_ Oe 3 : - " eB = — cae) EI WT oS | ah Kea 22 Z ae NERC TN ait = ( Tbsoduelion Jo biochemical Engg a Hi best -txomsfer. eapWolion, fox lbrochernita) Apso , AdexGlizaon , fittyahorn £ th i an 2 as i et | Liulngaccall= cell she —boaieabuclune : Smid ss ge Feenchional Ting. ongoism —livigg. etm -vosyying. Dasiga 2 Anolwsia. “af “Bio ~ Sendo - | -mAize bub hey asié aU mde Up oF Celks fa = Par -Sesrteate 2B choadendieation of diferent | tmscellulan axgonam. The cel i dhe Oxyjon a8 an bicsteaclax’ . Batch & combina? eaidhasus; fubdian , + OngGomAms _ gues. in: Complexity. The Celi imcsented Z _csTR & tao seactonn _ fenobice: Anacrcbic in Tumbet & Aimilon cells aggste abo Hague | i % osgems sith Apecobred fimclion. The shape = : ral Aerobic £ amaxcbic Rementolion pwwner oF cel i% Ablained by ik function - The dice of ~~ | Vinonufackine of rucvobial Pioduds ag. cuits. ceth 12 delenmined by" dhe oplmusm climemsion , 4 alcohol [ire ele. ule OF immobilized enzyme & dhod uaill enable. ete perform it8 duties mote” yolole Chis fon treuthdal “procul. effectively The. hasan” body i cmpoied oF Q __ j - 4+ euntkiple “oF apeciolizea iaverudhich in FU _ _ ae Consist of vost. clustere af cell | cliffexemdabed into | é Apeciglized chemical factory Potobeing @ Jowerce 2 imosgemiC -motetial to ‘odlan te Bi hota astqematops :— tahich Use Light od ine ‘one & seduced astganic madiouel 40 bois shes dood chemical af ji fiusk Ayablthize all jhe chemical needed 4 petode - rmainttin £ seepuoduce all uhe Comments Akembial chevnical of Life ane fe <~ The oyganusm + re owdheh = Ule Cotgumic Lagema -O2kernd {stops — Uahicl Hg emicol ant emengy AACE as vod] AS eck food . OGL _OF faily Os x oth Fo pwn, ve rst exyI Sion “AGI, “Wade bub ase rcdul ~ i Tmosganic Fohuen , Example of Lipida:— cavkting“ail, wuller A vtubbet f Gh ~Helatstol > cage —s PIdA os stich fa Tipit. ib famep os aoa . ailgheist fostraulct Conlon ) Ort C GaHa2Or) after tydnolpis dhe fowm — 4000 mY memoracchoudes, Heian gem 1g l i i icles : - Sugjan Cony i rechranicled : dere axe | . & we elected fF she Aame Vou ot | mpmosecchoxddes init by giycoscting \ kage ec - ely 9 value ¢ - bailogic ia bi Plo op heist cof, Cutan y's [« CaM.) they fay Hed “marecchanider pee rt cays) AU Seatwelute. OF PIAA: — chenvically. bpd. ang. dhe vealet ier os, glysouder OF fadlf Acid Kd tk made yp of “ gtotee ynalecules folly Acid Lane molecules of glysseel classificeivon of lipicls tu - k into “doe goup! ‘ie oe Biryple Lipid ~~ compound Lipid Nestivadh ve. iid dein Qerorad -forimuta, 1 - ela Aimple Sipid :- Thetes ase cou ot Ady vesiow. alohols - fast example oH es 6 tetue faty 2 Waxeg, Ae valve of ik Aypically, 122 20 Fab & GIA, © Folly acid ais ie bailegial Aust on =e = compound Lipid compamd Lipids Hyd HO} OC (cHedn, CH Chyo-8= pou Group on ements \ CH, = OMe ay ad | \ + Lg - alechet- The additional gucup cu DHF oc CHa, CHy, CHO-C-(CHadag CH = » fulphun ast puck | Ls at |e 5 @ eAljeoipide @ civeons's 5 ie rari . CHedd__ GV} 08. CCH ng CH cH -E=CeHy ne Hy GO) Calyzrel Aoliy adel Lipiel SS) Dotived tipidd:- Lipid obtained by —= hydtolysin of dimple ~ compound - a cate 4 ay Uesived? aa Besivet e eve ipid&— Ga They “axe ixtouwble ~ wYdnolyiic —preducks of bipids & Peeper St pia Adtuble ow Vonicis.o-syonte obren ? Waid uke commpautdi 4 salve do like éothex , acelone , ‘asim Conotemoid | gitential | elenyiles, we benzeme- Achcts lyyescanbons eke Ger 1 que eer oF Posty acid. —. —— an “hey axe ae Used) by al Aypes oF ~ Gyganism. L, \Cowoohycbronte, Sugar polyrecatides ) “he Conbohyduates, ane: a Sete} OI SHH. motors, Lactore a Me _Ongomic _compamd noite Fey fou aeccsuder” — fost CHO. Uaheie “23. There exe Raffnease nd ome Famd in OW onimal , plank | s * & ricrobsal ceils” ne ee 1) Febtorecesticler, pote L@crm Skachyare GAC Id) polyreccdudes Orr Sach, Gelluluse, tein sine aldelyde as Polyhysuc AIT