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SP4403
DESCRIPTION
The SP4403 is a high voltage output DC-AC inverter specifically designed to drive
electroluminescent lamps to backlight liquid crystal displays, keypads, and backlit readouts
used in battery operated portable equipment. The SP4403 will operate from a +2.2V to +4.5V
battery source. The device features a low power shutdown mode which draws less than
100nA (typical), ideal for low power portable products. One external inductor is required to
generate the high voltage AC output. One external resistor is used to select the internal
oscillator frequency. The SP4403 is ideal for portable applications such as cellular phones,
PDAs, and other portable applications using LCDs in dim or low light environments. The
SP4403 is offered in 8 pin µSOIC packages.
VBATT
ROSC D1
1N4148*
COIL 3 6 VDD 450kΩ ROSC
8 7
CINT
EL1 4 5 EL2 C1
0.1µF
C2
10nF 2 4 5
CINT
1800pF *
EL Lamp
*optional device
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The information furnished herein by Sipex has been carefully reviewed
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS for accuracy and reliability. Its application or use, however, is solely the
These are stress ratings only and functional operation responsibility of the user. No responsibility for the use of this information
of the device at these ratings or any other above those is assumed by Sipex, and this information shall not explicitly or implicitly
become part of the terms and conditions of any subsequent sales
indicated in the operation sections of the specifications agreement with Sipex. Specifications are subject to change without
below is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum prior notice. By the sale or transfer of this information, Sipex assumes
rating conditions for extended periods of time may no responsibility for any infringement of patents or other rights of third
parties which may result from its use. No license or other proprietary
affect reliability. rights are granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or
patent rights of Sipex Corporation.
Power Supply, VBATT.............................................7.0V
Input Voltages, ELEN (pin 1)........-0.5V to (VDD+0.5V)
Lamp Outputs..................................................250VPP
Operating Temperature.......................-40˚C to +85˚C
Storage Temperature........................-65˚C to +150˚C
SPECIFICATIONS
VBATT = 3.0V, TAMB = 25˚C, L1 = 470µH/3.9Ω, ROSC = 450kΩ, CLAMP = 6.8nF, CINT = 1800pF, C1 = 0.1µF, and C2 = 10nF unless otherwise noted.
INDUCTOR DRIVE
EL LAMP OUTPUT
EL Lamp Frequency, fLAMP 320 400 500 Hz VDD = VCOIL = 2.2V to 4.5V
Peak to Peak Output Voltage, VPP 150 190 VDD = VCOIL = +3.0V
VPP
180 210 VDD = VCOIL = +4.5V
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PINOUT
ELEN 1 8 ROSC
VSS 2 SP4403 7 CINT
COIL 3 6 VDD
EL1 4 5 EL2
PIN ASSIGNMENTS
Pin 1 — ELEN — Electroluminescent Lamp Pin 6 — VDD — Positive Battery Power Supply.
Enable. When driven HIGH, this input pin Connect such that +2.2V < VDD < +4.5V.
enables the EL driver output EL1 and EL2
(pins 4 and 5, respectively) to the EL lamp. Pin 7 — C INT — Integrator Capacitor.
An Integrator Capacitor (470pF typical)
Pin 2 — V SS — Power Supply Common. connected from this pin to ground filters out
Connect to the lowest circuit potential, any coil switching spikes or ripple present
typically ground. in the outer waveform to the EL lamp.
Connecting a fast recovery diode from
Pin 3 — COIL — Coil. The inductor for the COIL (pin 3) to this input pin increases the
EL lamp is connected from VBATT to this light output of the EL lamp.
input pin.
Pin 8 — ROSC — Oscillator Resistor. Connecting
Pin 4 — EL1 — Electroluminescent Lamp. This a 450kΩ resistor to this input pin sets the
is a lamp driver output pin to connect to the frequency of the internal clock.
EL lamp.
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DESCRIPTION A total of only six external components are
required for the standard operation of the
The SP4403 contains a DC-AC inverter that SP4403: an inductor, a fast recovery diode,
can produce an AC output of 180VPP from a three capacitors and a resistor. A diagram of the
+2.2V to +4.5V input voltage. An internal block SP4403 in a typical application can be found
diagram of the SP4403 can be found in Figure 1. in Figure 2.
