CHAPTER, Statistical Inference: Hypothesis Testing for Single Populations LEARNING OBJECTIVES _hic bese ya Bsns researc ts fis hae teas hw hyo exing cs 10.2 INTRODUCTION TO HYPOTHESIS TESTING im des fel such w making, prone! magn fnancia conrad wah apg sd it do mae sn inecesbu be ae Thess fot xp nel i, manages eco any stato ee ‘teins mgutens As dcused cis ones eat ems perience east | ‘Scones oo singe See) ike dct amen tem ei, inn maker aa clap iy SPN Sicinwin toon Meru samen maweie a eae Siento Sono dnt op he Ves Pre Rw hrs See ee a Sree tetas fietey” and wl as of mt tha sso tinea ee ress loos tbe eng. unl putes scence J Senna peng sar wn spans Sa aS i la a SEEGER 2 te mnt tdon esp a a tm ei Meee jase Mastin te nove sao ststcbl cnay cas e e Seer Cemae gl Wh arenes lnponcsseromumpion icons ee Seareaee pannel wearer 20 inte ofthe populton parametce I el 310 snesaga cen he sample sista the pots popula prams ass qos iMtescuney oft amplng ttnizue natal mats we se he coop Of pbaby © eh by el wich a sehr cnsaes hat the abe Seen ete he sat andthe ppuion pare isnt he has, 10.3 HYPOTHESIS TESTING PROCEDURE sy tve aad ded tht Ipeteieing e el-fted pootte, A sample sled esting he poultien prs Sarl state compute fo tas splendid 0 Enc popuion arene A ema proceed be dope fr yon eine Seen opin tothe eng reson nie 104 Sey Se nal ad erative patent ‘Te lyons, peel fered oa, ( b>-o). he yputes we swt for [pie econ wo he asomptin tat tte Tharetaly vate ot eon Ff orn qo and cosred ie, wil ad vals spore wong y the coleced sample Ais The ligt ie anys ered ihe orm of negation, Wh anes la ep ‘Seb spcte ake the populton Symbaliclys ul ypetene repel se He w=, ‘ithe poputon mean ste hypszed ale of he popaltonean For example {Diu hers popusion ans etal 1S0, a pote an ese popuon mean | a 10" Syl ‘Sp Darin te pp i ot | | a ‘95 Cllet eames | ee ee ‘Ba Anew aa och sa oe ferSngeepusers 3“Te aerate hypothe, general rey (subnet ai aposie a ral pass. ter wards, wien ull Ips fund be ee he sams yp Ist be ibe or when nl pads fans ob ake, lite pts mae ‘Syl tase hype reps Heuen, Conse, tens, Fae, Forte store example, th alermsive pedis can es “population nea isn eu 150° Stacy 10190 ‘Tis sin oe tine pte 1150, which nts ate pop | ‘mca ils har 50201 18, whch neste ppaaon es em se ‘tp 2: Determine he sppropriat sat et Aft sting he hypothe eseurcher a don aprotic at be ‘seer sta nis Type, numb and thee of dt ay prvi ptr ag ‘ee asl text. Apr om ste Sts te sy (nan pono, ane oe Isle be conideed when researcher decieson pnts lchcarte apeeh Ferhypotsisteing node aban bets Sethe elf gnceace ‘Toc teve of sgnieace ner dent by ite probly which satchel po 2, whch be jc ete whe tt mo The eel sigan alo Kao fh eto meg othe of the cee eon ier point mt a eo Sigismond bee we dew spss ta ned ret tae Bo ‘ole is of dition kr. The eels af spice wich ae ensly ape yeah He: 0.01; 005; 0.10 The concept o eel of sien edict nda ars coe Stop 4 Sethe dco re The nea tp er te researchers welsh exe repon, wich i he res de be norma GRRE ave. vied in te mally ecoregion teen Figure WDy Re eee eee Remmsyselseehtt |S aeepanc son when heel hyohstinaeenah one ston ge cel TSR (nhc te mal opts ned) Rocitretnfthaige econ a oft ot sac als he across rion, then ype feb pics aad cee eherwse iis jc For makings desc ung ie eepeoncn aye ot ‘mec Somsea! [Retin Sts) Accs mica 0) Tigh ees) Sea ind mec org wea 32 bangc pps eer eo deta ial value wi seus the ton rion om = leat cso Thedlrsaton el wae epnds nthe seo terest eon ety else othe sk olen devs ing Ine or tn eth he jection eins eth ed to he eel af eb wich dein cer aso colt he ample data [ng of eampig dts ae colts andthe pot spe tis ce compe. The ps shonl be cmpleed before clei the a fr th ay: a vine ifn an ten dete sages a paces eng. We healed used the ‘siting in Cater zac the data cpt sexe us comput he st sti This notes leon oan sprite i stat fr parca er enmpenhen espe sal (<3, oF al pbahiy dstrton (not neste choie. The dstbton eds te sed Sin of he consul el eingroersese Fan Tae ecm ele fini be Garuda nthe acces caps, sical aha Pir ed ton, range: Areva stati contusion and esis impeation