Appendix I JD Service Manual CTM 170 101 150 en Es DL

Cpnrmf`öj knh s`stnlm kn fcloustòhn nhnftröj`fm
Dujf`cjml`njtc knh s`stnlm kn fcloustòhn - J`vnh ?
96
=69
;
?
9
[
F
C
;
?
-
J
^
-
M
0
9
2
=
=
B
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M-pr`lmr`m D`htrmr Oclom kn `jynff`öj kn N-Dunh Ocqu`hhm kn `jynff`öj kn E-Dunh H-`jynff`öj m prns`öj kn hm oclom
Oclom kn trmjsdnrnjf`m kn fcloustòhn-O Hm `jynff`öj kn hm oclom kn knsocrkml`njtc D- @-rntcrjc kn fcloustòhn kn dubms Hìjnm Fcloustòhn
D`htrmr F-D`jmh / snpmrmkcr kn mbum Tíhvuhm Fcloustòhn Yrns`öj A-_nturj L-njtrmkm knh tmjqun kn fcloustòhn
K-m`rn kn purbm Tíhvuhm B-rntcrjc mh knpös`tc kn fcloustòhn Hìjnm G kn trmjsdnrnjf`m kn prns`öj kn hm oclom
Fcloustòhn
JC[M1 Ymrm cotnjnr `jdcrlmf`öj scorn nh J`vnh = J`vnh ? vs. m trmvàs kn hcs fcjkuftcs kn sul`j`strc (prns`öj) m hms tconrms kn `jynff`öj kn fcloustòhn (E). V`
mph`fmf`cjns, vnr hm tmohm kn mph`fmf`cjns LC[C_ nj nh Brupc emy uj nxfnsc kn fcloustòhn nj hm oclom kn `jynff`öj, sn hònrm m trmvàs kn ujm víhvuhm kn
99= mjtnr`crlnjtn nj nstn lmjumh. rnocsn y sn knvunhvn mh tmjqun. Nj hm lmycrìm kn hms mph`fmf`cjns, nstn fcloustòhn sn njrutm m
trmvàs kn uj njdr`mkcr kn fcloustòhn mjtns kn vchvnr mh tmjqun kn fcloustòhn. Mhbujms
Hm oclom kn trmjsdnrnjf
trmjsdnrnjf`m
`m kn fcloustòhn (O) nxtrmn fcloustòhn knh tmjqun (L) m trmvàs knh d`htrc mph`fmf`cjns ut`h`zmj uj njdr`mkcr kn fcloustòhn nj nh hmkc kn mh`lnjtmf`öj knh knpös`tc kn
kn fcloustòhn pr`lmr`c (M) lnk`mjtn hm prnsur`zmf`öj knh fcloustòhn. ^jm vnz qun nh fcloustòhn fcloustòhn.
ns prnsur`zmkc nj hm oclom kn trmjsdnrnjf`m, qun sn knsphmzm m trmvàs knh d`htrc d`jmh fcj uj
snpmrmkcr kn mbum (F) m hm oclom kn `jynff`öj kn fcloustòhn (N). M`rn y nh nxfnsc kn
fcloustòhn sn nxtrmn smjbrn dunrm knh s`stnlm nj nh d`htrc d`jmh m trmvàs kn uj m`rn smjbrmr-cdd kn hm ^jm vnz qun nh fcloustòhn njtrm nj hm ocqu`hhm kn `jynff`öj (E), supnrm hm prns`öj knh rnscrtn
víhvuhm (K). Fcloustòhn sn njfml`jm njtcjfns m trmvàs kn ujm hìjnm kn rntcrjc kn fcloustòhn nj hm víhvuhm kn hm ocqu`hhm y ns dcrzmkc m smh`r kn hcs pnqunýcs cr`d`f`cs nj hm pujtm kn hm
qun nstí fcjnftmkc m hm víhvuhm kn rnocsn (D) nj hm oclom kn `jynff`öj. Nstn fcloustòhn vunhvn mh ocqu`hhm. Nstn prcfnsc mtcl`zm nh fcloustòhn, ym qun njtrm nj hm fílmrm kn fcloust`öj. Nh
knpös`tc kn fcloustòhn (B) knspuàs kn pmsmr m trmvàs kn uj njdr`mkcr kn fcloustòhn. nxfnsc kn fcloustòhn knskn hms ocqu`hhms sn k`r`bn m trmvàs kn hm hìjnm kn dubms kn rntcrjc kn
fcloustòhn (@) y smhn pcr nh rntcrjc m hm hìjnm kn fcloustòhn knh tmjqun (B).
Hm oclom kn `jynff`öj kn fcloustòhn mulnjtm

mulnjtm hm prns`öj knh fcloustòhn rnqunr`kc pmrm hm
`jynff`öj. sn njfml`jm Nstn fcloustòhn m mhtm prns`öj
_B;=??=,9999=9=
_B;=??=,9999=9= -=0-=2CF[9?-= / =
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=69-; ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < =99

D`htrc kn fcloustòhn pr`lmr`c Cpnrmf`öj - J`vnh =
JC[M1 Ymrm cotnjnr `jdcrlmf`öj scorn hms mph`fmf`cjns kn J`vnh ? J`vnh = vs,
Tnm hm tmohm kn lctcr kn mph`fmf`öj nj nh Brupc 99= mjtnr`crlnjtn

nj nstn lmjumh.
Nh d`htrc pr`lmr`c (M) ns uj d`htrc kn =>9 l`frms, qun hms pmjtmhhms kn pmrtìfuhms dunrm knh
s`stnlm kn fcloustòhn mjtns kn qun hhnbunj m hm oclom kn trmjsdnrnjf`m. Nh fcloustòhn
=
9
J
d`htrmkc sn njrutm m trmvàs knh d`htrc kn fcloustòhn d`jmh y hunbc m hm oclom kn `jynff`öj. ^
A
?
=
-
J
^
-
M
6
>
9
96
=
=
B
_
=69 >
M-pr`lmr`m D`htrmr
_B;=??=,9999=9D
_B;=??=,9999=9D -=0-=2CF[9?-= / =
D`htrc kn fcloustòhn pr`lmr`c Cpnrmf`öj - J`vnh ?

nj nstn lmjumh.
JC[M1 Mhbujms mph`fmf`cjns ut`h`zmj nh J`vnh ? lcjtmkc uj fcjtrch rnlctc
d`htrc kn fcloustòhn
fcloustòhn..
Nh d`htrc pr`lmr`c ns uj d`htrc kn 69 l`frms, qun hms pmjtmhhms kn pmrtìfuhms dunrm knh s`stnlm
kn fcloustòhn. Nstn d`htrc c o`nj sn punkn lcjtmr nj nh lctcr c nj nh omst`kcr kn hm
líqu`jm. Hm oclom kn trmjsdnrnjf`m kn fcloustòhn (F) nxtrmn fcloustòhn knh tmjqun kn
fcloustòhn, nj nh d`htrc kn njtrmkm kn fcloustòhn pr`lmr`c (M), m trmvàs knh nhnlnjtc kn
d`htrc (K), y smh`r pcr hm smh`km knh d`htrc (O). Nh fcloustòhn d`htrmkc sn njrutm m trmvàs knh
d`htrc kn fcloustòhn d`jmh y hunbc m hm oclom kn `jynff`öj.
=
9
J
^
A
?
=
-
J
^
-
^j krnjman knh d`htrc (N) nstí s`tumkc nj hm pmrtn `jdnr`cr knh nhnlnjtc kn d`htrc. Nstc sn M
9
=
2
=
=
ut`h`zm pmrm krnjmr nh nxfnsc kn fcloustòhn y nh mbum knh d`htrc. B
_
M-pr`lmr`m D`htrc kn fcloustòhn D`htrc kn njtrmkm kn
^j mbum nj nh fcloustòhn (R@D) knh snjscr sn njfunjtrm nj nh fmonzmh knh d`htrc fcj hm fcloustòhn O-pr`lmr`m oclom kn trmjsdnrnjf`m kn
nhnlnjtc kn K-d`htrc kn knsmbøn N-d`htrc kn smh`km
scjkm aujtc mh krnjman knh d`htrc nj hcs lctcrns lmr`jcs schmlnjtn. Ymrm cotnjnr lís
F-Dunh
`jdcrlmf`öj knh snjscr R@D, vàmsn nh mbum nj nh fcloustòhn (R@D) VNJVC_ nj hm
Vnff`öj 96, Brupc =;9 lís mknhmjtn nj nstn lmjumh.
_B;=??=,9999=9?
_B;=??=,9999=9? -=0-=2CF[9?-= / =
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=69-> ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < =9=

D`jmh kn d`htrc kn fcloustòhn Cpnrmf`öj - J`vnh =

nj nstn lmjumh.
Nh d`htrc kn fcloustòhn d`jmh ns uj d`htrc kn > l`frms. Hm oclom kn trmjsdnrnjf`m (D) nxtrmn
fcloustòhn knh tmjqun kn fcloustòhn m trmvàs knh d`htrc pr`lmr`c. Nh fcloustòhn njtrm nj nh d`htrc
d`jmh nj hm njtrmkm (F), m fcjt`jumf`öj, dhuyn m trmvàs knh nhnlnjtc kn d`htrc fnjtrmh (K) y smhn pcr hm
smh`km (hmkc `jvnrsc, jc sn lunstrm) m hm oclom kn `jynff`öj kn fcloustòhn. Nh m`rn c nh nxfnsc kn
96 fcloustòhn ns nxpuhsmkc m trmvàs kn hm víhvuhm kn purbm (M). Knpnjk`njkc kn hm mph`fmf`öj, qun sn
=69 nanfutm m trmvàs kn ujm hìjnm kn fcloustòhn qun, c o`nj sn fcjnftm fcj nh rntcrjc m hm hìjnm kn
4
fcloustòhn knh knpös`tc kn knsocrkml`njtc kn hm oclom kn `jynff`öj c sn nanfutm k`rnftmlnjtn mh
tmjqun kn fcloustòhn.
Nh nhnlnjtc kn d`htrc nstí mhcamkc nj uj funjfc kn snk`lnjtcs uj`kc m hm omsn fcj uj

mj`hhc kn rntnjf`öj rcsfmkc. Kmkc qun nh mbum y hcs fcjtml`jmjtns sn knpcs`tmj nj nh
dcjkc knh funjfc kn snk`lnjtcs, sn prcpcrf`cjm uj tmpöj kn vmf`mkc (N). Knpnjk`njkc
kn hm mph`fmf`öj, uj rnf`p`njtn snpmrmkcr kn mbum pmrm nh krnjman punkn nstmr uj`kc m
fumhqu`nrm kn hcs kcs nh d`htrc d`jmh c pr`lmr`m.
Hm omsn kn d`htrc d`jmh mhcam nh snjscr kn prns`öj kn fcloustòhn (O). Ymrm cotnjnr lís
`jdcrlmf`öj scorn nh snjscr kn prns`öj kn fcloustòhn, vàmsn hm lnk`f`öj kn prns`öj nj nh =
9
J
^
Brupc =;9, lís mknhmjtn nj nstn lmjumh. A
?
=
-
J
^
-
M
;
>
9
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=
B
_
Nhnlnjtc N-[mpöj kn krnjman D-Oclom kn

prns`öj kn [rmjsdnrnjf`m M-Tíhvuhm kn purbm
kn fcloustòhn O-Vnjscr F-K-njtrmkm kn

fcloustòhn D`htrc
_B;=??=,9999=9N
_B;=??=,9999=9N -=0-=2CF[9?-= / =
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=69-4 ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < =9?

D`jmh kn d`htrc kn fcloustòhn Cpnrmf`öj - J`vnh ?

nj nstn lmjumh.
Nh d`htrc kn fcloustòhn d`jmh ns uj d`htrc kn > l`frms. Hm oclom kn trmjsdnrnjf`m nxtrmn fcloustòhn knh
tmjqun kn fcloustòhn m trmvàs knh d`htrc pr`lmr`c. Nh fcloustòhn njtrm nj nh d`htrc d`jmh nj hm njtrmkm (F),
m fcjt`jumf`öj, dhuyn m trmvàs knh nhnlnjtc kn d`htrc fnjtrmh (K) y smhn pcr hm smh`km (hmkc `jvnrsc, jc sn
lunstrm) m hm oclom kn `jynff`öj kn fcloustòhn. Nh m`rn c nh nxfnsc kn fcloustòhn ns nxpuhsmkc m
trmvàs kn hm víhvuhm kn purbm (M) kn njrutml`njtc kn hm pmrtn pcstnr`cr kn fcloustòhn mh knpös`tc kn 96
fcloustòhn. Knpnjk`njkc kn hm mph`fmf`öj, hm rutm kn lmyc kn fcloustòhn m trmvàs kn uj rndr`bnrmkcr =69 2
kn fcloustòhn mjtns kn hm f`stnrjm.
Nh nhnlnjtc kn d`htrc nstí mhcamkc nj uj funjfc kn snk`lnjtcs uj`kc m hm omsn fcj uj

mj`hhc kn rntnjf`öj rcsfmkc. Kmkc qun nh mbum y hcs fcjtml`jmjtns sn knpcs`tmj nj nh
dcjkc knh funjfc kn snk`lnjtcs, sn prcpcrf`cjm uj tmpöj kn vmf`mkc (N). Knpnjk`njkc =
9
J
^
A
kn hm mph`fmf`öj, uj rnf`p`njtn snpmrmkcr kn mbum pmrm nh krnjman punkn nstmr uj`kc m ?
=
-
J
^
fumhqu`nrm kn hcs kcs nh d`htrc d`jmh c pr`lmr`m. -
M
=
=
2
=
=
B
_
Hm omsn kn d`htrc d`jmh mhcam nh snjscr kn prns`öj kn fcloustòhn (O). Ymrm cotnjnr lís
Yrns`öj M-Tíhvuhm kn purbm kn fcloustòhn
`jdcrlmf`öj scorn nh snjscr kn prns`öj kn fcloustòhn, vàmsn hm lnk`f`öj kn prns`öj nj nh O-F-Vnjscr kn fcloustòhn kn njtrmkm
Brupc =;9, lís mknhmjtn nj nstn lmjumh. K-D`htnr Nhnlnjt N-[mpöj kn krnjman
_B;=??=,9999=96
_B;=??=,9999=96 -=0-=2CF[9?-= / =

9>=;96
YJ < =96

Dujf`cjml`njtc kn hm oclom kn `jynff`öj kn fcloustòhn
96
=69
5
=
9
B
^
M
>
=
-
J
^
-
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>
9
=
=
B
_
M-Kr`vnsemdt K-K`stròu`kcr Nan ^j`kmk kn Fcjtrch D-Oclom E-s`jfrcj`zmf`öj kn hm víhvuhm kn schnjc`kn
Hm oclom O-Vul`j`strc N-mhtm prns`öj schnjc`kn K`spcs`t`vc B-[`l`jb @-íjbuhc knh snjscr kn rctmf`öj
F-p`stcjns rmk`mhns Tíhvuhm
Oclom kn mhtm prns`öj
JC[M1 Nj hm `hustrmf`öj mjtnr`cr sn em rnprckuf`kc fcj mvmjzmkc k`spcs`t`vc kn t`nlpc p`stöj (B), y hm uj`kmk kn fcjtrch kn hm oclom (D).
nh pnrl`sc kn _conrt Ocsfe F crpcrmt`cj. Nh f`bønýmh mff`cjm nh nan kn trmjsl`s`öj lnk`mjtn njbrmjmans njtrn hcs kcs
fclpcjnjtns. Hm rctmf`öj knh nan kn trmjsl`s`öj sn lunvn hm oclom kn
Hcs pr`jf`pmhns fclpcjnjtns kn hm oclom kn `jynff`öj kn fcloustòhn Ocsfe TY;; scj nh mh`lnjtmf`öj, oclom kn àlochc rmk`mh, y nan knh k`stròu`kcr, ym qun tckcs nstcs
nan kn trmjsl`s`öj (M), hm oclom kn mh`lnjtmf`öj (O), oclom kn àlochc rmk`mh (F), nan knh fclpcjnjtns nstíj mfcphmkcs.
k`stròu`kcr (K),
Fcjt`jñm nj hm s`bu`njtn píb`jm KYVB, _B6;2=9,==5 -=0-=2CF[9?-= / ?

9>=;96
YJ < =9;

Hm oclom kn sul`j`strc kn fcloustòhn kn t`pc pmhntms nxtrmn fcloustòhn knskn nh d`htrc Hcs höouhcs kn hm hnvm y nh lclnjtc kn hm prns`öj kn `jynff`öj scj ym snm mvmjzmkc c
d`jmh y fcj fmkm rnvchuf`öj sul`j`strm ujm fmjt`kmk fcjstmjtn kn fcloustòhn m hm oclom kn rntmrkmkc pcr hm rctmf`öj knh mj`hhc kn hnvm ujcs pcfcs brmkcs nj fumhqu`nr k`rnff`öj. ^j
àlochc rmk`mh. Yunstc qun hm prns`öj kn hm oclom kn mh`lnjtmf`öj ns ujm dujf`öj kn hm àlochc kn fcjtrch sn lunvn nh p`stöj kn tnlpcr`zmf`öj m trmvàs knh usc kn fcloustòhn
vnhcf`kmk kn hm oclom, ns jnfnsmr`c pmrm nv`tmr ujm prns`öj nxfns`vm nj hm fmrfmsm m mhtms prns`öj kn sul`j`strc, qun ns fcjtrchmkm pcr hm víhvuhm kn schnjc`kn kn tnlpcr`zmf`öj.
vnhcf`kmkns. ^jm víhvuhm kn fcjtrch kn prns`öj sn ut`h`zm pmrm rnbuhmr hm prns`öj kn Fumjkc hm víhvuhm kn schnjc`kn kn tnlpcr`zmf`öj nstí fnrrmkc, nh k`spcs`t`vc kn t`nlpc
fcloustòhn nj hm fmrfmsm kn hm oclom. V` hm prns`öj knh fcloustòhn nxfnkn nh ulormh, hm mvmjzm nh t`nlpc pnrl`t`njkc qun hm prns`öj kn fcloustòhn kn sul`j`strc m hm
víhvuhm sn morn pmrm mh`v`mr nh nxfnsc kn prns`öj kn mh`lnjtmf`öj. Nstn fcloustòhn sn mfuluhmf`öj y dcrzmr nh àlochc kn fcjtrch pmrm lcvnr nj ujm k`rnff`öj mx`mh. Fumjkc hm
njfml`jm njtcjfns kn junvc mh hmkc kn njtrmkm kn fcloustòhn kn hm oclom. víhvuhm kn schnjc`kn kn tnlpcr`zmf`öj nstí mo`nrtc, hcs rntmrkmkcs k`spcs`t`vc kn t`nlpc
kn tnlpcr`zmf`öj lnk`mjtn nh mh`v`c kn hm prns`öj kntrís knh àlochc kn fcjtrch y
pnrl`t`njkc qun nh l`slc fcloustòhn prns`öj kn mh`lnjtmf`öj pmrm lcvnr nh àlochc kn
fcjtrch nj hm k`rnff`öj cpunstm. Hm pcs`f`öj kn hm víhvuhm kn hm tnlpcr`zmf`öj kn schnjc`kn 96
sn kntnrl`jm pcr hm uj`kmk kn fcjtrch kn hm oclom. =69 0
Hm oclom kn mhtm prns`öj knh p`stöj rmk`mh bnjnrm hm prns`öj kn `jynff`öj

pmrm fmkm f`h`jkrc. Nstm oclom `jfhuyn uj mj`hhc kn hnvms, p`stcjns, y hm
víhvuhm kn schnjc`kn kn mhtm prns`öj (N) pmrm myukmr m frnmr hm mhtm prns`öj
rnqunr`km. Fcloustòhn m prns`öj kn sul`j`strc njtrm nj hm oclom kn àlochc
rmk`mh. Hm fmjt`kmk kn fcloustòhn qun njtrm nj hm fílmrm kn oclom kn Hm uj`kmk kn fcjtrch kn hm oclom (YVB) (D) sn njfunjtrm nj hm pmrtn supnr`cr kn hm
àlochc rmk`mh sn fcjtrchm pcr hm pcs`f`öj kn hm víhvuhm kn schnjc`kn kn mhtm oclom kn `jynff`öj. Nh YVB y hm (uj`kmk kn fcjtrch knh lctcr) NF^ fcluj`fmj m
prns`öj. Nh nxfnsc kn fcloustòhn sn hònrm kn hm víhvuhm kn rnocsn. Hcs trmvàs kn ujm rnk kn írnm fcjtrchmkm (FMJ). Ymrm cotnjnr lís `jdcrlmf`öj mfnrfm kn
àlochcs nstíj s`tumkcs nj nh `jtnr`cr knh nan knh k`stròu`kcr rctmt`vc y sn hm FMJ, fcjsuhtn FCJ[_CHMKC Mrnm Jntwcrg (FMJ) lís mknhmjtn nj nstn brupc.
lunvnj emf`m nh `jtnr`cr y emf`m nh nxtnr`cr pcr hcs höouhcs nj nh mj`hhc kn hnvm. Hm NF^ sul`j`strm hm fmjt`kmk knsnmkm kn fcloustòhn pmrm hm `jynff`öj, nh `j`f`c kn
Fumjkc hcs àlochcs scj dcrzmkcs emf`m knjtrc pcr su rctmf`öj knjtrc kn hcs hm `jynff`öj, y hcs lnjsmans kn vnhcf`kmk knh lctcr m hm YVB. Nh YVB m fmlo`c njvìm
höouhcs kn hnvm, nh fcloustòhn mhfmjzm hm prns`öj kn `jynff`öj. Nh hm NF^ hm kurmf`öj kn mft`vmf`öj kn hm mhtm prns`öj kn hm víhvuhm kn schnjc`kn, hm
fcloustòhn m prns`öj kn `jynff`öj sn hònrm fumjkc hm rmjurm nj nh nan knh vnhcf`kmk kn hm oclom kn `jynff`öj, hm tnlpnrmturm knh fcloustòhn kn hm oclom kn
k`stròu`kcr nstí mh`jnmkm fcj hm smh`km kn mhtm prns`öj. Nh fcloustòhn sn `jynff`öj, y fumhqu`nr fök`bc kn dmhhc bnjnrmkms oclom kn `jynff`öj. Nstm
knsphmzm knskn hm smh`km, `jdcrlmf`öj nj bnjnrmkm pcr hcs s`bu`njtns fclpcjnjtns `jtnrjcs pmrm nh YVB1
íjbuhc kn snjscr kn rctmf`öj (@), nh k`spcs`t`vc kn k`stròuf`öj (B), snjscr kn
tnlpnrmturm knh fcloustòhn, y hm víhvuhm kn schnjc`kn kn mhtm prns`öj (N). Nstm
fcluj`fmf`öj sn lmjt`njn hm oclom y nh lctcr nj nh t`nlpc njtrn sì y prctnbn nh
lctcr y hm oclom kn hcs drmfmscs. Hm oclom tmlo`àj t`njn hm fmpmf`kmk kn k`sl`ju`r
hm pctnjf`m knh lctcr lnk`mjtn hm h`l`tmf`öj kn hm fmjt`kmk kn sul`j`strc kn
Nh mvmjzmkc k`spcs`t`vc kn t`nlpc p`stöj (B) hcs fcjtrchns fumjkc sn frnm hm prns`öj kn fcloustòhn mh lctcr s` emy uj prcohnlm rnhmf`cjmkc fcj hm oclom.
`jynff`öj. Hcs pr`jf`pmhns fclpcjnjtns mscf`mkcs fcj nh k`spcs`t`vc kn t`nlpc scj nh
p`stöj k`spcs`t`vc kn t`nlpc, nh àlochc kn fcjtrch, nh mj`hhc kn hnvm, y hm víhvuhm kn
s`jfrcj`zmf`öj kn schnjc`kn (E). Nh mj`hhc kn hnvm t`njn uj pnqunýc pnrjc kn ochm nj su
omsn qun fmomhbm knjtrc kn ujm rmjurm nj nh `jtnr`cr knh p`stöj k`spcs`t`vc kn
tnlpcr`zmf`öj. Nstc pnrl`tn nh lcv`l`njtc mx`mh knh p`stöj kn s`jfrcj`zmf`öj pmrm snr
fcjvnrt`kc nj lcv`l`njtc kn rctmf`öj knh mj`hhc kn hnvm.
KYVB, _B6;2=9,==5 -=0-=2CF[9?-? / ?