Memopeceatides :~ (himple avgan)i- men aleckel. - : 5 + OH _Aimple Avan GHe the ~ / rahe Conbsol,yclsiede Combe _cletineds a8" Tre simula “CaHayion g Aosimular- “CuHanon | dé se Ce ongousempaapd teehee lade “Rpg atone SES 2 “kde. an_hydrolysia “Gne Glled konbohydbete! Mougy Sawle im ald Conbohydaakes, “ane called” Aechoucles CSu5 the Me: OF Coxtbet » ate Svein besic componem dager @ simple ane Comectially duseeh fn eat liga Aecchasuides'~ dha ate by co OF A “Fars monorecchaudes vib (240 the Union, of momnotecchorudlel wut -_ Churificabion AF Casdoobyfcheed 2a : — (awe Cuificohon in fellaomg asoup. (% 2 a e ecaulds we Monogechouden —> Monomer Kee [ie prom gate = Be = uscone , FrociwAe oo Cu) dligogechuudes — , wae a) Sicteesuides : ayo y Glucose , > Fructoxe “ane” yp qidoe —-& feactoxe ane” coming Q Gucore by liver a ' penchiorr CP _. Contbolypbinte Gy Austin — srekpinobion clue Averple Coipament Like COB yhe silease of meng EEG) Jo Ox. C.ciahqadir) : Ofer legoinolyaia Qhe fosim joo. mleguies oF ae pi animes Pm vaio “Ae 4 5, v » JMET tiv a nes ae slucae + ite | fgstmabiem OF vitamin C ree , On) Glucose in bled tu ©) Asuzecchasucles:— there ne comy sone of, Gy) Lectoxe GM todd Benee malecula OF Jame Ox differnet | palremk » Hey Weel om dhe mmo seceharude: be ae. usually Pein srstams poster Aap oormula i. (VV AUCHOAe iA Gt Sronuge ima Plow & theist a Plank uchich i red ob { Cgts Qe > th fom dice idlecua of Seca x afte byelyais mumanecchouder . , “ Pavrlohides I+} foam dhe aries ghey ane abo | imvabed Reackion of dhe becky ay feechoruices -— They one . ‘ Lycbrake uthich ole bos hitagdem ““puem > the Conduration of yop Ciuc! miclecules OF — momorecchasuder Memvfcec a1 ae ny Tea pusmes — done fosuwla 18 Hy ysunes gone Mig 2 Celt og), | Gn pypamideme| pe Ryng = dese ane membered dole 1) pusineh y Sedge Wuscpfimeout boxe olich Pama =. whagdin Gk SSB 4, 9 pontim, aay tone ddewne 2 “gumine midline. ~alee axe 6 membered Angi Sung hubsegem. bae shat endo wilvogem ak ne BF dine poritin ‘Tike, opiotime CO) + Wye Cr) Umamon Cu) om) aa = AON ES + ce " seen —l : nucehdes —S—_—_3} . Thee ane dao jype of Ppemboth sugat Ih. cankam. akom “etl ‘Aygo ) seg | Ribera fey fomd iy Rua) “eg oleorRebose” « 8 (founda DOS ies oko eae a th cabled uclpcicle® & a corrbinat OF bake Guyane pharphete gaoup Mo * wma oh — neoclotidled ' function OF pwelioticted : — © fowmabion G& mnectie acid: > Cy Weoclotides mo4 have) 1, 20% % ‘plerplate 40. fanmo heoclotidet, 4m < gktse. -molectig dhe addition of phorphate rweank tauo level OF emery wr Auch -neotlotdes ack as emengyy compamd Om ot body “htes sreoclotiéd wit more dha one phesphede ne, Coble hugher i wh adeotine cba Phorphake CADP) 2 Adersime bu phoiphake CATP! vweloide may abtobe psctemk i vitamin TRE. Repotliming — glay donst Facm — ywclie adie bob “dake. pad- ne Oxidahion seachon of GU dhac que she pamd rvadevp OF CH. Of phctpavs which From dhe boric tit OF “muclic, cick _-8 Mucliotides, aly merired ogetet DNA 2 RMA “ep ach A Shenecttwedy mokotial wouidigey? emengy wuelic acrel Paving mutoogeneovtgoo) as f pa @ ARMAS — ‘fia oe palyredF MUUEoIA eng Aarts tre cach cells ruscleic atid Gy aie. nfcetmation. Thenelane Lerekie” Lose CAMP) Com have tue “Ct preaprale Uke bs stealease OF. pass iekease OF Emengy aa. agahiaren "Rene! ray contained (yp ues Mulue atic. ne \ eens z ae er ie = & Of DNA ‘ci oth is Avemstomed des, (4) BB egy — some ee mucli¢ ude ack | Appdngh by panemb calls “axe cos Ergyme — fox the emgyme envalved | . pn dhe Proce, OF seripo-ahen g& Nucleoticles: Buileige —block&:— aude and | Pao Osyrd oid : manda up of mudedkidet . 