Build a Digital Wattmeter for QRP | 30 eee ARRL Amateurradio: =| eee i } DEVOTED ENTIRELY TO AMATEUR RADIO. DIGITAL EDITION QST Reviews 3D Printer Reviews: Introduction Creality Ender 3 Prusa i3 MK3S+ Flashforge Adventurer 4(Caries the Yaesu genes for true RF performance Dee eu eer cae cN Ur eae @ Powerful RF Front-End & Low Noise Oscillator Cu cun eS Lei oe ssaniite OCC ag Ce ea Derails OP e cl Oe ee tere soc UE aaa ee a tele RUE UE Cut y toeliminate out-of-band unwanted signals DeMarco ncn Dee seat a eee Sere ooo Or Dee eae es Ce + Display is not included. The image is shown with an optional Reece nt coos eee) Eee + FI-TIOAESS includes External Speaker SP-A0. Dat ee eS LOe ECU RU included SP-40 speaker to create High-fidelity Erin ig 1 3DSS, real-time 3-Dimentional Spectrum Stream Pees i High Resolution 43-inch TFT Color Touch Panel Dro Se ce Oe Rue ig Ce Tats “PRESET” Mode functions most suitable for FT8 operation 1 Equipped with the External Display terminal Lia a ee el ee ee) DERE eRe See Orel Reed FT-770 Aess FP eee ae) {As of July 2022, this device has not been approved by the FCC. It may not be offered for sale or lease until FCC approval has been obtained, The information shown is preliminary and may be subject to change without notice or obligation. ¥YASU vesuusa Ce The aa aThe Best of the Best Da eee RC Oa Ecce FT-9978) ow Poorer Seen ee ey ea ene e ra + IF Roofing Filters produce Excellent Shape Factor TSS ee etc ee See eee rns + Built in Real-Time Spectrum Scope Display + 3.Scinch TFT Color Touch Panel Display +100 Watts (2 Meter & 70 Centimeter: 50 Watts) * aa Spesker P10, trad Sentient ‘The New Standard _ ——-— High Performance SDR Transceiver = | a I Po ru |SDR Receiver (Narrow Band SDR & Direct Sampling SDR) [Hz Down Conversion Receiver Configuration Roofing Filters produce Excellent Shape Factor SP enables Superb Interference Rejection Sev tenae necking + Superior Operating Performance by means of the MPVD” ‘The World Leading HF Transceiver with Hybrid SDR PE a eee see tea ii Re ani Sn FTpx101MP Re See en ae oe ae aie prince Pe jaa eee ee FTDx101D + eect a Ve YAESU YAESUUSA For the latest Yaesu news, visit us on the Internet: http://www.yaesu.com Pa Re eo eee EE CO cn odOnly the best tri-band antennas become DX classies, which is why the Cusheraft World-Ranger AdS, A3S, and A3WS go to the hhead ofthe clas. For more than 30 years, these pace-setting per Formers have taken on the worl ‘most demanding operating condi- tions and proven themselves every time. The key to success comes from attention to bases. For example, clement Tength and spacing has been carefully refined aver time, and high-power traps are siill hand-made and individually tuned using laboratory-grade instruments All chis Cusherayt’s world famous R8 now has a big brother! Big Brother RO now includes 75/80 Meters for focal ragchewing and worldwide low band DX rithout radials! Ws omni-directional ow angle radiation gives J you exciting and easy DX on all 9 bands: OE in. ly no ‘antenna tuner ‘One Yagi for Dual-Band FM Radios gy Dual-bander VHF igs are the norm these days, so why not compliment your ? Not only wll you eliminate a costly eed line, youl realize extra gin for digital modes like high-speed packet and D- Star! Cusheraft's A270.6S provides three elements per band and the A270- TOS provides five for solid point-to-point performance. They'e both pre-tuned and assembly isa snap using the fully illustrated manual Cusheraft’s latest MA-6B. gives you 2 elements on six bands! You get solid signal-boosting directivigy ina bantam size and weight Tt mounts on your roof or mast using standard TV hardware. I's perfect for exploring exciting DX without the high Jeost and heavy lifting of installing a large ower and a fullsized array. Its 7 foot 3- finch boom has less than 9 fect of tuning radius. Contest tough — handles 1500 Watts. “The unique MA-6B is a nro-element Yagi on 20/17/15/12/10/6 Meters, It 87995 attention to detail means low SWR, wide bandwidth, optimum directivity, and high elficieney ~ important performance charac- teristics you rely on to maintain regular schedule, rack up impressive contest scores, and grow your collection of rare QSLs! 80 Meters nseded Useful 1500 Was SSBICW when the going gets rough to breakthrough Pileups poor bend conditions. RO is super casy to ssemble, install just about anynhete, ands fw prof blends inconepicuousy into the back ground in urban and county setings alike. ‘Compact Footprint: Istals in a area about the sizeof a chil’ sandbox = 0 round radials to bury ‘thal B-energized Surfaces safely out of fiberglass insulators, all-stainless steethard- ware and 6063 airerah- Small Footprint Big Signal delivers solid power-multiplying gain over a dipole on all bands. ou get automatic band switching and a super easy installa tion in a compact 26-pound package. ‘When working DX, what really matters are the interfering signals and noise you don't hear. That's where the MA-6B'S impressive side rejection and front-to-back ratio really shines MA-SB, $759.95. Like MA-6B but five bands: 20/17/15/12/10 Meters. 12 and 17, Meters is a single element rapped dipole. ‘See cushcraftamateuncom for gain figures Tt goes without saying that the World-Ranger lineup is also famous for its rugged construction. In fact, the majority ofthese aniennas sold years ago are stil in service today! Conservative Imechanical design, rugged lover-sized components, stainless-steel hardware, and aireraf-grade 6063 make all the difference, "The 3-clement A3S/A3WS and 4-element AAS are world-famous for powerhouse gain and super performance. A-8WS, $649.9: 12/17 M. 30440 Meter add-on hits available No Radials,.. 1500W. num tubing is double'o tiple walled ey stress points to handle anything Mother Nature can dish out 315 foot tall, 25 Ibs. Mounting mast 1.25 to 2 in, Wind surface is 4 square fet. 9.95, Like R9, less 75/80 M. RASTB, $119.95. Lets you tilt your ant- enna up/down easily by yoursell to work RSGK, $99.95, Three-point guy kit for high winds Super Rugged) Design WIBX's famous Ringo antenna has been around fora long time and remains unbeaten for solid reliability. The Ringo is broad-banded, lighting protected, extremely rugged, economical, elec- trcally bullet-proof, low-angle, and more ~ but mainly, i just plain works! To discover why hams and commercial two-way installers around the World sil Tove this antenna order yours now! Cushcraft jateur Radio Antenna: 208 Indl Bak Ron Sekt Ie 89 USA ‘Open: 1-430 CS; Mons, de Shipping 523-5805. = FAN? O¢2-553-6551 usheraftamateur.comTesting, Tuning, Matching, Monitoring - Made Easy! Frequency Power Range: Forward Power Rating Tolerance ‘SWR Measurement ‘SWR Detection Senstvity InguvOutput impedance Input/Output Connectors CN-501 Input/Output Connectors CN-901 CS-201 A Frequency Range (up to) 6000: Power ating: 25 kW PEPIkW OW VSWR: Below 123, insertion Loss: Les than 028 Isolation: 60d 600 Ms Connector: 50 239 Output Port:2 www.natcommgroup.com Frequency 1.8-200MHz Power Range: Forward, 20/20072KW THRE) £10% at Full Scale SW Measurement) = 1:1~1:0 ‘SWR Detection Sensi) © SWMIN Input/Output impedance) 50 ohms. $0299 CE ee er 1.8-150MHe 18/150/1.5KW 1.5KW (1.8-60MH2) ‘KW (1482) +£10% at Full Scale tet aw MIN 50 ohms, 80-239 tts sw MIN 50 ohms 0-239 < 800-962-2611 1.8 150M 140-525hH2 2o0/200/2KW 2owi2o0w 2KW (1.8-60MH2) 200w KW (144MFz)——_(140~525MHz2) 10% at Full Scale 10% at Full Scale tite Atetie aw MIN 4wMIN 50 ohms: 50 ohms, 0-239 80-239 or N-Type Compact HF/VHF AVG reading SWR/Power Meter Cross needle technology displays: + FORWARD POWER « REFLECTED POWER : SWR - Simultaneously! ae ‘900~1300MH2 2r20Ww 140-525MHz 20/2000 10% at FullScale 10% al Full Scale ttt ttt sw MIN oaw 50 ohms 50 ohms ‘$0.29 or N-Type Nype AVG & True PEP power meter 5 second PEP delay to dampen the needle movement with on/off switch « FORWARD POWER « REFLECTED POWER - SWR - Simultaneously! CS-201GII Frequency Range (up to:26 Power Rating: 15 1V CW (upto 30ME2) 250 W CW (up to GH 150 W OW (upto 2GHe) {VSWR Below 113 at 13 GH Insertion Los: Less than 12 cat 12DST Contents Q) Second Century David A. Minete, NAZAA In Coloration of Board Service a Seen ; ' Editorial Director 30 Constructing an Accurate Digital QRP Wattmeter Pee eer a roar ee eae ie The Scavenger Antenna Tuner ete I] Hees ee ae ‘Assistant Etors 38 450 © Ladder Line J-Pole for 144 and 440 MHz co Fred Ome KIDD Bese ity 7 Product Review joimpns koe AO | Frees Revie cov Sercane tessa een Sater aS, Sale cease cers pores Pe enoe a 5 7A 3D Printing for Hams 101 sores, area eae Flick Palm, KICE Barry Shackleford, WGYE Kal Siviak, KE&PT Brice Orpen AASB G() Students Experience Amateur Radio in {lon Seri KIERO a Hands-On STEM Camp Soutining Enos Soshua Reichard, KBKIR foaaen Spoor ‘Modernizing the ARRL Division Director and spate teas 63 Vice Directs Electors Aisa Puaucion Super Act 2ygietoaum, KOATZ ty Weinberg KEIEIS prosison Cooney, 7 | 2021 - 2022 School Club Roundup Results eel Changes to the Collegiate QSO Pas anges to the Collegi oem 72 Srovnteestaecne 8 a 0b ndertitzon,NOAR Public Relations and 73 The 2022 ARRL November Sweepstakes. Fon Dro Member Sewvess anager Q) | A look Back — November 1972 Steve Ewald VX Feld Oganzation Supervisor 4 October 2022Columns. Departments Amateur Rac Wor sssuuuu6T — ARRL Section Managers... 18 Ask Dave nvvunnns62 ARAL Special Service Cubs. 4 ‘the Foundation 85 Cortiicate of Code Celebrating Our Legacy. 94 Proficiency Recpiens.... 80 Classic Rado. cee Cononton and Hames Calendar... Cub Staton. 74 Fold Orgarizaton Reports. 6 Contest Coral 70 Guide 1 ARRL Member Bene... 14 Correspondence conn Ham Ads : 124 Eoeat Technology conn Indox of Advertisers. 126,127 Happenings {64 Offers, Dison Directors and Stat. 18 Hows DX? ono 76 OST Cove Paque Ava. 1 85 Member Spotight 19. Slent Koy, 9 Mronavelengts 155 Special Event Stations. 0 Public Service. a3 Stays ss 8, 95,97 Up Fron. cn) THS MEN QEX yn 3 The World ABOVE 50 MHZ.onnnnn78 Wolunteer Monitor Progam Report... ur cover 100, 50, and 25 Years Ago 98 WIAW Qusliving Runs SB pe has so many apeatons win ham oe WIA Stel ccccconnnnt8 Seba Srey a emer Digital and Mobile Editions 2 poral Ws foe sagt iy eopoe co ASRLmenbencanscnstesotedton We Gone BS coe Pee) a ‘ia alinkat wenvartorglget download our rite for an antenna wee nd atong ae rots [OS app om the Ties Sore, and download © wwwar.org/gst-author guide BSelntectmambrcpos me ourAndoid app fomthe Google Pay Sie, emalh qat@ar.org flared, plang an ftaton te tea! (09 rovows of prin, ad leads of emat ‘Raouros where you can gt foe software nd projects pit [Christan Bravo, WAAL pt] Qs IssnasEteparerednentty tmaton! Cepriptozso, neers ead foie ace wl ec SEARS RNREY SN map SUES. nema BSE ian cron Gohaoemoniage cemeninpitcas Sale | Tet means aa ae AGeimccsmanses kaise mae” SIS Ae te ene ee een van POSTMASTER: Sendeaause target: rantaandnalinns Steperen REresO2OC™ WUOCY DX Cama OU", Ratu praca ches he as or vorwesnpmbet cer cements Saree UapakaM ewes UNe Teenrae dee cme ta Grutor Ereatieetuvoyewwocemy Nesartasvenqrenctacirans keperena ceamensan ge Te cay ‘fine Ameren Aude isey Lacgue ne S60-SB4 9200 mm epeairemmauey sure. aemcstnowamate oT rsa porns SLL a, pe Biase ee ee schscramourin Sine Qstisaube ting snapyecany Eactau One Pay aky ewe RAPP eran canceanionina Uns canteknn a BRERREE Somer E ate Sys tora tomy ements weariarponinpiey pate. SGeeeten onl Rare ee Call 57 or 901 Telephone: 860-594-0200 ae ‘nize gi Aeon nywarriors OST October 2022 5BUILD YOUR OWN OSCILLOSCOPE & DIGITAL MULTIMETER ! WITH DR.DUINO DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT EDITION ONLINE COURSE + ARDUINO KIT &}) Learn how DMM's and Oscilloscopes work by building your own! Work and build your own Digital Multimeter & Oscilloscope using this Arduino compatible kit! ARDUINO* UNO & NANO COMPATIBLE ie LEARNING KIT SIMULATOR TEST FIXTURE DEBUGGER ) DIY STYLE KIT INCLUDES HANDS ON & IN DEPTH ONLINE COURSE NC ENC EU ively SCAN ME! LEARN MOREAT www.DrDuinoDEC.com ay“IF I CAN THEM, | CAN WORK THEM”! Antenna gain is important, and at SteppIR, our antennas offer plenty of it. However, having the ability to reject the incoming radio signals you DO NOT want to hear, is the absolute-most important advantage a Yagi antenna can offer - and no Yagi does that like a SteppIR. Having the ability to mechanically adjust the antenna to the exact length required, helps create incredible signal rejection performance - especially when compared to fixed-length Yagi antennas. And witha SteppIR, you can create custom. antenna models that “resonate” with your own specific requirements! s q COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS ANNIVERSARY FOR PRODUCT DETAILS AND ORDERING: www.steppir.com 425-453-1910ANTENNA g SI DIEWO DT ELE TS a ORIN < Four section assembly e erlapping outer shells for added strength ny TO ees Stainless steel mounting hardware & radials FS PEO EMSC Ms SOT eninge Aare CRU ue Type-N cable connection SS esc LO SS DIAMOND ANTENNAS help you get the most out Highest gain Dual-band Base Antenna! £ Cem acces g RE nec cms S DOC a ea S ACTA UL cS i) COCmOE UCU OCR UCM CS ion] ee aos Ft. Rating Dualband Base Stalon/Repeater Antennas " 510HD 702m 2 | ssuas0 | uHF or » 900A ( UBF oF N 200K ( oem UH X60 (1 cen UH oF Xa0A (1 fia UME Dualband Mot moan UH oF ce UME or UNE or NO us uaF use X3DA / XSOA X70O0HNA ube UH or Caer kg Cee eg toDavid A. Minster, NAZAA, ARR. Chet Executive Offloer, na2aa@arr.ong Second Century In Celebration of Board Service Each year during late summer, people who have decided to raise their hand in support of our cause and mission run for office as a Director or Vice Director of ARRL. These are critically important member-volunteer roles, and, much the way they did a century ago, they represent members in specific geographic regions of the country. These elected Board members bring matters of interest, importance, and significance to each Board meeting to ensure their Division has a voice. ‘Taking on one of these roles can be daunting if done well ‘Thanks to modem technology, Board members no longer meet in their committees just a few times a year. Infact, our Executive Committee, which used to meet only twice a year, between Board meetings, is now able to meet every 8 ‘weeks or s0. Once committge and subcommittee meetings. are added to the extensive time commitment, which also includes visiting club meetings and hamfests across Divi sions that can span more than 1,000 miles, you can see how busy an active Board member is! ‘After every Board meeting, we publish the minutes for mem- bers to read, These minutes are constructed from 2 days of recordings, as well as notes from the meeting, and then are checked by the Board members to make sure there are no errors. The thing that is important to realize is that the Board, meeting is not where the business and collaboration of ‘ARRL take place. Yes, itis the place to offer up formal motions with voting, but the actual nuts-and-bolts work of ‘our organization takes place in the work ofits committees. ‘This is why itis so important that, if your Division will be voting this year, you pick the person you feel has the time, energy, and passion to property represent you! Being a member-volunteer can be wonderfully rewarding. At SEA- PAC this year, a lifelong member came by the booth 10 times or $0 to share his memories of historic events — ‘events in which he was directly involved — with us. As he left ‘on Sunday, he told me this had been one of the best days of his if. Itis powerful to see that kind of passion and love for the hobby from someone who has been init for more than 70 years. ‘There's a word | left out ofthe list of qualities you should consider when voting for a Board member, because it needs to be singled out: resilience. Despite the many rewarding moments that make being a member-volunteer worth the ‘ving of one's sot, there are those that are quite the oppo- site. These are the ones that are powered by setfish anger and ignorance, typically propagated in one of the online mosh pits of misery or via email — sometimes even You- ‘Tube! I find that these aggressive interactions aimed at Board members, and ARRL staff as well, can be fatiguing, deflating, and frustrating. Being able to recognize these interactions for what they are and rise above them is a skill ‘one develops, and it goes far beyond being “thick skinned.” With all ofthat said, why would anyone want to raise their hand to volunteer? The answer is: itis remarkably gratifying The work of ARRL is not just at the Board level it is at every level. Many of our Board members began their journey as field appointees or as Section Managers. ARRL is a com- plex organization that oversees the promotion and protection (of not just a hobby, but a “hobby made up of hobbies” Beyond the technical and regulatory aspects that we are expected to know and manage, there is a structure and an ‘organization that keeps amateur radio strong! ‘Another area with which our Board members get involved, — and in which some ultimately go on to serve in an oficial capacity — is international: specifically, the IARU. Each year, volunteers from around the world attend meetings in each of IARU's three regions to represent the needs and interests of their individual member countries. These meetings can go (on for a week or more, and these hundreds of volunteers do the untold heavy liting for amateur radio, on a global basis, that transcends news bites and accolades. ‘As you see the ballot for your Division come through, whether itis this year or in a coming year, take a moment. ‘These are people who have been moved to serve —on your behalf. On our behall. tis a caling,Itis work. Itis rewarding, And we are, in turn, rewarded by their volun- teerism and leadership. We have big plans for ARRL volun- teerism coming in 2023, so stay tuned! ‘My home station is finaly QRV and I've been on the air — s0 be radio active! And be that connector — use your own talents to get more hams GRY too. Ill be looking for you. MA2HA paisa eae pipers October 2022 9Free Catalog/Dealers/Manuals Online - Visit: www.hy-gain.com or calll toll-free 800-973-6572 [Tho First choice of Hams Around tho World! | hy-gain. Antennas bane AV-680 pes 80-6 Meters hy-gain’s new AV-680 adds - 75/80 Meters with no radials! TET Py R Ly }— toy down continuous for two minetos Highly Efficient ‘The AVB80 usoE quar Wave stubs On 810,12 find 17 Meters and voryofisent ond oan eo ane Gauche 12,20, 20 9rd 0 Mrs 0 rs wide ow VSWR banawth End oa wth broadband matching unt. Single coae cable fod Automate bendewichng. Sleek and low-profil Low 29.4 wind cuaco area. Smal foci for ‘mourang easy on docks, roots ad patos. 26 foe, Teste Built-to-tast igh wind suneal oF 5 ph, Broaband matching {ually smn tubing stress soe harder, hyr-gain vrteals ae the best bil best pecorning oH tf beat peed multiband vera avast) hy-gain® warranty “To yea iiled waren Al replacament pars AYB.75 $110.05. penetra Maan taeearaecea o¥8, 309.98. cykt. trop farcacteee pation gah | aa Bes ae 1-040, $658,958 et 4,30, 2047, 18 12 Seis a et | 1-620, $500.95. tane20,17,15 12.0.6 | meee eae it - hi ATTE, Bntonnes, Rotators & Towers 308 Industrial Pk Rd, Starkville, MS 39759 USA |, Sales/Tech: (852) 323-9538 m FAX: (652) 323-5803 Open 8-4:30 CST, MonCOMPROMISE WAS NOT AN OPTION FOR THE NEW HG3 QRO-A! The new HG3 QRO-A raised the bar again for Magnetic Loop Antennas (MLA). MLAs are well known for their superior performance. The remotely tuned HG3 QRO-A MLA covers 80*-10 meters with stepper motor precision and resolution. The high Q vacuum capacitor allows for 1.5 KW PEP”. The 45,000-step resolution delivers an unprecedented 511 Hz resolution bandwidth allowing you to set your band preferences spot on. Rapid-Tune automatically scans each band for the lowest SWR and works with most HF radios. It Pays to Pay Attention How do you make @-great product even better? You listen to your customers. The heart of an MLA is the tuner. We made so many improvements to it that we now call itthe HG3 QRO-A. The HG3 Plus Controller also received new firmware and an improved SWR function, *Some limitations may apply or are optional HG3 QRO-A Improvements: 43690 Wisteria Dr. NE Aurora, OR 97002. 8 508-915-2490 « preciserf.com +0 SS a eee |SMe eme Sc Dr aes any Array Solutions Lightning Arrestors Coaxial , Ladder Lino, Single wire, Control Line protection for Rotators, Switches, and Antenna Motors 0 Series arestors are known for helt ebay fd perormance. Thy feaiur easy mounting. Plates, ground rods wh our stacking bracket sn also fad This aystam ne GDT from ever ring unees 9 ‘ret his ten from stave bul se avaiable for 3 KW, S kW 10 KW and higher, FMiow power broadcast model AS-3030 FM ‘Moca! AS-309H high-power single vie or adder tne 0 DC Bl Se eeod HF, VHF to UHF ~ Extremely ow loss and Wh eae) eee ter Vector Network Analyzer $1295 skete-s ALL erik ir eta Pane pee iocernienripenl eet eed ee et eae rea etree ates Peroni eae eer ced co ease ore te ee med pete tare ee enn ty Patera he ean Mouser a Pos eet ite eee eee matted oe Ferrero nal | eT al ek | Sah ele | eee lt tt ft rt ty olson wt acl rd fiat ec cE tolled pee elo ects rtaee ile pera TS Geetha sal Beate ete aes Deere Gir ocd = eer ee Lester mentencathnrey le er ‘meh fang Soe EUR eerste e eet artery ieee tr) ee ger tesStove Ford, WBBIMY, wh8imy@ar.net Member Spotlight Keith Farley, WA8ZW) (Out of all the places to become an ‘amateur radio operator in the 1960s, Dayton, Ohio, ranked among the best. ‘As home of the world-famous Dayton Hamvention® since the early 1950s, Dayton was also a technology hub during World War Il and the years to follow. In 1951, itwas into this environment that Keith Farley, WABZW4, was bom. His immersion into ham radio was almost immediate. Keith says, “My father was a ham —WA8BNW — and he was known phonetically as ‘Big Nasty Wolf’ most of the year. But dur- ing Christmas, he was the ‘Big North Wind’ because he played Santa Claus ‘on 6-meter AM. My younger brother and I helped him as Santa's elves” Not long after, Keith and his friend, Bruce Marcum (now W6REM), decided to take an amateur radio class offered by the Dayton Amateur Radio Association (DARA). DARA was, and stil is, among the top clubs in the country when it comes to new ham recruitment. Keith passed his Novice exam in 1965 and proceeded to eam his Technician license as well Like many young amateurs in those days, Keith spent most of his time making CW contacts on HF as WNEZWJ while enjoying Technician privileges on VHF as WABZWJ. This Unusual situation was possible until the FCC revised the amateur license structure at the end of the decade. By then, Keith had upgraded and was only signing WA8ZW4. The FM Revolution Keith found himself in the right piace at the right time when the FM repeater revolution swept through the com- munity in the early 1970s. He dove headlong into the FM frenzy, first by converting surplus commercial FM rigs for amateur use, then by helping to assemble some of the first repeater systems in the Dayton area. Keith explains, “I was a student at Wright State University at the time. |had a 2-meter FM transceiver in my car. | was on the alr constantly, chatting with my father and friends while driving around the city. It was an amazing new mode for us and great fun” After Keith graduated, he married his wife, Marian. It wasnt too long before she obtained her ham radio license and became WD8CJD. They've been married for 49 years. The International Order of Krazies Keith is one of several control stations for the Intemational Order of Krazies (OOK) nets that meet on Sundays and Wednesdays. The Krazies are comprised of amateurs throughout the world who meet for the pure pleasure of conversation. Keith directs the Sun- day nets at 1300 UTC on 3.565 MHz CCW, and at 1530 UTC on 7185 MHz LSB, In addition to his work with the IOOK, he is active with the Automatic Packet Reporting System (APRS). Kelth oper- ates an APRS digipeater and internet gateway from his home. You can also spot Keith on APRS whenever he is mobile Keith is a familiar face at local and regional hamfests, where he enjoys selling in the flea markets. Keith says, “I dont sel alot of my own stuf, but |help friends by selling their gear and then keeping a portion of the pro- ceeds to cover my expenses. Itis a Keith Farley, WABZWA, and his wife Marian, WBBCLD. ‘win-win for everyone. In addition to my ‘own selling activities, our OOK group thas had flea market spaces at Ham- vention for many years” Retirement and Beyond vor sinco his retirement, Keith has added the pursuit of ettr heath to his lst of hobbies. He explains, I typ- caly goto the gym 5 days a weok for 3 hours each day. treat ike a part time job that pays poorly but has excellent side benefits. Thanks to boing mindtul of eating and exercise, Ive lost more than 100 pounds since retirement — and Ive kept off" When he isnt in Dayton, youl find Keith ata cotage he shares with his brother on Litle Platte Lake near Honor, Michigan. "| go up there often" Keith says.