VBATT
L1
470µH
SP4403
3 COIL
D1
1N4148*
7 CINT
VDD
6
CINT
ROSC SCR1 SCR2 1800pF*
450kΩ
ROSC 8 OSC fCOIL
C1 C2
0.1µF 10nF
fLAMP
Q
FF7
Q
fLAMP
1 2 4 5
VSS EL1 EL2
ELEN
EL Lamp
*optional device
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This approach is large and bulky, and cannot be
implemented in most hand held equipment. VBATT
Sipex now offers low power single chip driver
circuits specifically designed to drive small to
medium sized electroluminescent panels.
All that is required for the EL driver circuitry is ELEN 1
L1
an external inductor and an external capacitor. SP4403
470µH
VDD COIL
6 3
The SP4403 is a DC-AC inverter made up of: EL=1/2LIP2 where IP, to the first approximation,
1. The Oscillator/Frequency Divider, 2. The is the product IP = (tON)(VBATT - VCE)/L),
Coil, and 3. The Switched H-bridge Network. where tON is the time it takes for the coil to reach
Further details of each element follow. its peak current, VCE is the voltage drop across
the internal NPN switch transistor, and L is the
The Oscillator/Frequency Divider inductance of the coil. When the NPN transistor
The oscillator provides the SP4403 with an switch is off, the energy is forced through an
on-chip clock used to control the coil switch internal diode which drives the switched H-
(fCOIL) and the H-bridge network (fLAMP and fLAMP). bridge network. This energy recovery is directly
Although the oscillator frequency can be varied related to the brightness of the EL lamp output.
to optimize the lamp output, the ratio of fCOIL/ There are many variations among coils; magnetic
fLAMP will always equal 128. material differences, winding differences and
parasitic capacitances. For suggested coil
Figure 1 shows the oscillator output driving the suppliers, refer to Page 7.
coil and the output of the oscillator with 7 flip
flops driving the lamp. The suggested oscillator The fCOIL signal controls a switch that connects
frequency is 50kHz (ROSC = 450kΩ) for fCOIL. the end of the coil at pin 3 to ground or to open
The oscillator output is internally divided down circuit. The fCOIL signal is a 90% duty cycle
by 7 flip flops to create a second internal control signal switching at the oscillator frequency,
signal at 390Hz for fLAMP. 50kHz. During the time when the fCOIL signal is
HIGH, the coil is connected from VBATT to ground
The Coil and a charged magnetic field is created in the
The supply VBATT can range from +2.2V to coil. When the fCOIL signal is LOW, the ground
+4.5V. VBATT should not exceed the maximum connection is switched open, the field collapses,
coil current specification. The majority of the and the energy in the inductor is forced to flow
current goes through the coil and is typically toward the high voltage H-bridge switches.
much greater than IDD. fCOIL will send an array of charge pulses (see
Figure 4) to the lamp. Each pulse increases the
The coil is an external component connected voltage drop across the lamp in discrete steps.
from VBATT to pin 3 of the SP4403. Energy is As the voltage potential approaches its maximum,
stored in the coil according to the equation the steps become smaller (see Figure 3).
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The Switched H-Bridge Network A designer may change the output waveform to
The H-bridge consists of two SCR structures a square wave by using a 0.1µF capacitor (shown
that act as high voltage switches. These two in Figure 2) at CINT (pin 13).
switches control the polarity of how the lamp is
charged. The SCR switches are controlled by Printed Circuit Board Layout Suggestions:
the fLAMP signal which is the oscillator frequency The SP4403's high-frequency operation makes
divided by 128. For a 50kHz oscillator, the 7 flip PC layout important for minimizing ground
flops will drive fLAMP= 390Hz. bounce and noise. Keep the IC's GND pin and
the ground leads of C1 and CINT in Figure 2 less
When the energy from the coil is released, a high than 0.2in (5mm) apart. Also keep the
voltage spike is created triggering the SCR connections to L1 (pin 3) as short as possible.
switches. The direction of current flow is To maximize output power and efficiency and
determined by which SCR is enabled. One full minimize output ripple voltage, use a ground
cycle of the H-bridge will create 128 voltage plane and solder the IC's VSS (pin 2) directly to
steps from ground to 80V (typical) on EL1 and the ground plane.
EL2 (pins 4 and 5, respectively) which are 180
degrees out of phase from each other (see EL Lamp Driver Design Challenges
Figure 5). A differential representation of the There are many variables which can be optimized
output is shown in Figure 6. for specific applications. The amount of light
emitted is a function of the voltage applied to the
Fine Tuning Performance lamp, the frequency at which it is applied, the
Circuit performance of the SP4403 can be lamp material, the lamp size, and the inductor
improved with some of the following used. Sipex supplies characterization charts to
suggestions: aid the designer in selecting the optimum circuit
configuration (see Figures 7 to 14).
