JUMe) TIM aeok en eee CN Chez) THERMODYNAMICS SURROUNDINGS Nan ae a , Soon ; ey y SYSTEMTHERMODYNAMICS Thegmopynwames (T+) P:85 @ The brawch of Atdiemwe in which we ou eloouk heat Arowater ok owe Tria the branch of Adene ulich deals with Asystevn Property , energy 1 tM trams Non Lenni its ef proceny ar WT eaehum y eritena of equal bviuen ond extent of peachon ebe+ General terms — ce uviverse Under Cont dentin em = The part Sucroundivg Rear por rah News eae a 5 iw Acparabes a Mie . Roum da way be real 2 Aucounds : } : mon BAVA adtatermic eae vie ; a aoe Sak miter =r &) me er ae a bat aed wat trawrter EY NY) Aintrermie CSO" ae bounda igo am ApS ac « ern ( ; ss Tres of 4% hem Cam tuerarge matter an well La ee Averownding ° AySrem — per ye Jee a 2 am = matter BM $0 AUFto ne emery cloAed nore = Can Excharge en but mot mater ont ave Auomiasy, 2m =o A UFO 1 Can not GrChavpe Mater ay Tholated Aysrem — taoth AA emer WR Vee Surtrmunding Smso0 SU=0 9g Rasayanam Tower, Opp. Jwalapur Railway Station, Haridwar, 249407 RE® fo ® tee Lae ae Le VA OHS ih wa ow Sh) SH aT i mah wane Re er WR eA oH A eS Feels ey a a af Ra ee aor A oe — AVA lear, &richvow lem § ae 3 5a sae p> Schure pe ay ant ay -af} ie ey Ayton Store Vadables + Apter 3A described rare a popes er Calted Ara Van alles hoo e4 = pack mag BS 5. Eich De pends evAve property (CF aw stra =H i panne en of ane ae ov & ee - Aue divided amd ut property aye cha then TWA pety SA calved “ Ce ne, = marr ,V, Vig Ay £4 & heat Caper TrkewMve Proper nes Ch ae ax ot srsbane Protens - ee iA Comatont Theo phe proces =O) per, a of oa wd Tao choric Proce - yolwme 1S Covarant Yeo va Abe pee. Shove Yo Me we Svzo ordv=o A abate process - wo keat eras, behseen fee omd Aucoin ding q =o is Wrove Cc cyere_f Procems - om Ayer underquen a Aerita Bbapenomeee® ond ot Cometh boek ty orignal Brome. te — iA called YOMe procens —— oo mo {yess ‘ eP=o bub ht mot Sacther mal i : . nr bane tA chore procens ‘ om Cie, Ko Thy YA Cydee Lavvrerrnah aes a 9 Rasayanam Tower, Opp. Jwalapur Railway Station, Haridwar, 249407 ReTHERMODYNAMICS RerevAible pret as — A proceAs iA Ard to be © CeverArble ut Ayre owd eon + Cam bem seAored to “Ahete (wRa) Aral by TererA} Ake dice of Process = 6 Terrerer Able pworens Pr proces whore Aicedior comma be revered Areal’ ewarges in variables 14 \reeverMle peodeas . Pas force A mmauds de erent tron eppoal ey: 4 A\on» x ay 2 oe = Pony ae Reversible proce S&e\ Find c ap ia sean se Yai? eran Ha He zea RL GE drotont He Bar Si premuce Aowne : ai A Premure STAM 3 -ag_ ierevertm ble Say : relaty Commprem proce™ x Pa ad) fai ge Jone ds 4 p xa owas Qremus! A a AWrtyrot Th mir exre eae ro Sat (ee Garvey a TE mE Ss Comatomt exreemal Premure nee 2 grotens Sererevha De ay ms Oe =O ae Sek a or Revevarwe. procead quom areBealty 2¥at 2 see md acceler’ ow on p TAtom- oem TH eT 3 pochules BAY ak, {nt1or5 \ [RexeArere Compresrion) (Erveversie Compremioy EeeverAtle. prose? BBL aber = oreo as SE Se x ur wne wt AY 2? Bs try of sf ac aseverAdswle pretens sere aan aoe Bry “aguas: StaT carry" AAAT man he packde 2 Staay ery 1 9 Rasayanam Tower, Opp. Jwalapur Railway Station, Haridwar, 249407 Ree Commront FAA agasrnatrTHERMODYNAMICS Gate funchon - A reeasurable properly of aie dopend on inital omd Lima) a of evn awd - ast depend pom a Pets Be ws how er sd ore Atos amrother ne Sons Gey fay aE s a = re volue of Pal Lumedo~ 14 not oy OR a a ee 4, but “elno depend ov pot De hewn For Seample WeaT & WORK fac eae ord mt Aq ao 92d, “Heat A worK oF A sistem ay Ogee ie! leone on ae Bast a =a) ayes aa Sh Atak ZB ea Bei ow eo wth TH weleane Fon Be ar vm dab & gall es Me TRH eV LAA e aC ay, pout Fon Onyecr a ar Sh ae Keot ak e af Ayton AS heed Ee enre behseew ape iS eB, aka (Bere Wor ~ ENERGY) yew Bh NTA =e . a — En y SMe ppryg) Ba a se aer ce t VAVAN L . 