hitomi theese a asta conchan Ait cncaion a econ osc al hyo: Tis depen wheter te comput et i lth nese rhe ject ean went hypo eel epics ade bred at aa stave robb of esha we conse at he itrece been er pe i= elm i ety pple erm ance nh aso esc er bo know i el Ppt an cep he aerate pss On hor bao the syed set rte leis hn te pil of ore ans, ne coi iene ewer te pe sls fe tat phen population pase nian santo aero o he al pote nd th aris apes oat ted ssn pes he formson abe wing phos ening rer tthe cin Des em onthe as of sft, son mae ht ily isin reat sa sabe rea nd neds 0B pene fo meting th 1 pts of! TWO-TAILED AND ONE-TAILED TESTS OF HYPOTHESIS econ hee pes oft of pss. They seo tran one o of ete hss rman providers br row ween, Ts ol e Sse ode he so free 41 Two-Taled Tost of Hypothesis fs cosidr aml and sete ype sow | wey, | Howey, |p mos scons te tan ein on th he Ft sampling dition of = les ‘normal curve, coesisting ort «area on both the tails of the normal curve, For example, for BER AEN == wtee eee ‘pepe Raeoe the eps ian on cach sie ofthe ean wil be 095 (0455 +0495 ~ 098 an te ay "eton sion an ah het will 0.08 (0050008001). Fomine acne Ry fetttie 0485cncpndso 25 sander en each ofc a a he in oft acepaneepon (0 99s) Tar ssw Poe fn ‘ {ies we Smee Figs 13 an 0, npr see, When we ee ‘hese ofthe sjeton eon Figure 108). prota of eqns ral en 10.4.2 One-Talld Testo Hypothesis SG Nee) Lote cone cl and ater ype as below ve ater en one yn ted HsncyClahaledten) Ageemenena: Ma-r — md tcumm— ighraseter SEE) Uiilstetwuiedien ie oe ed tes conte nes ino ae a Be Siespseme,= ne attain eftctaninc scala asc eee gene hte Gmemgsrasely omnct aopewawspcety ter ac eet al Na Setcrateiges issn, Coming ele et tocar atgwe 05) nite nine en eel Pecgeciaia ds Mute wlnpatsstecoapan nl ence apaseare hee ee a Pile cin: Koonmnes omen eh St atherne sre ne eared ‘cee meio rin sponds eel incon a sel ka ES be armel apn Bete DeLee Nemes tre dnt mn whe hl en ae so Signs ag EERE G ARI age MIC hppa nemoglet Anictos a dSeeece ai ‘two teats paths (ppt mn ot pl 150) eed ea 1H; 2190 wont) (1-001 =0A B14 arenssances‘neti (et rave ete (opalatn can ess thn 150) canbe exit 1:96 10 (Lae et onetime yes gopultin mes sorta 150) canbe exited 1: 4> 190 Reside ‘hte 102 sts summary fcr aes at rious siniance ne fr tet sat = 10.5 TYPE! AND TYPE Il ERRORS ‘wie sing typos, ol pote bul be cepted when tg ee and mal ype Suis faced ton Inet le sition, fe cs ion ot aa ese einen hare Ipats-sesing rose were ssc se en the ape) ae 2 comm abo he ppt eum In hi procs te pss of making ioe Telcos abut theless aot nr I ft en 8 reser ai hy occ her en orp oes allows: Conicresl—)—Onetaergan Roane he 1 | Sas tence aa Tera forse oputors 315las notes ut reo stl» deco a aint sal tan cae ple sts anda ‘ain verte ocho oeousvonpsaaa Aen ory werent cack Mee ‘Sop derbies othe cunnaed sete cavet Ea tea sel comune cate stile saa sn ie rset cece fst ypipaaes pain arate Ts chp duces Ow ence {ng nosed a ovetaie nef pets wing cee! pea Type ees m poms arn Fapeners ita fos ge ppt vet tw coterie spec accra vale oon Seether we aoe ppl a aah arse ye Popueienbasarton 10.1 INTRODUCTION Inctoper9, we ae disused ow asap can be ws develop poi and intel sina ‘étypates tain nts hg wile fi cater of nce terrae Stigpuess eg ipobess eset ne easel trp ston tc wel faut rater aes wea ecu Te mn ceil {We capr nn cs pts gon cone sun pple ome 10.2 INTRODUCTION TO HYPOTHESIS TESTING Se lr eg pee es eld pm, Seat ce i ee cee fee a eee SSRN ES, population parameter, For this purpose, a researcher develops a “hypaihesis” which can be stxtied and SSRN Cocoa ene noe neice anoompen eee area means ee Be am rc cagetsrcrantn ene ee Zs Foetal ea emery te ee ortae ichenmannmaneen sarin ini eal sce ne oenpae ae Sores roe eee ee ae ee te es ca rmptnit Ding edn mp SSeATES yp prumon sta evr emnpaa ta toon cies res ieee Se a Ree ten emer epemeterme ee Bee panel pared cae aaa beeen ca’ sepsis oe footie ucececensanuinacan carmel ponmcne coca boear a mtr Senn oe BIO eae sitiicecre sar etn pope pret nies usin Sec San enn sg oom Be aac pniainopusnartmvar thse _ 10.3 HYPOTHESIS TESTING