9>=;96
YJ < =9>

Cpnrmf`öj kn `jynff`öj kn fcloustòhn kn hm ocqu`hhm
96
=69
=9
2
0
T
C
J
6
=
-
J
^
-
M
9
9
5
2
B
_
M-pujtm kn hm ocqu`hhm N-Yrnf`jtc kn Hmvmkcrm @-Mhtc Vnmh L-H`dt [crj`hhc kn maustn

O-fmrocjc snhhc prnsm L-Nkbn-D`htnr [ypn Ms`njtc A-Vpr`jb J-Hcfg Jut
F-Funrpc kn Ocqu`hhm B-njtrmkm kn fcloustòhn G-Tíhvuhm kn rnscrtn C-Yrns`öj [crj`hhc kn maustn
K-ocqu`hhm kn hm víhvuhm Buìm E-Mhtc H-Mrmjknhm Y-[unrfm kn snbur`kmk
Hms ocqu`hhms kn `jynff`öj nstíj msnburmkcs pcr ujm mormzmknrm kn hcfmh`zmf`öj nj hm fmonzm fcloustòhn kcs`d`fmkm omac mhtm prns`öj, ns njtrnbmkc pcr hm oclom kn `jynff`öj m
knh f`h`jkrc knh lctcr. Hcs `jynftcrns scj pr`lmvnrm y t`pc kn víhvuhm, cpnrmkc trmvàs kn hm njtrmkm kn hm ocqu`hhm (B) nj nh funrpc kn hm víhvuhm nj hm zcjm qun rcknm
e`kríuh`fmlnjtn pcr nh fcloustòhn sul`j`strmkc knskn hm oclom kn `jynff`öj. hm víhvuhm. Fumjkc hm prns`öj knh fcloustòhn mhfmjzm hm prns`öj kn mpnrturm kn hm
ocqu`hhm, hm víhvuhm ns dcrzmkc knskn su ms`njtc fcjtrm hm prns`öj knh lunhhn, hc qun
pnrl`tn ujm fmjt`kmk lnk`km kn fcloustòhn njtrn nj hm fílmrm kn fcloust`öj m
Hm ocqu`hhm nstí snhhmkc nj nh nxtrnlc supnr`cr pcr ujm mrmjknhm kn snhhmkc kn phíst`fc trmvàs kn fumtrc pnqunýcs mbuanrcs nj hm pujtm kn hm ocqu`hhm.
(N). ^j snhhc kn hm prnsm kn fmrocjc (O), uo`fmkm nj nh nxtrnlc `jdnr`cr knh funrpc kn
ocqu`hhm (F), `lp`kn hm mfuluhmf`öj kn fmrocjc m pmrt`r kn hm rnfcb`km kn hcs bmsns
mhrnknkcr kn hm ocqu`hhm y kn fcloust`öj kn scphmkc pcr nh funrpc kn hm tconrm nj hm
fmonzm knh f`h`jkrc. Hm pujtm kn hm ocqu`hhm (M) sn prns`cjm nj nh funrpc kn ocqu`hhm y Knspuàs kn qun sn em `jynftmkc fcloustòhn, nh rnscrtn f`nrrm hm víhvuhm. Nj hm
jc sn punkn snpmrmr. cpnrmf`öj rnmh, hm víhvuhm sn morn y sn f`nrrm luy ríp`kmlnjtn, prcpcrf`cjmjkc ujm
femrhm k`st`jtm.
Njfnrrmkc nj nh funrpc kn ocqu`hhm scj hm víhvuhm (K), nh rnscrtn kn víhvuhm (G), y nh ^jm pnquným fmjt`kmk kn fcloustòhn sn dubm lís mhhí kn hm víhvuhm nj hm zcjm kn rnscrtn.
ms`njtc kn lunhhn (A). Hm prns`öj kn dujf`cjml`njtc kn hm ocqu`hhm sn fcjtrchm lnk`mjtn Nstc njdrìm y huor`fm hms p`nzms kn trmomac kn hm ocqu`hhm. Nstn nxfnsc kn fcloustòhn sn rnt`rm
nh tcrj`hhc kn maustn kn prns`öj (C) nj nh nxtrnlc supnr`cr knh funrpc kn ocqu`hhm. njtcjfns kn hm ocqu`hhm nj hm pmrtn supnr`cr pcr lnk`c kn ujm hìjnm kn dubms njfml`jmkc kn
nhnvmf`öj kn hm víhvuhm sn maustm lnk`mjtn nh tcrj`hhc kn maustn kn nhnvmf`öj (L) s`tumkc junvc mh knpös`tc kn fcloustòhn.
nj nh tcrj`hhc kn maustn kn prns`öj.
^jm fml`sntm hìjnm kn dubms nstí uj`kc mh nxtrnlc supnr`cr kn hm ocqu`hhm kn `jynff`öj,
msnburmkc pcr ujm tunrfm enxmbcjmh.
KYVB, _B6;2=9,==0 -=0-90LMP9=-= / =
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=69-=9 ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < =94

brupc =;9
Cpnrmf`öj knh V`stnlm kn Fcjtrch Nhnftröj`fc
Mfnrfm kn nstn brupc
Nj nstn brupc, nh s`stnlm kn fcjtrch nhnftröj`fc sn knsfròn nj hms s`bu`njtns

fmtnbcrìms1
• V`stnlm kn fcjtrch nhnftröj`fc [nrl`jchcbìm

• Cpnrmf`öj knh V`stnlm kn Fcjtrch Nhnftröj`fc
• Lcj`tcrnc kn hcs pmrílntrcs knh lctcr
• V`stnlm kn fcjtrc
V`stnlm fcjtrchh nhnftröj
nhnftröj`fc
`fc bnjnrm
bnjnrmhh - J`vnh
J`vnh =
• V`stnlm
V`stnlm kn fcjtrc
fcjtrchh nhnftröj
nhnftröj`fc
`fc bnjnrm
bnjnrmhh - J`vnh
J`vnh ?
• Hm lnk`f`öj kn hm tnlpnrmturm 96
- [nlpnrmturm knh rndr`bnrmjtn knh lctcr (NF[) Vnjscr =;9 =
- Fchnftcr kn m`rn kn tnlpnrmturm (LM[) Vnjscr

• ln
lnk`
k`rr hm tn
tnjs
js`ö
`öj
j
- Vnjscr kn prns`öj kn fcloustòhn
- Vnjscr kn prns`öj kn mfn`tn
• Hm lnk`f`öj kn pcs`f`öj knh mfnhnrmkcr
- mjmhöb`fc knh mfnhnrmkcr
- FMJ mfnhnrmkcr
- Kumh Nstmkc knh mfnhnrmkcr
- nxfmvmkcrm mfnhnrmkcr
- Tmr`cs nstmkcs knh mfnhnrmkcr
- Lckuhmkm nj mjfeurm (YRL) knh mfnhnrmkcr

- rmlpm knh mfnhnrmkcr
- [r`-nstmkc knh mfnhnrmkc
mfnhnrmkcr r
• Hm lnk`f`öj kn hm vnhcf`kmk knh lctcr
- Vnjscr kn pcs`f`öj knh f`bønýmh
- Vnjscr kn pcs`f`öj kn hm oclom
• Oclom kn trmjsdnrnjf`m nhnftröj`fm
• Mbum nj nh fcloustòhn (R@D) Vnjscr
• ^j`kmk kn Fcjtrch kn Oclom
• ^j`kmk kn fcjtrch knh lctcr (NF^)
• Fcjtrc
Fcjtrchmk
hmkc
c Mrnm
Mrnm Jntw
Jntwcrg
crg (FM
(FMJ)
J)
• Cpnrmf`öj knh fmhnjtmkcr kn m`rn kn mkl`s`öj
• Dujf`cjml`njtc knh fcjtrch kn frufnrc
• Yrctnff`öj knh lctcr
• Yrcbrmlms kn rnkuff`öj kn pctnjf`m
• Ymr kn lñht`p
lñht`phns
hns furv
furvms ms kn
kn snhnff`
snhnff`öjöj
• Nh bconrjmkcr kn hm `jfh`jmf`öj kn snhnff`öj kn lckc
• ^j`kmk kn fcjtrch knh lctcr (NF^) Mutck`mbjöst`fc
_B;=??=,9999==9
_B;=??=,9999==9 -=0-90LMP9=-= / =
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=;9-= ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < =92

V`stnlm kn fcjtrch nhnftröj`fc [nrl`jchcbìm
Vchnjc`kn ^j k`spcs`t`vc fcjtrchmkc pcr nh (NF^) pmrm rnmh`zmr ujm kntnrl`jmkm dujf`öj.
[àrl`jc mjíhcbc Vnýmh qun t`njn uj rmjbc fcjt`juc kn pcsòhns tnjs`cjns. Ycr hc bnjnrmh, 9 m > 9 m =? vcht`cs snýmhns vcht`cs c.
Mulnjtmr prns`öj kn fmrbm kn m`rn nj nh fchnftcr kn mkl`s`öj.
HM[M Fcjtrchmkcr kn _nk kn Qcjm. Hm rnk vìm nhnftröj`fm nj hcs vneìfuhcs qun pnrl`tn hm fcluj`fmf`öj njtrn hcs fcjtrchmkcrns.
K[F Fök`bc kn k`mbjöst`fc kn prcohnlms. ^j fök`bc qun sn mhlmfnjm nj hm lnlcr`m kn hm NF^ fumjkc hm NF^ kntnftm uj prcohnlm nj nh s`stnlm kn fcjtrch nhnftröj`fc.
96
=;9
? nh ecrmr`c kn vnrmjc Enrrml`njtm kn k`mbjcs`s. Vn trmtm kn uj scdtwmrn kn k`mbjöst`fc qun sn ut`h`zm pmrm hnnr hcs pmrílntrcs knh lctcr, fclprcomr hcs K[F, y nanfutmr prunoms
nspnf`mhns. Nh ecrmr`c kn vnrmjc sn fclpcjn kn ujm kn R`jkcws ('0>, '05, ?999) c fclpmtòhn J[ y uj g`t kn emrkwmrn k`spcjòhn kn Acej Knnrn K`stròut`cj Vnrv`fn
Fnjtnr (KVF)1 AK@V=?= - G`t kn emrkwmrn NF^ Fcluj`fmf`öj. Nh scdtwmrn nstí k`spcjòhn pmrm su knsfmrbm knskn hm píb`jm kn `j`f`c kn Acej Knnrn.
K`b`tmh ^jm snýmh qun fcjstm kn söhc hcs j`vnhns kn kcs vcht`cs - pcr hc bnjnrmh 9 vcht`cs y +> vcht`cs.
[NF Vnjscr kn tnlpnrmturm knh rndr`bnrmjtn knh lctcr). L`kn hm tnlpnrmturm knh rndr`bnrmjtn knh lctcr. Tnr lnk`r hm tnlpnrmturm lís mknhmjtn nj nstn brupc
pmrm cotnjnr lís kntmhhns.
NF^ ^j`kmk kn fcjtrch knh lctcr. Nh crknjmkcr qun fcjtrchm hcs s`stnlms kn fcloustòhn, m`rn, y kn njfnjk`kc nj nh lctcr. Tnr LC[C_ ^J@KMK KN FCJ[_CH (NF^) lís mknhmjtn nj nstn
brupc pmrm cotnjnr lís kntmhhns.
DL@ Dmhhc knh lckc kn `knjt`d`fmkcr. Hm snbujkm pmrtn kn uj fök`bc kn kcs pmrtns qun `knjt`d`fm nh fcjtrch kn hcs fök`bcs kn prcohnlms knh s`stnlm kn mfunrkc fcj hm
jcrlm VMN A=060. Nh DL@ `knjt`d`fm nh t`pc kn dmhhc qun sn em prckuf`kc. Hm pr`lnrm l`tmk knh fök`bc ns nh jñlnrc kn pmrílntrc scspnfecsc (VYJ).
A=>52 / A=295 Hm Vcf`nkmk kn @jbnj`nrcs Mutclctr`fns (VMN) nstíjkmr pmrm hcs fclpcjnjtns nhnftröj`fcs kn hcs vneìfuhcs pnsmkcs. A=>52 ns nh nstíjkmr kn scdtwmrn. A=295 ns
nh nstíjkmr kn emrkwmrn.
NV[N_M [nlpnrmturm knh m`rn knh fchnftcr (snjscr). L`kn hm tnlpnrmturm knh m`rn nj nh fchnftcr kn mkl`s`öj. Tnr lnk`r hm tnlpnrmturm lís mknhmjtn nj nstn brupc pmrm
cotnjnr lís kntmhhns.
YKL Lökuhc kn kmtcs nj pmrmhnhc. K`spcs`t`vc ut`h`zmkc fclc pmrtn kn hm KV[ qun pnrl`tn hm fcluj`fmf`öj fcj hm NF^.
YMVNC Lnlcr`m kn söhc hnfturm prcbrmlmohn. Nh fe`p kn crknjmkcr qun fcjt`njn hm `jdcrlmf`öj kn fmhòrmf`öj pmrm nh s`stnlm kn fcjtrch knh lctcr. Tnr LC[C_ ^J@KMK KN
FCJ[_CH (NF^) lís mknhmjtn nj nstn brupc pmrm cotnjnr lís kntmhhns.
YVB Oclom kn hm uj`kmk kn fcjtrch. Nh fcjtrchmkcr pmrm hm oclom kn `jynff`öj rctmt`vm Ocsfe TY;;. Nstm sn njfunjtrm nj hm pmrtn supnr`cr kn hm oclom kn `jynff`öj. Nh YVB
mfröj`lc knr`vm kn hm pmhmorm mhnlmjm Yulpnjstnunrbnrmt.
YRL Yuhsn R`kte Lckuhmt`cj. ^jm snýmh k`b`tmh (jc mjmhöb`fc) qun fcjs`stn nj uj puhsc bnjnrmkc m ujm drnfunjf`m dàm. Fumjkc uj mftumkcr nstí fcjtrchmkc pcr ujm
snýmh kn YRL, nh t`nlpc kn njfnjk`kc kn hm snýmh mulnjtm c k`sl`juyn (lckuhmkm) pmrm mulnjtmr c k`sl`ju`r hm smh`km knh mftumkcr.
_ML Lnlcr`m kn mffnsc mhnmtcr`c. Hm pcrf`öj kn hm lnlcr`m knh crknjmkcr knjtrc kn hm NF^ qun fmlo`m m lnk`km qun nh lctcr nstí dujf`cjmjkc y sn mhlmfnjm l`njtrms nh lctcr nstí
mpmbmkc. Tnr LC[C_ ^J@KMK KN FCJ[_CH (NF^) lís mknhmjtn nj nstn brupc pmrm cotnjnr lís kntmhhns.
VMN Vcf`nkmk kn @jbnj`nrcs Mutclctr`fns. [rmomamr fcj hm scf`nkmk pmrm prclcvnr hm snbur`kmk kn hcs vneìfuhcs y hm fcjsnrvmf`öj kn hcs rnfurscs kn lmjtnj`l`njtc y njnrbìm.
Vnjscr K`spcs`t`vc ut`h`zmkc pcr hm NF^ pmrm fcjtrchmr k`vnrscs pmrílntrcs knh lctcr.
Fcjt`jñm nj hm s`bu`njtn píb`jm _B, _B6;2=9,=>?5 -=0-=2CF[9?-= / ?
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=;9-? ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < =95

VYJ Vcspnfemr Jñlnrc kn pmrílntrc. Hm pr`lnrm l`tmk kn uj fök`bc kn kcs pmrtns qun `knjt`d`fm nh fcjtrch kn hcs fök`bcs kn nrrcr knh s`stnlm kn mfunrkc fcj hm
jcrlm VMN A=060. Nh VYJ `knjt`d`fm nh s`stnlm c fclpcjnjtn qun t`njn nh drmfmsc. Hm snbujkm l`tmk knh fök`bc ns nh drmfmsc Lckc @knjt`d`fmkcr (DL@).
TOM[ vchtman kn hm omtnrìm c nh vchtman jc fcjlutmkc.
TVR tnjs`öj fcjlutmkm
96
=;9 6
_B, _B6;2=9,=>?5 -=0-=2CF[9?-? / ?
Nh lckc kn mrrmjqun knh lctcr nh rndr`bnrmjtn knh lctcr [nlpnrmturm ([NF) knh snjscr. Nj nstn pujtc, nh
lctcr mrrmjfm y hm NF^ njtrmrí nj nh lckc kn nanfuf`öj.
Fumjkc sn b`rm hm hhmvn m hm pcs`f`öj ‘CJ“, uj vchtman fcjlutmkc kn
pctnjf`m sn njvìm m hm uj`kmk kn fcjtrch nhnftröj`fc (NF^). Nstc njnrb`zm
hm NF^ y pnrl`tn qun sn ‘mrrmjqun“ y h`stc nj sì pmrm nh mrrmjqun knh Lctcr lckc kn nanfuf`öj
lctcr.
Nj nh lckc kn dujf`cjml`njtc, tmjtc hm oclom y hcs snjscrns kn pcs`f`öj knh
JC[M1 V` uj prcohnlm kn fmohnmkc `lp`kn hm tnfhm CJ snýmh f`bønýmh pnrl`tnj hm NF^ pmrm kntnrl`jmr fcj prnf`s`öj hm pcs`f`öj knh p`stöj nj
hhnbun m hm NF^, nh lctcr jc mrrmjfm. rnhmf`öj fcj hm pmrtn supnr`cr knh pujtc lunrtc kn lmjnrm qun hm NF^ punkn
`jdcrlmr m hm uj`kmk kn fcjtrch kn hm oclom (YVB) kn hms fcjk`f`cjns kn
dujf`cjml`njtc knh lctcr. Kmkm hm `jdcrlmf`öj kn hm NF^ y hcs snjscrns `jtnrjcs m hm
[mj prcjtc fclc hm NF^ rnfòn ujm njtrmkm knskn nh snjscr kn pcs`f`öj knh oclom, hm njtrnbm fcjtrchns YVB fcloustòhn njnrb`zmjkc y knsnjnrb`zmjkc hm
f`bønýmh qun nh lctcr nstí b`rmjkc, sn kntnrl`jmrí ut`h`zmjkc hm njtrmkm kn snjscr víhvuhm kn schnjc`kn kn mhtm prns`öj. Fumjkc nh YVB njnrb`zm hm víhvuhm kn
kn pcs`f`öj kn hm oclom fumjkc nh f`h`jkrc jñlnrc = sn mfnrfm m pujtc lunrtc schnjc`kn kn mhtm prns`öj, sn f`nrrm hm mbuam kn hm víhvuhm y fcl`njzm hm `jynff`öj.
supnr`cr ([KF) nj nh nxtrnlc kn hm fmrrnrm kn fclprns`öj . M fcjt`jumf`ö
fcjt`jumf`öj,
j, `j`f`mr Fumjkc sn em `jynftmkc hm fmjt`kmk fcrrnftm kn fcloustòhn, nh YVB knsnjnrb`zm hm
hm `jynff`öj kn fcloustòhn fumjkc nh s`bu`njtn f`h`jkrc nj nh crknj kn njfnjk`kc víhvuhm kn schnjc`kn kn mhtm prns`öj, emf`njkc qun hm mbuam kn hm víhvuhm m mo`nrtm, y
(jñlnrc kn f`h`jkrc >) nstí nj hm pcs`f`öj fcrrnftm mjtns kn [KF mh d`jmh kn su hm `jynff`öj kn fcloustòhn m hm pmrmkm.
fmrrnrm kn fclprns`öj. Ymrm prcpcrf`cjmr njr`qunf`l`njtc tnlpnrmturm drìm, hm
fmjt`kmk kn fcloustòhn `jynftmkc sn omsm nj hm tnlpnrmturm lnk`km pcr
_B, _B6;2=9,=>69 -=0-=2CF[9?-= / =
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=;9-6 ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < =90

Lcj`tcrnc kn hcs pmrílntrcs knh lctcr
Ymrm qun nh s`stnlm kn fcjtrch nhnftröj`fc pmrm njtrnbmr fcloustòhn kn mfunrkc fcj
uj fcjaujtc kmkc kn fcjk`f`cjns kn dujf`cjml`njtc, hcs s`bu`njtns pmrílntrcs scj
supnrv`smkcs pcr nh NF^1
• [nlpnrmturm knh rndr`bnrmjtn knh lctcr (NF[)

• [nl
[nlpnrpnrmtu
mturm
rm fc
fchnf
hnftcr
tcr kn
kn m`rn
m`rn (LM[)
(LM[)
• Yrns`cj kn fcloustòhn
• Yrns`öj knh mfn`tn
96 • Hm pcs`f`öj knh mfnhnrmkcr
=;9 • Vnjscr kn pcs`f`öj knh f`bønýmh
;
• Vnjscr kn pcs`f`öj kn hm oclom
• Oclom kn trmjsdnrnjf`m
• ^j`kmk kn Fcjtrch kn Oclom
_B, _B6;2=9,=>6= -=0-90LMP9=-= / =
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=;9-; ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < ==9

V`stnlm kn fcjtrch nhnftröj`fc bnjnrmh - J`vnh =
96
=;9 >
9
9
P
M
L
4
?
-
J
^
-
>
4
2
9
=
B
_
Vnjscr M-[NF (Ymrtn pcstnr`cr knh Vnjscr kn prns`öj F-Dunh N-Oclom knh snjscr kn pcs`f`öj E-NF[ Vnjscr (knh tnrlcstmtc
Fmonzm kn f`h`jkrc) Oclom kn trmjsdnrnjf`m K-nhnftröj`fm D-f`bønýmh snjscr kn pcs`f`öj Mhcaml`njtc)
Yrns`öj kn mfn`tn O-Vnjscr fcjnftcr B-YVB Fcjnftcr @-LM[ Vnjscr
JC[M1 Ymrm cotnjnr `jdcrlmf`öj scorn nh J`vnh = J`vnh ? vs. Ymrm hcbrmr nstc, nh s`stnlm kn fcjtrch knh lctcr momrfm hms s`bu`njtns
mph`fmf`cjns, vnr hm tmohm kn mph`fmf`cjns LC[C_ nj nh Brupc dujf`cjns kn rnjk`l`njtc1
99= mjtnr`crlnjtn nj nstn lmjumh.
• T`b`hm fcjstmjtnlnjtn hms fcjk`f`cjns kn dujf`cjml`njtc knh lctcr

JC[M1 Mhbujcs kn hcs fclpcjnjtns qun sn lunstrmj scj cpf`cjmhns • Yrnf`smlnjtn kntnrl`jm hm pcs`f`öj knh p`stöj
y jc sn ut`h`zm nj tckms hms mph`fmf`cjns. • @jdcrlm mh YVB kn hm fmjt`kmk kn fcloustòhn knsnmkm
• Yrcpcrf`cjm lñht`phns lckcs kn fcjtrch
Nh s`stnlm kn fcjtrch nhnftröj`fc njvìm nh YVB (oclom kn hm uj`kmk kn fcjtrch) kn sul`j`strc • _nmh`z
_nmh`zm
m nh mutck
mutck`mb
`mbjös
jöst`f
t`fc
c
kn fcloustòhn kn `jdcrlmf`öj scorn fmjt`kmk. Nj crknj
_B;=??=,9999===
_B;=??=,9999=== -=0-=2CF[9?-= / =
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=;9-> ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < ===

V`stnlm kn fcjtrch nhnftröj`fc bnjnrmh - J`vnh ?
96
=;9
4
=
9
J
^
A
9
?
-
J
^
-
?
=
2
=
=
B
_
Vnjscr M-[NF (Ymrtn pcstnr`cr knh Vnjscr kn prns`öj F-Dunh N-Oclom knh snjscr kn pcs`f`öj E-NF[ Vnjscr (knh tnrlcstmtc
Fmonzm kn f`h`jkrc) Oclom kn trmjsdnrnjf`m K-nhnftröj`fm D-f`bønýmh snjscr kn pcs`f`öj Mhcaml`njtc)
Yrns`öj kn mfn`tn O-Vnjscr fcjnftcr B-YVB Fcjnftcr @-LM[ Vnjscr
JC[M1 Ymrm cotnjnr `jdcrlmf`öj scorn nh J`vnh = J`vnh ? vs. Ymrm hcbrmr nstc, nh s`stnlm kn fcjtrch knh lctcr momrfm hms s`bu`njtns
mph`fmf`cjns, vnr hm tmohm kn mph`fmf`cjns LC[C_ nj nh Brupc dujf`cjns kn rnjk`l`njtc1
99= mjtnr`crlnjtn nj nstn lmjumh.
• T`b`hm fcjstmjtnlnjtn hms fcjk`f`cjns kn dujf`cjml`njtc knh lctcr
JC[M1 Mhbujcs kn hcs fclpcjnjtns qun sn lunstrmj scj cpf`cjmhns • Yrnf`smlnjtn kntnrl`jm hm pcs`f`öj knh p`stöj
y jc sn ut`h`zm nj tckms hms mph`fmf`cjns. • @jdcrlm mh YVB kn hm fmjt`kmk kn fcloustòhn knsnmkm
• Yrcpcrf`cjm lñht`phns lckcs kn fcjtrch
Nh s`stnlm kn fcjtrch nhnftröj`fc njvìm nh YVB (oclom kn h m uj`kmk kn fcjtrch) kn sul`j`strc • _nm
_nmh`z
h`zm
m nh mutc
mutck`m
k`mbj
bjöst
öst`fc
`fc
kn fcloustòhn kn `jdcrlmf`öj scorn fmjt`kmk. Nj crknj
_B;=??=,9999==?
_B;=??=,9999==? -=0-=2CF[9?-= / =

9>=;96
YJ < ==?

Hm lnk`f`öj kn hm tnlpnrmturm
Hm tnlpnrmturm knh rndr`bnrmjtn knh lctcr (NF[) snjscr y hm tnlpnrmturm kn

fchnftcr kn m`rn (LM[) snjscr scj tnrl`stcrns (rns`stnjf`ms vmr`mohns snjsòhn m hm
tnlpnrmturm). hm rns`stnjf`m kn hcs snjscrns k`sl`juyn m lnk`km qun hm
tnlpnrmturm qun sn nxpcjn m suon (fcnd`f`njtn kn tnlpnrmturm jnbmt`vc). Hms
tnlpnrmturms lís mhtms rnsuhtmj nj tnjs`cjns lís omams y tnlpnrmturms lís omams
kmj hubmr m vchtmans lís mhtcs. Hm uj`kmk kn fcjtrch knh lctcr (NF^) njvìm >
=
9
vcht`cs mh snjscr, supnrv`sm hm fmìkm kn tnjs`öj nj nh snjscr, y fclpmrm hm fmìkm kn B
^
M
2
tnjs`öj m vmhcrns prnprcbrmlmkcs nj hm lnlcr`m kn hm NF^ fcj nh d`j kn =
-
J
^
-
kntnrl`jmr hm tnlpnrmturm. Mknlís kn snjscrns kn tnlpnrmturm, mhbujms 0

=
5
=
96
=
mph`fmf`cjns ut`h`zmj `jtnrruptcrns kn tnlpnrmturm. Hm pàrk`km kn tnrlcfcjtmftc kn B
_
=;9 2
mbum ns uj nanlphc. [nlpnrmturm `jtnrruptcrns kn fnrfm fumjkc sn mhfmjzm ujm Vnjscr kn tnlpnrmturm knh Nsqunlm
tnlpnrmturm nspnfìd`fm.
Fcjt`jñm nj hm s`bu`njtn píb`jm _B;=??=,9999==6

_B;=??=,9999==6 -=0-=2CF[9?-= / 6

9>=;96
YJ < ==6

[nlpnrmturm knh rndr`bnrmjtn knh lctcr (NF[) Vnjscr
Hm tnlpnrmturm knh rndr`bnrmjtn knh lctcr (NF[) snjscr nstí s`tumkc nj hm pmrtn
trmsnrm kn hm fmonzm knh f`h`jkrc (M) c nj hm fmam knh tnrlcstmtc (E) nj dujf`öj kn
hm mph`fmf`öj usmjkc nstn lctcr.
JC[M1 Nj hms mph`fmf`cjns kn CNL, hm NF^ ut`h`zm nh [NF

9
9
snjscr nj hm fmam knh tnrlcst mtc. Ctrms mph`fmf`cjns punknj ut`h`zmr P
M
L
4
?
nh snjscr s`tumkc nj hm pmrtn trmsnrm kn hm fmonzm. -
J
^
-
4
96 4
2
9
=
=;9 B
_
5 Knh snjscr kn NF[ (mtrís nj hm fuhmtm)

Hm tnlpnrmturm knh rndr`bnrmjtn knh NF^ lcj`tcrns pmrm1
• d`jns kn prctnff`öj knh lctcr. Ymrm cotnjnr lís `jdcrlmf`öj scorn hm prctnff`öj knh
lctcr y prcbrmlms kn rnkuff`öj kn pctnjf`m vnr, nh lctcr kn prctnff`öj c rnkuff`öj
kn prcbrmlms lís mknhmjtn nj nstn brupc.
• M pmrt`r kn hm kntnrl`jmf`öj kn hm fmjt`kmk kn fcloustòhn - Hm NF^ maustmr hm

fmjt`kmk kn fcloustòhn sul`j`strmkc kurmjtn nh mrrmjqun omsmkc nj hnfturms
`j`f`mhns NF[.
• kntnrl`jmf`öj kn hm vnhcf`kmk kn rmhnjtì - Fcj nh d`j kn lctcr kn vnhcf`kmk kn fmhnjtml`njtc, hm 6
9
J
M
A
>
NF^ mulnjtmrí mh rmhnjtì knspuàs kn hm punstm nj lmrfem s` sn l`kn ujm tnlpnrmturm omam knh =
-
J
rndr`bnrmjtn. ^
-
4
0
9
=
=
B
_
M-NF[ Vnjscr (trmsnrm kn hm fuhmtm) E-NF[ Vnjscr (fmam Vnjscr kn NF[ (fmam tnrlcstmtc)
tnrlcstmtc)
Fcjt`jñm nj hm s`bu`njtn píb`jm _B;=??=,9999==6

_B;=??=,9999==6 -=0-=2CF[9?-? / 6

9>=;96
YJ < ==;

Fchnftcr kn m`rn kn tnlpnrmturm (LM[) Vnjscr
Nh (LM[) snjscr fchnftcr kn m`rn kn tnlpnrmturm nstí s`tumkc nj nh fchnftcr kn mkl`s`öj

(@) c nj nh tuoc scorn fruz (@). Hm tnlpnrmturm knh m`rn kn mkl`s`öj Vnjscr LM[ lnk`kms
pmrm myukmr m fmhfuhmr hm NF^ nh s`stnlm kn mh`lnjtmf`öj fcrrnftm. Hm NF^ tmlo`àj
fcjtrchm hm tnlpnrmturm knh m`rn knh fchnftcr pmrm d`jns kn prctnff`öj knh lctcr. Ymrm
cotnjnr lís `jdcrlmf`öj scorn hm prctnff`öj knh lctcr y prcbrmlms kn rnkuff`öj kn
pctnjf`m vnr, nh lctcr kn prctnff`öj c rnkuff`öj kn prcbrmlms lís mknhmjtn nj nstn
6
9
brupc. Nstn snjscr ns cpf`cjmh y jc nstí `jfhu`kc nj tckms hms mph`fmf`cjns. J
M
A
>
=
-
J
^
-
0
4
2
96
9
=
B
_
=;9 0
Vnjscr LM[ - J`vnh =

Hm `jbnstm kn snjscr @-LM[ fchnftcr @-LM[
snjscr Frcsscvnr [uoc
6
9
J
M
A
>
=
-
J
^
-
M
5
6
2
=
=
B
_
Vnjscr LM[ - J`vnh ?

_B;=??=,9999==6
_B;=??=,9999==6 -=0-=2CF[9?-6 / 6

9>=;96
YJ < ==>

lnk`r hm tnjs`öj
snjscrns kn prns`öj knh s`stnlm scj 6 rns`stnjf`ms vmr`mohns kn mhmlorn. Fclc hcs
fmlo`cs kn prns`öj, hm rns`stnjf`m knh snjscr fmlo`m. Hm NF^ njvìm ujm tnjs`öj kn
rndnrnjf`m kn > vcht`cs mh snjscr, supnrv`sm hm tnjs`öj kn rntcrjc nj nh fmohn kn snýmh
knh snjscr, y fclpmrm hm fmìkm kn tnjs`öj m vmhcrns prnprcbrmlmkcs nj hm lnlcr`m
kn hm NF^ pmrm kntnrl`jmr hm prns`öj. Mknlís kn hcs snjscrns kn prns`öj, mhbujms
mph`fmf`cjns ut`h`zmj fcjlutmkcrns kn prns`öj. @jtnrruptcrns kn prns`öj fnrfm fumjkc
6
sn mhfmjzm ujm prns`öj nspnfìd`fm. 9
J
M
A
9
6
-
J
^
-
2
96 ?
5
?
=
=;9 B
_
=9 Vnjscr kn prns`öj nsqunlít`fm
_B, _B6;2=9,=>66 -=0-=2CF[9?-= / 6
Vnjscr kn prns`öj kn fcloustòhn
Nh snjscr kn prns`öj kn fcloustòhn (F) ns uj snjscr cpf`cjmh s`tumkc nj hm fmrfmsm knh d`htrc
kn fcloustòhn d`jmh. Nstn snjscr l`kn hm prns`öj knh fcloustòhn nj nh hmkc h`lp`c knh d`htrc.
Hm NF^ ut`h`zm hm njtrmkm knskn nh snjscr pmrm nh fcjtrch kn hm oclom kn trmjsdnrnjf`m
nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn y pmrm prcpcrf`cjmr prctnff`öj knh lctcr. Ymrm cotnjnr lís
`jdcrlmf`öj scorn hm prctnff`öj knh lctcr y prcbrmlms kn rnkuff`öj kn pctnjf`m vnr, nh lctcr
kn prctnff`öj c rnkuff`öj kn prcbrmlms lís mknhmjtn nj nstn brupc.
6
9
J
M
A
>
=
-
J
^
-
5
4
2
9
=
B
_
Vnjscr kn prns`öj kn fcloustòhn
Fcjt`jñm nj hm s`bu`njtn píb`jm _B, _B6;2=9,=>66 -=0-=2CF[9?-? / 6
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=;9-=9 ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < ==4

Vnjscr kn prns`öj kn mfn`tn
Nh snjscr kn prns`öj kn mfn`tn ns uj snjscr cpf`cjmh s`tumkc nj hm fcf`jm lctcr

pr`jf`pmh (O). Hm prns`öj kn mfn`tn lcj`tcrns NF^ fcj d`jns kn prctnff`öj knh lctcr.
Ymrm cotnjnr lís `jdcrlmf`öj scorn hm prctnff`öj knh lctcr y prcbrmlms kn
rnkuff`öj kn pctnjf`m vnr, nh lctcr kn prctnff`öj c rnkuff`öj kn prcbrmlms lís
mknhmjtn nj nstn brupc.
6
9
J
M
A
>
=
-
J
^
-
2
4
2
96
9
=
B
_
=;9
==
Vnjscr kn prns`öj kn mfn`tn
_B, _B6;2=9,=>66 -=0-=2CF[9?-6 / 6
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=;9-== ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < ==2

Hm lnk`f`öj kn pcs`f`öj knh mfnhnrmkcr
Hcs lctcrns ;.>H y 4.5H t`njnj hm cpf`öj kn cpnrmr fcj uj mjfec kn puhsc hm mfnhnrmf`öj c uj mfnhnrmkcr kn hm FMJ. Nj mhbujms mph`fmf`cjns, sn ut`h`zmj vmr`ms
lckuhmkc (YRL) knh mfnhnrmkcr kn hm snýmh, uj mjíhcbc knh mfnhnrmkcr snýmh kn víhvuhms rnbuhmkcrms.
smh`km knh snjscr kn pcs`f`öj, luht`-nstmkc
96
=;9
=? _B;=??=,99999?0
_B;=??=,99999?0 -=0-?6MY_96-= / 0
mjmhöb`fc knh mfnhnrmkcr
^j mfnhnrmkcr mjmhöb`fc ut`h`zm uj snjscr kn rns`stnjf`m vmr`mohn (pctnjf`ölntrc) pmrm

lnk`r hm pcs`f`öj kn hm lmr`pcsm kn bmsns. Hm NF^ njvìm ujm tnjs`öj kn rndnrnjf`m kn >
vcht`cs mh snjscr, supnrv`sm hm fmìkm kn tnjs`öj m trmvàs knh rns`stcr, y fclpmrm hm fmìkm
kn tnjs`öj m vmhcrns prnprcbrmlmkcs nj hm lnlcr`m kn hm NF^. Hm tnjs`öj kn njtrmkm
knh mfnhnrmkcr mjmhöb`fc vmrìm jcrlmhlnjtn njtrn =,9 vcht`cs y ;,9 knpnjk`njkc kn hm
pcs`f`öj knh mfnhnrmkcr. tnjs`öj kn mfnhnrmkcr mjmhöb`fc m rmhnjtì omac ns kn
6
9
mprcx`lmkmlnjtn =,9 vcht`cs y ;,9 vcht`cs nj rmhnjtì mhtc. Hm NF^ t`njn hm fmpmf`kmk kn J
M
A
>
mprnjknr k`dnrnjtns vchtmans pmrm omam y mhtm nj vmfìc, pcr hc qun hms tnjs`cjns =
-
J
^
-
9
supnr`crns punknj fmlo`mr knpnjk`njkc kn hm mph`fmf`öj. ?
5
=
=
B
_
Vnjscr kn pcs`f`öj
_B;=??=,99999?0
_B;=??=,99999?0 -=0-?6MY_96-? / 0
FMJ mfnhnrmkcr
FMJ [erctthn ns `jdcrlmf`öj njv`mkm m hm NF^ pcr ctrc fcjtrchmkcr m trmvàs

knh ous FMJ kn hm pcs`f`öj kn mfnhnrmf`öj knsnmkm.
?
9
P
M
L
4
9
-
0
=
-
0
;
6
?
=
B
_
FMJ mfnhnrmkcr Nsqunlm
Fcjt`jñm nj hm s`bu`njtn píb`jm _B;=??=,99999?0

_B;=??=,99999?0 -=0-?6MY_96-6 / 0
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=;9-=? ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < ==5

Kumh Nstmkc knh mfnhnrmkcr
Nh mfnhnrmkcr nstmkc kumh sn ut`h`zm nj mph`fmf`cjns qun ut`h`zmj uj pmr kn vnhcf`kmkns

knh lctcr dàms. Emy kcs pcs`f`cjns k`spcjòhns, kn rmhnjtì omac y mhtm nj vmfìc. Nh
fcjlutmkcr ut`h`zm kcs rns`stnjf`ms k`dnrnjtns pmrm fmlo`mr nh vchtman kn rnbrnsmr m hm
NF^. Hm NF^ ut`h`zm ujm tmohm kn fcjvnrs`öj `jtnrjm pmrm fcjvnrt`r nh vchtman m ujm
vnhcf`kmk nspnfìd`fm knh lctcr. Fumjkc nh `jtnrruptcr nstí nj hm pcs`f`öj kn rmhnjtì
omac, hm fcrr`njtn sn k`r`bn m trmvàs kn ujm rns`stnjf`m kn 609 cel`cs. pcs`f`öj kn
?
rmhnjtì mhtm ut`h`zm ujm rns`stnjf`m kn =699 cel`cs. Nstms vnhcf`kmkns sn punknj 9
_
Y
M
4
maustmr y bumrkmr nj dujf`öj kn hms jnfns`kmkns kn hm mph`fmf`öj. ?
-
0
=
-
;
5
?
96
?
=
B
_
=;9
Kumh Nstmkc knh mfnhnrmkcr

=6
_B;=??=,99999?0
_B;=??=,99999?0 -=0-?6MY_96-; / 0
nxfmvmkcrm mfnhnrmkcr
Hm nxfmvmkcrm ut`h`zm uj mfnhnrmkcr mjmhöb`fc pmrm lnk`r hm pcs`f`öj knh mfnhnrmkcr.

Nstn mfnhnrmkcr nstí fcjnftmkc mh fcjtrchmkcr kn oclom y víhvuhm, qun njvìm hm
`jdcrlmf`öj kn njtrmkm knh mfnhnrmkcr m hm NF^ m trmvàs kn uj fmohn knk`fmkc. Yunstc
qun hcs uscs NF^ y hm oclom y hm víhvuhm kn fcjtrchmkcr jc fclpmrtnj ujm t`nrrm
fclñj, uj fmohn kn rndnrnjf`m kn hm tnjs`öj knh mfnhnrmkcr y uj fmohn kn t`nrrm knh
mfnhnrmkcr mfclpmýmj nh fmohn kn njtrmkm knh mfnhnrmkcr. Nh NF^ fmhfuhm hms
?
k`dnrnjf`ms nj lct`vcs kn fcjtrchmkcr fcj nh d`j kn kntnrl`jmr hm pnt`f`öj knh mfnhnrmkcr 9
_
Y
M
4
pcr nh fcjtrchmkcr kn oclom y víhvuhm. ?
-
0
=
-
2
5
?
?
=
B
_
nxfmvmkcrm mfnhnrmkcr

_B;=??=,99999?0 -=0-?6MY_96-> / 0

9>=;96
YJ < ==0

Tmr`cs nstmkcs knh mfnhnrmkcr
Nh mfnhnrmkcr kn vmr`cs nstmkcs sn ut`h`zm fumjkc sn knsnmj ujcs rnbìlnjns knh lctcr dàc.
Emy trns t`pcs kn víhvuhms rnbuhmkcrms kn vmr`cs nstmkcs7 Kumh-nstmkc, kn trns nstmkcs, y hm
rmlpm. [ckms nstms víhvuhms rnbuhmkcrms nstíj fmohnmkcs nxmftmlnjtn hc l`slc. Hm ñj`fm
k`dnrnjf`m ns nh fmlo`c rnmh qun sn ut`h`zm pmrm fcjtrchmr hm vnhcf`kmk knh lctcr. Ymrm cotnjnr
`jdcrlmf`öj scorn fmkm ujc kn nstcs mfnhnrmkcrns, vnr nstmkc kumh knh mfnhnrmkcr, tr`phn
nstmkc knh mfnhnrmkcr, c _MLYM KNH MFNHN_MKC_ mknhmjtn nj nstm snff`öj kn lnk`f`öj
?
kn pcs`f`öj knh mfnhnrmkcr. 9
P
M
L
4
9
-
0
=
-
5
96 ;
6
?
=
=;9 B
_
=; Tmr`cs nstmkcs knh mfnhnrmkcr Nsqunlm
_B;=??=,99999?0
_B;=??=,99999?0 -=0-?6MY_96-4 / 0
Nj mjfec kn puhsc lckuhmkc (YRL) knh mfnhnrmkcr
Nh YRL mfnhnrmkcr snýmh sn njvìm m hm NF^ pcr ctrc fcjtrchmkcr. Hm snýmh YRL
ns ujm snýmh kn cjkm fumkrmkm fcj ujm drnfunjf`m fcjstmjtn. Nh mjfec kn puhsc
kn hm snýmh vmrìm pmrm `jk`fmr hm mpnrturm kn hm lmr`pcsm knsnmkc.
?
9
P
M
L
4
9
-
0
=
-
2
;
6
?
=
B
_
Nsqunlm knh mfnhnrmkcr kn YRL

_B;=??=,99999?0 -=0-?6MY_96-2 / 0
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=;9-=; ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < =?9

rmlpm knh mfnhnrmkcr
Hm rmlpm kn mfnhnrmf`öj pnrl`tn qun nh cpnrmkcr hnjtmlnjtn mulnjtmr c k`sl`ju`r hm

vnhcf`kmk knh lctcr m trmvàs kn ujm kn trns pcs`f`cjns lclnjtíjnc (vchvnr rnscr tn m
fnjtrc kn pcs`f`öj) knh `jtnrruptcr. V` nh `jtnrruptcr sn lmjt`njn nj hm pcs`f`öj emf`m
mrròm, hm vnhcf`kmk knh lctcr mulnjtmrí nj pnqunýcs `jfrnlnjtcs. V` nh `jtnrruptcr sn
lmjt`njn nj hm pcs`f`öj emf`m momac, hm v nhcf`kmk knh lctcr k`sl`ju`rí. ^jm vnz sn
snhnff`cjm hm vnhcf`kmk knsnmkm, sunhtn nh `jtnrruptcr nj hm pcs`f`öj fnjtrmh. Nh
?
fcjlutmkcr ut`h`zm trns k`dnrnjtns rns`stnjf`ms pmrm fmlo`mr nh vchtman kn rnbrnsmr m hm 9
_
Y
M
4
NF^. Fumjkc nh `jtnrruptcr nstí nj hm pcs`f`öj knsnmkm (nj nh fnjtrc), hm fcrr`njtn sn ?
-
0
=
-
4
njrutm m trmvàs kn uj cel rns`stcr =699. Fumjkc sn fmlo`m hm vnhcf`kmk knh lctcr, uj 5
?
96
?
=
cel rns`stcr 609 pmrm rnkuf`r hm vnhcf`kmk knh lctcr y ujm rns`stnjf`m kn 6999 cel m hm B
_
=;9
=>
rmlpm emstm hm vnhcf`kmk knh lctcr. Tnhcf`kmk snbu`rí s`njkc hm l`slm emstm nh f`fhc rmlpm knh mfnhnrmkcr
tnfhm c fmlo`c kn cpnrmkcr.
_B;=??=,99999?0
_B;=??=,99999?0 -=0-?6MY_96-5 / 0
[r`-Vtmtn knh mfnhnrmkcr
Nh mfnhnrmkcr kn tr`phn nstmkc dujf`cjm luy s`l`hmr m hm knh mfnhnrmkcr knh nstmkc
kumh. Nstn mfnhnrmkcr ut`h`zm uj `jtnrruptcr kn trns pcs`f`cjns, kn rmhnjtì omac,
maustmohn mhtm nj vmfìc, y mhtm nj vmfìc pmrm jc maustmohn. Nh fcjlutmkcr ut`h`zm
trns k`dnrnjtns rns`stnjf`ms
rns`stnjf`ms pmrm fmlo`mr nh vchtman kn rnbrnsmr m hm NF^. Hm NF^
ut`h`zm ujm tmohm kn fcjvnrs`öj `jtnrjm pmrm fcjvnrt`r nh vchtman m ujm vnhcf`kmk
nspnfìd`fm knh lctcr. Fumjkc nh `jtnrruptcr nstí nj hm pcs`f`öj kn rmhnjtì omac, hm
?
9
_
fcrr`njtn sn k`r`bn m trmvàs kn ujm rns`stnjf`m kn 609 cel`cs, hm pcs`f`öj kn Y
M
4
rmhnjtì mhtm maustmohn ut`h`zm uj cel`cs =699, y jc maustmohn pcs`f`öj kn rmhnjtì mhtm ?
-
0
=
-
ut`h`zm ujm rns`stnjf`m kn 6999 cel`cs. Nstms vnhcf`kmkns maustmohns sn punknj >
5
?
?
=
bumrkmr nj dujf`öj kn hms jnfns`kmkns kn hms mph`fmf`cjns. Nh rmhnjtì mhtc jc B
_
maustmohn sn maustm nj díor`fm m mhtm vnhcf`kmk kn rmhnjtì knh lctcr y jc sn punkn [r`-Vtmtn knh mfnhnrmkcr
fmlo`mr. Nstm pcs`f`öj snrí s`nlprn maustmr hm vnhcf`kmk knh lctcr mh rmhnjtì mhtc
vmhcr kn díor`fm.
_B;=??=,99999?0
_B;=??=,99999?0 -=0-?6MY_96-0 / 0
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=;9-=> ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < =?=

Hm lnk`f`öj kn hm vnhcf`kmk knh lctcr
[mjtc nh snjscr kn pcs`f`öj knh f`bønýmh y nh snjscr kn pcs`f`öj kn hm oclom

cpnrmj lnk`mjtn hm kntnff`öj kn lunsfms nj su fcrrnspcjk`n
fcrrnspcjk`njtn
jtn runkm kn
njbrmjman / tnlpcr`zmf`öj. Fumjkc ujm lunsfm kn hm runkm kn njbrmjman /
t`nlpc ns k`rnftmlnjtn knomac knh snjscr, sn `jkufn ujm tnjs`öj. Hcs snjscrns
ut`h`zmj uj `líj `jtnrjc pmrm frnmr nstm snýmh kn tnjs`öj kn hcs k`njtns nj su
rnspnft`vm runkm kn njbrmjman / tnlpcr`zmf`öj. Nh `líj sn t`rm emf`m hm runkm kn
6
njbrmjman / t`nlpc fclc hcs k`njtns pmsmj k`rnftmlnjtn knomac knh snjscr. M 9
J
M
A
>
lnk`km qun nh k`ílntrc kn hm rmìz (írnm njtrn hcs k`njtns) pmsmr nh snjscr, nh `líj =
-
J
^
-
96 vunhvn knjtrc knh snjscr. Nstc frnm hm snýmh kn tnjs`öj qun hcs lcj`tcrns kn NF^ 9
2
2
9
=
=;9 pmrm hm s`jfrcj`zmf`öj y vnhcf`kmk. Fumjkc ujm lunsfm (ujc c lís k`njtns qun B
_
=4
dmhtmj) pmsm pcr knomac knh snjscr, nh pmtröj kn hcs fmlo`cs kn hm snýmh. Lnk`mjtn Vnjscrns kn vnhcf`kmk
nh fcjtrch kn nstcs fmlo`cs nj hm snýmh, hm NF^ fmhfuhm hm vnhcf`kmk y nh jñlnrc

D-f`bønýmh snjscr kn pcs`f`öj N-Oclom knh
kn f`h`jkrc qun nstí h`stm pmrm hm `jynff`öj. snjscr kn pcs`f`öj
Vnjscr kn pcs`f`öj knh f`bønýmh
Nh snjscr kn pcs`f`öj knh f`bønýmh (D) sn njfunjtrm nj hm pmrtn drcjtmh kn hm lmj`vnhm, kntrís
kn hm prns`cjmkc-nj lnfmj`slc kn lmj`vnhm. Vn trmtm kn uj snjscr kn fmptmf`öj kn t`pc
`jkuft`vc qun kntnftm k`njtns kn hm runkm kn t`nlpc kn lmj`vnhm. Hm NF^ ut`h`zm h m njtrmkm kn
pcs`f`öj knh f`bønýmh pmrm kntnrl`jmr hm vnhcf`kmk knh lctcr y hm pcs`f`öj knh p`stöj prnf`sm
nj rnhmf`öj fcj nh crknj kn njfnjk`kc. Hm runkm kn t`nlpc kn lmj`vnhm sn fclpcjn kn ;5
k`njtns nspmf`mkcs uj`dcrlnlnjtn y ? eunfcs njtrn hcs k`njtns pnrk`kcs. Hcs eunfcs qun
dmhtmj myukmj m hm NF^ pmrm kntnrl`jmr nh pujtc lunrtc supnr`cr (YLV).
Fcjt`jñm nj hm s`bu`njtn píb`jm _B, _B6;2=9,=>64 -=0-=2CF[9?-= / ?

9>=;96
YJ < =??
YJ =??
Vnjscr kn pcs`f`öj kn hm oclom
Nh snjscr kn pcs`f`öj kn hm oclom (N) sn njfunjtrm kntrís kn hm oclom kn `jynff`öj. Ns

uj snjscr kn fmptmf`öj kn t`pc `jkuft`vc qun kntnftm lunsfms nj nh njbrmjman kn hm
oclom kn `jynff`öj. Hm NF^ ut`h`zm hm njtrmkm kn pcs`f`öj kn hm oclom pmrm kntnrl`jmr kn
`knjt`d`fmf`öj knh f`h`jkrc. Hm NF^ ut`h`zm nstn snjscr pmrm kntnrl`jmr hm vnhcf`kmk knh
lctcr y pmrm kntnrl`jmr fumjkc fmkm f`h`jkrc nstí nj nh YLV mh d`jmh kn hm fmrrnrm kn
fclprns`öj. Hm NF^ jnfns`tm nstm `jdcrlmf`öj m d`j kn njtrnbmr hm fmjt`kmk fcrrnftm kn
fcloustòhn mh f`h`jkrc fcrrnftc, nj nh lclnjtc fcrrnftc. Hcs lcj`tcrns NF^ hm tnjs`öj
qun sn frnm pcr nh snjscr kn pcs`f`öj kn hm oclom fumjkc hms rmjurms knh njbrmjman kn hm
oclom kn `jynff`öj kn pmsns. Nh njbrmjman kn hm oclom kn `jynff`öj sn fclpcjn kn =? 96
rmjurms kn `bumh k`lnjs`öj fcj uj nsfmhöj mk`f`cjmh kn fclpnjsmf`öj pmrm fcjtmr hm NF^ =;9
=2
kn qun nh f`h`jkrc # = sn mfnrfm mh pujtc lunrtc supnr`cr Fnjtnr.
_B, _B6;2=9,=>64 -=0-=2CF[9?-? / ?

9>=;96
YJ =?6
Oclom kn trmjsdnrnjf`m nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

nj nstn lmjumh.
JC[M1 Nj hms mph`fmf`cjns kn j`vnh = kn hm oclom kn trmjsdnrnjf`m kn fcloustòhn ns
s`tumkc nj nh d`htrc kn fcloustòhn d`jmh. J`vnh ? mph`fmf`cjns t` njnj hm oclom kn

6
9
trmjsdnrnjf`m kn fcloustòhn nj nh d`htrc kn fcloustòhn pr`lmr`c c lcjtmkcs m J
M
A
>
=
-
k`stmjf`m nj nh `jtnr`cr knh fclpmrt`l`njtc knh lctcr. J
^
-
=
96 2
2
9
=
=;9 B
_
=5
Oclom kn trmjsdnrnjf`m nhnftröj`fm - hmzc fnrrmkc Oclom kn trmjsdnrnjf`m nhnftröj`fm - J`vnh =
• ocloms kn oufhn fnrrmkc sn punknj lcjtmr ym snm nj nh d`htrc kn fcloustòhn pr`lmr`c

([`nr ?), nj nh d`htrc kn fcloustòhn d`jmh (J`vnh =), c rnlctc lcjtmkcs (J`vnh ?). [ckms
hms ocloms kn oufhn fnrrmkc ut`h`zmj uj snjscr kn prns`öj kn fcloustòhn nj hm smh`km
knh d`htrc kn fcloustòhn d`jmh pmrm fcluj`fmr hm prns`öj m hm NF^.
• Hm NF^ lmjt`njn ujm prns`öj fcjstmjtn kn fcloustòhn pmrm ujm vnhcf`kmk kmkm lnk`mjtn
nh fcjtrch knh f`fhc kn trmomac kn hm snýmh kn mjfec kn puhsc lckuhmkc (YRL) njtrn hm NF^
y hm oclom kn trmjsdnrnjf`m. Fumjkc hm prns`öj kn fcloustòhn mulnjtm,
mulnjtm, hm NF^ k`sl`juyn
6
9
J
nh f`fhc kn trmomac. Fumjkc hm prns`öj kn fcloustòhn k`sl`juyn, hm NF^ mulnjtm nh f`fhc M
A
>
=
-
kn trmomac. f`fhc kn trmomac kn hm oclom kn trmjsdnrnjf`m y hm prns`öj kn fcloustòhn J
^
-
6
=
punknj snr lcj`tcr`zmkcs nj hm enrrml`njtm kn k`mbjöst`fc kn nsfmjnc (KV[) c nh 2
=
=
B
_
fcjsuhtcr kn snrv`f`cs •.
Oclom kn trmjsdnrnjf`m nhnftröj`fm - J`vnh ?
Fcjnftcr kn hm oclom kn trmjsdnrnjf`m K-nhnftröj`fm

• Mknlís kn myukmr m lmjtnjnr ujm prns`öj fcjstmjtn kn fcloustòhn, hm oclom kn
trmjsdnrnjf`m tmlo`àj sn usm pmrm myukmr nj nh smjbrmkc kn m`rn dunrm knh s`stnlm kn
fcloustòhn m trmvàs knh m`rn kn purbm kn hm víhvuhm nj hm fmrfmsm kn d`htrc kn fcloustòhn
d`jmh. Fumjkc hm hhmvn nstí nj CJ, hm oclom kn trmjsdnrnjf`m dujf`cjm m m`rn kn purbm y hm
NF^ knan dujf`cjmr hm oclom kurmjtn uj líx`lc kn ;9 snbujkcs.
Oclom kn trmjsdnrnjf`m nhnftröj`fm - hmzc mo`nrtc
• [ckms hms ocloms kn oufhn mo`nrtc sn lcjtmj m k`stmjf`m nj hcs lctcrns [`nr ? schmlnjtn.
• Hm NF^ ut`h`zm ujm snýmh kn mjfec kn puhsc lckuhmkc (YRL) kurmjtn nh

fnomkc y mrrmjqun. Fumjkc nh lctcr nstí nj lmrfem, hm NF^ njvìm ujm
tnjs`öj fcjstmjtn m hm oclom. Emy uj rnbuhmkcr lnfíj`fc nj nh fmonzmh knh
d`htrc pmrm rnbuhmr hm prns`öj knh fcloustòhn mjtns knh d`htrc kn fcloustòhn
d`jmh.
Nh fcjsuhtcr kn snrv`f`cs ns ujm lmrfm rnb`strmkm kn Knnrn & Fclpmjy Fcjt`jñm nj hm s`bu`njtn píb`jm _B;=??=,9999==>
_B;=??=,9999==> -=0-=2CF[9?-= / ?

9>=;96
YJ < =?;
• Hm oclom kn trmjsdnrnjf`m tmlo`àj sn usm pmrm myukmr nj nh smjbrmkc kn m`rn dunrm knh s`stnlm
kn fcloustòhn m trmvàs knh m`rn kn purbm kn hm víhvuhm nj hm fmrfmsm kn d`htrc kn fcloustòhn d`jmh.
Fumjkc hm hhmvn nstí nj CJ, hm oclom kn trmjsdnrnjf`m dujf`cjm m m`rn kn purbm y hm NF^ knan
dujf`cjmr hm oclom kurmjtn uj líx`lc kn ;9 snbujkcs.
96
=;9
_B;=??=,9999==>
_B;=??=,9999==> -=0-=2CF[9?-? / ?
=0
Mbum nj nh fcloustòhn (R@D) Vnjscr
Nh snjscr R@D (A) sn njfunjtrm knjtrc kn hm tmzm snpmrmr nh mbum knh d`htrc kn
fcloustòhn pr`lmr`c. Hm NF^ fclpmrm hm rns`stnjf`m kn hm scjkm kn snjscr m hm
fmrfmsm tmzöj snpmrmkcr kn mbum y hm rns`stnjf`m kn hm lmsm knh snjscr m hm
fmonfnrm kn d`htrc kn fcloustòhn. Fumjkc nh mbum nstí prnsnjtn, hm rns`stnjf`m njtrn
nh snjscr kn hm scjkm y nh funjfc mulnjtm snpmrmkcr
snpmrmkcr kn mbum. Nstc pcjn nj
fcrtcf`rfu`tc hm njtrmkm knh snjscr m t`nrrm `jdcrlmrhn m hm NF^ qun sn em kntnftmkc
mbum. Hm NF^ supnrv`sm nstc pmrm d`jns kn prctnff`öj knh lctcr. Ymrm cotnjnr lís 6
9
J
M
A
2
`jdcrlmf`öj scorn hm prctnff`öj knh lctcr y prcbrmlms kn rnkuff`öj kn pctnjf`m vnr, =
-
J
^
-
nh lctcr kn prctnff`öj c rnkuff`öj kn prcbrmlms lís mknhmjtn nj nstn brupc. ;
9
5
?
=
B
_
snjscr R@D
A-mbum nj Vnjscr kn fcloustòhn
_B;=??=,99999MF
_B;=??=,99999MF -=0-9?AMJ96-= / =

9>=;96
YJ < =?>
^j`kmk kn Fcjtrch kn Oclom
V`tumkc nj hm pmrtn supnr`cr kn hm oclom kn `jynff`öj, hm uj`kmk kn fcjtrch kn hm oclom

fcjtrchm ujcs snjscrns k`dnrnjtns knjtrc kn hm oclom kn `jynff`öj y mkqu`nrn `jdcrlmf`öj
kn hm NF^. Nstc myukm m hm uj`kmk kn fcjtrch kn hm oclom pmrm kntnrl`jmr fölc fcjtrchmr
hm víhvuhm kn schnjc`kn kn mhtm prns`öj y hm víhvuhm kn schnjc`kn kn tnlpcr`zmf`öj, hc qun
myukm m prcpcrf`cjmr pmrm hm fmjt`kmk nxmftm y nh lclnjtc kn sul`j`strc kn fcloustòhn mh
lctcr.
6
9
J
M
A
>
=
-
J
^
-
5
96 Hm uj`kmk kn fcjtrch kn hm oclom (YVB) nstí lcjtmkc nj hm pmrtn supnr`cr kn hm oclom kn 0
9
=
=
=;9 `jynff`öj kn fcloustòhn. Nh YVB ns njdr`mkc pcr nh fcloustòhn qun sn nxt`njkn m trmvàs kn uj B
_
?9
pmsman omac hm fmrfmsm YVB. ^j`kmk kn Fcjtrch kn Oclom
B-Oclom ^j`kmk kn Fcjtrch Fcjnftcr

Nh YVB fcjt`njn uj fcjnftcr kn junvn p`jns qun hms fmsms kn tckc nh fmohnmkc jnfnsmr`c
pmrm hm (uj`kmk kn fcjtrch knh lctcr) NF^ pmrm hm fcluj`fmf`öj fcj hm oclom. Nh YVB y hm
(uj`kmk kn fcjtrch knh lctcr) NF^ fcluj`fmj m trmvàs kn ujm rnk kn írnm fcjtrchmkm
(FMJ). Ymrm cotnjnr lís `jdcrlmf`öj mfnrfm kn hm FMJ, fcjsuhtn FCJ[_CHMKC Mrnm
Jntwcrg (FMJ) lís mknhmjtn nj nstn brupc. Hms njtrmkms pmrm sul`j`strcs NF^ fmjt`kmk
kn fcloustòhn knsnmkm pmrm hm `jynff`öj, nh `j`f`c kn hm `jynff`öj, y hcs lnjsmans kn
vnhcf`kmk knh lctcr m hm YVB. Nh YVB m fmlo`c njvìm hm NF^ hm kurmf`öj kn mft`vmf`öj kn
hm mhtm prns`öj kn hm víhvuhm kn schnjc`kn, hm vnhcf`kmk kn hm oclom kn `jynff`öj,
tnlpnrmturm kn hm oclom kn `jynff`öj, y fumhqu`nr fök`bc kn dmhhc bnjnrmkms oclom kn

`jynff`öj. Nstm `jdcrlmf`öj nj bnjnrmkm pcr hcs s`bu`njtns fclpcjnjtns `jtnrjcs pmrm nh
YVB1 íjbuhc kn snjscr kn rctmf`öj, k`spcs`t`vc kn tnlpcr`zmf`öj, nh snjscr kn tnlpnrmturm
knh fcloustòhn, y hm víhvuhm kn schnjc`kn kn mhtm prns`öj. Nstm fcluj`fmf`öj sn lmjt`njn
hm oclom y nh lctcr nj nh t`nlpc njtrn sì y prctnbn nh lctcr y hm oclom kn hcs drmfmscs. Nh
YVB ns ujm oclom kn `jynff`öj `jtnh`bnjtn. Vn punkn maustmr hm fmjt`kmk kn fcloustòhn
lnk`mjtn hm mft`vmf`öj kn uj k`spcs`t`vc kn tnlpcr`zmf`öj kn lckc qun sn fulphn nh nstmkc
fcrrnftc kn hm njtrnbm.
KYVB, _B;95>;,44> -=0-=2CF[9?-= / =
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=;9-?9 ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < =?4
^j`kmk kn fcjtrch knh lctcr (NF^)
96
=;9
?=
9
9
P
M
L
?
?
-
J
^
-
;
4
2
9
=
B
_
Acej Knnrn J`vnh ; NF^
Hm uj`kmk kn fcjtrch knh lctcr (NF^) ns nh ‘fnrnorc“ knh s`stnlm kn • Yrcpcrf`cjm tckms hms vnhcf`kmkns kn bco`nrjc
fcjtrch nhnftröj`fc. Hm NF^ ns ujm uj`kmk mutöjclm qun fcjt`njn hcs • _nmh`zm mutc k`mbjöst`fc scorn nh s`stnlm kn fcjtrch
f`rfu`tcs nhnftröj`fcs y scdtwmrn kn crknjmkcr qun aujtms rnmh`zmj hms • Mhlmfnjm hcs fök`bcs kn prcohnlms kn hm lnlcr`m
s`bu`njtns dujf`cjns1
Hm NF^ sn fcjnftm mh lmzc kn fmohns m trmvàs kn uj fcjnftcr kn hm NF^ 45
vìms. Nstn fcjnftcr nstí lmrfmkc pcr hcs jñlnrcs kn tnrl`jmh.
• Fcjv`nrtn
Fcjv`nrtn hms
hms snýmhns
snýmhns nhàftr`f
nhàftr`fms
ms kn hcs k`vnrscs
k`vnrscs snjsc
snjscrns
rns nj
snýmhns k`b`tmhns
• [clm knf`s`cjns kn fmjt`kmk öpt`lm kn fcloustòhn y s`jfrcj`zmf`öj kn hm Hm NF^ sn fclpcjn kn hcs s`bu`njtns suos`stnlms1
`jynff`öj nj omsn m `jdcrlmf`öj kn k`vnrscs snjscrns
Fcjvnrt`kcrns mjmhöb`fc / k`b`tmhns
• Hcs hìl`tns líx`lcs kn fcloustòhn pmrm nh dujf`cjml`njtc fcj lñht`phns furvms kn pctnjf`m
Nstm pmrtn kn hm NF^ fcjv`nrtn hms snýmhns kn vchtman mjmhöb`fms kn hcs
• @jdcrlm oclom kn hm uj`kmk kn fcjtrch (YVB) knh sul`j`strc kn fcloustòhn knsnmkm k`vnrscs snjscrns nj snýmhns k`b`tmhns qun hm uj`kmk kn prcfnsml`njtc
fnjtrmh punkn ‘fclprnjknr“.
Fcjt`jñm nj hm s`bu`njtn píb`jm _B, _B6;2=9,=>62 -=0-69VNY02-= / ?
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=;9-?= ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < =?2
^j`kmk Fnjtrmh kn Yrcfnsml`njtc (FY^) Hm `jdcrlmf`öj fcjtnj`km nj hm lnlcr`m _ML sn p`nrkn fumjkc sn nh`l`jm hm tnjs`öj kn omtnrìm m hm
NF^.
Hm uj`kmk fnjtrmh kn prcfnsc rnmh`zm hcs fíhfuhcs lmtnlít`fcs y dujf`cjns höb`fms
qun scj jnfnsmr`cs nj nh fcjtrch kn hm fmjt`kmk kn `jynff`öj kn fcloustòhn y hm - _nmk
_nmk Cj
Cjhy
hy Ln
Lnlc
lcry
ry - _C
_CL
L
s`jfrcj`zmf`öj kn hm `jynff`öj. Hm FY^ fcluj`fm su fmjt`kmk kn fcloustòhn
knsnmkm y hm tnlpcr`zmf`öj m hm uj`kmk kn fcjtrch kn hm oclom (YVB), y fcjtrchm Hm _CL fcjt`njn `jdcrlmf`öj prcbrmlmkm. Hm `jdcrlmf`öj nj hm lnlcr`m _CL
nh s`stnlm kn mutck`mbjöst`fc. söhc punkn snr hnìkc, jc em fmlo`mkc. `jdcrlmf`öj kn hm _CL sn rnt`njn
fumjkc sn rnt`rm hm tnjs`öj kn omtnrìm.
Lnlcr`m
96 - Yrcbrmlmohn y nhàftr`fmlnjtn ocrrmohn lnlcr`m kn söhc hnfturm -
=;9 Hm NF^ fcjt`njn 6 t`pcs k`dnrnjtns kn lnlcr`m1 NNY_CL
??
- Lnlc
Lnlcr`
r`m
m kn mff
mffns
nsc
c mhnm
mhnmtc
tcr`
r`c
c (_ML
(_ML Hm NNY_CL fcjt`njn `jdcrlmf`öj prcbrmlmkm nj hm díor`fm `jfhuynjkc
kmtcs nspnfìd`fcs knh lctcr, y kmtcs kn mph`fmf`öj. Hm `jdcrlmf`öj nj hm
Hm lnlcr`m _ML ns fclc hm pmrtn supnr`cr kn hm lnsm kn trmomac kn hm NF^. NNY_CL sn rnt`njn fumjkc sn rnt`rm hm tnjs`öj kn omtnrìm.
Kmtcs kn hcs k`vnrscs snjscrns y hcs rnsuhtmkcs kn k`vnrscs fíhfuhcs sn
mhlmfnjmj tnlpcrmhlnjtn nj hm _ML.
_B, _B6;2=9,=>62 -=0-69VNY02-? / ?
Fcjtrchmkc Mrnm Jntwcrg (FMJ)
Fcjtrchhnk Mrnm Jntwcrg (FMJ) sn ut`h`zm pmrm pnrl`t`r hm fcluj`fmf`öj njtrn rntcrjc njvìm hm NF^ hm kurmf`öj kn mft`vmf`öj kn hm mhtm prns`öj kn hm víhvuhm kn
ctrcs fcjtrchmkcrns nj nh lctcr c knh vneìfuhc y pmrm hm fcjnx`öj m scdtwmrn schnjc`kn, hm vnhcf`kmk kn hm oclom kn `jynff`öj, tnlpnrmturm kn hm oclom kn
kn k`mbjöst`fc. [ckcs hcs fcjtrchmkcrns qun sn rnqu`nrnj pmrm fcluj`fmrsn m `jynff`öj, y fumhqu`nr fök`bc kn dmhhc bnjnrmkms oclom kn `jynff`öj.
trmvàs kn FMJ nstíj fcjnftmkcs njtrn sì lnk`mjtn mhmlorns qun dcrlmj uj
mutcoñs. A=060 ns uj nstíjkmr VMN qun ut`h`zm FMJ.
Nh lctcr tmlo`àj ut`h`zm FMJ pmrm emohmr fcj ctrcs fcjtrchmkcrns kn vneìfuhcs.
Knpnjk`njkc kn hm mph`fmf`öj, `jdcrlmf`öj fclc hm pcs`f`öj knh mfnhnrmkcr, rnkufn

hm pctnjf`m rnqunr`km y mph`fmf`öj c hm prctnff`öj knh lctcr, lcstrmjkc hcs fök`bcs
Fms` fumhqu`nr t`pc kn `jdcrlmf`öj punkn fcluj`fmrsn m trmvàs knh ous FMJ. kn mvnrìm nj hms pmjtmhhms kn vneìfuhcs, nft.
Knpnjk`njkc kn hm mph`fmf`öj, hm `jdcrlmf`öj fclc jñlnrcs kn pmrtn, jñlnrc
kn snr`n, hm vnhcf`kmk knh lctcr, pcs`f`öj knh mfnhnrmkcr, rnkufn hm pctnjf`m kn hm
mph`fmf`öj sch`f`tmkm y pmrmkms, nft. Nh s`stnlm kn fcjtrch kn j`vnh ; usm nh ous FMJ tmlo`àj pnrl`tn qun nh scdtwmrn kn k`mbjöst`fc fclc hm enrrml`njtm kn
pmrm hm fcluj`fmf`öj njtrn hm ^j`kmk kn Fcjtrch kn Oclom (YVB) y hm uj`kmk kn k`mbjöst`fc kn nsfmjnc (KV[) y nh fcjsuhtcr kn snrv`f`cs • pmrm fcluj`fmrsn fcj
fcjtrch knh lctcr (NF^). Hms njtrmkms pmrm sul`j`strcs NF^ fmjt`kmk kn junstrc fcjtrchmkcr kn lctcr. [ckm hm `jdcrlmf`öj qun sn vn m trmvàs knh scdtwmrn kn
fcloustòhn knsnmkm pmrm hm `jynff`öj, nh `j`f`c kn hm `jynff`öj, y hcs lnjsmans k`mbjöst`fc y pmjtmhhm kn k`mbjöst`fc sn trmjsd`nrn m trmvàs knh ous FMJ.
kn vnhcf`kmk knh lctcr m hm YVB. Nh YVB nj
Nh fcjsuhtcr kn snrv`f`cs ns ujm lmrfm rnb`strmkm kn Knnrn & Fclpmjy _B;=??=,9999?;5

_B;=??=,9999?;5 -=0-=2CF[9?-= / =
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=;9-?? ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < =?5
Cpnrmf`öj knh fmhnjtmkcr kn m`rn kn mkl`s`öj
^jm dujf`öj cpf`cjmh jc `jfhu`kc nj tckcs hcs NF^s, nh fmhnjtmkcr kn m`rn kn mknfumkm, sn mpmbmrí nh ‘@jk`fmkcr kn fmhnjtmkcr kn m`rn“ huz y
mkl`s`öj sn ut`h`zm pmrm mulnjtmr hm tnlpnrmturm knh m`rn knh fchnftcr kn mkl`s`öj knsnjnrb`zmr nh rnhà knh fmhnjtmkcr kn m`rn. V` nh cpnrmkcr b`rm nh njfnjk`kc
pmrm lnacrmr nh mrrmjqun nj drìc. Fumjkc nh cpnrmkcr mft`vm hm tnfhm kn ‘CDD“ m ‘CJ“, kn ‘CJ“ m ‘V[M_[“ nj nstn lclnjtc, nh lctcr mrrmjfm nj dcrlm lmjumh.
hm NF^ ut`h`zm nh snjscr kn tnlpnrmturm knh fcloustòhn pmrm kntnrl`jmr hm
tnlpnrmturm knh lctcr y hm tnlpnrmturm knh m`rn mlo`njtn, njf`njkn hm huz ‘M`r
@jk`fmkcr Fmhnjtmkcr“ nj nh tmohnrc, y njnrb`zm nh rnhà knh fmhnjtmkcr kn m`rn . V` nh cpnrmkcr b`rm hm hhmvn kn ‘V[M_[“ nj ‘CJ“ s`j nspnrmr m qun nh ‘m`rn
@jk`fmkcr knh fmhnjtmkcr“ huz pmrm qun sn mpmbun, sn rnqu`nrn fhmvn nj nh f`fhc
kn hm NF^ sn knsmft`vmrí nh rnhà knh fmhnjtmkcr kn m`rn y ujm fhmvn kn / kn
prnfmhnjtml`njtc mjtns kn pnrl`t`r kn junvc. 96
Nh rnhà kn fmhnjtmkcr kn m`rn, m su vnz njnrb`zmr hms oco`jms kn fmhnjtmkcr kn m`rn =;9
?6
s`tumkms nj nh fchnftcr kn mkl`s`öj. Hm NF^ lmjtnjkrí nh rnhà knh fmhnjtmkcr kn m`rn
njnrb`zmkc pcr ujm fmjt`kmk kn t`nlpc qun nstí kntnrl`jmkc pcr hms tnlpnrmturms Fmkm vnz qun nh lctcr b`rm pnrc jc mrrmjfm, ujm hhmvn kn / sn rnqu`nrn fhmvn
lnk`kms. Fumjkc hm NF^ em kntnrl`jmkc qun nh t`nlpc kn prnfmhnjtml`nj
prnfmhnjtml`njtc
tc ns nj nh f`fhc kn prnfmhnjtml`njtc mjtns sn pnrl`tn kn junvc.
KYVB, _B6;2=9,5 -=0-96KNF05-= / =
Dujf`cjml`njtc knh fcjtrch kn frufnrc
Hm NF^ nstí k`spcjòhn fcj y s`j hm dujf`öj kn fcjtrch kn frufnrc. Ns uj fcjtrch kn • nh pcknr kn fcjtrch kn frufnrc ‘CJ“ c ‘CDD“
frufnrc dunrm kn hm fmrrntnrm qun lmjt`njn hm vnhcf`kmk fcjstmjtn knh lctcr nj • ‘Vnt“ c hm vnhc
vnhcf`km
f`kmk k knh
knh lctcr
lctcr ‘suo`r
‘suo`r““
fcjk`f`cjns kn fmrbm vmr`mohns. Nstm dujf`öj nstí knst`jmkm nspnf`mhlnjtn pmrm • ‘_nmjukmr“ c ‘Oulp Kcwj“ vnhcf`kmk knh lctcr
mph`fmf`cjns kn fmlpc nj qun uj cpnrmkcr sn njdrnjtm m hm jnfns`kmk kn b`rmr nh • Drnjc kn vneìfuhc c nh pnkmh kn nlormbun pmrm knsmfcphmr nh fcjtrch kn frufnrc
vneìfuhc mhrnknkcr kn mh d`jmh kn fmkm d`hm. Nstn fcjtrch kn frufnrc pnrl`tn qun nh
fcjkuftcr ut`h`fn nh mfnhnrmkcr y / c drnjc pmrm b`rmr nh vneìfuhc mhrnknkcr. Fumjkc nstà
h`stc pmrm rnmjukmr hms cpnrmf`cjns kn fmlpc, nh cpnrmkcr hhnvm hm vnhcf`kmk knh lctcr Nh =? kn NF^s vcht`cs, hm vnhcf`kmk knh lctcr sn punkn maustmr knskn kcs hubmrns
pcr njf`lm kn =.699 rpl y mft`vm hm mjuhmf`öj / dujf`öj kn rnmjukmf`öj kn junvc pmrm k`dnrnjtns. Hm uo`fmf`öj pr`lmr`m snrìm jcrlmhlnjtn nj hm fmo`jm knh vneìfuhc y sn
rnmjukmr hm vnhcf`kmk kn frufnrc. ^j tnlpcr`zmkcr `jtnrjc prcpcrf`cjm mh cpnrmkcr uj ut`h`zm pmrm nstmohnfnr ujm vnhcf`kmk fcjstmjtn knh lctcr, l`njtrms qun nh vneìfuhc nstí
l`jutc pmrm fclphntmr hm lmj`corm kn fmlo`c kn tnjknjf`m. s`njkc fcjkuf`kc. Nh fcjtrch kn frufnrc snfujkmr`m sn ut`h`zm jcrlmhlnjtn nj ujm
uo`fmf`öj qun cdrnfn fcjtrch kn vnhcf`kmk kn hm tclm kn dunrzm y qun sn ut`h`zm fcj nh
lctcr nj ‘jnutrmh“ c dunrm kn vnhcf`kmk. Mlocs hubmrns t`njnj hms dujf`cjns jcrlmhns
kn fcjtrch kn frufnrc.
Nh fcjtrch kn frufnrc t`njn hms dujf`cjns jcrlmhns kn1
KYVB, _B;95>;,;>2 -=0-=;CF[00-= / =

9>=;96
YJ < =?0
Yrctnff`öj knh lctcr
prctnff`öj knh lctcr ns jnfnsmr`m pmrm nv`tmr kmýcs nj nh lctcr. Emy trns rnqu`nrn sn dàm mpmbmkc, hm NF^ knsfhms`d`fmr snr`mlnjtn
snr`mlnjtn nh lctcr y
prcbrmlms kn prctnff`öj kn lctcrns k`dnrnjtns k`spcjòhns nj hms uj`kmkns mpmbmr nh lctcr nj 69 snbujkcs. V` nh prcohnlm sn fcrr`bn knjtrc knh
kn fcjtrch knh lctcr (NF^)1 snbujkc pnr`ckc kn rntmrkc 69, hm pctnjf`m sn `jfrnlnjtmrí m ujm
vnhcf`kmk pmrt`fuhmr emstm qun sn mhfmjzm hm líx`lm pctnjf`m. Emy kcs
• V`j prctnff`öj - Hm NF^ jc t`njn nh scdtwmrn kn k`sl`ju`r hm pctnjf`m c j`vnhns kn prctnff`öj knh lctcr1
Mpmbmr nh lctcr. Ns rnspcjsmo`h`kmk knh cpnrmkcr kn rnmff`cjmr m hm huz kn
mkvnrtnjf`m (s) nj su mph`fmf`öj. _nkuff`öj kn pctnjf`m c mpmbmr nh lctcr
emf`m momac punkn snr jnfnsmr`c knpnjk`njkc knh Fök`bc kn k`mbjöst`fc kn MJ^HMF@ÖJ KN MYMBMKC
96 prcohnlms (K[F) qun sn nstmohnfn. Fcjsuhtn nh lmjumh knh cpnrmkcr pmrm
=;9 `knjt`d`fmr nstm `jdcrlmf`öj pmrm ujm mph`fmf`öj kntnrl`jmkm. JC[M1 Hhnvmr m fmoc nh `jtnrruptcr kn fmjfnhmf`öj kn mpmbmkc
?;
fcjt`jum ‘CJ“ jc sn rn`j`f`mrí nh tnlpcr`zmkcr kn 69 snbujkcs.
• Yrctnff`öj knh lctcr s`j jnfns`kmk kn pmrmr - Hm NF^ t`njn hm fmpmf`kmk

kn k`sl`ju`r hm pctnjf`m kn uj lctcr. Ns rnspcjsmo`h`kmk knh cpnrmkcr kn Hcs f`nrrns kn prctnff`öj knh lctcr sn punknj mjuhmr kurmjtn 69 snbujkcs m hm
rnmff`cjmr m hm huz kn mkvnrtnjf`m (s) nj su mph`fmf`öj pmrm `knjt`d`fmr s` ns vnz. Nstc sn punkn ut`h`zmr pmrm lcvnr uj vneìfuhc m uj hubmr snburc. Fmkm vnz
jnfnsmr`c mpmbmr nh lctcr emf`m momac. Fcjsuhtn nh lmjumh knh cpnrmkcr pmrm qun nh `jtnrruptcr sn nlpuam, nh tnlpcr`zmkcr kn mpmbmkc sn rnstmohnfn m 69
rnfupnrmr nstm `jdcrlmf`öj pmrm ujm mph`fmf`öj kntnrl`jmkm. snbujkcs, y nh lctcr dujf`cjmrí nj uj lckc kn rnkuff`öj kn hcs vmhcrns.
• Yrctnff`öj knh lctcr fcj pmrmkm - Hm NF^ k`sl`ju`rí hm pctnjf`m knh
lctcr pmrm K[F kmkms. V` uj K[F
_B;=??=,9999==4
_B;=??=,9999==4 -=0-=2CF[9?-= / =
Yrcbrmlms kn rnkuff`öj kn pctnjf`m
Hm ^j`kmk kn Fcjtrch Nhnftröj`fc (NF^) sn rnkuzfm hm fmjt`kmk kn fcloustòhn qun sn rnkuff`öj kn pctnjf`m kn fcloustòhn. Tnr NVYNF@D@FMF@CJNV sch`f`tuk nj hm Vnff`öj 94,
sul`j`strm mh lctcr fumjkc hms njtrmkms knh snjscr nxfnknj hcs rmjbcs jcrlmhns kn Brupc ?=9 lís mknhmjtn nj nstn lmjumh pmrm nspnf`d`fmf`cjns kn k`sl`juf`öj kn pctnjf`m pcr
dujf`cjml`njtc. ^j Fök`bc kn k`mbjöst`fc kn prcohnlms (K[F) s`nlprn mfclpmým m mph`fmf`öj.
ujm
_B;=??=,9999==2
_B;=??=,9999==2 -=0-=2CF[9?-= / =
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=;9-?; ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < =69
Vnhnff`öj lñht`phn furvm kn pmr
Hm NF^ t`njn hm fmpmf`kmk kn h`l`tmr hm fmjt`kmk líx`lm kn fcloustòhn m trmvàs kn hm

uj`kmk kn fcjtrch kn hm oclom (YVB) kn tmh lmjnrm qun lñht`phns furvms kn pmr sn punknj
snhnff`cjmr `jk`v`kumhlnjtn l`njtrms qun nh lctcr nstí nj lmrfem. Hm snhnff`öj kn lñht`phns
furvms kn pmr sn kntnrl`jm pcr fumhqu`nrm kn hms njtrmkms knh `jtnrruptcr nj furvm kn pmr kn
hm NF^ tnrl`jmh kn snhnff`öj, c pcr lnjsmans kn ctrcs fcjtrchmkcrns nj nh fcjtrchmkcr kn
rnk kn írnm kn hm líqu`jm (FMJ). Nj hm lmycrìm kn mph`fmf`cjns, ujm furvm kn pmr sn ut`h`zm
pmrm nh dujf`cjml`njtc ‘jcrlmh“. Tmr`ms ctrms furvms kn pmr rnkuff`öj kn hcs vmhcrns snríj
ut`h`zmkcs pmrm prctnbnr nans knh vneìfuhc, njbmjfens, y trmjsl`s`cjns, ntf., omac f`nrtms
fcjk`f`cjns kn dujf`cjml`njtc. 96
=;9
?>
Ycr nanlphc1 ujm líqu`jm punkn nhnb`r vmr`ms furvms kn pmr ut`h`zmjkc k`spcs`f`öj
kn fcjlutmf`öj s`lphn. ^j s`lphn kn njfnjk`kc / mpmbmkc nh `jtnrruptcr kn pmhmjfm
y hm rns`stnjf`m sn punkn ut`h`zmr pmrm fmlo`mr njtrn furvm kn pmr = (pctnjf`m
líx`lm), y fumhqu`nrm kn hms ctrms furvms kn pmr. Fumjkc nh `jtnrruptcr nstí mo`nrtc,
hm NF^ fclmjkc kn pmr furvm =. Fumjkc nh `jtnrruptcr nstí fnrrmkc, hm NF^
lmjkmrí m ujm kn hms ctrms furvms nj dujf`öj kn hm rns`stnjf`m nj hm hìjnm. Tnr
NVYNF@D@FMF@CJNV sch`f`tuk nj hm Vnff`öj 4, Brupc ?=9 kn nstn lmjumh pmrm
nspnf`d`fmf`cjns kn snhnff`öj kn hm furvm kn pmr lctcr.
5
0
Y
N
V
5
=
-
0
=
-
?
>
>
5
B
_
Hms furvms kn pmr
KYVB, _B;95>;,;49 -=0-?6MY_96-= / =
Nh bconrjmkcr kn hm `jfh`jmf`öj kn snhnff`öj kn lckc
Nh s`stnlm kn fcjtrch nhnftröj`fc prcpcrf`cjm nj tckms hms vnhcf`kmkns kn bco`nrjc. Hm emy uj fmlo`c nj hm vnhcf`kmk knh lctcr fcj nh fmlo`c kn fmrbms emstm qun sn
uj`kmk kn fcjtrch knh lctcr (NF^) fcjtrchm hm vnhcf`kmk knh lctcr nj omsn m hm njtrmkm kn mhfmjzm nh hìl`tn kn pmr kn lctcr. Hm vnhcf`kmk kn rmhnjtì omac díor`fm s`nlprn
nstrmjbuhmf`öj
nstrmjbuhmf`öj mjmhöb`fm. nstí h`stc pmrm bconrjmr `söfrcjc. Krccp snhnff`öj punkn snr kntnrl`jmkm pcr
hm vnhcf`kmk knh lctcr, hm fmrbm y nh fcjtrch kn frufnrc nj dujf`öj kn hm
Hm NF^ tmlo`àj t`njn hm fmpmf`kmk kn prcpcrf`cjmr (9%) kn fmìkm jcrlmh y mph`fmf`öj. Tnr NVYNF@D@FMF@CJNV sch`f`tuk nj hm Vnff`öj 4, Brupc ?=9 kn
`söfrcjc. Hm fmìkm jcrlmh kn km ujm fmìkm kn hm vnhcf`kmk knh lctcr fcj uj nstn lmjumh pmrm nspnf`d`fmf`cjns lckc bconrjmkcr fmnr.
mulnjtc kn hm fmrbm c uj mulnjtc nj hm vnhcf`kmk knh lctcr fcj ujm
k`sl`juf`öj kn hm fmrbm. Fumjkc nj `söfrcjc, hm `jfh`jmf`öj sn nstmohnfn nj
9%, y
KYVB, _B;95>;,;4= -=0-?6MY_96-= / =
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=;9-?> ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < =6=
^j`kmk kn fcjtrch knh lctcr (NF^) Mutck`mbjöst`fc
Hm uj`kmk kn fcjtrch knh lctcr (NF^) t`njn hm fmpmf`kmk kn kntnftmr prcohnlms f`rfu`tc kn tnlpnrmturm knh rndr`bnrmjtn. Hm snbujkm pmrtn knh fök`bc sn
`jtnrjcs y nj nh s`stnlm kn fcjtrch nhnftröj`fc. Nstc `jfhuyn kntnrl`jmr s` fumhqu`nrm hhmlm nh fök`bc `knjt`d`fmkcr knh lckc kn drmfmsc (DL@). Nh DL@ fcjt`njn ?
kn hcs vchtmans kn njtrmkm kn snjscr scj knlms`mkc mhtcs c knlms`mkc omacs. V` hm kìb`tcs. Nh DL@ `knjt`d`fm nh t`pc kn dmhhc qun sn em prckuf`kc7 pcr nanlphc DL@
NF^ kntnftm uj prcohnlm fcj nh s`stnlm kn fcjtrch nhnftröj`fc, uj fök`bc kn mpurc 6 `jk`fm nh vmhcr njf`lm kn hc jcrlmh. Fcj nh d`j kn kntnrl`jmr hm dmhhm nxmftm,
(K[F) nspnfìd`fm kn k`mbjöst`fc mh s`stnlm dmhh`kc sn mhlmfnjmrí nj hm lnlcr`m kn sn rnqu`nrnj tmjtc nh VYJ y DL@. Fclo`jmjkc VYJ ==9 fcj DL@ 6
hm NF^. rnjk`l`njtcs knh rndr`bnrmjtn knh lctcr kn mhtm tnjs`öj kn njtrmkm kn
tnlpnrmturm.
96 Emy kcs t`pcs kn K[F1

=;9 Nj tckms hms mph`fmf`cjns fcj hm ^j`kmk kn Fcjtrch kn J`vnh ; knh lctcr (NF^), hm
?4
• Mft`vc NF^ trmjsl`tn fök`bcs VYJ / DL@ lís kn Fcjtrchhnr Mrnm Jntwcrg (FMJ). Nstc
• mhlmfnjmkc pnrl`tn qun hms enrrml`njtms kn snrv`f`c, tmhns fclc nh ecrmr`c kn vnrmjc, nh fcjsuhtcr
kn snrv`f`cs ••
K[F mft`vcs `jk`fmj qun hm dmhhm nstí cfurr`njkc. Nstn t`pc kn dmhhcs m y nh `jk`fmkcr kn k`mbjöst`fc pmrm v`sumh`zmr K[F mft`vcs y mhlmfnjmkcs.
vnfns scj hhmlmkcs drmfmscs ‘kurms“. Fumjkc sn ut`h`zm nh ecrmr`c kn vnrmjc c nh fcjsuhtcr kn snrv`f`cs • hcs fök`bcs sn
lcstrmríj nj uj dcrlmtc kn 999.999,99. Ycr nanlphc, VYJ ==9 DL@ 6 sn
lcstrmrí fclc
K[F mhlmfnjmkcs `jk`fmj qun uj dmhhc sn em prckuf`kc nj nh pmsmkc, pnrc jc sn 999.==9,96.
nstí prckuf`njkc mftumhlnjtn. Nstn t`pc kn K[F punkn snr fmusmkm pcr ujm dmhhm
‘`jtnrl`tnjtn“. Nstcs pckrìmj snr prcohnlms tmhns fclc ujm lmhm fcjnx`öj c uj FÖK@BCV kn ? kìb`tcs
mhmlorn kn dcrlm `jtnrl`tnjtn uj fcrtcf`rfu`tc m t`nrrm.

Mhbujms mph`fmf`cjns kn v`sumh`zmf`öj kn Acej Knnrn K[F fclc fök`bcs kn ? kìb`tcs hnìkcs
knskn ujm pmjtmhhm kn m ocrkc.
Emy vmr`cs làtckcs k`dnrnjtns pmrm hm v`sumh`zmf`öj kn mlocs K[F
K[ F
mhlmfnjmkcs y mft`vcs kn hm NF^. HÍLYM_M KN MKTN_[NJF@M
JC[M1 V` hm enrrml`njtm kn k`mbjöst`fc kn nsfmjnc (KV[) c VN_T@F@C Nj mhbujms mph`fmf`cjns, emy ujm hílpmrm kn mkvnrtnjf`m (tmlo`àj fcjcf`km
[^[C_ • sn ut`h`zm pmrm hnnr uj vchtman knh snjscr y vmhcr fclc hm huz ‘M`rn @jk`fmkcr knh fmhnjtmkcr“) qun sn ut`h`zm fumjkc uj fök`bc sn
fmhfuhmkc, y emy uj K[F mft`vc pmrm nsn snjscr, nh vmhcr mft`vm. Fumjkc uj fök`bc ns mft`vm, nstm hílpmrm c o`nj pmrpmknm c nstmjf`m nj
fmhfuhmkc pmrm nsn snjscr snrí nh vmhcr ‘kn dujf`cjml`njtc kn söh`kc. ^jm huz dàm `jk`fm qun hm NF^ nstí tclmjkc lnk`kms nxtrnlms pmrm
nlnrbnjf`m“ y nh vchtman snrí nh vchtman knh snjscr rnmh. ^t`h`fn hm prctnbnr nh lctcr. ^jm huz `jtnrl`tnjtn `jk`fm qun hm fnjtrmh nhnftröj`fm em
tnjs`öj kurmjtn nh k`mbjöst`fc m lnjcs qun sn `jk`qun hc kntnftmkc uj dmhhc knh lctcr y nh rnjk`l`njtc punkn vnrsn mdnftmkc.
fcjtrmr`c pcr uj bríd`fc kn k`mbjöst`fc.
FÖK@BCV VYJ / DL@ NH@L@JMF@ÖJ KN K[F MHLMFNJMKC
fök`bcs VYJ / DL@ sn nsfrònj kn hm jcrlm VMN A=060 fclc uj fök`bc kn K[F mhlmfnjmkcs sn punknj ocrrmr m trmvàs kn hm enrrml`njtm kn k`mbjöst`fc kn
kcs pmrtns. Hm pr`lnrm pmrtn sn hhmlm nh jñlnrc kn pmrílntrc scspnfecsc nsfmjnc (KV[) c Msnscr kn snrv`f`c •. Fcjsuhtn nh lmjumh kn hm líqu`jm c vneìfuhc
(VYJ). [ìp`fmlnjtn, fcjt`njn njtrn ? y ; kìb`tcs. Nh VYJ `knjt`d`fm nh s`stnlm Fcjsuhtn Nh`l`jmf`öj
Nh`l`jmf`öj MHLMFNJMKCV FMH@O_N K[FV NJ K@MBJÖV[@FC nj nh
c nh fclpcjnjtn qun t`njn nh drmfmsc7 pcr nanlphc VYJ ==9 `jk`fm uj dmhhc nj Brupc =49 lís mknhmjtn nj nstn lmjumh pmrm kntnrl`jmr fölc ocrrmr nh hnftcr kn
nh lctcr fök`bc.
Nh fcjsuhtcr kn snrv`f`cs ns ujm lmrfm rnb`strmkm kn Knnrn & Fclpmjy VN_T@F@C KN

MVNVC_ _B, _B6;2=9,=>;9 -=0-69VNY02-= / =

9>=;96
YJ < =6?
snff`öj 9;
K`mbjöst`fc
Fcjtnj`kc
Yíb`jm Yíb`jm
Brupc =>9-cosnrvmohn K`mbjöst`fc y prunoms

M= - fmhnjtmkcr kn mkl`s`öj kn m`rn Fenfg. . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=>9-49
Mfnrfm kn nstn Brupc knh Lmjumh. . . . . . . . . . .9;-=>9-=
M= - fmhnjtmkcr kn mkl`s`öj kn m`rn fclprcomf`öj kn k`mbjöst`fc
N= - Lctcr O`nhms / jc mrrmjfm. . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=>9-?
Yrcfnk`l`njtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=>9-4=
N= - Lctcr O`nhms / jc fclnjzmrí k`mbjöst`fc
Tnr`d`fmf`öj kn hm fmh`kmk kn sul`j`strc
sul`j`strc kn fcloustòhn - J`vnh =. . . . . . . .9;-=>9-4>
Yrcfnk`l`njtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=>9-?
Tnr`d`fmf`öj kn hm fmh`kmk kn sul`j`strc
sul`j`strc kn fcloustòhn - J`vnh ?. . . . . . . .9;-=>9-42
N? - Dmhhcs kn lctcr / dujf`cjm kn dcrlm `rrnbuhmr. . . . . . .9;-=>9-2
Yrunom pmrm krnjmr nh fcloustòhn junvc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=>9-45
N? - Dmhhcs kn lctcr / dujf`cjm kn dcrlm `rrnbuhmr
Yrunom kn M`rn nj nh fcloustòhn - J`vnh =. . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=>9-40 9;
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=>9-2
Yrunom kn M`rn nj nh fcloustòhn
fcloustòhn - J`vnh ?. . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=>9-2=
N6 - Nh lctcr jc knsmrrchhm fclphntm
Fclprcomr hm prns`öj kn sul`j`strc kn fcloustòhn. . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=>9-2?
Ycknr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=>9-=?
Yurbmr nh s`stnlm kn fcloustòhn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=>9-26
N6 - lctcr jc knsmrrchhm pctnjf`m fclphntm
Yrunom kn dmhhc kn njfnjk`kc knh f`h`jkrc (Lctcr
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=>9-=?
Fcrr`njkc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=>9-24
N; - Vn nl`tn nxfns`vc knh lctcr ohmjfm
Nh eulc kn nsfmpn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=>9-=5
N; - Vn nl`tn nxfns`vc knh lctcr ohmjfm Brupc =49 kn fök`bc kn mpurc kn k`mbjöst`fc y prunoms
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc kn nxtrmff`öj kn eulcs. . . .9;-=>9-=5 Mfnrfm kn nstn brupc knh Lmjumh. . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=
N> - Vn nl`tn lctcr nxfns`vc c Jnbrc Fcjfnptcs nhàftr`fms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=
Nh eulc br`s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=>9-?? Nh usc kn uj luhtìlntrc k`b`tmh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?
N> - Vn nl`tn lctcr nxfns`vc c Jnbrc Dmhhcs f`rfu`tc nhàftr`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc kn eulc br`s. . . . . .9;-=>9-?? Hms mvnrìms knh f`rfu`tc kn rnschuf`öj kn prcohnlms. . . . . . . .9;-=49->
N4 - Nh lctcr jc b`rm. . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=>9-?> Fcjnx`öj m Enrrml`njtm kn k`mbjcs`s (KV[) c

N2 - lctcr dujf`cjm m rmhnjtì lmh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=>9-?> nh fcjsuhtcr kn snrv`f`cs •. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-0
N5 - _u`kc mjcrlmh knh lctcr. . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=>9-?4 Ymrílntrcs kn kmtcs kn fcjd`burmf`öj knh lctcr nj
N=9 - mjmhöb`fc knh mfnhnrmkcr (o) jc Ymjtmhhm kn k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-==
_nspcjknr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=>9-?5 T`njkc hcs K[F mft`vcs nj k`mbjöst`fc
D= - Mh`lnjtmf`öj kn fcloustòhn Fenfg - J`vnh =. . . .9;-=>9-69 Fmhòrn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=>9-6? T`njkc hcs K[F mhlmfnjmkc
mhlmfnjmkcss nj k`mbjöst`fc
D= - Mh`lnjtmf`öj kn fcloustòhn Fenfg - J `vnh = Fmhòrn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=6
Fmjfnhmf`öj kn hcs K[F mhlmfnjmkcs nj k`mbjöst`fc
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=>9-6? Fmhòrn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=;
D? - Nh fcjsulc nxfns`vc kn fcloustòhn. . . . . . . . .9;-=>9-62
D6 - Fcloustòhn nj nh mfn`tn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=>9-62 Ymrpmknmr K[F ^sc knh fök`bc kn k`mbjöst`fc kn pmrpmknc
D; - Mh`lnjtmf`öj kn fcloustòhn Fenfg - J`vnh ?. . . .9;-=>9-65 Fcjnftcr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=>

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=>9-;9 Knsfr`pf`öj kn kmtcs
kmtcs kn pmrílntrcs. . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=5
D; - Mh`lnjtmf`öj kn fcloustòhn Fenfg - J `vnh ? @jstruff`cjns kn f`h`jkrcs knh lctcr kn prunom kn dmhhcs kn njfnjk`kc
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=>9-;9 Yrunom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-??

D> - @jynff`öj kn Fcloustòhn [nst kn `jynftcrns. . . . . . . . .9;-=>9-;4 @jstruff`cjns kn prunom pmrm lctcrns kn fclprns`öj-
K= - NF^ jc sn fcluj`fm fcj Yrunom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?;
Nh ecrmr`c kn vnrmjc c nh fcjsuhtcr kn snrv`f`cs •. . . . . . . . . . 9;-=>9->9 Yrunom kn lctcr @jstruff`cjns kn f`h`jkrc kn rnfcrtn
K= - NF^ jc sn fcluj`fm fcj Yrunom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?>
Nh ecrmr`c kn vnrmjc c nh fcjsuhtcr kn snrv`f`cs • K`mbjöst`fc @jstruff`cjns pmrm hm prunom knh lctcr - nxfmvmkcrms
Yrcfnk`l`njtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=>9->= Fmlo`mr prunom furvm kn pmr. . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?4

K? - Lnk`kcr kn k`mbjöst`fc jc @jstruff`cjns pmrm hm prunom knh lctcr knh trmftcr - [crqun
Fcluj`fmrsn fcj hm NF^. . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=>9->4 Fmlo`mr prunom furvm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=>9->2 ^j`kmk kn Fcjtrch knh Lctcr rnprcbrmlmf`öj

K? - Lnk`kcr kn k`mbjöst`fc jc (NF^). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?5
Fcluj`fmrsn fcj hm NF^ kn k`mbjöst`fc
Yrcfnk`l`njtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=>9->2 Fcjt`jñm nj hm s`bu`njtn píb`jm
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 9;-= ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < =
Fcjtnj`kc
Yíb`jm Yíb`jm
Hm knsfmrbm kn mrfe`vcs kn fmrbm ñt`h Ymrm nh ecrmr`c kn vnrmjc. . . . . . . .9;-=49-?0 [=6 - Nxfmvmkcrm mfnhnrmkcr kn t`nrrm [njs`öj
^j`kmk kn Fcjtrch knh Lctcr rnprcbrmlmf`öj (NF^) Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc
k`mbjöst`fc kn mhtm. . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-0>
Fcj nh ecrmr`c kn
kn vnrmjc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-6; [=; - Nxfmvmkcrm mfnhnrmkcr kn t`nrrm [njs`öj
Hm knsfmrbm kn hm fmrbm ñt`h kn mrfe`vcs pmrm Omac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-05
[^[C_ •. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-00
^j`kmk kn Fcjtrch knh Lctcr rnprcbrmlmf`öj [=; - Nxfmvmkcrm mfnhnrmkcr Yhmjtm Omam [njs`öj
[ njs`öj
(NF^) fcj snrv`f`c kn MKT@VC_ •. . . . . . 9;-=49-;2 Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-00
Fök`bcs kn k`mbjöst`fc (K[F). . . . . . . . .9;-=49->= [=> - Nxfmvmkcrm kn vchtman kn njtrmkm knh mfnhnrmkcr
H`stmkc kn Fök`bcs kn k`mbjöst`fc (K[F) Mhtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=9?
nj hm NF^. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49->? [=> - Nxfmvmkcrm rnbuhmkcr kn njtrmkm kn mhtc vchtman
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc.
k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49->4 Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=96
K`mbjöst`fc kn dmhhcs `jtnrl`tnjtns.
`jtnrl`tnjtns. . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49->2 [=4 - Nxfmvmkcrm kn vchtman kn njtrmkm knh mfnhnrmkcr
[= - Luht`-Nstmkc rnbuhmkcr kn njtrmkm kn mhtm. . . . . . . .9;-=49->5 Omac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=94
9; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-=92
[= - Luht`-Nstmkc rnbuhmkcr kn njtrmkm kn mhtm k`mbjöst`fc [=4 - Nxfmvmkcrm rnbuhmkcr kn njtrmkm kn omac vchtman
Yrcfnk`l`njtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-49 Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=92
[? - Luht`-Nstmkc rnbuhmkcr kn njtrmkm omam. . . . . . . . .9;-=49-4? [=2 - mjmhöb`fc knh mfnhnrmkcr (F) kn njtrmkm kn mhtm. . . . . .9;-=49-==9
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-4; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-===
[? - Luht`-Nstmkc rnbuhmkcr kn njtrmkm omam kn k`mbjöst`fc
[=2 - mjmhöb`fc knh mfnhnrmkcr (F) kn njtrmkm kn mhtm
Yrcfnk`l`njtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-4; Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-===
[6 - mjmhöb`fc knh mfnhnrmkcr (M) kn njtrmkm kn mhtm. . . . . . . .9;-=49-44
[=5 - mjmhöb`fc knh mfnhnrmkcr (F) kn njtrmkm omam. . . . . .9;-=49-==;
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-42
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-==>
[6 - mjmhöb`fc knh mfnhnrmkcr (M) Njtrmkm mhtm kn k`mbjöst`fc
[=5 - mjmhöb`fc knh mfnhnrmkcr (F) kn njtrmkm omam
Yrcfnk`l`njtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-42
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-==>
[; - mjmhöb`fc knh mfnhnrmkcr (M) kn njtrmkm omam. . . . . . . .9;-=49-29
999.9?5,96 - Mfnhnrmkcr kn mhtc vchtman. . . . . .9;-=49-==5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-2=
999.9?5,9; - Mfnhnrmkcr kn omam tnjs`öj. . . . . . .9;-=49-==5
[; - mjmhöb`fc knh mfnhnrmkcr (M) omac kn njtrmkm kn k`mbjöst`fc
999.9?0,96 - Mfnhnrmkcr kn mhtc vchtman. . . . . .9;-=49-==0
Yrcfnk`l`njtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-2=
999.9?0,9; - Mfnhnrmkcr kn omam tnjs`öj. . . . . . .9;-=49-==0
[> - mjmhöb`fc knh mfnhnrmkcr (O) kn njtrmkm kn mhtm. . . . . . . .9;-=49-2;
999.95;,9? - vnhcf`kmk knh vneìfuhc jc fc`jf`knjtn. . . .9;-=49-=?9
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-2>
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-=?=
[> - mjmhöb`fc knh mfnhnrmkcr (O) mhtc kn njtrmkm kn k`mbjöst`fc
999.95;,9? vneìfuhc K`sfrnpmjf`m kn vnhcf`kmk
Yrcfnk`l`njtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-2>
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=?=
[4 - mjmhöb`fc knh mfnhnrmkcr (O) kn njtrmkm omam. . . . . . . .9;-=49-25
999.90=,96 - Mfnhnrmkcr kn mhtc vchtman. . . . . .9;-=49-=?;
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-20
999.90=,9; - Mfnhnrmkcr kn omam tnjs`öj. . . . . . .9;-=49-=?>
[4 - mjmhöb`fc knh mfnhnrmkcr (O) omac kn njtrmkm kn k`mbjöst`fc
Yrcfnk`l`njtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-20 999.90=,90 - knh mfnhnrmkcr
mfnhnrmkcr jc víh`km. . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=?>
999.90;,9=
999.90;,9= - Yrns`öj kn sul`j`strc kn fcloustòhn
[2 - FMJ mfnhnrmkcr jc víh`km. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-5?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-56 Nxtrnlmkmlnjtn omac. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=?4
[2 - FMJ mfnhnrmkcr jc víh`km kn k`mbjöst`fc
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-=?2
Yrns`öj 999.90;,9= Vul`j`strc kn fcloustòhn
Yrcfnk`l`njtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-56
[== - Nxfmvmkcrm kn rndnrnjf`m knh mfnhnrmkcr Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc nxtrnlmkmlnjtn omam. . . .9;-=49-=?2
Mhtm tnjs`öj. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-54 999.90;,96 - Vul`j`strc kn fcloustòhn kn njtrmkm Yrns`öj
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-52 Mhtm tnjs`öj. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=?5

[== - Nxfmvmkcrm kn rndnrnjf`m knh mfnhnrmkcr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-=?0
Yrcfnk`l`njtc
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc kn mhtc vchtman. . . . . .9;-=49-52 999.90;,96 Vul`j`strc kn fcloustòhn kn njtrmkm Yrns`öj
[=? - Nxfmvmkcrm kn rndnrnjf`m knh mfnhnrmkcr Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc kn mhtc vchtman. . . . . 9;-=49-=?0
Omam [njs`öj. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-09 999.90;,9; - Vul`j`strc kn fcloustòhn kn njtrmkm Yrns`öj
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-0= Omam [njs`öj. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=6?

[=? - Nxfmvmkcrm kn rndnrnjf`m knh mfnhnrmkcr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-=66
Yrcfnk`l`njtc
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc kn omam tnjs`öj. . . . . .9;-=49-0= [=6 - 999.90;,9; Vul`j`strc kn fcloustòhn kn njtrmkm Yrns`öj
Nxfmvmkcrm mfnhnrmkcr kn t`nrrm [njs`öj Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc kn omam tnjs`öj. . . . .9;-=49-=66
Mhtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-0;
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-0> Fcjt`jñm nj hm s`bu`njtn píb`jm
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 9;-? ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < ?
Fcjtnj`kc
Yíb`jm Yíb`jm
999.90;,=5 - Yrns`öj kn sul`j`strc kn fcloustòhn 999.=9>,=4 [nlpnrmturm

[nlpnrmturm fchnftcr kn m`rn
Lcknrmkmlnjtn omam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=64 lcknrmkmlnjtn mhtm kn k`mbjöst`fc
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-=62 Yrcfnk`l`njtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=26
Yrns`öj 999.90;,=5 Vul`j`strc kn fcloustòhn 999.=92,99 - D`htrc kn m`rn k`dnrnjf`mh
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc lcknrmkmlnjtn omam. . .9;-=49-=62 Yrns`öj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=2;
999.902,99 - Mbum nj nh fcloustòhn fcjt`jumlnjtn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-=2>
Kntnftmkc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=65 999.=92,99 d`htrc kn m`rn kn prns`öj k`dnrnjf`mh Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-=60 . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=2>
999.902,99 mbum nj nh fcloustòhn fcjt`jumlnjtn 999.==9,99 - [nlpnrmturm knh rndr`bnrmjtn knh lctcr nxtrnlmkmlnjtn mhtm. . . . .
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc kntnftm. . . . . . . .9;-=49-=60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=25
999.902,=4 - Mbum nj nh fcloustòhn kntnftmkm. . . . .9;-=49-=;? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-=20
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-=;6 999.==9,99 rndr`bnrmjtn knh lctcr [nlpnrmturm
999.902,=4 mbum nj nh fcloustòhn kntnftmkm k`mbjöst`fc Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc nxtrnlmkmlnjtn mhtm. . .9;-=49-=20
Yrcfnk`l`njtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=;6 999.==9,96 - knh rndr`bnrmjtn knh lctcr 9;
999.=99,9= - prns`öj kn mfn`tn knh lctcr [nlpnrmturm kn njtrmkm kn mhtc vchtman. . . . . . .9;-=49-=59
Nxtrnlmkmlnjtn omac. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=;4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-=5=
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-=;5 999.==9,96 rndr`bnrmjtn knh lctcr [nlpnrmturm kn njtrmkm kn
999.=99,9= prns`öj kn mfn`tn knh lctcr nxtrnlmkmlnjtn mhtc vchtman kn k`mbjöst`fc
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc omam. . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=;5 Yrcfnk`l`njtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=5=
999.=99,96 - Yrns`öj knh mfn`tn knh lctcr kn njtrmkm 999.==9,9; - knh rndr`bnrmjtn knh lctcr
Mhtm tnjs`öj. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=>9 [nlpnrmturm kn njtrmkm kn omam tnjs`öj. . . . . . . .9;-=49-=5;
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-=>= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-=5>
999.=99,96
999.=99,96 mfn`tn knh lctcr Yrns`öj kn njtrmkm 999.==9,9; rndr`bnrmjtn knh lctcr [nlpnrmturm kn njtrmkm kn
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc kn mhtc vchtman. . . . .9;-=49-=>= omac vchtman kn k`mbjöst`fc
999.=99,9;
999.=99,9; mfn`tn knh lctcr Yrns`öj kn njtrmkm Yrcfnk`l`njtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=5>
Omam [njs`öj. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=>; 999.==9,=> - knh rndr`bnrmjtn knh lctcr
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-=>4 [nlpnrmturm mhtm lnjcs brmvn. . . . . . .9;-=49-=55
999.=99,9; mfn`tn knh lctcr Yrns`öj kn njtrmkm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-=50
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc kn omam tnjs`öj. . . . .9;-=49-=>4 999.==9,=> rndr`bnrmjtn knh lctcr [nlpnrmturm
999.=99,=5 - prns`öj kn mfn`tn knh lctcr Mhtc nh lnjcs brmvn kn k`mbjöst`fc
Lcknrmkmlnjtn omam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=49 Yrcfnk`l`njtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=50
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-=4= 999.==9,=4
999.==9,=4 - [nlpnrmturm knh rndr`bnrmjtn knh lctcr
Yrns`öj kn mfn`tn knh lctcr 999.=99,=5 Lcknrmkmlnjtn mhtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=09
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc lcknrmkmlnjtn omam. . .9;-=49-=4= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-=0=
999.=9>,99 - [nlpnrmturm fchnftcr kn m`rn 999.==9,=4 rndr`bnrmjtn knh lctcr [nlpnrmturm
Nxtrnlmkmlnjtn mhtc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=4? Lcknrmkmlnjtn mhtm kn k`mbjöst`fc
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-=46 Yrcfnk`l`njtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=0=
[nlpnrmturm 999.=9>,99 fchnftcr kn m`rn 999.===,9= - knh rndr`bnrmjtn knh lctcr kn omac j`vnh. . .9;-=49-=0?
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc nxtrnlmkmlnjtn mhtm. . .9;-=49-=46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-=06
999.=9>,96 - [nlpnrmturm kn njtrmkm knh m`rn knh fchnftcr 999.===,9= rndr`bnrmjtn knh lctcr kn omac j`vnh
Mhtm tnjs`öj. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=4; Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=06
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-=4> 999.=>5,=2 - NF^ Nrrcr kn mpmbmkc. . . .9;-=49-=04
999.=9>,96
999.=9>,96 fchnftcr kn m`rn kn njtrmkm kn tnlpnrmturm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-=02
Yrcfnk`l`njtc
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc kn mhtc vchtman. . . . .9;-=49-=4> 999.=>5,=2 NF^ Nrrcr kn mpmbmkc
999.=9>,9;
999.=9>,9; fchnftcr kn m`rn kn njtrmkm kn tnlpnrmturm Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=02
Omam [njs`öj. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=45 999.=2;,99 - fcloustòhn kn mhtm tnlpnrmturm
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-=40 Lís brmvn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?99
999.=9>,9;
999.=9>,9; fchnftcr kn m`rn kn njtrmkm kn tnlpnrmturm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-?9?
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc kn omam tnjs`öj. . . . .9;-=49-=40 999.=2;,99 kn fcloustòhn kn mhtm tnlpnrmturm lís
999.=9>,=4 - [nlpnrmturm fchnftcr kn m`rn Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc brmvn.
brmvn. . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?9?
Lcknrmkmlnjtn mhtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-=2?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-=26 Fcjt`jñm nj hm s`bu`njtn píb`jm
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 9;-6 ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < 6
Fcjtnj`kc
Yíb`jm Yíb`jm
999.=2;,=> - fcloustòhn kn mhtm tnlpnrmturm 999.46?,9> fcloustòhn Mpmbmkc Jc Dujf`cjmh Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . .
Lnjcs brmvn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?9; . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?;=
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-?9> 999.464,9? - Oclom Ycs`f`öj kn ru`kc kn njtrmkm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
999.=2;,=> kn fcloustòhn kn mhtm tnlpnrmturm lnjcs . . . . . .9;-=49-?;;
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc brmvn. . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?9> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-?;>
999.=2;,=4 - fcloustòhn kn mhtm tnlpnrmturm 999.464,9? Oclom Ycs`f`öj kn ru`kc kn njtrmkm
Lcknrmkmlnjtn brmvn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?95 Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?;>
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-?90 999.464,95 - Ycs`f`öj kn njtrmkm kn hm oclom
999.=2;,=4 kn fcloustòhn kn mhtm tnlpnrmturm Knsmpmrnf`kc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?;5
Lcknrmkmlnjtn
Lcknrmkmlnjtn snvnrc k`mbjöst`fc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-?;0
Yrcfnk`l`njtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?90 999.464,95 Oclom Ycs`f`öj kn njtrmkm L`ss`jb Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . .
999.=2;,6= - fcloustòhn knh snjscr kn tnlpnrmturm . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?;0
Knddnf
Kn nftu
tuc
csc
sc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
.9;-
;-=
=49
49-?
-?=?
=? 999.
999.4464
64,= ,=99 - OcOclolom m pcs
pcs`f
`f`ö
`öj
j kn
knh pmt
pmtrröj kn nrr
rrc
cr kn
kn nj
njtr
trm
mkm
km.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-?=6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?>?
999.=2;,6= fcloustòhn knh snjscr kn tnlpnrmturm kndnftucsc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-?>6
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?=6 999.464,=9 Oclom pcs`f`öj knh pmtröj kn nrrcr kn njtrmkm
999.=50,99 - Lctcr Knrrmtnn vnhcf`kmk. . . . . .9;-=49-?=; Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?>6
999.
999.=
=50
50,6
,6=
= - Lc
Lctc
tcrr Kn
Knrr
rrm
mtn
tnn
n vnh
vnhcf
cf`k
`km
mk. . . . . .9
.9;-
;-=
=49
49-?
-?=>
=> 999.
999.4462
62,9,9?? - pc
pcs`
s`f`
f`ö
öj kn
knhh f`
f`bø
bøný
nýmh
mh kn ru
ru`k
`kc
c kn njt
njtrm
rmkm
km.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
999.=09,99 - Nxfnsc kn vnhcf`kmk knh lctcr . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?>4
Nxtrnln. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?=4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-?>5
999.=09,=4 - Nxfnsc kn vnhcf`kmk knh lctcr 999.462,9? pcs`f`öj knh f`bønýmh kn ru`kc kn njtrmkm
Lcknrmkm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?=2 Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?>5
999.4?9,96 - [njs`öj kn mh`lnjtmf`öj knh snjscr 999.462,95 - Njtrmkm kn pcs`f`öj knh f`bønýmh
Mhtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?=5 Knsmpmrnf`kc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?49
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-?=0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-?4?
999.4?9,96
999.4?9,96 snjscr [njs`öj kn mh`lnjtmf`öj kn mhtm 999.462,95 pcs`f`öj knh f`bønýmh kn njtrmkm L`ss`jb Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?=0 k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?4?
999.4?9,9; - [njs`öj kn mh`lnjtmf`öj knh snjscr 999.462,=9 - pcs`f`öj knh f`bønýmh Ymtröj kn nrrcr kn njtrmkm. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Omac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-??? . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?44
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-??6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-?45
999.4?9,9; snjscr kn mh`lnjtmf`öj kn omac vchtman 999.462,=9 njtrmkm kn pcs`f`öj knh f`bønýmh
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-??6 Ymtröj kn nrrcr Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . . . .9;-=49-?45
999.4?2,9; - NF^ jc fcjlutmkm kn mh`lnjtmf`öj 999.2?0,96 - njtrmkm knh fmhnjtmkcr snýmh kn m`rn
Knsmpmrnf`kc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-??4 Mhtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?2?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-??2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-?26
999.4?2,9; NF^ jc fcjlutmkm kn mh`lnjtmf`öj L`ss`jb 999.2?0,96 Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc kn snýmh omam njtrmkm knh fmhnjtmkcr kn m`rn. . .
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-??2 . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?26
999.4?0,=6 - NF^ nrrcr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?69 999.2?0,9> - njtrmkm
njtrmkm knh fmhnjtmkcr
fmhnjtmkcr kn m`rn kn omam snýmh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-?6= . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?24
999.4?0,=6 NF^ nrrcr kn k`mbjöst`fc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-?22
Yrcfnk`l`njtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?6= 999.2?0,9> njtrmkm knh fmhnjtmkcr kn m`rn kn snýmh omam
999.4?0,=0 - NF^ kn hm oclom Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?22
Nrrcr kn fcluj`fmf`öj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?6? 999.5=9,9? - Fmhfuhmkc njtrmkm kn vnhcf`kmk knh vneìfuhc
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-?66 Nh ru`kc kn hm snýmh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?59
999.4?0,=0 NF^ kn fcluj`fmf`öj kn hm oclom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-?5=
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc kn nrrcrns. . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?66 999.5=9,9? Fmhfuhmkc njtrmkm kn vnhcf`kmk knh vneìfuhc kn hm
999.46?,9? nrrcr kn f`nrrn kn fcloustòhn. . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?64 snýmh kn ru`kc kn k`mbjöst`fc
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-?62 Yrcfnk`l`njtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?5=
999.46?,9? fcloustòhn
fcloustòhn kn f`nrrn kn nrrcr kn k`mbjöst`fc 999.505,90 - Tnhcf`kmk knh Tneìfuhc
Yrcfnk`l`njtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?62 @jvíh`km / L`ss`jb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?5;

999.46?,9> - fcloustòhn kn f`nrrn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-?5>
Jc dujf`cjmh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?;9
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-?;= Fcjt`jñm nj hm s`bu`njtn píb`jm
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 9;-; ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < ;
Fcjtnj`kc
Yíb`jm Yíb`jm
999.505,90 vnhcf`kmk knh vneìfuhc jc víh`km / L`ss`jb 99=.925,6= - NF^ / oclom lnk`kcrm nxtrnlmkmlnjtn
nxtrnlmkmlnjtn dunrm kn s`jfrcj`zmf`öj.
öj. . . . . . .
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?5> . . . . . . . .9;-=49-6??
999.029,9? - mpmbmkc knh lctcr mux`h`mr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-6?;
Fcjlutmr hm snýmh jc víh`km. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?55 99=.925,6= NF^ / oclom lnk`kcrm Nxtrnlmkmlnjtn
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-?50 Dunrm kn Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc kn s`jfrcj`zmf`öj. . . . . .9;-=49-6?;
Mpmbmkc knh lctcr mux`h`mr 999.029,9? 99=.920,96

99=.920,96 - Vnjscr kn mh`lnjtmf`öj = [njs`öj
Fcjlutmr hm snýmh jc víh`km kn k`mbjöst`fc Mhtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-6?5
Yrcfnk`l`njtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-6?0
999.029,6= - mpmbmkc knh lctcr mux`h`mr 99=.920,96 snjscr kn mh`lnjtmf`öj kn mhtc vchtman =
Fcjlutmr mft`vc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?0? Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-6?0
999.02=,6= - Nxtnrjm lctcr Knrrmtnn 99=.920,9;
99=.920,9; - Vnjscr kn mh`lnjtmf`öj = [njs`öj
Fcjlutmr mft`vc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?06 Omac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-66?
99=.940,9? - [mlmýc kn hcs jnulít`fcs
jnulít`fcs kn nrrcr. . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?0; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-666
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-?0> 99=.920,9; snjscr = Mh`lnjtmf`öj kn tnjs`öj omam 9;
99=.940,9? [mlmýc kn hcs jnulít`fcs kn nrrcr kn k`mbjöst`fc Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-666

Yrcfnk`l`njtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?0> 99=.959,96 - Vnjscr kn mh`lnjtmf`öj kn tnjs`öj ?
99=.924,9? - Oclom kntnftm uj kndnftc. . . . .9;-=49-?04 Mhtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-664

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-?05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-662
99=.924,9? oclom kntnftm uj kndnftc kn k`mbjöst`fc 99=.959,96 snjscr kn hm dunjtn ? kn mhtc vchtman
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-662
Yrcfnk`l`njtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-?05 99=.959,9; - Vnjscr kn mh`lnjtmf`öj kn tnjs`öj ?
99=.922,92 - Nh `jtnjtc kn fcloustòhn s`j
Omac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-6;9
Fclmjkc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-699
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-6;=
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-69=
99=.959,9; snjscr kn mh`lnjtmf`öj kn omam tnjs`öj ?
99=.922,92 Nh `jtnjtc kn fcloustòhn s`j
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-6;=
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc kn fclmjkcs. . . . . . .9;-=49-69=
99=.=90,6= - mpmbmkc knh lctcr kn prctnff`öj
99=.922,== - Oclom kn sul`j`strc kn vchtman kn smh`km
Mkvnrtnjf`m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-6;;
Kn rmjbc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-69?
99=.==9,6= - Yrctnff`öj knh lctcr
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-696
Mpmbmr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-6;>
99=.922,==
99=.922,== oclom kn sul`j`strc kn vchtman dunrm kn
99=.;5>,9? - Dmhhc rnhà kn pctnjf`m kn hm oclom. . .9;-=49-6;4
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc bmlm.
bmlm. . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-696
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-6;2
99=.922,=? - Oclom Nrrcr kn fclprcomf`öj mutclít`fm.
mutclít`fm. . . . . .9;-=49-694
99=.;5>,9? Dmhhc rnhà kn pctnjf`m kn hm oclom
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-692
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-6;2
99=.922,=? Oclom Nrrcr kn fclprcomf`öj mutclít`fm kn k`mbjöst`fc
99=.>40,6= - Fcloustòhn Knrrmtnn. . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-6>?
Yrcfnk`l`njtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-692
99=.922,=0 - Oclom Kntnftmkc 99?.999,=6 - T`chmf`öj kn Vnbur`kmk. . . . . . . . .9;-=49-6>;
Nrrcr kn fcluj`fmf`öj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-695
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-690
99=.922,=0 oclom em kntnftmkc uj nrrcr kn
fcluj`fmf`öj kn k`mbjöst`fc
Yrcfnk`l`njtc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-690
99=.922,6= - Oclom knh lctcr mft`vmkcs
Yrctnff`cj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-6=?
99=.925,92 - NF^ / s`jfrcj`zmf`öj kn hm oclom
Lcknrmkmlnjtn dunrm kn s`jfrcj`zmf`öj. . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-6=;
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-6=4
99=.925,92 NF^ / oclom lnk`kcrm Lcknrmkmlnjtn
Dunrm kn Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc kn s`jfrcj`zmf`öj. . . . . .9;-=49-6=4
99=.925,== - NF^ / oclom kn vnhcf`kmk knh lctcr dunrm kn s`jfrcj`zmf`öj. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9;-=49-6=5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;-=49-6=0
99=.925,== NF^ / lctcr kn oclom kn vnhcf`kmk kn smh`km
Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc kn Vyjf. . . . . . . . .9;-=49-6=0 F[L=29
(=;LMP96) 9;-> ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < >
Fcjtnj`kc
9;
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 9;-4 ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
9>=;96
YJ < 4
brupc =>9
K`mbjöst`fc y prunoms cosnrvmohns
Mfnrfm kn nstn Brupc knh Lmjumh
Nstm snff`öj knh lmjumh fcjt`njn hm `jdcrlmf`öj jnfnsmr`m pmrm nh k`mbjöst`fc - D? - Nh fcjsulc nxfns`vc kn fcloustòhn
cosnrvmohns y prcfnk`l`njtcs kn prunom rnhmf`cjmkcs fcj nh fcloustòhn. - D6 - Nj Dunh C`h
^t`h`fn nstm `jdcrlmf`öj aujtc fcj nh ;.> H y 4.5 H lctcrns K`nsnh Njb`jn Omsn - D; - Mh`lnjtmf`öj kn fcloustòhn Fenfg - J`vnh ?
Lmjumh (F[L =9;). Brupc =>9 sn k`v`kn nj kcs írnms1 nh k`mbjöst`fc kn dmhhcs - D> - @jynff`öj kn Fcloustòhn [nst kn `jynftcrns
kn dujf`cjml`njtc y prcfnk`l`njtcs kn prunom. Hm zcjm kn lmh dujf`cjml`njtc • (_N) K`mbjöst`fc kn Dmhhcs kn scdtwmrn kn k`mbjöst`fc
k`mbjöst`fc11
K`mbjöst`fc kn sn k`v`kn mk`f`cjmhlnjtn nj hcs s`bu`njtns tìtuhcs, qun fcjt`njn - K= - NF^ jc sn fcluj`
fcluj`fm
fm fcj nh
nh ecrmr`c
ecrmr`c kn vnrmjc
vnrmjc c nh
nh fcjsuhtc
fcjsuhtcrr
hcs s`bu`njtns sìjtclms cosnrvmohns1 kn snrv`f`cs •
- K? - Lnk`kc
Lnk`kcrr kn k`mbj
k`mbjöst`f
öst`fc
c jc sn
sn fcluj`fm
fcluj`fm fcj hmhm NF^
• (^J) Nh k`mbjöst`fc kn mvnrìms kn mkl`s`öj fmhnjtmkcr kn m`rn1

JC[M1 V`bm nh prcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc kn uj mft`vc c - M= - fmhnjtmkcr kn mkl`s`öj kn m`rn fclprcomr hcs prcfnk`l`njtcs pmrm nh
mhlmfnjmkc K[F mjtns kn snbu`r fumhqu`nr prcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc kn mhbujcs kn hcs sìjtclms mjtnr`crns sn dcrlmtnmj kn tmh lmjnrm qun sn
k`mbjöst`fc cosnrvmohn. rnfcl`njkm ujm prunom c rnpmrmf`öj, m fcjt`jumf`öj, nj omsn m hcs rnsuhtmkcs sn
rnfcl`njkm ctrm prunom c rnpmrmf`öj. Ctrcs sìjtclms scj dcrlmtnmkcs nj uj sìjtclm
9;
JC[M1 Ymrm k`mbjcst`fmr hcs sìjtclms cosnrvmohns nj hcs lctcrns - Dcrlmtc kn schuf`öj - prcohnlm. Nj nstcs sìjtclms, hcs prcohnlms sn mrrnbhmj nj nh =>9 =
fcj uj s`stnlm kn fcloustòhn lnfíj`fm, vnr ;.> H & 4.5 H lís prcomohn c lís díf`h kn fclprcomr nj pr`lnr hubmr. Hcs sìjtclms k`spunstcs nj
lctcrns K`nsnh Lnfemj`fmh Dunh Vystnls Lmjumh (F[L ?92). mlocs dcrlmtcs sn rnd`nrnj m prcfnk`l`njtcs kn njsmyc nj hm snbujkm pmrtn kn nstm
snff`öj. Hm snbujkm pmrtn kn nstn lmjumh snff`öj fcjt`njn hcs s`bu`njtns
prcfnk`l`njtcs kn prunom1
• (L@) K`mbjöst`fc kn Dmhhcs Bnjnrmhns knh lctcr1
- N= - Lct
Lctcr
cr O`nh
O`nhms
ms / jc fcln
fclnjzm
jzmrí
rí
- N? - Dmhhcs kn lctcr / dujf`cjm kn dcrlm `rrnbuhmr
- N6 - lctcr jc knsmr
knsmrrchhm
rchhm pctn
pctnjf`m
jf`m fclph
fclphntm
ntm
- N; - Vn nl`tn nxfns`vc knh lctcr jnbrc kn eulc kn nsfmpn • Yrcfnk`l`njtcs kn prunom kn fcloustòhn V`stnlm1
- Tnr`d`fmf`öj kn hm fmh`kmk kn sul`j`strc kn fcloustòhn - J`vnh =
- N> - Vn nl`tn eulc nxfns`
nxfns`vc
vc knh
knh lctcr
lctcr Jnbrc
Jnbrc c br`s
br`s - Tnr`d`fmf`öj kn hm fmh`kmk kn sul`j`strc kn fcloustòhn - J`vnh ?
- Yrunom kn krnjman kn fcloustòhn Tchvnr
- N4 - Nh
Nh lct
lctcr
cr jc b`
b`rm
rm - Yrunom kn M`rn nj nh fcloustòhn - J`vnh =
- N2 - lctcr dujf`cjm m rmhnjtì lmh - Yrunom kn M`rn nj nh fcloustòhn - J`vnh ?
- N5 - _u`k
_u`kc
c mjcr
mjcrlmh
lmh knh lct
lctcr
cr - Fclprcomr hm prns`öj kn sul`j`strc kn fcloustòhn
- N=9 - mjmhöb
mjmhöb`fc
`fc knh
knh mfnhnrm
mfnhnrmkcr
kcr (O)
(O) rnspcjk
rnspcjknj
nj jc - Yurbmr nh s`stnlm kn fcloustòhn
• (D) K`mbjöst`fc kn Dmhhcs knh s`stnlm kn fcloustòhn1 - Ymrm prunom kn dmhhcs kn njfnjk`kc knh f`h`jkrc (lctcr nj lmrfem)
- D= - Mh`lnjtmf`öj kn fcloustòhn Fenfg - J`vnh =
Nh fcjsuhtcr kn snrv`f`cs ns ujm lmrfm rnb`strmkm kn Knnrn & Fclpmjy KYVB, _B;95>;,>=? -=0-=2CF[9?-= / =
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 9;-=>9-= ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < =6>
N= - Lctcr O`nhms / jc fclnjzmrí
_B;=??=,9999==5
_B;=??=,9999==5 -=0-=2CF[9?-= / =
N= - Lctcr O`nhms / ³Jc Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc kn `j`f`c
JC[M1 Nstn prcfnk`l`njtc sn mph`fm m hcs lctcrns fcj uj`kmkns kn fcjtrch kn lctcrns Acej Knnrn (NF^). Nstn prcfnk`l`njtc knon ut`h`zmrsn s` hm vnhcf`kmk knh lctcr kn
mrrmjqun nstí o`nj, pnrc nh lctcr jc mrrmjfm, c söhc sn `j`f`m knspuàs kn b`rmr kn dcrlm fcjt`jum. V` nh lctcr jc mrrmjfm, kntnrl`jmr prcohnlm nj nh s`stnlm kn mrrmjqun /
fmrbm.
9;
=>9
?
- - - =/=
= N= - Yrnh`l`jmr Mjtns kn ut`h`zmr nstn prcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc, msnbñrnsn kn qun1 Jc sn njfcjtrmrcj prcohnlms1
Fenqun @_ ?
=. Msnbñrnsn kn qun hm fmh`kmk y hm fmjt`kmk kn fcloustòhn nstíj o`nj. Fcjsuhtn Fclprcomr V^L@J@V[_C KN FCLO^V[@OHN KN HM FMH@KMK
- J@TNH = c fclprcomf`öj knh fcloustòhn FMH@KMK KN V^L@J@V[_C - J@TNH ? lís mknhmjtn nj nstn brupc. Yrcohnlm njfcjtrö1
Hm rnpmrmf`öj y vchvnr m prcomr
?. Msnbñrnsn kn qun hm vnhcf`kmk knh lctcr kn mrrmjqun nstí o`nj. Tnr prunom knh lctcr hm vnhcf`kmk kn mrrmjqun nj nh Brupc
=>9 kn ;,> H & 4.5 H lctcrns K`nsnh Omsn lctcr Lmjumh (F[L =9;).
6. Msnbñrnsn kn qun hm v`sfcs`kmk knh mfn`tn ns fcrrnftm.
;. Tnr`d`fmr nh dujf`cjml`njtc knh fmhnjtmkcr kn m`rn nj tnlpnrmturms drìms. Tnr M= - NJ[_MKM KN M@_N KN HM NV[^DM Fclprunon mknhmjtn nj
nstn brupc.
- - - =/=
? Yrunom K[F mft`vc =. Fcjnftmr nh ecrmr`c kn vnrmjc c nh fcjsuhtcr kn snrv`f`cs •. Ymrm cotnjnr `jstruff`cjns scorn hm fcjnx`öj m hm Jc emy K[Fs mft`vcs prnsnjtns1
Nh ecrmr`c kn vnrmjc c nh fcjsuhtcr kn snrv`f`cs •• fcjsuhtn Fcjnx`öj m hm nxphcrmf`öj kn k`mbjöst`fc kn hm enrrml`njtm (KV[) C @_ 6
VN_T@F@C MKT@VC_ • nj nh Brupc =49 lís mknhmjtn nj nstn lmjumh.
K[F (s) mft`vms prnsnjtns1
?. Njfnjk`kc CJ, CDD knh lctcr K`mbjcst`fmr K[F mft`vcs pr`lnrc. V`
mhbujc kn hcs K[F t`njnj uj VYJ kn
6. @j`f`mr nh scdtwmrn kn k`mbjöst`fc NF^ 464 c 462 `r m hcs pr`lnrcs.
;. Emfnr b`rmr nh lctcr kurmjtn => snbujkcs
>. Hnnr K[F ut`h`zmjkc nh ecrmr`c kn vnrmjc c nh fcjsuhtcr kn snrv`f`cs •. Jc sn punkn fcluj`fmr fcj hm ^j`kmk kn
Fcjtrch1
Tnr tmohm kn k`mbjöst`fc K= NF^ JC

fcluj`fmrsn fcj KV[ C VN_T@F@C
MKT@VC_ • lís mknhmjtn nj nstn
brupc.
Nh fcjsuhtcr kn snrv`f`cs ns ujm lmrfm rnb`strmkm kn Knnrn & Fclpmjy - - - =/=
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 9;-=>9-? ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < =64
6 Ycs`f`öj kn hm oclom y =. @j`f`mr nh mrrmjqun knh lctcr V`j pcs`f`öj kn hm oclom c nh ru`kc
@jk`fmkcrns kn pcs`f`öj knh kn pcs`f`öj knh f`bønýmh y nh nstmkc
f`bønýmh kn prunom ?. V` o`nj nh mrrmjqun cosnrvmr hm pcs`f`öj kn hm oclom kn ru`kc, nh ru`kc lmj`vnhm, y nh nstmkc kn lmj`vnhm. Tnr Oclom kn lmj`vnhm mhfmjzm =>1
Ycs`f`öj / pmrílntrcs kn pcs`f`öj knh f`bønýmh. Ymrm ujm nxph`fmf`öj kn nstcs pmrílntrcs, fcjsuhtn hcs kmtcs kn
pmrílntrcs KNVF_@YF@ÖJ nj nh Brupc =49. @_ >
_u`kc kn hm oclom c kn hm pcs`f`öj knh

f`bønýmh c nh nstmkc kn lmj`vnhm jc
hhnbm m =>1
@_ ;
- - - =/=
; Nh fmohnmkc knh vneìfuhc @jspnff`cjmr nh vneìfuhc pmrm pcsòhns dmhhcs qun punknj fmusmr fumhqu`nrm kn hcs s`bu`njtns1
`jspnff`öj Fclprunon
9;
=. Lmhms fcjnx`cjns nhàftr`fms
=>9 6
?. snjscrns kmýmkcs vnhcf`kmk knh lctcr
6. NL@ kn dcrlm `jfcrrnftm `jstmhmf`öj kn nqu`pcs kn rmk`c, u ctrcs k`spcs`t`vcs nhnftröj`fcs
;. ^jm vnz kntnftmkc nh prcohnlm, hm rnpmrmf`öj y vchvnr m prcomr.
- - - =/=
> Fmhnjtmkcr kn m`rn Fclprcomr Tnr`d`fmr qun nh fmhnjtmkcr kn m`rn nstí dujf`cjmjkc fcrrnftmlnjtn. Tnr M= - NJ[_MKM KN M@_N KN HM NV[^DM Fclprunon mknhmjtn nj dujf`cjns knh fmhnjtmkcr kn m`rn
nstn brupc. fcrrnftmlnjtn1
@_ 4
fmhnjtmkcr kn m`rn jc hc emfn

fcrrnftmlnjtn dujf`cjns1
fmhnjtmkcr kn m`rn kn rnpmrmf`öj y
rntnst.
- - - =/=
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 9;-=>9-6 ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < =62
4 Yrnsnjtn fcloustòhn nj _nmh`zmr s`bu`njtn prcfnk`l`njtc pmrm fclprcomr pmrm nh fcloustòhn nj hm ocqu`hhm kn `jynff`öj1 fecrrcs fcenrnjtns kn fcloustòhn
@jynftcrns kn bms cosnrvmrcj1
Fclprcomr @_ 5
Y_NFM^F@ÖJ1 Nsfmpmr prns`öj omac kn dhu`kc punkn pnjntrmr hm p`nh y fmusmr hns`cjns brmvns. Lmjtnjbm
hms lmjcs y nh funrpc mhnamkcs kn tuo`tcs y ocqu`hhms qun pckrìm `jynftmr dhu`kcs m mhtm prns`öj. Jc cosnrvmr fecrrcs fcenrnjtns
kn fcloustòhn1
V` sn `jynftm F^MH]^@N_ dhu`kc nj hm p`nh, sn knon nxt`rpmr qu`rñrb`fmlnjtn knjtrc kn ujms pcfms ecrms pcr @_ 2
uj làk`fc dml`h`mr`zmkc fcj nstn t`pc kn hns` öj punkn prckuf`rsn bmjbrnjm. Hcs làk`fcs jc nstíj
dml`h`mr`zmkcs fcj nstn t`pc kn hns `cjns punknj hhmlmr mh Knpmrtmlnjtc Làk`fc kn Knnrn y Fclpmjy nj
Lch`jn, @hh`jc`s, u ctrc fnjtrc làk`fc nspnf`mh`zmkc.
=. Nh usc kn kcs hhmvns kn ocfm, fcjnx`öj kn hìjnm kn fcloustòhn mdhcan nj ujm kn hms ocqu`hhms kn `jynff`öj.
?. Emfnr b`rmr nh lctcr kurmjtn nh snbu`l`njtc kn hm fcjnx`öj mdhcamkc pcr fecrrcs fcenrnjtns kn fcloustòhn.
6. Tchvnr m mprntmr hm fcjnx`öj nj hm ocqu`hhm fcj hm nspnf`d`fmf`öj.

9;
=>9 Nspnf`d`fmf`öj
; Hm `jynff`öj kn fcloustòhn kn hm ocqu`hhm kn njtrnbm kn pmr hìjnms-
.................................................................................................... ?2 J • l (?9 h o-dt)

- - - =/=
2 Mh`lnjtmf`öj kn fcloustòhn Fclprunon nh s`stnlm kn sul`j`strc kn fcloustòhn.

fcloustòhn. Tnr D= - V^L@J@V[_C KN FCLO^V[@OHN V@V[NLM KN FCJ[_CH - J`vnh = c D; - V^L@J@V[_C KN s`stnlm kn sul`j`strc kn fcloustòhn
Fenqun FCLO^V[@OHN V@V[NLM KN FCJ[_CH - J@TNH ? lís mknhmjtn nj nstn brupc. prcohnlm kn hm rnpmrmf`öj y vchvnr m prcomr nstí o`nj1
@_ 5
Fcloustòhn prcohnlm nj nh s`stnlm
kn sul`j`strc njfcjtrö1
fcloustòhn prcohnlm rnpmrmf`öj s`stnlm kn
mh`lnjtmf`öj y vunhvm m prcomr.
- - - =/=
5 Mkl`s`öj y kn nsfmpn Fclprunon s` emy rnstr`ff`cjns kn mkl`s`öj y nsfmpn. Fcjsuhtn [NV[ YM_M mkl`s`öj y kn nsfmpn _NV[_@FF@CJNV nj [ckcs hcs fclpcjnjtns qun
rnstr`ff`cjns kn prunom nh Brupc =>9 kn ;.> H y 4.5 H lctcrns K`nsnh Njb`jn Omsn Lmjumh (F[L =9;). dujf`cjmj fcrrnftmlnjtn1
@_ 0
Hms rnstr`ff`cjns sn njfunjtrmj1

_npmrmf`öj kn fclpcjnjtns kndnftucscs y
vchvnr m prcomr.
- - - =/=
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 9;-=>9-; ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < =65
0 [nst kn fclprnjs`öj =. _nmh`zmr hm prunom kn fclprns`öj. Ymrm cotnjnr `jstruff`cjns, fcjsuhtn hms `jstruff`cjns kn prunom knh [ckcs hcs f`h`jkrcs sn fmh`d`fö fclc
lctcr - prunom kn fclprns`öj nj nh Brupc =49 kn nstn lmjumh. knjtrc knh =9% nh ujc knh ctrc1
?. [clm jctm kn hcs rnsuhtmkcs. @_ =9
^jc c lís f`h`jkrcs sn fmh`d`fö

fclc =9% c lís omac qun nh
rnstc1
@_ ==
- - - =/=
=9 @jynff`öj kn fcloustòhn Yrunom kn ocqu`hhms kn `jynff`öj kn fcloustòhn. Tnr D> - @JPNFF@ÖJ KN FCLO^V[@OHN @JPNF[C_NV lís mknhmjtn nj nstn brupc. @jynftcrns kn bms kn prunom
Fclprcomr ocqu`hhms ounjm1
9;
oclom kn `jynff`öj kndnftucsm. [njnr
=>9 >
oclom kn `jynff`öj rnpmrmkc pcr uj
rnpmrmf`cjns kn lctcrns k`nsnh c
rnnlphmzmr hm oclom.
ocqu`hhm kn `jynff`öj
kndnftucsm (s) njfcjtrmkcs1

_npmrmr c rnnlphmzmr hms tconrms kn
`jynff`öj. Tnr OC]^@HHMV nh`l`jmr nh
fcloustòhn kn `jynff`öj nj hm Vnff`öj
9?, Brupc 909 mjtnr`crlnjtn nj nstn
lmjumh.
- - - =/=
== Mrcs kn p`stöj Fclprcomr JC[M1 Jc ut`h`fn knlms`mkc mfn`tn. JC fcjsnbu`r nh mfn`tn nj hms víhvuhms. Yrns`öj kn fclprns`öj nstí knjtrc
kn hm nspnf`d`fmf`öj1
=. Mph`qun mfn`tn m hm zcjm kn mj`hhc kn p`stöj m trmvàs kn cr`d`f`c kn hm tconrm kn `jynff`öj. Tnr OC]^@HHMV nh`l`jmr nh fcloustòhn @_ =;
kn `jynff`öj nj hm Vnff`öj 9?, Brupc 909 kn nstn lmjumh.
Yrns`öj kn fclprns`öj jc nstí
?. _ntnst hm prns`öj kn fclprns`öj. knjtrc kn hm nspnf`d`fmf`öj1
@_ =?
- - - =/=
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 9;-=>9-> ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < =60
=? Fclprcomr hm víhvuhm Hmse Fclprunon aunbc kn hm víhvuhm. Tnr fclprcomr y maustmr TMHT^HM echburm nj hm Vnff`öj 9?, B rupc 9?9 kn ;.> H y 4.5 Tíhvuhm kn hms pnstmýms ns knjtrc kn
H lctcrns k`nsnh Lmjumh Omsn knh lctcr (F[L=9;). hm nspnf`d`fmf`öj1
@_ =6
nh aunbc kn víhvuhms nj ujm c lís

víhvuhms nstí dunrm kn
nspnf`d`fmf`öj1
Maustn aunbc kn hm víhvuhm y
rntnst.
- - - =/=
=6 Tíhvuhm kn rntnjf`öj kn nhnvmf`öj Fclprunon nhnvmf`öj kn hm víhvuhm. Tnr H@D[ LNK@KM víhvuhm nj hm Vnff`öj 9?, Brupc 9?9 kn ;.> H y 4.5 H lctcrns K`nsnh Msfnjscr nj tckms hms víhvuhms knjtrc kn hms
Omsn Lmjumh knh Lctcr (F[L=9;). nspnf`d`fmf`cjns1

9;
@_ =;
=>9
4
Msfnjscr nj ujm c lís
nspnf`d`fmf`öj1
_nstmohnfnr hm mutcr`zmf`öj pmrm hm
nspnf`d`fmf`öj knspuàs kn lnk`r
msfnjscr. Tnr fclprcomr y maustmr

TMHT^HM echburm nj hm Vnff`öj 9?,
Brupc 9?9 kn
;.> H y 4.5 H lctcrns k`nsnh

Omsn Lmjumh knh Lctcr
(F[L=9;).
- - - =/=
=; Y`stcjns, mj`hhcs, Nj nstn pujtc, hm fmusm lís prcomohn kn hm omam prns`öj kn fclprns`öj knh lctcr ns ujc kn hcs s`bu`njtns dmhhcs nj nh p`stöj, Yrcohnlm njfcjtrö fcj p`stcjns,
Fml`sms kn f`h`jkrc mj`hhcs, y hcs rnvnst`l`njtcs / c f`h`jkrcs c nj hms buìms kn víhvuhm. Fclprunon hcs nhnlnjtcs lís prcomohn, snbñj snm jnfnsmr`c1 mj`hhcs, y / c rnvnst`l`njtcs c buìms
Fclprcomr kn víhvuhms1
prcohnlms kn rnpmrmf`öj, snbñj snm
• mj`hhcs kn fcjtrch kn mfn`tn usmkc c rctc jnfnsmr`c.
• dcrrcs c p`stcjns kn hcs f`h`jkrcs Lmrfmkcs

• rmjurms kn hcs snblnjtcs nxfns`vc kn knsbmstn
• Y`stöj mj`hhcs qun sn pnbm nj rmjurms kn hcs mj`hhcs
• tnjs`öj kn mj`hhc kn p`stöj `jsud`f`njtn
• eunfcs knh mj`hhc kn p`stöj jc nsfmhcjmkcs
• Fml`sms kn f`h`jkrc v`kr`cscs (fmrbm `jsud`f`njtn kurmjtn nh rckman knh lctcr)
• buìms kn víhvuhms knsbmstmkms c tmhhcs
• fuhmtm punkn jnfns`tmr kn rnmfcjk`f`cjml`njtc
- - - =/=

9>=;96
YJ < =;9
N? - Dmhhcs kn lctcr / dujf`cjm kn dcrlm `rrnbuhmr
_B;=??=,9999==0
_B;=??=,9999==0 -=0-=2CF[9?-= / =
N? - Dmhhcs kn lctcr / _ujs Yrcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc `rrnbuhmr
- - - =/=
= N? - Yrnh`l`jmr Mjtns kn ut`h`zmr nstn prcfnk`l`njtc kn k`mbjöst`fc, rnmh`fn hms s`bu`njtns fclprcomf`cjns qun pckrìmj fmusmr c snr fcjdujk`kc fclc L`ss Jc sn njfcjtrmrcj prcohnlms1
Fenqun / lmrfem `rrnbuhmr1 @_ ?

9;
=>9 2
=. Fclprunon s` emy dubms kn m`rn knh fchnftcr kn mkl`s`öj Yrcohnlm njfcjtrö1
Hm rnpmrmf`öj y vchvnr m prcomr
?. Fclprunon s` emy prcohnlms lnfíj`fcs
6. Fclprunon s` emy prcohnlms kn trmjsl`s`öj
;. Fclprunon s` hcs mffnscr`cs knh lctcr, tmhns fclc M / F, fclphntmjkc uj f`fhc kn njfnjk`kc y mpmbmkc
>. Fclprunon s` nx`stnj `jtnrdnrnjf`ms nhnftrclmbjàt`fms (NL@) kn rmk`cs `jstmhmkcs `jfcrrnftmlnjtn ntf.
- - - =/=
? Yrunom K[F mft`vc =. Fcjnftmr nh ecrmr`c kn vnrmjc c nh fcjsuhtcr kn snrv`f`cs •. Ymrm cotnjnr `jstruff`cjns scorn hm fcjnx`öj m hm V`j K[F mft`vcs1
Nh ecrmr`c kn vnrmjc c nh fcjsuhtcr kn snrv`f`cs •• fcjsuhtn Fcjnx`öj m h m nxphcrmf`öj kn k`mbjöst`fc kn hm enrrml`njtm (KV[) C @_ 6
VN_T@F@C MKT@VC_ • nj nh Brupc =49 lís mknhmjtn nj nstn lmjumh.
K[F mft`vc prnsnjtn1
?. Njfnjk`kc CJ, CDD knh lctcr K[F k`mbjcst`fmr. V` mhbujc kn hcs
K[F t`njnj uj VYJ kn 464 c 462,
6. @j`f`mr nh scdtwmrn kn k`mbjöst`fc NF^ k`mbjcst`fmr hcs pr`lnrcs
;. Njfnjk`kc CJ, lctcr nj rmhnjtì
>. Hnnr K[F ut`h`zmjkc nh ecrmr`c kn vnrmjc c nh fcjsuhtcr kn snrv`f`cs •.
Nh fcjsuhtcr kn snrv`f`cs ns ujm lmrfm rnb`strmkm kn Knnrn & Fclpmjy - - - =/=
6 _njk`l`njtc kn lctcr =. Njfnjk`kc CJ, lctcr mh rmhnjtì. Jc nstí nj nanfuf`öj nj orutc1
Yrunom @_ ;
?. [njnr nj funjtm nh rnjk`l`njtc knh lctcr.
Fcrrnr nj orutc1
@_ 4
- - - =/=

9>=;96
YJ < =;=
; rnfrnmr hms fcjk`f`cjns Emfnr dujf`cjmr nh lctcr nj fcjk`f`cjns nj hms qun sn prckufn nh L`ss / qunam lmrfem `rrnbuhmr. Fcrrnr nj orutc1
@_ >
Jc nstí nj nanfuf`öj nj orutc1
Jc sn njfunjtrm nh prcohnlm,
vnr`d`qun qunam y trmtmr kn rnprckuf`r
hms fcjk`f`cjns kn L`ss / qunam
lmrfem `rrnbuhmr.
- - - =/=
> Yrunom K[F mft`vc =. Njfnjk`kc CJ, lctcr nj rmhnjtì V`j K[F mft`vcs1
@_ 4
9;
?. Hnnr K[F
=>9
K[F mft`vc prnsnjtn1
5
K[F k`mbjcst`fmr. V` mhbujc kn hcs
K[F t`njnj uj VYJ kn 464 c 462, nh
k`mbjöst`fc kn hcs pr`lnrcs.
- - - =/=
4 Nh drmfmsc aujtm kn hm fuhmtm Fclprcomr s` emy dmhhcs kn hm aujtm kn fuhmtm fcjaujtms. Tnr kntnftmr ujm mvnrìm kn aujtm kn fuhmtm nj nh Brupc =>9 kn ;.> H Jc emy snýmhns kn dmhhc kn hm aujtm kn
Yrunom y 4.5 H lctcrns K`nsnh Njb`jn Omsn Lmjumh (F[L =9;). fuhmtm1
@_ 2
Hcs s`bjcs kn `jsud`f`njf`m kn aujtm kn
fuhmtm njfcjtrmkcs1
_nnlphmzmr aujtm kn fuhmtm y vchvnr m prcomr.
- - - =/=
2 f`h`jkrc dmhhc kn njfnjk`kc _nmh`fn hm prunom kn dmhhc kn njfnjk`kc knh f`h`jkrc. Ymrm cotnjnr `jstruff`cjns, fcjsuhtn hms `jstruff`cjns kn prunom kn lctcrns - F@H@JK_C DMHHC KN dmhhcs kn njfnjk`kc kn hcs f`h`jkrcs `jk`v`kumhns1
Fenqun NJFNJK@KC KN Y_^NOM nj hm Vnff`öj 9;, Brupc =49 mjtnr`crlnjtn nj nstn lmjumh. @_ 5
_mjkcl c tckcs hcs dmhhcs kn njfnjk`kc knh
f`h`jkrc1
Tnr D= - V^L@J@V[_C KN FCLO^V[@OHN
V@V[NLM KN FCJ[_CH - J`vnh = c D; -
V^L@J@V[_C KN FCLO^V[@OHN V@V[NLM
KN FCJ[_CH - J@TNH ? nj nstn brupc.
- - - =/=

9>=;96
YJ < =;?
5 Fclprns`öj Fclprunon hm prns`öj kn fclprns`öj. Tnr @JV[_^FF@CJNV KN FCLY_NV@ÖJ KNH LC[C_ KN Y_^NOM KN Yrns`öj kn fclprns`öj knjtrc kn
Fcjtrchmr hm prns`öj Y_^NOM nj hm Vnff`öj 9;, Brupc =49 lís mknhmjtn nj nstn lmjumh. hm nspnf`d`fmf`öj1
@_ 0

knjtrc kn hm nspnf`d`fmf`öj1
@_ =?
- - - =/=
0 Mh`lnjtmf`öj kn fcloustòhn Fclprunon nh s`stnlm kn sul`j`strc kn fcloustòhn.

fcloustòhn. Tnr D= - V^L@J@V[_C KN FCLO^V[@OHN V@V[NLM KN FCJ[_CH - J`vnh = c D; - V^L@J@V[_C KN V`stnlm kn sul`j`strc kn fcloustòhn nj CG1
Fenqun FCLO^V[@OHN V@V[NLM KN FCJ[_CH - J@TNH ? nj nstn brupc. @_ =9

9;
=>9 0
Fcloustòhn prcohnlm nj nh s`stnlm
kn sul`j`strc njfcjtrö1
fcloustòhn prcohnlm rnpmrmf`öj s`stnlm kn
mh`lnjtmf`öj y vunhvm m prcomr.
- - - =/=
=9 Hìjnm kn sul`j`strc kn fcloustòhn _nmh`fn hcs s`bu`njtns pmscs pmrm kntnrl`jmr s` hms hìjnms kn sul`j`strc kn fcloustòhn nstíj rnstr`jb`kcs1 Hms hìjnms jc nstíj rnstr`jb`kms1
Fenqun @_ ==
=. Knsfcjnftmr hm hìjnm kn sul`j`strc kn fcloustòhn sn scspnfem nj nh nxtrnlc kn hm ocqu`hhm kn `jynff`öj y nh nxtrnlc kn hm oclom kn `jynff`öj.
Hms hìjnms nstíj rnstr`jb`kcs1
_npmrmr c sust`tu`r hms hìjnms y vunhvm m

?. Nh m`rn kn hm dunrzm m trmvàs kn uj nxtrnlc kn hm tuonrìm kn trmjspcrtn. prcomr.
6. V` hm hìjnm kn k`stròuf`öj jc nstí rnstr`jb`kc, nh m`rn fclpr`l`kc knon dhu`r hòrnlnjtn pcr nh ctrc hmkc.
;. V` nh m`rn jc dhuyn hòrnlnjtn, emy rnstr`ff`öj nj hm hìjnm kn fcloustòhn.
- - - =/=

9>=;96
YJ < =;6
== Ocqu`hhm kn `jynff`öj kn fcloustòhn Yrunom kn ocqu`hhms kn `jynff`öj kn fcloustòhn. Tnr D> - @JPNFF@ÖJ KN FCLO^V[@OHN @JPNF[C_NV lís mknhmjtn nj nstn brupc. @jynftcrns kn bms kn prunom CG1
Fenqun
oclom kn `jynff`öj kndnftucsm. [njnr
oclom kn `jynff`öj rnpmrmkc pcr uj
rnpmrmf`cjns kn lctcrns k`nsnh c
rnnlphmzmr hm oclom.
ocqu`hhm kn `jynff`öj
kndnftucsm (s) njfcjtrmkcs1
ocqu`hhm kn `jynff`öj rnpmrmf`öj c

sust`tuf`öj (s). Tnr OC]^@HHMV nh`l`jmr
nh fcloustòhn kn `jynff`öj nj hm
Vnff`öj 9?, Brupc 909 mjtnr`crlnjtn nj
nstn lmjumh.
9;
=>9
=9
- - - =/=
=? Mrcs kn p`stöj Fclprcomr JC[M1 Jc ut`h`fn knlms`mkc mfn`tn. JC fcjsnbu`r nh mfn`tn nj hms víhvuhms. Yrns`öj kn fclprns`öj nstí knjtrc
kn hm nspnf`d`fmf`öj1
=. Mph`qun mfn`tn m hm zcjm kn mj`hhc kn p`stöj m trmvàs kn cr`d`f`c kn hm tconrm kn `jynff`öj. Tnr OC]^@HHMV nh`l`jmr nh fcloustòhn @_ =>
kn `jynff`öj nj hm Vnff`öj 9?, Brupc 909 kn nstn lmjumh.
?. _ntnst hm prns`öj kn fclprns`öj. knjtrc kn hm nspnf`d`fmf`öj1
@_ =6
- - - =/=
=6 Fclprcomr hm víhvuhm Hmse Fclprunon aunbc kn hm víhvuhm. Tnr fclprcomr y maustmr TMHT^HM echburm nj hm Vnff`öj 9?, B rupc 9?9 kn ;.> H y 4.5 aunbc kn hms víhvuhms knjtrc kn
kn hms
H lctcrns k`nsnh Lmjumh Omsn knh lctcr (LF =9;). nspnf`d`fmf`cjns1

@_ =;
echburm kn hm víhvuhm dunrm kn hms

nspnf`d`fmf`cjns1
Maustn hms víhvuhms snbñj hms

nspnf`d`fmf`cjns y rntnst.
- - - =/=
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 9;-=>9-=9 ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

9>=;96
YJ < =;;
=; Tíhvuhm Nhnvmkcr kn prunom Fclprunon nhnvmf`öj kn hm víhvuhm. Tnr H@D[ LNK@KM víhvuhm nj hm Vnff`öj 9?, Brupc 9?9 kn ;.> H y 4.5 H lctcrns K`nsnh Msfnjscr nj tckms hms víhvuhms knjtrc kn hms
Omsn Lmjumh knh Lctcr (F[L=9;). nspnf`d`fmf`cjns1
@_ =>
Msfnjscr nj ujm c lís

nspnf`d`fmf`öj1
_nstmohnfnr hm mutcr`zmf`öj pmrm hm
nspnf`d`fmf`öj knspuàs kn lnk`r
msfnjscr. Tnr fclprcomr y maustmr
TMHT^HM echburm nj hm Vnff`öj 9?,
Brupc 9?9 kn
;.> H y 4.5 H lctcrns k`nsnh

Omsn Lmjumh knh Lctcr
(F[L=9;).
9;
=>9
==
- - - =/=
=> Mj`hhcs kn p`stöj, Nj nstn pujtc, hm fmusm lís prcomohn kn hm omam prns`öj kn fclprns`öj knh lctcr ns ujc kn hcs s`bu`njtns dmhhcs nj nh p`stöj, Yrcohnlm njfcjtrö fcj p`stcjns,
Fml`sm knh f`h`jkrc Fclprcomr mj`hhcs, y hcs rnvnst`l`njtcs / c f`h`jkrcs c nj hms buìms kn víhvuhm. Fclprunon hcs nhnlnjtcs lís prcomohn, snbñj snm jnfnsmr`c1 mj`hhcs, y / c rnvnst`l`njtcs c buìms
kn víhvuhms1
prcohnlms kn rnpmrmf`öj, snbñj snm
• mj`hhcs kn fcjtrch kn mfn`tn usmkc c rctc jnfnsmr`c.
• dcrrcs c p`stcjns kn hcs f`h`jkrcs Lmrfmkcs

• rmjurms kn hcs snblnjtcs nxfns`vc kn knsbmstn
• Y`stöj mj`hhcs qun sn pnbm nj rmjurms kn hcs mj`hhcs
• tnjs`öj kn mj`hhc kn p`stöj `jsud`f`njtn
• eunfcs knh mj`hhc kn p`stöj jc nsfmhcjmkcs
• Fml`sms kn f`h`jkrc v`kr`cscs (fmrbm `jsud`f`njtn kurmjtn nh rckman knh lctcr)
• buìms kn víhvuhms knsbmstmkms c tmhhcs
• fuhmtm punkn jnfns`tmr kn rnmfcjk`f`cjml`njtc
- - - =/=
F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 9;-=>9-== ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloustòhn

Appendix I JD Service Manual CTM 170 101 150 en Es DL

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Appendix I JD Service Manual CTM 170 101 150 en Es DL

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Cpnrmf`öj knh s`stnlm kn fcloust`ohn nhnftröj`fm

Dujf`cjml`njtc knh s`stnlm kn fcloust`ohn - J`vnh ?

Hm oclom kn `jynff`öj kn fcloust`ohn mulnjtm

F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=69-; ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloust`ohn

Cpnrmf`öj knh s`stnlm kn fcloust`ohn nhnftröj`fm

D`htrc kn fcloust`ohn pr`lmr`c Cpnrmf`öj - J`vnh =

Tnm hm tmohm kn lctcr kn mph`fmf`öj nj nh Brupc 99= mjtnr`crlnjtn

D`htrc kn fcloust`ohn pr`lmr`c Cpnrmf`öj - J`vnh ?

Tnm hm tmohm kn lctcr kn mph`fmf`öj nj nh Brupc 99= mjtnr`crlnjtn

JC[M1 Mhbujms mph`fmf`cjns ut`h`zmj nh J`vnh ? lcjtmkc uj fcjtrch rnlctc

M-pr`lmr`m D`htrc kn fcloust`ohn D`htrc kn njtrmkm kn

F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=69-> ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloust`ohn

Cpnrmf`öj knh s`stnlm kn fcloust`ohn nhnftröj`fm

D`jmh kn d`htrc kn fcloust`ohn Cpnrmf`öj - J`vnh =

Tnm hm tmohm kn lctcr kn mph`fmf`öj nj nh Brupc 99= mjtnr`crlnjtn

Nh nhnlnjtc kn d`htrc nstí mhcamkc nj uj funjfc kn snk`lnjtcs uj`kc m hm omsn fcj uj

Nhnlnjtc N-[mpöj kn krnjman D-Oclom kn

kn fcloust`ohn O-Vnjscr F-K-njtrmkm kn

F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=69-4 ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloust`ohn

Cpnrmf`öj knh s`stnlm kn fcloust`ohn nhnftröj`fm

D`jmh kn d`htrc kn fcloust`ohn Cpnrmf`öj - J`vnh ?

Tnm hm tmohm kn lctcr kn mph`fmf`öj nj nh Brupc 99= mjtnr`crlnjtn

fcloust`ohn. Knpnjk`njkc kn hm mph`fmf`öj, hm rutm kn lmyc kn fcloust`ohn m trmvàs kn uj rndr`bnrmkcr =69 2

kn fcloust`ohn mjtns kn hm f`stnrjm.

Nh nhnlnjtc kn d`htrc nstí mhcamkc nj uj funjfc kn snk`lnjtcs uj`kc m hm omsn fcj uj

F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=69-2 ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloust`ohn

Cpnrmf`öj knh s`stnlm kn fcloust`ohn nhnftröj`fm

Dujf`cjml`njtc kn hm oclom kn `jynff`öj kn fcloust`ohn

M-Kr`vnsemdt K-K`str`ou`kcr Nan ^j`kmk kn Fcjtrch D-Oclom E-s`jfrcj`zmf`öj kn hm víhvuhm kn schnjc`kn

Fcjt`jñm nj hm s`bu`njtn píb`jm KYVB, _B6;2=9,==5 -=0-=2CF[9?-= / ?

F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=69-5 ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloust`ohn

Cpnrmf`öj knh s`stnlm kn fcloust`ohn nhnftröj`fm

sn kntnrl`jm pcr hm uj`kmk kn fcjtrch kn hm oclom. =69 0

Hm oclom kn mhtm prns`öj knh p`stöj rmk`mh bnjnrm hm prns`öj kn `jynff`öj

fcjvnrt`kc nj lcv`l`njtc kn rctmf`öj knh mj`hhc kn hnvm.

KYVB, _B6;2=9,==5 -=0-=2CF[9?-? / ?

F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=69-0 ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloust`ohn

Cpnrmf`öj knh s`stnlm kn fcloust`ohn nhnftröj`fm

Cpnrmf`öj kn `jynff`öj kn fcloust`ohn kn hm ocqu`hhm

M-pujtm kn hm ocqu`hhm N-Yrnf`jtc kn Hmvmkcrm @-Mhtc Vnmh L-H`dt [crj`hhc kn maustn

KYVB, _B6;2=9,==0 -=0-90LMP9=-= / =

F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=69-=9 ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloust`ohn

Mfnrfm kn nstn brupc

Nj nstn brupc, nh s`stnlm kn fcjtrch nhnftröj`fc sn knsfr`on nj hms s`bu`njtns

• V`stnlm kn fcjtrch nhnftröj`fc [nrl`jchcbìm

- [nlpnrmturm knh rndr`bnrmjtn knh lctcr (NF[) Vnjscr =;9 =

- Fchnftcr kn m`rn kn tnlpnrmturm (LM[) Vnjscr

- Lckuhmkm nj mjfeurm (YRL) knh mfnhnrmkcr

F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=;9-= ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloust`ohn

Cpnrmf`öj knh V`stnlm kn Fcjtrch Nhnftröj`fc

V`stnlm kn fcjtrch nhnftröj`fc [nrl`jchcbìm

Mulnjtmr prns`öj kn fmrbm kn m`rn nj nh fchnftcr kn mkl`s`öj.

Fcjt`jñm nj hm s`bu`njtn píb`jm _B, _B6;2=9,=>?5 -=0-=2CF[9?-= / ?

F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=;9-? ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloust`ohn

Cpnrmf`öj knh V`stnlm kn Fcjtrch Nhnftröj`fc

TOM[ vchtman kn hm omtnrìm c nh vchtman jc fcjlutmkc.

TVR tnjs`öj fcjlutmkm

_B, _B6;2=9,=>?5 -=0-=2CF[9?-? / ?

Cpnrmf`öj knh V`stnlm kn Fcjtrch Nhnftröj`fc

_B, _B6;2=9,=>69 -=0-=2CF[9?-= / =

F[L=29 (=;LMP96) 96-=;9-6 ;,> H y 4,5 H J`vnh ; V`stnlm kn nhnftröj`fm kn fcloust`ohn

Cpnrmf`öj knh V`stnlm kn Fcjtrch Nhnftröj`fc

Lcj`tcrnc kn hcs pmrílntrcs knh lctcr