224 FIGURE 24-1 Post-ensioned Sab Reinforced with (routed Tendons, Ready to Receive Concrete wsisria Post-Tonsioned Buildings 4 astressingjaks and ‘& agrouemixer and pump (fr bonded systems). There aretwo types of post tensioning tendons: “un bonded” and “bonded” als referred to as “grouted™ IWatendon isto be unbonded, the prestresing steel {coated with acorreson inhibiting grease, andthen encased ina plastic sheathing. The grease minimizes the retionatstressing and in combination with the “sheathing provides longterm protection the ste. Ifa tendon isto be bonded, the strands are placed inside a duct that vl be presse injected with aco tmentitious grout afer the strands are stressed. The trout bonds the prestresing steel to the surround ing concrete and also provides corrosion protection to the stool. The two tendon systems differ widely in design, construction and response tothe applied load However both canbe designed and constructed tomeet the code, or design-stiplated serviceability and safety requirements Figures 24-4 shows the components ofan unbonded post tensioning system. The reference [Keley, 2003] Aiscuses the componentsofanunbonded:endon in. — | ‘eta. Figure 24-5 isa schematic view ofan unbonded ten Gon that extends through a construction Joint. The figureshows adead end anchorage, an anchorage for intermediate stressing, and the anchorage for stress Post-Tensioning FIGURE 24-4 Components ofan Unbonded Post. Tensioning System e140) (0) Pestiensoned slab sitgome fm gone ae = a Tuedentaseeby sede ssi Sau ery 225 Figure 247 shows examples of typlal anchorage devices used in sla system construction 2.41 Prestressng Stee! Virwally all prestressing steel currently used in bulling constriction is in the form of seven-wire stand (Fup 24.11), Strand is avalable ina range ‘of nominal diameters and several strength grades The two most common strand diameters are 0.5 in (1227 rm} al 0.6 in (15.2 mm). Hallinch (12.7 ‘m) strand is prefered by most installers fr bull ing construction; its ightr and more flexible, and thus easier to place Ie is also more economical for {hin slabs (15 In; 100 to 130 mm sab thickness), ‘where the design i governed by the minimum spac FIGURE 24-2 Post-Tensioned Slab Reinforced with ing athe slab edge. The intermediate stressing can (2 Detas of post ening tendon ‘Unbonded Tendons Ready to Receve Concrete alsotake place with spelt couplers. Te interme: (Courtesy of GRANDISTRUCTURE SSL Nay-P142)—— inte anchorage allows the tendon tobe stressed at the construction join after the concret forte ist — Slab segment has gained suiient strength. Long tendons are often stressed at intermediate anchor tages to avoid excessive prestress losses due to Fc ton during stressing, Tendons longer than a speriic Teneth! must be stressed at both ends unless they are stressed a¢ an Intermediate anchorage. When tendons are stressed atboth ends, each end wil have S stressing-end anchor (aso referred to as live or seiveend anchor) FIGURE 24-5 Assembly of Unbonded Mono Strand Post Tensioning System Figure 2446 shows a slab being constructed with bonded tendons. The two box-like structures near the center of the pleture, referred to as stressing pans, il eeate Bloc-outs to provide access tothe trond for stressing, The tendons terminating these block outs are partiaHength tendons that do notextendall the way tothe slab edge (0) Dead end anchorage of aft duct (P1488) FIGURE 24-3 Mult-Strind Construction fora Department Store, Dubal fell (courte ofrepsine Gal PL) 1 se eston 487 FIGURE 24-6 Groute System Construction in Progress KPA) FIGURE 24-7 Stressing and Dead End Examples of a Flat Duct Grouted System