“ enjoy ishing on the lake ‘and, of course, | have a ham station at the cottage. Im active in a radio group in the Honor area called BARF — The Benzie (County) Amateur Radio Friends?” Keith is also enthusiastic about pho- tography, a hobby he has enjoyed for ‘much of his if. He recalls, “When | was a kid, my father was a police off- cer, He also was a professional pho- tographer, and my bedroom was his darkroom. | stl love taking pictures and sharing them with my friends. Thanks to digital cameras and the internet, itis much easier today than it ever was” October 2022 13ARRL’s mission: To advance the art, science, and enjoyment of Amateur Radio. Guide to Member Benefits ARRL Online | www.arrl.org/myarrl Create an online ARRL Member account, and get access to members-only benefits. Register at www.arrl.orgimyARRL. Already registered? Log in at the top of the ARRL website. =Magazines | www.arrlorgiqst and www.arrl.orgiota, ‘Members in the US receive a choice of print magazine: QST, ARRL's membership journal (12 monthly issues), (or On the Air, our new magazine for new and beginner- to-intermediate-level radio amateurs (6 bimonthly issues). All members can access the digital editions of QST, On the Air, QEX, and NCJ from a web browser and apps available for IOS, Android, and Kindle Fire devices. Members need a valid ARRL account to access ARRL's digital magazines, the Archives and Periodicals Search, and the Product Review Archive, "E-Newsletters | www.artl.org/myarel Subscribe to the weekly ARRL Letter and a variety of other ARRL e-newsletters and announcements *New! The ARRL Current Email Newsletter Members can elect to receive this monthly email within their online profile. Each issue provides a reminder of the available cigital magazine issues and highlights articles from al four digital publications, along with podcast overviews, benefit updates, product and publication specials, and more. *New! ARRL Learning Network wwwaarrl.orgiarri-learning-network This 30-minute webinar series features member- volunteers covering a variety of topics: technology, operating, and public service. Live presentations are recorded for viewing later. "Email Forwarding Service Email sent to your arrl.net address will be forwarded to any email account you specify. Technical Information Service | www.arrlorg/tis Call or email our expert ARRL Technical Information Service specialists for answers to all of your technical and operating questions, The American Radio Relay League, Inc. ‘ABEL Th Nata Ascari Racin te nied Sao: upprte the meaner an gran rms Sowers mesg Seas rad spec cvs ever mans get Mvowoe pt ao, asc Sacer 301610) ermal Revenue Code 185 salar ae goer by ‘Boorse recor wnaen ong members etc wy 3 yen oy mo ‘atu merowsnp The oar oc sppried jh Ores 14 October 2022 Join or Renew Benefits wwewarnorg/emn vmmnortorg/benefits Donate Shop wow.arrl.org/donate www.drrl.org/shop Advocacy | www.artl.org/regulatory-advocacy ARRL supports legislation and regulatory measures that preserve and protect meaningful access to the radio spectrum, Our ARRL Regulatory Information Branch answers member questions concerning FCC rules and operating practices. ARRL’s Volunteer ‘Counsel and Volunteer Consulting Engineer programs ‘open the door to assistance with antenna regulation and zoning issues. Group Benefits | www.arrl.org/benefits *ARRL Ham Radio Equipment Insurance Plan Liberty Mutual Auto and Home Insurance “us en Find... .a License Exam Session | wwwarrlorglexam a Licensing Class | wwwaarrlorgiclass. ‘a Radio Club (ARRL-affiiated) | www.arrl.org/clubs ‘a Hamfest or Convention | www.arrl.org/hamfests Interested in Becoming a Ham? wwwarrlorginewham newham@arr.org | Tel. 1-800-326-3942 (US) Connect with ARRL ARRL The National Association for Amateur Radio” 225 Main Street, Newington, CT 06111-1400 USA 1-860-594-0200, Mon. — Fri. 8 AM to 5 PM ET except hott FAX 1-860-594-0259, email hq@arr.org Contact ARRL: wwwarrl.orgicontact-arrl Website: wwwarr.org Facebook: @ARRL.org ‘Twitter: @ar, @wiaw, @arr_ares Instagram and Instagram TV: @arrhg ‘YouTube: ARRLHQ Linkeain: wor Jinkedin,comicompany! americanvadiovelaysteague Suvsarranetipegian eee ‘Sogpedtsreseinment natn ern ia aera eestor Sorina ios eree ia ean 2 aorta tine Se ee eee re lms mmeeteoeimcmanrnn ese rr trad Sree a asnoatore semester oan tee an Sos serrarover org/ divisions Officers, Division Directors, and Staff [As an ARRL member, you elactthe Director and Vice Director who represent your Divison on ARR. policy matters. Ifyou nave a question comment about ARRL polices, contact your representatives listed below. Officers Founding President 1914-1936 Ham Percy Maxim, WiAW President FRek Roderick, KSUR P.O. Box 1463, Lite Rock, AR 72203, 501-988-2507: KSur@arr.org First Vice President Michael N. Raebeck, KITWE* 5 High St Chelmsford, MA 1828 978-250-1235. kitwi@ar.org ‘Second Vice President Boo Vaio, WeR'GG “955 shetfetd Ro Casto Vaiey, CA 98545 510-097-6708; wergg@arrLorg Intemational Affalrs Vice President od Stator, WEROD, ‘5198 Shadow Est an Jose, CA 95135 400-236-4671: werod@arr.org Chief Executive Oficer ‘and Secretary avis A. Minster, NAZAAT 225 Main St Newington, Gr 06111 ‘860-584-0404: dminster@art.org Treasurer ohn Sager, WA7S Chief Financial Oicer Bane Midleton, W20LM Stat Director of Operations Bob Naumann, WOU VEC Manager Mara Som, ABIFM Feld Services Manager ‘ite ister. Wee Radiospor & Regulatory nforation Manager San aike, WOW) Laboratory Manager Eatoe ne Director of Ema tey Management dosh Johnston, KESMH rector Katieen Calahan, KEIMEY Member Services Manager ‘Wett Vine, KCTAIM ‘Advertising Sales Manager ‘anet Roose, WHILE Director of Publications & Editorial Booty. Schoortold, WIBXY Education & Learning Manager Steve Coodgame, KOATA, Development Manat Moksea Stommer KATCLO ‘rector of Publi Relations Bob Incerbzen, NOIR Controller ‘Thomas Bol, KCIMHO ‘Luci Goodwin Human Resources Manager “Executive Commitee Member Allan wwwatidivorg ‘Tom Abornethy, W3TOM* P.O. Bon 73, Aocokeek, MO 20607 501-257-6225, wtom@art.org Vice Director: Robert 8. Famiglio, KIRF P.O, Box 8, Neda, PA 12063 610-380-7300; kari@arri.org Central Division vworw.central arrLorg Carl Luetzelschwab, KOLA 1227 Pion Ra. Fort Wayne, IN 46845, 260-697-6088; kSla@arr.org Vice Director: Brent Walls, NBBA 2151 €. Bomar Ln. Geeentid, IN 46140 517-957-7224 ndbag@art.org Dakota Division wowarridakota.org Bill Lippert, ACOW" 2013 have. SE. Austin, MIN 55912 507-139-5835; acdw@arrlorg Vice Director: Lynn Nelson, WAND ‘3204 Witow Ln’ SE, Minot. ND 58701 “701-883-1006: wOnd@arri.org Delta Division wowarrideta.org David A. Noris, KSUZ 907 Evening Suit Cr, Redfield, AR 72132 870513. 1006; kSuz@arrLorg Vice Diroctor: Ed B. Hudgens, WB4RHO ‘i641 Wexford Downs in. Nashuile, TN 3721 616-600-275 whérhg@arriorg Great Lakes Division wowarr-greatlakes.org Dale Witlams, WABEFK" 21'Ouler Dr, Dundee, Mi 48131 1734528-3258 waerk@ar.org Vice Dirctor: Scott Yonally, NBSY 268 Valley Hi Or. Lexington, OH 44904 S19-512-4449; ndsy@ar.org Hudson Divi wow-hudson arr.org Ria Jair, NOR P.O. Box 7s, Sussex, NY 07401 973-594-6275, narj@arr.org Vice Director Nomar Vizearrondo, NPH P.O, Box 245, Tenafly, NJO7670, 917-443-2604; npan@arr.org Midwest Division ‘wow areimidwest org ‘Art Zygiolbaum, KOAIZ 66601 Pecos! Dr. Lincoln, NE 68516 402-427-0840; kOale@are.org Vice Director: Dave Propper, K2DP 7AT Od Bonhomme Rd, Univorsty Cay, MO 63132, 3142055167; Kadp@art.org How to Contact ARRL Staff ‘To send an email to any ARRL Headquarters ‘aff member, put his or her call sign (oe frst inital an ast name) in rot of (@arrorg. For example to send to Ham. Maxim, Fst President of ARRL, use ‘whaw@arr.org, or hmaxim@arr.org, New England Division hitps:neaivarri.org Fred Kemmerer, ABIOC ‘50 Baldwin in. oll, NH 03049 608-415-5400, abtoe@arrLorg Vice Director: Philip E. Temples, KSHI 128 Coolidge Ave. #203 Wiatertown, MA 024722875. 617-881-0183; KOhI@artLorg Northwestern Division worwarrinwav.org ‘Mike Ritz, WIVO ‘39649 Burma Rd, Scappoose, OR 97056 503-087-1288, wivo@art.org Vice Director Mark J. Tharp, KETHOX P.O. Bor 2222, Yakima, WA S8907 ‘500-092-5764; KuPhe@arrorg Pacific wonwpaciticartorg ‘eisten Melntyre, KEIN" {900 Golden Whe Park Dr, #85, San Jose, CA (98112, 810-703-4942; Kowx@ar.org Vice Director Anthony Marcin, W7XM. (836 Boulder Canyon St "North Las Vegas, NV 86088 "702-984-0588, wxm@ar.org Roanoke Division \warware-roanoke.com r, James Boehner, N22 1525 Barnwell Ave NW, Aken, SC 20801-3030 808-681-0940, nlee@arrLorg Vice Director: Bill Morine, N2COP 401 Winds Dr, Wimingion, NC 28409 910-452-1770; nlcope@arrorg Rocky Mountain Division warwtockymountaindivision.org Jeff Ryan, KORN, ‘9975 Wadoworh Pkay. K2-275 Westminster, GO 80021 303-432-2686 korm@arrLorg Vice Dreetor: Dan Grady, N2SRK £8706 S. Buchanan Way, Aurora, CO 80016 "720-296-7937. nastk@arrorg Southeastern Division ‘wow Facebook.com! ARRLSoutheasternDivision ‘Mickey Baker, NAMB, {14768 Black Bea Ra, West Palm Beach, FL ‘33018, 561-320-2775! ndmb@ar.org Vice Dector James Schilling, KG4JSZ 44 Joel Massey Ra, Haines Cy FLS3B44 407-504-2629; kadjsz@ar.org ‘Southwestern Division \worw.kknnetn6aa Richard J. Norton, NEA £21200 Wet Hise Or, Topanga, CA90290 310-456-1138; néaa@arrtorg Vice Drootor: Edward Steams, ARTA ‘7038 E Aster Dr, Sontsdal, AZ BS254 480-352-0256, aaTa@art.org West Gulf Division worw.westgulfvision.org ‘John Robert Stratton, NSAUS" P.O. Box 2232, Austin TX 78788-2282 ‘512-405-6252 nSaus@nSaus.com Vice Director Lee H. Cooper, WSLHC 2507 Autoy Dr, Leander, TX 78643 112-658-2010, wSthe@arr.org October 2022 15row ot org/sectons ARRL Section Managers ‘The 15 Divisions of ARRL are arranged info 71 administrative Sections, each headed by an elected Section Manager (SM). Your ‘SM the person to contact when you have news about your activites, or those of your radio club. If you need assistance with a local problem, your SM i your fist point of contact. He or she can put you in touch with various ARRL volunteers wino can help (such as ‘Technical Specialists). Your SM is also the person to see if you'd like to become @ Section volunteer. Whatever your license clas, your SM has ‘an appointment avaiable. Visit your Section page al www.arrorg/sections. ‘lone Division DE, EPA, MOC, NN SN WY, WPA Battie ihn Peg RSEER BOs Danan Wd, eso, OE Eastern Penni. Gece ar WAC, 29 Was Ra, Vig, PA 1655 570280107 wagwmgar org water pe 2 ay Pog Res 4 Param Rs, Ong Ms MO 217 Hop iene emote REE TESTES cement unaman tt et acta eater Healt Reet Roe yt 0 Oram A ierccrriir surg se Cents en ‘RAgE hones See. 3540 Market Rl, Marion, IL 62959-8040 Sear wintery He mr uo oman mA Seaibenet Se RT ED cs mn cmon MTS Sd Seri mnacaten Deke Dae Ny etc aera emer re Seema Her eatin tor urement vasosmren ean age Se eRe? co po nern samy coezeen Se eer Date Din Ay a TN Re en I Na nian pA 687 Setaanetios Sea canteen orc LA ae Semaine St ee Sen aaah toot Hc Elina Great Lakes Divison KY, Ml, OH erry vaca Fee men coca or Se eesti. tn oboe eas aoe “non Dr MN ERR PLM ay trum ta Serra Bese eee RED min.comren Pia elec Soiree thre iin rks, eae Sisson atte kbOggar.org ws 1 CaN ret cnmy 2 tees ae SS TERTEE oaen aon amma eee rare Newton Cy nN A, V7 Serta AS NL cra soccer igeuterrmcgetar Ee ee rrr en ue ieneeeeautee ee rca vane o.oo m8 icin EAL SGN ucunyac ter sneer 802-876-2215; aa sue@arrl.org ” so Maser uses Reyna, ANSE, 245 eon Rt, Line, Mn araeesaat re a tsoerlorg 16 October 2022 Nonhwoster Division AK, EWA, 1D, MT, OR, WWA ‘Asse es Stevo RLTEB 8521 Clin Sept Rage, AK S12 Goratzaten wreogert {Eason Shey KATLLO, P60 222, Yh, WA SHOOT ‘tan: Ban Narr ORE S585 W. Fatt Ave Bie 189709 ‘bovesuse WiexBanorg ‘ota Pal tne TSO 27 Desdvond Cr, logs MT 9405 ‘96717082 oj org ae ke ERPOLO 21780. Larapur he, Organ Cay, OR STA S164 ‘SSE S26 faroaoear ong pan, Crain Wom Washo ere Srpton WTF, PO, Bor 208, Siverite, WASEIE2 Seo. 1008 wiMt@arions Posie Division EB, NV PAC, SV, SF SIV, SCV Ey earn IAPs 7 Ceca Fore nad Jem Sg NTUR, 220 Poa Ave, Las Vous, NV 80121-2157 ‘sas0 5830 nut re aoe: Joe Spero AGA, 28 Kapil Bes 152, Hert, 96825 aero Baan Seer la owo.ro.emcts Onatnamch Sarma oratesaiaae Sooper Risen ee 98a som ca icin ae Se ee a sean ao 8 Saree Ee rg stipe Sxiiaratiermeamazaltns Fee NS SEIN oo nz ern Ear eeotre Fe er Baer atone fk cab Bnei eae, We Sat SEa nw ae nS ae eee ere rota opm W097 ime mrest soon Oo Ce Ne SE coc cones Seecosk ramen See e eee eee SASS trp ons Fick Breangor NITEK, 240 0 Raid Ave, Groen iver, YY 8295 Sead aman Seuimntr Dao ML M6 er Jarier Pe Sh MEE wes tatnceee See eee wna enge dm ONS Sebe ogecen SEP eE cen 21 ontematin, Our tek emu benre ee eee eae teeter meta leveme een Serna ee Reta as orra.on 2 aoracare if Ea ones Gee eee nae Po ee ls ncers Fe ac woes age. foe eo ‘Wauchsa, FL 33873 085-585-688, aaa | eurn Oana so a ee See ages eee erro Bur nop eta won Porein cA eee see eee Seaentce St eminent cca ieee a a ae Sem Mes Ga acy OK 3 WT Meg Ge ae TE OG Mein eeu Ree STI hn ce ear ocr seogietiegrea eA sn snmp. nT ena img ee Seer Sate treo oteoms nr semanDIRECT ACCESS TO NEWS ‘Ge gree F lite Satellit HD * EVE ru Cat ey + Frequency coverage: 100:30,000 Ke ncudes Shortwave, medium wave AM broadest band and long wave 76-90, 87-108 ‘Reception modes: AM, FH-storea, Single Sideband (selectable USB/LSB), Acratt + Programmable memories: 50 use programmable with alpha labeting plus 1200 User definable cunt memories fora total of 1700, + Dual conversion super heterodyne circu results in minimized interference through superior Selectty + Dial Phase Lock Loop (PL) synthesized tuning wit Dect Digital Synthesis (005) for dife-tre frequency stably and finest tuning resolution ‘Tuning modes: vaiablesate tuning knob, dct keypad frequency entry, updown push 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For more information, visit the club's website at wwrw.n4wis.org, “The vinlage World War Lora CW operating position was Ed Willams, KNAKL, lowered the inch Supertox refurbished by the USS Wisconsin Radio Club President, Bill cend-ed hal-nave feed line cable from the ships Malioma, NAW, This station fs oten heard on the 20-mat 168-40 level. [ohn Cooper, NBIC, photo} [Bamy Priddy, KSVIP, photo] Ice Hut Operating The NanoVNA Protective Setup During the 2022 ARRL International DX contest, held in February, John Jim Kocsis, WASPYH, purchased a NanoVNA and Leonardeli, VESIPS; Igor Gerber, VESIGG, and Yury Karyuk, VASGKX, an enclosure fort, but S00n decided a better home. ‘operated from an ioe hut on Lake Simcoe in Ontario, Canada. They forthe unit was in order. Because ofthe delicate unit, used an Icom IC-7300, a Yaesu FT-891 on custom batlory packs, and2 especialy the SMA connectors, Jim wanted to ensure ‘Chameleon Antenna modular portable antenna system, the internal connections remained intact, He de- signed a beter enclosure to keep it safe and protect Itfrom damage. He even stored the stylus in a small ‘lamp s0 that t wouldnt get lost. 20 October 2022WHEN YOU TAP INTO OUR GENIUS SOLUTIONS, SUDDENLY EVERYTHING AROUND YOU FEELS SMARTER. Genius produc are engineered to work so wel in tandem, expanding your stations abiliy to deliver exceptional experiences and exponential performance increases. Add a Power Genius XL and get the only legal-timit SO2R/Mult-Singlecapable HF/4M amplifier on the market. Add « Tuner Genius Lend gain not only super-fast, legal-lmitimpedance matching on antennas with up to 10:1 SWR but then pick up 70dB of port isolation for seamless SO2R operation. Add an Antenna Genius and enjoy frequency-deiven contest-class SO2R antenna switching and super-staion automation capabiles. Wit integration this easy, our Genius Solutions help you realize the potential of your station, making you genius-level smort long the way. Learn more ot FlexRadio.com Saesnecic) GENIUS SOLUTIONS INCLUDE > POWER GENIUS XL > TUNER GENIUS XL ™“ FlexRadio Find Everywhere x 2 > 7 Ed 2 2 SCAN TO SEE > ‘our Propuct BROCHURE > ANTENNA GENIUSSkyBridge eS a INTO DIGITAL an O08 8 ae ee Cat YOUr FREE Socakar (Vie iwithranrAnylonels7s8ipurchase CALL 816-441-98064Iny Tone me) a Bae 816-441-9806 Ti< @2asc Boer 4cun Ssxt 6mno Ao) Srv Qwxzleters@ororg Correspondence Letters from Our Members The Importance of 2-Meter Repeaters (One ofthe best places for hams to gather are local 2-meter repeaters. They are important to the hobby because most hams make their ist Contact there. They'e also full ot locals who you can meetin person — they might help you put up an antenna or look ata radio with you. ‘As you expand and try CW, HF. side- ‘band, and al the other things that ham radio has to ofr, dont forget to throw out your call sign frequently on the repeater. That way, you can meet some mentors wiling to help you {row and learn, ‘Steven Jones, WIWGN Glastonbury, Connecticut Temperature-Controlled Soldering Tips The arile in the May 2022 issue of QST, “Temperature-Controlled Soldering Stations was interesting, but there was no mention of what the tips were plated with, Unfortunately, ‘most today are cadmium-plated and oxidize easily, Over the years, Ive soldered thousands of connections at work and leamed that iron-plated tips last much longer. Also, the proper ‘way to use a wet (not damp) sponge isto wipe flux ofthe tip before sok dering. Do not wipe the tip ater sol ering. Always keep the tip wet with sdlder to keep it rom deteriorating when resting while hot. Dennis Murphy, KOGAM Bismarck, Nort Dakota tite Member A Chance Encounter | was driving in downtown Toronto many years ago wrile monitoring the local 2-meter repeater. The repeater identifies itselfin Morse code at about 18 WPM. My client sitting beside me said, “That's VESAPT’ 24 October 2022 ‘to which | responded, “You certainly read code very well” He explained ‘that he had been at Bletchley Park during World War Il and communi- cated with the spies via suitcase radio. Before being sent to the war zone, he and the spies would prac- tice sending and receiving code. He told me he could identify each spy by the way they sent code, a character- istic called “fist” If that person was captured and being forced to send a message, he could tell by their fist. In such instances, he would send back a secret code designed to look like an authentic signal to sel the captors off track. Talking to him was a very interesting experience, and he even- tually became a licensed ham. AAI Hill, VESDLG Picton; Ontario, Canada Spiral Counterpoise Experiment | was delighted to see that the May 2022 issue of QST contained an arti- cle by Greg Hebner, AGSFE, about Using a spiral counterpoise for vert cal antennas. t00, experimented with them years ago to reduce the ‘ootprint normally required by 1/4 ver tcals. There is a page showing the results from one of my spiral experi- menis, along with an audio clip of a contact made using the counterpoise at www.n0lx.com/spiral.htm Jake Groenhof, NOLX Golden, Colorado Appreciation for QST ove QST. started a subscription when I was sil studying to be a ham. Tim not sure tit was a lftime mem- bership then, orf upgraded a cou- ple of months later when geting my license in May 1980. Either way, I knew that it would be a lifelong pas- sion of mine. bought many back issues to lear about different anten- ‘nas and homebrewing. ‘Matthew Shank, NCUG ‘Antelope, California life Member Three Thought- Provoking Articles I really enjoyed three articles inthe ‘Api 2022 ssve of QST. The fst was “A Potato-Powered Transceiver" by Hiroki Kato, AH6CY. As an 81-year-old who has been licensed for ver hala Century — and who was not a sc fence ofa math guy in my younger years — the “potato power" was what interested me the most. So, I searched fr videos on YouTube bout generating de wth potatoes, and found a weath of aternative ‘methods. Should Hiroki write add tional QST articles, maybe he could Use one of the othor methods fo run 2 simple, low-power 2-meter FM transcoiver Another pioce that | enjoyed was "Electrolytic Capactor Restoration’ by Robert Miller, KEGF, in the “Hints & Hacks" column, His low-cost replacement solution realy caught my attention. "The Quest for the 222 MHz Worked All States Award” by Jon Jones, NOJK, reported (on 222 Miz equipment and toch- riques that would be great to see in future artiles, too, Thanks again for these interesting and enjoyable pieces. Mike Rooney, W7ANA El Paso, Texas ‘Sond your ltrs to "Correspondence," ARRL, 225 Main St, Nenington, CT 06111. You can aso ‘submit eters by fax at 860-594.0258, or via cena letters@arrLorg. We read every eter receive, but we can only pubish afew each, ‘month We reserve the right et your leer or Clay, and io the avalabie page space. Lotors published in Correspondence” may also appear In other ARRL media. The publishes of QST ‘sume no responsibilty fr salements made by corespondenis.The 2022 ARRL Online Auction features unique vintage items, new gear, Product Review items, and more! New items are being added every day, lcs: ei Um oR uel Sel SYSTEMS RADIO PROGRAMMING MADE EASYDUINO BECOME AN ELECTRONICS MASTER FASTER! WITH DR.DUINO gaan SENN Shae) a aaend Its perfect for quick prototyping and diving right Into the world of Arduino® without a breadboard. ARDUINO® UNO & NANO. COMPATIBLE SHIELDS. Pioneer edition EE REBORN Oo rt & @ LEARNING KIT SIMULATOR TEST FIXTURE DEBUGGER Perfect for getting started Begin coding even before _Easily accessible & probe Quickly troubleshoot with Arduino! your hardware arrives. friendly pins. hardware vs. code issues. PE OE Cr UL La ale 4 | eee Nake ad neato) ey aes u nee Mele ese) CO uC ees EU Rae oad eee es TIM GET A FREE ARDUINO CRASH SCAN ME! COURSE WITH EVERY KIT! [el AVAILABLE AT Www.DoctorDuino.com Q| @MFJ ANTENNAS MFJ Wire Antennas SRV ~ Most popular antenna in the world! Operate 80-10 or 40-10M with tuner. 14 gauge, strand copper antenna wire, 1.5kW. 32.5" lad der line matching section with SO-239 for coax. MEJ-1778, $89.95. 80-10M. 102 feet long (MFJ-1778M, $79.95. 40-10M. 52 feet long, End Fed Half Waves Operate 80-10 or 40-10M with one supportine tuner. 180-10 Meters, 132 feet: (MEJ-1982HP, $129.95, 800 Watt. ‘MEJ-1982MB, $99.95. 300 Watts. MFJ-1982LP, $79.95. 30 Watts, 40-10 Meters, 66 feet: MEJ-1984HP, $109.95. 800 Watts, MEJ-1984MP, $89.95. 300 Watts, MFJ-1984LP, $69.95. 30 Watts Off Center Fed Dipoles Lightweight, virtually invisible. Gives eu tga and gan (soe MF woDste) MFJ-2012, $109.95, 40/20/10/6 Meters, 1500 Watts. 67 ft. ‘MEJ-2010, $89.95. 40/20/10/6 Meters, 300 Watts. 67 ft MFJ-2013, $109.98, 60/30 Meters, 300 Watts. 86 ft. Dual Band 80/40 or 40/20 Dipoles, 1.5 kW tMrs17758, $129.95, 60140 Meters, 95> gp {eet long, uleffcient end-loading ees on 80 Meter. No tuner needed ater Stoervong canter auto, fh guge, in $0289. hanghole, 754, sé8.08 srzow, 28. (SY MGreay CS) MJ All Band Doublet MFJ-1777, $98.95.102 foot, 160-6 Meters with tuneribalun. Extremely low feedine loss. Super strong fiberglass center insulator pro- Vides stress relief for included 100 feet ladder line. Ceramic end insulators. 1500 Waits SSB/CWIDigital. MFJ 1.5 KW Dipoles Testrand, 14-ga, copper wire Ceramic insu. lators, Center insulator with SO-239 MFJ-1779C, $59.95. 20-6M, 35 f MEJ-1779B, $79.95. 80-408,135 feet. MFI-1779A, $99.95. 160M, 265 feet. 20M. Extended Double Zepp MFJ-1742, $109.95. See web for gain. 80 ft. long, 400 ft ladder line. 7-strand, 14-ga. wire. 80-10M with tunerbalun.. 1500 Waits SSB/CW/Digita 50M End-Fed Zepp MFJ-1748, $109.95. 125 feet long, 100 foot ladder line included. 7-strand, 14-a. wire. Use {unerbalun, 1600 Wats SSBICW/ Digit Ds; X "6 O*O Oo” MFJ Vertical Mounted Antennas MFJ 6-Band Cobweb Antenna MFJ-1836H, $319.95. Six-bands: 20/17/15/12/1016 Meters, 1.5 kW. Per- fect for restricted space. Neatly invisi- ble, 9x9x'/ feet, 8 ibs. Outstanding performance! Horizontally polarized {ives less noise, more gain over verti- als. Omnidirectional. No radials needed! Works great at low heights, Low SWR. ‘MFJ-1836, $299.95. Like MFJ-1836H, but 300 Watts, MFJ 4-Band Dipole Octopus Antenna Octopus antenna hub tums ham %S sticks into four balanced HFIVHF/UHF dipoles! Rotate for maximum signal, ‘minimum QRMinoise. Mount low for local NVIS, high for DX. Perfect for portable, limited space, HOAS, camp- ‘ARES. Balun. No tuner needed. (MEJ-2104, $319.95. Includes 8 hamsticks for 75/40/20/15 M. (MFJ-2100, $139.95. Hub only. Use eight hamsticks. MFJ Multi-Band Verticals, no radials needed! Low angle radiation lets you easily work far-away, rare DX! Efficient end loading gives, ‘maximum radiated power. 1800 Wats SSB/CWDigial roundings. Mount them anywhere {ground level, roof tops, apart- © fronts, nouses, small ote Efficient high-0 coils. High power air-wound choke balun. Built-o-last, Solid fiberglass rod, aircraft aluminum tubing, 5 models: Choose your bands 80-2 Meters (MEJ-1796, $359.95. 6 bands: 40/20/15/10/6/2M. 12 feet (MFJ-1799, $699.95.10 bands: sq/srs0r20/17s/11101/M. 20 ft MFJ-1799X, $639.95. Like MFJ-1799, but less 80M MFJ 43-foot Vertical, 160-6 Meter MFJ-2380,5469.95. High performance 43 foot vert- cal operates 760-6 Meters, 1800 Watts SSB/CWIDig- ital. 2 square feet wind load. Self-supporting, no guy wires needed. 6063 aircraft aluminum tubing, bottom Low SWR, Omni-directional fades or antenna tumor nosed, Low profiles blend into any sur- (MEJ-1797, $399.95. 7 bands:40/30/20/17/15/12/10M. 23 t. MFJ-1797LP, $379.95. Like MFJ-1797, but only 9 feet tal, Narrower bandwidth on 40 Meters. section 2° OD, .120" wall thickness, 20 Ibs. Requires, ‘antenna tuner, ground/counterpoise. BigStick ™ Vertical EAR ™ mp J2286, $149.95, 7-55 MHz, full 1/4 wave 20-6M, J» 40M coil. 17 ft extended, 28" collapsed, 2 Ibs, 1 KW. ‘Mount, radial kit inciuded, | ole MEJ-2289, $249.95. 7-55 MHz, Full-size = 20-6 Meter dipole, 40M air loading coll. Two 17 f. tele scopic whips, 28° collapsed. MF4J.915, $59.95 gay MFJ.918, $59. ‘MFJ-913, $59.95, 3000 Lightning surge protectors RFI isolator 4:1 Balun © MFI-819, $84.95, 1.5 kW o{ }°MF¥-270, $34.95, 4000. Prevents unwanted JIN True 1:1 current True 4:1 current balins/anten- /'=<)\ MFJ-272, $49.95, 1500, RF ftom traveling [| balunicenter ‘na conior insulators transform Gas discharge tube con your coax shield [fa insulator. High- 200 ohms to 50 ohms, 1.8- | “| shunts 5000 amps peak.< 0.1 dB into your expensive [a permeabilty fer- 30 MHz. Transmission line 9 ‘Toss. 1 GHz. SO-239s, tanscowver, fte beads on RG- KEI iranstormer, low permeabi- 2-Position Antenna Switch Prevents painful RF "bites and erratic Operation. 1.5 kW. 1,8-30 MHz, ME 308 Tafon coax. 2° dia.x6" long. 14 gauge T-strand copper wire. 4.5 KW 1.8:30 MHz, Phone: (662) 323-5869 * Tech Hel ity ferrite cores, $0-239,, stainless steel hardware = with direct 14 gauge stranded copper wire to antenna MF4J Enterprises, Inc. 300 industrial Pk Rd, Starkville (682) 323-0549 * FAX: 1 Yeoh tte bnew "9 de ey ba oe Poss San Os ect Pan MEY o} © MFd-17026, $79.95. rm 2-position antenna ef @y Le Sh hing sorge “ @ Protection, center ground. ‘a as 39750 4 Sd aS TH 362} 323-8551 8-4:30 CST, Mon-FriW1AW Schedule om nn i300 Ime | Wa [OOS opie sou apu | 4Pu [200 [AST] SLOW] FAST. | SLOW] FIST Cone | Gove | Cove | cove | cone aru spu_| «Pa_| sPa_|2t00 ‘CODE BULLETIN sPu_| apa_| sPu_| 6Pu_|zao ITAL BULLETIN fspu [seu | opu | 7u les [Sow] rasr | suow | rst | SLOW | Cone | cove | cove | cove | cove Pu Teu_| ap _[acoo (CODE BULLETIN fePu | 7M | 6pm | 9PM [oro ITAL BULLETIN eer | 7PM | emu | eo lous VOICE BULLETIN reu [een | ePu | wew Joaw [ST [Slow | rast |s.oW | AST one | cove | Cove | cobe | coe (CODE BULLETIN feru [oe | wrw] ww [oso WIAWs schedule is atthe same local time throughout the year. From the second Sunday in March tothe frst Sunday in Novernber, UTC = Eastern US time + 4 hours. For the rest of the year, UTC = Eastern US time + 5 hours, Morse code transmissions: Frequencies are 1.8025, 3.5815, 70475, 44,0475, 18.0975, 21.0676, 28.0675, 50.350, and 147555 MHz, Siow Code = practice sent at §, 74, 10, 13, and 15 WPM, Fast Code = practice sent at 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 13, and 10 WPM, Code bulletins are sent at 18 WPM, For more information, visit us at \W1AW Qualifying Runs are sent on the same frequencies as the Morse code transmissions, West Coast qualitying runs are transmitted by various West Coast stations on CW frequencies, that are normally used by W AW, in addition to 3590 kHz, at various times. Underiine 1 minuto of the highest speed you copied, certify that your copy was made without aid, and send itto ARRL for grading. Please inciude your name, cal sign (i any), and Corie aling adress, Fes: $10 for a cerca, $180 fr Digitaltransmissions: Frequencies are 8.5975, 7096, 14.095, 18.1025, 21.095, 28.095, 50.950, and 147555 MHz Bulletins are sent using 45.45-baud Baudot, PSKSI in BPSK mode, and MFSK16 on a daily revolving schedule. Keplerian elements for many amateur satelites will be sent onthe regular cigital frequencies on Tuesdays and Fridays at 6:30 PM. Eastern time using Baudot and PSKS}, Voice transmissions: Frequencies are 1855, 3.99, 729, 14.29, 18.16, 21.99, 28.59, 50.350, and 147555 MHz. Voice trans- missions on 72290 MHz are in AM double sideband, full carrier. Notes: On Fridays, UTC, a DX bulletin replaces the regular bulletins. W1AW is open to vistors 10 AM to 3:45 PM Monday through Friday. FCC-icensed amateurs may operate the station during that time. Be sure to bring a reference copy of your current FCC amateur licensa. In a communication emergency, ‘monitor W 1AW for special bulletins as follows: voice on ihe hour, teleprinter at 15 minutes past the hour, and CW on the half hour. \W1AW code practice and CWiigitalphone bulletin transmission ‘audio is also avaliable realtime via the EchoLink Conference ‘Server W1AWBDCT. The conference server runs concurrently with the regularly Scheduled station transmissions. The W1AW (Qualifying Fun texts can also be copied via the EchoL nk Conference Server, During 2022, Headquarters and W1AW are closed on New Year's, Day (observed December 31, 2021), Presidents Day (February 21), ‘Memorial Day (May 30), Independence Day (July 4), Labor Day (September 8), Veterans Day (November 11), Thanksgiving and the following day (November 24 and 25), and Christmas Day (observed \December 26)KENWOOD The most happy and sublime encounters happen in the worst ™ Ursus aca Loli RCE eos one Soe co ee et ec Rob Sherwood - NCOB - December 2018 TE Ne TS-B90S —2nsstemncrrmic tensa nts somes 7 Ono) > Recfing frequency sampling band sope Seiad Sete nna! , . Cet ara gh 10H ono CE rin Tac gaged anon em er ai Tiina een ra bao ore as al Ree)Constructing an Accurate Digital QRP Wattmeter This low-power wattmeter project allows you to measure RF power down to tenths of a milliwatt Phil Sittner, KD6RM My club recently buitt the QRP transmitter described in““The Tuna Tin ‘S'— A Bare-Bones Synthesized ‘QRPp Transmitter” by Bob Fontana, AKSY, in the December 2020 issue of QST. After completing this project, many of the builders expressed an interest in an accurate QRP wattmeter for measuring the trans- mitter output power. A search of prior QRP wattmeter designs led to the discovery of two QST articles: “A ‘Simple and Accurate QAP Directional Wattmeter” by Roy Lewallen, W7EL, in the February 1990 issue, and ‘Linear Scale QAP Wattmeter with SWR Indi- cator’ by Fred E. Piering, WDSHNU, in the October 2019 issue, | chose to follow WEL design as a starting point because it was more cost effective. His design uses two voltage transformers and one current trans- former to monitor forward and reflected power. Use of transformers largely removes frequency-depen- dent reactive components, eliminating the need for frequency calibration. My design adds a pair of Analog Devices AD8307 ‘SOIC logarithmic amplifiers for simultaneous moni- toring of forward and reflected power. The signals are processed with an Arduino Nano microcontroller. | also used a 2 x 16 LCD panel. Besides the SOIC logarithmic amplifiers, voltage regulator, and voltage reference, | also went with 0805 surface-mount device (SMD) resistors and capacitors for the best frequency response and compactness. This meter measures from 0.1 mW to 11 W, with a resolution of 0.1 mW and an accuracy of +4% over the frequency range of 3.5 to 30 MHz. The SWR can be measured Up to 9.9:1. The full schematic of the QRP power meter is shown in Figure 1. See Table 1 for a com- plete list of parts 30 October 2022 Circuit Description Transformer L1 provides the forward voltage vector, and transformer LS provides the reflected voltage, While transformer L3 monitors the current. Jumpers J4, J5, and J6 are single-turn windings on L1, L3, and L5. Resistors R2 and R14 provide 50 @ termina- tions for the forward and reflected voltages. Resistors RG, R7, R9, and R10 form a 50 Q attenuator net- work, while Ra, C7, R12, and C8 provide frequency ‘compensation for the two logarithmic amplifiers. Regulator U4 provides a stable 9 V power supply, while U1 provides a 2.5 V reference for the micro- controller analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Resis- tors R15 and R16 are included for monitoring the battery voltage, but the software for this has not yet been implemented. Logarithmic amplifiers U2 and US produce voltage outputs that are proportional to the forward and reflected power monitored by the directional coupler. These voltages are fed to the microcontroller. The software makes the calculations of power and SWR, and displays the results on the 2 x 16 LCD panel. Wattmeter Construction Detailed assembly instructions can be found on the QST in Depth web page (wwwarrl.org/qst-in- depth). All parts are mounted on a double-sided printed circuit board (PCB). Gerber files for the PCB1a Tara 01 Figure 1 —The schematic for my QRP digital wattmeter AM eo wake agyetadtiyyy yy sv pupe< 222228 [ | 2 & * be Pi oxo ww radno Naa v2 fe ono ge ae 88a gS kage RSA Leek Eek ont ST Te | eels ct ss act October 2022 aPee een Fosistors, capacitors, and integrated circults (ICs) are SMDs. All components can be found at Mouser Electronics, Digi-Key, land other suppliers. Description Qty Reference Designator S1QSMD 4 2, AZ, R10, Rid resistor {all SMD resistors are 0805) 1200SMD 4 RS, R6, RB, RO resistor 2209SMD 1 AT resistor 4700SMD [2 |RA,RI2 resistor e800 SMD TRIB resistor 1akOSMD 1 RIG resistor 62KOSMD 1 RIS resistor 10K QSMD 1 (RIS resistor 10K Q trimmer (1 RVI Tayda WA-2514 resistor 15pF SMD [2 _—_|C7,C8 (all SMD capacitors are 0805) capacitor O01uFSMD [2 (C4, Cit capacitor O1uFSMD [6 (C3, C5,C8, C9, C10, Cia capacitor (033uF SMD [2 (01,013 capacitor 22uF radial 1 (C2 Tayda ¥A4784 capacitor FT50-43 toroid _[3__[L1, L3, L5, 10 #28 wire Nano controler |1 At Tayda #8-2864 ‘Arduino Nano compatible Lob 1 [Display 2 x 16 LCD Tayda WA-1748 TLaat IC 1 [Ut voltage reference ‘AD8307 log amp|2__|U2, US 7aL09 volage 1 [U4 regulator 16 pin IC socket 2 [At 2.54 mmheader|1__|A197 Tayda #4197 strip [BNC connector |2 _/J2, J7,TE Connectivity 226990-1 Push buon |1__| SWI Tayda #5127 sich (not currently used) 6pinstackable [2 | LCD mounting Tayda WA-003 connector M3x20mm 2 |L6D mounting brass spacer M3x8mm 2 (LCD mounting screw M3hexnut [2 (LCD mounting 28-gauge 3 (L1,13,15 ‘magnet wire Enclosure [1 Jameco #141832 32 October 2022 Figure 2 — Completed board detail. The antenna connector is fn the left, and the transmitter connector ison the night. RVI is just behind the transmitter connector. are also available on QST in Depth. All required ‘components are given in Table 1. The component designators are clearly marked on the PCB silk ‘screen. Finally, refer to QST in Depth for the software and its installation instructions. The hed Product The lead photo shows the completed wattmeter, and Figure 2 shows the completed board. Our local ham club built 10 units and verified that no calibration is required, other than a possible change in the soft- ware to allow for any variation provided by ADC ref- ‘erence regulator U1. For optimal accuracy, measure the output of voltage reference source U1, and modify the “float Vbit” entry in the source code (as mentioned above, the software can be found in the QST in Depth files for this article). Several different TL431 references were measured, resulting in the 2.499 average value shown in the ‘float Vbit entry.” Its doubtful that you will need to modify the code. Al figures provided by the author. Phil Sitner, KDBRM, holds an Advanced-ciass license and has been a ham since 1954, His Novioe callsign was WNEUIN, and his Conditional call sign was WAGUN. Phi has always had a pas- sion for homebrew projects, begining with hs fist ransmiter "2 8805/6146 4O-meter CW radio. He can be reached at sitiners @sbegiobal.net. For updates to this article, ‘see the QST Feedback page at wunwarrlorgifeedback.The Scavenger Antenna Tuner A manually tuned wide-range tuner using binary stepped components. Stan Johnson, WOSJ ‘An antenna tuner can be a useful item in the ham shack. Unfortunately, it can also be an expensive addition, Big roller inductors and bread slicer capacitors dorit come cheap. Neither do the ‘computer-controlled automatic tuners. SCAVENGER ANTENNA TUNER ot wera! ‘This scavenger antenna tuner (see Fig- ure 1) can be made from common pearls. | found that the best way to come up with the parts isto find an automatic tuner that is no longer functioning and salvage the coils, capacitors, and relays. Ifyou want to build it from scratch, see the parts listin Figure 2. ‘The scavenger antenna tuner works using 10-turn poten- tiometers to provide an input voltage to two eight-bit analog-to-cigital (Ato-D) converter chips, The outputs {rom the Ato-D converters switch relays, which activate the inductors and capacitors ofthe tuning circuit. This, makes the 10-turn pots look like a big variable inductor and a big variable capacitor. Tuning is smooth and easy. How the Binary Switching Works There are two almost identical sub-cicuits in the tuner — ‘one controling the tuning capacitors (as shown on the first page of Figure 2), and one controling the tuning inductors (as shown on the second page). At the heart of ‘each sub-circuit is an ADCO804 integrated circuit (10), hich is an Ato-D converter. Itis set up to continuously convert the voltage on Pin 6 to an eight-bit number repre- senting the pot voltage. The input votage on Pin 6 is controled by a 10 KS 10-turn potentiometer, while the ‘outputs from the A-to-D converters are buffered by \VINTOKM or VN2222 transistors. These transistors pro- vide a ground tothe relay coils and the LED indicators, These analog and digital grounds are connected on the ‘Ato-D converter board. The counterclockwise terminal on ‘each ofthe 10-turn pots should be connected to the ‘analog ground. M2 ws Figure 1 — The scavenger tuners front panel. The first converter controls eight transmitting capacitors, providing a tuning capacitance from the stray value to 2,700 pF. if you have a tuner with a 2,700 pF bread slicer Capacitor, the minimum capacitance will be so large that the tuner won't work on high frequencies. A similar con- verter (as shown on the second page of Figure 2) controls. ‘seven inductors and the relay that switches the tuning capacitors from the radio side to the antenna side of the tuner. The most significant bit is used to switch the tuning capacitors. With this type of L-network tuner, the capaci- tor should be on the antenna side to tune loads that are high impedance and/or highly inductive, and on the radio side to tune loads that are low impedance and/or highty capacitive. The remaining seven bits contol the inductance. The ‘maximum inductance is about 17 Hon this tuner, the ‘sum of al seven inductors in series providing a smaller and cheaper alerative toa 17 pH roller inductor that \would handle 600 W. The inductors are switched by nor mally closed relay contacts, and the tuning capacitors by normaly open relay contacts. This arrangement puts the tunerin the bypass mode whenever itis not powered, because with no relays pulled only stray inductance and capacity are added to the RF path through the tuner. October 2022 33nz [ee fase inde pol fro [Fo [Pe at Gasaiznd9 17110 04 st souepanpu out nun yoo 91g puedxa 10 ssaidung "YUS) ZAOLINGEL sod Iny ye uoNBIdo Jedd ensue Te Te Te ts qs { 2 ae Aqwiassy 1oyoedes s9un euusjuy 1eBueneos v Playwnig esoyog Meja1—Z14 0} palnbai se siopedeo 1200 —9 Agt "BYI-PuZO UawUO "sheja1— 911 LH ‘Jamod Inte voyetedo Jaded ansua 771404104 St souepnpul out ‘| paunbai se speaq oo} — ay nun yoo 01g puedra 10 ssaidwoo ‘yBua} quatennba —3 (purge veewep Yours, ‘sun ano} — 19 © Lo0PNL 8P01 —91~ 1a onMane 4 p—OL9 ——-—sJoedeo Sumiwisuea Jaze — 1D “sieuo.oIy woy are sai00 po.0} 24) J0UM alg Jo WeBen aneWYDS y—z eAnBI 34 October 2022pena oa ZA, eww 5 a Aeuosse ssones tog ay osi-exz soeusopen —s134 sonhm bon Buia sja9005 LIED om pue g65}-9u7 soeusopeN — sol JeuianUed Gol Jo} spe0q BUAAOIOL Me eta 2p01S SIePIN UOSDaud Si — shea “ovoedeo Guluny wo aq ssa Sud snoeumjeoeiyy Aquiassy sovonpul Joun | euuayuy soBuoneos sipwoquajod Une UO} — ZAIN LA zyLeszw7 Ag sorenbas oBehon—EN ‘aa 1u— 91031 1031 Hite pue ye usanjoa dn pu Pinous SIAL ‘suum @b um punom 1e9pp/pa1 ‘YB LpurSsy'0 A) LPUr6'0 ‘a0 Wourye 1 “s100Z-peL1— 29 2214 souejonpul a eu) 91 ayew or suiny pegans “Suny Oz gis UNO Je9p/ UB upury 9 al urSZ'o ‘a0 wurde “alco s0eL1 — 91 segusuen OL 97140 soue;onpu 24 yu 1 oyou 4 Suny peaars ‘SU 0} Uk Puno 2a moyeh iy weary October 2022 35Reading Out the Tuner Settings The status of each capacitor and inductor switching relay is indicated by atront panel LED (see Figure 1). The most significant bit onthe inductance side indicates whether the capacitors are connected tothe radio or antenna side ofthe inductors. The remaining seven LEDs indicate how much Table 1 Hexadecimal Numbering inductance is switched on. The System smallestinductor— the least sign y= goo cant bit — i the LED on the right. (On the capacitance side, all eight bits are showing the capacitors in use, with the smallest on the right 5h = 0101 side. 6h =0110, 7™h=0111 ‘ah = 1000, The circuitry is kept simple by dis- playing the tuner settings as a binary ‘number. To make documenting the settings easy, the binary numbers are converted to hexadecimal num- brs. The light in Figure 1 indicate a seting of D7ABh in hexadecimal. To avoid confusion, hexadecimal num- bers are followed by the leter*h” ‘See Table 1 forthe hexadecimal numbering system. For those wanting to avoid converting the numbers, the binary ‘number can be converted toa seven-segment display by ‘adding the appropriate parts, or using op amp voltage fo- lowers to butfer the votage from the 10-turn pots and ative large meters. You could also use a 10-um dial on your pots, but 10-tur dials can be hard to read ifthe light ist the best. Reading the LEDs as hexadecimal numbers is not difcuit once you are accustomed tit Fh=1111 If the potentiometer is set to a point that is right on the border between two numbers, you may find a relay buzzing when transmitting, The smallest step LED on the right can bbe observed and the potentiometer set at the midpoint for ‘each digital number. Rock the knob back and forth to center it between the two points where the LED switches. Additional Parts Needed for Operation To start the A-to-D converters, Pins 3 and § must be ‘momentarily grounded, Ths is done with relay K17 and capacitor C10. When the power is fist turned on, K17 is ‘energized while the capacitor is charging. Once C10 is fully charged, K17 returns to the off state and remains off until power is once again applied, Power is supplied to the A-o-D converters and 10-tum pots, by a 5 V regulator, U3. The partis not critical; any regulator ‘would work. f any of the LEDs start to glow when transmit- ting, add ferrite beads and bypass capacitors as necessary. 36 October 2022 | experienced no dificulties at a power level of 100 W, bbut 500 W required some suppression atthe higher fre- quencies, Construction The tuner is constructed using three pieces of printed cir cuit board material with the bottom piece resting on an oak board (see Figures 3 and 4). Two prototyping circuit boards. hold the 10-pin Ato-D converter ICs. Inthe center is a pro- totyping PC board with the 16 V MOSFETS to drive the relays and current limiting resistors for the LEDs. Front and center isthe reset circuit. The reset relay is mounted under- neath. Toward the right side are two banks of relays and the transmitte/antenna side relay, K16, which is mounted to the back panel In Figure 5, three terminal strips are used to support a heavy-gauge wire that is the +12 V power bus, The 16 light- temiting diodes are pressed into holes in the front panel, connected to the 12V bus, and connected to the terminal strips mounted beneath them. On the left side is the 5 V regulator for the Ato-D converters and the control potent- meters. The back side of the two control potentiometers. can be seen, along with green bypass capacitors. Figure 4 — Let-sde view.Just inside the rear panel (see Figure 6) are the tuning relays, capacitors, and inductors, The air core inductors are ‘placed at ight angles to each other to reduce interaction. A ‘square brass tube is used to provide a ground bus for the capacitor switching relays. It also helps to hold the relays in postion, In Figure 4, the plastic conduit that holds the relays can be ‘seen. The ground bus forthe tuning capacitors is con- nected tothe printed circuit board with two heavy wires. ‘The tuning capacitors are soldered directly tothe relay ter- minals. A fow green bypass capacitors and ferrite beads are scattered about in my tuner, but these may not be needed, depending on your layout and power level. Add them as required. This tuner is used at 500 W with no problems. On the far right side are two VNI0KM FETS soldered to the board. Those are spare parts. n the center ofthe side, a strap connects the cover to ground on both the lft and right sides. I you use PC board material, as | have, dont forget Figure 6 — Inside the rear panel to solder the front and back panels to the base board. Note that the circuit boards are held in place with heavy wires soldered to the base PC board. The tuner has been in use on my vertical antenna for several months without any problems. If an antenna ana- Iyzer is available, it can be used to calibrate the tuner to your antenna. Document the settings on a handy card for Use when changing bands or frequencies. | find it conve- rient to simply dial up the settings for any frequency, and | am able to transmit immediatly. Parts Inductors Values forthe inductors L1 ~ L7 are not specified because the ratios are more critical than the actual values (see Figure 2). Ina perfect world, L2 would be hat the sizeof L4;L3 would be half the size of L2;L4 would be half the size of L3, and so on. The goal is to make the tuning induc- tance monotonic. As you otate the tuning pot clockwise, the inductance should increase with each step. The criical Points are the tranitons from 07h to OBh, OF to 10h, 1Fh 0.20h, 2Fh to 90h, and so on up to 6Fh to 70h. Component tolerances can make this abit tricky. The inductance can be adjusted somewhat by spreading or compressing the turns The cores in the parts list will work with a power level of 500 W.Al coils are made with #14 AWG wire, Toroid cores are made by Mierometals Tuning Capacitors Fora power level of 500 W, use 1,000 Vtransmiting capac- iors. the powers limited to 100 W, 500 V sive mica capacitors should work. If the capactors have a wide toler ance, sorting or paralleling small capactiors may be neces- sary to make the tuning monotonic. | used the values listed in Figure 2 ‘Additional photographs are available on the QST in Depth web page at wwwaarrlorgiqst-in-depth. ‘Stan Johnson, WOSJ, was fst licensed in 1961 and upgraded to fan Amateur Exira-cass license in 1968, He has a degree in elec: tronics from lowa State University and a physics degree from the University of Northern Iowa, His career began at Bell Telephone [Laboratories near Chicago and ended a the John Deere Product Engineering Center in owa as a scientstiengineer. Since retiring in. 2001, Stan enjoys bullaing things, mostly out of junk You can. reach Stan at wOseavengesjunk@ gmail.com, For updates to this article, see the QST Feedback page at wwnw.arr.orgifeedback. October 2022 37450 Q Ladder Line J-Pole for 144 and 440 MHz Build a J-pole that resonates in both the VHF and UHF bands. Fred Delaney, KIDU ‘There are many applications for a dual-band antenna like this one. It could be used for special event stations or as an attic antenna for hams who can't put up an out- side antenna due to deed restrictions. The lst goes on. This antenna can be used on 2 meters and 440 centi- meters, and its inexpensive and easy to build, About the J-Pole | built two J-poles out of 450 © ladder line (see the lead ;photo), one for home use and one backpack version for camping. This J-pole is a %-wavelength element with a Yewavelength matching stub that operates as an end- fed half-wave antenna. It does not require any radials, land when hung vertically, it has an omnidirectional gain of 2.2 dBi ‘The*%-wave element, in inches, is 8,856 times the velocity factor (VF) divided by the frequency in MHz. ‘The %i-wave stub, in inches, is 2,952 times the VF divided by the frequency in MHz. ‘The VF is the ratio of the speed of propagation in the transmission line to the speed in free space. Here, the VF is 0.91, so the dimensions are: ‘The %-wave radiator is 8,856 x 0.91 / 146 = 55.198 inches, or 55%e inches, The /-wave stub is 2,952 « 0.91 1146 = 18.399 inches, or 18% inches. Construction Cuta piece of ladder line to 57% inches long, as shown in Figure 1. Measure 4 inches up from the end and strip the ladder line down to bare wire. From the same end, measure up 20% inches, and cut one of the ladder ine conductors. This is the stub. Cut out the wire and web- bing above the cul, but leave a small piece of webbing near the top for hanging the antenna, ‘You should end up with 53% inches of insulated wire on one side (the radiator) and 16% inches of insulated wire ‘on the other (the stub). Right at the point where insula- tion ends, attach 2 feet of RG-58. Solder the center con- ductor to the radiator and the shield to the stub. Take a 38 October 2022 ‘tinch-diameter piece of PVC pipe and wind six to eight turns of the coax for an RF choke. Use electrical tape to hold it on the form. This choke will keep RF from traveling down your feed line (see Figure 2). Fit L259 connector to the coax beyond the choke. Cut a 3.inch piece of wire from the excess wire you cut off, and strip it clean. This is the shorting bar. Use a pair of needle-nose pliers to form a loop, and slide the wire on the 4-inch stripped wire on the antenna, Place it 2 inches down from where you attached the coax, and crimp it. Now, form a loop on the other side of the shorting bar around the other leg of the antenna, ‘making sure its the same length down from where the coax is connected, and crimp it. Do not solder at this time.{Use nylon ching ine to hang pole 1 Figure 1 — Dimensions ofthe ¥-pole made from 4450 0 ladder Ine. sr inches 59% inches 1inches Choke, sit eight uns RGS8 cone on hineh ameter PVE pipe { ‘Shoring bar Ccutofaxcas below shoring ba ator ing for SWR Adjusting for Low SWR Now, adjust for the lowest standing wave ratio (SWR). ‘The goal is to get a 1:1 SWR in the middle of the band at 146 MHz, so it will also match with SWR = 1.2:1 at 446 MHz. If you match with 1.1:1 at 144.300 MHz, it will also match at 435 MHz, which is below the 70-centi- meter repeater band. There are two ways to match this antenna: trim the elements, and slide the shorting bar. made a template diagram from my first antenna with correct dimensions, then cut my second J-pole to the template, and I didn't even need to move the shorting bar. Figure 2 — The J-pole feeding end ison the lower left, and the choke ison the right. [Fred Delaney, K1DU, photo] When first cuting the ladder line to obtain a match, cut it longer than needed. Cut the elements at a 1:3 ratio. For example, cut % inch off the stub and % inch off the radi- ator unt you are close, and then move the shorting bar for fine adjustment, Connect an SWR meter at the antenna between the coax stub coming from the antenna and the feed line. Read the SWR at 144.300 MHz and at 147300 MHz. For example, if you have a 11:1 SWR at 144.900 MHz and 1.6:1 at 147300 MHz, then your antenna is long, Move the shorting bar toward the coax connection to shorten the antenna. If the opposite is true, then your antenna is short, 50 move the shorting bar toward the end of the antenna to lengthen it. When you have obtained a good SWR match, solder the shorting bar in place. Cut off the excess wire. You can use any length of coax with the J-pole. When operating the u-pole, keep it away from other objects, because it wll couple and degrade the performance. When | enclosed mine in a PVC pipe, the SWR de- graded to 2.1:1, but you can stil run up to 10 to 15 W with most radios. With the unenclosed non-degraded version (no PVC), there is no problem running up to 50 W.[Be sure to perform an RF exposure assessment with this antenna, — Ed!) Fred Delaney, KIDU, has been licensed amateur and ARRL member since 1960, He operales CW, ATTY, FT, satellites, and ‘some SSB. He has built many Heathkit, as well as his own ci ‘cuits and antennas, Sel taught, he relies on his very big Worary of, "ARAL books. Fred has been an ARAL Field Day coordinator for {wo clubs for many years. Professional, Fred has been a prect sion sheet metal tradesman and cerifed welder for more than 40 years. You can reach Fred at 1980kIdu@gmall.com, For updates to this article, ‘see the QST Feedback page wlnateelPoscal Villeneuve, VA2PV, vopv@ar.org Product Review 3D Printer Reviews: Introduction By Pascal Villeneuve, VA2PV va2pv@arrl.org If youre new to 3D printing, Yyou will soon discover that this is an interesting hobby that is complementary to amateur radio. There ate so many projects that hams can do with 30 printer that itis worth devoting an entire “Product Review’ feature to the topic. ‘The first time | heard of this technology was in 2015 when one of my friends (Eric Lévesque, VE2MEL) bought a 3D printer. At the time I thought it was more of a gadget than anything else. Today, some products are sold oniine in two versions: the completed one that will be shipped to you, and the 3D printing file that you can download and print yourself for a lower price. If you dont have a 3D printer, there are compa- nies that can print your project for a fee and ship it to you. ‘At www:thingiverse.com you will ind thousands of amateur radio projects that you can print yourself — from a microphone support to a protection cage for your IC-705. | even found some old Heathkit knobs. Many hams are designing solutions, replacement parts, antenna parts, and many other useful items and sharing them for free on this platform. 3D drawing software is even better, as the projects are limited only to your imagination. ‘Some apps allow you to scan an object in 3D using a ‘smartphone. its not easy, but it's feasible if you're patient. That's @ good way to print your own spare parts. Types of 3D Printers There are many types of 3D printers. Some are even capable of printing with melted metal. However, for the typical consumer there are two popular types of affordable 30 printers. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) uses plastic filament that is melted through a moving nozzle to print the object in mutiple layers on a heated bed. This is the most common type of 3D 40 October 2022 printer, and is probably the best choice for ham radio projects. Stereolithography (SLA) printing uses resin instead of filament ina process called photo- polymerization to cure the liquid plastic using ultraviolet (UV) light. This technology offers higher- qualty prints with a ‘smooth surface, as it doesn't print in layers. However, you need to manipulate messy liquid, and you are limited in the print size, as the printers are usually much smaller but cost about the same price. Many 3D printer enthusiasts own both types and use them for different applications. This months “Product Review’ covers only FOM printers. If there is enough interest, maybe we will review an SLA model in the future. f you own one and would lke to contribute, let me know. What to Consider When Shopping for an FDM 3D Printer Budget: | recommend trying to get the most features that you can afford. All the SD printers reviewed here are less than $1,000, and just like amateur radio equipment, some professional models cost thou- sands of dollars. Printer assembly: Assembling a printer can be chal- lenging and result in a bad first experience with 3D printing, You can buy a completely assembled printer, but it wll be more expensive. At the same time, if you like building kits, you will save money assembling it yourset. Print size: The print size is very important, as it may limit the type of project you can print. Although you can use special glue to assemble bigger parts from different prints, the end result will never be the same as one single, solid piece. Leveling: In order to have a high-quality print, your printer needs to be leveled. An automatic leveling fea- ture simplifies the process.Removable print plate: Getting the printed object off the print bed can be complicated. A magnetic remov- able plate helps to reduce this effort, as you can bend the plate to unstick the print from it. Its also easier to scrape the plate (if needed) outside the printer, reduc- ing the risk of breaking any internal part while trying to remove the printed object. It may require a relative amount of force to do so. Another advantage is that a removable print bed plate can be replaced. These plates get scratched over time, even if youtre careful Print temperature: Many materials can be used for 3D printing projects. Some require a higher tempera- ture than others. Print temperature is especially important for ham radio projects if you plan to build antenna parts that will be exposed to the elements, like the sun, wind, and rain, Some printers come with a removable nozzle that has different temperature tol- erance, which provides more flexibility for printing ait- ferent materials. Printer enclosure: The majority of 3D printers — especially those less than $1,000 — are open frame, meaning the print bed is exposed. Printing a project ‘can take hours, or even days in some cases. Young children of animals may interrupt your printing job, 50 having an enclosed model has many advantages, but it wll cost you more for a respectable size. Some models have an optional enclosure or a tent that you can buy separately. Some enclosed printers have fil ters, which make them safer for printing in your home, because certain types of materials produce tunes, that can be toxic. Print resolution: 30 printer resolution is measured in microns. For example, 100 microns is equivalent to a 0.1-milimeter layer height, and 200 microns equates to.a 0.2-millimeter layer height. Therefore, the lower the number is, the smaller the layer will be, so the Creality Ender 3 By Sean Klechak, WOFFF sean.klechak@ gmail.com In 2018, | decided to purchase a 3D printer. The main motivation behind this purchase was to print parts for random Raspberry Pi projects, such as an alarm clock. ‘Atthe time, my budget was low. I did some quick research and decided to purchase the Wanhao Dupli- cator i3 Plus. After approximately a year of use, | sold lines will be less visible. A good resolution for a 3 printer is 100 microns, Single or dual extruder: Some 8D printers have more than one extruder, allowing you to print an object with multicolored layers. Slicing software: You will need to slice your file prior to uploading it into the printer. This involves the tem- erature of the nozzle and the bed (which depends on the type of materials used), the density ofthe infil, the size adjustments, the number of outside layers, etc. All depend on the required strength of the printed object, the quality of the finish, and the amount of fila~ ment you want to use. Ifi's an unsteady object, like a ball, you will need to add support to hold the item in piace while it's being printed. This is done with the slicing software. You need to invest time in learning the slicing possibilities according to the expected results with your particular printer. Errors should be anticipated. 3D printing is an art. When youire done slicing an STL file (the most common type of file), it will generate a G-code with all of the printing informa- tion your printer needs. Conclusion There's a wide range of 3D printers these days, and i's impossible to review them all, but if you have been thinking of buying one, the following three reviews should provide you with sufficient information to help you in your decision-making process. | have asked two ham radio YouTubers — Kyle Krieg, AAOZ (www.youtube.comve/kyleaa0z), and Sean Klechak, WOFFF (www.youtube.com/c/ HAMRADIODUDE) — who own and use 3D printers to review their own printers and share their experi- ences with us. While planning this colurnn, | found myself searching online for 3D printers and decided to buy one, so you wil also find my reviewed model at the end of this column Bottom Line if were in the market for my first printer today and had a limited budget, | wouldn't hesitate to purchase the Ender 3. All versions of this printer are a great add-on to amateur radio and other tinkering projects. October 2022 41the printer due to a lack of interest and the constant time and commitment | had put into it for it to work property Then in 2020, the global pandemic struck. Instantly, there was a demand for face shields and ear savers for nurses, police officers, and fire and rescue personnel. ‘The ear savers, when placed on the back side of one’s head, could be used to clip on the elastic string of a face mask instead of using one's ears. | was fortunate ‘enough to acquire a Creality Ender 3 printer, which came ata reasonable price. Local 3D printers and | immediately started printing face shields and ear ‘savers for area hospitals and police departments. Since purchasing the Ender 3, | have expanded my collection to include an Ender 3 Pro and an Ender 3 V2. | have Used these printers frequently, and they have been a (great add-on to my amateur radio and other tinkering projects. My interest was re-ignited by the opportunities it opened up to help the local community Shopping for a 3D Printer When I re-entered the printer market, | was unsure i 3D printing was something to which I would be ded ‘AF igure 1 — A simple iambic paddle, printed from www.thingiverse.com, makes fora great ‘weekend project. cating my time and energy over a long period, or if my interest would fizzle out after printing as many ear savers as | could. For this reason, | decided to stay within a reasonable price range. | was looking for a well-documented printer ‘with mainly positive reviews, preferably for less than $400. Additionally, | wanted a print bed that was capable of producing decent-sized prints or, in this case, as many ear savers as possible per printing session. | didrit feel that having a small print space would be acceptable. A mini 8 printer was not an option for me, as | ‘would have become frustrated with being able to print only small to medium-sized objects. | wanted a print bed that was at least 220 x 220 x 250 millimeters Although | desired high-quality print, | was not overly concerned with how the final product looked. Finally, | was looking for a 3D printer that was, capable of printing polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and polyethylene tere- phthalate glycol (PETG) filaments, at a minimum, with few upgrades (more about the faments later). Hel the Ender 3 would meet my requirements, and besides, | knew it was easily obtainable from various local sources, which made my purchase decision easier. | also felt somewhat confident knowing that if 3D printing turned out not to be for me, | could finish printing personal protective equipment (PPE) for the local community and sell the 3D printer without a huge monetary loss. Three models of the Ender 3 are cur- rently on the market: the Ender 3, the Ender 3 Pro, and the Ender 3 V2. Each of these Ender 3 models meets my initial requirements, but there are differences among them. The Ender 3 Pro and Ender 3 V2 come with MEAN WELL power supplies, sometimes labeled as a Creality-brand power supply. MEAN WELL has been accepted as one of the best power supplies in 3D printing. From my perspective, it seems to generate less noise on my HF radio than my original Ender 3. Figure 2 — The Dude Spike is a 3D-prnted ground spike mount avalable at wwwthinglverse.com ‘and has the strength for a 20-meter telescoping antenna or hamsticks to be used. 42 October 2022Figure 3 — Asimple center insulator for a cipole i 3 very basic print but adds. value fo your ham radio. antenna collecion. | printed ths from wore thingiverse. ‘com and used te fang Serews fora fan dipole This dipole has been set up for over year and has. allowed me to make digital ‘and voice contacts around the word Assembling the Printer Al Ender 3 models require assembly. This is common with many 3D printers, regardless of brand. Creality provides instructions for building the Ender 3, and the printer may be built within an hour. However, before assembling the printer, I suggest researching videos online, as the instructions provided are not compre- hensive. Once | finished the build of my Ender 3, | was nervous. Did | do everything right? There was only one way to find out — level the print bed and print some- thing! First Print and Calibration reality provides a small amount of PLA filament and ‘a microSD card with files that you can use to print your first project. fits your frst ime using a 8D printer, | recommend using the provided PLA filament and printing one ofthe test files, as these can help you cali- brate or fine-tune your printer. Fine-tuning the printer may require research via online forums and videos. ‘Some of the most common issues fora first-time print may involve belt tension and the spacing of the nozzle {rom the print bed. For those accustomed to instant {Qfatification, this is when you might feel discouraged with 3D printing with the Ender 3 and other 80 printers. | needed to familiarize myself with the build and tuning processes before | could fully understand and feel con- fident with the printer itsel. 3D printers have the poten- tial for many upgrades and modifications, but you may experience print issues while conducting an upgrade ‘or modification. If this happens, you should print another test or calibration print, fine-tune everything, and then enjoy your 3D printer again. ‘Two of my three printers are completely stock, as shown in the lead photo. | would be kidding if | said they printed perfectly, with no maintenance. Leveling the 8D print bed and keeping it clean should be com- pleted before or after every print. Poor quality and failed prints become more frequent without proper bed leveling and cleaning, Recent purchasers of the Cre~ ality Ender 3 often immediately upgrade the bed Figure 4— Wire winders are krowm to Keep your backpack cuter-hee ‘Avalable from wor. ‘thingiverse.com in many shapes, wire winders ae ‘a simplo print that can be beneficial to any portable ‘operation springs. Although they work, the stock bed springs are ot heavy-duty and can compromise the quality of the prints. Some individuals will even upgrade the manual leveling to a BLTouch, an automatic bed-leveting Kit, so {as not to have to adjust it themselves every time, Finding a Project to Print, and Slicing Software (Once | completed the build and calibration of my printer, I wanted to print something, but what? I was ‘not yet familiar with computeraided design (CAD) soft ware and was looking to print something that someone else had designed. A quick Google search provided a few different websites for finding 3D print files, including the most popular and easiest to navigate www.thingiverse.com. Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 are ‘examples of objects I've found on the Thingiverse web- site. Downloading files for print is typically not as easy {as downloading a fle and placing iton an SD card, which then goes into the printer. Typically, you need a slicer program, 50 you may configure the file to print per your printer's settings and limitations. Cura is a common free slicer program that is available for Win- dows, Linux, and MacOS. Itis simple to use after watching a few online tutorials. Printing Filaments {In my opinion, PLA is the easiest type of filament with Which to print. There was a time when PLA no longer fitthe type of projects | was printing. | decided to switch from PLA, mostly because ofits tendency to warp at a low temperature. This decision to upgrade filaments came while | was modifying and printing a design for my Yaesu FTM-400DR to mount on my vehicles dash- board. The PLA-printed mount lasted only a few weeks due to the sun exposure while in the vehicle, The Ender 3 can print with other faments, such as, ABS or PETG, butit requires modifications to print with other filaments, such as nylon or acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA). Specifically, the stock hot end on the Ender 3 series is only rated for up to 464 °F. To print October 2022 43with nylon, you would need to upgrade to an all-metal hot end. The Learning Curve When I started 3D printing, I thought it would be as easy as finding a part | wanted, clicking print, and col lecting it from the print bed after 30 minutes. In other ‘words, failed to do my research. This created a lot of ‘opportunities to learn something new every day. Even though some of the information was challenging and dificult to understand at times, | stil feel the learning curve is reasonable for most people with patience. Ithas been 5 years since | received my first printer. ‘Today there is better information, greater community: based support, and more tutorials, making it easy to lear and follow along. Initially, | felt frustrated by the learning curve and the difficulty of finding information. Now my friends and their kids are building 3D printers, following guides online, and completing their first cali- bration print within a few hours. Ham Radio Projects My latest ham radio project involving 30 printing is turning out to be my favorite, because there is potential {or ths item to be used for building Yagis, Loops, and other antennas. | designed a spacer in Tinkercad after seeing one on a Hy-Gain five-element Yagi antenna {rom the 1980s. Tinkercad is a free online program that has allowed me to easily design objects using basic shapes. The spacer allows for +-inch tubing connected to two positions at the feed point, bolted through, and then bolted onto a t-inch boom arm (see Figure 5). ‘quickly recognized that this could also be used with a. Moxon and most likely many other antenna designs, such as a dipole. After designing this spacer in Tin- kercad, | printed the product using a PETG filament. PETG is waterproof and will not typically deform under harsh heat — perfect for outdoor use or in my attic. will continue to develop the spacer as time progresses and as the community and I continue to think of inter esting uses for this part. ‘Additionally, | have created toppers for carbon fiber masts. The mast topper makes it possible to have a half-wave 20 - 6-meter dipole using telescoping antennas, hamsticks, or even a wire antenna in an inverted V shape, via a clothestine pulley that can attach to the topper. Although this was a SD-printed and tested design, | ultimately sent the design to a fac- tory that now produces them with a heavy-duty nylon’ material known as PA12. The nylon is more durable and has a greater tensile strength than standard 3D printing filaments. Without the 8D printer, | would never 44 October 2022 iC Figure 5 — Simple mounts designed in Tikercad alowed me to bull'this 2-meter Maxon and easly connect itto a PVC boom ‘aim, The project cost wall under $20 USD. The spacers are aval able at woru.thingiverse.comithing: 5414586. Figure 6 —Itis fun to print and build your own muitiban vertical antenna. These spacers and base plates have been usod heavily for the past year have been able to design and test these components before sending them off for manufacturing, That's why 3D printers are widely used for building prototypes. My first major ham radio 3D print design project was, the “Lt. Dude” antenna, which is a clone of a popular multiband vertical antenna. This was a fun build. | started printing the spacers and parts for the build from an STL file provided by Stephen Payne, WOKNI. He did an amazing job with the design — much better than | ever could. However, it was the pursuit of know edge that kept me interested in designing and printing my own. | have modified both of my parts, so they can be used with certain MFJ, Jackite, Spiderbeam, and other masts (see Figure 6). later discovered the same spacers could be used for a "Hamstick Commander” {good with three different hamsticks and mounted with tent spikes or a heavy ball, for portable and patio use (see Figures 7 and 8). Each of these projects taught me something | didn't already know. For example, | was at Field Day 2021 when the Lt, Dude started nearty disintegrating in front of everyone. This was due, in part, to very saturatedFigure 7 —This portable hamsick multiband vertical antenna system fg another multiband vertical antenna you may print and Bul soil, heavy rains, and extreme sunlight. PLA is not for outdoor use and is definitely not waterproof. The PLA weakened very quickly | should have known this, but | had to see itt believe it. The spacer project has been fun and is teaching me about testing prints at diferent infill percentages to find a happy medium of strength versus print time. As suggested by Adam Kimmerly, K6ARK, | have recently started testing the prints with a. larger-diameter nozzle to gain strength and increase print speed. Conclusion | have greatly enjoyed 3D printing. | enjoy the pursuit of knowledge, problem-solving, using creativity to come up with solutions, and ultimately knowing that some thing I designed or printed is helping someone. 3D printing can be a fun hobby, and if you are considering entering the 3D printer market, the Ender 3 may be the right option for you. If you feel 3D printing is something in which you are going to invest, and you have some ‘money to spare, you may consider bypassing the Cre- ality Ender 3 line and going with a better-quality printer. Prusa i3 MK3S+ By Kyle Krieg, AAOZ kylekrieg@gmail.com ‘The Prusa i3 MK3S+ printer (www.prusa3d.com) is loaded with features. Prusa has been developing 3D printers for 10-plus years, and their product develop- ment showcases that work in their line of FDM printers. ‘The i3 MK3S+ is currently their flagship printer and is suitable for both beginner and advanced users looking for a great out-of-the-box experience without any upgrades. If you are searching for something more Figure 8 — Combining a truck miror mount, a tent spike, and a custom-designed plate, this multiband vertical antenna systems Very portable, withthe capabilly to use hamsticks or telescoping ‘antennas, all while mostyfiting in your backpack. If were in the market for my first printer today, | wouldn't hesitate to purchase the Ender 3 if my budget was less than $300. However, if my budget was less than $600, | would probably consider the Creality Ender 5 Plus, which includes many upgrades, such as automatic bed leveling, a 850 x 350 x 400-milimeter print space, a tempered glass bed, and smoother Y and Z axis shits for higher-quality prints. Regardless of your choice, | wish you the best of luck in 8D printing and hope you find some amazing ama- tour radio accessories to design or print. The commu- nity of 3D-printing enthusiasts within amateur radio is always more than happy to help newcomers, so don't hesitate to reach out to them if you'r just getting started, ‘Manufacturer: Shenzhen Creality 3D Technology Co., LLtd., 18F, JinXiuHongDu Building, Meilong BWvd., Lon- ghua Dist., Shenzhen, China 518131. www.creality. com. Price: diferent models of Ender 3 range from, $189 to $479. budget-friendly or want to start a bit smaller, the Prusa MINI might fit your needs. In this review, we will con- centrate on the i3 MK3S+ printer and all ofits features. The Prusa i3 MK3S+ standard features include a heated print bed, advanced calibration, automatic bed leveling, print monitoring, and excellent documentation and support. The community-driven forum and Discord server are great for sharing experiences and resolving issues. Prusa also maintains constant firmware up- grades, which means the printer will get better over October 2022 45time with more features. Firmware updates are hassle- {ree with the included software and a USB cable. | pur- chased the MK3 in 2018 as a kit and easily upgraded it to the MK3S+ with available Prusa upgrade kits. The Prusa i3 MK3S+ does not disappoint. I's a great all around 3D printer that provides years of dependable prints. ‘The MK3S+ is an open-frame, single-extruder model that measures 16 x 20 x 22 inches, excluding the ‘spool holder. The frame is made of aluminum, it includes custom stepper motors, and it pulls power from an ac to de 24 V power supply. All other assem- blies are made from 8D-printed parts and miscella- neous hardware. The heated print bed and print volume are 250 x 210 x 210 milimeters, which can ‘accommodate small: to medium-sized prints, and it heats to a maximum temperature of 248 °F. The print Bottom Line The Prusa i3 MK3S+ printer is loaded with features that do not require any updates for out- standing prints right out of the box. It's a work- horse that will provide quality prints for years. 46 October 2022 surface is a removable magnetic steel sheet with di ferent surface finishes, which makes first-layer adho- sion easy (see Figure 9). Removing the print sheet after a print and flexing it in a few different directions allows the print to easily pop off the print sheet. (On the front of the bed, orange SD-printed housing includes a monochrome LCD with a control knob and a basic text interface. An SD card slot allows loading of prints on the left side. My only complaint about the printer is the LCD user interface. | think Prusa could easily accommodate a larger touchscreen with a graphical user interface on the front for better user inter- action. The printer accommodates 1.75-millimeter standard filament and can print a wide range of thermoplastics, including the well-known PLA(+), PETG, and ABS. The stock 0.4-millimeter nozzle is a great starting point but can be easily changed out for smaller or larger nozzles if needed. The maximum nozzle temperature is 572 °F ‘There is no Wi-Fi or Ethernet included, but a user-pro- vided Raspberry Pi running OctoPrint can interface with the printer to provide connectivity and added printer functions. More on that later. There are two purchasing options for the i8 series of printers — assembled or a kit build — that are shipped from the Czech Republic. The kit build will save you about $300 at the time of this writing but will take around 10 to 12 hours to complete. If you are familiar with kit building, you will have no issues, but that Figure 9 — Firstayer adhesion on the Prusa if MK3S+ print bed.shouldnt scare away novice builders. You can find a {great amount of documentation and YouTube videos detailing every step of the process, so | suggest having go at the kit build. Building the printer trom scratch will help you get familiar with the printer in case you want to modify an existing feature, or you encounter a break/fix issue. Shipping to the US was quick, and the printer was packed well with no broken parts during shipment. The purchasing experience on the Prusa website was straightforward. In addition to 30 printers, Prusa sells the Multi Material Upgrade 2S (MMU2S) add-on for the i3 series, which allows you to load up to five different colors for a single print. This unit, which attaches to the top part of the frame, has a selector head that loads different colors of filaments into the nozzle. | do not suggest that first- time 3D users purchase this add-on unit until later, as it can be very challenging and overwhelming. PrusaSlicer Software Included with every printer is a free download of PrusaSlicer, but the printer is compatible with third- party software like Simpify3D and Cura. A slicer pro- {gram imports a standard STL file (a common file format for displaying a 3D-printed object's surface ‘geometry and texture with no color) and slices it into G-code, which the 3D printer uses to print the object. PrusaSiicer is compatible with Windows, MacOS, and Linux, and it creates quick and easy G-code files PrusaSiicer is configured out of the box for all of the Prusa 3D printers, with presets for each printer and filament for quick and easy setup. The slicer software is fully customizable and feature rich. You can cus- tomize each print to create supports for overhangs, a larger surface area for prints with small bases, and other parameters for successful printing. Once you feel comfortable with a few prints, youll want to explore the hundreds of options and settings in PrusaSlicer. If you want to set a parameter back to default, a reset button {or every changed value allows that. After loading the slicer software and confirming my 3D model of printer, | was quickly loading STL files and creating G-code to load into the printer. ‘The PrusaSlicer sofware also loads firmware updates to the printer via a USB cable for easy upgrades. Prusa releases firmware updates about every 6 months. All Prusa software and firmware are open source, which you can find on their GitHub page (https:/github. ‘comiprusa3d) Filament and Heat Resistance ‘The Prusa line of printers accepts the 1.75-milimeter standard filament made by hundreds of manufacturers, but Prusa has its own line of filaments: Prusament (https://prusament.com).| found Prusament o be the best in quality and first-layer bed adhesion on the first try. have used other filaments with good resuits. AS you print more, you will find that diferent fiament man- ufacturers rise to the top in terms of working well with your printer. | also have migrated from PLA to PETG. for all of my prints. PETG is stronger, has higher heat resistance, and is protected from UV rays. If you are going to print anything for harsh environments, tike an outside dipole center or an adapter for your mobile rig sitting in your car, PETG is the filament of choice due to its higher thermal properties. 've printed car radio mounts in PLA only to find them melted in the hot sun. Aprint sitting in my car in the hot sun has yet to melt when printed in PETG. 3D First Print Hurdles First-layer bed adhesion is key to any successful 3D print. Without a great foundation, you can‘ build upon it. When you first calibrate your printer, all Prusa printers walk you through calibrating the nozzle height above the bed and leveling your bed, but there are stil end-user calibrations you need to complete. | found this to be the most challenging part of the 3D process. | purchased my printer in 2018, and subsequent firm- ware updates have improved the calibration process. This process is much easier for the end user, with more complete tests and finer adjustments. Ifthe rec- ‘ommended print bed temperature is 85 °F, set your bed temperature to 90 or 92 °F. find the warmer the bed, the better adhesion I get. On the Prusa website Yyou will find excellent photos and diagrams of what this first layer should look like and how to recalibrate the nozzle height from your bed. Nozzle Calibration (One of the first calibration processes of a new 3D printer is nozzle calibration. This process defines the distance between the end of the extruder nozzle and the print bed. The pre-assembled printers are already calibrated out of the box, so this process is only for those who build the kit from scratch. The nozzle cali- bration prints a single layer, and visual inspection of the print clearly shows if your nozzle is too high or too low. | found this to be the most challenging part of the calibration, as the diagrams given in the instructions ‘and what you can see with your naked eye are dificult to discem. Dor't be afraid to get out the magnifying Glass to really see if the beads of filament look correct at the nozzle as its sticking to the print surface. Good light and a clear view can go a long way to help get that first layer looking right. | found siting the printer on October 2022 47a high table and looking across the bed at eye level is. the best way to see both the relationship of the nozzle to the heated bed and how the extruded filament is adhering to the bed. Bed Leveling The foundation of a 3D print starts with a level bed Prusa’s print calibration is an excellent tool io help get your bed level through the bed-leveling correction pro- cess. The printer ships with atest that prints 11 ‘squares at diferent locations on the bed. By visually inspecting each square for a consistent print, you can ‘see where your bed needs to be raised or lowered by the print infil If youte having trouble leveling your bed, you might want to check out two very informative YouTube videos regarding bed leveling. BenGadget (https://youtu.be/ hDv73AdiBqM) demonstrates a Nylock nut hack to fine-tune each bed adjustment screw based on a center fixed reference point. The method allows you to finally adjust each bed-leveling screw in relation to the center point. This makes bed leveling easier and intuitive. Chris Riley (https:/lyoutu.be/qRbMOfMy-MA) shows how to use an OctoPrint (https://octoprint.org) plug-in to help visually level your bed. The Prusa-specific bed- leveling plug-in displays a visual indicator for how level your bed really is and gives specific sorew turn ratios (hatf turn clockwise, one turn counterclockwise) to raise ‘or lower that portion of the bed. OctoPrint (OctoPrint is @ must-have for any Prusa 3D printer, as it offers functionality with very litle setup. OctoPrint is a 48 October 2022 free downloadable operating system for a Raspberry Pi that communicates with the Prusa via USB. It walks through the process of setting up your printer and get- ting it connected. OctoPrint is web-based, so it can be accessed from any computer on your local area net- work (LAN). There are many 3D cases available for attaching the Raspberry Pi and optional Pi camera directly to the Prusa frame to help get it out of the way. ‘Some of the added functionality OctoPrint provides is loading and printing directly via wireless on your LAN, camera functionaity, viewing the G-code in real time, and more. Third-party downloadable plug-ins provide even more functionally, ike the Prusa visual bed leveler for fine-tuning the bed, Octolapse for time-lapse print videos, and Spaghetti Detective to alert you when your printer is printing...well...:spaghett” OctoPrint has been. a great addition to my printer to help manage prints and provide aditional functionaity. Searching the 3D Universe When starting out, where do you find objects to print? AD print search engine! Just like a Google search, your resuits are only as good as your search param- eters. Yeggi (www-.yeggi.com), Thangs (www.thangs. com), and Thingiverse (www.thingiverse.com) are the search engines and repositories I've used to find 8D prints, ‘Some of my favorite amateur radio prints include the following (see Figures 10 and 11 for some finished prints): wire winder (www.thingiverse.com/ thing:677249), dipole center for a telescoping mast (www.thingiverse.com/thing:894073), beginner CW_ paddle (www.thingiverse.com/thing:2054230), Yaesu FT-891 protection rails (www.thingiverse.com/ thing:4757295), and Icom IC-705 protective cage (www.thingiverse.comithing:4835269). When searching for ham radio 3D prints, not every proper noun or adjective generates the appropriate results. You might want to use only the radio model ‘number, or even a part of the model, when searching <4Figure 10 — 3D-printed sipote center, CW iambic paddle, and re winder, ‘AF igure 11 — 30-prnted Yaesu FT-891 protection rails.for a radio manufacturer. Get creative in your search to exhaust your choices (in other words, go beyond: ‘generic terms like “dipole center’ or “end fed’), as youll be surprised how prints are named within search engines. In October 2021, | created a video of different ham. radio-related 3D prints and showcased some of my ‘own prints (httpsi//youtu.be/3IvyUWqxoto). Designing Your Own Prints Tinkercad (www.tinkercad.com) is a web-based 3D tool that allows you to create designs and export them as STL files for your slicing software. Its a basic drag- and-drop interface that pulls shapes into your work- space and manipulates them as needed to add or subtract material o create your desired design. Tin- kercad is free to use, but you wil need to sign up for an ‘AutoCAD acoount. For more advanced users, Fusion 360 (www.autodesk.com/products/fusion-360) is ‘one of the best 3D modeling software packages | have found. To use Fusion 360 professionally, there is a yearly fee, but hobbyists who do not make any money ‘on designs can sign up for a free account. | find Fusion 360 to be an excellent modeling program, but it does have a steep learning curve. Many YouTube videos can help get you over that initial hump of “What's next?” Conclusion The 8D printing hobby is like any other hobby. I's. going to take time, dedication, and patience to get, started, but once you get the hang of i, it becomes more and more enjoyable. New 3D hobbyists should take baby steps. This hobby is not a sprint, but a mara- thon. Take one step at a time, perfect that task, and move on to the next. Nozzle height and bed leveling are key for that first- layer adhesion. Spend some quality time on those two tasks before tackling any big print. Download some interesting STL files, and explore the PrusaSlicer pro- gram. | suggest starting with small prints as you get to know how your printer behaves, and then move on to bigger 3D projects. In summary, | highly recommend the Prusa i MK3S+ printer for any hobbyist wanting a SD printer with many upgrades already included in the base model. This no- nonsense printer delivers right out of the box with quality prints and will be a workhorse for years. ‘Manufacturer: Prusa Research a.s. Partyzanska 188/7A, 17000 Prague 7, Czech Republic. www. prusa3d.com. Price: fully assembled version, $1,099; ink, $799, Flashforge Adventurer 4 Reviewed by Pascal Villeneuve, VA2PV va2pv@arrl.org While planning this column | found mysetf searching online for 3D printers and ended up buying one. In my shopping process, | read articles and watched many videos. My discoveries helped me decide what | wanted. As | was discovering the important and "nice to have" features mentioned in the introduction of this column, my budget kept increasing. | wanted something that could print as large as pos- sible, that was fully assembled (as | have limited time), that has an automatic leveling feature and a remov- able print bed, and that could print most types of mate~ tials. | also wanted a 3D printer that was completely ‘enclosed, because | didn't want my two cats to mess with my prints. Additionally, | wanted it to have a fiter for fumes. | noticed that some models that met my cri- teria accepted only 500 g spools into the enclosure holder, but the best prices were on the standard October 2022 4911 kg spools. There are many details like this to con- sider when buying a 3D printer. Finding one that matches all of my criteria was a challenge. Then | dis- covered the Flashforge Adventurer 4. Description ‘The Flashforge Adventurer 4 (not the Lite version) is @ completely enclosed 3D printer that accepts a 1 kg spool of 1.75-millimeter filament. It comes with two nozzles, one that goes up to 464 °F, which is good for most filaments (like the popular PLA), and the other that goes up to 509 °F The print volume is 220 x 200 x 250 millimeters, which is pretty good, The printer itself is huge. It looks like a mini refrigerator. The extemal siz is 19.7 x 18.5 x 21.3 inches (or 500 x 470 x 540 milimeters), and the weight is an impres- sive 57.3 Ibs (26 kg). The printer can be connected to your network via an Ethemet RU45 cable or Wi-Fi. An intemal low-resolu- tion camera with a light can monitor your print, which is Useful, as mine is installed in the garage. You can also transfer files into the printer via its USB port. A USB stick is included in the package, along with some print samples, lke a tool to remove the nozzle. The printer enclosure includes a preinstalled HEPA 13 air filter. The print bed is removable and magnetic, soit stays firmly in place when printing. | scratched mine on the first print while trying to remove the object, so | bought ‘a spare one online. However, | found later that the scratch really doesn't matter, as it doesn't affect the print quality. Over time I've learned that i's best to remove the print while the bed is stil a bit hot ‘The printer has a 4.3-inch touchscreen for setup and control. The Adventurer 4 can also recover a print after ‘a power outage and continue where it left off. This is ‘something to consider when printing a big job. In the box with the printer you will ind many different tools, like Allen keys, a screwdriver, spare grease, an tunelogging pin, a leveling card, and a red 1 kg spool of 4.75-milimeter PLA filament. Automatic Leveling ‘They say the Adventurer 4 is auto leveling, It's true Bottom Line The Flashforge Adventurer 4 is fully assem- bled with a filtered enclosure that is capable of printing most types of filaments. The only thing you need to master is the slicing soft- ware, as it works right out of the box. 50 October 2022 that you don't have to manually adjust any screws to level the bed, but i's not automatic. When | unboxed the printer and installed it, | frst eveled the table on Which it stood. Then | started the leveling process using the menu from the touchscreen. Itnneeds nine adjustments. Using the provided leveling card, you must adjust every point to ensure that you can remove the card under the nozzle that barely touches the bed in nine locations. Then you should adjust the height using the touchscreen. This ensures that the distance between the bed and the nozzle is the same every- where. It's not too complicated Loading and Changing the Filament Loading and removing the filament is straightforward Just follow the instructions on the printer touchscreen | bought many cifferent brands and types of filaments that | found on Amazon, and they all work fine. In one case, the tube guide between the spool motor (for loading) and the nozzle popped out and the filament got clogged in the printer. | was able to reinstall the tube very easily, and it printed this filament perfectly after. First Print and Slicing Software You can't print anything without slicing software. Flashforge includes their FlashPrint software, which is available for Windows, Linux, and MacOS. It's also on the USB stick that comes with the printer, but you can get the latest version on their website (www.flash- forge.com/product-detail/FlashPrint-slicer-for- flashforge-fdm-3d-printers). | didnt try any other software, because FiashPrint does everything | need, The printer is also compatible with third-party software like Stic3r and Cura, When the 3D printer was unpacked and leveled, and the software was installed on my PC, I searched for Figure 12— on the lett is my frst Ponto the ARRL fey chain. On the ‘ightis the second version painted vith ol paint pens.Figure 13 — A 3D-printed mic holder for my ‘Yaesu FT-891 Installed in my Jeep. “ARAL” on www.thingiverse.com and instantly found something for my frst print — an ARRL key chain. | downloaded the STL file, used the default printer set- tings for PLA in the slicing software, and printed my first job using the included filament. | also bought paint pens on Amazon and printed a second ARRL key chain using different settings. My son painted one of them, and it tuned out well (see Figure 12), but I noticed that if you rubbed the painted one too much the paint would stain your fingers. Maybe there's better paint out there for different types of plastic. Printing with the Adventurer 4 is very easy. On the same day | installed it, my two sons started to print items, and the printer was printing day and night for several days. | learned quickly that slicing was critical For example, if you print something that will be mechanical, you need strength, and you will need to increase the percentage of the infil and increase the outside layers for the print job. There are many adjust- ments to make in the slicing software, and the leaming curve is more complicated than | was expecting, 3D printing is an art. It requires trial and error to get accustomed to your printer and the filament. I noticed early on that sometimes the print turns out to be a bit smaller than expected. Some print materials will shrink more than others, so adjustments in the slicing soft- ware are necessary in order to print the correct size. In the slicing software you need to identity the filament ‘you will be using for the print. This is very important, as it determines the temperature of the print bed and the nozzle. The material needs to melt and stick correctly to the bed while i's printing. Every so often my print Figure 14 —A30-printed replacement leg for my Loge tech keyboard looks like a mix of hairs clogged together (known as “spaghett?’). This isa sign of incor rect settings. In wintertime my garage is heated to 60 °F, and | noticed that | needed to increase the bed and the nozzle of about 10°F from the default filament temperature in the slicing software to have a high-quality print Printing Projects Since March 2022 I've printed many useful items, lke the MBStack stand and watch case shown in the July 2022 issue of QST. One of my most recent prints is a mic holder for my new Yaesu FT-891 that is installed in my Jeep (see Figure 19). It may seem like a small project — and itis, — but this allowed me to have a mic holder the same color as my dash and use double-sided tape to hold it in place without any screws. With a broken leg on my Logitech keyboard, | found ‘one | could print from Thingiverse (see Figure 14). It probably cost me 10 cents, and a replacement online was about $15. | haven't printed any big amateur radio projects yet, but | really appreciate having a 3D printer in my home. | stil need to experiment with different types of mate- rials, other than PLA and ABS. Next | want to try PETG and ASA. Conclusion Before | bought the Flashforge Adventurer 4, I had ever owned a 3D printer. This was my first experi- ence, and it has been a great one. This model meets all of my requirements and expectations. I's straight- forward, and the only thing you need to master is the slicing software. It works right out of the box, its easy to level, and it does a great job. Manufacturer: Zhejiang Flashforge 3D Technology Co., Ltd, No.518 XianYuan Road, Jinhua City, Zhe- jiang Province, China. www.flashforgeshop.com. Price: starts at $849, Explore the QST Product Review Archive maser Search eviews by yea rss of publeation or by manufacturers ram. October 2022 51Dawe Casle, KEQOG, oskdove@ar org Ask Dave Get more information from the “QST: Ask Dave” YouTube playlist at https://bit.ly/3z2MBMI. DX, Ohm’s Law, Various Verticals, and Noise Fine 1g DX Jeff Witern, KEOKRO, asks! have an loom IC-7900 and a Kenwood TS-590SG. | also havea fan dipole as well asa Hy-Gain AV-680, but I cait get much DX. Would upgrading my raco pullin more distant signals, ors my location (the center of the US) the problem? | do not have room fora tower ora beam, ‘You have fine radios. Paying more for an HF radio is not .going to help much with weaker signals. I, 0, ive near the center of the US and have the same problem — 100 W_ and a vertical is not a hot DX station. And yet, hams in our situation continually reach DXCC. What's the secret? An improved, directional antenna with high gain helps, but the real solution comes down to your operating technique and perseverance, Become familiar with how the time of day and the time of year affect signal propagation. Look up "DX propagation pre- diction" to learn where your signal might land. Though these propagation forecasts are like predicting the weather — that is, not always reliable — they can really help. Like fish, DX stations wil bite at certain predictable times; for example, there are several worldwide DX contests throughout the year. You can also keep track of DXpeditions, which are spe- ial event stations in locations where ham radio is rare or nonexistent. These are usually announced beforehand. Italso helps to read as much as you can about DX. Every issue of QST contains Bernie McClenny's, W3UR, excellent “How's DX?" column. There are books written on the subject as well, and my favorite is The Complete DX'er by Bob Solar Powerpole one comedior 3 Extension cord 20 feet, #18 wie Locher, WKN Now in its third elton, the book is available ‘rom www.hamsupply.com/books. covers DXing on both phone and CW A Practical Example Using Ohm's Law ‘Tim Duerson, WEAYK, asks: | watched your YouTube video “Using Anderson Powerpoles to make 12 Volt Extension cord (#755).” Do you have to calculate the voltage drop for the long wire? How does the lost power affect the light? The extension cord is about 20 feet long with Powerpole connectors on each end. | used 18-gauge rediblack wire just because | had it on hand. The power souree is my photovoltaic system consisting ofa single 250W soar paanel, a charge controller, and a bank of four large 6 V de batteries connected in seres/parallel to provide a nominal 12V do (see Figue 1). Depending onthe time of day, the output voltage varies between 12 V de and 14 V de. Note ‘thatthe resistance ofthe 18-gauge wire is encountered twice: once on the way to the video light, and once on the way back. In Chapter 22, on page 22.39 of the 2021 edition of The ARRL Handbook for Radio Communications, Table 22.44 tells us that 18-gauge copper wire has a resistance of 6.986 © per 1000 feet, oF 0.006386 2 per 1 foot. For 20 feet, that's 0.1277 © each time the current transits the extension cord — 0.255 total. The voltage drop is therefore 2A x 0.255 0, oF 0.51 V. Testing shows that this does not cause an issue with the light. The power lost in the extension cord Video light R Figure 1 — The power cord for my video light isto short to reach my 12 V system, so | created an extension cord using Anderson Powerpole connectors on both ends, Note thatthe current encounters the extension cord resistance twice, 52 October 2022is computed from the direct current power law, or P = El. ‘That's 0.51 V x 2A, or 1 W. The 1 Wis distributed along the entire extension cord and adds negligible heat. Commercial Vertical Antennas Without Radials Allan Gartner, AE2V, asks: In QST, there are several advertisements for vertical antennas that state no radials are required. How can this be? What performance hitis there? ‘The classic vertical antenna is a ground-mounted pole (or wire that is 2/4 tall. The center wire ofthe coaxial feed line is connected to the bottom end of the pole, which is ingulated from ground. Attached to the coax shield are any number of radials. Opinions vary on how many and how long they should be. | recommend insulated wire and about, 20 radials, each 1025 feet long, One innovative design in the classic vertical category is the DX Commander Classic, fan vertical multiband antenna that offers portability and ease of handling, Why not just create a classic centered dipole and hang it vertically? That would work, but then you have the problem Of feeding it at the midpoint, You may argue that dipoles can bbe end/-fed, so why not end-feed a vertical dipole from the ‘bottom? That can certainly be done. Given that the antenna is electrically a 1/2 dipole, it does not require any additional radials. Various tricks are incorporated to make this a mult- ‘band dipole, and loading is added to shorten it toa reason- able height. The trade-off for the extra loading is that the antenna may not cover all of its bottom band — that's, because loading an antenna decreases its bandwidth. Numerous such antennas are avaliable, ike the Hy-Gain ‘AV-640 available through MFA. However, one problem with enc-feeding a vertical antenna is that the unun transformer at the bottom requires a coun- terpoise. On these antennas, that counterpoise usually con- sists of four or six wires juting out at 90 degrees from the base ofthe pole. To avoid ground effects in this scenario, many advise mounting the bottom end of the antenna at least 10 feet of the ground, They can be roof-mounted without issue. Note that the theoretical performance is the ‘same fora traditional ground-mounted antenna with radials (0r roof: mounted with tuned racials) and the newer electrical 1.22 verticals with a counterpoise, No-radial antennas can be ‘expensive and time-consuming to assemble. That brings us to a third class of antennas, which Il call “marketing antennas” These are compromise antennas with ‘one or two radials, or even no radials. Wil a vertical antenna with t00 few racials perform? Yes, but you wil get less per- formance than you would with a classic vertical. No matter how much you pay fora vertical, it stil has about the same {gain as a dipole. The advantage is a lower angle of racia- tion, which can be helpful when chasing DX. Noise Floor and Noise Figure Phil Karras, KEQFL, asks: Can antenna and transmis- sion line components create problems with noise floor and noise figure? This topic is one of the more esoteric aspects of radio, primarily affecting hams operating at UHF and higher frequencies. The universe is filled with thermally induced noise called adltive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). No ‘matter how high you go in frequency, you will encounter it. ‘Section 5:8 of the 2021 edition of The ARRL Handbook for Radio Communications cavers noise in detall, with equa- tions and drawings. | recommend it to those wanting a deeper level of understanding, but we can discuss the basics without resorting to mathematics. AtHF and even VHF; there is so much atmospheric noise (static) on the bands that noise figure doesnt play a sig cant role. n fact, my TEN-TEC 538 Jupiter manual says it has a noise figure of 11 dB. | measured it myself and discov- ered it was closer to 13 dB, yet these figures are unim- portant as the receiver does fine. Compared to static on the bands, the thermal noise is low enough to be ielevant. ‘As we move to higher frequencies (VHF and above), the situation changes. There is very litle atmospheric noise, so we can go afte significantly weaker signals; this is where we ‘un into thermal noise. At any normal temperature, the antenna creates thermal noise all by itself due to the feed line and connectors. The first amplifier encountered by the signal adds noise, too. This noise is called the noise figure. But all isnot lost, because the thermal noise added by sub- ‘sequent ampitication stages is much less than the amplified signal. The system noise figure is largely determined by everything prior to and including the first amplifier. ‘So, what can you do about noise? One option is to eliminate the transmission line and mount the first amplifier directly conto the antenna. Another is to use special amplifiers, such as parametric ampliiors, that add very litle extra noise. At room temperature, cabling from the output of the low-noise ‘amplifier (LNA) to the next amplification stage can be plain ‘ld cable. You can see this arrangement in satolite TV receivers. The LNA is located right at the feed point for the parabolic dish. If you want even lower noise, you have to liminate thermal noise at its source: heat. If the antenna and the LNA are cryogenically cooled to near 0 K, you can {get noise figures of less than 1 dB. This technique is used in, radio astronomy and for communicating with NASA satel- lites in deep space, ‘Send your questions to askdave@arrl.org, or fill out the form at www.keOog.net/ask-dave, | answer some questions here, and some via videos on my YouTube channel (www-youtube.com/davecasier), or during ‘my weekiy ivestream on Thursdays at 6:45 to 8:15 PM ‘Mountain Time on my channel. October 2022 53‘Stove Ford, WBBIMY, wh8imy@or.net Eclectic Technology How Much RAM Do You Need? Random-access memory (RAM) is your station computer's short-term storage vault, as opposed to the long- term storage of a hard drive. RAM is atthe heart of your computer's abilty tomultitask. Thanks to RAM, you can keep multiple windows open and vari- ‘ous programs running simultaneously. For example, when I'm operating slow-scan television (STV), | have my MMSSTV application open as well ‘as my logging program and SOR receiver application. ‘The more RAM your computer has, the more capacity there is to run mul- tiple processes without slowing down, ‘The key is figuring out how much FAM you need to support whatever yyouire doing at your station. Memory is, expensive, and like most things in life, there's no need to waste money on ‘something you donit need. Sil if youire about to purchase a computer without upgradable RAM (like many Macs and thin and light laptops), you need to consider not only how much RAM you need today, but how much yyou might need down the road, Future-Proofing Versus ‘Overspending If youre hoping to future-proof your device, it wort hurt fo buy as much RAM as you can reasonably afford. Lower amounts of RAM might suit you today, but as applications become more demanding over time, your eom- puter wil start io show its imita- tions, Not spring- ing for exra RAM Up font could leave you yearning for an upgrade in only a fow years. 54 October 2022 For most hams, 8 GB of RAM is ade- uate. That's enough to comfortably browse the web with multiple tabs ‘open, manage your budgeting spread- sheets, run your digital mode applica- tions, and keep your logging software operating smoothly. But while 8 GB ‘might be decent in 2022, what about 20247 Remember 2014, when 4 GB was considered more than enough? If you are running several memory-hun- {ry applications at once, 4 GB is con- sidered marginal today. Developers aren't going to stop adding power and functionality to their apps, and though it would be nice if they created programs that were more RAMeffcient, that hasnit been the ‘tend. f your budget will bear the strain, 16 GB of RAM is highly recom- ‘mended for a 2022 machine, espe- cially if your station computer sees use by other family members (for gaming, video editing, and more). Save Money Buying RAM From a Third Party ‘If the computer youre buying does not allow for RAM upgrades aftr the pur- chase, then requesting as much RAM as you can afford in the intial order is priority, However, machines that allow you to upgrade later afford you an opportunity to save money while also extending their usable life spans. Several so-called “ticks of random= yar, en Selt-nstalling extra RAM used to be ‘common practice for those in the know. If future-proofing on a budget is some- thing that interests you, look into com- puters that let you upgrade RAM on your own. Purchasing RAM from a third-party vendor and then adding it to your new computer can expand perfor- ‘mance at a lower cost than buying one with the desired RAM already installed, That's All, Folks! Ive been writing the “Eclectic Technol- ‘ogy’ column for QST since 2008, and ithas been a fascinating journey. considered signing off when | retired from ARAL in August 2020, but QST Editorial Director Becky Schoenfeld, WIBXY, convinced me to keep going ‘a while longer. To quote the character ‘of Michael Corleone from The Goata- ther: Part ill, “Just when | thought | was ‘ut they pull me back in? But seriously — while I've always enjoyed sharing technological curiosi- ties with you, even the best things ‘must someday end, There is so much | want to do in retirement and only so ‘many hours in a day. Besides, QST ‘needs contributions from younger writers with fresh perspectives on our fabulous hobby. | hope you've found "Eclectic Technol- ‘ogy" worth your time each month. | also hope it offered helpful advice and in- spired you to explore ideas you may not have considered otherwise. That's been the not-so-hidden agenda of the col- ‘umn for the past 16 years. If my scrib- blings have motivated even a few of you to try diferent approaches to enhancing your amateur radio experiences, then I consider the effort a success.Poul Wade, WIGHZ, wigha@arr.org Microwavelengths DX by Rain Scatter on 10 and 47 GHz, Plus 78 GHz DX Quite a bit of microwave DX has been reported this past spring, and its great o see folks taking advantage ‘of good conditions rather than waiting for contests. On 47 GHz and higher, water vapor due to high humicity attenuates signals and limits range (see "Microwave- lengths" in the July 2019 issue of QS7), so the favor- able weather helps, 100. ‘Starting in early March, Hugh Duff, VASTO; Peter Pra- bucki, VASELE, and Kevin Hobbs, VESKH, set out to work five grids on 47 GHz to achieve VUCC. They uti lized local showers for rain scatter on 47 GHz while roving to grids adjacent to FNO3. For shorter rain- scatter contacts, the dishes were aimed at higher angles. Hugh and Peter then used the low humidity on ‘Aptil 30 to improve their previous best 47 GHz DX. Hugh set up on the Niagara Escarpment (see Figure 1) at the west end of Lake Ontario while Peter drove east along the north shore. They completed contacts with ‘good phone signals at 150, 167, and 184 kilometers, as, ‘Wel as a final, more dficul contac at 220 Miometers Figure 1 — Hugh Dut, VASTO, set up fr 10, 24, and 47 GHe ‘on GW with a fading signal. Don the Nagara Escarpment. Hugh Duf, VASTO. photo) In June, Henry Ingwersen, KT1J, worked five grids on 78 GHz to achieve VUCC, and | accompanied him to try for 47 GHz VUCC. We traveled to Whiteface Mountain in New York, FN34bi, with René Barbeau, VE2UG, and Mike Seguin, N1JEZ, as rovers to dis- tant grids (see Figure 2).Ittook two trips on low-humidity mornings to complete contacts with five grids, with best DX of 147 Kilome- ters. Signals were strong on both bands, ‘and most contacts were on SSB. | also attempted a 24 GHz contact with VESKH at 490 kilometers. We were able to detect each ‘other's signals, but not well enough to com- plete a CW contact. On June 29, N1JEZ and Don Twombly, W1FKF, went to Mount Washington, New Hampshire, FN4dig, while \VE2UG went to Mount Hereford, Québec, FIN45eb. They completed contacts on 47 ‘GHz and finished VUCC for Don, but condi- io ya ory tignerson RIV), ae Rob Conway NIVT sgn 78 Ghz te background René Barbeau, VEZUG, pote) sa October 2022 55tions were not good enough for 78 GHz. Then we attempted 10 GHz with stations near Toronto, but prop- gation was too poor. It takes cooperation, planning, and good conditions to make DX contacts on these higher bands. Overcoming significant distances is possible; operating from a high altitude or over an unobstructed path helps immensely, 10 GHz Rain-Scatter DX (On 10 GHz, strong thunderstorm activity in the Midwest has enabled many contacts at distances well over 600, kilometers. In Kansas, Greg Cemy, WOOP, borrowed a tig from Pete Sias, NOOY, and made his frst 10 GHz contact on May 10, then his frst rain-scatter contact two days later. The following day, he worked five stations in ‘Texas — the longest was vim McMasters, KMSPO, at 711 kilometers. Most rain-scatter contacts use CW, but this one was NBFM; the video of this contact on FIM is uite impressive, The dispersion from multiple reflec- tions distorts SSB, but it only adds noise to FM modula- tion. A longer rain-scatter contact was made by Gedas \Wysniauskas, WEBYA, and Greg Clausen, WOLGQ, on June 21. It was about 890 kilometers from Indiana to lowa (see Figure 3). CW was requited for this one. ‘These long rain-scatter contacts were over relatively flat terrain — the altitude was provided by the high thunderheads scattering the signals. Some severe ‘storms reach altitudes greater than 50,000 or 60,000 feet, allowing for these extremely long contacts. The storm between Kansas and Texas (see Figure 4) reached 68,000 feet. The screenshot was taken just afterward. We dont often get such severe storms in the northeast US, but we do have mountains from which to operate (and tornadoes are very rare). There is microwave activity even without rain scatter. Microwave Activity Day has become a tradition in the Miciwest and Northeast, with stations on bands from 1296 MHz and up. Be Prepared The conditions that enable good DX are transient and unpredictable, so stations must be ready in order to take advantage. | leave my 10 GHz rig on constantly, monitoring a distant beacon, s0 | know that itis set up ‘and working properly when I get a call or text. On June 8, Larrived home late in the afternoon and saw a text {rom VE2UG that he would be at FN45be until 1700 local time. That grid is rarely activated, and I didnt want him to get away. The direct path is blocked by a local hill, so | quickly checked www.rainscatter.com for pos- sible scattering, but found nothing usable, We agreed to 56 October 2022 (ek Sos gure 3— An excepto gon oatir cnn of nary ES Groin bouton Getas yeas, WOBVA, a inlona fd Greg Cisse HELO, na, (Sedat Vysnianas IWOEYA pot} Figure 4 — Path for rain-scater contact from Greg Cemy, Pn Kansas. to Al Ward, WSLUA, near Dallas, Texas. [Greg Corny, WOBP, photo} try a bounce path off the Green Mountains in Vermont ‘After a bit of searching, René found my signal and we were able to complete a weak CW contact for a new ori. ‘Some microwavers dont have a suitable home station, but they have a nearby location that they are prepared to set up quickly. For instance, VASTO is able to set up (on a local raioad overpass within about 30 minutes when conditions are promising, Others must travel a {good distance for a decent location, so planning and cooperation with others is necessary: Whatever it takes, getting on the air is the most important part.Jt Piney Lor mls 1) Christian Bravo, W4ALF 3D printing involves the build of a three-dimensional object from a computer-aided design (CAD) model ste- reoiithography (STL) file. This is usually done by adding thermoplastic material layer by layer with an extrusion-type printer. The process starts with an STL file containing all of the 3D coordinates of an object. STL files are available online to download and open in software that preps the file, adds details specific to yyour printer, and follows instructions about how you want to print the object, ‘3D printers for consumer use are now priced at about $200 per desktop unit. The thermoplastic materials Used for printing are also readily available and afford- able. I've printed several items for myself, including a center support for a dipole antenna, a VFO knob for my ‘Yaesu FT-817ND, and a straight key, to name just a few. The STL File There are vatious file types used for 3D printing — STL, addi- tive manufacturing file (AMF), and Wavefront OBJect (OB) — but we will focus on one of the most common, the STL file. An STL file contains the 3D coordinates, or CAD model, that define an object to be printed. It will ultimately be used by slicer software to create a G-code output file that the 8D printer will ead and print Typically, newcomers to 30 printing will start with ready-to-go STL files that others have created. You can alternatively use CAD software or online tools to create your own. The free and paid versions of Fusion 360 October 2022 57Overview of 3D Print Process STL, AMF, O84, MF 29, wor thingverse.com Slicer sotware Can) | Sosa Load G-code fe Brinter ane pent product (eoae mo and the Tinkercad tool, as well as the free application OpenSCAD, are all options to play around with Slicer Software and G-Code Files Slicer software like Slic3r and Cura can be down- loaded for free. There is also fee-based software, such as Simplify3D. Slicing programs create layers of the ‘object that you want to print by translating CAD draw- ings into a file that 3D printers can read. ‘After you have opened the STL fie in the slicer pro- (gram and added the settings for your printer, you can now save a G-code fil, which contains commands for how a 3D printer should print a job. It stores instruc- tions in plain text, with each line representing a dif- ferent command, These commands determine how fast the printer should print, the temperature at which it should be set, where the printing parts should move, etc. An SD card is typically used to get the G-code file onto the printer, but you can also get a Wi-Fi- ‘enabled printer that allows transfer of the file without one, ‘Your choice of software might be influenced by what ‘works well with your printer, or by what software your fiends use — give them a call and ask questions! That's exactly what | did, Finding Something to Print Online repositories such as www.thingiverse.com include STL files for thousands of printable items that pertain to every interest. AS | write this aricle, a search for “ham radio” yields 28 pages of ham- related files. There are many other popular sites, ike www.cults3d.com, with a plethora of STL files to browse, load, and print. 58 October 2022 wr asso S002 PLA filament roll Cooling fan Monoprice 3D printer with an 8 x 8 x Binch print area and @ heated print bed The Printer 3D printers operate on the X,Y, and Z axes to deposit successive layers of material onto the print bed until the object is fully rendered. This method is called fused deposition modeling (FDM). The material is a roll of thermoplastic known as a filament, and itis dispensed by the printer through a heated extruder and nozzle. ‘Some printers have heated beds or enclosed print areas to improve layer adhesion. Temperatures at the‘An antenna loading coll for portable use printed with polyiacte acid (PLA). nozzle average about 180 °C, but this depends on the filament material being used Printer specs will include a particular print arealsize capability. This determines the maximum size of an individual print object per print job. Typical print bed sizes are about 8 x 8 x 8 inches. However, this does Not limit the final size of the end product. Large items are usually printed as multiple print objects that are later assembled into a larger object. Desktop 3D printers are now quite affordable, and entry-level models can be purchased for $200 - $300 ‘on Amazon. Some popular brands to check out are Monoprice, Prusa Research, ELEGOO, Creality, and Flashforge. But i's no problem if you'e not ready to purchase a printer yet — most public libraries now offer print services for minimal cost or free. There are also third-party, fee-based print services available from many of the same sites that provide STL files, which makes 3D printing as simple as point, click, and pur- chase. Print Filament Typically, a single 3D printer is compatible with at least a couple of different filament types. Filaments are mostly thermoplastics such as polylactic acid (PLA), acryioni- ttle butadiene styrene (ABS), conductive PLA, and polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), to name a fw. Filaments come in many colors and textures, including translucent or metallic. On average, fiament diameters are approximately 1.75 milimeters. Your choice of material will depend on the application; for example, PLA is easy to print, fairly flexible, and biode- gradable, and it has high tensile strength, but itis not UV or heat resistant. ABS is more durable and heat resistant than PLA, but itrequires increased ventilation during printing. Some brands of filament to consider are HATCHBOX 3D, 9D Solutech, Iniand, and even ‘Amazon Basics. Filament rolls tend to run for about $20. Final Thoughts Now that 3D printers have become accessible, ham radio operators can benefit from yet another tool for experimentation! Most entry-level printers and slicer software have fairly comparable features. it may be helpful to buy the same one that a friend has, so you can have a reliable resource for setup and usage. Be patient with your first prints. It takes a few tries before getting the temperatures right fora particular fila~ ‘ment, or the print bed-to-nozzle clearance at optimal printing height. For reference, check out an example print of an antenna loading coll created by SA2CLC at www:thingiverse.com/thing:4525375. Note that youl eed 10-gauge solid copper wire, gator clips, banana clips, and a spare SO-239 connector to complete this. Buddipole taps also work well for this col Cristian Bravo, WAALF. earned his Extra-class license in 2014, He has achieved ARRL DXCC on rine bands, ARAL WAS on {vo bands, and most recently, VUCC Satelite and WAS Satelite. He is 42 GW instructor with CWops CW Academy and is an active par ‘iipant in Summits on the Air (SOTA) and Paris on the Air® (POTA), Portable low-power operations and CW aro his favorito ‘styles of operating. Ho currently works as a security engineer for Koger Technology. He can be reached at wall @arrnet For updates to this article, see the QST Feedback page at www.arr.orgifeedback. October 2022 59Students Experience Amateur Radio in a Hands-On STEM Camp Joshua Reichard, K8KJR This past spring, students from Youngstown, Ohio, fet the joy of amateur radio in a STEM camp focused on. satelite communications. The Mercer County Amateur Radio Club (MCARC) and DX Engineering partnered with Valley Christian Schools and Mainline Education Foundation to host the week-long camp, which intro- duced students to basic radio theory, shortwave lis- tening, and satellite operating on the 2-meter an 70-centimeter bands. The 12 students who partici- pated each received their own Tecsun PL:600 SSB shortwave receiver, a pre-programmed Baofeng UV-5R (with transmit disabled), Ward Silver's Ham Radio for Dummies, and a variety of other take-home resources, including a Yagi antenna they built them- selves. ‘The city of Youngstown has been ranked with one of the highest childhood poverty rates in the US, and its public schoo! district has been in academic and fiscal 60 October 2022 3s by con and more. distress for more than 15 years. Providing amateur radio education and equipment to disadvantaged stu- dents gave them opportunities they may not have oth- erwise received. The camp was designed as an enrichment education activity to address learning loss due to school shutdowns during the pandemic. It was livia Reichard is featured on local television as she checks the features of her rad.funded by a federal grant and generous donations by DX Engineering (thanks to CEO Tim Duffy, K8LR) and individual donors, ‘This was the fourth annual STEM camp organized by Dr. Josh Reichard, KBKJR, former Assistant Superin- tendent at Valley Christian, and David Richardson, KSKDR, ditector of a local community computer lab. ‘Tommy Gober, NSDUX, a professional STEM curric- Ulum developer from the nonprofit CYBER.ORG, trav- led from Houston, Texas, to lead the satelite portion of the camp — including the antenna build "it was a pleasure to visit Youngstown, connect with friends in ‘amateur radio, and spend time introducing students to| the hobby” said Gober. Dr. Reichard, Richardson, Duffy, Barney Scholl, KSLA, and Carol Scholl, KBLEA, also taught classroom portions of the camp. Local tele- vision station WKBN covered the event. “I definitely plan to get licensed,” said Corban Ulery, a seventh grader at Valley Christian. “I have been lis- tening to our local repeater every day and cant wait to be] tat Storing ‘Tyler Blackham, George Blake, Frances Bonto, Ethan Boyd, Christopher | Brinkerhof, Kervat i) KESHPA kesror Brau KDSYVJ WEBBEQ” Bullington, ThoDayion —ThelvngW._ The Amatour Thal. Cobk, TheAmatour —TheRotet ., WSMB Amaleur Rado Cook WADCGS, RadoDgisl TheHelen WARINL, and” -RadoDigial_— WEST. and” The Robes A. ‘Associaton Scholarship" Communications LaughinaM Jean Cabik,__Comnmurications. Donna Fosriguez, Senoarship (ARDC) Node Memorial NATZP. Memorial (ARDC) WEDUS, Streeter KEAUIN, ‘Scholarship Scholarship ‘Schelarsip Scholarship Scholarship" Scholarship ‘Anson Andy Westin Cobb, Caroline Matthew Cox, Yettve Jonathan Crist, Alison Dean, Chennauit, —Chrzanowskl,_KISFRF Conoly, KITAIB. KxeMit Crestohi,1TG KMECLP koaiok’ SION. kcsoar TheRchadW. 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Amateur Feo Gub(PVRC) Club Scholarship. Scholarship Sra aq ze) & 2 i oma! } 4 Med sx "SS Garth Nallon, Gabriele ———DakotaNybers, isco.” —KEMHTE Ryan Olson, KETKIG. Nelson, ooo eee MhellaryLou —-RMBDYO. ‘The ols Manley, KESUVL THe ARRL Bn The K2TEO Kilgore ‘The Davi Knaus Foundation Scholrip ‘Matin J. Green, Randal Memorial General Fund Se, Mero Pichos, Scholarship Scholarship Scholarchip wwrzz, ‘Scholarship = * yk At Colin Pokowitz, RyanPolk, Jeffrey BryanRascoll, Dru Reba, Canpoel Reed, wowoes ilu Purchateke, K@SHVO_ Kcszux KOsGeK The ake TeARRL ——_KMBUFK. TreAmateur The Emest The Richard W. NeClam Driver Foundation ‘Tha Charles. Rado Digtal_Baulsh W2TX, Bendekaen, Scholarship" General Fund FsherMemoral Communtcatons andMarca E.”—N7ZL. Meme Schoarshio” Scholarship” (ARDC) Bauch Scholarship. Scholarship WAZAK, Scholarship ‘Sarah Richter, David Rock, KGSRE KGDWR TheTomand The Amateur slush Comstock Radio Digital Scholarship Communications (aRoo) ‘Scholarship Lae Tyler Rust, KeskPK ‘The Chek len, Away. Christopher Schotrship Scola, KIBEKG The che Fraaler KOFWF, ‘Stholarship 88 October 2022 Lance Rolka, Abigail Rollins, Caleb Rollins, Veronica Hannan Kalob Rude, kNans 2a KN6ODW "Romanek, Rosenfeld, ——KNAJG Tre Donald -‘TheAmateur. ‘The KEGO Gayle KDZUHN. WrHER ‘TheMichael R. Ricbhot RadioDigtal Olson and TheAmateur The Amstew Ware, NN, Memorial CCommunicalons NAGMIB Mike Rado Digial_—-RadoDigtal_—_ Scholarship ‘Scholarship (ARDC) Binge Cammunicatons. Communications Scholarship Scholarship (ARDC) (aoc) Scholarship Scholarship Ce Simon Schwartz Emma Schaefer, David Schnoor, Tyler Schroder, Lee Schuett,, — ‘Matthew Self, Kones"" Kowsee "Rees Kier” TheNow Emad epg TreAmeteur TreiRARC The Manland The East Coast Federation ES The James Rado Digital Memoria, Milan Auniny Amott Redo MESSE Cota, KOON ‘Communations Joseph P Rade Series,” Servce (ECARS) Sets Ama Scholarship aro, Fabre, Benn) Scamp’) FosoAtaes, Soni — Wadtino, Silas sore ‘Scholarship °Lukas Renee Smith, Matthew Spiker, Severinghaus, ko2ie2 KYIF KKEAXG. ‘The Ted, ‘The Fiz Nisch ‘The amateur WAVER and WANTO, Radio Digtal_—Clubof Chicago oe, KALWV, Memo CCommunicatlons Scholarship Goldhorpe Scholarship (aoc) Scroarsnp Schotarship Danesh Upton, Michael Wade, Megan Wagner, katore WBSYN kewEGH TheRinderLLC TheARRL The New Eng- Titel Foundation land Federation Greenberg, GeneralFuné of Easton W2LH.and Mac Scholarship’ Massachusetts eine Greenbers, ‘Amateur Radio W2EEO, Memo: ‘Aszosatons ‘al Scholarship (FENARA) Scholarship Ruth wilt, Gavyn Wilson, kariao. Thoamator The Joo Rado Digia,__ Miler, WTPOX. ‘ommuncalons and Waa Gaarrneabons er sem H Ser chip ag y » WFOUNDATIO! funn be, coun sieves, NESSES sharon ami, abyss ao Set Te Mocope foster” Nahr Zhowshp” Scholarship Rago Digtal Sates eee Seale Caleb Gregory Washington, Westmoreland, kNGHPS kseee ‘The Chalenge The Rober A Met Scilasin Rodeauee, Sehotatship Jeanetto Zhou, ikNeDaD The Amateur Fado Digtl Communeatons (aroc} Schoarehip October 2022 89Certificate of Code Proficiency Sponsored by VIBROPLEX ‘www.vibroplex.com Recipients This month, ARAL recognizes merit and progress in Morse code proficiency on the part ofthe folowing individuals, who have achieved proficiency at the following rates, in words per minute. May 2022 June 2022 Arthur E. Bleicher, Jr, WB9CHR: Carl H. Schmiat, WABZTZ James J. Werth, KD1AO ‘Michael A. Krahenbuhl, KOARA George |. Levy, NC2M Michael M. Piehl, K7LNT George |. Levy, NC2M Jonathan Powel, KOANYZ ‘Ariel P Jacala, NY4G. John M. Gomperts, WB7TEM Fred M. Jacobs, KC2PK Lance B. Salmonsen, WAI William J. Walsh, KO4MKK Mathew J. Blauser, KTSWB Charles Lynn Fricks, AFSFE David J. Redanz, NSHX July 2022 ‘James R. Bridgers, N4BNO Eugene W. McPherson, NOMHJ Maury J. Greenberg, WE2MSB John W, Sizel, NEHCN Congratulations to all ofthe recipients. Gary C.Tartanian, K3WK Fred M. Jacobs, KC2PK Michael A. Krahenbuhl, KOARA George |. Levy, NC2M October 2022 W1AW Qualifying Runs AW, the Hiram Percy Maxim Memorial Staion at ARRL Head- quarters in Newington, Connecticut, ransiils Morse code ‘Qualifying Runs to assist ham radio operators in increasing and perfecting their proficiency in Morse code. Amateur rac opera {ors can eam a Cerificate of Code Proicency or endorsements by kstenng to W1AW Qualifying Runs. ‘Gciober Qualifying Runs vill be ransmited by WiAW in Newington, Connecticut a the times shown on 1.8025, 3.581, 71087-5, 14.047 5, 18,097 5, 21.067 5, 28.067-5, 80.360, and 147.555 MHz, The West Coast Quaifying Runs willbe ans- mitted by KH6TU on Wednesday, Ocober 26, a PM HST {0400 UTC on October 27) on 7047-5 and 14047 5 kHz. Unies indicated otherwise, sending speeds are from 40 to 10 WPM. ‘Amateur radio operators who participate in Qualifying Runs may submit proof of 1 minute ofthe highest speed they have copied in the hope of qualifying for the Cerificate of Code Proficiency, or an endorsement to their existing certificate, Legily copy at east 1 minute of text by hand, and mal the sheet to: IAW Qualifying Runs, 225 Main St Newingion, CT USA 06111 Include $10 (check o money order) i this is @ ‘submission for your inal Cade Proficiency 10 Certificate; $7.50 i you are applying for an endorsement (avaliable for speeds up to 40 WPM), Your test wll be checked against ‘Monday 10/3 4PM = 20002 10-35 WPM Columbus Day the actual transmissions to determine f you 10-: have qualified, Members of the North Fulton (Georgia) ‘Amateur Radio League (https:/inar.org) fare offering to subsicize the foal cost of a Code Proficiency certificate or endorsement 0/24 10 PM 02002 10 40WPM 7PM =29002 —10WPM, som ‘4 PM—20002 1018 9AM 12002 10125 4PM ~ 20002 (1025-UTC) 35 - ‘submission for any ingividual age 2 years and younger, and who reside in eer the US or Canada, Participants who wish to make use ofthis ofer should indicate on thei qualifying run submis ‘sons they are age 21 or younger, ad certily as such via their ‘Signature. Eligible participants are not required lo send any fee ‘with their Code Proficiency submissions Fr more information about Qualifying Runs, please vst wawartlorgiqualifying-run-schedule, For information about how to qual forthe Cerificate of Code Proficiency, please visit worn arr orgicode-proficiency-certificate CUR een eee eed (Steet Tuesday Friday 107 ‘9AM 12002 10-35 WPM Wednesday Thursday 1018 10 PM 02002 (1077 — utc) 10-40WPM. 103 9AM 13002 35 - 10 WPM 1018 sone 7PM 23002 10- 40WPM 4014 10 PM— 02007 (105 — utc) 10-35 WPA 10721 4PM 20002 10-40WPM ‘a5 WPA 109 10 PM— 02002 (1o20— UTC) 10 WPM 10720 7PM. 22002 3S WPM 10-35 WPM 10728 7PM = 29002 10WPM 10-35 WPMNovember 1972 A Look Back OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ARR October 2022 91November 1972 7me TRANSCEIVER Some Tips on Wa0N! 1970 Successful QRP Operation 2 e BY ROBERT B. STECKER,* W2DNJ FP RAmI0 18 ire things 0 erent ‘people. | have boen an enthusiast of low | QRP operating is becoming very pop- power over the years and to me it much ike ly | lar among amateurs iso operate the Fishing witha delicate rod and ight line. Making an | rand. ob bands. By. presentalay Unexpected “catch” of 4 rare one is one of the reat thls of our hobby. standards, low power can mean Surpriingy long distances can be covered | anything from 100 watts to less than a segulatly with a watt or woanda simple antenna. | watt, depending on one’s point of Successful ORP operation, however, reavires | Siew, The operational techniques en fenton to many tlk: Hare te eon ioe eee cone ployed vary wit the amount of power 1) An claborate antenna system isn’t necessary, developed by the QRP transmitter. No ee sae eran ned eased | neeicrees occ ieee ecsenteeneeee nursonre need |W iscaarae ese ee acs SESS ca ean a | te rome mee ser ee ae aro corel reas someone cafes oe espe Ses sacate maenay | only «mat (orl te entrar et el esi wba iipncomey |p cate clock gree we Speceeen amen nem careat [Emre d caneer tees ives away 20 dB toa 100-watt station therefore T eee puree ‘at atord low any efficiency. Theantenna sa | lovely hours pounding bras or speak {quarter wavelength above the ground and the feed | ing into bis micropbo Tine runs away perpendicular from the antenna to | ingful results. The fun and pleasure minimize unbalanced currents. The SWR at 7050 | derived from QRP type operating ir 108 tol ; comes from making contacts (and fin 3) My experience indcaes that 2. VEO is a necesity for ORP work, You must look for | ‘bing them) successfully. Presented Snows they seldom come looking for yours | bere it alist of items. the author tmcans you must be sie to operate on the other | comsiders “essential” for enjoyable op. {bows frequency Crystal controls oo confining | Smacing” While most af tevebives fall low-power transistorized circuits. You need the cult to argue with success. The autbor NSlyoutand constuction Sqeezng equipment | asa impresive log’ Ifyou bave tried into too smalls space can case itil. In | QRP and didn’t lite i, perbaps you've tempting to make circuits salt very sty 0 sass weaeibes ‘ationalize the shminstion of "unnecessty saitciial 400 Hamaton Ave,, White Pains, NY 1060, November 1972 n 92 October 2022November 1972 components (like 4 Zener diode) which stabilize the owailstor supply voltage S) Correctly shaped eying is 4 real asset in ORP work. An SH or SS signal that fs crisp and clean cam cut through QRM when mushy, pootly shaped signals of greter strength are unreadable. ‘Shaping networks are among the “unnecessary” Components. that are sometimes omitted. from Tow-power equipment to sive space! ‘6) It is important to send at a comfortable specd and "to form letters and” words ‘wal Remember, when You are using low power, the ther fellow may be working hard to pull you through. Make it as easy as you can for him 1) Pick your operating frquency carefully. The F + Use.compacorabe» 208 Menor Camels» nal try Operon Ceity «Todas Cameco But gh ty Oar =05 gpm ae + zoa6ainps ARS" Oat Commune « 2° High Ros Ful-osr TF Oly» High-Speed ard See» ans FU ig Made» Heng cn TOR ‘RETAIL LOCATIONS - Store hours 10:00AM - 5:30PM - Closed Sunday ‘PHONE ~ Tol-free phone hours 8:30AM - 5:30PM ‘ONLINE - WWW.HAMRADIO.COM ‘© FAX Al store locations 1 MAIL All store locations FIM-AOOXD | 211/440 Mobil * Gur dln, tu, rage, ple, gy» GPRS * Pct 1200300 ead «Sct sone «Bao os ot « mmr bar + system Fason Compatile + Lage Ft Spek deters 700 We Las Ao Out = buamate Node Soke eo CAPM oF ale 2 Sees Seorry» Hap 105 ‘Chanel eo Cait « era cack De Supa aty Chargeg FT-SDR car + gh ul Cl Seon TFT LOD Disa «Ey Has an Operon wut ‘Beto Unt Bat nigh ron PS eto 2009800 APS Daa Conn Cat» Sips Saar CAF Opt = WoO Cash Comet Cra de ape Onsen + Large Ft Speer Oars Wf Powe (kar Audo« Stoel owe iin ‘ campt Boy « 2.5 ar Rags Care I ‘hte Lage Whee LED Fatt, arm and Dick Hane antl zoe “ew Use pean e200 at Osa 1 Feout She Dele 3 tC, Cri ie hao ‘att Ft ant in Moun i Mtl Pesos = Sipps Ona tubo Vee Opean Us be SS Br r acon Ae Buea Heat YAESUSn) TRS VOTED E) mrasrarep aman canceling)product!, New [nHUfine Modhite New i audio - Latest bhi ompast In-Line noise canceling sit Up to 6548 tone reduction ee ec 8 filter levels 9 to 40dB ee ine/speaker level inputs - Use mobile with AA batteries Pl a on gle function switch for ‘Off, “On”and “DSP” filter [Eas " ~ Audio overload LED aes , - Audio bypass feature ~~ DX)enameerina ~Headphone socket J radi DXEngineering.com -1-800-777-0703 WAMUDIHiicLeom joy clear receive audio! “1-256-428-4644 © #0. 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ME Lower Supplies Teas oe, 30 Amp, 4-16 Volts Adjustable, Inghvcuvent Volt/Amp Meter, 5Wx21/2Hx6D” switching Ham Radio's Best Seller! ower supply SI MFJ-4230MV is ham radio's best compact switching ives 75A max/70A contind- power supply ~ just 5Wx2'/.Hx6D" and 3 lbs. Takes up It us. Great for ALS-500M lle room on your operating position and perfect for home amplifier. Adjustable output station, field day, DXpeditions, camping, hiking or for your 4°16 VOC! 110/220 VAC. é next business tp or vacation’ Gives 254 continuously or Binding posts, quick con- 30Amps surge at 13.8 VDC. Voltage is front panel nects, PowerPoles™, ciga- adjustable 4-16 VDC. Selectable input voltage of 120 or Fett lighter socket on ont. | MFJ-4230MVP, +169" 240 VAC at 47-63 Hz lets you cary it with you and use it Battery charger gives charg- | PowerPoles™ on back. ‘worldwide, Front panel rocker switch lets you choose ing current of 208 max, 5, MFJ-4230MPF, Amp/Volt meter for continuous monitoring. Cool operation with excellent 75% efficiency. Extra low ripple and noise continuous. 87.WxS'7H 9" $9150" Only 10.5 lbs, Po 1 is less than 100 mV, I's quiet! Continuous air flow gently ‘45-Amps, *199" ‘0s the power supply and a heat sensor increases fan MPJ-a245M MFJ-4230DMP, speed ifthe temperature rises above 70 degrees celsius. Switching — Fo] 479" Over-voltage and over-current protection fully protects power supply Like ME-42s0MvP your transceiver and has ALARM LED. DC output is 5- jives 454 las bright orange way binding posts on the back so yourcan power your See AS continuous. 918 \_. allel VaWVAmp dsplay. 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AC: 85-135/170- pNoit meters, binding switcher has Sway binding VDC switcher has 2-pair_ 280 VAC. S-ways, cig sock Bosts, cigarette ahter sock- posts on font and quick PowerPoles”. S-way posts, MFJ-4218MV, $139.95, 0-24 et 1» SNA at connects on back. 3.5 Ibs. quick connects. 3.5 Ibs. VDC, 18A013.8/9As24VDC. " 7 = ahi al MFJ High Current DC Multi-Outlet Strips splitters, | power multiple transceivers/accessories from a single DC power supply 1404, 16 MF-1118, 119° MFI-1129, "154" Spitter, 30 Amp andlor VHF rigs fused input, out- Jang six accessories from rigs 12 VOC sup- three SA, three 10A, two 25A, one 40A, 01 puts fused at 25, 10, |ply. 38Ahigh-current and 198 accessory” lets. 2 5A, Open fuse indicator. binding posts, Voltmeter, anioff switch 5A high current post, outlet 9, 10-are 15A eareerttents Master fuse, RF bypass. $27,Wi2'.Hi2'/.D". posts. 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Wi x2." 300 total. 7 sets four HFIVHF radios MFJ-1124, 909" ees simultaneously ~ 2 at fara a pairs 35A PowerPoles", 2 of mating cer 35A each, 2 at 254 combined. 8Wx2Hx30" pairs 36A high current posts MP4J Enterprises, Inc. 300 industrial Pk Ra, Starkville, Ms 39759 VS (Sia) ~ a ) Pepe FA Phone: (662) 223-5860 * Tech Help: (662) 223-0549 * FAX: (662) 323.6551 8-420 CST, Mon.-Fri ‘7 sheng, Pes and sattar it nan (0) 2022 HF Enna. +1 Yor Nr ha mirary "30 oy money bak urate fas on arr et ram MESNovember 5 & 6, 2022 Gwinnett County Fairgrounds, 2405 Sugarloaf Parkway, Lawrenceville, GA (EES ana ceorgia Section Convention © 7, Free License Exams Both Days yee Commercial Vendors, Indoor Flea Market, Boneyard Forums Both Days Hourly Door Prizes Both Days $10.00 Admission at the Gate, 16&under free (Order Tickets Online Save $2.00) ced Perey eer CC ley Vicor Ge suircrtie FTW-300DR al and igh (201)-VHF-2067 114 Escex Stroot, Lod, NJ 07644 [ei owes Sma 8 ny ALFA ROTATORS pa eee Alfa Radio Ltd. 780-466-5779 Prue Coa reid Eu Ul # Oe eae Elevation pr ARRL High Torque * Self braking worm drive USB mags 720 degrees progranmable Limits simple wiring 8 to 18 Volt small footprint for controller 108 October 2022MFJ Deluxe Code Oscillator a MFJ-550 $34.95 Key only. as MFJ-557, $74.95 MF4J-567 lets you practice IN STOCK! sending Morse Code at home, ‘work, in your car, outside on the picnic table, anywhere. Volume adjusts from barely audible to full classroom sound Black Morse straight key on a non-skid heavy steel base stays put and doesn't move /e around while sending. Built speaker, adjustable contacts. Use 9V battery, not included. Compact 8.5Wx3.75Hx2.2¢ ‘5D inches, MFJ CW Reader and Keyer Combination Plug MFu's CW Reader with Keyer into your transceiver’s phone Pek and key Hack “ith low youre ready to cony the worlls best hi-speed ClN opera: tors ~ and they wont even know youre stil leaming the code!” 5-99 WPM Automatic speed iracking Large 2-line LCD shows sendireceive messages. Use pad- dle_or computer keyboat MEL-464 Easy operation. Front panel Speed, volume con- rols, 4 Message memo- ries, type ahead buffer, read again buffer, adjust weight/sidetone, speaker. RFI free. “J-551, $49.95. RFI sup- pressed koyDoard, a must to avoid FI problems. MFJ Pocket-Size CW Reader™ and Code Tutor RE, MELA, — = $129.95. Place this ie finy pocket size | IMP Morse Code Reader near your receiver's speaker and watch CW turn into solid text messages as they scroll across an easy-to-read LCD. No cables to hook-up, no computer, no interface, nothing else needed! ‘Practice by copying along with the MFJ-461 Learn the code and increase your speed as you instantly see if you're ‘ight or wrong. Eavesdrop on inter |! esting Morse QSOs from hams all Tension/contact spacing adjust- ments, steel bearings, precision frame, non-skid feet. Crome (MFJ- eee ae (MFu-5648) ‘over the world. MFu's AutoTrak™ ‘automatically locks on, tracks and displays CW to 99 WPM. Serial pot ls you display ful screen CW lext on your computer monitor with your computer and terminal pro- gram. Tiny 27x3'/4x1", 5 02. Fits fh your stir pocket, take it any- where. Use 9 Volt battery. METI, STIS, Mane bs AR Morse code aayvnere! ‘Copy leter e bets, prosigns o any combina- oc words or Q60s, ARRLVEC format Ge tom zero code speed Wo a hgh spend CW Pro! Hh contast LCD, bulein speaker. ee Ss! 43/4Wx'/4Hx1/4D", just 2'/2 oz. Precision paddle formed from prose at ase, non-skid rubber feet, wired. MFJ-1234C-EBP ... Remotely operate your transceiver from anywhere in the world! 5269°) pile Sas modes: SSB, CW, FM, digital. WSJT-x, Fidigi ae installed Control vie the internet radio, rotor, CW keying, VoIP, digi- MaMa al, Jogging, spot mon- CT itoring, cat Up. 304" tin aboot oop, included FCC data- base or optional QRZ Use any web browser Sailee pier tiackiep sud. Moniior DX spots even'a Kindo! for un-worked or uncon- Gseneaty any ip pes cal. with CRLSENTET tex multiple logs. Upload MFJ Enterps Phone: (662) 323: MB eS, Inc. 300 industri ADIF logs to ARRL LoTW server. Send CW. from mobile device, keyboard or paddle. includes email, word processing, spreadsheet rograms, 1000's of jnux programs. Mod- ify, program RigPi fea- tures using text editor. MFJ-1234C-EBP requires ‘9 Rasphorry Pi-4or 3B rouided TECH HELP + httos:/rigpi.groups.io + https:/rigpi.net ey So has all modes, dot- ragtime wh neat yolume/speed controls (8-50 wpm), tune ees, ae MFJ CW keyer and ae OE EY ay W. Front panel volume/speed (8-50 WPM), Plug & Play FT-8 and MFJ-1205, Specify your: CSeartsies Inet and operate: FT-8, JT4, JT-65, JJT6M, FSK441, WSPR, PSK-31, transmit/receive levels. [Transformer isolated audio, PTT et merates trols and tune, Semi-auto and ( ‘switch. ‘Internally ous Digital Modes! Plug&Play all USB cable into your computer. |EchoLink, APRS, CW, RTTY, sensing eliminates ee digital modes! [Download free Software from inter packet, Amor, more, Easy-t-set [Universel, never obsolete Pk Ra, Starkvile, MS 39759 Y=" Eee) “Salad DOT ‘Tech Help: (662) 323-0549 * FAX: (662) 323.6551 8-4:30 CST, Mon.-Fri seca, res ra aeons un (22sINTIME WAW Emi; | Aer mow Shippin ee = RAL ectronics) wuw.randl.com *NEW! ANC-4+ 1 ino Petipa evasion The familiar, rugged ANC-4 now with: External TX/AX control - great for QRP operation * Continously Adjustable TX tang time * Noise amp front end protection = TXLED indicator = SMT construction w/ gold-plated PCB ™ Heavy steel laser-cut housing for precise tuning ‘and mechanical stability Kill Noise before it reaches your receiver! Great for supressing power line noise, plasma TV ‘noise & many other local electrical noises. * Quiet -hear what others miss! ® Proven USB Sound Card built-in * Precise FSK * Genuine KIEL Winkeyer CW IC = Complete - Six FTDI COM ports J % * Universal Rig Control fr every radio - oS = Works well with HRD, M110A, Fidigi, avigator __ & may mor sofware programs The Premier Wige Card Modem! tomcrane uti & Ow cons S © USB connected and powered See QST Short Takes Review - May 2014-P. 62» Convenient - No annoying jumpers! Customize your PK-232 installation with our complete line of upgrades, accessories and cables. 100,000 sold - All-time top selling data controlfer! PK-232SC+ Multimode Data Controller* = 3-Way Rig Control built-in - “Upgrade any PX-282 to the PK-232SC logic level, RS-232 & USB! with New Lower Combo Pricing ;omputer isolated from radio for SC & DSP Upgrade! ™ Real FSK & AFSK ® keyboard CW - send and receive ™ Dual Port - two radios at same time! 1m PK-96/100 USB Packet TNC pee 1200/9600 bps AX.25 Packet ‘Available with USB or RS-232 connection mE PSK31 & all the Sound Card modes! m HamLinkUSB™ USB-to-RS-232 Adapter m HamLinkUSB™ Rig Control-+ Proven FTDI Chip. 9 and 25 pins for all radios, TNCs, C-IV, CAT, RTS (PTT, FSK or CW) for sound card software Rotor Controllers & more! Perfect for HRD owners with simple sound card adapters Timewave Technology Inc. www.timewave.com 360 Larpenteur Ave. W., Suite 100 sales@timewave.com St. Paul, MN 55113 USA 651-489-5080\ Zoya Olbe ME) Nail out all ypes of notsell Severe power ine noise fom aren tansorm- Eran ieuators, uorescent amps, dimmers foun conroed amps. com- puters TV die, nghtnng gage Boor cbeners elie cris motos industal potocses fs math mt thectve than nose Diaker because interference much sronge than Sole capes io core removed witout acing ne desteod Signal Allmodes = S88, An CW. FM irSquereos tom ACB lower ie Nl ut erong GRU ontop of weak rafeDX! Nu cata song eal Narn GFAM broadoast sation fo proven Your pinpoints power line noise ir end Ur opar a aton canbe atected \, byrose makes t “ no hear wee 4 stations, adds to fatigue. Often, noise ae ‘comes from power "249° ines. Power com. G@ panies are willing to “= i help with issues out alain. Sl don't have equipment or trained per- sonnel to locate it. MFU aids in finding noise generated by corona discharge and arcing components. Acoustic. receiver is tuned to 40 KHz. 18° diame- ter plastic dish gives a narrow beamwidth to pinpoint noise sources less than 12" at 50 feet, Also listen to nature: bats, birds, and insects! [=| Suppress TVI, RFI, tele- ‘phone, other interference by | ‘reducing unwanted harmon- ies to your antenna. Your HF signal stil passes through with low loss 0 you snag that rare BX! Xap i wear ret hoor WwF.7028, $9.98" 2000. SW bel is fo 30 Mite IMFJT04, $124.98, 19000. & ‘SW. below 1.3 19 30 MHz WMFITOS, 8179.98, 20000. ‘page SW below 1°30 80 Mi ed Phone “S power line noise (662) 323-5869 * Tech Hel J] expensive receiver from over- loading, Use as an adjustable phas- ing network. Combine two sromer oie Ge] wensos sere cay made $269 receive station ‘and have a variety of directional patterns MFJ-1026 simply plugs between Walk or - drive around Teo with these 5 handhold meters to search out leaky insulators, loose hardware ‘and corroded ground lines quickly. Track noise right down to the pole,iransformer or insulator, or other Source. Operates in 135 Miz region where activity is minimum and radiation from corona/arcing is more localized. 0.3 wV sensitivity and wide-range AGC for noise level meter - over 70 a! MFJ-1767, $129.95, Adds 3-element beam to MFJ-852. MF-J-856, $209.95. Combination of MFJ-852 noise finder and MFJ-1767 three-element beam antenna, MPLssa “459° Clamp-On RF Ammeters quickly snap over wires and cables to measure RF currents flowing in antenna elements, radials, ground wires and on out- ‘side of cdax. Tune counterpoises, ‘REE radials, ground systems. Studyiopti- mize antennas for peak perform- ‘ance. Find peaksinulls. MFJ-854 has five calibrated ranges to 3 Amperes, including sensitive 30 mA range. MFJ-853, $99.95. Like MFJ-84, Ranges: 0.3, 4, 3. Mini size. MEJ-853H, $98.95. 3/10/30 A ranges. MFJ-805, $139.95. Check RF! on. ‘cables up to 1/4” dia. VLF to VHF. has answers your transmitting antenna and your transceiver. To null, you adjust the amplitude and phase potentiometer Controls for a minimum S-meter reading ( low noise. To peak, push reverse. Use builtin active or external anten- ‘na. Constant Amplitude Phase Controf™ makes nulling super easy ~ snag that rare DX you have missed. RF-sense T/R switch auto bypasses you when you transmit Aajstabio 7R delay time. Use 12 VDC or 110 VAC with MFJ-1312D, $26.95, 6YAX114X6%4 inches. Like MFu-1026, less the builtin active antenna. Use external antenna connection. Clearly hear signals 50 KH to RY iz you 1.1886 never knew exist: MEAS ed. Power line 319° noise and state Receive Loop isappears, with Biastee, Rotating the hag MF¥J-1886 elimi nates interfering é signals or greatly =i peaks desired Signals. Excellent antenna and pream- plifer balance gives deep null, Gives excellent strong and weak signal per- formance without overioad. Fully pro- tected state-of-the-art push-pull Gali MMICs preamplifier gives high dynamic range, low IMD and 25 dB of low noise gain. Use inside or outside. ME-(lo4 Filters and reduces $404? AC power line RFI, hash, noise, transients, surges generated by computers, motors, RF transmitters, staticlighining by 30.40 and up to 60-80 dB with ground. Fast, rnano-second avervoliage protection. Provides inductive isolation, capacitive decoupling, RFI rejection, overvottage protection of common mode, differen- tial signals. Rejects/shunts undesired signals to ground, 12Wx3/sHx2D MF4J Enterprises, Inc. 300 industrial Pk Rd, Starkville, MS 39759. Sal “a (962) 328-0549 * FAX: (662) 322-6851 8-4:20 CST, Mon. raat gry tpt nnn eaes fice_Join the Ranks of | Digital Amateur Radio Operators! Get On the Air with HF Digital third edition by Steve Ford, WB8IMY, includes everything you need to set up a station and get on the air PTs RR lem lc lole (oe 5 a hs Phd, Building a station for HF digital operating e ANN eer rend Mey + rv eT ee Te ed ea FT8 and FT4 Cee occa eo rare One of the most powerful error-free Rea ae ens ead When you need to know how well your station : is performing, or when you're curious about it Pehl eae ran Ore a ere ee ee ees ee arent eer! eee eee ee allow you to cary on conversations — and Seerenatr enn aes ee ee ees Re Lo ME) ere 4, 2 ie oer eal RAR EER) aU AmateurRadio Order Online at y lai Role /einte) °)Free Dealer/Catalog/Manuals/instructions ~ Visit: www.mfjenterprises.com or call toll-free 800-647-1800 MFJ Dummy Loads & SWR/Wattmeters Dummy Loads World's most popular Dry 300 Watt HF IVHE Dummy Load Aincooled, nonnocaee reir 8 prio fated metal housing; Has $O-239 connector Ful 3000 for 30 seconds. berating cure to 5 minutes. SWR below 1.1:1 to 30 MHz, 1.5:1 30 -260 {0.650 Miz. Compact 22x inches. 559° IMFJ-2600N, $69.85. Win typo "N connector Dry 1.5 kW HF/VHEUHF Dummy Load Ham radio's most versatile 15. Mrs KW'30 ohm dy dummy load cov- $44 QQ°* brs Dot B80 Ne SWR TT 30 Miz. 13:1 to 680 Mz. Handles 1500W for ton seconds, 100W for 10 minutes. We Shixa0 in. 60-239 connoctor MF264N, $119.95. With type "N: connector GikCooled 1 KW CW, 2 KW SSB 50-Ohm VersaLoad™ Run 1KW CW or2 KW PEP for 10 M1280 frites. Fun continuous duywith $4 QG>S 200 Watts CW or 400W PEP. Trans- 109° former ol included. SWR 1 21 To 30 MHz, Low SWA to 400 Miz. 80.239 connector Safty vent vith cap, caring handle. T:#x6".D i IMe4-250X, $69.95. No transformer al ‘500 MHz, 100 Watt Dummy Load wri.261 Connects directly with builtin PL-259. 54.495 Finned aluminum air-cooled heatsink. 15. itvh P1259 Watts continuous, 100W peak. SWR< DC to 500 Mit 4.5:1, DC-500 MHz. 1" inch round by 3 inches long, (MFJ-262B, $84.95. PL-259. 35 Watts continuous, 200W for S-seconds, SWRé 1.2;1 DC-1 GHz. MFJ 2500W fan-cooled Dry Load MFJ's 2500 Watt fan cooled load handles [opal nt amps, 2500 average one nut Noe, SW <1 25,90 Mer ct 30.0 Mz Detsed power cave, 12 Vober TO VAC. 1379" Switchable RF Dummy Load 279 select te 28 50,100,150 Ohm cur nas Testealbate your watetrs SW scare At SO Ont hanlos 300 Hine $0-229: £72 tbe. in‘ Optional 12 WOGit0 VAG adaptor, MP.tS12b, Sat few higitoch meta fires toron lrge near aya-cootes feats 300 Wats fovton soe , nds and 1250 contnvcusy, WR 28 we Gh 218 Oley <1.5.3 GH Noon $4 59° TSKW Dry DummyLoad/SWRMattmeter Tae oy your eanecowar war spit o fod at fl power Then intanty sth fo Yourantnno and mentor SWF forward and 5003000 Wat ranges, BC60 Mie Teste Xceers, rps ters, bain, er, cose Stubs (on, ten minutes off, 300W continuous. DC- 6 MEI-265 B'/.WxaHx 9.0 in. SO-239s. 5 pounds. Watts for 30 seconds with SWR < 1.1, 60 Mra: 5489°° 3 GHz, 300 Watts Dry Dummy Load rector. 10:.Wx2"/.Hx5'D inches. antenna tuner into a safe 50 Ohm dummy reflected power on lighted cross-needle meter. MEL-267 3219% MF¥J Enterprises, Inc. 300 industrial Pk Ra, Starkville, ms 39759 “"* all ~al (662) 323-5869 * Tech Help: (662) 323-0549 ® FAX: (662) 323-6551 8-4:30 CST, Mon.-Fri “Aas hoping, Poe ons eens ste! charge fc) 2022 MPs Eneoas he 1 Year N iter ha warary 30 ey money Con urate fess anor et Rm MES SWRWattmeters Compact Cross-Needle SWRWattmeters Large 3-inch lighted Cross-Needle meter covers 1.8-200 MHz in 30/300W power ranges. Read for- ward, reflected power, SWR simultaneously. 31Wxa'.H x3'20 in, 80-239 connectors MFJ-842, $84.95. 140-525 MHz, 15/150W. High-accuracy 1.8-60 MHz Digital SWR/Wattmeter Highly accurate! Auto-ranging select 25W, 250W, 1500W ranges with Full 10-bit resolution, Frequency compen- sated data insures highest accuracy, Tue peal! gi RGy average forward/reflected power, SWR and fre- ‘quency are simultaneously displayed on backit LCD and large 3-inch lighted cross needle meter. Peak hold. LED, buzzer, ampliier-bypass alerts and protects your amplifier when SIWR is high and toggles extra relay. 6/:Wx2"/LHx60". MFJ-826B, $229.95. No meter, ampr bypass, control relay. MFJ GrandMaster™ SWRWattmeters GrandMaster™ SWR/Power . wiss70 Meters are the Cadillacs of 419° ham radio! Large 3'/x17 inch precision iluminated meter gives ‘easy wide-angle viewing of SWR, for- Ward or reflected power. 7/:Wx3'hHx4'AD in, S0-239s MFJ-870, $119.95, 1.6:60 MHz. 30/300/3000 Watt ranges. MFJ-874, $159.95. 1.8-525 MHz. 5/20/200 Watt ranges. MFJ giant 6.5 inch SWR/Wattmeter World's largest HF+6M MFI-868b SWRWattmeter has giant 6% $4 9Q*5| inch meter! Extradong scales gives highly accurate SWRipower 1.6.54 MHz. Huge numbers make reading easy True peak or average forward and reflect- ed power. 20/200/2000 Watt ranges. 9 Volt battery, 12 VDC or 110 VAC with MFJ-1312D, $24.96, TWx5'/:HX8D in, SO-239s ‘VHF SWRiWattmeter plus Field Strength Words most popular and most i 0 afore ir Shaner YA EY Read SWE, foward an elected power ovr 44-220 sm two anges, 30900. Buln Feld strongn mor or 200 Me. Wx a Compact Digital SHR/Wattmeters Displays fonar,efleieg poner SWF (16-0 MHz) and battery all in a single glance! Large Vovfomard pover dois and Se reece digit 200W Poverbacignt on S0-230, ff $R}be weuaar, $129.95 12509 ni. 012007 ‘ami to sow S0.2306 4x21 920 in. VHF/UHF swrwattmeter MFJ-849, $219.95. Large 3.5” bright orange LCD displays SWR, forwardirefiected power. Lighted Cross-Needle SWR/Watts, MEL 144/220/440 MHz, 30/300W Forward *99°° ower, 6/60WV Reflected power. MEs-822 54° 1.5-525 MHz, 200W, HF/VHF-UHF switch, MFJ HF QRP SWRMWattmeter yicis Read forward, reflected power 1.8- $425 50 MHz, 0-5W. Also reads SWR, relative power!(@»)) | Quicksjlver Radlo tn these tough times, we're ; here to help you with WHY CRIMP? Quality, Service & Value! Antenna Gear Connectors 7 & Adapters 7 "a6 Crimp-Ons oe Bene ae eri QE % eee ia ee cans Rl ately for most Deeg CTT rai USA Made Coax — ean Spa eS OS Or OS OLR e ta eects Sekar aya ORL TNC & Mini-UHF Connectors. @: HAMMO-CAN™ Go Box Ready to go, a complete VHF-UHF station in a box. Get them with or without radios installed. Fits most FM mobiles & several HF radios, too. New Item!! HybridDX™ HF antenna. Get on 80M in less than 80 ft. Lo WWWwW.qsradio.comA Reach for the Sky Mister! Portable, toloscoping high-strength fberpiass masts extend way up into the sky! Just pull out sections and lock Choose Lightweight-LightDuty or Super-Sirong Thick- Wall models - 10 to 60 feet long. Each collapses to an easy-to-carty size for true portabily FFor quick put-up and take-down, lightly models have ‘Twist & Lock sectons and heavy-duty thick wall models use military style QuickClamps™ or stainless stool hose clamps. Use them fr traveling, camping, at hotels, hamfests, field day, OX-pedtions. Put up full size ful performance. inverted Vee, dipole or vertical antenna in minutes at heights that will snag you real OX Use multiple telescoping masts to make loops, quads, rotalable dipoles even beams. | <—Light Duty Lightweight Fiberglass Masts ‘So lightweight you can take them anywhere! [MFJ's most popular MFJ-1910 is 33 feet long, 3.3 Is. MFJ-1910, $119.98. 33 ft, light duly witop tering. MFJ-1941, $129.95. 20, ight duty witop tie ring, MFJ-1913, $129.95. 28 lightweight witop tle ring, 'MFJ-1915, $159.95. 25 ft, for heavier duty use, 'MFJ-1916, $199.95, 24 ft for heavier duty use. MFJ-1917, $209.95. 43 ft, heavier duty wop te ring ‘Super-strong .125" Thick-Wall Fiberglass Masts Use for tomporary or permanent wire antennas, small beams of verticals. Best seller is 48 . long, just 24 Ib. MF4-1919EX, $199.95. Put your antennas up high anywhore with this supor- Strong 18 foot telescoping fiberglass mast and MFJ- 1919 heavy duty steel tripod, |QuickClamps™ lower mast to 5 feet. Mast has thick 1/8 in. ‘wall,.75” top, 1.5" bottom dia. 15 lbs. Stee! tripod 414 wave perform ‘ance on 40M, 112 wave on 20M. High-© aie wound loading cal Use anten: ra tuner for 30/ as braced tangle ase) 2111121108 M Inomstidfeot matfocks 2220 SSEICW Mrs49186X, stza.05, USS 25 Po, IMESD{8 rd wi 95h 27. ferbe telescoping borlossmast. 3 Steotcolapeos. estes [2/0 UT Tripods Only field day, ham- Ms-t921, $219.95, 23 DX ection Giant tod base spreads to 8 fect! Supports massive anten- nas. Adjustable length non- skid legs accommodates uneven ground surfaces, Optional foot anchors, see bottom right 14 is. MFJ-1919, $129.95, MFJ-1918, $84.95, Smaller tripod Fits legs to 1':°00. MB Ssoopes to'a 31f.sall-supporting high performance 80-6 Meter vertical antenna in minutes! Wo Includes four 12 oot ragials, Current balun reduces feediine radiation ‘and pattem distortion Tripod Anchors MF4-1906, 44.95. Securely app we s-ts12, F914, 11996. anchor our BOM $125 95. Just Stanlss ste! ipods 0 neers Ave your car or antenna mast truck be over ZY rout haa ys: with these 3| Stainless Stee oot braces and your stakes. For mount. Youre ready for high winds, unlevel ground MFJ Enterprises, Inc. 300 industrial Pk Rd, Starkville, MS 39759 Meal "= Phone: (662) 329-5889 * tech Help: (652) 323.0549 * Get that antenna up where it belongs, high in the sky with MFJ heavy-duty Telescopic Masts and accessories. We got all you need for temporary, portable or permanent antenna installations. Heavy Duty Models: All have QuickClamps™ (MF4-1908HD, $309.95 is 48' ext, 7.75. collansed_haea | 211" OD bottom, 1" OD top, seven 7.75.R. sections, 24 Ibs. IMF4-1906HD, $269.95 i 38! extended, 6 feet collapsed, has 211° OD bottom, 1" OD top, seven 6-foot sections, 24 Ibs. MFJ-1904HD, $199.95 is 25’ extended, 4 feet collapsed, has 2117 OD bottom, 1” OD top, seven 4-oot sections, 14 Ibs. MFJ-1904H, $179.95. 22 ext, 5 colapsed, 9 bs. 21” OD. (MFY-1902H, §159.95, 10 ext, 38° collapsed, 5 Ibs. 2/2" OD ‘Standard Models: H models have QuickClamps™ [MFJ-1906, $179,95/MFJ-1906H, $239.95, 23 foot, ext. 6 collapsed, six 6. sections, 13 Ibs, 2" botiom, 3/4" top OD. (MFJ-1908, $219,95/MFJ-1908H, $279.95, 41' ext, 7.75- collapsed, six 7.75, sect, 16 Ibs, 2" bottom, 3/4" top OD, Mast Accessories [MFJ-1900, $99.96. Mount clamps mast lo mounting pipe MF-13, $84.95. 5 Miltary QuickClamps™. Fit 3/4" to 2" OD. [MFJ-13HD, $84.95. Exira set clamps, 1-21" masts, Mast Guy Ring S Fits masts 3/4” to 18" dia OD. MFJ- 2830X, $13.95, fiber- lass; MF-2840x, ©8195, suminum 18° 80-6 Meter MFJ “HamStick” Telescopic Antenna Isolated Dipole Mast/Tripod © 3.5%. sce:siass mast ele- eae dipole using two HE mobil whips! MFJ-347 isolates dipole tlements. Lets you use a balun to give a tue bat- anced alpole. Prevents pattern distortion, noise PioKUP yes-347 fd RF raaton rom RF on” seg las ex sed, SO sum Use masts upto 7" OD afe-24 Hamstick Mount psoT Mount 378.26 HENVHE $39 4oi amc vericaly or Qed rorcorsaty en'mase PY? ones eatin Sazes, MFJ Balcony Mount Mount mutple HFIVHF ham- sticks, vericals, dipoles vert cally or horizontally on your balcony. High-strength averat sluminum extends out 14° Two U-botts mount to 1a, Portable Mast Supports the staniess four heavy duty oak ssl base of theN®Vanized ground stakes tohold your antenna up Safely in the foi. Use Sp to 225" masts (662) 323-6551 84:30 CST, Mon.-Fri virtually any antenna, Fits up to 225" masts “ADReg dy Tull TO —< > AU“Best thing since sliced bread!” _—~ More hams use MFJ analyzers than all others in the world! MFJ-259D . . . World’s Most Popular Antenna Analyzer! rsa New and im- (degrees) dive tuning, $34Q°5 proved. now covers Betermine velocity factor, ‘Super easy-to-use! Just 280 kHiz-230 MHz! coax cable oss in dB, length set the bandowitch and tune World famous MF4-259D of coax and distance tothe dal just ike your trans- gives you a complete picture _shorvopen. ceiver. SWR, Complex imp- Styouranienna’s SWR and "Read SWR. return loss and edance displayed instant! Complex Impedance, reflection coefficient at any Fully portable, take it any- MFJ-2590 Is a complete frequency simultaneously. where remote ses, up ham radio test station includ- "Read inductance (uH) and towers, on DX-peditons, Use ing frequency counter, RF capacilance (pF) at RF frequen- 10 AA or Ni-Cad or NiMH es. signal generator, SWR batteries (nat included) or 110 Analyzer”, RF Resistance! Large easy-to-read two VAC with MFJ-1312D,, Reactance Analyzer, Coax line LCD screen and side-by- $26.95. Rugged metal ‘Analyzer, Capactiance! side meters clearly display cabinet, 42x Induetance Meter and more! your information aFJ-2490, $329.95. Read Complex impedance Builtin frequency counter, MF4-2480 does as series resislance and NEMHINE-CD charger circuit, everything MFu-289D reactance (R+)X) or as mag- battery saver, low battery does with digital dis- nitude (2) and phase warring, smooth reduction play only. MFJ-269D ...280 KHz - 230 MHz plus 415-470 MHz, 12-bit A/D New and improved. Now yi, ‘SWR and loss of adjustments smooth and easy covers 260 KH to 290 Mite NOU 9 coax with any “AB-bILAVD converter gives, Renee Moin $449 BEST cRarcctestg much veto accuracy 0 2200 Meter band! com loos FB : impedance (280 resolution than common 8- instantly ges you a com. Gomoss n.d Ke to 280 MH2) bits MPU-269D exclusive! plete picture of your antenna, Sri eeaoe ty from 100 over” Builtin frequency counter, coisa SM 2 OSS Shot spn n ce ea cpfestioncostcen maton fools the ceasutes,,, Name, ANS sce ofizngy say eaioney pain TOR) ern Me mpatence Sethe eacmmecines Ue ea at tee oe 00 te S80 MIE) 38 whe Suonces, 100 “Mr-2enPRo™ Sones equvalontresitance faguatee coax Wee Bont. SWR Analyser andrescance (Ravpoy ores fg nat" i Sigh contest’ Mrazeappre, magnitude (2) and phase agrees and LCD gives preci- $489.95. Like MFJ- (degrees). Also reads parallel Vice versa for sion readings and 269D, but UNF. Gulati sestance ond Woe yrs for Iwo sce-bysico range covers 430 es eeaaaye me ay tener posers. eat Determine voy factor, “gay fac make commettad work MFJ-223 4.60 MHz Color SW analy cerAacessorles Graphic VNA Analyzer ou: Two-Port Graphic Analyzer |. wrs-200!MF-290, $49.95. This pocket-sized wonder id Cary ouch or breaks the mold for analyzer design with user-rendly Convenience, top notch Securacy, and a vivid TET. ‘multicolor display. Dont let complete the size fool you, i's packed Sofrcon: nexas antes ae with VNA features and per- lained handheld graphin, a fm Tormance you need! ‘analyzer. On he bench SQQ9S IF Mra, $5498. 11 Guren *Single-frequency and ME225, becomes a fullledged swept-trequency operation $3QQ°5 two-port (S21) desktop machine when _ loads Truly accurate SWR, R. teamed up with your PC. Using powerful |E MPu-7737, $8.98, PL-259 0 X, and 2 measurements IGemniVNA freeware, you" run de-aled [BNO Female Seamless DDS coverage, 100-Hz data analysis and printout stunning resolution from 1-60 Miz olor-graphic plots to document your + Smooth “skip-free" encoder tunes work! Builtin backcighted 2?nch LCD fast or slow without missing a step Sraphie display. Make fine adjustments * Powerful +5-dBm stimulus generator Using ful-sereen easy-to-view SWR bar- + Field-strength meter gtaph, capture vind swept asplays for “DDS generator precision signal source SW, impedance, re-tum loss, phase + Vivid 1600-pixellineh color graphics angle, more. DDS generator. ‘on.a 2x2 inch non-glare TPT screen MED MFJ Enterprises, Inc. 300 industrial Pk Re, Starkville, MS 39759 “* Sad asl) U8 TA Pome: (662) 32-5009 Foch Help: 662 325-054 FAN. (0%) 329-081 &-4:0 CST, Mon-F 6be ad TUE MMe andPublic Nya iil * PN RNA ae ke oy help their communities in good times and Peet eMule oem eo Res eR NUS eres Sree ere ates et a ea od and ARES® volunteers, both trained in the field or just getting started. Order online at arrl.org/shop aaa (ee Det eet +A NUEEornin the UIs? Buy American! MFJ automatic tuners are built on American soil by American workers right here in Starkville, Mississippi USA. MFJ IntelliTuner™ Automatic Tuners The MFJ-9938 /ntelliTuner™ lets you tune any antenna automatically - ultra fast. It's a comprehensive automatic antenna tuning ® MELs038 49° center complete with SWR/Wattmeter, antenna switch for two antennas, wire connection and 4:1 current balun for balanced lines. MJ's exclusive InfellTuner™, Adaptive Search” and Instant Recall algorithms give you ultra fast automatic tuning with over 20,000 VirtualAntenna™ Memories. ‘You get a highly efficient L-network, 6-1600 ohm matching at 300 Watts SSB/CW and digital or extra-wide 6-3200 Ohm matching at 150 Watts SSB/CW and digital, 1.8-30 MHz coverage, . Cross-Needle and digital meters, audio SWR meter, backlit LCD, remote control por, radio inter- face, heavy-duty 16 amp/1000V relays. MFJ-9938 automatically tunes for minimum SWR and remembers your frequency and tuner settings. The next time you operate on that frequency and antenna, these tuner settings are instantly restored and you're ready to operate in milliseconds! 40Wx2%4Hx9D inches. Use 12-15 VDC/1 amp or 110 VAC with MFJ~1316, $31.95. Radio inter- face cables, remote control available. See www.mfjenterprises.com made inUSA 600 Watt MFJ Automatic Antenna Tuner MFJ-994B, $409.95. Like MFJ-993B but handles 600 Watts SSB/ ‘CWiDigital, matches 12-800 Ohms. 10,000 memories. Doesn't have LCD, antenna switch, balun, audio SWR meter. 10Wx2"Hx9D inches. More hams use MFJ tuners than all other tuners in the world! World's most advanced Automatic Antenna Tuners feature world renowned MFJ AdeptiveSearch” and TT ees ol ee ea eel Choose your features: Digital/Analog/Audio SWR-Wattmeter, Antenna Switch, Balun, Radio Interface, PY Mee Pen deer a ure eee re Me for Ameritron AL-1500/1200/82 amps Ream ine enire HF MEL spectrum 18-20 Me hands-free with full 789. 7800 Wart egal on SSBC Digital and near-perfect SWR! Lighted LoDicrove Needle Meter. Matches IC-706, FT-857D, TS-50S MFI-939K1Y $4.99°5 ‘200W SSB/CW and Digital. Low-profile automatic tuner is great for those tiny new rigs. Just tune and talk! Includes interface cable, 2-year warranty. 6'1:Wx2"/sHX8'eD". eo SWR/Wattmeter, 10000 VA Memories Extra wide matching MFI-991B range atless cost” Sp BQBE MFJ's exclusive dual 389. power ove 300 Wats for 1800 Ohms; 150Watts for 6-3200 Ohms. Gross Neede SwWRvWatimeter Get greatly re- duced losses and high efficiencies with long coax runs and high SWR antennas, MFU-926B, °379". 200W. MFJ-993BRT, "389". 300W. MFJ-994BRT, 509". 600W. MFJ-998BRT, 919". 1.5 kW. Digital Meter, Ant Site, Wide Range MEJ-929 *299°° World's fastest compact auto tuner uses MFJ Adaptive Search™ and InstantRecall™ algorithms. 132,072 tuning solutions instantly match vitually any antenna with near perfect SWR. Bright LCD Display. Cover 160-10 Meters with antenna tuner. 102 . ©) ©) Tong, Use oe bvorted vee or sloper, 160 Dione a hero hoe Watts Super METS strong fiberglass center’ SBQ®> feodpomn outers Glazed ceramic end insulators. 52. 40-10M Phone (662) 323-5869 * Tech Help: (662) 323-0549 * FAX: (662) 323-6551 8-4:30 CST, Mon.-Fri teed spect uj sangy, (0) 2001 MP EresBED cls Pettitte Lace eg The Alpha Delta TT3G50 Series Tay 3 Coax Surge Protector Design Concept Itwas previously thought that lightning cischarge energy was in the VLF, Very Low Frequency, spectrum and that a nartow band bandpass DC blocked surge protector in that range provided Daal adequate protection. be However, in a study under the aa auspices of the U.S. Department e of Energy utilizing the satellite rr —— FORTE carrying VHF lightning = discharge sensors, it was determined that there can be damaging lightning eneray emissions throughout the 30-300 MHz VHF spectrum. Therefore the damage threat can be anywhere from VLF through VHF. Through careful design of the Alpha Delta Model TT3G50 series broadband precision constant impedance thru-line and ARC-PLUG™ module, allowing proper fring characteristics, this state of the art surge protector design allows effective protection throughout this entire spectrum. = Depending on the connector style we provide excellent broadband Performance through 3 GHz, compared to narrowband DC blocked designs. " The impedance compensated thru-line cavity design allows control voltages to pass through the device, instead of the “wire around requirement of DC blocked designs. Our design also allows in circuit cable sweeps ' The innovative field replaceable gas tube ARC PLUG™ module ‘can be removed and replaced in the field with no tools required and —a without removing the surge protector from the circuit. The knurled knob does the trick. Connectors and knob are O ring sealed for environmental protection. ™ DC blocked designs require the entire unit to be removed and discarded i hit wth a surge beyond its rating. They are net field wv. repairable, ™ As a result of extensive testing and approvals within the military \———} agencies, the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) has assigned NSN = numbers to our devices. Cage Code 389A5. All of our products are ‘manufactured inthe U.S.A. in our IS0-9001 certified facility for highest raeipecnac nage! quality Various connector styles available. ra PSEC CSTs ARRL.ORG/JOIN 120 October 2022Free Catalog/Dealers/Manuals Online - Visi eee eee ee www.mfjenterprises.com or call toll-free 800-647-1800 MFJ Tuners Ham Radio’s Most Ropulag soo) Watt Antenna Tuner More hams use MFJ-9495 ‘than any other antonna ‘tuner in the world! Why? Because the word's lead- ing ner has earned a wertdwde reputation forbelng able to match Just about anything. Full 4.8-30 MHz Operation ‘Tune your antenna for minimum SWRI Works 18:30 iz 0n dpols, verticals, inverted ‘es, random wires, beams, mmobie whips, shortwave 7coing ‘Snlonnas Use coax, random we Balanced ines. Has Reavy-aUy | balun for balanoad ines Custom inductor switch ‘Custom cosigned inductor ‘shen, 1000 vor tuning capacitors, Teflon? insulating wasters and proper LIC rato gives you artree your tuner ‘Position Antenna switch ‘Antenna switch es you select fio cou fed antennas random \wirebalanced ine or dummy oad through your MEa-S4OE or eect to noworres operation upto 300 Watts Lighted Cross-Needle Meter PEP transcetver input power. “The MFu-9496 inductor switch was Custom designed to withstand th ‘extremely high RF voltages and ‘iret that are developed in Fs WR, ‘QRM-Froe ProTune"™ ofthe ino ts bitin {bad Rakes tuning your a ‘nlenna faster and easier your wanaceive. More hams use MFJ tuners than all other tuners in the world! it Tuner MFJ.9890 $499.95 Mow, ineroved q MS S850 tga fr ges you Dt lc ery owe ose anda a Ee a jr eal andes D0 Vote oO ES Me nga WA tnd Soo fen ertanna stan Gury ls. New S00 pa Vaable cqpactors New improved ArCora” Rater indicts New hig ogg carer eaun. New crank MF4J-986 Two knob Differential-T™ MFJ-989D Legal mrs.cse $449.95 “Two knob turing ferential capaci ang ArCore ‘ler ndutor makes turing foc ond ease tan ever, ives unm SWE et only one sting. Hencies 3 KW PE SSB amplir out power (15 RW? out): Goa avn urs eoun, hed peak! veroge Cost Noodle SWRIMiatmotor ania Swick baum. 1.81090 Ne: 1OsaW naar 13in, MFJ-962D Compact kW Tuner mrs-9620 $399.95 ‘A. tow more dala sips you upto aKW tuner fora] Sm ator Handles 15 RIV PEP'SSE arptor IRput Bowe? (B00 tpt. fo Amer tors [RLafin roora™ raler nducor. gear tus Count paw lghoa Grose Neale Si ‘tenn Smith, Sou Lexan Non, 12 He iOirxeox ttn Wtmetor| MF-O04B, ‘MF4J-969 300W Roller Inductor Tuner Saperridtce’” -mrv-60 $299.95 {unig Covers 6 Meters Pw 160 Meer! 300 Wats PEP Sa Acie tuo peak reading ighied Cross ‘Neco SW stat OR rse PreTune’= Sntensa ew, umm iad 7 baum, Lan ont Panel 10VeW x slaty dD inches MFJ-941E Super Value Tuner Most fr your troney! 30 Wate PEP. $199.95 B poston anenna sich, 41 ban, 1000 6K capac fre sxan font panes TOV 2H 70 MPd-9416K, $179.98, Tuner Kt ~ Bud your own! MFJ-945E HF/6M Mobile Tuner stienna pasos you dont have to sop, Jocutada and echust mrs-945e $189.95 Cross Needle SWRIatneler Lamp an bypass Shirsteter, MFJ-941E Se ecmecrrame senses Serer eae es IMF4.971 PortablelQRP Tuner ioe omssoe” (eb) Sekar oe } wpovtiongn” mesons $179.95 IMF3-9048 Smallest Versa Tuner Prorepionliiviet iver ieee Siar eect Sosa $149.95“ MF4J Enterprises, Inc. 300 Industral Pk Rd, Starkville, MS 39759 Phone: (662) 3255869 & Tech Help: (662) 328-0549 m FAX: (062) 323-6551 8-430 CST, Mon-Fri ie 3nch ighted Cros: Noodle Mato. Lots you easly oad ‘or average foward and feflected power sinataneousl. Has ‘300 Watt or 30 Watt ranges. MP's ORW-Free PreTune™ lets you pre-tune your MF-949E mrssaoe $249.95 Plus Much More! Full size builtin noninductve 89 ‘Ohm dummy load, seratch-peoot an mult colored front pana Oia Sax 7 ices. Superit cabinet consructon and more MFs-948, $219.98. Econo version MF-9496. Has a fea- {ures excep for dummy toad. No Matter What™ Warranty Every MFu tuner is protectes ‘by Ms fomovs one year No Matter What™ imnied ‘warranty We wl repalr oF repace your MF tuner (at our option) fora fll year. army cual ‘MF4J-902B Tiny Travel Tuner Tiny 42x21 3 mobos, fal ‘anor wre. MF-904H, ‘$490.98. Some but acse Srose-neeaa SWF Wistmetr and #1 balun for Deland nes Pie dien inches, MF 4.9028, $149.95 MFJ-16010 Random Wire Tuner Serta reves nsw ‘ume fandom si to pow transiting anna. 6-90 Nate 200' Wats PEP. Tiny Bedxdin tura-16010 $104.95 MFJ-9201 QRPocket™ Tuner 12 poston ndoctr tineypass sinh, wie range network NGS, 4H x 2HeH 1 AD inches. MFs-9201, $74.95 mes-9201 $74.95 MF-J-921/924 VHF/UHF Tuners 1MF4.924 covers Pra 250 Me Siieitatmets b a Beziensin” mrs.021/924 $139.95 MFJ.934 Artificial RF Ground mintes FF hsp Spe ea pe psy eon Coe! mee tcc en Sexo round erect at ig MFJ-034, $2 /andalqoundsbs Wak Tuners Rese Siraimeter mrs031 $149.95 vise ED a. 80MFJ Cobweb Antenna 6-Bands: 20/17/15/12/10/6 M.. . Outstanding Performance! Restricted space spoiling your ‘operating fun? MFJ Cobweb puts your call back on the map! ‘This sixcband (20, 17,16, 12, 10, 6 Meters) full half-wave Cobweb Antenna is perect for restric 4 space or portable operation. Sky-aray fet lass spreaders and nearly invisible wire le- ments (Nat $x8%72 feet square. 8 pounds), blend in with your surtoundings while standing tough against nasty weather ‘Outstanding performance! Horizontally polarized for less local noise pickup plus sold Gain over verticals wil allow you to work OX eas- ily even on GRP. Omn-dretonal No racials needed! Works great at low heights, Low SWR. IS due to MFu's exclusive Spider Match” broad- band network. Use lightweight TV hardware to ‘mount on your chimney, baloony, mast. Low in cost, but big on performance. MFI Cobweb Antenina tums your space problem into 8 stack of QSL cards from far away places MFJ-1836HK34, $169.95. Add-on kt adds w 40130 Motors to MFJ-1836/1836H cobwebs. 40-6 Meter Cobweb Super Heavy: vy-Duty, 1.5 kw fhern winters, heavy SBBs Now! Super heavy-duty 406 Meter Cobwao Aiemna Bult sue harsh ns snow, ioe and strong winds ~ has super-strong large diameter fiberglass and heavy-duty 14 gauge stranded hard copper wire. 8-bands: 40, 30, 20, 17, 15, 12, 10, 6 Meters, 1500 Watts. 12 feet, 23 Ibs. MFJ 20/17/1 am 2/10/6 Meter Hexbeam Improved bandwith, superior ness Fees Unique balanced tension fame: work toa new level with rugged mounting hardware, ‘exceptionally durable spread: ers and sliding antenna wire guides — designed to ensure MFJ-1856 is six individually Joarefaiabeserice | sached mancand yagat Wrst, $58695 6 Bands; 6 Bande! 2071S T2T00M, Ful 20/17/15/12/10/6M, 2-ele- 1500 Watts. cartand ta ew, | Te tls sements on ete 11 tuning fedua, | eochand gves Nigh oan ee (MFJ-1848, $809.95. 8 Bands: ee eanuanisie oe DOMTTaTETON Zee | We baad Wonks great at ‘New ME HoxBeams delve sold gon and rect on me bent wo, siz | 20 feet, 20.1 fel ing ON7HEH12HO16 Meters with two olemienie on each band. Gle elements, ful 1500W. 28 radius. Ideal for @ small rotator MEI ues an updated G3TXG eament coniguaton or excolentgan, 6 Nenennga cave >| ie y-gans Cots, 94005 MFs slater and 1:1 Sahin MF Dry Dummy Load MJ 2-Pos Antenna Switch FJ GSRV Antenna MEJO15 $50.05. Stop MF.260C, $5005 wes7020, $7496, est77a, $8095 ie ee rs oS TC) ine, pant Roe and_ Wary dary smennessener coves 10010 i operon 1S oad nin ano grand ao goind- Wt ath ) {0 te Svc cle rot Bl fig nuead par artena une ) $0.20 ine perorted wna handles 23k toa ong rma ova, PEP and worst ver 800 verted Ye osloer, Use on Mrsets $5098. (OCS Sout Fulload ie ging sige ‘Gonisore ae waren. 00 True 1.1 Curent, 30 seconds. Sil-screened protection. Qualty 80-238 Wats. Super-stong fbergass “ a derating curve to 5 minutes. connectors, heavy duty diecast. center feedpoint insulators. forces equal antenna gerating curve fo © minutes. currents in dipole MFJ-1704, $129.95. Like MFJ- elements, 1/551 from 30 to 650 MH 1702C but has 4 posivons. Glazed ceramic end insulators. Hand soldered. Add coax, some rope and you're on the art MFJ Enterprises, Inc. 300 industrial Pk Rd, Starkville, MS 39759“ Gal "Sa VEEN Fy Pome: (82) 22-5860» ech Wolp: (662) 323-049» FAX. 66) 8224281 84:20 CST, Mon.FrME) Portable Antennas! Cover HF bands with one single EFHW, no tuner needed! MFJ-1982MP, $99.95 + End-Fed Half-Waves (EFHW) —MFJ-1982MP, $99.95. 300 Watts resonate on halfwave fundamental Restricted space, 80-10M, 132 ft frequency and even harmonics. 80- MFJ-1984MP, $89.95. 300 Watts 10 Meters = no'raps, stubs, res- Restricted space, 40-i0M. 66 feet. onators. Broad-band matchin ftansformer gives you low SiR! MFJ-1982HP, $129.95. 800 Watts, Nore ealicedec high power, 80-10 Meters. 132 feel, ihe aa aautareatoel MFJ-1984HP, $109.95. 600 Watts, radials of feedline required high power, 40-10 Meters. 66 feet: * Get on the air 80-10 Meters» Nearly Invisible, no-lan no-tangle «MF J-1982LP, $79.95. 30 Watts with a single wire EFHW and one black Teflon insulated radiator wire. QRP, 80-10 Meters. 132 feet. center or end support. Fast, easy» Weather and U/V resistant. MFJ-1984LP, $69.95. 30 Watts set-upitake-down for portable use. Easy storage and transport, QRP, 40-10 Meters, 66 feet. 17’ Stainless Steel § Single-band Rotat- ; MFJ Walk-About —_10-band 80-2M Telescopic Whip [fable mini Dipoles | _80-6M Antenna /Portable MFJ-1979, $79.95. MFJ-22XX, $89.95, MFJ-1899T, $119.95. 9S, '99.95 Bremium stainless steel, Lightweight rue Operate 80°68 MetersiWARC HF: 60-10 Mete's, VHF: 6 Triect ext. 27" colapsed. | balanced mint. bands. BNC attaches direct. and 2 Meters. Low SWR, ‘Aéjust length for ful 14 ipoles for portable Iyto your Yaesu FT-817, 200 Watts. Wander lead jwave antenna on 20-2M. [| and space limited use. Elgeraft KX1/2/3, Icom IC- changes bands. Use MEJST loading coll ||| Choose: 75/60140/3020117/ f§705, Xiegu G-90, X5105. 12° | Maximum height is 49.5 for S0/40/60160M For 3/8- ||] 15/12/1016 Meters. Includes loading coll with wander inches. 318-24 or PL- 24 standard mounts, {wo HF sticks of your choice fllead. T0-section telescopic | 259. Whip unscrews at and dipole mount whip, 82" ex. 7 colpsed. | base for quick sorage 33’ Telescopic eae iP unserews for eas — LNT {carry and storage. fats. "Hamsticks! Portable Mast =P>|f Tue isolsied bar ry and storage. 25 Watts. BW Choose 751401301201 MF4-1910, $119.95. Fiber- I anced dipole IMFJ-7703, $10.95. BNC! Sriig/t2/10/6 Meters, glass. 3% collapse, 33 bs. ff mount only. 1.25° mast size. PL-269 right angle adapter. $24,95-$39.95 each. BigEAR™ Dipole | 4-Band Octopus — MFJ QuickStik™ a me12589, $249.95. -55 ite | Antenna Hub >. Mount/Ground Bae) Et ext, 28° colapsed, MFJ-1936T, $59.95. Hamsticks alun, 7KW, 30/40M coil BigStick™ Vertical MFI-2286, $149.95. 7-59 MHz ‘Tex. 28" colapsed, mou counterpoise, 30/40N col, 1k BigEar™ Combo MFJ-2100, $139.95. Tums pairs of hamsticks "WW Push Into ground up to Rugged Construction. into four fuly balanced 4% tach any HEAHE Heavy-duty 4, 316" dlam- dipole antennas in min- \_~_) JUHF antenna with 3/8- eter fbergiass base with tes! Any bands: 80-2, “24 connector like & 2125" diameter stain- 440 MHz. Balun, single coax hamstick or whip, less steel whip. Handles feed, no antenna tuner needed. attach coax to SO-239, 250 Watts PEP. Collaps- i 20 | Perec for fiberass pole on operate! Use QuckSin 8 to 4 feet for storage. Bid conf tripod at any height. Eight Yas ground andfor use inclu: 3/8424. 75/40/30/20/17/ be indie. § 3'8-24 connectors for antennas. ded 25 ft counterpoise wire. 15/10/6M, $24.95-$39.95 39, pat MFJ 10-40 Meters Box Fan Mag Loo} Portable MFJ Tripods and Tripod/Masts Portable Antenna MFJ-1780, $419.98. Black stee! base forms strong braced equilateral triangles MF J-1621, $149.95._ Portable 2x2 ft. Carry on a side. Non-skid feet, strong, mast locks. 40-10M, telescoping handle. 14-30 MHz” ghrwrJ-1919, $129.95. 9! Ibs, Folds 100 Ibs, 1.4° dia. mast whip: 54” extended, 22" |continuous. 150W SSB/ extends 7.8 ft Base spreads to 4.8 ft. 54"x6" dia. collapsed. collapsed. Tuner, field }CW. High efficiency MFJ-1919EX, $199.95. Tripod plus 18' fiberglass mast. 5’ olapaed te wa ata. 1, ot bs P4918, $84.99: Tripod: 6 en. 38° colapsed, 6 Ibs 2000 capactor all welded. Fast MEJ-A9TBEX, $129.98, Smaller tripod with 9 fber- SSBICW. slow tune remote contro glass mast 38 fcolapsed. top, 1" bottom. 6.5 Ibs. MFJ QRPocket™ QRPAntenna Tuner MFJ Manual Tuner — 200W Auto Tuner strengh meter, gaze mag loop no roa 38 coax. Baling contact Buiterny Loop Tuner MFJ-9201, MFJ-945E, a MFJ-939, ead srhst tis CRS 2 REMI SS2 nun Det) 25 Capea Seyi ets, arya wire around a 40'Meters, 25 W. 300 Watts PEP. Tunes tuner for Icom, Yaesu, ookease, win- 42-position h:Q _coax-fed antennas and ran-_ Kenwood and others. dow, tree or other inductor, tune/bypass, anten- dom wires. Lighted cross- Automatically tunes at and attach to this MFJ QRP naan transmitting matching needle SWR/forward and antenna ultra-fast! 20,000 Loop Antenna Tuner. It variable capacitors, BNC reflected Wattmeter. Bypass Virtual antenna memories, becomes 2.25 Watt mult: connectors. Tiny 4Wx2'hHx switch bypasses tuner. SO- matches 6-1600 Ohms, 1.8- band transmiting magnetic ‘17D inches ~ MFJ-9201, rig 239, wing nut post for 30 MHz, 2 to 200 Watts Joop! 40-10 Meters with in- and antennas easily fitinio a ground. Efficient, low loss. SSB/CW. Radio interface cluded flexible wire loop. No backpack or briefease for airwound inductor. Small, _cable included, 2-year MF ‘ground, radials or needed. vacation, SOTA, hikes, etc. BWx2HxGD inches. warranty, 6/WxhHX7 1:0". MFJ Enterprises, Inc. 300 industrial Pk Re, Starkville, ms 39759 56 ES sR Py Phone: (662) 323-5869 * Tech Help: (662) 323-0549 * FAX: (662) 323-6551 8-4:30 CST, Mo + year odr nwa ay mane bat partias fos sh) on rr re far MELHam Ads Please contact the Advertising Department at 860-594-0255 or hamads@arrl.org for further information or to submit your ad. (QSTHam Ads onthe Web Updated Monthy! www.arrl.org/ham-ad-listing Bofore considering a ham ad please road. {:Adwranamisipreniopoascsandarees wien areata ‘Bower epee AHL reer Opens Non A ‘loser wes xe) Tee fist neneiton wate on ase faba, eect SSoteee earaeaematens famats son larhehar Wornslonrosannyurad a eae, Trpetecrremctm gy eros ‘mc see atenantsovens etcaat sores SSeS Tororo ean ror arta sr rater org A eseterthe Sao URS ree PERE Eerie sc mare Seneca ono, Ee eneenece Becuremucmmmenr Sener Club/Hamfests/Nets 189 Counties Tats how vary Georgia has. 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