PROCEDURE has sey dacs ha ype sing. welded poe. A sample ced rcs tinea: uae vcd mid U fiesoee sepia yt sigs shwn i Fg (0 ee ep: Se ad aerate pees Tem apts, genrly efor ab b-ae) stehypass biht e Bite ten wi be tmnpon Gt hte. Tact el yp set oi Fens orn uo loner, wn les proved wong ye cle le dT rl ype satay geen erm of on qo, whch nas 3c spine qc ao be opto, Solely soul pubes repens He wen, [suspen nd eos a te pn. nF mister pig nna pen ao nae = Pr ice iaesen ee caePicea hypotension ithe gel pp ite wrt whea malin snd wet, e shoal eke ‘st fs or when ml hypodisefe e e eteae typos mn Sytem beni rewes a Maem Case n:nem, Hao, Foye tos tee sean tsa et pai et st epi 130" Symt 250 This etn vo mare aerate pots, ‘ans ethan 50 sa, 5 wc ‘Swp2: Determine he appropriate tial est SIS ME Me Innes th ecard on nero ii et ha wb ica ab ps und el af i yp apo he kata Apart om hse, ews wed in eae fn ‘stabobe considered wher aatenehdeieroe fertypotess eng rca bk 8 18, which inden popig | sth he population es re en a6 : ‘tp: Sethe evel of gieance by ihe probabil. ihe tached al yp se. Thee of pine aio bn a Rene emcees rele, hice val sora See ects) Soe oy hanempnn an nee ect = dace tin el npn ced lt cane et Cee SIS wntenoacr seat Heteeatnieeriee We compl a of te ee hn te scope rein, the ml pote sa Bie e ee rg “eee sides Forming sds ee et Sea nse ad Retain [ori sme \ cmctnice J B12 suamesstses eeto rote etn seal ert seelon The dserantan of coal ae depend nes of he jee eae, Sty lated oe i edn Secon ming ott woes, wee at ie tre crgesion son dey ldo the eel of pen nich eon ake was son se exng he ulin parsnte sep 5: Cll the maple data Jp ong of emoing dt ne cols and he appopate sales ar computed. The TR pe bul be compiced before clei he noth y's otal oe tere tt nd hen acon he sage pes eng. Webave aed) ds evs fsa in Cher Iu ep the eseathr bso compte th est sie. Thisimove stn of appropri ta i drier priate Fo example wie hernia (30 ewe of etm bai dco) nat nsec choice The dstibuon nets tbe sed [ene ste ofthe conmenly ed testng postures, snd Tae seecboa sual Stop 7s Arive at sata contson and business iplston tis sept esearshr drow stita cochsin Ail conelson a deisonto acegt ijt multypetons, Thi dopeniscn sch fe compte wt ai lathe exept (em orton eon ie esta hotest 8 eel of signe ad te obser ‘ests taves robb es thn, we coneder athe dierencenten he pe sas {cand pated pops armel + secant. nhs Sion a sce ees © Sir nlfigptess ond et oerave pans Oe ter hand eee set ‘lrcats he te pablo ror a we cor the ierece tet the pe stati ‘typeset plan rea tsi nh ain a ese 10 Seep l peties ante serve ypoterss sonal reed 10.4 TWO-TAILED AND ONE-TAILED TESTS OF HYPOTHESIS hen Tey ae two-les ss andone bled sts of pete ase ott ation Tie wil be cued im deta i eS 104.1 Two-Talled Test of Hypothesis A oor et oni the trp 0 a te ni of he sapingdsbation of sox sn The rae il je te ul Ise i he computed spe asi ‘aitrghas wlll) theleva of iat then he ton on wb oor he nce ein chief te mest snd evar om cc Se fy wbih sexo he se fhe aceance eon (033% a ‘tn exon (03% ae}, Seay. oe eng pokes at 6 eve of seine, the size gle fone wer a he srgeroousiom 313ERAS ow omsier srl a aterathe pons Peed HA mcg neketay Gamamenans? Wa-~ ou af >a Riga) ERepigpeet | ithe tweuiaen hoa enn See Thats Meecha oasetsuinne Meare cae ne Seeerttantebe he cpa eee Sloubtieas= mar tcitncotmeacnen easy iene Pat archon eS taetes) poet nl penance ee 85 inns heron pees sieves rt ce Ereemaeia Pca EERIE Psa pmeer consi nena 314 susmessanes a ‘Steen mes ch ie of em witb 045(0495 0495-099 we ‘stn eno het il be 00 {0s Fos Fett atthe es 0495 corespons 2595 sander 104.2 One-Tiled Test of Hypothesis Eee ith pepo en eps aa ean so elo 0) can be exhib blo Hs 180 (Rips) 10.5 TYPE! AND TYPE I ERRORS ‘Wile esing types, lpi sou be aceped when te oe and ul ipo ‘Built sted when tae oa ah station, he covet econ x nays possible, Sc ype ecient sun te sg ‘ess ut he al gute cant be pe Tabet whe escheat tise Poacher ca be lo posse atzomes lO 315fatto) Bree pe ter)=4\_comt dct of eo Rejetng se ul ype (pe ter) ‘csp al pees pe coe) sw loti (Carect dein) Refetng alse al npties (Cot