Professional Documents
Culture Documents
May 2007
Troubleshooting
1106C Genset
PK (Engine)
Important Safety Information
Most accidents that involve product operation, maintenance and repair are caused by failure to
observe basic safety rules or precautions. An accident can often be avoided by recognizing potentially
hazardous situations before an accident occurs. A person must be alert to potential hazards. This
person should also have the necessary training, skills and tools to perform these functions properly.
Improper operation, lubrication, maintenance or repair of this product can be dangerous and
could result in injury or death.
Do not operate or perform any lubrication, maintenance or repair on this product, until you have
read and understood the operation, lubrication, maintenance and repair information.
Safety precautions and warnings are provided in this manual and on the product. If these hazard
warnings are not heeded, bodily injury or death could occur to you or to other persons.
The hazards are identified by the “Safety Alert Symbol” and followed by a “Signal Word” such as
“DANGER”, “WARNING” or “CAUTION”. The Safety Alert “WARNING” label is shown below.
Index Section
Index ................................................................... 183
KENR6933 5
Troubleshooting Section
Troubleshooting Section
Electronic Troubleshooting
i02755770
System Overview
System Operation
g01178531
Illustration 1
(1) Electronic Unit Injector (6) Primary Speed/Timing Sensor (11) Coolant Temperature Sensor
(2) Solenoid for the Fuel Rail Pump (7) Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor (12) Diagnostic Connector (if equipped)
(3) Wastegate Regulator (if equipped) (8) Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor (13) Electronic Control Module (ECM)
(4) Secondary Speed/Timing Sensor (9) Engine Oil Pressure Sensor
(5) Fuel Rail Pump (10) Intake Manifold Temperature Sensor
6 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
The 1106C Genset was designed for electronic • Speed demand input
control. The engine has an Electronic Control Module
(ECM), a fuel rail pump and electronic unit injectors. At start-up, the ECM determines the top center
All of these items are electronically controlled. There position of the number 1 cylinder from the secondary
are also a number of engine sensors. Turbocharged speed/timing sensor in the fuel rail pump. The ECM
engines can be equipped with an electronically decides when fuel injection should occur relative to
controlled wastegate for the turbocharger. The ECM the top center position. The ECM optimizes engine
controls the engine operating parameters through performance by control of each of the electronic
the software within the ECM and the inputs from the unit injectors so that the required amount of fuel is
various sensors. The software contains parameters injected at the precise point of the engine’s cycle. The
that control the engine operation. The parameters electronic unit injectors are supplied high pressure
include all of the operating maps and customer fuel from the fuel rail. The ECM also provides the
selected parameters. signal to the solenoid in the fuel rail pump. The
solenoid in the fuel rail pump controls a valve in the
The electronic system consists of the ECM, the fuel rail pump. This valve controls the pressure in
engine sensors and inputs from the parent machine. the fuel rail. Fuel that is not required for the engine
The ECM is the computer. The personality module is diverted away from the fuel rail pump back to the
is the software for the computer. The personality fuel tank.
module defines the following characteristics of the
engine: The ECM adjusts injection timing and fuel pressure
for the best engine performance, the best fuel
• Engine power economy and the best control of exhaust emissions.
The actual timing can be viewed with an electronic
• Torque curves service tool. Also, the desired timing can be viewed
with an electronic service tool.
• Engine speed (rpm)
Fuel Injection
• Engine Noise
The personality module inside the ECM sets certain
• Smoke and Emissions limits on the amount of fuel that can be injected.
Engine Speed Governor The Fuel Ratio Control Limit is a limit that is based
on intake manifold air pressure and engine rpm. The
The ECM determines the injection timing, the amount FRC Limit is used to control the air/fuel ratio in order
of fuel that is delivered to the cylinders and the intake to control the engine’s exhaust emissions. When the
manifold pressure if an electronically controlled ECM senses a higher intake manifold air pressure,
wastegate is installed on the turbocharger. These the ECM increases the FRC Limit. A higher intake
decisions are based on the actual conditions and the manifold air pressure indicates that there is more air
desired conditions at any given time. in the cylinder. When the ECM increases the FRC
Limit, the ECM allows more fuel into the cylinder.
The governor has software that compares the desired
engine speed to the actual engine speed. The actual The Rated Fuel Limit is a limit that is based on the
engine speed is determined through the primary power rating of the engine and on the engine rpm.
speed/timing sensor and the secondary speed/timing The Rated Fuel Limit enables the engine power and
sensor. If the desired engine speed is greater than torque outputs to conform to the power and torque
the actual engine speed, the governor injects more curves of a specific engine model.
fuel in order to increase engine speed.
These limits are in the personality module and these
Timing Considerations limits cannot be changed by the operator.
System Configuration Parameters are set at the Code – Refer to “Diagnostic Code” or “Event Code”.
factory. System Configuration Parameters affect
the emissions or the power ratings within the Communication Adapter Tool – The
engine. Factory passwords must be obtained and communication adapter provides a communication
used in order to change the System Configuration link between the ECM and the electronic service tool.
Parameters.
Component Identifier (CID) – The CID is a number
that identifies the specific component of the electronic
Passwords control system that has experienced a diagnostic
code.
System Configuration Parameters are protected by
factory passwords. Factory passwords are calculated
Coolant Temperature Sensor – The coolant
on a computer system that is available only to
temperature sensor detects the engine coolant
Perkins distributors. Since factory passwords contain
temperature for all normal operating conditions and
alphabetic characters, only an electronic service
for engine monitoring.
tool may change System Configuration Parameters.
System Configuration Parameters affect the power
Data Link – The Data Link is a serial communication
rating or the emissions.
port that is used for communication with other devices
such as the electronic service tool.
Refer to Troubleshooting, “Programming Parameters”
and Troubleshooting, “Factory Passwords”.
8 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
Derate – Certain engine conditions will generate Electronic Service Tool – The electronic service
event codes. Also, engine derates may be applied. tool allows a computer (PC) to communicate with the
The map for the engine derate is programmed into ECM.
the ECM software. The derate can be one or more of
3 types: reduction of rated power, reduction of rated Engine Monitoring – Engine Monitoring is the part
engine speed, and reduction of rated machine speed of the electronic engine control that monitors the
for OEM products. sensors. This also warns the operator of detected
problems.
Desired Engine Speed – The desired engine speed
is input to the electronic governor within the ECM. Engine Oil Pressure Sensor – The engine oil
The electronic governor uses the signal from the pressure sensor measures engine oil pressure. The
throttle position sensor, the engine speed/timing sensor sends a signal to the ECM that is dependent
sensor, and other sensors in order to determine the on the engine oil pressure.
desired engine speed.
Engine Speed/Timing Sensor – An engine
Diagnostic Code – A diagnostic code is sometimes speed/timing sensor is a hall effect switch that
referred to as a fault code. These codes indicate an provides a digital signal to the ECM. The ECM
electronic system malfunction. interprets this signal as the crankshaft position and
the engine speed. Two sensors are used to provide
Diagnostic Lamp – A diagnostic lamp is sometimes the speed and timing signals to the ECM. The primary
called the check engine light. The diagnostic lamp sensor is associated with the crankshaft and the
is used to warn the operator of the presence of secondary sensor is associated with the camshaft.
an active diagnostic code. The lamp may not be
included in all applications. Event Code – An event code may be activated
in order to indicate an abnormal engine operating
Digital Sensor Return – The common line (ground) condition. These codes usually indicate a mechanical
from the ECM is used as ground for the digital problem instead of an electrical system problem.
sensors.
Failure Mode Identifier (FMI) – This identifier
Digital Sensors – Digital sensors produce a pulse indicates the type of failure that is associated with
width modulated signal. Digital sensors are supplied the component. The FMI has been adopted from the
with power from the ECM. SAE practice of J1587 diagnostics. The FMI follows
the parameter identifier (PID) in the descriptions of
Digital Sensor Supply – The power supply for the the fault code. The descriptions of the FMIs are in
digital sensors is provided by the ECM. the following list.
Direct Current (DC) – Direct current is the type of 0 – The data is valid but the data is above the normal
current that flows consistently in only one direction. operational range.
DT, DT Connector, or Deutsch DT – This is a type 1 – The data is valid but the data is below the normal
of connector that is used on Perkins engines. The operational range.
connectors are manufactured by Deutsch.
2 – The data is erratic, intermittent, or incorrect.
Duty Cycle – Refer to “Pulse Width Modulation”.
3 – The voltage is above normal or the voltage is
Electronic Engine Control – The electronic shorted high.
engine control is a complete electronic system.
The electronic engine control monitors the engine 4 – The voltage is below normal or the voltage is
operation under all conditions. The electronic engine shorted low.
control also controls the engine operation under all
conditions. 5 – The current is below normal or the circuit is open.
Electronic Control Module (ECM) – The ECM 6 – The current is above normal or the circuit is
is the control computer of the engine. The ECM grounded.
provides power to the electronics. The ECM monitors
data that is input from the sensors of the engine. The 7 – The mechanical system is not responding
ECM acts as a governor in order to control the speed properly.
and the power of the engine.
8 – There is an abnormal frequency, an abnormal
pulse width, or an abnormal time period.
KENR6933 9
Troubleshooting Section
9 – There has been an abnormal update. Full Load Setting (FLS) – The FLS is the parameter
that represents the fuel system adjustment. This
10 – There is an abnormal rate of change. adjustment is made at the factory in order to fine tune
the fuel system. The correct value for this parameter
11 – The failure mode is not identifiable. is stamped on the engine information ratings plate.
This parameter must be programmed.
12 – The device or the component is damaged.
Full Torque Setting (FTS) – The FTS is the
Flash File – This file is software that is inside parameter that represents the adjustment for the
the ECM. The file contains all the instructions engine torque. This adjustment is made at the factory
(software) for the ECM and the file contains the in order to fine tune the fuel system. This adjustment
performance maps for a specific engine. The file may is made in conjunction with the FLS. This parameter
be reprogrammed through flash programming. must be programmed.
Flash Programming – Flash programming is the Glow Plug – The glow plug is an optional starting aid
method of programming or updating an ECM with for cold conditions. One glow plug is installed in each
an electronic service tool over the data link instead combustion chamber in order to improve the ability of
of replacing components. the engine to start. The ECM uses information from
the engine sensors such as the engine temperature
Fuel Injector E-Trim – Fuel injector E-trim is a to determine when the glow plug relay must provide
software process that allows precise control of fuel power to each glow plug. Each of the glow plugs
injectors by parameters that are programmed into then provides a very hot surface in the combustion
the ECM for each fuel injector. With the use of the chamber in order to vaporize the mixture of air and
electronic service tool, the service technician can fuel. This improves ignition during the compression
read status information for the E-Trim. Data for stroke of the cylinder.
E-Trim can also be programmed.
Glow Plug Relay – The glow plug relay is controlled
FRC – See “Fuel Ratio Control”. by the ECM in order to provide high current to the
glow plugs that are used in the starting aid system.
Fuel Pump – See “Fuel Rail Pump”.
Harness – The harness is the bundle of wiring
Fuel Rail – This item is sometimes referred to as (loom) that connects all components of the electronic
the High Pressure Fuel Rail. The fuel rail supplies system.
fuel to the electronic unit injectors. The fuel rail pump
and the fuel rail pressure sensor work with the ECM Hertz (Hz) – Hertz is the measure of electrical
in order to maintain the desired fuel pressure in the frequency in cycles per second.
fuel rail. This pressure is determined by calibration
of the engine in order to enable the engine to meet High Pressure Fuel Rail Pump – See “Fuel Rail
emissions and performance requirements. Pump”.
Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor – The fuel rail pressure High Pressure Fuel Rail Pump Solenoid Valve –
sensor sends an electronic signal to the ECM that is See “Fuel Rail Pump Solenoid Valve”.
dependent on the pressure of the fuel in the fuel rail.
High Pressure Fuel Rail – See “Fuel Rail”.
Fuel Rail Pump – This item is sometimes referred
to as the High Pressure Fuel Rail Pump. This is a Injector Codes – The injector codes or injector trim
device that supplies fuel under pressure to the fuel codes are numeric codes or alphanumeric codes
rail (high pressure fuel rail). that are etched or stamped on individual electronic
unit injectors. These codes are used to fine tune the
Fuel Rail Pump Solenoid Valve – This is sometimes fuel delivery.
referred to as the High Pressure Fuel Rail Pump
Solenoid Valve. This is a control device in the high Injector Trim Files – Injector trim files are
pressure fuel rail pump. The ECM controls the downloaded from a disk to the ECM. The injector
pressure in the fuel rail by using this valve to divert trim files compensate for variances in manufacturing
excess fuel from the pump to the fuel tank. of the electronic unit injector and for the life of the
electronic unit injector. The serial number for the
Fuel Ratio Control (FRC) – The FRC is a limit that electronic unit injector must be obtained in order to
is based on the control of the ratio of the fuel to air. retrieve the correct injector trim file.
The FRC is used for purposes of emission control.
When the ECM senses a higher intake manifold
air pressure (more air into the cylinder), the FRC
increases the FRC Limit (more fuel into the cylinder).
10 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
Intake Manifold Air Temperature Sensor – The Primary Speed/Timing Sensor – This sensor
intake manifold air temperature sensor detects the determines the position of the crankshaft during
air temperature in the intake manifold. The ECM engine operation. If the primary speed/timing
monitors the air temperature and other data in the sensor fails during engine operation, the secondary
intake manifold in order to adjust injection timing and speed/timing sensor is used to provide the signal.
other performance functions.
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) – The PWM is a
Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor – The Intake signal that consists of pulses that are of variable
Manifold Pressure Sensor measures the pressure width. These pulses occur at fixed intervals. The ratio
in the intake manifold. The pressure in the intake of “TIME ON” versus total “TIME OFF” can be varied.
manifold may be different to the pressure outside This ratio is also referred to as a duty cycle.
the engine (atmospheric pressure). The difference
in pressure may be caused by an increase in air
pressure by a turbocharger (if equipped).
Short Circuit – A short circuit is a condition that has Wait To Start Lamp – This is a lamp that is included
an electrical circuit that is inadvertently connected to in the cold starting aid circuit in order to indicate when
an undesirable point. An example of a short circuit the wait to start period has expired. The glow plugs
is a wire which rubs against a vehicle frame and have not deactivated at this point in time.
this rubbing eventually wears off the wire insulation.
Electrical contact with the frame is made and a short Wastegate – This is a device in a turbocharged
circuit results. engine that controls the maximum boost pressure
that is provided to the inlet manifold.
Signal – The signal is a voltage or a waveform that
is used in order to transmit information typically from Wastegate Regulator (if equipped) – The
a sensor to the ECM. wastegate regulator controls the pressure in the
intake manifold to a value that is determined by the
Supply Voltage – The supply voltage is a continuous ECM. The wastegate regulator provides the interface
voltage that is supplied to a component in order to between the ECM and the mechanical system that
provide the electrical power that is required for the regulates intake manifold pressure to the desired
component to operate. The power may be generated value that is determined by the software.
by the ECM or the power may be battery voltage that
is supplied by the engine wiring.
i02517580
Table 2 Table 3
Part Number Description Service Tools for the Use of the Electronic
Service Tool
U5MK1092 Spoon Probe Kit(MULTIMETER)
Part Description
- Suitable Digital Pressure Indicator Number
or or
- Engine Pressure Group -(1) Single Use Program License
- Suitable Battery Load Tester - (1)
Data Subscription for All Engines
- Suitable Temperature Adapter Communication Adapter (Electronic
27610251
(MULTIMETER) Service Tool to ECM interface)
28170107 Bypass Harness As 27610164 Adapter Cable As
2900A038 Harness As (1) Refer to Perkins Engine Company Limited.
• Status of all pressure sensors and temperature Connecting the Electronic Service Tool
sensors
and the Communication Adapter II
• Programmable parameter settings
• Active diagnostic codes and logged diagnostic
codes
• Logged events
• Histograms
The Electronic Service Tool can also be used to
perform the following functions:
• Diagnostic tests
• Sensor calibrations
• Programming of flash files
• Parameter programming
• Copy configuration function for ECM replacement
• Data logging
• Graphs (real time)
Table 3 lists the service tools that are required in
order to use the Electronic Service Tool. g01121866
Illustration 3
(1) Personal Computer (PC)
(2) Adapter Cable (Computer Serial Port)
(3) Communication Adapter II
(4) Adapter Cable Assembly
Use the following procedure in order to connect Flashing – The lamp will be flashing when a derate
the Electronic Service Tool and the Communication is active or when a derate is present because of
Adapter II. an active diagnostic code. An example of an active
diagnostic code is “System Voltage High”.
1. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position.
On – The lamp will be on when the shutdown level
2. Connect cable (2) between the “COMPUTER” in the engine protection strategy has been reached.
end of communication adapter (3) and the RS232 The “Warning” lamp will also be on.
serial port of PC (1).
Warning Lamp
Note: The Adapter Cable Assembly (4) is required to
connect to the USB port on computers that are not Lamp check – When the keyswitch is turned to ON,
equipped with a RS232 serial port. the lamp will come on for 2 seconds. The lamp will
then go off unless there is an active warning.
3. Connect cable (4) between the “DATA LINK” end
of communication adapter (3) and the service tool Flashing – The lamp will be flashing when a
connector. “warning” or a “warning and derate” is active. This
includes low oil pressure.
4. Place the keyswitch in the ON position. If the
Electronic Service Tool and the communication On – The lamp will be on when the shutdown level
adapter do not communicate with the Electronic has been reached. The “Shutdown” lamp will also
Control Module (ECM), refer to the diagnostic be on.
procedure Troubleshooting, “Electronic Service
Tool Will Not Communicate With ECM”.
Wait to Start Lamp
i02492452 Lamp check – When the keyswitch is turned to ON,
the lamp will come on for 2 seconds. The lamp will
Indicator Lamps then go off unless “Wait to Start” is active.
Five lamps are available as options. The “Shutdown” On – The lamp will come on when a low oil pressure
lamp and the “Warning” lamp will normally be event is detected. The “Warning” lamp and the
installed in the application. Dedicated optional lamps “Shutdown” lamp may also come on.
for other items may also be installed. The remaining
optional lamps are “Wait to start”, “Low oil pressure” PTO Lamp
and “PTO mode on”.
Lamp check – When the keyswitch is turned to ON,
The “Shutdown” lamp and the “Warning” lamp can the lamp will come on for 2 seconds. The lamp will
also be used to indicate a diagnostic code by use of then go off unless the PTO mode is active.
the “Flash Code” feature. The “Flash Code” feature
can be used to indicate all active diagnostic codes Flashing – The lamp will be flashing when the PTO
and logged diagnostic codes. mode is turned on but when the PTO is not engaged.
Functions of the Lamps On – The lamp will come on when PTO mode is
engaged.
Shutdown Lamp
Color of Lamps
Lamp check – When the keyswitch is turned to ON,
the lamp will come on for 2 seconds. The lamp will Typically, the “Shutdown” lamp is colored red and the
then go off unless there is an active warning. “Warning” lamp is colored amber. The other lamps
are optional.
14 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
Flash Codes
The “Flash Code” feature is used to flash the code
of all active diagnostic codes and logged diagnostic
codes.
KENR6933 15
Troubleshooting Section
g01194272
Illustration 4
After all of the active diagnostic codes have been After all of the codes have been displayed, the
displayed, the “Shutdown” lamp will go off for 2 “Shutdown” lamp will flash 3 times in order to
seconds. The “Shutdown” lamp will flash twice in indicate that there are no further codes. Cycling the
order to indicate the start of the sequence that will keyswitch twice within a period of 3 seconds will
display the logged diagnostic codes. The process for start the process again. All codes will be displayed in
flashing logged diagnostic codes is identical to the ascending numerical order.
process for flashing active diagnostic codes.
Refer to the Troubleshooting Guide, “Diagnostic
Note: If there are no logged codes then the “551” Codes” for the flash code that is related to the
code should be flashed again. diagnostic code.
i02654405
NOTICE
Replacing the ECM If the flash file and engine application are not matched,
engine damage may result.
NOTICE Note: Record any Logged Faults and Events for your
Keep all parts clean from contaminants. records.
Contaminants may cause rapid wear and shortened 3. Record the following parameters:
component life.
• Record all of the parameters on the
The engine is equipped with an Electronic Control “Configuration” screen.
Module (ECM). The ECM contains no moving parts.
Follow the troubleshooting procedures in this manual • Record all of the parameters on the “Throttle
in order to be sure that replacing the ECM will correct Configuration” screen.
the problem. Verify that the suspect ECM is the
cause of the problem. • Record all of the parameters on the “Mode
Configuration” screen.
Note: Ensure that the ECM is receiving power
and that the ECM is properly grounded before • Record the serial numbers of the electronic unit
replacement of the ECM is attempted. Refer to the injectors. The injector serial numbers are shown
Schematic Diagram. on the “Injector Trim Calibration” screen.
A test ECM can be used in order to determine if the Note: If the parameters cannot be read, the
ECM on the engine is faulty. Install a test ECM in parameters must be obtained elsewhere. Some
place of the suspect ECM. Install the flash file into parameters are stamped on the engine information
the test ECM. Program the parameters for the test plate, but most parameters must be obtained from
ECM. The parameters must match the parameters in the PTMI data on Perkins Secured Internet.
the suspect ECM. Refer to the following test steps
for details. If the test ECM resolves the problem, 4. Remove power from the ECM.
reconnect the suspect ECM. Verify that the problem
returns. If the problem returns, replace the ECM. 5. Remove the ECM. Refer to Disassembly and
Assembly, “Electronic Control Module - Remove
Use the Electronic Service Tool to read the and Install”.
parameters in the suspect ECM. Record the
parameters in the suspect ECM. Install the flash file 6. Install the replacement ECM. Refer to Disassembly
into the new ECM. After the ECM is installed on the and Assembly, “Electronic Control Module -
engine, the parameters must be programmed into Remove and Install”.
the new ECM.