Increase EL Lamp Light Output: By
connecting a fast recovery diode from COIL Sipex will perform customer application
(pin 3) to CINT (pin 7), the internal diode of the evaluations, using the customer's actual EL
switched H-bridge network is bypassed resulting lamp to determine the optimum operating
in an increase in light output at the EL lamp. conditions for specific applications. For
We suggest a fast recovery diode, such as the customers considering an EL backlighting
industry standard 1N4148, be used for D1. This solution for the first time, Sipex is able to offer
circuit connection can be found in Figure 2. retrofitted solutions to the customer's existing
LED or non-backlit product for a thorough
Square Wave Output Waveform to the EL electrical and cosmetic evaluation. Please
Lamp: A 470pF capacitor at CINT (pin13) will contact your local Sales Representative for Sipex
act as an integrating capacitor, filtering out any or the Sipex factory directly to initiate this
coil switching spikes or ripple in the output valued service.
waveform to the EL lamp (shown if Figure 1).
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Coil Manufacturers
7
VPEAK=80V (typical)
Figure 4. Voltage Pulses Released from the Coil to the EL Driver Circuitry
EL1 Output
EL2 Output
EL1 Output
VPP=160V
(typical)
EL2 Output
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The following performance curves are intended to give the designer a relative scale from which to optimize
specific applications. Absolute measurements may vary depending upon the brand of components chosen.
600
500
FREQUENCY (KHz)
400
300
200
100
0
49.9 102.0 200.0 301.0 402.0 499.0 604.0 715.0 806.0 909.0 1000.0
RESISTANCE (KΩ)
60
50
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
40
30
20
10
0
200 301 402 511 604 715 806
Rosc (KΩ)
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SP4403: OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. Rosc, VDD=3.0V, L=470uH (4.9 OHMS),
250.0
200.0
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VPK-PK)
150.0
100.0
50.0
0.0
200 301 402 511 604 715 806
Rosc (KΩ)
200.0
180.0
160.0
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VPK-PK)
140.0
120.0
100.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 5.0
LAMP SIZE (SQ-IN)
Figure 10. Output Voltage vs Lamp Size, VDD=3.0V, ROSC=450kΩ, Coil=470µH, 4.9Ω
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SP4403: BRIGHTNESS VS. Rosc, VDD=3.0V, L=470uH (4.9 OHMS),
5
BRIGHTNESS (FtLm)
0
200 301 402 511 604 715 806
Rosc (KΩ)
8.00
7.00
6.00
BRIGHTNESS (Ft-Lm)
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 5.0
LAMP SIZE (SQ-IN)
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SP4403: SUPPLY CURRENT VS. LAMP SIZE, VDD=3V, L=470uH
35
30
25
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
20
15
10
0
1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 5.0
LAMP SIZE (SQ-IN)
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All package dimensions in inches
8-pin µSOIC
0.0256 12.0˚
BSC ±4˚
0.012 0.008
±0.003
0.0965 0˚ - 6˚
±0.003 0.006
R .003 ±0.006
0.006
0.118 ±0.006
±0.004 0.16
±0.003
0.116 0.034
±0.004 ±0.004
0.116
0.040 ±0.004
±0.003
0.013
±0.005
0.004 0.118
0.118 ±0.002 ±0.004
±0.004
Pkg. min qty per reel std qty per reel max qty per reel
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ORDERING INFORMATION
Model Temperature Range Package Type
SP4403EU . ............................................ -40˚C to +85˚C ......................................... 8-Pin µSOIC
SP4403UEB ........................................................................................................ Evaluation Board
Please consult the factory for pricing and availability on a Tape-On-Reel option.
Corporation
Headquarters and
Sales Office
22 Linnell Circle
Billerica, MA 01821
TEL: (978) 667-8700
FAX: (978) 670-9001
e-mail: sales@sipex.com
Sales Office
233 South Hillview Drive
Milpitas, CA 95035
TEL: (408) 934-7500
FAX: (408) 935-7600
Sipex Corporation reserves the right to make changes to any products described herein. Sipex does not assume any liability arising out of the
application or use of any product or circuit described hereins; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others.
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