“THE STUDENT’S VIEW IN THE MANDATORY WEARING OF SCHOOL

UNIFORMS FOR S.Y. 2022-2023”

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A Project Study
Presented to the Senior High School Faculty of
Pajo National High School
Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu, Philippines

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In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Senior High School Department

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By:

ALARCIO, JUSTIN
ANDAYA, JAMAICA
CANASA, FRETZIE RANE
ESPEDIDO, JAYSON REY
MONTESA, BERNADITH

September 2022
 CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

Rationale of the Study

According to Bruchury 1998, this increase in school uniform programs

implementation may not be fully based on evidence from empirical studies

demonstrating that school uniforms from work in fostering student outcomes. The

proponents of school uniforms believe that the uniform requirement help create

that necessary positive school environment. Creating a sense of order, uniformity

and a positive school environment which are essential elements in a successful

educational environment. School uniforms attempt to foster equality through

dress and student populations which might be a possible way to address and

possibly lower the prevalence of clothing related bullying. Padgett (1998), US

Department of Education 1996 stated that those who have handed such policies

have done so in an effort to enhance the learning environment. The learning

environment in influenced by the attitude of the students, teachers and staff

members and it is created through the interaction of human relationships physical

setting and psychological atmosphere (Cube, 2006). The enhancement of this

environment includes increasing academic engagement while decreasing

disciplinary problems. Students engage in academics work hard and perform at

high levels of academic achievement (Voelkl,1995). In doing so, they are unlikely

to cause

disciplinary problems such as gang applications and acts of bullying which would

create an unsafe learning environment and post a threat to the learning

environment.

The scope of this study is to ascertain the view of Humanities and Social

Sciences students of Pajo National High School (Senior High Department) in

regard to the significance of wearing the school uniform.

Theoritical Backgound

This study relied on the effect of screen forms on students achievement

and behavior of Gentile and Inberman (2011). This theory states that uniforms

make schoolrooms more orderly and more disciplined. Stanley (1996), uniforms

could improve student outcomes through a few mechanisms. it can create a

more neutral atmosphere on campus and instill respect for authority.

School uniforms also make the process of dressing for school faster

particularly for adolescent girls who potentially handing over extra time for

sleeping or studying. Alspash (2007), "For some people it takes hours to get

dressed but if we had a uniform it would take three minutes".

Wearing a uniform in school prevents confusion and bring them all on the

same level. It helps everybody to mix up well with each other without any
misconception or discrimination. It also prevents bullying of poor and culturally

different kids and boosts their confidence and encourages inclusivity. Wearing a

uniform is a badge of pride, it creates an identity for a school and is an important

part of being a school student. Existing benefits such as sense of equality,

encourages discipline and togetherness, increased safety, reduction of bullying,

and the learning and professional (Oswaal,2022).

Research Flow

The Research flow chart showed the step by step progress about a

particular study. It showed a graphical symbolic presentation of a process that

consisted of the input, the process, and the output.

The Input is about the Respondents. Assessment on the Mandatory

wearing of school uniform. These inputs will be needed as variables to come up

with the output.

The Process is the second phase of the flow which involved the use of

Researches –made questionnaire finalization, and statistical analysis such as

percentage and weighted mean to come up with the results.

The Output showed the outcome or result of the study which is the

Student Orientation Program discussing the positive and must be applied effects

of wearing the school uniform.

 INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Profiles of the Distribution of Proposed a

Respondents questionnaires Student

(students) Orientation

 Assessment on disseminating

wearing of Data Gathering the outgrowth

School Uniform of wearing the

 Challenges School Uniforms

encountered Interpretation

by students and Analysis

in the Mandatory

wearing of

school uniform

Figure 1. Research Flow

 THE PROBLEM

Statement of the Problem

This paper aimed to estimate and state the student`s view in regard to the

significance of the Mandatory wearing of School Uniform for the School Year of

2022-2023.

Specifically, this study sought to address the following sub-questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1: Gender

1.2: Grade and Strand and;

1.3: Age

2. What is the respondent’s perceptions on the Mandatory wearing of School

Uniforms as to:

2.1: Physical Aspect

2.2: Social Aspect

 2.3: Mental Aspect

3. Based on the findings, what are the solutions or actions for the development

can be suggested to approach the given issue or problem?

Significance of the Study

Any investigation made is done for some reasons. The result of the study

significantly benefit the following groups of people:

Students. The Pajo National High School-Senior High students as the

primary group that will benefit from the results of this study will determine the

different perceptions of students on school uniform.

Teachers. The given the data will guide the teachers on what are the

student's believe regarding on school uniforms. Teachers will be able to

understand on why some students do not wear their school uniform.

Parents. Like the teachers, the parents to will understand why their

children is keep wearing a school uniform through the given data the given data

will help them formulate some preventive measures to help their children from

skipping to wear uniforms.