4 the mucec uc} 3 é es dhe building Beck oF mweebe wecee ss | (Wi OQ Varun: some nuydighde alte murcleotides cobain dang rtainks alae co \3 poncon like dak of \Vitorun Brey anes ¥ 3 "GY Phatphoxic sacid t G. Aracunal compememk :- rweclicbider one le) seibose os dbexusub ole \ hoildiay Bleck af bee nudlic Geid- | C) Nitsagem bate RUAseqenr bore 1% destiued) -wem penis pusine - ey ‘ ue ee” ict { = vt “SS Resume Pysuielise Be Hanee compmenhh — menifenes) ates ined in aienilort fosin y nucleotide, 2 deoxyxiborwe Se ea }- Ribonucledtides They wc oYarr gi ; ee wo {Ribe eweleic acid CDNA) ~The suscheotres One “comedied —behwoeen dhe 4 th ten oS 1 AUCCERIVE ARH Lol im Duh 2 Red rascal ase I sin Foe conten vga hey RUA £ DNA GHE Bioprlyme, Ok subole corbalny mudeolide sd deorysutose cenkaming wwcleotide sespectivey, coma ste enolecule. The “Nucla, “of Sevewsl Dui melecds \ Decaystiborwmdeatides C gemsmab sbsuchune)7a- RUA coMVHA Qf Subonvcleatides having TF sxiede Gauges cornganent.— Fxonkd caw -& wali dittovestedl RMA i dhe feast 19s FRA ds babtally HHaee Hype mRNA CMeberyor eR) ZY RNA Cvibssoraal Ne) uslle~ Agni (tsanifer RMB) ¥ r vey fam yg000 Jo PWAON Waghbs OF RNA Ve DL AL CEEST. MRNA malecdkR ANU Menge mm DNA +6 aman pant of He GL Tee one Vea i Nize lio the dice OF mRNUF rast) Te” Aypiced temple of Hee a Chale goat (tale nucleotides RNAS GME vanmall Morded. “re Abuchwe & funclim oF ane siege a ndewend fmdenmolecuion 2 ints areleculan ese fas of RUA wuclectde Feuer Rakesomet Sieiek hoes eliffecents mRNAs 2 codell 6 “2 ws 2 88 Joan OF etanyoltc ah ~ Ras ose Dine suberome,_prciernk- ca vutedwondia & plank (eave cbffenent- oehe ay axe found fn pe plaam oF Be et conbarning 42 fe 9S mudestideh compionta Tagevion of HANA Yo chk EA ie tee ave gundie de ob the che tnswlaHon oF subocme, Sing far Arnino Acids ~~ fain pong nosy cba 2 POS das weyghh. The protein ty ~ gemenks ie cGstkon Up OF feu. configusiations jhe He sein, HY ppb eA meleculos aMerblies: Buildigs. blocks of Proteins — Que She Momamesic. building bloc! 9 pelgpepticer a pxohins ate gore of ahe memamatic building Brock HN nunc R acid ame up claa most oF She Osgowic Compamds like Apo = gniye ace3 ase” optically “achive. lich) andain asymm Casthon Occur “hap yemedisic FOAM QS Slow Rs amine cide, CS Agi das rypgtotind Sa cre fates (&) Calobutst jisodeln w (9) Fibsous pate. ta. 2: la lace . | 1 | | he Le amnc ats gxe funni | 1 Sin Sneak Poctin & Deamin atic: ove, T gewly fama tn amiga acids Te ape | Solow, dhe Gcid - CDH bane MH ae of ammo acid ionize. A M 3: Gcid is pollthels changed | ab i mregativey chasiyecl 2 ale sacar: + ammo atid acta at a —clioota Ausitteuon . Tus pH ob agi 2 ve + change ik dhe tinelessuic. po. & acast 46 She R-siwerp tnwoh 1 Wodectsud poi dhe Amma acicl © PusbleJe Unde le Hae lwee alectsic field. AR Heoclectseie + tic Lailme pustular = 7 ON nUniowm Gleblii exh - amine acid. cau, OF tise reir acids canbe —repamoded —éscon { Vin eeabiony | Fedmiqeed Ke Een | eXchange, ekdeisto - cualyed oz clecnagpie fF TRe 25 amino acid ate comme kre! > roktint — Sinvlan 48 Caakoy! mv PA. same Ro onoypA can ae omiee pena acd SEs Mpats ow shane + GRWUPA ane Yyfcnaplabic fm yabue & OMe F pUUPS axe, Tygcltaphilic inn maduste 59 pabeing ane dhe bepalyment psccicer! she condemtation of qmune asic,seaction’ s qynino acid & eotteo ernie acd re condenioion one Oho mo oF Amino acids Conkony! — gplcup C- GA) che aire Gn the 8 Gham (teak He he (anol) gp ese, eAleteOs — mind gn virions = Therefore aoiimo aciet pot acidic shies cute Cu grates jon. ‘Achy Hiont Clawsigication SF ‘) oe a) BosIG anc Lxemkol & om whe batid acdh hi bedly dhe moaieder Whey hae A Etembol aruno wluch ate Yok fremce tobe pei ihe Gili Keon ax Prckapeasable OT The clef of Hate omtend © cause nerveut 5 bstcakdanon rent P full mem geass & He \cfieremcy tcup cue “f dorm, med oa : : SS Unit - 2 2 Semi atembial amino aici: Woke amine \ iOchermical Kinehica - Simple em re GRA bids ene, “trouned fonbally in oe UaGahee nase one Ne SM Soy bey bub mak ak He sale yo med the “ge eneyina, vine sequinemenb cf she idividval “Thee cre molecuar west