7. Download the flash file.
Note: When a new ECM is not available, you may
need to remove an ECM from an engine that is not in a. Connect the Electronic Service Tool to the
service. The ECM must have the same serial number diagnostic connector.
suffix. Ensure that the replacement ECM and the
flash file match the suspect ECM. Be sure to record b. Select “WinFlash” from the “Utilities” menu of
the parameters from the replacement ECM. Use the the electronic service tool.
“Copy Configuration ECM Replacement” function in
the Electronic Service Tool. c. Select the downloaded flash file.
KENR6933 17
Troubleshooting Section
8. If necessary, use the electronic service tool to clear Logged Code – Every generated code is stored
the rating interlock. To clear the rating interlock, in the permanent memory of the ECM. The codes
enter the factory password when the electronic are logged for 100 operating hours unless a code is
service tool is first connected. Activating the “Test cleared by use of the electronic service tool.
ECM” mode will also clear the rating interlock.
Event Code – An event code is generated by the
9. Use the electronic service tool to program the detection of an abnormal engine operating condition.
parameters. Perform the following procedure. For example, an event code will be generated if the
oil pressure is too low. In this case, the event code
a. If the “Copy Configuration” procedure was indicates the symptom of a problem.
successful, use the “Copy Configuration, ECM
Replacement” function to load the configuration Logged codes may not indicate that a repair is
file into the ECM. needed. The problem may have been temporary. The
problem may have been resolved since the logging
Note: During the following procedure, Factory of the code. If the system is powered, it is possible
Passwords may be required. to generate an active diagnostic code whenever a
component is disconnected. When the component is
b. If the “Copy Configuration” procedure failed, reconnected, the code is no longer active. Logged
configure the parameters individually. The codes may be useful to help troubleshoot intermittent
parameters should match the parameters from problems. Logged codes can also be used to review
step 3. the performance of the engine and the electronic
system.
Perform the “Fuel System Verification Test”.
i02414663
10. Check for logged diagnostic codes. Factory
passwords are required to clear Logged Events. Sensors and Electrical
i02492454
Connectors
Self-Diagnostics
The Electronic Control Module (ECM) and the
sensors are located on the left side of the engine.
The Electronic Control Module (ECM) has the ability Refer to Figure 5.
to detect problems with the electronic system and
with engine operation. When a problem is detected, a
code is generated. An alarm may also be generated.
There are two types of codes:
• Diagnostic
• Event
Diagnostic Code – When a problem with the
electronic system is detected, the ECM generates a
diagnostic code. This indicates the specific problem
with the circuitry.
• Active
• Logged
Active Code – An active diagnostic code indicates
that an active problem has been detected by the
control system. Active codes require immediate
attention. Always service active codes prior to
servicing logged codes.
18 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
g01178874
Illustration 5
(1) Coolant Temperature Sensor (4) Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor (7) Primary Speed/Timing Sensor
(2) Intake Manifold Temperature Sensor (5) Electronic Control Module (ECM) (8) Secondary Speed/Timing Sensor
(3) Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor (6) Oil Pressure Sensor (9) Solenoid for the Fuel Rail Pump
g01178875
Illustration 6
20 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
Table 5
Connector Function
P1 Machine Harness to ECM Connector (64 Pin Connector)
P2 Engine Harness to ECM Connector (64 Pin Connector)
P532 Fuel Rail Pump Solenoid Connector (2 Pin Connector)
P402 Secondary Speed/Timing Sensor (2 Pin Connector)
P401 Primary Speed/Timing Sensor (2 Pin Connector)
P201 Engine Oil Pressure Sensor (3 Pin Connector)
P228 Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor (3 Pin Connector)
P200 Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor (3 Pin Connector)
P103 Intake Manifold Temperature Sensor (2 Pin Connector)
P100 Coolant Temperature Sensor (2 Pin Connector)
J23 Diagnostic Connector (if equipped)
P691/J691 Electronic Unit Injectors for No. 1 and No. 2 Cylinders (4 Pin
Connector)
P692/J692 Electronic Unit Injectors for No. 3 and No. 4 Cylinders (4 Pin
Connector)
P693/J693 Electronic Unit Injectors for No. 5 and No. 6 Cylinders (4 Pin
Connector)
P511 Wastegate regulator (if equipped) (2 Pin Connector)
KENR6933 21
Troubleshooting Section
g01178531
Illustration 7
(1) Electronic Unit Injector (6) Primary Speed/Timing Sensor (11) Coolant Temperature Sensor
(2) Solenoid for the Fuel Rail Pump (7) Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor (12) Diagnostic Connector (if equipped)
(3) Wastegate Regulator (if equipped) (8) Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor (13) Electronic Control Module (ECM)
(4) Secondary Speed/Timing Sensor (9) Engine Oil Pressure Sensor
(5) Fuel Rail Pump (10) Intake Manifold Temperature Sensor
i02444246 Table 6
Schematic Diagrams
g01213981
Illustration 8
Schematic Diagram for the Engine Harness
24 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
g01224168
Illustration 9
Schematic Diagram for a Typical Application
i02414687
g01170706
Illustration 10
Layout of the Connector Pins (view from the rear)
KENR6933 25
Troubleshooting Section
Removal and Installation of the 3. Insert the removal tool into the hole that is
adjacent to the terminal in order to release the
Harness Connector Terminals locking device.
Terminal Removal Note: Make sure that the tool stays perpendicular to
the face of the connector.
Table 7
Required Tools 4. Hold the tool in position and gently pull the wire in
order to remove the terminal from the rear of the
Part Number Part Description Qty
connector (3).
27610285 Removal Tool 1
5. Remove the removal tool from the face of the
connector (3).
Terminal Insertion
1. Push the terminal into the rear of the connector (3)
until the terminal engages with the locking device.
g01201559
Illustration 11
Removal of Terminal Position Assurance Components
g01201632
Illustration 12
Removal Tool
26 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
1. Search for the latest flash file for the engine. If the test ECM fixes the problem, the engine can be
released while the “Test ECM Mode” is still active.
Note: If a newer software version is available for the
engine, install the newest software on the suspect Once an ECM has been activated in the “Test ECM
ECM. If the new software does not fix the problem Mode”, the ECM will stay in the “Test ECM Mode”
continue with this procedure. until the timer times out. If the ECM is used as a test
ECM for more than one engine, the “Test ECM Mode”
2. Use the “Copy Configuration” feature on the must be reactivated. Anytime prior to the “Test ECM
electronic service tool to copy the parameters Mode” timing out, the ECM can be reset to 24 hours.
from the suspect ECM.
i02415222
Note: If the “ECM Replacement” feature cannot
be used, record the programmed values into the ECM Snapshot
“Customer Specified Parameters Worksheet”. Also
record the system configuration parameters.
3. Disconnect the suspect ECM. Temporarily connect The Electronic Control Module (ECM) can record a
the test ECM to the engine. Do not mount the test snapshot of certain engine parameters. The snapshot
ECM on the engine. records the parameters for a period of 13 seconds
that surround an event. The following events trigger
4. Flash program the test ECM with the newest snapshots:
software that is available.
• Certain diagnostic codes
5. Start the “Test ECM Mode” on the electronic
service tool. Access the feature through the • Operator request
“Service” menu. The electronic service tool will
display the status of the test ECM and the hours
that are remaining for the “Test ECM Mode”.
KENR6933 27
Troubleshooting Section
i02415228 i02415238
Factory passwords are required to perform each of Flash Programming a Flash File
the following functions:
1. Obtain the part number for the new flash file.
• Program a new Electronic Control Module (ECM). Note: If you do not have the part number for the flash
When an ECM is replaced, the system file, use “PTMI” on the Perkins Internet.
configuration parameters must be programmed
into the new ECM. A new ECM will allow these Note: You must have the engine serial number in
parameters to be programmed once without factory order to search for the flash file’s part number.
passwords. After the initial programming, some
parameters are protected by factory passwords. 2. Connect the electronic service tool to the service
tool connector.
• Rerate the engine. 3. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position. Do not start
This may require changing the interlock code, the engine.
which is protected by factory passwords.
4. Select “WinFlash” from the “Utilities” menu on the
electronic service tool.
• Clear engine events and certain diagnostic codes.
Most engine events require factory passwords in Note: If “WinFlash” will not communicate with the
order to clear the code from ECM memory. Clear ECM, refer to Troubleshooting, “Electronic Service
these codes only when you are certain that the Tool Will Not Communicate with ECM”.
problem has been corrected. For example,
the E362-1 Engine Overspeed requires the 5. Flash program the flash file into the ECM.
use of factory passwords in order to clear the
code from ECM memory. a. Select the engine ECM under the “Detected
ECMs”.
d. Verify that the “File Values” match the Exchanging electronic unit injectors can help
application. If the “File Values” do not match determine if a combustion problem is in the electronic
the application, search for the correct flash file. unit injector or in the cylinder. If two electronic unit
injectors that are currently installed in the engine
e. When the correct flash file is selected, press are exchanged between cylinders, the injector trim
the “Begin Flash” button. files can also be exchanged. Press the “Exchange”
button at the bottom of the “Injector Trim Calibration”
f. The electronic service tool will indicate when screen on the electronic service tool. Select the two
flash programming has been successfully electronic unit injectors that will be exchanged and
completed. press the “OK” button. The tattletale for the electronic
unit injectors that were exchanged will increase by
6. Start the engine and check for proper operation. one.
7. Access the “Configuration” screen under the Note: The serial number for the electronic unit
“Service” menu in order to determine the injector and the confirmation code number for the
parameters that require programming. Look under electronic unit injector are located on the electronic
the “Tattletale” column. All of the parameters unit injector.
should have a tattletale of 1 or more. If a parameter
has a tattletale of 0, program that parameter. 1. Record the serial number and the confirmation
code number for each electronic unit injector.
“WinFlash” Error Messages
2. Obtain the injector trim file by one of the following
If you receive any error messages during flash methods:
programming, click on the “Cancel” button in order
to stop the process. Access the information about • Select “Service Software Files” on the Perkins
the “ECM Summary” under the “Information” menu. Internet.
Ensure that you are programming the correct flash
file for your engine. • Use the compact disc that is included with a
replacement electronic unit injector.
i02755771
Table 8
Range Default
0 to 100 percent 0 percent
KENR6933 31
Troubleshooting Section
Table 10
Range Default
Upper Dead Zone
0 to 100 percent 0 percent This is a throttle range that is below the initial upper
position limit that does not allow the engine speed
to increase.
Upper Position Limit
Table 15
This is the maximum throttle percentage that will be Range Default
interpreted by the ECM as full throttle. This parameter
is used with the value of the initial upper position limit 0 to 100 percent 0 percent
to make an allowance for manufacturing tolerances
between different speed demand input devices.
Table 11
Range Default
0 to 100 percent 0 percent
Table 12
Range Default
0 to 100 percent 0 percent
32 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
Parameters Minimum
1900 rpm
Maximum
2900 rpm
Default
2650 rpm
i02517248
ECM Identification Parameter
Customer Specified
Parameters Equipment ID
“Equipment ID” is the identification of the equipment
that is assigned by the customer. The “Equipment
Customer specified parameters allow the engine to ID” is only for reference only by the customer. The
be configured to the exact needs of the application. “Equipment ID” is not required by the Electronic
Control Module (ECM).
Customer parameters may be changed repeatedly as
a customer’s operation changes. Table 19
Value Default
The following information is a brief description of
the customer specified parameters. The following 17 digits
parameter values are included with the descriptions: The available characters
are dependent on the Not programmed
service tool that is
• Minimum being used.
• Maximum
PTO and Throttle Lock Parameters
• Default
Throttle Lock Feature Installation Status
Engine Rating Parameter
The “Throttle Lock Feature Installation Status” is
Rating Number used to turn on the throttle lock features. When
this parameter is changed to “Installed”, the “PTO
The rating number is the selected rating within a engine Speed Setting”, the “Throttle Lock Increment
power rating family. The flash file defines the power Speed Ramp Rate” and the “Throttle Lock Engine
rating family. The flash file can contain one to four Set Speed Increment” parameters are active and the
ratings. The rating number defines the power rating parameters can be programmed.
that is used within the power rating family.
Table 20
Table 16 Value Default
Minimum Maximum Default Not Installed
Not Installed
1 4 1 Installed
The “Throttle Lock Increment Speed Ramp Rate” 700 rpm 1800 rpm 1200 rpm
is the rate of engine acceleration when the PTO
switch is held in the ACCELERATE position. If this
parameter is set to “0”, the feature is turned off. J1939 Continuous Fault Handling
Table 22 Remote Torque Speed Control Enable
Minimum Maximum Default Status
0 rpm/sec 600 rpm/sec 400 rpm/sec
The “Remote Torque Speed Control Enable Status”
parameter determines the way that faults will be
Throttle Lock Engine Set Speed handled by the ECM when the “J1939 Torque Speed
Control (TSC1)” message is used as a speed request
Increment input to the ECM. Programming the “Remote Torque
Speed Control Enable Status” to “Enabled” will cause
The “Throttle Lock Engine Set Speed Increment”
the ECM to display a fault code if a valid TSC1
controls the increase in engine speed when the
message is not received by the engine ECM within
PTO switch is briefly operated to ACCELERATE or
30 seconds of the engine starting. If the“ Remote
DECELERATE. If this parameter is set to “0”, the
Torque Speed Control Enable Status” is programmed
feature is turned off.
to “Disabled”, the engine will display a 247-12 Data
Table 23 Link malfunction immediately after a loss of a TSC1
message. Program “Remote Torque Speed Control
Minimum Maximum Default Enable Status” to “Enabled” if the ECM will always be
0 rpm 200 rpm 10 rpm receiving a TSC1 message.
Table 27
Miscellaneous Value Default
Disabled
Monitoring Mode Shutdowns Enabled
Disabled
Table 24
A coolant level sensor is an optional switch input.
Programming the “Coolant Level Sensor” parameter
Value Default to “Enabled” notifies the ECM that a coolant level
Disabled sensor input is present on pin J1:38. If this parameter
Disabled is programmed to “Enabled” and the coolant level
Enabled
falls below the measured level, a “E2143-3” event
code will be displayed.
Monitoring Mode Derates
Table 28
“Monitoring Mode Derates” controls the derate that is Value Default
associated with the engine monitoring feature. When
this feature is enabled and an event code with a “-2” Installed
Not Installed
is detected, the engine will be derated. Not Installed
Table 25
Value Default
Disabled
Enabled
Enabled
34 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
Table 29
Value Default
Installed
Not Installed
Not Installed
Table 30
Value Default
Installed
Not Installed
Not Installed
Table 31
Value Default
Installed
Not Installed
Not Installed
KENR6933 35
Troubleshooting Section
i02527577
Customer Specified
Parameters Table
Table 32
Customer Specified Parameters
ECM Parameter Possible Values Default Value
Engine Rating Parameter
“Rating Number” 1 to 4 1
Low/High Idle Parameters
“Low Idle Speed” 700 to 1200 rpm 750 rpm
“High Idle Speed” 1900 to 2900 rpm 2650 rpm
ECM Identification Parameter
“Equipment ID” 17 Digits Not Programmed
Available characters are dependent on
the service tool that is used
PTO and Throttle Lock Parameters
“Throttle Lock Feature Installation Installed Not Installed
Status” Not Installed
“PTO Engine Speed Setting” 0 to 3000 rpm 0 rpm
“Throttle Lock Increment Speed Ramp 0 to 600 rpm/sec 400 rpm/sec
Rate”
“Throttle Lock Engine Set Speed 0 to 200 rpm 10 rpm
Increment”
Miscellaneous
“Monitoring Mode Shutdowns” Disabled Disabled
Enabled
“Monitoring Mode Derates” Disabled Enabled
Enabled
“Limp Home Desired Engine Speed” 700 to 1800 rpm 1200 rpm
J1939 Continuous Fault Handling
“Remote Torque Speed Control Enable Disabled Disabled
Status” Enabled
Configurable Inputs
“Coolant Level Sensor” Not Installed Not Installed
Installed
“Air Filter Restriction Switch Installation Not Installed Not Installed
Status” Installed
“Fuel/Water Separator Switch Not Installed Not Installed
Installation Status” Installed
“User Defined Switch Installation Status” Not Installed Not Installed
Installed
36 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
i02444245
Customer Specified
Parameters Worksheet
Table 33
Customer Specified Parameters Worksheet
Engine Rating Parameter
“Rating Numbers”
ECM Identifications Parameters
“Equipment ID”
Throttle Lock Parameters
“Throttle Lock Feature Installation Status”
“Throttle Lock Increment Speed Ramp Rate”
“Throttle Lock Engine Set Speed Increment”
Miscellaneous
“Monitoring Mode Shutdowns”
J1939 Continuous Fault Handling
“Remote Torque Speed Control Enable Status”
Configurable Inputs
“Overspeed Protection”
“Configurable Governor Droop”
“Coolant Level Sensor”
“Air Filter Restriction Switch Installation Status”
“Fuel/Water Separator Switch Installation Status”
“User Defined Switch Installation Status”
KENR6933 37
Troubleshooting Section
Rating Interlock
The rating interlock is a code that prevents the use of
an incorrect power rating and/or emission rating for
a specific engine. Each horsepower rating and each
emission certification has a different code to all other
horsepower ratings and emission certifications.
Note: This is not an electronic system problem. Check for excessive play of the shaft in the alternator.
Check for wear in the alternator bearings. The
Refer to Testing and Adjusting for information on alternator is a nonserviceable item. The alternator
possible electrical causes of this condition. must be replaced if the bearings are worn. Refer to
Disassembly and Assembly, “Alternator - Remove”
and Disassembly and Assembly , “Alternator - Install”.
Probable Causes
• Alternator drive belt i02344740
Check the tension on the alternator drive belts. If Check the tension on the alternator drive belt. If
necessary, replace the automatic tensioner. Refer to necessary, replace the automatic tensioner. Refer to
Disassembly and Assembly, “Alternator - Remove” Disassembly and Assembly, “Alternator - Remove”
and Disassembly and Assembly, “Alternator - Install”. and Disassembly and Assembly, “Alternator - Install”.
Charging Circuit
Inspect the battery cables, wiring, and connections in
the charging circuit. Clean all connections and tighten
all connections. Replace any faulty parts.
KENR6933 39
Troubleshooting Section
Alternator i02453228
Verify that the alternator is operating correctly. Refer Can Not Reach Top Engine
to Testing and Adjusting, “Alternator - Test”. The RPM
alternator is not a serviceable item. The alternator
must be replaced if the alternator is not operating
correctly. Refer to Disassembly and Assembly,
“Alternator - Remove” and Disassembly and Note: If this fault occurs only under load, refer to
Assembly , “Alternator - Install”. Troubleshooting, “Low Power”.
7. If the repairs have not eliminated the faults 2. Check that the oil drain for the turbocharger is not
proceed to “Throttle Signal for the Speed Demand blocked or restricted.
Input”.
3. Check that the compressor housing for the
Signal for the Speed Demand Input turbocharger is free of dirt, debris and damage.
1. Use the electronic service tool and observe the 4. Check that the turbine housing for the turbocharger
signal for the speed demand input. is free of dirt, debris and damage.
2. If the signal is erratic, refer to Troubleshooting, 5. Check that the turbine blades rotate freely in the
“Speed Demand Circuit (Analog) - Test” or refer to turbocharger.
Troubleshooting, “Speed Demand Circuit (Digital)
- Test”. 6. Ensure that the wastegate on the turbocharger is
adjusted correctly. Refer to Testing and Adjusting,
3. If the fault has not been eliminated, proceed to “Turbocharger - Inspect”. If the wastegate actuator
“Air Intake and Exhaust System”. is faulty, replace the wastegate actuator. Refer
to Disassembly and Assembly, “Turbocharger -
Disassemble” and Disassembly and Assembly,
Air Intake and Exhaust System “Turbocharger - Assemble”.
1. Check the air filter restriction indicator, if equipped. 7. If necessary, replace the turbocharger. Refer
to Disassembly and Assembly, “Turbocharger
2. Ensure that the air filter is clean and serviceable. - Remove” and Disassembly and Assembly,
“Turbocharger - Install”.
3. Check the air intake and the exhaust system for
the following defects: 8. Check that the repairs have eliminated the faults.
• Blockages 9. If the repairs have not eliminated the fault proceed
to “Fuel Supply”.
• Restrictions
• Damage to the air intake and exhaust lines and Fuel Supply
hoses
1. Visually check the fuel tank for fuel. The fuel
4. Make all necessary repairs to the engine. gauge may be faulty.
5. Ensure that the repairs have eliminated the fault. 2. Ensure that the fuel supply valve is in the full
OPEN position.
6. If the fault has not been eliminated, proceed to
“Valve Lash”. 3. If the temperature is below 0 °C (32 °F), check
for solidified fuel (wax).
Valve Lash 4. Visually inspect the fuel supply lines for
restrictions.
1. Check the valve lash and reset the valve lash, if
necessary. Refer to Systems Operation, Testing 5. Check that the low pressure fuel lines are tight
and Adjusting, “Engine Valve Lash - Inspect and
and secured properly.
Adjust”.
6. Remove the fuel filters. Inspect the fuel filters for
2. If the repair does not eliminate the fault proceed
contamination. Install new fuel filters. Refer to the
to “Turbocharger”.
Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fuel System
Filter- Replace and Fuel System Primary Filter
Turbocharger (Water Separator) Element - Replace”. Determine
the cause of the contamination.
Note: The turbocharger that is installed on this
engine is a nonserviceable item. If any mechanical 7. Check the diesel fuel for contamination. Refer to
fault exists, except for the wastegate actuator, then Systems Operation, Testing and Adjusting, “Fuel
the turbocharger must be replaced. The wastegate Quality - Test”.
actuator can be replaced.
8. Check for air in the low pressure fuel system. Refer
1. Ensure that the mounting bolts for the turbocharger to Systems Operation, Testing and Adjusting, “Air
are tight. in Fuel - Test”.
KENR6933 41
Troubleshooting Section
9. Ensure that the fuel system has been primed. Individual Malfunctioning Cylinders
Refer to Testing and Adjusting, “Fuel System -
Prime”. 1. With the engine speed at a fast idle, use the
electronic service tool to isolate one cylinder at
10. Check the fuel pressure. Refer to Testing and a time. Note if there is any reduction in engine
Adjusting, “Fuel System Pressure - Test”. speed. If a reduction in engine speed is not noted,
the isolated cylinder is not operating under normal
conditions. If the isolation of a particular cylinder
results in a reduction of engine speed that is less
than normal, this may indicate that the cylinder is
Contact with high pressure fuel may cause fluid operating below normal performance. Investigate
penetration and burn hazards. High pressure fu- the cause of the fault on any cylinder that is
el spray may cause a fire hazard. Failure to fol- not operating. Investigate the cause of the fault
low these inspection, maintenance and service in- on any cylinder that is operating below normal
structions may cause personal injury or death. performance.
1. Perform a compression test. Refer to Testing and 2. Remove the electronic unit injector from the
Adjusting, “Compression - Test ”. suspect cylinder. Refer to Disassembly and
Assembly, “Electronic Unit Injector - Remove”.
2. If low compression is noted on any cylinders,
investigate the cause and rectify the cause. 3. Install a new electronic unit injector. Refer to
Disassembly and Assembly, “Electronic Unit
Possible causes of low compression are shown Injector - Install”.
in the following list:
4. Repeat the test in 1. If the fault is still apparent,
• Loose glow plugs remove the replacement electronic unit injector
and install the original electronic unit injector.
• Faulty piston Refer to Disassembly and Assembly, “Electronic
Unit Injector - Remove” and Disassembly and
• Faulty piston rings Assembly, “Electronic Unit Injector - Install”.
3. To fit a new cylinder head gasket, refer to Note: This is not an electronic system problem.
Disassembly and Assembly, “Cylinder Head -
Install” for the correct procedure.
Probable Causes
4. If there was no obvious signs of a faulty head
gasket proceed to “Cylinder Head”. • Radiator fins
4. If the cylinder head is flat and if the cylinder head Recommended Actions
does not have any faults, refer to “Cylinder Block”.
Radiator Fins
Check the radiator fins for dirt, debris, and/or damage.
Remove any dirt and/or debris and straighten any
bent fins.
KENR6933 43
Troubleshooting Section
2. Check the cooling system for leaks. Repair any 2. Make sure that the drive gear is not loose on the
leaks immediately. drive shaft of the coolant pump.
Radiator Cap and/or Pressure Relief 3. If necessary, replace the coolant pump. Refer
to Disassembly and Assembly, “Water Pump -
Valve Remove” and Disassembly and Assembly, “Water
Pump - Install”.
1. Pressure test the cooling system. Refer to Testing
and Adjusting, “Cooling System” for the correct
procedure. Cylinder Head Gasket
2. Check that the seating surfaces of the pressure Switch off the engine and allow the engine to cool
relief valve and the radiator cap are clean and to below normal working temperature. Remove
undamaged. the pressure cap for the coolant system. Start the
engine and inspect the coolant for the presence
3. Check operation of the pressure relief valve of bubbles. If bubbles are present in the coolant,
and/or the radiator cap. If necessary, clean the combustion gases may be entering the cooling
components and/or replace the components. system. Check the cylinder head gasket. Refer to the
recommended action for the cylinder head gasket
within Troubleshooting, “Coolant in Engine Oil”.
Coolant Temperature Gauge Check the cylinder head for flatness. Refer to the
recommended action for checking flatness of the
Compare the reading for the coolant temperature cylinder head within Systems Operations, “Cylinder
from the electronic service tool to the reading for the
Head - Inspect”. Fit the pressure cap if there are no
coolant temperature from a calibrated test gauge.
bubbles in the coolant.
Electrical Connectors
Check for correct installation of the P1/J1 and P2/J2
ECM connectors and of the service tool connector.
Refer to Troubleshooting, “Electrical Connectors -
Inspect”.
KENR6933 45
Troubleshooting Section
1. Make sure that the firmware and driver files are Engine Cranks but Will Not
the most current files that are available for the Start
type of communication adapter that is being used.
If the firmware and driver files do not match, the
communication adapter will not communicate with
the electronic service tool.
Probable Causes
2. Disconnect the communication adapter and the
cables from the service tool connector. Reconnect • Machine faults
the communication adapter to the service tool
connector. • Flash codes
3. Verify that the correct cable is being used between • Visible faults
the communication adapter and the service tool
connector. Refer to Troubleshooting, “Electronic • Air intake and exhaust system
Service Tools”.
• Diagnostic codes
4. If the laptop computer is using a Windows
operating system, restart the laptop computer in • Primary speed/timing sensor
order to eliminate the possibility of a conflict in
the software. • Low pressure fuel system
• Check that the battery voltage is correct. 2. Attempt to start the engine.
• Use the electronic service tool to check the 3. If the engine starts, inspect the timing ring on the
average cranking speed of the engine. If the crankshaft for misalignment.
cranking speed is less than 150 rpm, investigate
the cause of the fault. 4. If necessary, repair the timing ring. Refer to
Disassembly and Assembly, “Crankshaft Timing
• Make sure that all fuel filters are correctly Ring - Remove and Install”.
installed.
5. Reconnect the P401 connector to the primary
• Drain any water from the primary fuel filter/water speed/timing sensor.
separator and record the amount of water that
is collected. 6. Attempt to start the engine. If the engine will not
start, proceed to “Low Pressure Fuel System”.
3. Rectify any faults that are found during the visual
checks.
Low Pressure Fuel System
4. Attempt to start the engine. If the engine will not
1. Ensure that the fuel supply valve (if equipped) is
start, proceed to “Air Intake and Exhaust System”.
in the full OPEN position.
Air Intake and Exhaust System 2. If the temperature is below 0 °C (32 °F), check
for solidified fuel (wax).
1. Check the air filter restriction indicator, if equipped.
3. Check for fuel supply lines that are restricted.
2. Ensure that the air filter is clean and serviceable.
4. Check that the low pressure fuel lines are correctly
3. Check the air intake and exhaust systems for the installed.
following defects:
5. Check the diesel fuel for contamination. Refer to
• Blockages Testing and Adjusting, “Fuel Quality - Test”.
KENR6933 47
Troubleshooting Section
6. Check for air in the fuel system. Refer to Testing d. If the signal from the secondary speed/timing
and Adjusting, “Air in Fuel - Test”. sensor is greater than 0 rpm, connect a test
ECM and then attempt to start the engine. If
7. Ensure that the fuel system has been primed. the engine starts, install a replacement ECM.
Refer to Testing and Adjusting, “Fuel System - If the engine will not start, install the original
Prime”. ECM and then proceed to “High Pressure Fuel
System”.
8. Attempt to start the engine. If the engine will not
start, continue with this procedure. 4. If the pressure demand for the fuel rail is greater
than 20 MPa (2900 psi), proceed to “High
9. Replace the primary fuel filter and the secondary Pressure Fuel System”.
fuel filter. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance
Manual, “Fuel System Primary Filter (Water High Pressure Fuel System
Separator) Element - Replace”.
1. Use the electronic service tool to check for
10. Attempt to start the engine. If the engine will not stable pressure in the fuel rail while the engine is
start, continue with this procedure. cranking at a minimum speed of 150 rpm.
11. Check the flow of fuel through the transfer pump. 2. If the actual pressure in the fuel rail is less than
If the flow of fuel through the transfer pump is 2 MPa (290 psi), perform the following procedure:
less than 250 mL per minute at 150 rpm, replace
the transfer pump. Refer to Disassembly and a. Connect a test ECM and then attempt to start
Assembly, “Fuel Transfer Pump - Remove” and the engine.
Disassembly and Assembly, “Fuel Transfer Pump
- Install”. b. If the engine starts, install a replacement ECM.
Refer to Troubleshooting, “Replacing the ECM”.
12. Attempt to start the engine. If the engine will not
start, proceed to “Electronic Control System”. c. If the engine will not start, install the original
ECM and continue with this procedure.
Electronic Control System
d. Use the electronic service tool to perform a
1. Connect the electronic service tool to the solenoid test on the fuel rail pump.
diagnostic connector.
e. If the fuel rail pump fails the solenoid test,
2. Check that the pressure demand for the fuel rail replace the fuel rail pump and then attempt to
is at least 20 MPa (2900 psi) when the engine is start the engine. If the engine will not start,
cranking. repeat the diagnostic process from “Machine
Faults”.
3. If the pressure demand for the fuel rail is less
than 20 MPa (2900 psi), perform the following f. If the fuel rail pump passes the solenoid test,
procedure: check the timing of the fuel rail pump. Refer
to Systems Operation, Testing and Adjusting,
a. Use the electronic service tool to check the “Fuel Injection Timing - Check”.
signal from the secondary speed/timing sensor
while the engine is cranking. g. If the timing of the fuel rail pump is correct,
replace the fuel rail pump and then attempt to
b. If the signal from the secondary speed/timing start the engine. If the engine will not start,
sensor is 0 rpm, investigate the secondary repeat the diagnostic process from “Machine
speed/timing sensor. Refer to Troubleshooting, Faults”.
“Engine Speed/Timing Sensor Circuit - Test”.
h. If the timing of the fuel rail pump is incorrect,
c. If a fault is identified in the circuit for the adjust the timing. Refer to Systems Operation,
secondary speed/timing sensor, repair the fault Testing and Adjusting, “Fuel Injection Timing
and then attempt to start the engine. If the - Check”. Attempt to start the engine. If the
engine will not start, proceed to “High Pressure engine will not start, replace the fuel rail pump.
Fuel System”.
i. Attempt to start the engine. If the engine will
not start, repeat the diagnostic process from
“Machine Faults”.
a. Check the leak off from the electronic unit 1. Check the operation of the glow plugs. Refer to
injectors when the engine is cranked at an Systems Operation, Testing and Adjusting, “Glow
engine speed that is greater than 150 rpm for Plugs - Test”.
30 seconds.
2. If necessary, replace faulty glow plugs. Refer to
b. If the leak off from the electronic unit injectors Disassembly and Assembly, “Glow Plug - Remove
is greater than 0.05 L (3.0 in3) for a six cylinder and Install”.
engine or if the leak off from the electronic
unit injectors is greater than 0.035 L (2.0 in3) 3. Attempt to start the engine. If the engine will not
for a four cylinder engine, replace all of the start, proceed to “Valve Lash”.
electronic unit injectors. Refer to Disassembly
and Assembly, “Electronic Unit Injector - Valve Lash
Remove” and Disassembly and Assembly,
“Electronic Unit Injector - Install”. If the engine 1. Check the valve lash. Refer to Systems Operation,
will not start, repeat the procedure from “High Testing and Adjusting, “Engine Valve Lash -
Pressure Fuel System”. Inspect/Adjust”.
c. If the leak off from the electronic unit injectors 2. Attempt to start the engine. If the engine will not
is less than 0.05 L (3.0 in3) for a six cylinder start, proceed to “Low Compression (Cylinder
engine or if the leak off from the electronic unit Pressure)”.
injectors is less than 0.035 L (2.0 in3) for a four
cylinder engine, check for leakage from the
pressure relief valve in the fuel rail. If there is
Low Compression (Cylinder Pressure)
no leakage from the pressure relief valve in the
1. Perform a compression test. Refer to Systems
fuel rail, repeat this procedure from Test Step 2.
Operation, Testing and Adjusting, “Compression
d. If there is leakage from the pressure relief - Test ”.
valve in the fuel rail, replace the fuel rail and
2. If low compression is noted on any cylinders,
then attempt to start the engine. If the engine
will not start, repeat the procedure from “High investigate the cause and rectify the cause.
Pressure Fuel System”.
Possible causes of low compression are shown
4. If the actual pressure in the fuel rail is greater in the following list:
than 20 MPa (2900 psi), perform the following
procedure: • Loose glow plugs
c. If the injection timing is correct and the engine • Damaged cylinder head
will not start, proceed to “Glow Plugs”.
3. Perform all necessary repairs.
d. If the timing of the fuel rail pump is incorrect,
adjust the timing. Refer to Systems Operation, 4. Ensure that the repairs have eliminated the fault.
Testing and Adjusting, “Fuel Injection Timing
- Check”. Attempt to start the engine. If the i02413823
engine will not start, proceed to “Glow Plugs”.
Engine Has Early Wear
Glow Plugs
Note: Faulty glow plugs will only affect engine starting
when the ambient temperature is below 10 °C (50 °F). Note: This is not an electronic system problem.
KENR6933 49
Troubleshooting Section
If the engine is not correctly maintained, early wear Engine Misfires, Runs Rough
will occur. or Is Unstable
Make sure that the engine is maintained at the
correct maintenance intervals. Refer to the Operation
and Maintenance Manual, “Maintenance Interval The probable root causes are listed in order below:
Schedule”.
Note: If the fault is intermittent and the problem
Dirt in Engine Oil cannot be duplicated, refer to Troubleshooting,
“Intermittent Low Power or Power Cutout”.
1. Drain the oil from the crankcase and refill the
crankcase with clean engine oil. Install new engine Note: If the fault only occurs under certain conditions,
oil filters. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance test the engine under those conditions. Examples
Manual for more information. of certain conditions are high rpm, full load and
engine operating temperature. Troubleshooting
Incorrect Oil the symptoms under other conditions can give
misleading results.
1. Check that the engine is filled with oil of the
correct specification. Refer to the Operation and Probable Causes
Maintenance Manual, “Refill Capacities and
Recommendations”.
• Diagnostic codes
2. If necessary, drain the engine oil system and
refill the engine oil system. Refer to Operation
• Speed demand input
and Maintenance Manual, “Engine Oil and Filter
- Change”.
• Air intake and exhaust system
• Glow plugs
Contaminated Oil
• Valve lash
Check an oil sample for contamination with fuel. If
contamination is found, investigate the cause. • Fuel supply
50 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
• Electronic unit injectors 2. If the repair does not eliminate the fault proceed to
“Fuel Supply”.
Recommended Actions
Fuel Supply
Diagnostic Codes
1. Visually check the fuel tank for fuel. The fuel
gauge may be faulty.
Check for active diagnostic codes on the electronic
service tool. Troubleshoot any active codes before
2. Ensure that the fuel supply valve (if equipped) is
continuing with this procedure.
in the full OPEN position.
Speed Demand Input 3. If the temperature is below 0 °C (32 °F), check
for solidified fuel (wax).
1. Use the electronic service tool and observe the
signal for the Speed Demand Input. 4. Check the primary filter/water separator for water
in the fuel.
2. If the signal is erratic, refer to Troubleshooting,
“ Speed Demand Circuit (Analog) - Test” or 5. Check for fuel supply lines that are restricted.
Troubleshooting, “Speed Demand Circuit (Digital)
- Test”. 6. Check that the low pressure fuel lines are tight
and secured properly.
3. If the repairs do not eliminate the fault proceed to
“Air Intake and Exhaust System”. 7. Check the fuel filters.
Air Intake and Exhaust System 8. Check the diesel fuel for contamination. Refer to
Testing and Adjusting, “Fuel Quality - Test”.
1. Check the air filter restriction indicator, if equipped.
9. Check for air in the fuel system. Refer to Testing
2. Ensure that the air filter is clean and serviceable. and Adjusting, “Air in Fuel - Test”.
3. Check the air intake and exhaust systems for the 10. Ensure that the fuel system has been primed.
following defects: Refer to Testing and Adjusting, “Fuel System -
Prime”.
• Blockages
11. Check the fuel pressure. Refer to Testing and
• Restrictions Adjusting, “Fuel System Pressure - Test”.
• Damage to lines or hoses 12. If the repair does not eliminate the fault refer to
“Fuel Rail Pump”.
4. If the repairs do not eliminate the fault proceed to
“Glow Plugs”. Fuel Rail Pump
Glow Plugs Note: The fuel rail pump that is installed by the
factory on the 1106C Genset is a nonserviceable
1. Check for proper operation of the glow plugs. item. If any mechanical fault or any electrical fault
Refer to Testing and Adjusting, “Glow Plugs - occurs within the fuel rail pump then the fuel rail
Test”. pump must be replaced.
2. If the repairs do not eliminate the fault refer to 1. Use the electronic service tool to select the
“Valve Lash”. correct screen display. Refer to Troubleshooting,
“Troubleshooting with a Diagnostic Code”.
• Faulty cylinder head gasket 4. Repeat the test in 1. If the fault is still apparent,
remove the replacement electronic unit injector
• Damaged cylinder head and install the original electronic unit injector.
Refer to Disassembly and Assembly, “Electronic
3. Perform all necessary repairs. Unit Injector - Remove” and Disassembly and
Assembly, “Electronic Unit Injector - Install”.
4. Ensure that the repairs have eliminated the faults.
5. If the fault is not eliminated, check for active
5. If the repair does not eliminate the fault refer to diagnostic fault codes.
“Individual Malfunctioning Cylinders”.
i02413836
Individual Malfunctioning Cylinders
Engine Oil in Cooling System
1. With the engine speed at a fast idle, use the
electronic service tool to isolate one cylinder at
a time. Note if there is any reduction in engine
speed. If a reduction in engine speed is not noted, Note: This is not an electronic system problem.
the isolated cylinder is not operating under normal
conditions. If the isolation of a particular cylinder
results in a reduction of engine speed that is less Probable Causes
than normal, this may indicate that the cylinder is
operating below normal performance. Investigate • Engine oil cooler
the cause of the fault on any cylinder that is
not operating. Investigate the cause of the fault • Cylinder head gasket
on any cylinder that is operating below normal
performance. • Cylinder head
2. Check for leaks in the oil cooler assembly. Refer 3. Fill the cooling system. Refer to the Operation and
to Testing and Adjusting, “Cooling System” for the Maintenance Manual, “Cooling System Coolant
correct procedure. If a leak is found, install a new (ELC) - Change”.
oil cooler. Refer to Disassembly and Assembly,
“Engine Oil Cooler - Remove” and Disassembly
i02414532
and Assembly, “Engine Oil Cooler - Install” for the
correct procedure. Engine Vibration
Cylinder Head Gasket
1. Remove the cylinder head. Refer to Disassembly Note: This is not an electronic system fault.
and Assembly, “Cylinder Head - Remove” for the
correct procedure. Refer to Testing and Adjusting for information on
determining the cause of this condition.
2. Inspect the cylinder head gasket for faults and any
signs of leakage.
Probable Causes
3. To fit a new cylinder head gasket, refer to
Disassembly and Assembly, “Cylinder Head - • Vibration damper
Install” for the correct procedure.
• Engine supports
4. If there was no obvious signs of a faulty head
gasket proceed to “Cylinder Head”. • Low compression (cylinder pressure)
• Individual malfunctioning cylinder
Cylinder Head
• Electronic unit injectors
1. Check the cylinder head for flatness. Refer to
Testing and Adjusting, “Cylinder Head - Inspect”
for the correct procedure. Recommended Actions
2. Check the mating face of the cylinder head for Vibration Damper
faults and signs of leakage. If a fault is found,
replace the cylinder head. If signs of leakage are Check the vibration damper for damage. Install a
found, determine the cause of the leakage. Refer new vibration damper, if necessary. Inspect the
to Testing and Adjusting, “Cylinder Head - Inspect” mounting bolts for damage and/or for wear. Replace
for the correct procedure. any damaged bolts. Refer to Disassembly and
Assembly, “Vibration Damper and Pulley - Remove”
3. If the cylinder head is flat and if the cylinder head and Disassembly and Assembly, “Vibration Damper
does not have any faults, refer to “Cylinder Block”. and Pulley - Install”.
Cylinder Block Ensure that the repairs have eliminated the problem.
If the vibration is still present proceed to “Engine
Inspect the top face of the cylinder block for faults Supports”.
and signs of leakage. If a fault is found, replace
the cylinder block. If signs of leakage are found, Engine Supports
determine the cause of the leakage. Refer to Testing
and Adjusting, “Cylinder Block - Inspect” for the 1. Check for any of the following conditions:
correct procedure.
• Loose engine supports
Assembly after Repair
• Loose mounting brackets or broken mounting
1. Install the cylinder head. Refer to Disassembly brackets
and Assembly, “Cylinder Head - Install”.
• Loose bolts
2. Replenish the engine with clean engine oil to
the correct level. Refer to the Operation and • Omitted bolts
Maintenance Manual, “Engine Oil and Filter -
Change” for more information.
KENR6933 53
Troubleshooting Section
2. Make all necessary repairs. Ensure that the Electronic Unit Injectors
repairs have eliminated the fault. If the vibration
is still present proceed to “Low Compression 1. With the engine speed at a fast idle, use the
(Cylinder Pressure)”. electronic service tool to isolate one cylinder at
a time. Note if there is any reduction in engine
Low Compression (Cylinder Pressure) speed. If a reduction in engine speed is not noted,
the isolated electronic unit injector is not operating
1. Perform a compression test. Refer to Testing and under normal conditions. If the isolation of a
Adjusting, “Compression - Test ”. particular cylinder results in a reduction of engine
speed that is less than normal, this may indicate
2. If low compression is noted on any cylinders, that the electronic unit injector is operating below
investigate the cause and rectify the cause. normal performance.