School Administrators. The Pajo National High School Senior High

Administrators will gain insights and will be able to develop policy to enlighten the

problems of students in regard to their school uniforms.

 Future Researchers. The result of this study will enlighten the mind of the

other or those upcoming researchers. This could enrich their understanding of

student`s belief and could be a great help to them when they conduct studies and

related issues.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study is only limited to the perception of students in Pajo National

High School. The participants in this study are the Senior High school students.

The research sample is composed of five students. Their primary data gathering

method used was questionnaire is to determine the student`s perceptions of

school uniform.
 RESEARCH DESIGN

Research Method

This research study utilized the descriptive survey method to gather data

and information. This was done through the distribution of a researcher-made

questionnaire to the procurement process of Pajo National High School (SHS

Department). The data gathered were tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted

thoroughly to obtain accurate results.

Research Environment

Pajo National High School located at Barangay Pajo, Sangi New Road,

Lapu -Lapu City. It was founded in 1970 and was established on January

01,1971. It was designed to serve indigent students in the City, by furnishing the

access to quality and affordable education. The institution has the complete

secondary course. Last June 2016, in the adoption of the K-12 program, they

implemented the Senior High School which pertained to Grades 11 and 12, the

last two years of the K-12 Basic Education Program.

Today, Pajo National High School is one of the prominent secondary

school in Lapu-Lapu City with increasing enrollees every year and provides first-

rate quality of education. It has been improved throughout the pass years and
Pajo National High School learners are being provided with a quality education.

The researchers find the locale appropriate for the said study. In addition, it is

referred by the school to conduct the study in that place for the safety of the

researchers.

Figure 2. Location Map

Respondents of the Study

All the Senior High students pursuing the strand of Humanities and Social

Sciences are included in this study’s respondents. The researcher inquired the

school administrator for the total number of Senior High students in order to

ascertain the population size, and then used the Sloven’s formula n=N/ (1+Ne^2 )

to determine the sample size with a confidence level of 95%, error 0.05.

TABLE 1

Students - Respondents
Respondents Population Size Sample Size

HUMSS B ( SET A ) 15

15

HUMSS B ( SET B ) 20

20

TOTAL 35

35

Research Instrument

This study used Researchers-made questionnaire. First (1) part of the

study pertains to the profile of the group of respondents (the Students). Second

(2nd) part of the study pertains to the Assessment of the respondents view on

the mandatory wearing of school uniform. Third (3) part of the study pertains to

the Challenges encountered by the respondents. The items on the printed

questionnaires were graded on a 5-point Likert scale, with 5 representing the

highest level of agreement and 1 representing the lowest level of agreement.

5 Point Likert Scale

Scale Description Interpretation

5 - Strongly Agree ( SA ) - means that the respondents strongly

agree to the given item.

4 - Agree ( A ) - means that the respondents agree

to
 the given item.

3 - Undecided ( U ) - means that the respondents

neither agree or disagree.

2 - Disagree ( D ) - means that the respondents

disagree

to the given item.

1 - Strongly Disagree ( SD ) - means that the respondents

strongly

Disagree to the given item.

Research Procedure

Data collection began with a request for approval from the research

teacher, particularly the head of Pajo National High School (Senior High

Department) on the research study's topic. The research will begin after the

approval has been granted. The initial stage in obtaining data would be to obtain

the respondents' permission to conduct the study. Researchers would next

individually deliver the research instruments to the respondents through in-

person communication in order to acquire numerical or quantitative data.

Assuming the study is complete, the researchers go over the responses of their

respondents. The information provided by the respondents is totally confidential,

and it will not be shared or disseminated to anybody other than the researcher.

The results were tabulated and totaled. The information constituted the

foundation for data analysis and interpretation.

Statistical Treatment of Data

To interpret the date effectively, the researcher will employ the following

statistical treatment. The Percentage and Weighted Mean are the tools used to

interpret data.

Simple Percentage

The demographic profile variables of the respondents were analyzed using

the simple percentage with the following formulas:

P is the percentage

F is the Frequency

N is the total number of respondents

100 is a constant multiplier

Average Weighted Mean

This statistical tool was used to compute the weight of the response in the

questionnaire assigned by the respondents during the actual data gathering

procedure. The formula for the weighted mean is as follows:

X is the weighted mean

F is the frequency

x is the weight of each item

 N is the number of respondents

Sloven’s Formula

A Sloven’s formula is used to calculate the sample size necessary to

achieve a certain confidence interval when sampling a population. This formula is

used when you don’t have enough information about a population’s behavior (or

the distribution of a behavior) to otherwise know the appropriate sample size.

n=N/ (1=Ne^2)

n is the sample size

N is the population size

E is the margin of error

Ethical Considerations

The researcher had taken ethical consideration before conducting the

research that all respondents must be informed and asked for permission first

before interacting with them. The researchers made sure that they did not invade

respondents’ privacy without their permission and did not ask questions that are

personal that can hurt their feelings and made sure that all the corresponding

questions are all present and addressed in the study.

 DEFINITION OF TERMS

The significant terms are hereby operationally defined to give the readers

better and clear understanding of its concepts.

Perception- This pertains to the belief of students regarding on school

uniform. Policy-This deals to the plan of action and it is a way of management.

School Uniforms- In this study, this refers to the distinctive garments

worn by students the uniform that is compulsory for school to wear.

Academic Engagement- This relates on-task behaviors that signal a

serious psychological investment in classworks.

Students- This refer to the Senior High school learners of Pajo National

High School during the academic year of 2022 2023.

 Mandatory - one given a mandate especially a nation holding a mandate

from the League of Nations. Empirical - derived from or guided by experience or

experiment.

Prevalence - the fact that something is very common or happens often.

Neutral - not engaged on either side specifically not aligned with a political

or ideological grouping.

Discrimination - is the act of making unjustified distinctions between

people based on the groups, classes, or other categories to which they belong or

are perceived to belong.

Statistical - of, relating to, based on, or employing the principles of

statistics. Psychological - pertaining to the mind or to mental phenomena as the

subject matter of psychology.

Psychological - pertaining to the mind or to mental phenomena as the

subject matter of psychology.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

The literatures and studies cited in this chapter provide the different

concepts, understandings, generalization or conclusions and different

developments related to the study of the perceptions of students on school

uniform. This serves as researchers' guide in developing their paper. Those that

were also included in this chapter help in familiarizing information relevant and

similar to the present study.

Foreign Studies

According to Gregory (2013) in his research paper entitled "Perceptions of

High School Students of theImpact of School Uniform Policy" students cannot

learn well and are not likely to behave well and negative school environments.
Likewise, teachers will not teach in such environments. In negative school

environment, students rarely experience success in any school aspects

(Cube,2006). These environments do not promote student development in

learning. Negative school environments not only lack mutuality respectful

relationships among students and staff but also, they are not physically or

psychologically safe environments

(Johnson,2009).

Van Acker and Wenby (2000) states that, school uniform policy believes

that requiring students to various school uniforms enhance the learning

environment by increasing academic achievement while minimizing behavioral

problems. They assert that students was on plaster concentrating on

transcription and more time engaging in academics. Students who are

academically successful have little impetus to engage in disruptive behavior such

as fighting bullying and gang activity. Students in effected schools feel that they

are valued participants working toward meaningful goals (Mc Evory and Welker,

2000).

Reynalie Tomas stated that, schools claim that when students come in

uniforms, it improves discipline and leads to academic gains. However, such

mandatory policies that decide what students can or cannot wear to schools,

have led to free speech violations lawsuits. Students allege such policies are

unconstitutional, as they restrict their freedom of expression. A school uniform

policy defines what clothes must be worn to school.

 GreenGarage (2015) stated that, wearing school uniforms is the fact that

all students would looked the same. Those who do not have sufficient means to

buy fashionable and expensive clothing can surely benefit from this, and parents

can also save a bit of money from not having to buy trendy clothes for their

children, school uniforms also show a form of unity at the school, wherein

students wear the same outfits that give them a single identity that distinguishes

them from other school. One aspect that many researchers agree upon is that

introducing a school uniform policy can lower the stress among students who are

struggling with choosing what to wear each day-some of them strive to look in

different way, while others worry about being judged. By wearing a school

uniform, a student may feel proud that they are belongs to a certain school. Just

doing this (especially if it is with a logo) will allow them to talk about their

education with peers and even with other people.

Local Studies

Saira Mae Salvejo et.al, 2018, states that wearing a uniform is a big

obligation as a student because it is a rule or law implemented by a school or

university to identify an institution. It shows orderliness and discipline in following

the rules and policies of the school. Having a uniform is important because it

symbolizes each school whom the students represent.

There are many benefits to wearing a school uniform. They encourage a

sense of belonging and school spirit. By wearing the same uniform, new students

will feel more included and comfortable with their peers. Another benefit of

wearing uniforms is that students are less likely to compare themselves to others.
They help children to dress well for school, school clothes, can help them feel

confident. When children wear school clothes, they feel that they belong to a

certain organization. Outsiders can easily identify which school a child attends.

Some schools have found that uniforms are beneficial, other research has found

that they have little effect (lwvworc.org, 2022).

Myubu.tu 2022, Advocates of school uniforms argue that students pay

more attention in the classroom and behave better if they are not distracted by

fashion. School administrators say the uniforms help eliminate gang-related

styles and logos. They also make it easier to see a stranger on campus.The

tradition began as a way to give schools a sense of identity and unity. School

uniforms are meant to bring equality to students regardless of their parents'

wealth, says the BBC. In the past few years, uniforms have become more

modern. Some research shows that when schools implement a consistent policy,

it improves grades, while it reduces tardiness, skipped classes and suspensions.

A study showed that 70% of principals believe that mandatory school uniforms

have reduced disciplinary problems in their schools.