of augue & “hushidine, Hon jo ever % Men eternal Gino oeid — “Boxe w: amine AMR AG, FERS Ged alich “One Apaiareed in the bedy- Thee Grejime crdolyeed ster Gimme aude ane Aud faow conken ZReldens Jen the Chenns-alty, ok & coskelgehdes ndabdlinm ost fimckion of ewrzyma -— toanticanedion Of aiembial aviv; OF dhe nanchan Voges emai, ky binding. I basally finction of — flmino Acid :— change ost the eqalitauvm a GW) Amine acids aue dhe buileling blockA CE - afFethead y adhe emzy me. be be H Packard 2 emeymes ane Hey ate involved es Protein Ayrbeehis 4 (\) domme. mua Acid ane comvenied inte otter energy woilke aftaled ay che ex Ackivalion emsyy uailbe biologi achive compamds UKE AAMolme Which HL NAshon de woke iene Oates “We Sytonne “a oskeraive eh he! Welk a ghe Akin Pymend melon GU) taycime wo involved) fn dhe fasnadion 2 gees, haem "a pasion OF Haemoglobin ymgmnenb OF Lood WW) aera dhe wtemovel of amin pious dhe Carbon chain OF Mong —antino Act ws Converts Ilo dlucae : J) S Pakbicki offi Conan rom prvtert 7 amine Acid iE> B-ES : ; Les aes) ee Ker ‘ Speco. es) 02) ‘ © =) KyLEe ~ E59] CS) — KelES\- ig cee base eee = emeymé, = wade Substhat ka (eo) KvEe cS) Hy CS) + He + hacia) E. = E+%s OF emeyme = Ree + ES i e+g Sees , estw ts, Pe | Ka KyCEMS) ~ Ky(E8) — ay ka BeESHo) —C2) ! KyE@I— HylE-S)— kg ESO) = oO “Btg = Kao) 4. Ea (SD Lr kyle) Kies) — ES Chiat Kato) <0 Fa Oe evry Ste = LR KV ERO -KI@) +Krk | Kat Kg | | ma= = & 4 SAAS Oe Lchere Kh calles” “Bibauned conten eee see pment wodt OF Seackion Saat’ a enzyme __Gontembxeion Vewox = KEL he marisa, Given Schad Suz = Ke Be Bhe uchehics — mcu-akain Common Ae est OD. ae Ae Aubshuoke, Reschien al ce sae CF te maximaan sede» ddamine he equal dey) yak lao subshake “Unt racinbala Conttord ¢ S= neqligine : Steg = Nom 5). = wn ede, Comider dhe (ake Laken ae Zubh conembstaion when Yre Aulstawle conten. Ie ud ghok the senchion steht = dhe moximum sodgs OF emayrraic Aah, KY = koSo% ok SUF KL Kika = Kyl / Fis Absacte The IEgasuhy Ee reaction & Jermang. complex. woube Forred aie obachédd to. Ye emmy. eg cout Y= WES) 1 0 ie tg Seerecereny , SS Ey + ES) + ES) + ESS) : Ww 25D Vee Naga Si oe KE rs) Virax = Meno Sot aa S ra ee sasRPpulohion at mcg ic chemical “speci ihos Hen dhe, _ Ane con Combine usith enzymes to olier om i edulok, thus cabalyic ackvibe 3 : - Called modulahow os wht of fom te cell ‘i - botaled —enazgimes. at in hak fedhion “We combiration an a ¢ 4 sGouibe ost Examples of iscieveuible | bilibidas — facwds, FORA aie Gk Gideon, seu dea Xanthine gxidase , gO Spe chem eclivdap Jeqmed mee SSL, ual cletiveue Gholineste neues bop pd ahs evo he Sppstoadh fe itwbidoge- come wich dinee relied casinney —@ fciesties see LS ~ s m: , 7& complexed — forums = cases ane difficult le deeel- diol deac!ivadion of emeyme, aye inbibieds = @neqme: altrovgh OF A kc foams xa o Enzyme Uckivil _—$— —- = - we = al eal oy tae Sence._dhe reactions. Codalyzedl — P wuihiedh . Se, Ahaevgls Es cue _emtembially eed ch. enzyme & the. Aissh —sienchomt 13 Spsutevenable! snhocst cellbloxt..comdli Hom, dae —seespeme_.ch ded Seeal conktel lop} —— combnol. clevice ls .expecially fast. tedee youth sdk CARL ube ge Th AG gensol property of mark eqs ef cellule. saagutab endgneh. -dhot ney _ A ipclevenribie - “eaciont. Aldo, tb —taallit cbviows...fatorm Hae Liologiced cuter at Hep Auch. matuxol enzyme rvoduloton SHevewsble.. Fost exch Lideleucine id bey HA We in Paotein AYU» inabitt OF Omzyme E, muthee — quickly vidas he. dhak- dhe — staquinedl supply oF alae cov Srtyme bn dhe path. Ve. steehanedl fe begin. 4 Resible talubibows a 2 SMA powcoe willie Gmmpelitive , if these presence ee the value OF Km bob cow © ag The effeck of aud imbubitort My Or oteveued — by Increasing tee ° Concemhn t Reveille i& one conteeci ar chest# lhe Mechanisms of Reve wile. ey: modvlakion . Many beaen on Jnbabitost& __Catied Aubhtxode -AGKE-teledionGa 4c Mae nowmed Taut ikaw pr thought lad 3 imbibitoss__ hove - the Reg 40 fib ike EmEAMe achive Mie oot lock be She key ik er quilt — suse leave Shemtk = vet se Fou example jm becauke emg. effectany of emzymic Activity. € have Astswichines- emch hifferemt -fnem th Avbstaode.