een) Arm Tero commited ty rejecting x nal bypothss when sre Fo ox {ay cnt ania ofa ait per ments nae tose {SLi te hp, racy ke random cal of 1 pos ea {ete es Hips is pl cena na ete ae ‘rte da 240) ing hero oft al pets taught ne a hall 3 osc he rece he conan pe Leree Te ‘Rita lors (eerie sence ache wer unae een eee 1 leet eon Beyond heal ales. As dace ene sensor vals fea 010,005, ed Afbne Merrie commited by accepting mal bypass whens fate, oh ‘las bloat pes. supos te ppuston mest so ‘ullipobess iS aetethes Asa of 1 a sanjesicn repo The err drs moe a ype tah statins Te ewer is). Smita, {2= Probab of sommiting The enor B= Prosi oom pe tee Se ned examine thereby betwen (a) nd Besa tl ties wie san hl cme comin sacra (Bern Areca cat emp nd he ees a HE sue manele et Gea aod seinen nel eee on Agi recet i ncred ud Bs sedced is cased (Bye {Rds he probaly of jt the em pues hk see ee onspBetwen the ype orcas eve ag pars deen aces ce ough 529s eee ch hypothe cap Commit The etl of someting (ype | eri commie 10.6 HYPOTHESIS TESTING FOR A SINGLE POPULATION MEAN USING THE ZSTATISTIC “oer ting ob ps2 ibs on he stingion he popu fo ihe sli dh a ermal dion Ava ee oo ‘al sis re 2 30 fran poplaton erence ay ‘As died cate, mis ua bested s Soa «ermala fo single popes it areal da er isthe poplin ms the population and deviston the sae sig ad Fhe ‘Speman.earch Hr conde 0 mavey TO yeas ag a ound neaseboschol imme of «parila geographies tn, Mr Cp who has rece jome he ie 3 ise rset sed doubt tte secuey ofthe data. For ering he sgl deied one sao sage 07200 owes at ample ean (ft huichol ince) of Rs 1,00, Ase at no unr! deviation of he hosed income sR 1200, Tar Gupns Jobing be seven ep of poss sing. Let Inte previous, we ie alendy discos he seven steps of eng totes The facies he nal sd semaine pes ‘Step I: Set nal and aternatie pateses Tats rica example he serch tying very whether here ay ‘Shang n th vagus nor et 0 jes. The ul pete {star difecce ota ut be erage Roteol ice has ne ‘hanged. Systolic spon Hz w= 10000 “The lune lypotesisi toil cposie of the ml poe Hens, "10000 ‘Step 2: Determine he appropriate stata tet ‘Artis stag aneprpete sisi xt mute tri. In ie, Pils aye (25 ene sample mean sed ar ast, othe frm Ene oe cytes teing Arse, Forma fer aig popu cay ‘tp: Se the evel fence ‘Theterel ofsipiiomce abe anon th sl of jenon gen tt ie fhe al egin en 0.08 nese. ‘Sup 4 Sethe decison rae Inte ight oft aerate ype, ome ler hat isi asf 00 {ee een stole cab tha 10,00 adam mee Toy nhl agli e 0S.Arsbown a ig 10. ec tse reg sever 25% oft he recon raion coves eee i38 ohn ra eet te dtc Te el = aa ‘hind hte nora le fn sean tei hen ante en ior ie coped tw ‘rere al gps cee seman ees Sep: Clete sample data ‘ce ig seme, spe gay ‘eroniens yids spe mens oR 908 Step Anas te data " ene ote al sui cubed sg. Fm ea Evils ns et la ‘ease pops ante Z & tte a eg = 10-1400 0 esa conctson and basins implestion cecilia ale 1.9, hich reerten 96 Hee seca Trentcay el pa od were ce a heres nea tle tala oben an baer vale F181 79 and ictal ae sels BR eg tc be Cid ha he a Mecimct a Fe ei seeap tcn e Jenn bese stig hal ee So ah, 0 | pismo ion sora Scr pornos f° BO tale ie an a Sane ca ag eco Rs 0 ei now pair el be eas nln a an flo” ORO sat ied ne sel some Note: macy rei ations, he Laka, ts cae forage elton} can ep + Toomala wile anes 2 den ta a tess bon te amp te al fate eH prion i he ate aac ee fe aaah; fem tbe modding a drone ste st as tn So ee poranne ean Melee een cae he wenny fe a ‘fini poplin: oul bese106.1 pValue Approach for Hypothesis Testing ple approach fr pte ong is erases ands eines refered 8 “Toddler of gence Ts pponch rey atvantapens etl arte iodon ‘Zoysia stars pores The p vale ees sles au of fo which he el {fpoteican be eee don efor sep or aetag ol pots bse on he Poe s ene Pej eal tess when ep ia eri, ace hema pois | Frexanple a secheconduings ptr wit rection eponen eight aoe anton stds mobsters ae of 212 Frm he oll he coeoning by set forsale 312 O20 So the probably of bang 2 ae ree! tan t Fpalto2 120000 04620 = D017 eho se 108). nh seth pale 0817. Fr = od = 01 his pa il ude the ton son t= 008-4017 <008 an = 0.1, 01703) s0 en hype be eed t | tsa velatsigiane Atal the rer cmt jet wl pass te foetal O17 bese 00 = 017. “epee facing he p ve fr a eo-d we siphy eren. tna twos = ex be teton ron al oh he a of te nara dbo For example a= 0, te recton tegen ose nth ta ates of te rato a tems of 02% (D028 ins = 005) asi hte ta fhe dsrtaton The rerrcher arpa hs aval 0 inesompued pala fo epingo ting the lhypetens.Fr is omarion, ined of | Spins he vl we dcle hpol an then oper tat psa withthe vl Th vos xsl, he sur conde = pees tt Wit ecton epi eabnth he is oe dsriton ete te a bandh bern tents 212 md cormeponding? Sara 901, Stead fling vale 0 ps te esearch sould double pv ‘ers (0017 "2 0034) So foratmrad tes ay ae (0159) compared wise eles Dos ang, Hens ate Sanda 01 te nally wl be teu at 01 hel typos wil be sete (001 < 0038) Tee Bumple 101, seth poaive method wo et he iypthess wing Example 10.2 ot ie kel a igo, Assn ae he sale eh So, Solon Inept ofthis new ample ean ¥ 0.2m he >a can beeline 10200-10000 200 3 V0 ‘The obseed ie sts computed a 236. From the nema be, the cveponding prot rs fr alu 2.6 04908. Sa, the probabil Ip ov ohig va peer anor egal 10 2.6 05000 = 03809 = ape 1 Satta rte hye Tetra Sige Popbtirs 3191282 Cita Valu Approach fr Hypothesis Testing rey” Hy om fea ppitien en aint i ote Sample mene * cn ete nn ppt met, The hw fone Ihe iia ae, Sopa pte ting, lt ermine con he ol Aer pce Wega ‘Afr eranging, hs fra en be ten ial Fate nde valyg he ra can be wnten se This emt an be ee. being he ne. ouch el ble i *ehepaf Eu 03 ee —Beampie 10.3) cxcav vo company rn socal da pop 320 arrestersour ‘The nulla tera typed can bes a blows He u= 120000, Hews 29000 Sine he samples 40, te mt sd The ev of gins ‘steno a O05 Lang te real vale orl iste en, ge “This ges he ower and up mis of he reton ohn (sa a pw 1 10 Hence, ower tit = 12000-37197 1199813, ‘Upper ins =120,00 + 37187=1207.87 ‘There indses ua sampe mea of vale grater tar 12037187 tn es tha 108 13 leat he etn mal ges Tn i ‘se sample mean clued a 125/00 bh les othe oon oe ral ype. Note at fr ebining 95% confine itera, fas ona = 372 apposite) i ected ad ae fom he sample me 125,00. Hence loner it cin a 125,00 ~372= 124608 so pe iti bees 1500 32 125,372 (some Figure 1011 one-samplez 49 125000 "190 (124528, 125972) 26.38 0.000 Satori gare Teanpte Sage epsrions 32472.6.3 Using MS Excol for Hypothesis Testing with the z Statistic [MS Excel canbe used feng ature the ‘pesca ‘slapper onthe re Sele Sta 72.6.4 Using Minto fr Hypothsis Testing with the 2 Statistic ‘When computed o MS Esc, Minin piesa en tte We wile Empl I eeanaoaatngas Sle Stat om the men aA pulbdoce om is mens Another pul-dn se wl ss : on Insert Funeton ion fs), The Inset Function dg cl om Orla acateguy and eles Zo te eas et Bx 1 poptios box Otherwise spe ant doa a he Faneton Arguments die ho clk OK. Te ou, si: Me hese wean ab ae fan Th acm xe yr senna oh ld be conpued ip heat SH oes pees ing ea pects fing phe nn Ma ne one sen Base St at othe sre. Fo ting pee a pesnow porulin std eviton,skt LZL-smpleZ The Sample Z (Res andContdence | eva ig to wil appear on the sersen Figur.) Set Sutmaraed ts sd ee ‘aes f spe i dnl ean in be Sample soe tnd Me ers Thpe he so ‘ample sada evasion inte Standard deviation et xa eal oe Input a, Fie Mypthesized meas ex bow ick Options lo ec sh he ape of byes end fein ia. The Sample Z-Optoa los box wl spear on sree. Tape coe ees lee! fa te st ype 950 in be ConBdeen ele on (gue 1015) aetna fen Alternative aol cek OK. The FaampleZ (fst and Condence Intra) ace toe al tees one wren, Chek OK Nisin il aes the anlp es arlene Fast 10.16 Figa10.17 este Mista out fx Ease 102. oma etl oe Aes ep ae ors aed a exe aga 18? ia = | one-sampleZ 200 34000.0 34.9 (10032,7, 11366.) 