Possible causes of low compression are shown 2. Remove the electronic unit injector from the
in the following list: suspect cylinder. Refer to Disassembly and
Assembly, “Electronic Unit Injector - Remove”.
• Loose glow plugs
3. Install a new electronic unit injector. Refer to
• Faulty piston Disassembly and Assembly, “Electronic Unit
Injector - Install”.
• Faulty piston rings
4. Repeat the test in 1. If the fault is still apparent,
• Worn cylinder bores remove the replacement electronic unit injector
and install the original electronic unit injector.
• Worn valves Refer to Disassembly and Assembly, “Electronic
Unit Injector - Remove” and Disassembly and
• Faulty cylinder head gasket Assembly, “Electronic Unit Injector - Install”.
Battery Cables and/or Batteries 5. Inspect the internal components for the following
conditions:
1. Inspect the main power switch, battery posts,
and battery cables for loose connections and • Seizure
corrosion. If the battery cables are corroded,
remove the battery cables and clean the battery • Broken components
cables. Clean the battery posts. Replace the
cables. Tighten any loose connections. • Bent components
2. Inspect the batteries. Control System
a. Charge the batteries. Check that power is being provided from the control
system to the solenoid on the starting motor.
b. Load test the batteries. Refer to Testing and
Adjusting, “Battery - Test”. Note: If power is not reaching the solenoid on the
starting motor, the engine will not crank.
Starting Motor Solenoid or Starting
Circuit i02414535
1. Test the operation of the starting motor solenoid. Excessive Black Smoke
Refer to Testing and Adjusting, “Electric Starting
System - Test”.
4. If the engine does not rotate in Step 2, disassemble • Check for the correct engine serial number
the engine. Refer to Disassembly and Assembly.
• Check for the correct arrangement number
KENR6933 55
Troubleshooting Section
• Check for the correct software 5. Check that the turbine blades rotate freely in the
turbocharger.
2. Use the electronic service tool to verify any active
diagnostic codes. 6. Ensure that the wastegate on the turbocharger is
adjusted correctly. Refer to Testing and Adjusting,
3. If diagnostic codes are present, the Electronic “Wastegate - Inspect”. If the wastegate actuator
Control Module (ECM) must be programmed with is faulty, replace the wastegate actuator. Refer
the correct information. to Disassembly and Assembly, “Turbocharger -
Disassemble” and Disassembly and Assembly,
4. If the repairs have not eliminated the fault proceed “Turbocharger - Assemble”.
to “Air Intake System or Exhaust System”.
7. If necessary, replace the turbocharger. Refer
Air Intake System or Exhaust System to Disassembly and Assembly, “Turbocharger
- Remove” and Disassembly and Assembly,
1. Check the air filter restriction indicator, if equipped. “Turbocharger - Install”.
2. Ensure that the air filter is clean and serviceable. 8. Check that the repairs have eliminated the faults.
3. Check the air intake and the exhaust system for 9. If the repairs have not eliminated the fault proceed
the following defects: to “Low Compression (Cylinder Pressure)”.
1. With the engine speed at a fast idle, use the Excessive Engine Oil
electronic service tool to isolate one cylinder at Consumption
a time. Note if there is any reduction in engine
speed. If a reduction in engine speed is not noted,
the isolated cylinder is not operating under normal
conditions. If the isolation of a particular cylinder
results in a reduction of engine speed that is less Probable Causes
than normal, this may indicate that the cylinder is
operating below normal performance. Investigate • Misreading oil level
the cause of the fault on any cylinder that is
not operating. Investigate the cause of the fault • Oil leaks
on any cylinder that is operating below normal
performance. • Engine crankcase breather
1. With the engine speed at a fast idle, use the • Low compression (cylinder pressure)
electronic service tool to isolate one cylinder at
a time. Note if there is any reduction in engine Recommended Actions
speed. If a reduction in engine speed is not noted,
the isolated electronic unit injector is not operating Misreading Oil Level
under normal conditions. If the isolation of a
particular cylinder results in a reduction of engine 1. Accurately measure the consumption of oil and
speed that is less than normal, this may indicate fuel over a period of 50 engine hours.
that the electronic unit injector is operating below
normal performance. 2. If the oil consumption is greater than 0.2% of the
fuel consumption, use the following procedure
2. Remove the electronic unit injector from the in order to investigate the cause of the high oil
suspect cylinder. Refer to Disassembly and consumption.
Assembly, “Electronic Unit Injector - Remove”.
Oil Leaks
3. Install a new electronic unit injector. Refer to
Disassembly and Assembly, “Electronic Unit
1. Check for evidence of oil leaks on the engine.
Injector - Install”.
2. Rectify any oil leaks from the engine.
4. Repeat the test in 1. If the fault is still apparent,
remove the replacement electronic unit injector
3. Check for evidence of oil in the coolant.
and install the original electronic unit injector.
Refer to Disassembly and Assembly, “Electronic
4. If no oil leaks are identified, refer to “Engine
Unit Injector - Remove” and Disassembly and
Crankcase Breather”.
Assembly, “Electronic Unit Injector - Install”.
3. If no contamination is identified, remove any Possible causes of low compression are shown
excess oil. in the following list:
4. If the oil level is satisfactory, refer to “Air Intake • Loose glow plugs
and Exhaust System”.
• Faulty piston
Air Intake and Exhaust System
• Worn piston rings
1. Check the air filter restriction indicator, if equipped.
• Worn cylinder bores
2. Ensure that the air filter is clean and serviceable.
• Worn valves
3. Check the air intake and the exhaust system for
the following defects: • Faulty cylinder head gasket
• Damage to the air intake and exhaust lines and 4. Ensure that the repairs have eliminated the faults.
hoses
5. If the fault is not eliminated, refer to the
4. Make all necessary repairs to the engine. Troubleshooting Manual for your engine
application.
5. Ensure that the repairs have eliminated the
diagnostic code. i02528865
1. The quality of the fuel that is used in the engine Prolonged Operation at Idle Speed
will affect the rate of fuel consumption. Refer to
“General Fuel Information” in the Operation and Prolonged operation of the engine at idle speed
Maintenance Manual, “Refill Capacities”. increases fuel consumption.
2. If the fuel is not of an acceptable quality, drain When the engine is operated at idle speed, the fuel
the fuel system and replace the fuel filters. Refill that is consumed provides no useful work. Prolonged
the fuel system with fuel of an acceptable quality. operation at idle speed will cause a measurable
Refer to the applicable sections in the Operation deterioration in the overall fuel consumption of the
and Maintenance Manual. engine.
3. If the fuel is of an acceptable quality, refer to Operation of the engine for long periods at idle
“Quality of Oil”. speed will cause a deterioration of the internal
components of the engine. A deterioration of the
Quality of Oil internal components of the engine will increase fuel
consumption.
1. The nominal viscosity of the lubricating oil that
is used in the engine will affect the rate of fuel Engine Operating Speed
consumption. The viscosity of lubricating oil is
defined by the SAE grade of the lubricating oil. The operating speed of the engine will affect the rate
The grade of the lubricating oil must be correct of fuel consumption.
for the ambient conditions. Lubricating oil that is
intended for use in high ambient temperatures High engine speed will increase fuel consumption.
will have a negative effect upon the rate of fuel At high engine speeds, internal power losses in
consumption in cold ambient temperatures. Refer the engine increase and more power is required to
to “Engine Oil” in the Operation and Maintenance drive the alternator and the fan. These power losses
Manual, “Refill Capacities”. increase fuel consumption.
2. The actual viscosity of the lubricating oil that is Lugging down the engine to a low engine speed will
used in the engine will change throughout the increase fuel consumption. At low engine speeds, the
service life of the oil. Lubricating oil that is heavily combustion efficiency of the engine is reduced. This
contaminated will have a negative effect upon the will require more fuel to be used.
rate of fuel consumption.
3. If the oil is not of an acceptable quality or if the Air Inlet and Exhaust System
oil has exceeded the service life, drain the oil
system and replace the oil filters. Refill the oil Leakage of gas or an increased restriction in either
system with oil of an acceptable quality. Refer the air intake or the exhaust system can reduce
to the applicable sections in the Operation and the flow of combustion gas through the engine. A
Maintenance Manual. change in the flow of combustion air into the engine
adversely affects combustion efficiency and the rate
4. If the oil is of an acceptable quality, refer to of fuel consumption.
“Operation in Cold Conditions”.
KENR6933 59
Troubleshooting Section
1. Check the air intake system for leakage or 1. Use the electronic service tool to check for
restrictions. Refer to Testing and Adjusting, “Air active diagnostic codes that relate to the primary
Inlet and Exhaust System”. speed/timing sensor.
2. Check the exhaust system for leakage or 2. If necessary, replace the primary speed/timing
restrictions. Refer to Testing and Adjusting, “Air sensor. Refer to Disassembly and Assembly,
Inlet and Exhaust System”. “Speed/Timing Sensor - Remove and Install”.
2. Check the components for the following conditions: Low Coolant Temperature
abnormal wear, excessive wear, straightness,
and cleanliness. If necessary, use new parts for Check that the water temperature regulator is
replacement. operating correctly. Refer to Testing and Adjusting,
“Water Temperature Regulator - Test”.
Note: If the camshaft is replaced, new valve lifters
must also be used. If the water temperature regulator is operating
correctly, refer to “Glow Plugs”.
Valve Lash
Glow Plugs
Adjust the valve lash of the engine. Refer to Testing
and Adjusting, “Engine Valve Lash - Inspect/Adjust” 1. Check for proper operation of the glow plugs.
for the correct procedure. Refer to Testing and Adjusting, “Glow Plugs -
Test”.
i02414539
2. If the repairs do not eliminate the fault refer to
Excessive White Smoke “Fuel Quality”.
Fuel Quality
Note: Some white smoke may be present during 1. Check the diesel fuel for quality. Refer to Testing
cold start-up conditions when the engine is operating and Adjusting, “Fuel Quality - Test”.
normally. If the white smoke persists, there may be a
fault. Note: Diesel fuel with a low cetane value is likely to
cause white smoke.
Probable Causes 2. If the repair does not eliminate the fault refer to
“Valve Lash”.
• Coolant temperature sensor circuit
• Low coolant temperature Valve Lash
• Valve lash 2. If the repair does not eliminate the fault proceed to
“Low Compression (cylinder pressure)”.
• Low compression (cylinder pressure)
Low Compression (cylinder pressure)
• Individual malfunctioning cylinder
1. Perform a compression test. Refer to Testing and
Adjusting, “Compression - Test ”.
Recommended Actions
2. If low compression is noted on any cylinders,
Coolant Temperature Sensor Circuit investigate the cause and rectify the cause.
1. Connect the electronic service tool to the Possible causes of low compression are shown
diagnostic connector. in the following list:
2. Monitor the display screen on the electronic • Loose glow plugs
service tool in order to verify the presence of active
diagnostic codes for the coolant temperature. • Faulty piston
Refer to Troubleshooting, “Engine Temperature
Sensor Open or Short Circuit - Test”. • Faulty piston rings
3. If the fault has not been eliminated, proceed to • Worn cylinder bores
“Low Coolant Temperature”.
• Worn valves
• Faulty cylinder head gasket
KENR6933 61
Troubleshooting Section
2. Rectify any faults. 1. Check for blocked air filters. Check for obstructions
in the air intake.
i02414540
2. Replace the air filters or remove the obstruction
Intake Air Temperature Is Too from the air intake.
Make sure that the settings for the engine are correct
for the altitude.
Probable Causes
Intake Air from a Heated Area
• High ambient air temperature
1. Ensure that the air inlet system is not receiving
• Intake air restriction and/or high altitude air from a heated area.
• Intake air from a heated area 2. If necessary, relocate the air supply to the intake
manifold to the outside of the engine enclosure.
• Intake manifold air temperature sensor and/or
circuit 3. Check for air leaks in the pipe between the air inlet
and the inlet to the turbocharger compressor.
• Insufficient ambient air flow over the engine
Intake Manifold Air Temperature Sensor
• Reduced ambient air flow through the air charge and/or the Circuit
cooler
1. Allow the intake manifold air temperature sensor
• Reduced flow of intake air through the air charge to cool and remove the sensor. Check the reading
cooler for the intake air temperature. If the sensor is
operating correctly, the reading and the ambient
Recommended Actions temperature are approximately equal.
High Ambient Air Temperature 2. If the readings are approximately equal, reinstall
the sensor.
1. Determine if the ambient air temperature is within
the design specifications for the cooling system 3. If the reading is not correct, replace the sensor
and the air charge cooler. with a sensor that is known to be good. Verify that
the fault is rectified.
62 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
Reduced Flow of Intake Air through the Check for any event and active diagnostic codes on
the electronic service tool. Troubleshoot any active
Air Charge Cooler
codes or recently logged diagnostic codes before
1. Check for contamination in the air pipe that continuing with this procedure.
connects the turbocharger to the air charge cooler.
Air Intake
a. If dirt is found in the air pipe from the
turbocharger to the air charge cooler, check 1. Check the air filter for blockage or restriction.
all of the air inlet pipes upstream of the
turbocharger for leaks. 2. Check the air intake duct for blockages or
restrictions.
b. Clean all contaminated air inlet pipes or replace
all contaminated air inlet pipes. Electrical Connectors
c. Service the air cleaner and replace the air 1. Check for correct installation of ECM connectors
cleaner element. at the following locations:
2. If a thick oil film is found in the air pipe, inspect the • P1 ECM connector
turbocharger compressor housing. Examine both
the inlet to the turbocharger compressor housing • P2 ECM connector
and the outlet from the turbocharger compressor
for oil. • P532 Fuel rail pump solenoid connector
a. If oil is found in the inlet to the turbocharger 2. Refer to Troubleshooting, “Electrical Connectors
compressor housing, the oil originates from the - Inspect”.
engine crankcase breather.
3. Inspect the battery wires from the ECM to the
b. If oil is found in the outlet from the turbocharger battery compartment. Refer to the Engine Wiring
compressor housing but oil is not found in Diagram. Inspect the wires and the power relay.
the inlet to the compressor housing, the oil Check the power and ground connections to the
originates from the seals for the turbocharger ECM. Refer to Troubleshooting, “Fuel Injection
bearings. Pump Circuit - Test” for more information.
KENR6933 63
Troubleshooting Section
5. Select the “Wiggle Test” from the diagnostic tests Note: Use this procedure only if the engine does not
on the electronic service tool. shut down completely.
6. Choose the appropriate group of parameters to
monitor. Probable Causes
7. Press the “Start” button. Wiggle the wiring harness • Diagnostic codes
in order to reproduce intermittent faults.
• Electrical connectors
Note: If an intermittent fault exists, the status will be
highlighted and an audible beep will be heard. • ECM connection
8. Repair any faults and ensure that the symptom • Fuel supply
has been cleared. If the symptom is still present,
refer to “Fuel Supply”. • Intake manifold pressure
NOTICE NOTICE
Do not crank the engine continuously for more than Do not crank the engine continuously for more than
30 seconds. Allow the starting motor to cool for two 30 seconds. Allow the starting motor to cool for two
minutes before cranking the engine again. minutes before cranking the engine again.
1. Visually check the fuel tank for fuel. The fuel Diagnostic Codes
gauge may be faulty.
Check for active diagnostic codes and event codes
2. Ensure that the fuel supply valve (if equipped) is on the electronic service tool. Troubleshoot any
in the full OPEN position. active codes before continuing with this procedure.
3. If a fault is suspected with the ECM power and 3. The intake manifold pressure should read
ground connections refer to Troubleshooting, 0 ± 0.5 kPa (0 ± 0.07 psi). If the intake manifold
“Electrical Power Supply Circuit - Test”. pressure is not within the limits, perform the
following steps.
4. Verify that the ECM connections for the power and
ground connections at the fuel pump are correctly 4. Check the air filter restriction indicator, if equipped.
connected.
5. Ensure that the air filter is clean and serviceable.
5. Repair any faults and ensure that the faults have
been eliminated. 6. Check the air intake and the exhaust system for
the following defects:
6. If the repairs do not eliminate the faults, proceed
to “Fuel Supply”. • Blockages
1. Visually check the fuel tank for fuel. The fuel • Damage to the air intake and exhaust lines and
gauge may be faulty. hoses
1. Use the electronic service tool to verify the intake Engine Oil Level
manifold pressure.
1. Inspect the engine oil level. If necessary, add oil.
2. Turn the start switch to the ON position.
2. If the fault is still apparent, refer to “Oil
Specification”.
KENR6933 65
Troubleshooting Section
3. If the fault is still apparent, refer to “Engine Oil Engine Oil Pump
Pressure Gauge”.
1. Inspect the components of the engine oil pump for
Engine Oil Pressure Gauge excessive wear. Repair the oil pump or replace
the oil pump, if necessary. Refer to Disassembly
1. Check the actual engine oil pressure with a and Assembly, “Engine Oil Pump - Remove”,
calibrated test gauge. Compare the oil pressure Disassembly and Assembly, “Engine Oil Pump -
reading from the electronic service tool to the Install” and Disassembly and Assembly, “Engine
pressure on the test gauge. Oil Relief Valve - Remove and Install”.
2. If no difference is noted between the indicated oil 2. If no faults are found, refer to “Bearing Clearance”.
pressures, refer to “Engine Oil Filter”.
Bearing Clearance
Engine Oil Filter
Inspect the engine components for excessive bearing
1. Remove the engine oil filter. Refer to the Operation clearance or damaged bearings. If necessary,
and Maintenance Manual, “Engine Oil and Filter replace the bearings and/or the components. Inspect
- Change”. the following components for excessive bearing
clearance:
2. Inspect the engine oil filter for evidence of
blockage. • Crankshaft main bearings
3. Install a new engine oil filter. Refer to the • Connecting rod bearings
Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Engine Oil
and Filter - Change”. • Camshaft front bearing
4. If the fault is still apparent, refer to “Engine Oil • Idler gear bearing
Cooler”.
i02535524
Engine Oil Cooler
Low Power/Poor or No
1. If oil flow or coolant flow through the oil cooler
is suspected of being low, replace the oil cooler. Response to Throttle
Refer to Disassembly and Assembly, “Engine
Oil Cooler - Remove” and Disassembly and
Assembly, “Engine Oil Cooler - Install”.
Probable Causes
2. If the fault is still apparent, refer to “Piston Cooling
Jets”. • Diagnostic codes
Piston Cooling Jets • ECM parameters
1. Inspect the piston cooling jets for damage. • Electrical connectors
Replace any piston cooling jet that appears to be
cracked, broken or missing. Refer to Disassembly • Air intake and exhaust system
and Assembly, “Piston Cooling Jets - Remove
and Install”. • Valve lash
2. If no damage is found, refer to “Engine Oil Suction • Turbocharger
Tube”.
66 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
• Fuel supply 5. Use the electronic service tool to make sure that
the throttle is set to reach the maximum no-load
• Low compression (cylinder pressure) speed.
• Individual malfunctioning cylinder 6. If the maximum no-load speed can not be obtained
refer to Troubleshooting, “Throttle Switch Circuit
• Electronic unit injectors - Test” and Troubleshooting, “Mode Selection
Circuit - Test”.
Recommended Actions 7. If the engine speed is erratic refer to
Troubleshooting, “Analog Throttle Position Sensor
NOTICE Circuit - Test” or Troubleshooting, “Digital Throttle
Do not crank the engine continuously for more than Position Sensor Circuit - Test”.
30 seconds. Allow the starting motor to cool for two
minutes before cranking the engine again. 8. If the fault has not been eliminated, proceed to
“Air Intake and Exhaust System”.
Diagnostic Codes
Air Intake and Exhaust System
Check for active diagnostic codes on the electronic
service tool. Troubleshoot any active codes before 1. Check the air filter restriction indicator, if equipped.
continuing with this procedure.
2. Ensure that the air filter is clean and serviceable.
ECM Parameters 3. Check the air intake and the exhaust system for
the following defects:
1. Use the electronic service tool to make sure that
the FLS and FTS parameters have been correctly
entered.
• Blockages
6. If the repairs have not eliminated the faults 1. Check the valve lash and reset the valve lash, if
proceed to “Electrical Connectors”. necessary. Refer to Testing and Adjusting, “Engine
Valve lash - Inspect and Adjust”.
Electrical Connectors 2. If the repair does not eliminate the fault proceed
to “Turbocharger”.
1. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position.
3. Check that the compressor housing for the Low Compression (Cylinder Pressure)
turbocharger is free of dirt and debris.
1. Perform a compression test. Refer to Testing and
4. Check that the turbine housing for the turbocharger Adjusting, “Compression - Test ”.
is free of dirt and debris.
2. If low compression is noted on any cylinders,
5. Check that the turbine blades rotate freely in the investigate the cause and rectify any faults.
turbocharger.
Possible causes of low compression are shown
6. Ensure that the wastegate on the turbocharger is in the following list:
adjusted correctly. Refer to Testing and Adjusting,
“Wastegate - Inspect”. If the wastegate actuator • Loose glow plugs
is faulty, replace the wastegate actuator. Refer
to Disassembly and Assembly, “Turbocharger - • Faulty piston
Disassemble” and Disassembly and Assembly,
“Turbocharger - Assemble”. • Faulty piston rings
7. If necessary, replace the turbocharger. Refer • Worn cylinder bores
to Disassembly and Assembly, “Turbocharger
- Remove” and Disassembly and Assembly, • Worn valves
“Turbocharger - Install”.