- Faxom Aus fade ik hasbeen’ ¢ that Acie conknol_ yrds bere ; ive — Imbubition ce aT : dominant a javabitron & Fost oy pekisive = mr hos “me vame aoe abet ef cotusinolly, eaw coimed(raceno: 2 2 aa r Ta as core binching OF Avbrtade 2 tr Ao__enayme__ane mmutgally —excludive.__beeate ed by peiciewe OF dhe emneyene, “ beaund i” dhe EL Complex Grcadsahiv ¥ ond Askin ; we alk dhe emeyme — 8 “@vailable fast cae wriak Avidable _ __ Subsknabe conversion , fo the steactton eFfeckh. _ ih. levoered by dhe —mbibitot. _ a s sWatonslipa “yachicaled i ect a wible Moglilatoot mash. balence cn’. ‘emizyme a 16 Kimebicad— - a e+(és] +1{@i ) = Gb = We. Com _Laste she _steachion staye init total tyme, comedian eo .2 fee) & \nhibitest Concembsadions _CS & 4, ney N= : Keos : compet 2 St Ks Ot Uk) 6) sua AA “sith the osugieal Miceli obs. atom sibs Arak Vmax is umaveded bub apparent michaels comttome KEP here f . Ken = ks (1%: “ie — > Gitoat Stadecl mn chiffenex She swade — seduchon cored ey a © Whilbibes Cambe. comp ota by ~ the ‘bilsate — concembutation sure TL we can chlain a Useful model - foximhibition _| 4 adi Me : lloras bs she. Im dhe pusene a | follasing... ~ equillibstiien ARP “to wh suai ye wae ee Eh od nie giver an gu Wuxtute — Can ‘ cont : g SUE uabiclh | oe = -EL+S = ETS ks 3) eu 2a) & ES+I == a kk —@) 7 ee - ; - ElL+$ = Erg Ris ¢ Sa did Btuahion | mbibidtew 2 wosecde com Eg+r <=>. 216 « 9 i in bid so dhe emzyme a t . 1 - derigmoded EIS. we. plesk. SnevicomyeHtive — nhibitin Of _eidhet. imbibrtox ot ~ influence dhe affirily ch olddaex Apecich. ze complex. _ucith dhe emaynre “bene. Kg & Ki—ik —dimocishon Graton Wing the nis Farailian — poocedluste oF sosultng Pre complex contertsotiay in teams OF & SLi, we obra she followsing. ede Cxpresion Inbibon A obhuiedd wove She. (1+ ifs) onan, Ua} fiom dhe conpth Zi = Ses The & stewihe fest atl = noo the michaels combbonb Uh untied We Fi ane. maximum steacton _wadodte caer ke = ke ; NViax te i Kinor Eat Actzvity.=_ WW me. -Canceakuobion '= Ta a } Le wal ill ingot ua _emnte “cancembwation. psacided Avkstect : Y Lyyekien ib maintained aba. high led. ¢ “f » condition Ath aA__ph_& Hemp. ove ket | fiscal ia enagme _coutemalion_ is | OHS, lontt Hing igh — “contentsnakion. wenn th. colled. tem (1913) Lsowtking. am.. byelnolysis of nvetase vaheKe floats oF enzyme 4o emploin dhe nove Q Single subttwate & single Zou mene Absa 2 pioduda, bh AOPhA GHE Ciaimed — Leith wien & emayme activity. plek nuchaebis 4ype of quae ik v dhe enzyme “Ushich aie made up Sea mode dchon ch the emeyme= Trey atrumed dal - ds mask OF the eneyme cobalyedl iy Tempenalune ie sqolt_CE_ steacon — by. erage concent Tex mash _of _enzjnal SERCH, suse OF lo" Fa dhe semp. daub sale-oF —yeaction— ms-rotc «A nig Qe AroPh to sr om lower. cog —s {soleveusitly “af So" Ja Gore, - bepoue pokamaadyt viatuse enrages A feo ~ debe adive okave gare alto Tre euny ~ by. Fetvet [Auch ad secelt sponte. mate seebibtomP +0 by teatp- “Tee_incteued aig oMie _masie quickly. 2 cha Ae_ quick} chancel _ af bumping into -eadt” alten One i peated ero 4 SPH mu deomg H | Fecsensing oF cabaly(ti 3 rer end | . SoMtif oF chee z Seats ian : Me fo wet? - Se Aempetadune PAO etl , Hele Wo gad ardability oF a ~menction _. being Caisse. peg a Deep _fsezing. ct fad ~Fon_PAMeA Ving. —dhenn fos jong. peruods _dene__ mst Fe _ pueveri= dhe _asmcth & susttiplicodion OF AUG = Oxo but ohio do. mactive.emzymes. tk maker jmpottible is dhe piicie — Cxgomiam jo cigar dhe oo, Lw) Ph enzymes vi Luenchion well efficiently. oF particulor hy em _- iow cencemuatiok- each ome _OF dem aide hn Coima seduced activity. “Guriide 1% _cuon. cpm PR Sange - cettadny _ emzyme Ske rove vey Ino pH pegquocements us emregrd, Vike —Toaiptin cate Ockivt at i unease axe aclive fn the @ ga jo 5 Loe Ahad dhe. emegmer For bG very complicued plein Anwthune —_seacHenk one bamal to“acoanpued supostor=— ptachical ~ mermbstane Agpiera. — a HECovened AometimeA only ge | rom — am ofa Aubshrtake _udhidh ney. alto eS .chom inet as a Sepwicd€ —Pluose ob Avitable —so4_ st Chemical Made ey - Coda ysis ra exh eviclemnt in she dal adiustment . Rg. Aince ofl ruleculan specie tor Finite._aqUec'& _gelubi Ff a_ Sail op §ubibe — alaccys Gein Hen wpply dhe errzapme..Thus __moyjbe dota PMO =| hovoevert y_dheak_ the stol® 18 wh : pexactcal -pyporebs Lee us quan mer # fe AEE oT ~~ examples. OF dre oppuiie Ach. er She. Cotes , effecha 2% ‘ sxpasenbation (Of .. eneyrte. acividy, ‘3% 2G Reach in Heberggeneaus Be — oyy_atizadion dc iy acid oP TH . Ee cbatsdes “ha_sglulion 33 Hhucdicn) » Ob use = a . amy OF iacicded Yad: Emeyres Ane aftachedl Ofet —emzymes que Achve ous | be he foluble. & “iwssluble fasra oF ane sete OM Frakes ate famd — Taypdimn , a pxoteare , wo famd de dye ochemabtig , fest cxample — Ree lysozyme 2 bozyme cksoxbed| a HOCH CHE “oh fhe & CAL mentesome In Cucwyctes + InI ee 6 develop a soe pp Yemen si meaner IsimeHich ey ae use login by Hue ++ Ade > Rew ATE NT cee -ea - iba. powdueh of He. Feat wacom im the Record 2 @) dhe p inkenmecliad® foamed & couemed kor a lo grcagy. OF hydaalgace.dvon ATP. dedion 2 Reoluction i= ¢ oe Nee sieviaced dhe_suole oy Zanullle for phroaphote -qpicupt camd Ul Zoues rag emengics. (By suk section Gonsidad LosueFly. laced axided fe secl seagian, Ge _Comalucted — Gidlt ical. Jhe_Comnechim babe _ghese miecheanant © wecisbolans, . oe bepien 1 use Avsull_secall dor fa < JF meok Hak cf Geckos | tl loret_ decknoma. fa the 7° comnqindtg , oxtdahion = pierulany ¢ques 1 = AFtest—_fnoculakion Mics, gucne in she Mquid—_medivn.ty o f Sane wwhnionbs Pareteml jt the reckon = gaaeth Cone comb. OF fallening. 9, F Lag prose Lege! prote. o--- - —— Gratimany . Dake = Sis Lag phase in dha prose. duet eee Ga jhe —~rummbet OF vauable Ws iricueate tn. Atze. clue 40_.exte ‘of mlactemoleuler. Log phos axiod OF acive qovotln voithauk Cab bene, eddy. fost . divition ~ ame Slog. phate ge dhe pues diatly atten (oddleling. dhe. gaachy -mecuum. ets “adjust dnemesely! omen. Thelt “molecule GAe Seay “eoyganized Awe a deine - lo dhe nes medion. Te muctcongrn Ayrehasia eve emzy met Suiting: 40 a meclivm alule ahe Ayrunet OF AT Emeymed id steqarienseal « Dusting aR = - cell may, be intncare e / one : redbe am chong on dhe abetji a / MOYO. COUR soho lay conceelies naithaveonts om “ge fotous, 2) Legastitmic at ex, embial — mlayen =in. mn Phase dhe i eae ncaa lesion G- dee ce Ahivile ab = } -MaXfaltan _ code +, Gpimeth — stodes_ Ie _mecuiuned _ clusund — Sb. paniod _kince SAowsth occu, ah Q -renxtirur sick. . | Te long S phase } i OF. eae Dusting os Prase__rsr eG _ahich ane _ ly. —acleuplect te! Guivomend_,_ Stoud—_reulb plying. Hopi cet culty le —Hapidly —xtevtting 6 | Ca wrath ut tot aa" cel — rrunflbert.. j Mat _OF Hae Compomembs of. dhe. call ak the kame node _clusing yA. plore - Yel specific gomoth joke “bated on cal Ot cell mast” maybe equal. The | gaows WW nek dependent up . dhe Concerti twhuemth since sheik —_concenknodion Cet Decline phage :— -me, F Pa cractenized y an exponential de cnente Me els. 8) shokonaay Phase Tn tha wes Hal no. of S yaniabler alts viable G a Yemains contiomk ak GQ steiulk of ne eit viable cell number, due te Aopaye - Sisiston. - Company, te = Which Tm duh qhote nd aah Cee “Os Moke equals to 'zewo Aince dhe roth Sh ———— ~ —_ ’ ] / oS e te deplel sequistecl fost dhe gtnawth of cetia ) iw 1 a = Ag. =—mS__ pS hers ~( try) fot onal pct Te peaduck —elhandl ag, a Gen eS Yt 7M ate than Sieg inbibita — ahe qeasth, yeast. we BA lise ; _ Texte Compare hibition 1 The equelien 2 Se -2.. initial ie ~ renic Compan Tithilyr fame equolie : eH fe < te oe of Iwishnate aed Re daxcuplee of toric osmpaumds. “Jowd ea oble ee palabitien ate hen bene ae fost <-tompelive— jubstvle tnlutilim. Compete in! Lion = tg. -— Ag. ans _ vari Comedie Inlubibron Ks esi 3 — Qpiiuede —_halnibition_— moybe allevioed ty skno.@ THE. prow af 4ovic comp penmiteni= addition oF noke.4o. dhe pak — moy ~! jm dhe cet cl mediym. —— > = ~The: equabim fax. sud. Condit we _ oe ene Paoduckion calibro = pscatobiol. (iam Aig 2 tims — — Ka pilibited by. -ligh - comcemetokions OF pacdue = kg +S pocoduct Syahibiton . toybe comperitive CH = uahexe Kg = decyt stale contin Ci! |. ~ competitive. = 7 ner pee “eel foe puodwer palibilion 4 ie, pee = bas — commperitve product — Ug = ec Ls om compeitne passes 49 * eis) The example fan 10 = imbibition — 1h feamentahionAnge f= cant? ueniailed. by : 2 t Aime. ow chemical i cn nba.) geo» cohiem ee depen Mage. _pexcdamtica= modes fos _ de ue Leaking cindes Bo inal use OF usabet) - “ie made Foch FES an — = eos powcets heginds spene. cleoth genes COW = 434, dabudion eqsilicn quotitative. mation sheamal Wwr Awl population - vail 2 Le als oue eating es ‘ Ae OF cett Lot OO debweivon par i sous aoe clepend on = FS bean: amakgn of obi, Sxacke ial ace ihre de doba ta ghe sernil Conan Pa bY Stoeaugid- P—olobk ane a ~ Kd = Censtom- Ac _idda me = mo HE where o_=_concembxokion af - spas adibick 420... The - slope of dhe Boke. plot br Kh sve. temep..- - PA Amoten —_phnaig lak —— = yen $4 Asihertivk foam. 7 ae tle \ > = kedbe Thee kinde descuphiont usa 21 Wedd pareve dhe conceminaiont ¢ Mose an cells te a loye rember Viable fraction = 21. = , vlakon cha, Hme + she semeinhiy pe SS = 7 “ a scpeeremererenr meme enrT | i moon Kind} Peeclucl —-dasnmab iow ined 1C8 :— The. -G) fasdec a maim esas f ‘i Jecouphont tak meee a sa one “model. __ duck sesvenation bc 3 ye PES Cae Sa “ho oF coite _ modenial Colomce — ort mRNA sci : dimenal =. kp Ce] — by Lmina) - dt soaduned 2 OUAaWe que avgiloble— Sb is tl scl —_._.Siulosuly. fodrion .--a. maleic) —balme ork, ussattent fost the ttbraceblylan cone Golem posty unduateending Lom dhe Produck of tromiltion vomely eculan {5 — = pao heist Of. tnbeneth. 1 mdtuuelusied = modeld. eos ne 2 cheanical — Bhauchysted — Paroduch_ 8: Fostonadiona ACP] = kp § Lraanh] - kelI-4) 8 Kinekicr rnodel&. - - - de B. Pmoduct formabion Kinebicn..ased om. | here dhe synbrenig sake is _paepostnvral 4 mdleculas ywechavusntt ; Gemebically. seutused __Comeennobtes Of mouth Cating. fest det me _ —paokin 2 she eFFicremcy gsr ville Y psaduct -fesimalion — |kimehica bg Filament. Wik MRNA ot fhe stibosorl - Osiganiams, ! psoduck. fostmation. Kimdih be V {AMemembovA — Osten’ ' ~ - 7051 etample.— A 20a1 phologi co kimeliek medal fas Cephaloipau © « ca yok produchian. “ee ms formal area Behemolic chiar mation sage Sip woyte mast pholag ies Woes soothes & Wr = - Ante ty 7 Spain 'C Cope) paccluctoon of ¢ Me Pee Spie'ys, 7, of di{ } = Apecial attention due te mitt =S~ : Daign gR Aralipis GF Bio Redan. © lamiteaticn 2. chonachertizehion of chifmaent- . biasxeactosts :— Bloreactase cayn w& Gienkiol fox i clewelopinsy OO pucduch CF commentiod — Aigmificamte Wie lobobtatony, —stenchass ane opeteied ab’ optimum. comely tem eke euxing 2 flac chanacheuthe. ered nene MOSA Ele The bicne xt Attend needs, involvment af MUCHComgaTUIM AR _bic co YB ZS fee evzymes OF micaabial _Ostisinn . The Kinelic’ OF dhe bonsselen Liosteackons, clepend om dhe cell Gamat, cf wucoeogamiam ce siede CF — Subabade ComumpHion DifFesent Types of Bioseactoot : — ~ The dlifftnenh © types of biaxeaten is Uted in, < Biokechmeloyy. Procell iviclude : — ~ GQ) batch Giostenctos -2) cowintous — Ahiured tomk, stenuctous -B1 fed batch — biosteactost “G1 air itt bioseactast ASI fluidized! bead braxcactan . F$i Teale F = nu “One, conbinuounle. — § ° (yBelch Biastenctas = AIL she _seaclont? ebine onmlysis OF dhe -avifltrs “Atsteor | mats [fed Jo dhe —baldh _biosearckest sally "pom mbna —cullivodion OF. oxgeruans hee aastup OF ne, bee eee ee oe ete ype 08 -biadension — ane. Wed He. mot my % ys gpm. me bach Boamasion one Lie t Ft) Balch Giosenctos -— Tee ype oF bi ied fox Small seat se a & foot clevph. ame. pred frequently fost smpsteving.. gid s vauout. pyadicds. “the yustsuemks Aub sade producing expemtive a oe ue preus pudduda. Hasevet + rao ai cleptetect biochenmi-al steaction&. 3c \ ; 2 e le by. { olusthag macnn et lank ony vubiendh 2 TO Subtbiade ome fed combi eC ae ; _ dhe biosteactox, prebably fre produc . - emhamec. peoduck ucillbe — stemevedl Fimauh Reactaxd :— en The produch” uci stemeved ests — dhe tadch i over. me Ch dhe Gdvomlayes als - thee type OF steactoxs ig thal the meword ome yy [fat — Of dhe fitting. dubshetede coy be, mubtain And - gab endseutrmemt- eer) Neng. lows level, thus auotdling the . ~ -7epretives effechs OF hight Substrobe” The Pswduetion SF bakers yeath Wh ty Using feb bodch — reachoub. Combirwcud Shyvled tork Heachost Fons, xeactos remally mean cobiquad flo wed omk Heackasta, The ritixing usitlbe Food de fo VigOMUR StbOtMY F° Crit : emp cuuldbe maintained. dhe inflno & ovtfyons— | IE Continuous 2, Prodvd- Combe vahdraus[OO “Ge toate mixing 2 reel Cvalabin — i, achieved by patting ais dentendh. fist Wh” pasted: Iugh velocitics in to ¢ of ‘demily -beleseen« Hoe Gquid colvrin in dhe suo & the. Liquid colunm in dhe loro Comet , willbe she chuving. foxe far Cixculakon OF dhe medium m due Cast HEE biaseactox . Ci. pa of asm q ype of Pproduiny. sep lnm ‘boioneactor stoHo ce The boxes grok tk hugh 4 la) Fividizert Fiend condos “ of bioxenckors: TH Yre boom Fr solid particles ane " coumben added” by— Bre bougoncy Aur buble Glorm cf foionescens._ uahem die Flvid -velocity i. mcmensed dhe told pws sill” gek- flurdized. The gravitoliona ce, aching, “daonon dhe panicle. iA Fonce by Hog iclized beat Plvidk — gorag Ups morly. Ee bioneactos ~ Greed ~ in -tacatesalen tnectmen Aste he “ ahablifs, Of “Bio steactora t= THe & Combad' of bigsteactast, Aspen Arablily of Hhe_bioneacto 1 rode “tA locally — Mable, dhe Ayitom concen © ~baakon us) stehuan to he, Atcooly. sec! Aveda euen Abert AQ Amali distemce wioves Moore Comeembuediom $ AlighHy _oxsewy finer He sefenemce steady ~/ mosmelt dhe Mable bloneacet Aysienn TA Yoverned ba dre parame@lers LiKe “cell snongt! RB CL morphology7 ee fetobic = R- Fenaenabic —ferrmartobion _ddivased Mudie. pice. = Aces = x 3 ae : Acabic? Feemantabion Poiocest :— MoH GF te _ fmowuabic fenmentakion ; Faqmetalion apes fac — Mrone\ HE acedome £Xx Ie fox Ommengiic eee Fen ion burandl” ““Renmemtakont folk Lier a4 Colegony alcahel -fenme i Of aexndbic Fesumentatio . Aerobic pAicnworganina One “Biuck Omenater 2 x teks weed) Oyen £08 es cisic add Conch ys Be “Msiwival - fost example oxen fos AL Mai malin, arbibiche fermendakion ae corlidene) ral mune de reel dusicred OXYGEN = femnembation cf alechel a kee propedly ugrad te & evalvect ‘ -oesion [of Oxtten se@dte. do pasticulely — cluring. cohen mycelia OME Ketmed Got casted Guk pa glk Ch the both bec thick dein foto examnle G Proper an Aprging: lysem ik orenbial - - dligaken 1A chéjettion © Pel Fiuidzesh bed bieMeadess Gre alko bel Sued Uso wpeden Cknesdmemd ettiona CSTR ira GUE aac’ ameraded lve Mab_of tn addition 76 bjoxea dons — Fort Feamemdah a- ie au Im ace Log canteen ete de et aewbic fermentation proud Yost Btcieel- ightins a ea enix ractobiol —Product& , wearte alic ure oxygen I he Paced. Activeled — Aludge ponding, oxygen Ayan ectsei fork Ae ~ NS pow. fa ee gongace OTHERS Ht by aqokion by oss Compaesicns The cumelvedl Ux4qerl jeds anerdto be moalndalved dussung =