11.78 0,000 ed users 323one-ss ample Z yea SE teen enor ies 200 s0200.0 G83 uoose ts eee pps beam me (5) =95 spo (9) = 0 ppt He 30 Hs wed Son sad dein =i ad onl opm ie sel men) 55, empl an 80 pop “ae a (Song fs 7a ie ne MAS. Rema satel ye at tg (aoa the i ins om ion pate ON pence TAM taeda dan RAO ae naa dis gan in 031 10M. Use flowing si oe he gpcies 10.7 HYPOTHE USING TH WHEN n< 30) MA Rovian sev bad of ss acon wd la OS ‘ne somal hesitate weg of te ng eae wat oth in and nk and | ewes the res enorme Te 2b i Ta 93a) hse 324 SELF-PRACTICE PROBLEMS EPC oe ype ee ‘Se 50 and ua at espe aoe ecm nda isc ater mea SIS TESTIN IG FOR A SINGLE POPULATION MEAN lE 1STATI ISTIC (CASE OF A SMALL RANDOM SAMPLElution ‘Ma, espe 8 th 3) ad pop and ein . ‘is tnknown, so ¢ test can be used for testing tbe hypothesis. The seven steps of Ip cag epee Sep: Set ml nd sera ppties Nalltbpmdeiss Hy tog Atos Hae ‘Sip 2 Determine the appropriate atic et Acad ear he sample the 30, So, willbe a prope sees The wats hen as unde Step 3 Sethe evel fe Toelevel of sgn, ti estas 005 Step 4 Sethe decon re Thor diason vate es wo tet i = 268 for epses of ee som 7.5 ifthe camps ls ode 2S. 368 ge al ea ‘Silla ern, hissed, ‘Step $: Colles he sample dats ‘The dts coleted fem et ap ae 8 ow in 35060000) RO ASOD sw Sep 6 Ana the dats The spe stand devon an he spe men are opted ne a eat stag These regina tes ‘one-SampleT: Samp Sample 5 sp7s0 2619 938. (9864, 41939) -0.27 0.795 euro 325Super distin) = 26186 nd Sep meus (7) 38.759 40000 and n= 8 and ap ees The aur ale ae, 368 The fomanitesiog hype = Fa _ 38.50 sn 000 Gates = Bar S197 Arr tsa cance nd ens inpenion acre te 827 wh se ep hag ors ate ewe 0. Tasco em Crone Seat or nal pce (shai oo ene ets on hep tet ap ete m0 knee gee tells tthe compu cin ection 3% conten nal. pet tn he gFgwe 1019, orang X= 21058 dtc nd fom he sample an 32.75, te Hal alo has oe placed instead afte a of 1021 ta Minita o Hypatesis Testing for Sle Popuaton Maza Using the | {Stats Case of» Smal Random Samp nso | eae Sina ce Tos iin pntnmie e tcg sa cries Th Samplers ans Cane a il spe sine poset) Pisin atel shine Sap ei ‘het ‘mean the Hypetesed mean or ne 1 Options Samples Option sate a ime nee ee eaten igus 102, 980 me Coonan ene i i i i 4 a ear eccccuoummamomamsn...Confiercelevet [sec ‘Atemathe: frat equ =] Hep | ok 972 Using SPSS for Hypothesis Testing for Single Population Mean Using the | _¢Statstic (ase of Small Random Sample, < 30) | Sect nav fom sere a. pln nn llr onthe sre, Fro ise, {be Compare Means Atte pl-ove:men wl operon he so, Sst OneSample i Tr One Sample T tcl ill spparon th se: sapleathe Tet arab) I pe th tet aue n Te Val x(a 1023). lick Opin ape cnet lee si clek Comin. The One-SampleT eda bo il penon th Been. ck OX {ssl clit the anp aac ote chon nie 1023). pss Teuigte Sige Pepsaors 327SELF-PRACTICE PROBLEMS WB Ueto doa et types Se aml en (= 30, samples = 1 on sad dviaton = 5 an el ose 082 etalon ot te pte ie sample nese (2) = 38 emp 9) = 2, = ian le a ses 70.8 HYPOTHESIS TESTING FOR A POPULATION PROPORTION os nC 2and 25. Ths frm can bene “Example 10.5: Tio mang ors pany Wa ama er Nea Titi sere det mane ese eats aidan sap of 100 hear al nds fs ae fein He le he el of spice rr ering ae Ayn the swe po pth aig tet nei en of pots sing can be permed elon ‘Sup 1:Set nll and tern poe "ml an ahr ypnhes Can td sb ‘Stp2: Determine th pprpriate state tet ‘ete for ops oprion or ap = se a2 ‘et Tibi phen tebe hae te sm Pe Propotionn thempesinep the popuon ropa, ‘Step 2: Se the helo igniteance Tre tesl of sips, thats stax O05 328 sures snes eeSey sett sin te ‘Rite tusaeh ote ath oti tee ofp a ts eon ea fry sows rete eae Sp Cnt amp ‘pene ml 0 ee nt 2 pet Sane Aste ie see, p= ron 2 neti “hes fra population popuron emp 2 Sand my 2 canbe comp Tae” Jones 008 a Pe Sap: Ar seca ad apa Sr aitel a att ipoeeas et tea ma pala ef opaie popa noned fara Seas sree Topeiein rapt et ey tnemel Carel Whiner emcee eg ets Swati aintete mateo 108.1 Using Mint for Hypothesis Testing for @ Population Proportion | isi provides oe tesing yates ela ppaition poo. Set Stam th "sent A plldonn meu wl apron the een Frm tha ns le ae Sts Ar Ste pl conn om wisp the ren Frei yeaa seat epltin poet, ‘ees Propordn. Te {Proportion Test nd Comer lel spss one ‘cen See Summa data aed eth is of tap nh amber ial Dota te unter of sees nthe Number fees Dx (sows sue 10), Chk tom = potest a le pts poet sit Hypetesnd propor be Chck OP- on The 1 Proportion - Optom dle box wil pena th secon pee ied ose ‘el inthe Cnene ee oe Sele ot ego ow Alernatin ands oe Ue ttn in ‘eval based on nora srbon sch OK (howe Fig 12) The 1 Propertin Cs 8 Conde Interv lg tox wil pea onthe tem. Cle OK. Minka il ee thes an ples rte tet shows a Fur 10.2),Cider [Gg Atoms: Tota =] ee tom otal ee co nema debanon Test and Cl for One Proportion Fest of p= 0.2 wep noe = 0.1 Lr Pate Pyatue SELF-PRACTICE PROBLEMS ™ "OCI Use alonng ot te pete, hehe carter snp fw tearetmpenee Sci noma sso GS ip puna Ou ef s0SCR Se ("sn fap Example 10.6 TLE eat ncn earache ht Ins due eh hee ng Ks tn. sew ato wen anes ‘tp 1:Set atl and arma spats 380 nessesermine the appropriate state st ‘Spl e230, tee, frm fore sg poplin means nen a ‘Sup 3 Sethe evel of sgnience Level fsiiance ris sts 010 Step Sethe dessin ele For 90% endef (~ 0.0} the cial vale of is gen as = 1.65 fe comput vai of iets + 1654-145 he son ‘Stossel puis nd thet sie case 1 A, eds ‘lo atone thal pats cep th ae pas) ‘Sp $:Cotlct te sample dats Sak ean pes S00 al kevin gens tp 6 Analyse te dt Ath ge the vale of the spl aise From the cap, (2545, FS, += 100, and pth mean S00. The = frm ot $500 so ‘Step 7: Areva tata onlain and bls pe oncom 0 the ml ipetesis and ocep theses peti The there hypoth re scan in vege are acepd ‘The campany compo aka the poly of alawing eres 0 rms ‘von iome-sming ates hone as, Te Mia ut cig pc o he = Sor ne 1 sto one-sampleZ By subtiing lh vee et = 45 5800 148 (5285, $745) 3.38 0.001 Secs ACFL manuticing conpsy pls rac toro eas EADIE 10.7) ‘cose eu: Te cngny clams at heaven ie of SCF HE nmonth Th company he esd comps om ees th be Soman ond sample of 0 CFLs an fad at the age HMearhe CFL 23 nth Asune tat te popon dad dere ‘ns Seats Use 0.05 tet heb te merge ie fT In ‘iyopulton ie 24mont Corr 10] Sasa rence hypoess Teng Sege epsebns 331332 Soliton ‘The seven sp of typotistexng an be prod a blow ‘Step 1: Set nal nd aerate hypotse Step 2 Determine he appropriate atti Sample sien ‘Sup 3 Sethe el tiga vel of siiance estas 08 Fa9Skcibdeseela=005).r sea eos hen a, «219 te compa ve ais batten +196 nd. te dco se nalapthens nd compu ve fs oes 30 he ee ‘ote hl ype (ast aera pete ‘Step Cll the sample data Sample mein =23 Fopuitioa sand derision = 5 7 Sample ssn Step 6 Anas the data ‘hs gs the vale of he sample isis be compte rom ese sale #60, = 25,05, apes mean he ‘Step 7: Arrive aa statis eoncasion an anes impetin te clea: vale 1.5 fain te acepance gs Hence, mi Iypotess isaceped a tern putes ee ‘The nal hypoteiht hr no cng nthe sess i of he CPL ‘e accep The sample inet el my oie sould ask lea 4 One-Samplez sa 23.000 0.645 (21.735, 24.265) -1.s8 quizSe at ental pron rapms vey ak Sthoecnty Serre ee Tees aon Mar alone ey cal oe Gene Bose SN Qu i ike 6 2.08 | 5 toe ial » ie ea | f im k Bt | | a 201 ' toe oie ‘Ua =001 toe water echt cntine cart 2 iss dink Che 10 Saitesieerce Hotes Tsing Segerepuaions 333,Solution ‘Ths seven stp of tyothis eng an be permed a blow ‘Step 1: Se nll nd aerate poten Hew=20 Step 2 Determine the appropriate ttt est Sao (30 Hees, ra (tn opto snd des ot om) snl poplin men ge sk vr tp 2: Sethe level of sees ‘The tev signee aise 0.01 ‘Step $ Collet te smple data Sample mean § = 200 Samples ton» 00268 Simpletisen 0 ‘Stop 6 nas te From came = 0, ¥ 20015-00249, nyse ean wa20'thes toe evi ot i 2001-20 a5 cl Se: Arve at aise contain and uns nplcation ‘Tip plete 025 fas ne cep rep Hens tel pat ‘6 uacped and alerts putas ee Sn hay con fee can concate wih 9% cone tt ee wile wis ath 2 lief weak Fee 1029 te Ns ae ‘thing computation otc for Euan fos ‘One-Sample 2: Ouanty o sof arinkcured Re 700 A serch config von be Sf oma ean 208. The rarer Blees ae Scan y bne an ahene npc on ee ey ef ce rte Foe wetbine hs ee, revert Sie anon sample of 0 sof poesios td songs snore dag con Prod The sveapecome of Spec conus R00. Te sample sanded utr comp’ Res Use 010. whee te Inti example, th spl sie i 20 han 30), hrf scan be ed fertecing the pseu Th sven eps hypo exing an be p> fo si Step 1 St matland trative Hypotheses allypaess: 1° 75.000, ‘Arnie ype: 9'< 75000 ‘Step 2: Determine the appropriate stats et ‘Theres an ppp it oe the mp ie i ethan 30. Tet {isco be emoelty xng ra a ‘Stop 3 Sette hve ican ‘Thetee ofsigtianc. at a 10. Sep 4 Set the delson rte For degre of edo 1 md one ef-s) the bala ae Miles” 508 Sy compe slo iui the 228 age hl ype nse beri it sacep Shp $: Coste sample dats Spe nraton given abel: Spl sind evo ()~ 00 abd map ma =) = 000 75000 and =20 and f=20-1= 19 ‘Sibi he aes nthe ema: Sp 7: Aeie a atc vlan andes impication ‘oe ae sober at -2236, whic fl ande the eto ion. Hen, the nl tytn cd adhe ernie types acre ‘herearhers ble abot be dees ite cogs oath ome fo ‘tte profane pod The rarer 0% coe at he wage ‘Dei son ofa oes ar ene dors owing emer = ‘loin in mT p aac ote Mita opr ao ns he tins of he sere pete ‘TheMinahopuciing he sonpstion ofthe stati or Exam 109 iSshonm nies 1030, scons bon be wigs nly eons anne po~ (ERS 10,9 Sn 335eee aa 2 tt er mene as oa se aa ay —___Vsea~065 rein epoca : Sotto "ese sp of typethss testing canbe, ‘Stept: ‘Set mall and alternate hypotheses ees Nalgene pom Aether: poe suo Determine the apropite atic et Sls ls te 30 Hee. ate ena ‘Step Sethe vet of gacance Step Sethe dso ene Fok Ste 2 aed he tat CEILS Wie compat ae ae he 42.064 range, he nll hype ‘Sue intrmtion computed a ow Sample sued devon =o Sunpl mean ¥ = 354.08 925 Step Ana te ints uie fon esl pce he alpen sep2 The femal resting bots 336Step 7 Arrive at a seat ons The bred ele 285, which lune tees aoe Hens he ‘lipo ice andthe arin prio see The company's bee atte average pr ofthe ear Re 350s ot te Te reece 95% coe tate merge pacers a ei $30 The Mini ouput cing te compton of he Sue or es busines impeton To.0isshorsin Figure 1051 (one-Sample T: Price Example 10.11 Theme sems (pe cies combats) mata Ste ‘nyo by 2 nln iis y 20113012, Casemrs han Sea a 5 fc 34 sein he vel cet Supane sra yes Jamul nat open sSoac i ie par oe en be sift epcve are sheet pana dee ey hes aca ado spl of 10 aot an oon ao Bango South india. Stal ad aeatne penne ar sts ew hepa, Solvion The seven sept hypothesis eng can be peromnedar blow ‘Step 2: Detrmiantion ae appropriate aii et ‘asta population propio For ap 2 Saag 25 wl beth prot et isthe proprio. espe,» the aplon operon, big Step 3S the evel of sgicane Stop 4 Sethe dco rule ‘At hcsid cai he sematie toil "nest pes i fa twoiedstThi hast on bt sie ote datia e e ‘eo seon wllaciny 0.125% eythane ei ‘ebetveen 2196 the nll poets snail tense ties Sup 8: Cote the sample dts ‘Asvdomssmpe of 110purchsesint at elon Soha Hens = Poplin propaion = 0.3 s=1-p=1-06 066 337‘St 6: Anais the daa srr Pron opin wd 2 Sandman 090-034 [@™moasy 2 i matey fA 0 2ebatst coannatt! Seen) Semen often stg be prenadasnon ‘St 1 etal and ternatie pat "THe ad senate Ipc ane sie a lon: ee2 Determine the appropriate statin est q ion eon 2S dns) cn ecg od | Ve 4 IEF hehe sale oon nde sal $27 populson pope ‘St 3:Se the eet sigsiteance ‘Tie lolof spies ati sean 0 ‘Step Sethe decison oe Fos 95% conden el nd far one, of 1685 tt ge = le pe "1464, ml gpa seca on eh cries ye his i accepted 338 Asn snesEntry of Mutinationals Unie te mks hr ped he niece Se se mice era fe heme Moma ass Seas bose ee ‘Bay Sand tx cam Mant: son Heme bas ‘stor et trian ati te bh ean ‘Bm Rebs al piso bog sorseen es Sane seg nti cat im ‘sm mat js po ag nd cpus nla ls Bo era's fs bx. Ug nrmitin gen cue ee anata ‘i esi red ns hp dessa ‘than mt pees aap Rese ‘re Spon a eras nde spe ey NoTEs SEL RE inte mt he Speed eeceweoathea 342 ert Sotes eee tate Oe ee igerel ory inet " erate a a Soe tee cise eae Raoge ea arene Sea gon WR rte oer an 2 sowing, eel Aug 200, padatakes a sample of 20 hose an ade he erg 15s 230,00 witha nar deviaon R35 100 2005 oteribe ‘A ice water compar cm thatthe mene wnat ‘ter led i ach oft ote L108 hes Fre Ings cin, seer ake ample 3 rd meres the at of war msc ot Tere Eton: TT ae ne TA? Be He 1112 5.11 L008 1007 1006 1.008 1006119 1412 AN AH 15 Line 17 tie Lage Vata 665 wat a ype 1. Alec a antics int tm a J Mtmsacae te Torr atta sts nsane nlf 0 fo ee faa ies Wher ample meanest pens yg Wem en Si hpsniesiniiness newtccs I ER heater 5: Yor Potice 4, se thecal wala approche accept