• Faulty cylinder head gasket
8. Check that the repairs have eliminated the faults.
• Damaged cylinder head
9. If the fault has not been eliminated, proceed to
“Fuel Supply”. 3. Perform all necessary repairs.
Fuel Supply 4. Ensure that the repairs have eliminated the faults.
1. Visually check the fuel tank for fuel. The fuel 5. If the repair does not eliminate the fault refer to
gauge may be faulty. “Individual Malfunctioning Cylinders”.
2. Ensure that the fuel supply valve (if equipped) is Individual Malfunctioning Cylinders
in the full OPEN position.
1. Use the electronic service tool to perform the
3. If the temperature is below 0 °C (32 °F), check “Cylinder Cut-out Test”. Note if there is any
for solidified fuel (wax). reduction in engine speed. If a reduction in engine
speed is not noted, the isolated cylinder is not
4. Check the primary filter/water separator for water operating under normal conditions. If the isolation
in the fuel. of a particular cylinder results in a reduction of
engine speed that is less than normal, this may
5. Check for fuel supply lines that are restricted. indicate that the cylinder is operating below normal
performance. Investigate the cause of the fault on
6. Check that the low pressure fuel lines are tight any cylinder that is not operating. Investigate the
and secured properly. cause of the fault on any cylinder that is operating
below normal performance.
7. Check the fuel filters.
2. If all cylinders have been checked and no
8. Check the diesel fuel for contamination. Refer to faults were detected proceed to “Electronic Unit
Testing and Adjusting, “Fuel Quality - Test”. Injectors”.
9. Check for air in the fuel system. Refer to Testing Electronic Unit Injectors
and Adjusting, “Air in Fuel - Test”.
1. Use the electronic service tool to perform the
10. Ensure that the fuel system has been primed. “Cylinder Cut-out Test”. Note if there is any
Refer to Testing and Adjusting, “Fuel System - reduction in engine speed. If a reduction in engine
Prime”. speed is not noted, the isolated electronic unit
injector is not operating under normal conditions.
11. Check the fuel pressure. Refer to Testing and If the isolation of a particular cylinder results in a
Adjusting, “Fuel System Pressure - Test”. reduction of engine speed that is less than normal,
this may indicate that the electronic unit injector is
12. If the repair does not eliminate the fault refer to operating below normal performance.
“Low Compression (Cylinder Pressure)”.
68 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
2. Remove the electronic unit injector from the 2. If the mechanical noise is still apparent, refer to
suspect cylinder. Refer to Disassembly and “Pistons”.
Assembly, “Electronic Unit Injector - Remove”.
Pistons
3. Install a new electronic unit injector. Refer to
Disassembly and Assembly, “Electronic Unit 1. Inspect the pistons for damage and wear. Replace
Injector - Install”. any damaged parts.
4. Repeat the test in 1. If the fault is still apparent, 2. If the mechanical noise is still apparent, refer to
remove the replacement electronic unit injector “Connecting Rod and Main Bearings”.
and install the original electronic unit injector.
Refer to Disassembly and Assembly, “Electronic
Unit Injector - Remove” and Disassembly and
Connecting Rod and Main Bearings
Assembly, “Electronic Unit Injector - Install”.
Inspect the connecting rod and main bearings.
Also, inspect the bearing surfaces (journals) on the
5. If the fault is not eliminated, check for active
crankshaft. Replace any damaged parts.
diagnostic fault codes.
i02529391
i02529009
2. If the mechanical noise is still apparent, refer to b. Replace the fuel filters. Refer to the Operation
“Valve Train Components”. and Maintenance Manual, “Fuel System
Primary Filter (Water Separator) Element -
Valve Train Components Replace” and Operation and Maintenance
Manual, “Fuel System Filter - Replace”.
1. Remove the valve mechanism cover. Check
the following items for damage: camshaft, valve c. Fill the fuel system with fuel that meets the
springs, lifters, pushrods, and bridges. Thoroughly standard in Operation and Maintenance
clean the valve train components. If the camshaft Manual, “Fluid Recommendations”.
is being replaced, also replace the valve lifters.
Ensure that all of the valves move freely. Replace d. Prime the fuel system. Refer to Operation and
any damaged parts. Maintenance Manual, “Fuel System - Prime”.
Pistons
1. Inspect the pistons for damage and wear. Replace
any damaged parts.
Valve Lash
1. Refer to Troubleshooting, “Excessive Valve Lash”.
Troubleshooting with a
Diagnostic Code
i02444929
Table 34
3rd Party
Device Flash
CDL Code Description
J1939 Code
Code
N/A No Diagnostic Code Detected N/A 551
0001-02 Cylinder #1 Injector Data Incorrect 651-2 111
0001-05 Cylinder #1 Injector open circuit 651-5 111
0001-06 Cylinder #1 Injector short 651-6 111
0001-07 Cylinder #1 Injector Not Responding 651-7 111
0002-02 Cylinder #2 Injector Data Incorrect 652-2 112
0002-05 Cylinder #2 Injector open circuit 652-5 112
0002-06 Cylinder #2 Injector short 652-6 112
0002-07 Cylinder #2 Injector Not Responding 652-27 112
0003-02 Cylinder #3 Injector Data Incorrect 653-2 113
0003-05 Cylinder #3 Injector open circuit 653-5 113
0003-06 Cylinder #3 Injector short 653-6 113
0003-07 Cylinder #3 Injector Not Responding 653-7 113
0004-02 Cylinder #4 Injector Data Incorrect 654-2 114
0004-05 Cylinder #4 Injector open circuit 654-5 114
0004-06 Cylinder #4 Injector short 654-6 114
0004-07 Cylinder #4 Injector Not Responding 654-7 114
0005-02 Cylinder #5 Injector Data Incorrect 655-2 115
0005-05 Cylinder #5 Injector open circuit 655-5 115
0005-06 Cylinder #5 Injector short 655-6 115
0005-07 Cylinder #5 Injector Not Responding 655-7 115
0006-02 Cylinder #6 Injector Data Incorrect 656-2 116
0006-05 Cylinder #6 Injector open circuit 656-5 116
0006-06 Cylinder #6 Injector short 656-6 116
0006-07 Cylinder #6 Injector Not Responding 656-7 116
0041-03 8 Volt DC Supply short to +batt 678-03 517
0041-04 8 Volt DC Supply short to ground 678-04 517
0091-03 Accelerator pedal - voltage above normal 91-03 154
(continued)
KENR6933 71
Troubleshooting Section
i02412499 • Data from the electronic unit injector for the No. 1
cylinder is out of limits.
No Diagnostic Codes Detected
• Diagnostic code 0168-01 is not active.
• Diagnostic codes 0001-05 and 0001-06 are not
Conditions Which Generate This Code: active.
A flash code 0551 indicates that there are no detected • No 0041 diagnostic codes are active.
faults in the system since the previous powering up.
• No 0262 diagnostic codes are active.
System Response:
• Diagnostic code 0190-08 is not active.
This code will not appear on the electronic service
tool. The indicator lamps will flash the diagnostic • No 0110 diagnostic codes are active.
code. For more information on flash codes, refer to
Troubleshooting, “Indicator Lamps”. System Response:
Possible Performance Effect: If equipped, the warning light will come on. An active
diagnostic code will be generated. The ECM will log
None the diagnostic code.
There are no faults that require troubleshooting. Possible Performance Effect:
Results: The engine will be derated while this diagnostic code
is active.
• OK – STOP.
Troubleshooting:
i02655551
Perform the following diagnostic procedure: “Injector
CID 0001 FMI 02 Data Incorrect - Test”
Results:
i02748533 i02748548
Conditions Which Generate This Code: Conditions Which Generate This Code:
This diagnostic code is designed to indicate an open This diagnostic code is designed to indicate a short
circuit (low current) in either the solenoid or the wiring circuit (high current) in either the solenoid or the
for the electronic unit injector for No. 1 cylinder. wiring for the electronic unit injector for No. 1 cylinder.
The Electronic Control Module (ECM) detects the The Electronic Control Module (ECM) detects the
following condition: following conditions:
• A low current condition (open circuit) for each of • A high current condition (short circuit) for each of
five consecutive attempts to operate five consecutive attempts to operate
• Battery voltage is higher than 9 volts for 2 seconds. • Battery voltage above 9 volts for 2 seconds
System Response: System Response:
If equipped, the warning light will come on. The ECM If equipped, the warning light will come on. The ECM
will log the diagnostic code. will log the diagnostic code.
The engine will have low power and/or rough running. The engine will have low power and/or rough running.
Troubleshooting: Troubleshooting:
When an injector cutout test is performed, a faulty When an injector cutout test is performed, a faulty
electronic unit injector will indicate a low reading in electronic unit injector will indicate a low reading in
comparison with the other electronic unit injectors. comparison with the other electronic unit injectors.
An electrical fault can prevent the electronic unit An electrical fault can prevent the electronic unit
injector from operating. An open circuit in the wiring injector from operating. A short circuit in the wiring or
that is unique to the electronic unit injector will prevent the ECM that is unique to one electronic unit injector
that individual electronic unit injector from operating. will prevent that individual electronic unit injector from
An open circuit in common wiring within the ECM can operating. A short circuit in common wiring within the
prevent the three electronic unit injectors that share ECM can prevent the three electronic unit injectors
that common wiring from operating. that share that common wiring from operating.
The ECM will continue to attempt to operate the The ECM will continue to attempt to operate the
electronic unit injector after the diagnostic code has electronic unit injector after the diagnostic code
been logged but an open circuit will prevent the has been logged but a short circuit will prevent the
operation of the electronic unit injector. operation of the electronic unit injector.
Perform the following diagnostic procedure: “Injector Perform the following diagnostic procedure: “Injector
Solenoid Circuit - Test” Solenoid Circuit - Test”
Results: Results:
• OK – STOP. • OK – STOP.
74 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
• Data from the electronic unit injector for the No. 2 Possible Performance Effect:
cylinder is out of limits.
The engine will have low power and/or rough running.
• Diagnostic code 0168-01 is not active.
Troubleshooting:
• Diagnostic codes 0001-05 and 0001-06 are not
active. When an injector cutout test is performed, a faulty
electronic unit injector will indicate a low reading in
• No 0041 diagnostic codes are active. comparison with the other electronic unit injectors.
KENR6933 75
Troubleshooting Section
An electrical fault can prevent the electronic unit The ECM will continue to attempt to operate the
injector from operating. An open circuit in the wiring electronic unit injector after the diagnostic code
that is unique to the electronic unit injector will prevent has been logged but a short circuit will prevent the
that individual electronic unit injector from operating. operation of the electronic unit injector.
An open circuit in common wiring within the ECM can
prevent the three electronic unit injectors that share Perform the following diagnostic procedure: “Injector
that common wiring from operating. Solenoid Circuit - Test”
The Electronic Control Module (ECM) detects the Possible Performance Effect:
following conditions:
The engine will be derated by 20%.
• A high current condition (short circuit) for each of
five consecutive attempts to operate Troubleshooting:
• Battery voltage above 9 volts for 2 seconds Replace the suspect electronic unit injector. Refer
to Disassembly and Assembly, “Electronic Unit
System Response: Injector - Remove” and Disassembly and Assembly,
“Electronic Unit Injector - Install”.
If equipped, the warning light will come on. The ECM
will log the diagnostic code. Use the electronic service tool to perform the fuel
system verification test.
Possible Performance Effect:
Perform the following diagnostic procedure: “None”
The engine will have low power and/or rough running.
Results:
Troubleshooting:
• OK – STOP.
When an injector cutout test is performed, a faulty
electronic unit injector will indicate a low reading in
i02655554
comparison with the other electronic unit injectors.
• Data from the electronic unit injector for the No. 3 Possible Performance Effect:
cylinder is out of limits.
The engine will have low power and/or rough running.
• Diagnostic code 0168-01 is not active.
Troubleshooting:
• Diagnostic codes 0001-05 and 0001-06 are not
active. When an injector cutout test is performed, a faulty
electronic unit injector will indicate a low reading in
• No 0041 diagnostic codes are active. comparison with the other electronic unit injectors.
• No 0262 diagnostic codes are active. An electrical fault can prevent the electronic unit
injector from operating. An open circuit in the wiring
• Diagnostic code 0190-08 is not active. that is unique to the electronic unit injector will prevent
that individual electronic unit injector from operating.
• No 0110 diagnostic codes are active. An open circuit in common wiring within the ECM can
prevent the three electronic unit injectors that share
System Response: that common wiring from operating.
If equipped, the warning light will come on. An active The ECM will continue to attempt to operate the
diagnostic code will be generated. The ECM will log electronic unit injector after the diagnostic code has
the diagnostic code. been logged but an open circuit will prevent the
operation of the electronic unit injector.
Possible Performance Effect:
Perform the following diagnostic procedure: “Injector
The engine will be derated while this diagnostic code Solenoid Circuit - Test”
is active.
Results:
Troubleshooting:
• OK – STOP.
Perform the following diagnostic procedure: “Injector
Data Incorrect - Test”
i02748639
Conditions Which Generate This Code: The Electronic Control Module (ECM) detects the
following conditions:
This diagnostic code is designed to indicate an open
circuit (low current) in either the solenoid or the wiring • A high current condition (short circuit) for each of
for the electronic unit injector for No. 3 cylinder. five consecutive attempts to operate
The Electronic Control Module (ECM) detects the • Battery voltage above 9 volts for 2 seconds
following condition:
System Response:
• A low current condition (open circuit) for each of
five consecutive attempts to operate If equipped, the warning light will come on. The ECM
will log the diagnostic code.
• Battery voltage is higher than 9 volts for 2 seconds.
Possible Performance Effect:
System Response:
The engine will have low power and/or rough running.
If equipped, the warning light will come on. The ECM
will log the diagnostic code.
KENR6933 77
Troubleshooting Section
Troubleshooting: Results:
If equipped, the warning light will come on. The The engine will be derated while this diagnostic code
Electronic Control Module (ECM) will log the is active.
diagnostic code.
Troubleshooting:
Note: The diagnostic code can be viewed on the
electronic service tool. Perform the following diagnostic procedure: “Injector
Data Incorrect - Test”
Possible Performance Effect:
Results:
The engine will be derated by 20%.
• OK – STOP.
Troubleshooting:
i02748657
Replace the suspect electronic unit injector. Refer
to Disassembly and Assembly, “Electronic Unit
Injector - Remove” and Disassembly and Assembly,
CID 0004 FMI 05
“Electronic Unit Injector - Install”.
Use the electronic service tool to perform the fuel Conditions Which Generate This Code:
system verification test.
This diagnostic code is designed to indicate an open
Perform the following diagnostic procedure: “None” circuit (low current) in either the solenoid or the wiring
for the electronic unit injector for No. 4 cylinder.
78 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
The Electronic Control Module (ECM) detects the • Battery voltage above 9 volts for 2 seconds
following condition:
System Response:
• A low current condition (open circuit) for each of
five consecutive attempts to operate If equipped, the warning light will come on. The ECM
will log the diagnostic code.
• Battery voltage is higher than 9 volts for 2 seconds.
Possible Performance Effect:
System Response:
The engine will have low power and/or rough running.
If equipped, the warning light will come on. The ECM
will log the diagnostic code. Troubleshooting:
System Response:
Conditions Which Generate This Code:
If equipped, the warning light will come on. The
This diagnostic code is designed to indicate a short Electronic Control Module (ECM) will log the
circuit (high current) in either the solenoid or the diagnostic code.
wiring for the electronic unit injector for No. 4 cylinder.
Note: The diagnostic code can be viewed on the
The Electronic Control Module (ECM) detects the electronic service tool.
following conditions:
Possible Performance Effect:
• A high current condition (short circuit) for each of
five consecutive attempts to operate The engine will be derated by 20%.
KENR6933 79
Troubleshooting Section
Troubleshooting: i02748722
Replace the suspect electronic unit injector. Refer CID 0005 FMI 05
to Disassembly and Assembly, “Electronic Unit
Injector - Remove” and Disassembly and Assembly,
“Electronic Unit Injector - Install”.
Conditions Which Generate This Code:
Use the electronic service tool to perform the fuel
system verification test. This diagnostic code is designed to indicate an open
circuit (low current) in either the solenoid or the wiring
Perform the following diagnostic procedure: “None” for the electronic unit injector for No. 5 cylinder.
CID 0005 FMI 02 • Battery voltage is higher than 9 volts for 2 seconds.
System Response:
Results:
• OK – STOP.
80 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
i02748725 i02752010
Conditions Which Generate This Code: Conditions Which Generate This Code:
This diagnostic code is designed to indicate a short The electronic unit injector is no longer capable of
circuit (high current) in either the solenoid or the delivering the correct amount of fuel.
wiring for the electronic unit injector for No. 5 cylinder.
System Response:
The Electronic Control Module (ECM) detects the
following conditions: If equipped, the warning light will come on. The
Electronic Control Module (ECM) will log the
• A high current condition (short circuit) for each of diagnostic code.
five consecutive attempts to operate
Note: The diagnostic code can be viewed on the
• Battery voltage above 9 volts for 2 seconds electronic service tool.
If equipped, the warning light will come on. The ECM The engine will be derated by 20%.
will log the diagnostic code.
Troubleshooting:
Possible Performance Effect:
Replace the suspect electronic unit injector. Refer
The engine will have low power and/or rough running. to Disassembly and Assembly, “Electronic Unit
Injector - Remove” and Disassembly and Assembly,
Troubleshooting: “Electronic Unit Injector - Install”.
When an injector cutout test is performed, a faulty Use the electronic service tool to perform the fuel
electronic unit injector will indicate a low reading in system verification test.
comparison with the other electronic unit injectors.
Perform the following diagnostic procedure: “None”
An electrical fault can prevent the electronic unit
injector from operating. A short circuit in the wiring or Results:
the ECM that is unique to one electronic unit injector
will prevent that individual electronic unit injector from • OK – STOP.
operating. A short circuit in common wiring within the
ECM can prevent the three electronic unit injectors
i02752011
that share that common wiring from operating.
Perform the following diagnostic procedure: “Injector The Electronic Control Module (ECM) detects the
Solenoid Circuit - Test” following condition:
Results: • Data from the electronic unit injector for the No. 6
cylinder is out of limits.
• OK – STOP.
• Diagnostic code 0168-01 is not active.
• Diagnostic codes 0001-05 and 0001-06 are not
active for the No. 6 cylinder.
• No 0262 diagnostic codes are active. An electrical fault can prevent the electronic unit
injector from operating. An open circuit in the wiring
• Diagnostic code 0190-08 is not active. that is unique to the electronic unit injector will prevent
that individual electronic unit injector from operating.
• No 0110 diagnostic codes are active. An open circuit in common wiring within the ECM can
prevent the three electronic unit injectors that share
System Response: that common wiring from operating.
If equipped, the warning light will come on. An active The ECM will continue to attempt to operate the
diagnostic code will be generated. The ECM will log electronic unit injector after the diagnostic code has
the diagnostic code. The ECM will trigger a snapshot. been logged but an open circuit will prevent the
operation of the electronic unit injector.
Possible Performance Effect:
Perform the following diagnostic procedure: “Injector
The engine will be derated while this diagnostic code Solenoid Circuit - Test”
is active.
Results:
Troubleshooting:
• OK – STOP.
Perform the following diagnostic procedure: “Injector
Data Incorrect - Test”
i02752013
Conditions Which Generate This Code: The Electronic Control Module (ECM) detects the
following conditions:
This diagnostic code is designed to indicate an open
circuit (low current) in either the solenoid or the wiring • A high current condition (short circuit) for each of
for the electronic unit injector for No. 6 cylinder. five consecutive attempts to operate
The Electronic Control Module (ECM) detects the • Battery voltage above 9 volts for 2 seconds
following condition:
System Response:
• A low current condition (open circuit) for each of
five consecutive attempts to operate If equipped, the warning light will come on. The ECM
will log the diagnostic code.
• Battery voltage is higher than 9 volts for 2 seconds.
Possible Performance Effect:
System Response:
The engine will have low power and/or rough running.
If equipped, the warning light will come on. The ECM
will log the diagnostic code. Troubleshooting:
CID 0006 FMI 07 • The ECM has been powered for more than three
seconds.
If equipped, the warning light will come on. The ECM • Diagnostic code 0168-01 is not active.
will trigger a snapshot. The ECM logs the diagnostic
System Response:
code if the engine is running. The diagnostic codes
can be viewed on the electronic service tool. The
ECM will return the engine to low idle. If equipped, the warning light will come on. The ECM
will trigger a snapshot. The ECM logs the diagnostic
code if the engine is running. The diagnostic codes
Possible Performance Effect:
can be viewed on the electronic service tool. The
ECM will return the engine to low idle.
• Low power
Possible Performance Effect:
• Reduced engine speed
• Low power
• Reduced engine speed
84 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
None
KENR6933 85
Troubleshooting Section
Troubleshooting: i02655616
CID 0100 FMI 04 • No 0262 diagnostic codes are active for the 5 Volt
supply.
• OK – STOP.
86 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
The ECM will log the diagnostic code. If equipped, Perform the following diagnostic procedure: “Ignition
the warning lamp may come on. Keyswitch Circuit and Battery Supply Circuit - Test”
None • OK – STOP.
Troubleshooting:
i02655633
• The engine is running for more than three seconds. The ECM may stop injecting fuel. This may be
dependent on the length of time of the occurrence
• For 24 Volt DC systems, the battery voltage to the of the fault.
ECM is below 18 Volts for more than 0.5 seconds.
The check engine lamp and the warning lamp may
• For 12 Volt DC systems, the battery voltage to the come on as if the keyswitch was just turned on and
ECM is below 9 Volts for more than 0.5 seconds. the engine started.
The ECM will log the diagnostic code. The engine may experience changes in the engine
rpm, and intermittent engine shutdowns or complete
The engine will derate 100 percent. engine shutdowns while the conditions that cause
this diagnostic code are present.
If equipped, the warning lamp may come on.
Troubleshooting:
Possible Performance Effect:
Perform the following diagnostic procedure: “Ignition
The engine may experience changes in the engine Keyswitch Circuit and Battery Supply Circuit - Test”
rpm, and intermittent engine shutdowns or complete
engine shutdowns while the conditions that cause Results:
this diagnostic code are present.
• OK – STOP.
88 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
i02655634 i02655635
Conditions Which Generate This Code: Conditions Which Generate This Code:
The Electronic Control Module (ECM) detects the The Electronic Control Module (ECM) detects the
following conditions: following conditions:
• The signal voltage from the intake manifold air • The signal voltage from the intake manifold air
temperature sensor is greater than 4.95 Volts DC temperature sensor is less than 0.2 Volts DC for
for more than eight seconds. more than eight seconds.
• Engine coolant temperature is above −10 °C • The ECM has been powered for at least two
(15.0 °F). seconds.
• The ECM has been powered for at least two • Diagnostic code 0168-01 is not active.
seconds.
System Response:
• Diagnostic code 0168-01 is not active.
The ECM will use the default value of 70 °C (158 °F)
System Response: for the intake manifold air temperature. “Voltage
Low” will be displayed next to the status for “Intake
The ECM will use the default value of 70 °C (158 °F) Manifold Air Temperature” on the electronic service
for the intake manifold air temperature. “Voltage tool.
High” will be displayed next to the status for “Intake
Manifold Air Temperature” on the electronic service If equipped, the warning light will be on. The ECM will
tool. log the diagnostic code.
If equipped, the warning light will be on. The ECM will Possible Performance Effect:
log the diagnostic code.
• Poor stability
Possible Performance Effect:
• Poor cold running
• Poor stability
• White smoke
• Poor cold running
• Black smoke
• White smoke
• Poor acceleration under load
• Black smoke
Troubleshooting:
• Poor acceleration under load
This fault can be caused by a sensor that is shorted
Troubleshooting: to ground or a sensor that is internally shorted.
This fault can be caused by an open circuit or a short Perform the following diagnostic procedure: “Engine
to a power source. Temperature Sensor Open or Short Circuit - Test”
• OK – STOP.
KENR6933 89
Troubleshooting Section
i02493342 Troubleshooting:
CID 0190 FMI 08 Perform the following diagnostic procedure: “CAN
Data Link Circuit - Test”
Results:
Conditions Which Generate This Code:
• OK – STOP.
The Electronic Control Module (ECM) detects the
following conditions:
i02527036
• The ECM detected an intermittent loss of signal CID 0247 FMI 12
or a complete loss of signal from the primary
speed/timing sensor for 2 seconds.
• The engine has been running for more than three Conditions Which Generate This Code:
seconds.
The engine will be derated. If the signal from the System Response:
secondary speed/timing sensor is also lost, the
engine will shut down. Engine speed functions that are controlled through
TSC1 will be disabled until the fault is rectified and
Troubleshooting: the keyswitch is cycled through the OFF position and
the ON position.
Perform the following diagnostic procedure: “Engine
Speed/Timing Sensor Circuit - Test” The engine speed will be reduced to a low idle. If
the engine is equipped with a secondary throttle,
Results: the engine speed will change to the speed that is
demanded by the secondary throttle.
• OK – STOP. The diagnostic code will be active and the diagnostic
code will be logged.
i02527035
Troubleshooting:
CID 0247 FMI 09
Check the configuration of the ECM. If the ECM for
the engine has been incorrectly configured to expect
a continuous TSC1 signal, remove “Continuous” for
Conditions Which Generate This Code: the TSC1 signal on the main “J1939” screen on the
electronic service tool.
The Electronic Control Module (ECM) detects the
following condition: Perform the following diagnostic procedure: ““Use
the OEM information to determine the machine ECM
• Another controller has stopped transmitting a that provides the continuous speed signal. Refer to
J1939 speed request (TSC1) incorrectly or another the troubleshooting procedures from the OEM to
controller has started transmitting a J1939 speed diagnose the faulty speed signal.””
request incorrectly.
Results:
System Response:
• OK – STOP.
Some system functions may not operate correctly.
90 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
Use the electronic service tool to install the correct The Electronic Control Module (ECM) detects the
flash file into the ECM. Refer to the Troubleshooting following conditions:
Guide, “Flash Programming”.
• The 5 Volt supply is greater than 5.16 Volts DC for
Perform the following diagnostic procedure: “None” more than one second.
• The 5 Volt supply is less than 4.84 Volts DC for The ECM may limit the engine to low idle and/or the
more than one second. ECM may derate the power. Engine performance and
emissions are affected.
• The ECM has been powered for at least three
seconds. Troubleshooting:
• Diagnostic code 0168-01 is not active. Use the electronic service tool to correct parameters
that have not been programmed or parameters that
System Response: have been incorrectly programmed.
The ECM sets all of the pressure sensors and Perform the following diagnostic procedure: “Flash
temperature sensors to the default values. Programming”
The ECM will derate the engine. Results:
Possible Performance Effect: • OK – STOP.
The engine will be derated.
i02527042
Troubleshooting:
CID 0342 FMI 08
Perform the following diagnostic procedure: “5 Volt
Sensor Supply Circuit - Test”
• Injector trim codes The ECM will illuminate the warning lamp and the
code is logged.
• Engine serial number
• All of the injector trim files are not loaded into the
ECM. Engine performance and emissions are
affected.
92 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
The performance will not be affected unless both CID 0526 FMI 06
speed signals are lost. The loss of the signals from
both speed/timing sensors will cause the ECM to shut
down the engine. The engine will not restart if the
signal from the secondary speed/timing sensor is lost. Conditions Which Generate This Code:
• Diagnostic codes 0526-05 and 0526-06 are not An electrical fault may prevent the provision of
active. pressure to the fuel rail. This may result in the loss
of fuel injection. If the solenoid for the fuel rail pump
• No 0262 diagnostic codes are active. fails, it is likely that fuel will not be pumped into the
fuel rail. The engine will stop or the engine will not
Note: This diagnostic code will only appear if an start.
electronically controlled wastegate is installed.
Perform the following diagnostic procedure: “Fuel
System Response: Rail Pump Solenoid - Test”
If equipped, the warning lamp will come on. The ECM Results:
will log the diagnostic code and the ECM will trigger
a snapshot. • OK – STOP.
Possible Performance Effect:
i02527058
• The engine may not reach top RPM. CID 1779 FMI 06
• The engine produces excessive black smoke.
• The engine has low power. Conditions Which Generate This Code:
Troubleshooting: This diagnostic code indicates that the Electronic
Control Module (ECM) has detected a short circuit or
When this diagnostic code is registered, the code high current condition in the solenoid for the fuel rail.
indicates that a mechanical problem exists in the
intake air system. The electronic part of the control System Response:
system will be operating correctly.
If equipped, the warning light will come on and the
Test the operation of the turbocharger wastegate. ECM will log the diagnostic code.
Refer to Testing and Adjusting, “Turbocharger -
Inspect”. Possible Performance Effect:
Results: An electrical fault may prevent the provision of
pressure to the fuel rail. This may result in the loss
• OK – STOP. of fuel injection. If the solenoid for the fuel rail pump
fails, it is likely that fuel will not be pumped into the
i02527057 fuel rail. The engine will stop or the engine will not
start.
CID 1779 FMI 05
Perform the following diagnostic procedure: “Fuel
Rail Pump Solenoid - Test”
• The signal voltage from the intake manifold • No 0262 codes for the 5 volt supply are active.
pressure sensor is above 4.95 VDC for at least
two seconds. • The keyswitch is in the “ON” position so that the
ECM is energized.
• Diagnostic code 0168-01 is not active.
System Response:
• No 0262 diagnostic codes for the 5 volt supply are
active. If equipped, the warning light will be on. The ECM
will log the diagnostic code. The ECM will trigger a
System Response: snapshot. The data for the intake manifold pressure
will be set to a maximum valid pressure for two
If equipped, the warning light will be on. The ECM seconds. The ECM will then flag the intake manifold
will log the diagnostic code. The ECM will trigger a pressure as being invalid. A default value is then
snapshot. The data for the intake manifold pressure used for the intake manifold pressure.
will be set to a maximum valid pressure for two
seconds. The ECM will then flag the intake manifold For engines with an electronically controlled
pressure as being invalid. A default value is then wastegate, the current for the wastegate solenoid
used for the intake manifold pressure. will be set to a default value while this code is active.
This will derate the engine. The derate will prevent
For engines with an electronically controlled any overpressure in the intake manifold which could
wastegate, the current for the wastegate solenoid be caused by an overspeed of the turbocharger.
will be set to a default value while this code is active.
This will derate the engine. The derate will prevent Possible Performance Effect:
any overpressure in the intake manifold which could
be caused by an overspeed of the turbocharger. • The engine will be derated by 100%.
Possible Performance Effect: Troubleshooting:
• The engine will be derated by 20%. This code can be caused by a short to ground or a
shorted sensor.
Troubleshooting:
Perform the following diagnostic procedure: “Engine
This diagnostic code can be caused by an open Pressure Sensor Open or Short Circuit - Test”
circuit or a short to another power source.
Results:
Perform the following diagnostic procedure: “Engine
Pressure Sensor Open or Short Circuit - Test” • OK – STOP.
Results:
i02655565
• The ECM has been powered for two seconds. • No 0262 codes for the 5 Volt supply are active.
• Diagnostic code 0168-01 is not active. • Diagnostic code 0168-01 is not active.
KENR6933 95
Troubleshooting Section
If equipped, the warning light will be on. The ECM will This code can be caused by a loss of reference
log the diagnostic code. The ECM will flag the intake ground, an open signal wire or a short to a voltage
manifold pressure as being invalid. A default value is source.
used for the intake manifold pressure.
Perform the following diagnostic procedure: “Engine
For engines with an electronically controlled Pressure Sensor Open or Short Circuit - Test”
wastegate, the current for the wastegate solenoid
will be set to a default value while this code is active. Results:
This will cause the engine to have poor acceleration
but the default setting will prevent any overpressure • OK – STOP.
in the intake manifold which could be caused by an
overspeed of the turbocharger.
i02656263
• The signal voltage for the pressure in the fuel rail is This diagnostic code can be caused by a loss of the
more than 4.8 Volts DC for 0.6 seconds. 5 Volt supply or a short to ground on the signal wire.
Engine shutdown
Troubleshooting:
Results:
• OK – STOP.
i02527065
i02411237 i02536030
Conditions Which Generate This Code: Note: The code is generated only when the engine
is running.
This event code will only be generated if the switch for
the air filter restriction is installed and the customer System Response:
programmable feature is enabled.
The event code will be logged.
The Electronic Control Module (ECM) detects a
problem with the air flow. If the air flow has been The optional warning lamp will be illuminated.
restricted for more than thirty seconds, the ECM will
generate this code. Possible Performance Effect:
The event code will be logged. Refer to Testing and Adjusting manual, “Fuel System
- Inspect”.
The optional warning lamp will be illuminated.
Results:
Possible Performance Effect:
• OK – STOP.
E172-1
The event code may represent a problem with Conditions Which Generate This Code:
the electronic system. This event code normally
indicates high air filter restriction. Refer to Testing The following conditions occur:
and Adjusting Manual, “Air Inlet and Exhaust System
- Inspect”. 360-1
98 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
360-2
360-3
g01269382
Illustration 16
Level 2 engine oil pressure versus engine speed
KENR6933 99
Troubleshooting Section
360-1
360-2
360-1 Troubleshooting:
The warning lamp will flash while the warning is Refer to Troubleshooting, “Low Engine Oil Pressure”.
active.
Results:
The Electronic Control Module (ECM) will generate a
46 flash code that will be displayed via the diagnostic • OK – STOP.
lamp.
i02655566
The ECM will generate a E360-1 event code.
E361 High Engine Coolant
The ECM will generate a SPN 100-FMI 17 event
code on the J1939 data link. The event code may be
Temperature
displayed on a receiving device on the J1939 data
link.
Conditions Which Generate This Code:
360-2
The Electronic Control Module (ECM) detects a
The warning lamp will flash while the derate is active.
fault with the engine coolant temperature. The ECM
detects the following faults:
The ECM will generate a 46 flash code that will be
displayed via the diagnostic lamp.
• The engine has been running for more than 185
seconds.
The ECM will generate a E360-2 event code.
The electronic service tool will display “Engine • The trip point for the event code for the temperature
of the engine coolant is reached.
Derate” in the first “Engine Status” box on any status
screen.
• Diagnostic code 0110-03 Engine Coolant
Temperature open/short to +batt is not active.
The ECM will generate a SPN 100-FMI 18 event
code on the J1939 data link. The event code may be
displayed on a receiving device on the J1939 data • Diagnostic code 0110-04 Engine Coolant
Temperature short to ground is not active.
link.
Table 35
Trip Points for the Engine Coolant Temperature
E361-1 E361-2 E361-3
Trip Point 113 °C (233 °F) 114 °C (237 °F) 118 °C (244 °F)
Delay to Activation 10 seconds 10 seconds 2 seconds
Reset Time 4 seconds 20 seconds 20 seconds
E361-2 The ECM will reset the event when the engine speed
is lower than 2800 RPM for 0.6 seconds.
The ECM will derate the power. The power will be
derated at one percent per second. The fuel injection will be disabled until the event has
been reset.
The derate of the engine will only occur if the “Enable
Derate” customer programmable parameter has Possible Performance Effect:
been enabled.
E362-1
E361-3
None
[The ECM will shut down the engine after two
seconds when the trip point for the engine coolant Troubleshooting:
temperature has been reached.
This event indicates excessive engine speed. This
The shutdown of the engine will only occur if event does not represent a problem with the Engine
the “Enable Shutdown” customer programmable Control Module (ECM).
parameter has been enabled.
This event does not represent a problem with the
Troubleshooting: Electronic Speed/Timing Sensor.
i02493345 i02493479
E396 High Fuel Rail Pressure E398 Low Fuel Rail Pressure
Conditions Which Generate This Code: Conditions Which Generate This Code:
The Electronic Control Module (ECM) detects The Electronic Control Module (ECM) detects a
excessive fuel rail pressure. The ECM detects the problem with low fuel rail pressure. The ECM detects
following problems: the following problem:
• The ECM detects fuel rail pressure that is more • The ECM determines that the expected fuel
than the pressure that is required for the operating rail pressure is lower than the pressure that is
conditions. requested by the electronic control system.
• Diagnostic code 0262-03 5 Volt Sensor DC Power • Diagnostic code 0262-03 5 Volt Sensor DC Power
Supply voltage above normal is not active. Supply voltage above normal is not active.
• Diagnostic code 0262-04 5 Volt Sensor DC Power • Diagnostic code 0262-04 5 Volt Sensor DC Power
Supply voltage below normal is not active. Supply voltage below normal is not active.
• Diagnostic code 1797-03 Fuel Rail Pressure • Diagnostic code 1797-03 Fuel Rail Pressure
Sensor voltage above normal is not active. Sensor voltage above normal is not active.
• Diagnostic code 1797-04 Fuel Rail Pressure • Diagnostic code 1797-04 Fuel Rail Pressure
Sensor voltage below normal is not active. Sensor voltage below normal is not active.
• No diagnostic codes are active for the fuel rail • No diagnostic codes are active for the fuel rail
pump. pump.
• No diagnostic codes are active for the fuel injectors. • No diagnostic codes are active for the fuel injectors.
System Response: System Response:
The event code will be logged. The event code will be logged.
The optional warning lamp will be illuminated. The optional warning lamp will be illuminated.
The engine will be derated until the keyswitch is The engine will be derated until the keyswitch is
turned to OFF. turned to OFF.
Troubleshooting: Troubleshooting:
The event code does not represent a problem with Low fuel pressure may be caused by the following
the electronic system. This event indicates high fuel problems. There can be a problem with the fuel
pressure. Refer to Testing and Adjusting Manual, return system. There can be a problem with the fuel
“Fuel System - inspect”. pressure control. There can be a leak in the high
pressure fuel system.
A failed relief valve, the fuel pump or an electronic
unit injector may cause an event code to be logged. A failed relief valve, the fuel pump or an electronic
unit injector may cause an event code to be logged.
Results:
The event code does not represent a problem with
• OK – STOP. the electronic system. This event indicates low fuel
rail pressure. Refer to Testing and Adjusting Manual,
“Fuel System - Inspect”.
Results:
• OK – STOP.
102 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
i02493480
Table 36
System Response: The derate of the engine will only occur if the “Enable
Derate” customer programmable parameter has
The event code will be logged. been enabled.
i02539800
System Response:
The event code will be active and the event code will
be logged.
E2143-3
Troubleshooting:
Results:
• OK – STOP.
104 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
i02656264
Table 37
P2 Pin Connections
Sensor Pin Function Fuel Rail Pressure Intake Manifold Oil Pressure Sensor
Sensor Pressure Sensor
1 Volts (5 Volts) 48 46 47
2 Ground 40 38 39
3 Signal 51 55 56
Table 38
P1 OEM Connector
Sensor Pin Function Analog Throttle Sensor 1 Analog Throttle
Sensor 2
A 5 Volt Sensor Supply 41 42
B Ground 33 34
C Signal 54 55
g01249575
Illustration 18
Typical example of the schematic for the sensors
106 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
g01173224
Illustration 19
Typical example of the fuel rail pressure sensor
(1) Voltage supply (Vs)
(2) Ground (GND)
(3) Signal (SIG)
g01173225
Illustration 20
Typical example of the intake manifold pressure sensor
(1) Voltage Supply (Vs)
(2) Ground (GND)
(3) Signal (SIG)
g01173226
Illustration 21
Typical example of the oil pressure sensor
(1) Voltage Supply (Vs)
(2) Ground (GND)
(3) Signal (SIG)
KENR6933 107
Troubleshooting Section
g01173227
Illustration 22
Typical example of the P2 pressure sensor pin locations
(38) Ground (GND) Intake Manifold Pressure (47) Voltage supply (5 Volts) Oil Pressure (56) Signal (SIG) Oil Pressure Sensor
Sensor Sensor
(39) Ground (GND) Oil Pressure Sensor (48) Voltage supply (5 Volts) Fuel Rail
(40) Ground (GND) Fuel Rail Pressure Pressure Sensor
Sensor (51) Signal (SIG) Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
(46) Voltage supply (5 Volts) Intake Manifold (55) Signal (SIG) Intake Manifold Pressure
Pressure Sensor Sensor
g01207347
Illustration 23
Typical example of the P1 pin locations for the analog throttle demand sensor
(33) Throttle 1 ground (GND) (41) Throttle 1 voltage supply (5 Volts) (54) Throttle 1 position
(34) Throttle 2 ground (GND) (42) Throttle 2 voltage supply (5 Volts) (55) Throttle 2 position
108 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
g01246557
Illustration 24
Typical example of the schematic for the P1 OEM connections for the analog throttle demand sensors
A. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position. The connectors and the harness should be free of
the following faults: damage, abrasion, corrosion,
B. Check the connectors and the harness for the and incorrect attachment.
following faults:
Results:
• Damage
• OK – Proceed to Test Step 2.
• Abrasion
• Not OK
• Corrosion
Repair: Repair the connectors or the harness
• Incorrect attachment and/or replace the connectors or the harness.
C. Refer to Troubleshooting, “Electrical Connectors Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all
- Inspect”. logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the
repair eliminates the fault.
D. Perform a 45 N (10 lb) pull test on each of the
wires in the harness that are associated with STOP.
the throttle demand sensor. Check the wire
connectors at the following positions: Test Step 2. Check for Active Diagnostic
Codes
• ECM
A. Connect the electronic service tool to the
• Pressure sensors diagnostic connector.
The wire connectors are shown in table 37 and C. Use the electronic service tool in order to monitor
table 38. the diagnostic codes. Check and record any active
diagnostic codes.
E. Check the screws for the ECM connectors for the
correct torque of 5.0 N·m (44 lb in). Note: Wait at least 15 seconds in order for the
diagnostic codes to become active.
KENR6933 109
Troubleshooting Section
• 0262-04 5 Volt Sensor DC Power Supply voltage B. Use the electronic service tool in order to monitor
below normal the diagnostic codes.
• OK – Diagnostic code 0262-04 is active. Proceed Diagnostic codes 0262-03 and 0262-04 are not
to Test Step 3. active.
C. Disconnect the pressure sensors one at a time. If • Not OK – The 5 Volt diagnostic code is still active.
the analog throttle demand sensors are installed,
then disconnect the throttle sensors one at a time. Repair: Do not use the new sensor.
Wait for 30 seconds after each of the sensors is
disconnected. Proceed to Test Step 5.
Note: Diagnostic code 0262-04 will become inactive Test Step 5. Disconnect the ECM
when the sensor that caused the 5 Volt diagnostic Connector and Check for Active
code is disconnected. Diagnostic Codes
D. Ensure that all the pressure sensors and the A. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position.
throttle demand sensors (if equipped) are
disconnected. B. Connect the electronic service tool to the
diagnostic connector.
Expected Result:
C. Check the ECM connectors for corrosion and
The 5 Volt diagnostic code is not active when all of moisture.
the sensors are disconnected.
D. Disconnect the P2 ECM connector from the ECM.
Results:
E. If a P1:41 is installed, then temporarily disconnect
• OK – The 5 Volt diagnostic code is not active when the pin. If a P1:42 is installed, then temporarily
all of the sensors are disconnected. disconnect the pin.
Repair: Reconnect all of the sensors except the F. Reconnect the P1 connector to the ECM.
suspect sensor.
G. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position.
Proceed to Test Step 4.
H. Check for active diagnostic codes on the electronic
• Not OK – Diagnostic code 0262-04 is still active. service tool.
Repair: Leave all of the sensors disconnected. Note: A “voltage high” diagnostic code (open circuit)
should be active for all of the following sensors:
Proceed to Test Step 5.
• Engine pressure sensors
110 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
• Analog throttle demand sensors (if equipped) • OK – The +5 Volt supply is within the expected
range. Proceed to Test Step 7.
Expected Result:
• Not OK – The voltage is greater than 5.16 Volts
Diagnostic code 0262-04 is not active. A “voltage DC.
high” diagnostic code (open circuit) is active for all of
the engine pressure sensors, temperature sensors Repair: Check the +5 Volt supply wire for a short
and throttle demand sensors (if equipped). to a higher voltage source.
Proceed to Test Step 6. • Not OK – The voltage is less than 4.84 Volts DC.
• Not OK – The 5 Volt diagnostic codes are still Repair: Check the +5 Volt supply wire for a short
active. to ground.
Repair: Connect a test ECM. Refer to the Repair the +5 Volt supply wire and/or replace the
Troubleshooting Guide, “Replacing the ECM” and +5 Volt supply wire.
Troubleshooting Guide, “Test ECM Mode”.
Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all
If the test ECM fixes the fault, reconnect the logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the
suspect ECM. repair eliminates the fault.
Note: All the pressure sensors and the analog If an intermittent fault exists, the status will be
throttle demand sensors (if equipped) should be highlighted and an audible beep will be heard.
disconnected.
Expected Result:
B. Measure the voltage between terminal 1 (Pressure
sensor +5 Volts) and the engine ground for each No intermittent faults were indicated during the
of the pressure sensors. “Wiggle Test”.
STOP.
i02490176
g01244083
Illustration 25
Typical example of the schematic for the CAN data link
g01209013
Illustration 26
Typical view of the P1 connector pin locations
(20) CAN- (21) CAN+ (22) CAN Shield
Test Step 1. Inspect Electrical Connectors C. Perform a 45 N (10 lb) pull test on each of the
and Wiring. wires that are associated with the CAN data link.
Refer to Illustration 26.
A. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position.
D. Check the harness for abrasion and pinch points
B. Thoroughly inspect the harness connector P1/J1 from the keyswitch to the ECM.
and any other connectors in the CAN data link
circuit. Expected Result:
Refer to Troubleshooting, “Electrical Connectors - All connectors, pins and sockets should be completely
Inspect” for details. coupled and/or inserted. The harness should be free
of corrosion, abrasion and/or pinch points.
KENR6933 113
Troubleshooting Section
Repair: Perform the following repair: If the two terminating resistors are between 50 and
70 Ohms, proceed to Test Step 4.
Repair the connectors and/or the wiring, or replace
the connectors and/or the wiring. Ensure that all of • Result 4 – The resistance is greater than 150
the seals are correctly in place and ensure that the Ohms. There may be a break in the harness.
connectors are completely coupled. Proceed to Test Step 3.
Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all Test Step 3. Check the Data Link Wiring
logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the
repair eliminates the fault. A. Disconnect each of the connectors that connect
other devices on the data link.
STOP.
B. Use a multimeter in order to measure the
Test Step 2. Check the Data Link resistance between P1:20 to each of the CAN+
Terminating Resistance pins that connect other devices on the data link.
A. Disconnect the P1 connector from the ECM. C. Use a multimeter in order to measure the
resistance between P1:21 to each of the CAN-
B. Measure the resistance between P1:20 and P1:21. pins that connect other devices on the data link.
• Result 1 – The resistance is between 50 and 70 The resistance of each wire is below 2 Ohms.
Ohms. This is the correct resistance. The fault may
be in the connection to other devices on the data Results:
link. Proceed to Test Step 3.
• OK – The resistance is below 2 Ohms. Proceed
• Result 2 – The resistance is less than 50 Ohms. to Test Step 4.
There is a short circuit in the harness.
• Not OK – Some resistances are greater than 2
Repair: Repair the connectors or the harness Ohms.
and/or replace the connectors or the harness.
Repair: Repair the connectors or the harness
Ensure that all of the seals are correctly in place and/or replace the connectors or the harness.
and ensure that the connectors are completely
coupled. Ensure that all seals are correctly in place and
ensure that the connectors are completely coupled.
Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all
logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all
repair eliminates the fault. logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the
repair has eliminated the fault.
STOP.
STOP.
• Result 3 – The resistance is between 110 and 130
Ohms. One of the terminating resistors may have Test Step 4. Check the other Devices on
failed. the J1939 Data Link
Repair: Locate the two terminating resistors and A. Use the appropriate service tools in order to
remove the two terminating resistors from the diagnose other devices on the data link.
harness. Depending on the application, one or both
of the terminating resistors may be located in other Expected Result:
ECM’s on the data link.
The other devices are working correctly.
114 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
STOP.
i02656282
Communication
KENR6933 115
Troubleshooting Section
g01244178
Illustration 27
Schematic of the diagnostic connector and the data link connector
g01208535
Illustration 28
Typical view of the P2 pin locations for the diagnostic and data link connectors
(20) Data link - (21) Data link +
116 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
g01208545
Illustration 29
Typical view of the P1 pin locations for the diagnostic and data link connectors
(23) Data link + (24) Data link -
B. Perform a 45 N (10 lb) pull test on each of the Test Step 2. Determine the type of Fault
wires in the ECM connectors that are associated with the Data Link
with the data link.
A. Connect the electronic service tool to the
C. Check the screw for the ECM connectors for diagnostic connector that is on the engine harness
correct torque of 5.0 N·m (44 lb in). or on the application.
D. Check the harness for abrasion and pinch B. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position.
points from the wires that connect the diagnostic
connector to the ECM. Expected Result:
Repair: Perform the following repair: Result 2 A different electronic service tool works on
the original engine while the engine is being tested.
Repair the connectors and/or the harness, or
replace the connectors and/or the harness. Ensure Results:
that all of the seals are correctly in place and
ensure that the connectors are completely coupled. • Result 1 – Proceed to Test Step 7.
Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all • Result 2
logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the
repair eliminates the fault. Repair: Send the faulty electronic service tool for
repairs.
STOP.
STOP.
Test Step 6. Change the Components of
the Electronic Service Tool Test Step 7. Connect the Electronic
Service Tool and the ECM to another
A. If another electronic engine is available, connect Battery
the electronic service tool to the other engine.
Ensure that the same cables are used.
C. If another engine is not available, obtain a To avoid injury or death, do not strike a match,
replacement communications adapter and a cause a spark, or smoke in the vicinity of a battery.
replacement set of electronic service tool cables.
Ensure that the set of electronic service tool NOTICE
cables are a complete set. Do Not connect the Bypass Harness to the battery un-
til the in-line fuse has been removed from the +Battery
D. Install the replacement communications adapter line. If the fuse is not removed before connection to the
and electronic service tool cables and connect to battery a spark may result.
the diagnostic connector.
E. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position. Note: Refer to Troubleshooting, “Electronic Service
Tools” for details of the bypass harness.
F. If changing the communications adapter or the
electronic service tool cables allows the electronic
service tool to operate correctly, use the following
procedure:
g01244183
Illustration 31
Schematic of the bypass harness connector
120 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
g01184528
Illustration 32
Typical view of the P1 OEM connector pin locations for the diagnostic and data link connectors
(1) Battery ground (GND) (9) Battery ground (GND) (21) J1939 (CAN) +
(2) Battery ground (GND) (10) Battery ground (GND) (23) Data link +
(3) Battery ground (GND) (15) Battery + (24) Data link +
(7) Battery + (16) Battery + (40) Keyswitch
(8) Battery + (20) J1939 (CAN) -
A. Connect the battery wires from the bypass 4. Repeat the Test.
harness of the electronic service tool to a different
battery that is not on the engine. 5. If the fault is resolved with the test ECM,
reconnect the suspect ECM.
Expected Result:
6. If the fault returns with the suspect ECM,
The electronic service tool is operating correctly. replace the suspect ECM.
The flash file in the Electronic Control Module (ECM) • Refer to Troubleshooting, “ECM Harness
is from the wrong engine family. The engine will not Connector Terminals” in order to service the
start. connectors for the Electronic Control Module
(ECM).
Correct the Condition
• Always use a breakout harness for a voltmeter
Determine the diagnostic code that is active. probe or a test light. Never break the insulation of a
wire in order to access a circuit for measurements.
Expected Result:
• If a wire is cut, always install a new terminal for
A 0253-02 diagnostic code is active. the repair.
Results:
Follow these guidelines: A. Inspect all the harnesses. Ensure that the routing
of the wiring harness allows the wires to enter the
• Always use a 27610285 Removal Tool to remove face of each connector at a perpendicular angle.
the pins from the P1/P2 connectors. Otherwise, the wire will deform the seal bore.
Refer to Illustration 33. This will create a path for
• Always use a 2900A033 Crimp Tool to service the entrance of moisture. Verify that the seals for
Deutsch HD and DT connectors. Never solder the the wires are sealing correctly.
terminals onto the wires.
g01131276 g01131165
Illustration 34 Illustration 36
Diagram for the installation of a connector plug (typical example) Seal for ECM connector (typical example)
(1) ECM connector
(2) Correctly inserted plug C. Disconnect the suspect connector and inspect the
(3) Incorrectly inserted plug connector seal. Ensure that the seal is in good
condition. If necessary, replace the connector.
B. Ensure that the sealing plugs are in place. If
any of the plugs are missing, replace the plug. D. Thoroughly inspect the connectors for evidence
Ensure that the plugs are inserted correctly into of moisture entry.
the connector. Refer to Illustration 34.
Note: It is normal to see some minor seal abrasion
on connector seals. Minor seal abrasion will not allow
the entry of moisture.
• Missing seals
Illustration 35
g01131019 • Incorrectly installed seals
Seal for a three-pin connector (typical example)
• Nicks in exposed insulation
• Improperly mated connectors
Moisture can also travel to a connector through the
inside of a wire. If moisture is found in a connector,
thoroughly check the connector harness for
damage. Also check other connectors that share
the harness for moisture.
The harness, connectors, and seals are in good The wires are free of abrasion, nicks and cuts and
condition. There is no evidence of moisture in the the harness is correctly clamped.
connectors.
Results:
Results:
• OK – The harness is OK. Proceed to Test Step 3.
• OK – The harness, connectors, and seals are in
good condition. Proceed to Test Step 2. • Not OK – There is damage to the harness.
• Not OK – A fault has been found with the harness Repair: Repair the wires or replace the wires, as
or the connectors. required.
Repair: Repair the connectors or the wiring, as Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all
required. Ensure that all of the seals are correctly logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the
installed. Ensure that the connectors have been repair eliminates the fault.
reattached.
STOP.
If corrosion is evident on the pins, sockets or the
connector, use only denatured alcohol to remove Test Step 3. Inspect the Connector
the corrosion. Use a cotton swab or a soft brush Terminals
to remove the corrosion.
A. Visually inspect each terminal in the connector.
If moisture was found in the connectors, run the Verify that the terminals are not damaged.
engine for several minutes and check again for Verify that the terminals are correctly aligned in
moisture. If moisture reappears, the moisture is the connector and verify that the terminals are
wicking into the connector. Even if the moisture correctly located in the connector.
entry path is repaired, it may be necessary to
replace the wires. Expected Result:
Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all The terminals are correctly aligned and the terminals
logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the appear undamaged.
repair eliminates the fault.
Results:
STOP.
• OK – The terminals are OK. Proceed to Test Step
Test Step 2. Check the Wires for Damage 4.
to the Insulation
• Not OK – The terminals of the connector are
A. Carefully inspect each wire for signs of abrasion, damaged.
nicks and cuts.
Repair: Repair the terminals and/or replace the
Inspect the wires for the following conditions: terminals, as required.
• Exposed insulation Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all
logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the
• Rubbing of a wire against the engine repair eliminates the fault.
Test Step 4. Perform a Pull Test on Each Test Step 5. Check Individual Pin
Wire Terminal Connection Retention into the Socket
g01237430 g01237435
Illustration 37 Illustration 38
A typical example of the lock wedge. Diagram for testing pin retention
(1) Lock wedge
A. Verify that the sockets provide good retention for
A. Ensure that the locking wedge for the connector the pins. Insert a new pin into each socket one
is installed correctly. Terminals cannot be retained at a time in order to check for a good grip on the
inside the connector if the locking wedge is not pin by the socket.
installed correctly.
Expected Result:
B. Perform the 45 N (10 lb) pull test on each wire.
Each terminal and each connector should easily The sockets provide good retention for the new pin.
withstand 45 N (10 lb) of tension and each wire
should remain in the connector body. This test Results:
checks whether the wire was correctly crimped
in the terminal and whether the terminal was • OK – The terminals are OK. Proceed to Test Step
correctly inserted into the connector. 6.
Test Step 7. Check the Screws on the No intermittent faults were indicated during the
ECM Connectors (64 way) “Wiggle Test”.
b. Tighten the two Torx screws for the ECM • Not OK – At least one intermittent fault was
connector to the correct torque of 5.0 ± 1.0 N·m indicated.
(44 ± 9 lb in).
Repair: Repair the harness or the connector.
Note: If the threaded insert in the ECM is damaged,
the ECM must be replaced. Refer to Disassembly Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all
and Assembly, “Electronic Control Module - Remove logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the
and Install”. repair eliminates the fault.
Results:
Engine Pressure Sensor Open
or Short Circuit - Test
• OK – The ECM connectors are secured. Proceed
to Test Step 8.
• Not OK – The screws for the ECM connectors are System Operation Description:
damaged.
Use this procedure under the following
Repair: Repair the connectors or replace the conditions:
connectors or screws, as required.
Use this procedure if another procedure has directed
Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all you here. Use this procedure if any of the following
logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the diagnostic codes are active:
repair eliminates the fault.
• 0100-03 Engine Oil Pressure Sensor voltage
STOP. above normal
Pull-up Voltage
g01188154
Illustration 39
Typical example of the schematic for the sensors
g01170309 g01170310
Illustration 40 Illustration 41
Fuel rail pressure sensor Intake manifold pressure sensor
(1) Voltage supply (Vs) (1) Voltage Supply (Vs)
(2) Ground (GND) (2) Ground (GND)
(3) Signal (SIG) (3) Signal (SIG)
128 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
Expected Result:
Results:
g01170964
Illustration 43
Typical view of the P2 pressure sensor pin locations
(38) Ground (GND) Intake Manifold Pressure (47) Voltage supply (5 Volts) Oil Pressure (56) Signal (SIG) Oil Pressure Sensor
Sensor Sensor
(39) Ground (GND) Oil Pressure Sensor (48) Voltage supply (5 Volts) Fuel Rail
(40) Ground (GND) Fuel Rail Pressure Pressure Sensor
Sensor (51) Signal (SIG) Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
(46) Voltage supply (5 Volts) Intake Manifold (55) Signal (SIG) Intake Manifold Pressure
Pressure Sensor Sensor
B. Use the electronic service tool to check for active • Not OK – There is a short circuit between the
diagnostic codes. Record all active diagnostic sensor harness connector and the ECM. Leave the
codes. sensor disconnected. Proceed to Test Step 8.
C. Determine if the fault is related to an open circuit Test Step 5. Measure the Sensor Supply
diagnostic code or a short circuit diagnostic code. Voltage
Expected Result: A. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position.
Either a short circuit diagnostic code is active or an B. Disconnect the sensor from the engine harness.
open circuit diagnostic code is active.
C. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position.
Results:
D. Measure the voltage at the plug for the sensor
• OK - SHORT Circuit – A “Voltage Above Normal” from the terminal 1 (pressure sensor supply) to
diagnostic code is active at this time. Proceed to terminal 2 (sensor common).
Test Step 4.
Expected Result:
• OK - OPEN Circuit – A “Voltage Below Normal”
diagnostic code is active at this time. Proceed to The DC voltage from terminal 1 to terminal 2
Test Step 5. measures 4.84 to 5.16 Volts DC.
B. Disconnect the sensor connector of the sensor Test Step 6. Determine If The Short
with the short circuit diagnostic code. Circuit Is In The Connector Or In The
Sensor
C. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position. Wait at
least 10 seconds for activation of the diagnostic A. Thoroughly inspect the connector for moisture.
codes.
B. Inspect the seals and reconnect the sensor.
D. Use the electronic service tool to check the “Active
Diagnostic Code” screen. Check for a “Voltage C. Refer to Troubleshooting, “Electrical Connectors
Below Normal” diagnostic code. - Inspect”.
• OK – A “Voltage Above Normal” diagnostic code E. Use the electronic service tool to check for a short
was active before disconnecting the sensor. An circuit diagnostic code. The new sensor should be
“Voltage Below Normal” diagnostic code became connected to the harness at this time.
active after disconnecting the sensor. Proceed to
Test Step 6.
KENR6933 131
Troubleshooting Section
D. Install the jumper on the engine harness Note: When the P2connector is disconnected, all of
connector. Install one end of the jumper at the the open circuit diagnostic codes for the pressure
sensor signal (terminal 3). Install the other end sensors and temperature sensors will be active. This
of the jumper at the common connection for is normal. Disregard the diagnostic codes for the
the pressure sensor (terminal 2). Wait at least pressure sensors and the temperature sensors that
30 seconds for activation of the short circuit are not suspect. Monitor the diagnostic codes for the
diagnostic code. suspect sensors only.
A short circuit diagnostic code is active when the F. Fabricate a jumper wire 150 mm (6 inch) long.
jumper is installed. An open circuit diagnostic code is Crimp a terminal to both ends of the wire.
active when the jumper is removed.
G. Install the jumper wire on the P2 connector.
Results: Insert the jumper wire between the terminal
for the suspect sensor signal and the common
• OK – The engine harness and the ECM are OK. connection for the engine’s pressure sensor.
Repair: Perform the following repair: Use the electronic service tool to verify that there
is a “Voltage Above Normal” diagnostic code.
1. Temporarily connect the suspect sensor.
Expected Result:
2. Use the electronic service tool to verify if the
diagnostic code remains active. “Voltage Below Normal” diagnostic codes and
“Voltage Above Normal” diagnostic codes were
3. If the diagnostic code is active replace the active.
sensor.
Results:
4. Use the electronic service tool in order to clear
all logged diagnostic codes and then verify that • OK – The ECM is operating correctly. Proceed to
the repair eliminated the fault. Test Step 9.
STOP.
132 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
• Not OK – One of the following conditions exists: F. Insert the one end of the engine sensor harness
The “Voltage Below Normal” diagnostic code is bypass into P2 connector on the engine harness.
not active when the harness is disconnected. The Insert the other end of the engine sensor harness
“Voltage Above Normal” diagnostic code is not bypass into the sensor connector of the engine
active when the jumper wire is installed. harness.
Repair: Perform the following repair: G. Reconnect the P2 connector and the sensor
connector.
1. Temporarily connect a test ECM.
H. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position.
Note: The test ECM should have the same values
and the same parameters as the suspect ECM. I. Use the electronic service tool to monitor the
“Active Diagnostic Code” screen for either the
2. Remove all jumpers and replace all connectors. open circuit diagnostic code for the sensor or the
short circuit diagnostic code for the sensor.
3. Use the electronic service tool to recheck the
system for active diagnostic codes. Expected Result:
4. Repeat the Test Step. The diagnostic code disappears when the jumper or
the bypass is installed.
5. If the fault is resolved with the test ECM,
reconnect the suspect ECM. Results:
6. If the fault returns with the suspect ECM, • OK – There is a fault in the wiring harness.
replace the ECM.
Repair: Perform the following repair:
7. Use the electronic service tool in order to clear
all logged diagnostic codes and then verify that 1. Repair the faulty harness or replace the faulty
the repair eliminates the fault. harness.
Test Step 9. Bypass the Harness Wiring 3. Use the electronic service tool in order to clear
Between the ECM and the Sensor all logged diagnostic codes and then verify that
Connector the repair eliminates the fault.
B. Disconnect the P2 connector and disconnect the • Not OK – The most likely cause is an intermittent
connector from the suspect sensor. fault.
C. Remove the sensor signal wire from the P2 Repair: Use the electronic service tool to perform
connector. a “Wiggle Test”. If no fault is found, restart this
procedure and carefully perform each step.
D. Remove the signal wire (terminal 3) from the
sensor connector on the engine harness. STOP.
• Use this procedure if another procedure has • The engine will continue to run when only one
directed you here. sensor signal is present from either the primary
sensor or the secondary sensor.
• The engine will not start and the electronic service
tool indicates a faulty sensor by displaying “Not • The loss of signal from the primary speed/timing
Detected” against the faulty sensor on the “No sensor during operation of the engine will result in
Start Parameter” screen. engine operation with a derate.
• There is an active diagnostic code or a recently • Loss of signal from the primary sensor and the
logged diagnostic code that is related to the secondary sensor during operation of the engine
following: will cause fuel injection to be terminated and the
engine will stop.
• 0190-08 Engine Speed Sensor abnormal
frequency, pulse width, or period The primary sensor and the secondary sensor are
interchangeable components. If a sensor is suspect
• 0342-08 Secondary Engine Speed Sensor the sensors can be exchanged in order to eliminate
abnormal frequency, pulse width, or period a fault. If a secondary sensor is suspect and a
replacement secondary sensor is not available, then
The engine uses two engine speed/timing sensors. the primary sensor and the secondary sensor can be
The primary crankshaft speed/timing sensor is exchanged. This will allow testing to determine if the
located on the left hand side of the cylinder block secondary sensor is faulty.
close to the flywheel housing. The secondary
camshaft/fuel rail pump sensor is part of the fuel
rail pump. The primary speed/timing sensor that is
mounted on the cylinder block generates a signal by
detecting the movement of the teeth that are located
on the speed/timing wheel. The speed/timing wheel
is connected to the crankshaft. The signal that is
generated by the speed/timing sensor is transmitted
to the Electronic Control Module (ECM). The ECM
uses the speed/timing sensor signal to calculate the
position of the crankshaft. The signal is also used to
determine the engine speed.
Table 39
P2/J2 Pin Connections
Function Sensor Pin Crankshaft Primary Sensor Camshaft Secondary Sensor
+8 Volt Supply 1 10 10
Signal 2 52 53
g01253286
Illustration 44
Schematic for the speed/timing sensors
g01188474
Illustration 45
Pin locations on the P2 connector for the speed/timing sensors
(10) Speed/ Timing sensor supply (8 Volts (52) Crankshaft speed timing sensor signal
DC) (53) Pump/Cam speed sensor signal (Sig)
KENR6933 135
Troubleshooting Section
g01188476
Illustration 46
Sensor locations
(1) Primary speed/timing sensor (2) Secondary speed/timing sensor
136 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
g01253714
Illustration 47
Detailed view of the sensor locations
(1) Primary speed/timing sensor (2) Secondary speed/timing sensor
g01212995
Illustration 48
Typical example of the speed/timing sensor
(1) Voltage Supply (8 Volts DC) (2) Signal (Sig)
Test Step 1. Inspect the Electrical G. Check the harness for abrasion and pinch points
Connectors and the Harness from the suspect sensor to the ECM.
A. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position. H. Check that the suspect sensor is installed
correctly. Check that the suspect sensor is fully
B. Thoroughly inspect the P2 connector and seated into the engine. Check that the sensor is
the suspect sensor connections. Refer to securely latched.
Troubleshooting, “Electrical Connectors - Inspect”.
Expected Result:
C. Perform a 45 N (10 lb) pull test on each of
the wires in the suspect sensor connector and The electrical connectors and the cables are correctly
the sensor connections at the ECM. The wire installed.
connectors are shown in illustration 45.
Results:
D. Check that the ground connection on the ECM and
the negative terminal on the battery are correctly • OK – The harness is OK. Proceed to Test Step 2.
installed.
• Not OK
E. Check the ground connection on the ECM for
abrasions and pinch points. Repair: Repair the faulty connectors or the
harness and/or replace the faulty connectors or the
F. Check the screws for the ECM connector for the harness. Ensure that all of the seals are correctly in
correct torque of 5.0 N·m (44 lb in). place and ensure that the connectors are correctly
coupled.
KENR6933 137
Troubleshooting Section
If a sensor must be replaced or the sensor must be Test Step 3. Check the Harness Between
reinstalled, complete all of the following tasks: the Secondary Speed/Timing Sensor and
the ECM
• Lubricate the O ring with clean engine lubricating
oil. A. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position.
• Ensure that the plug for the sensor has a seal B. Disconnect the P2 connector. Disconnect the
inside the connector body. If a seal is damaged connector for the primary speed/timing sensor.
or missing, replace the seal. Disconnect the connector for the secondary
speed/timing sensor.
• Ensure that the sensor is fully seated into the
engine before tightening the bracket bolt. C. Check the resistance between P2:53 to the
secondary speed/timing sensor terminal 2. The
• Ensure that the connector is latched. resistance should be less than 2.0 Ohms.
• Ensure that the harness is correctly secured, D. Check the resistance between P2:10 to the
and ensure that the harness is attached to the secondary speed/timing sensor terminal 1. The
harness clip. resistance should be less than 2.0 Ohms.
Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all Expected Result:
logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the
repair has eliminated the fault. The readings agree with the values that are listed
above.
STOP.
Results:
Test Step 2. Check for Active Diagnostic
Codes and Recently Logged Diagnostic • OK – The harness is not OPEN circuit. Proceed
Codes to Test Step 5.
A. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position. • Not OK – The harness or the connector is an open
circuit or high resistance.
B. Connect the electronic service tool to the
diagnostic connector. Repair: Repair the faulty connectors or the
harness. Replace the faulty connectors or
C. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position. If the the harness. Reconnect all sensor and ECM
engine will start, then run the engine. connectors. Ensure that all of the seals are
correctly in place. Ensure that all connectors are
D. Use the electronic service tool in order to monitor correctly coupled.
active diagnostic codes or recently logged
diagnostic codes. Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all
logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the
Expected Result: repair has eliminated the fault.
• 342-08 – Proceed to Test Step 3. C. Check the resistance between P2:52 to the
secondary speed/timing sensor terminal 2. The
• Not OK – No active diagnostic codes or recently resistance should be less than 2.0 Ohms.
logged diagnostic codes are displayed.
D. Check the resistance between P2:10 to the
STOP. secondary speed/timing sensor terminal 1. The
resistance should be less than 2.0 Ohms.
138 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
• OK – The harness is not OPEN circuit. Proceed Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all
to Test Step 6. logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the
repair eliminates the fault.
• Not OK – The harness is OPEN circuit.
STOP.
Repair: Repair the faulty connectors or the harness
and/or replace the faulty connectors or the harness. Test Step 6. Check that the Connections
Reconnect all sensor and ECM connectors. Ensure and the Wiring to the Primary
that all of the seals are correctly in place. Ensure Speed/Timing Sensor and the ECM
that all connectors are correctly coupled. are Isolated from the Other Power
Sources
Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all
logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the A. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position.
repair eliminates the fault.
B. Disconnect the P2 connector. Disconnect the
STOP. connector for the primary speed/timing sensor.
Disconnect the connector for the secondary
Test Step 5. Check that the Connections speed/timing sensor.
and the Wiring to the Secondary
Speed/Timing Sensor and the ECM are C. Check the resistance between P2:52 to each of the
Isolated from Other Power Sources other pins on P2. Check the resistance between
P2:52 to the ground and battery+ terminals. The
A. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position. resistance should be more than 20,000 Ohms.
B. Disconnect the P2 connector. Disconnect the D. Check the resistance between P2:10 to each of the
connector for the primary speed/timing sensor. other pins on P2. Check the resistance between
Disconnect the connector for the secondary P2:10 to the ground and battery+ terminals. The
speed/timing sensor. resistance should be more than 20,000 Ohms.
D. Measure the resistance from P2:10 speed/timing • OK – The wires are not a short circuit. Proceed
sensor (+8 Volt supply) to all other pins on the P2. to Test Step 7.
Measure the resistance from P2:10 speed/timing
sensor (+8 Volt supply) to the ground and the • Not OK – The sensor wiring has a short circuit.
battery+ terminals. The resistance should be more
than 20,000 Ohms. Repair: Repair the faulty connectors or replace
the faulty connectors. Repair the faulty harness or
Expected Result: replace the faulty harness. Reconnect all sensor
and ECM connectors. Ensure that all of the seals
The readings agree with the values that are listed are correctly in place. Ensure that all connectors
above. are correctly coupled.
D. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position. • OK – If the fault is eliminated with the test ECM,
reconnect the suspect ECM. If the fault returns with
E. Start the engine. the suspect ECM, replace the suspect ECM.
F. Use the electronic service tool in order to monitor Repair: Use the electronic service tool in order to
the diagnostic codes. clear all logged diagnostic codes and then verify
that the repair eliminates the fault.
G. Verify that the replacement sensor has eliminated
the fault. STOP.
Expected Result: • Not OK – The fault was not resolved with a test
ECM.
The fault has been rectified.
Repair: Repeat this diagnostic process. If the fault
Results: persists, the fault may be a damaged timing ring.
Check the timing ring and/or replace the timing
• OK – If the fault is eliminated with the test sensor, ring.
reconnect the suspect sensor. If the fault returns
with the suspect sensor, replace the suspect Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all
sensor. logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the
repair eliminates the fault.
Repair: Use the electronic service tool in order to
clear all logged diagnostic codes and then verify STOP.
that the repair eliminates the fault.
STOP.
Pull-up Voltage
KENR6933 141
Troubleshooting Section
g01249915
Illustration 49
Schematic for engine temperature sensors
Expected Result:
Results:
g01170936
Illustration 51
Typical view of the P2 pin locations on the temperature sensor
(37) Ground (GND) Intake Manifold Air (42) Signal (SIG) Intake Manifold Air (43) Signal (SIG) Coolant Temperature
Temperature Sensor and Coolant Temperature Sensor Sensor
Temperature Sensor
C. Verify that the latch tab of the connector is Test Step 3. Verify That The Diagnostic
correctly latched. Also verify that the latch tab of Code Is Still Active
the connector has returned to the fully latching
position. A. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position.
D. Check the screw for the ECM connector for the Note: Wait at least 10 seconds for activation of the
correct torque of 5.0 N·m (44 lb in). diagnostic codes.
E. Check the harness for abrasions and for pinch B. Access the “Active Diagnostic Code” screen on
points from the sensor to the ECM. the electronic service tool and check for active
diagnostic codes.
Expected Result:
C. Determine if the fault is related to an “Voltage
All connectors, pins, and sockets should be Above Normal” diagnostic code or a “Voltage
completely coupled and/or inserted. The harness Below Normal” diagnostic code.
should be free of corrosion, abrasion, and pinch
points. Expected Result:
Repair: Use the electronic service tool to perform Note: Wait at least 10 seconds for the activation of
a “Wiggle Test”. If faults are indicated then go to any diagnostic fault codes.
the appropriate procedure.
C. Fabricate a jumper wire 150 mm (6 inch) long.
STOP. Crimp a terminal to both ends of the wire.
Test Step 4. Disconnect The Sensor In D. Monitor the “Active Diagnostic Code” screen on
Order To Create An Open Circuit the electronic service tool before installing the
jumper wire and after installing the jumper wire.
A. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position.
E. Install the jumper on the engine harness connector
B. Disconnect the sensor connector of the sensor for the suspect sensor, P100 for the coolant
with the short circuit diagnostic code. temperature sensor and P103 for the intake
manifold temperature sensor. Install one end
C. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position. of the jumper at the sensor signal (terminal 1).
Install the other end of the jumper at the common
Note: Wait at least 10 seconds for activation of the connection (terminal 2).
diagnostic codes.
Note: Wait at least 30 seconds for activation of the
D. Access the “Active Diagnostic Code” screen of short circuit diagnostic code.
the electronic service tool. Check for an active
“Voltage Above Normal” diagnostic code. Expected Result:
Results: Results:
• OK – A “Voltage Below Normal” diagnostic code • OK – The engine harness and the ECM are OK.
was active before disconnecting the sensor. An
“Voltage Above Normal” diagnostic code became Repair: Perform the following repair:
active after disconnecting the sensor.
1. Temporarily connect the suspect sensor.
Repair: Refer to Troubleshooting, “Electrical
Connectors - Inspect”. 2. If the diagnostic code remains active, replace
the sensor.
Inspect the seals of the connectors for damage.
3. Verify that the repair eliminates the fault.
Connect the sensor and verify that the fault returns.
If the fault returns, the sensor is faulty. 4. Clear all logged diagnostic codes.
STOP.
144 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
• Not OK – The “Voltage Above Normal” diagnostic Note: The “Voltage Above Normal” diagnostic code
code remains active with the jumper in place. The for the temperature sensor that is not suspect should
most probable location for the open circuit is in the become active when the sensor common connection
sensor common or the sensor signal wire in the is removed from the P2 connector. This code can be
engine harness between the ECM and the sensor. disregarded.
Remove the jumper. Proceed to Test Step 6.
Expected Result:
Test Step 6. Check The Operation Of The
ECM By Creating An Open And A Short A “Voltage Below Normal” diagnostic code is active
Circuit At The ECM Connector when the jumper is installed. A “Voltage Above
Normal” diagnostic code is active when the jumper
A. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position. is removed.
Note: When P2 is disconnected, all of the “Voltage 2. Remove all jumpers and reconnect all
Above Normal” diagnostic codes for the pressure connectors.
sensors and temperature sensors will be active. This
is normal. Disregard the diagnostic codes for the 3. If the fault is eliminated with the test ECM,
pressure sensors and the temperature sensors that reconnect the suspect ECM and verify that the
are not suspect. Monitor the diagnostic codes for the fault returns.
suspect sensors only.
4. If the fault returns replace the suspect ECM.
E. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position. Refer to Troubleshooting, “Replacing the ECM”.
F. Fabricate a jumper wire 150 mm (6 inch) long. 5. Use the electronic service tool in order to clear
Crimp a terminal to both ends of the wire. all logged diagnostic codes and then verify that
the repair eliminates the fault.
G. Monitor the “Active Diagnostic Code” screen on
the electronic service tool before installing the STOP.
jumper wire and after installing the jumper wire.
Test Step 7. Bypass The Harness Wiring
H. Remove the suspect sensor signal pin from the P2 Between The ECM And The Sensor
connector, either pin P2:42 for the intake manifold Connector
temperature sensor or pin P2:43 for the coolant
temperature sensor. Remove the P2:37 sensor A. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position.
common connector. Install the jumper on the P2
connector. Install one end of the jumper at the B. Disconnect the P2 connector on the ECM harness,
suspect sensor signal pin. Install the other end and the suspect sensor connector.
of the jumper to the P2:37 common connection
for the sensors. Reassemble the P2 connector C. Remove the sensor signal wire from the P2
to the ECM. Use the electronic service tool in connector.
order to check the diagnostic codes. Wait at least
10 seconds for activation of the “Voltage Below D. Remove the signal wire (terminal 1) from the
Normal” diagnostic code. sensor connector on the engine harness.
I. Use the electronic service tool in order to monitor • Not OK – At least one intermittent fault was
the “Active Diagnostic Code” screen for either the indicated.
“Voltage Above Normal” diagnostic code for the
sensor or the “Voltage Below Normal” diagnostic Repair: Repair the harness or the connector.
code for the sensor.
Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all
Expected Result: logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the
repair eliminates the fault.
The diagnostic code disappears when the jumper is
installed. STOP.
Results:
i02657594
• OK – There is a fault in the wiring harness. Fuel Rail Pump Solenoid - Test
Repair: Perform the following repair:
1. Repair the faulty harness or replace the faulty System Operation Description:
harness.
Use this procedure to troubleshoot the system when
2. Clear all diagnostic codes. one of the following diagnostic codes is active or
easily repeated:
3. Use the electronic service tool in order to clear
all logged diagnostic codes and then verify that
the repair eliminates the fault.
• 1779-05 Fuel Rail #1 Pressure Valve Solenoid
current below normal
STOP.
• 1779-06 Fuel Rail #1 Pressure Valve Solenoid
current above normal
• Not OK – The fault is intermittent. Proceed to Test
Step 8. Note: The fuel rail pump is installed on the engine at
the factory. The fuel rail pump is not serviceable part.
Test Step 8. Perform the “Wiggle Test” on The fuel rail pump delivers fuel into the fuel rail at
the Perkins Electronic Service Tool (EST) very high pressure.
A. Select the “Wiggle Test” from the diagnostic tests Use this procedure to troubleshoot the system when
on the electronic service tool. there is a active diagnostic code or if a diagnostic
code can easily be activated or when another
B. Choose the appropriate group of parameters to procedure has directed you here.
monitor.
The fuel rail pump solenoid is used to control the
C. Press the “Start” button. Wiggle the wiring harness output from the fuel rail pump. The solenoid receives
in order to reproduce intermittent faults. an electrical supply from the Electronic Control
Module (ECM). The fuel rail pump solenoid is then
If an intermittent fault exists, the status will be energized when the fuel is required to be pumped
highlighted and an audible beep will be heard. into the fuel rail. Varying the timing of the voltage to
the solenoid controls the fuel delivery from the fuel
Expected Result: rail pump.
No intermittent faults were indicated during the When the fuel rail pump solenoid is deactivated, the
“Wiggle Test”. fuel that is not sent to the fuel rail is returned to the
fuel tank.
146 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
g01245090
Illustration 52
Typical schematic of the circuit for the fuel rail pump solenoid
g01194219
Illustration 53
Typical view of the P2 ECM pin locations for the electrical power supply circuit
(25) Fuel rail pump solenoid PWM signal (26) Fuel rail pump solenoid return
KENR6933 147
Troubleshooting Section
Test Step 1. Inspect the Electrical C. Use the electronic service tool to verify if any
Connectors and the Harness of the following diagnostic codes are active or
recently logged:
• OK – The connectors and the harness appear to C. Measure the resistance between P2:25 and P2:26.
be OK. Proceed to Test Step 2.
Expected Result:
• Not OK – There is a fault with the connectors
and/or the harness. The nominal resistance is less than 2 Ohms.
Test Step 2. Check for Active Diagnostic If the fuel system is Not OK, repair the fuel system
Codes and restart the diagnostic process.
A. Connect the electronic service tool to the If the fuel system is OK, proceed to Test Step 4.
diagnostic connector.
• Not OK – There is an open circuit. Proceed to Test
B. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position. Step 4.
148 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
Test Step 4. Check the Fuel Rail Pump Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all
Solenoid for an Open Circuit logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the
repair eliminates the fault.
A. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position.
STOP.
B. Disconnect the fuel rail pump solenoid connector
from the fuel rail pump solenoid. Test Step 5. Check the Fuel Rail Pump
Solenoid for a Short Circuit
C. Measure the resistance of the fuel rail pump
solenoid. A. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position.
The nominal resistance is less than 1 Ohm. C. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position.
Repair: Repair the connectors or the harness A “Current Below Normal” diagnostic code is
and/or replace the connectors or the harness. displayed. The “Current Above Normal” diagnostic
code is not displayed.
Ensure that all of the seals are correctly in place
and ensure that all connectors are correctly Results:
coupled.
• OK – A “Current Below Normal” diagnostic code is
Use the electronic service tool in order to perform displayed. The harness has no shorts to supply or
the fuel rail pump solenoid test. ground. The fuel rail pump solenoid is faulty.
Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all Repair: Temporarily connect a new fuel rail pump
logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the to the harness, but do not install the fuel rail pump
repair eliminated the fault. to the engine.
Repair: Temporarily connect a new fuel rail pump Use the electronic service tool in order to perform
to the harness, but do not install the fuel rail pump the fuel rail pump solenoid test.
to the engine.
Verify that the repair eliminates the fault.
Reconnect the P2 to the ECM. Check the screw
for the ECM connector for the correct torque of If the diagnostic code has been cleared, then install
5.0 N·m (44 lb in). the new fuel rail pressure pump to the engine.
Refer to Disassembly and Assembly, “Electrical
Use the electronic service tool in order to perform Connectors - Inspect”.
the fuel rail pump solenoid test.
Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all
Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the
logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the repair eliminates the fault.
repair eliminated the fault.
STOP.
If the diagnostic code has been cleared, then install
the new fuel rail pump to the engine. Refer to • Not OK – The harness is a short circuit or the ECM
Disassembly and Assembly Manual, “Fuel Injection is a short circuit. Proceed to Test Step 6.
Pump- Install”.
Test Step 6. Check the Fuel Rail Pump
Solenoid Harness for a Short Circuit
A. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position.
KENR6933 149
Troubleshooting Section
B. Disconnect the P532 connector from the fuel rail E. Use the electronic service tool in order to perform
pump solenoid. the fuel rail pump solenoid test.
C. Disconnect the P2 connector from the ECM. F. Use the electronic service tool in order to monitor
the status screen.
D. Measure the resistance between P2:26 and P2:25.
Expected Result:
E. Measure the resistance between P2:25 and
voltage +. A 1779-06 diagnostic code is displayed.
H. Measure the resistance between P2:26 and • Not OK – The ECM is suspect. Proceed to Test
voltage (-). Step 8.
Repair: Repair the harness and connectors or D. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position.
replace the faulty harness and connectors.
E. Use the electronic service tool in order to monitor
Connect the P532 connector to the fuel rail pump the status screen.
solenoid.
F. Use the electronic service tool in order to perform
Connect the P2 connector to the ECM. the fuel rail pump solenoid test.
Turn the keyswitch to the ON position. G. Monitor the status screen on the electronic service
tool.
Use the Perkins EST in order to perform the fuel
rail pump solenoid test. Expected Result:
Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all The fault is eliminated.
logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the
repair has eliminated the fault. Results:
g01245123
Illustration 54
Schematic for the ignition keyswitch and battery supply circuit
g01193796
Illustration 55
Typical rear view of the pin locations for the ignition keyswitch and battery supply circuit
(1) Battery ground (GND) (8) Battery (+) (16) Battery ground (+)
(2) Battery ground (GND) (9) Battery ground (GND) (40) Ignition key switch
(3) Battery ground (GND) (10) Battery ground (GND)
(7) Battery (+) (15) Battery ground (+)
152 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
Test Step 1. Inspect Electrical Connectors Test Step 2. Check for Active Diagnostic
and Wiring Codes or Logged Diagnostic Codes
A. Thoroughly inspect the P1 connector, the battery A. Connect the electronic service tool to the
connections and the connections to the keyswitch. diagnostic connector.
Refer to Troubleshooting, “Electrical Connectors -
Inspect” for details. B. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position.
B. Perform a 45 N (10 lb) pull test on each of the C. