TheEectsofElNioandLaNiaon PhytoplanktonBiomassintheSanta BarbaraChannel

AmeliaSnow
Rutgers,theStateUniversityofNewJersey
Dr.RaphealKudelaandSherryPalacios
UniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz

ElNioSouthernscillaLon(ENSO)
ENSOWarmeventElNio WarminginequatorialPacicplusweakeningoftradewinds StraLestheocean,deepeningthermocline,heighteningseasurfacelevel andraisingseasurfacetemperatures(SST) NutriclinedeepensresulLnginlownitratelevelsinsurfacewaters(<20% normal)leadingtodecreaseinnetnewproducLon(70%normal) ENSOColdeventLaNia UnusuallycoldtemperaturesinequatorialPacic Heightenedthermoclineandnutricline

Chavez,F.P.,J.T.Pennington,C.G.Castro,J.P.Ryan,R.P.Michisaki,B.Schlining,P.Walz,K.R.Buck,A.McFadyen,andC.A.Collins.Biological andchemicalconsequencesofthe19971998ElNinoincentralCaliforniawaters.ProgressinOceanography54(2002):205232. Lavaniegos,B.E.,L.C.JimenezPerez,andG.GaxiolaCastro."PlanktonResponsetoElNino19971998andLaNina1999intheSouthern RegionoftheCaliforniaCurrent."ProgressinOceanography54(2002):3358.

NOAAClimatePredicLon

RedWarm BlueCold

hip://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/enso/mei/ hip://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostu/ hip://gcmd.nasa.gov/records/GCMD_NOAA_NWS_CPC_ONI.html

SantaBarbaraBasin
Nearshore,temperatebasin InterannualvariabilityinCCScanbe drivenbyElNioSouthernOscillaLon events CaliforniaCurrentSystem(CCS)cold waterfromnorthtransportsnutrients andotherorganicmaterialsdowncoast ConuenceofCaliforniaCurrentcool, equatorwardandrecirculaLonof SouthernCaliforniabightwarmer,salLer, poleward EquatorwardwindsdrivestransportoverconLnentalshelfstrong upwellinginspringandsummer

Anderson,C.R.,D.A.Siegel,M.A.Brzezinski,andN.Guillocheau(2008).Controlsontemporalpaiernsin phytoplanktoncommunitystructureintheSantaBarbaraChannel,California.J.Geophys.Res.,113. Roark,E.B.,B.L.Ingram,J.Southon,andJ.Kennei(2003).HaloceneforaminiferalradiocarbonrecordofpaleocirculaLonintheSantaBarbara Basin.Geology.31(4):379382.

 BiomassandproducLvityof phytoplanktonintheSanta BarbaraChanneloneofhighest inSouthernCaliforniaBight Dynamicsandspecies composiLoninuencedbylocal circulaLon,nutrientvariability, runo,andupwelling Highdegreeofvariabilityon smallspaLalscales

Phytoplanktoninthe SantaBarbaraBasin

Scanningelectronmicrographof Pseudonitzschiaaustralis

hip://www.cop.noaa.gov Anderson,C.R.,D.A.Siegel,M.A.Brzezinski,andN.Guillocheau(2008),Controlsontemporalpaiernsinphytoplankton communitystructureintheSantaBarbaraChannel,California,J.Geophys.Res.,113

ObjecLves
Todeterminewhether2010and2011areENSO warm,ENSOneutral,orENSOcoldevents TodeterminechlorophyllaconcentraLonsin SantaBarbaraBasin ToanalyzeSantaBarbaraBasinonatemporal scaledaily,weekly,monthly TouseamulLplaoormapproachofdataanalysis todetermineifseasurfacetemperatureand ENSOeventsarecoupledwithchlorophylla concentraLonsandphytoplanktonbiomass

Signicance
Changesinphytoplanktonbiomasscouldaect thebiogeochemicalcycleandmarinefoodwebs ElNinoyearslownutrientsdeepenednutricline warmerseasurfacetemperatureslimit phytoplanktonproducLvity BaseoffoodchainlowerprimaryproducLvity aectonhighertrophiclevels Changesinphytoplanktonbloomscouldchange frequencyofharmfulalgalblooms(HABs)
Anderson,C.R.,D.A.Siegel,M.A.Brzezinski,andN.Guillocheau(2008),Controlsontemporalpaiernsinphytoplankton communitystructureintheSantaBarbaraChannel,California,J.Geophys.Res.,113

Approach
JPLECCO(EsLmaLngthe CirculaLon&Climateofthe Ocean)OceanData AssimilaLon MODIS(ModerateResoluLon ImagingSpectroradiometer)

hip://ecco.jpl.nasa.gov/external/index.php hip://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/

Approach
GIOVANNI
MODISAquaoceancolor(Chl) andMODISTerraseasurface temperature(SST)data

MASTER

SeaSurfaceTemperature

MODISSST

hip://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov

MODISChlorophyll

hip://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov

SantaBarbaraChannelStaLonPoints

GoogleEarth

StaLonData
SeaSurfaceTemperatureinSantaBarbaraChannel
20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 Jan FebMarAprMayJun Jul AugSep OctNovDec
ChlorophyllaConcentratoin(mg/m3)

ChlorophyllaConcentra8oninSantaBarbara Channel
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 JanFebMarAprMayJun Jul AugSepOctNovDec
2010 2011 2010 Average 2011 Average

Temperature(oC)

2010 2011

AverageSeaSurfaceTemperature 2010
14.6542oC

AverageChlorophylla Concentra8on 2010

4.5021mg/m3

2011
14.493oC

2011
15.7086mg/m3

June2010vs.June2011
SeaSurfaceTemperature Chlorophylla

hip://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov

GIOVANNI SST
2010

Chlorophyll

2011

hip://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/giovanni

Monthlyvs.Weekly

hip://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/giovanni hip://oceanwatch.pifsc.noaa.gov

Monthlyvs.Daily

76.7%cloudcoverage

hip://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/giovanni hip://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov

MASTER
ChlorophyllaConcentra8on MASTER 1.4606mg/m3 MODIS 1.6294mg/m3

Conclusions
2010waswarmerandshowedtemperaturetrends toconrmanElNioevent 2011wascoolerandshowedtemperaturetrendsto conrmLaNiaevent ChlorophyllaconcentraLonsexhibitcyclingbutisit necessarilyENSOinducedpossiblyPDOorNPGO MonthlynotbestesLmate MASTERalsonotbest UseofmulLpledatasourcesbestapproach
SekulaWood,E.,C.BenitezNelson,S.Morton,C.Anderson,C.Burrell,andR.Thunell.Pseudonitzschiaand domoicaciduxesinSantaBarbaraBasin(CA)from1993to2008.HarmfulAlgae(2011)

Acknowledgements
SherryPalacios(Mentor) RaphealKudela(Faculty) TeamZissou ShawnKefauver(ENVI) NickAtkins(MASTERimage) EmilySchaller RickSheier NickClinton NASA NSERC SARP

QuesLons?