2 Arervown avg, aan a xe dé 9 Rasayanam Tower, Opp. Jwalapur Railway Station, Haridwar, 249407 ReBH erergy Se ee ae © Tse Ayton a Aucrounm dt ay Ba Od ference wee Ree im es Bee = aes AT Am trowater “BAS BS AM AH tenn od _ om T onat ar Asie 7 UE exch neat 2 ENERGY EXCHANGE KeTWwEecN ad ea el system £ SvRROUP DING De Te “T DIF FERESCE iy CALLED FL Septem ay ‘pou doy are PRS ait Ae a “Fan BLewING ~ Ales \ ) Faw Teckanicn nit Electrical wot Extmi- work is as quabs Foes Aenea werk — > (oe Yo neal . Rub heak iA lisa quels form Q gy Meat ee loo % wok a feelings r fooe awiy wht fae oa IF enn claw * Feel 2 9g Rasayanam Tower, Opp. Jwalapur Railway Station, Haridwar, 249407 ReTHERMODYNAMICS a Sum of alk tetnd en Fes aAMowalbed usik kee AyStem tA Colled imtecnal ea Cx Uo: (e+ Vee ene) 0 Ze TKe= travsbobow Ke 5 ; vig = Vibrattomal ike epee? ye ee ceovetionel Fe ute 5 vatermmolecular forces Me = Pobewhal neg G a Ore OR WRLC venclatee, ry CDs = AU (aa exchange ab constant volume Umaer taster mal Condittews 4T=0 , SUSE s DU = Rim CT-N Covrrcamed later) under tip thermal Conditions TL =T7, , Stes o SaV=H0 x ee Gmait random motion = Sea sq mer mall ew oma aaat zeA¥ page A eps Cates ath fone or aA To 40 Peeves = GT FP Ry erampe am_ Gra wae HSER sesh U aet aar erie sete Ane See e Ae Toile en —_ i SU= +400 “Fin ear tims 2 So = TyPES OF SOVIUIGEW 5 © Tecra ually f Femperstoce ares Jae ray Qsieew son Pig Meeecl epm — Epuallly pre cess (3 Mehedal_~em - See chermial ™ TY all olowe 2 Pm are ertabl \we . Theva AZHerm {A IM Acue thermodynamic gui beium 9g Rasayanam Tower, Opp. Jwalapur Railway Station, Haridwar, 249407 Reae Gosh ly of Marmeiyranicd © —+ =o cera on = concept of Prev mal Pe A Gees. 1 thermal eprn BLG Gee yr Wrecrnal Cem then Ae coh alta ke im thermal equibbriven Cegm) : feel, ca oe ere, ne ee de OE cam BB ee eh Thermometers aka 64 he pace rie Lee, # Heat abAsord: ba the oe Aytrem save ~ Weok veltoned oy ee the aug wel sees PH Se pen €y “ ae Céxpavaton) we ve F £ pov Ate D 9 ~xve -w wee dove oOo” Tre We | MeL CCommpretiions ane Fem eS HVE Seay = Cin Sa Gas a of HenDerornied ComAtrveaton m+ is eel 3 ~ ee prind ple eps of ere : es = ose atecval oe re em aes tA Aupplied the Ay? te + it be UTE {mternal © of 2 TA dowe, om ire Apdhoa = Ree WNT i cherral enecos Al Unaneem 9g Rasayanam Tower, Opp. Jwalapur Railway Station, Haridwar, 249407 BREOma ci Yee bro 4 Cond trvedion Of Ome y ® Oia Uipw Tet Cee ee. = a1 {a0 = Troe cheniany WH Be “izes Kear VY Qo . ropa tag om a E\s 1 tow ft complete foe aed | ay, ages te & Ge claw mH fee hor | Head e fled tA obterved When Ae uel oS Syed Se becomes bot epplain 7 : cL: i = Oh: biuelernias oie Pres er Tyre af 4 : d shaw ire: cle tbe Par yee ia The Cane adia bat c com pot SOW re Y=o + Soe eee CCommyaee At Om D = a Re 8 thermediynorn'e> Ave i+ S. te Question - 1A bieyele Ve valve act. = ~— = we ue T ) As 4) BO: Srertates 1 OT alae) seas . Wr oe cae i = Work /Pv-Work JMechanical carn TH A the world done Whew a expands or Contra cs against epternal premure C uswall - ahmen preric re" ) . Suppose > is fed Nw aw cyteder SGWed wll) Rehlens and morsted piste awd uvdecqoen A chawye trom Vi Civ’ Kal volume) Lo VE Chl volume) 9g Rasayanam Tower, Opp. Jwalapur Railway Station, Haridwar, 249407 Bea Anca ca)Dis pace ment sat a3 = Preamune % OMA = Forre x _ BSplace memt — Is KR din placement wk= V2 pA Kol = Pore ON BA WE WE Comventions ae fs =i & ee wu By | expre AALon SB —ve A 1 Toh — Pry, OV Cex Cv f Wr Ayre Comm pre Atiom te ww clone 7 iw ~~ VE oN” 5) So ON, ae = -Ve ws lla 6 a) 7 ~ve <~ve We Ayitew E+ pawsion ve Wowk dove e = are =+M Ny SNe So BGS pe ae = —Perxy CVE) so -Vve Laut er oe ri » thidipy_2- ae ser en Go 5 } aa denvyatton ET" -_ 2 Therma dyrarnics a yt qa} anu jeom Or CVE es ea peng Sl efined ars cs Vv nteslty: am nr val Ape ON, ty Ferd changer 10 ee eee OTe ve wt Hee etn al be e Chee O° TTT — © ASA [LP | gas Weak om = bela eem Ayttem omwd Av reoundin ole Cragront prerswra and” volumes are f te AW av seopebvey be Jy-4U , Zp =an Ss ef? @ Com alto be ssispiel e : 9g Rasayanam Tower, Opp. Jwalapur Railway Station, Haridwar, 249407 RETHERMODYNAMICS Equation (S) Com be mediGed for chemical © Sea 3° Reactant —— Product MAY nL Ove owe Acarce. + Avppted heat 15 used a ag nas mechamiaal week, ‘aa sanginy Chae + GE Ey ak Comat Premure Proce gee Cronpase a volume fiom Vv oe V and roses VIA Tm penahire re + ty Th) teem from fv enn T 9 Rasayanam Tower, Opp. Jwalapur Railway Station, Haridwar, 249407 ReTHERMODYNAMICS ie eC ee Gee Oat Pen.) = RECT any aie Aa = = etree ee wool Lea] = Wee hence from: Com = Oxi Awek 5 Cpe Sire ie oc city? jomidlg 1 405 wr aloouk Memicity +3 ln 4 aod present in aw parbeuler Ae He, ae We eee Jae Noe Co Ni | Ob -- Diahmic ge 4a uy Po\y ahymic gr 4- ag Coy Say cfu Mors cig VY =166 ie See COE | Spec he heck And molar heal Capacitier Proven = 1 ak Comdbont preure of ages are 9 £ 26 Kby lol coed pechiv ely y The oA. vad Cs fe NO eae a é mol = Cam — 26 _ wee ces Cam > ce ae we 4 ab covd}ont volume q Prsrrew~ = op eens ee ; 7 ran ol 0 a a eae 0 te reli econes “ px cAew \~ on : : ‘ Cc f molwt Rtv = lo RF UTS = 2G) perm) uae : 9 Rasayanam Tower, Opp. Jwalapur Railway Station, Haridwar, 249407 Re he aah tsa ve We eo Ke healA = Cam = See Cum Provlem — 2 Fe wevoahwe 4) Spec Pe Weak ab ComAtant volume omd consbent preMure are 9162 Onl wa col { nn wth peed dy Lind abornte Gy ond. Yo}, WI ‘ao Y= Com = Molvk 2CP Ce ONS hig vy Mo) wt *Cv ov TEs hence BIRLRD Xalbowi cw Cm — Cy = Zz eae a he O52) ee (¢e-&r) ae wae = (o2s ) fe mo) Wt = Bb ww aprer 2X Work ‘one in n_digsevent Cos Cases ; ae Coen, can curve im x diagromm TA Caled Wood " me he ea = ane = 6 . 4 ® Worle ae e in chemiad veachom _ cae —epey = —Pee CWE ED ae 7 réaction 14 a Vane Sie aie at COA We er G ah 2 >) Carved ow ab w= i Cay RT cosAtant 12 0) sect Oe lol eae iw closed ve Mel avzo Thus in opem vemel “= Degen uggenen amen = Ces = ee aie as aa oo aa eee 9g Rasayanam Tower, Opp. Jwalapur Railway Station, Haridwar, 249407 ReOmmaTT I® work done in ay le choric pracens Oo Javed AS OM une = —lerpe xO =D iG \ Aten Under the Came © a S xX y =el Saja welt =o © Lod adore im iAebane proces aN ieamca pment ae aa venQT ee eee alee () 3 Chak a e a Pox (tf we ame (a2) O.-%) Pe Ee Zh tr ae ei ep thse ie. Vaeao er ee barns a 9g Rasayanam Tower, Opp. Jwalapur Railway Station, Haridwar, 249407 RETHERMODYNAMICS ® Work done _m_Isotherwal process — Case-I Taetrecwal revevimble er 7 Ge os, (ay Pray = Pere : = anes = AS iQ. a = Cee Oe cu proce ro AQ =o “ . ‘ = -URT C dv 2 -AVlogV ES = — Pine “Sav = et . (iy 2. PS snail os Mae ae) 7 loa “OT Ne 2 LS ee ae = under jaokkecamal cond’ om Pat “a0 — 2Bo3NAT a J &) cuse- Taoteervvel irceversible free eppardsion ughem evparslon oecurs im Vaccum tRen Tb 1A Cova dtred a fru eepamsion ve Cen =o ia = wile dv = Oe AV = 2, Bye jastrecrenel pre cea eT =o ale 2 tfroee MO tae ef Phersenedynmmses au = 9 +9 Veoreve ble ¢rpaw Jum oyedwat nis WHO AN A AP A Anevrrrak Verevey Core Tao ¥ =" covarant ervtrevnal premuy @ = Ny) = ea (ee, oct Wwe eo CVD * C : = Co =— Pere ( A, a 1 an x et, een lene VAR et Bae Covi dey mechanicd ep Caduw ve Cen =. = -wn = we a4, CF . ) ® Werk done im_adiahahe Orses vy = Caveiant C for adtabahe ~ceverM le emule at (aneaMmra Tel proce) 9g Rasayanam Tower, Opp. Jwalapur Railway Station, Haridwar, 249407 RETHERMODYNAMICS £ Ra eS eas Get ears ric (7) Gy os Sum a bce, = Oy S Case -1 lorntadone in adinhahe ever be protey a 2 ea for adiabake preteys Gg =o Ss. adrninodtie fre 24 Parno~ Cose = Lowe done : a e Cim Vaccum) Rey Do Se eer OV a a | Fr adialsabe — proces 4-0 a», frm) baie ay Ge ao =e wae ‘ 2 =p sity ee OE = MECC ayy CHWS, ae 1 So As, a cy en ees =o Caye -0 Lome clone ihn Ads aboods : . ; , 3 - keen mC eMuce expomeies aaggcival. Cora anhier tenis Shae Wien = eri uae oleae Pei (MBS 2 «onli cE — Dew OU — ae . ch TE Sen & YY At onAsder Mechomidal €pm jie 0 ae ave we = 9g Rasayanam Tower, Opp. Jwalapur Railway Station, Haridwar, 249407 ReTHERMODYNAMICS numer Cala Gs) vepredmmiahon aft B35 °\ AG ae SH BY clan FES \ Grete! A-mount of Weak ak “or aoe yw The chemicah sseacton tcher abl the ‘peoehuntA and Produ, ace warmtained at Came demperchice omel Premuce ee ee produts — 2 Sntholp a a a % comes 4 GT, = ateeackon “Tse Sypes of chemical ccachovs Soin Selo. iGeadiow in” Bisel head 4 wreltored ale Lith We format on of Prmduda {A called eoThermic veadions Tr 5h nen e poand WA always emer Yron Trot @ ve See ons ore poiudh 2, exothermic Teodor ace awe Areb\e- — 2-2 KT abe A re KF /mo) or Nast Sh AM = —92-2 2 KS Snactreemic Reoeiows kg ae i Alien heot 15 abAvioed yy Whe wenchonts fm pu Auccwo~ & TK Se ene ors dnek iD alongs OD greater tenn ) Anak Me my ebebant dn, + 1°. tO Aue + FSS Pray Ce OY, 2 SERCD = Bollea 3) Bs Product Cia seeackhanl- Pot: ae Energy - Feackant Enc Praus “Od = 7 3 (Exctheewse ) CEndorher mic? 9g Rasayanam Tower, Opp. Jwalapur Railway Station, Haridwar, 249407THERMODYNAMICS Factors oe geet ceteie: “Catsce) Bc) ie q, ~reockomt owl prsdud i: aber Semen . -- eh . Comadsk ov tue He 3 aA ov, ayo = (POY Eien (Produ) (or endo) iw Covsr\der The Aiiosivg 2 eample Belge 2h, came fh, equation Ahld be Nic tetcnOas gqncts eek oA Men Ske eo a Ae Sot ted talaitons 5 : % A which we ace Ate babow 14 Covet fv en tat who on of shy 4 nha CT 200%) (2. oe at = Se, Loe le, +h oe Ay Men 1, ae ee y 2 Co) by) wert ht ele 9g Rasayanam Tower, Opp. Jwalapur Railway Station, Haridwar, 249407 RE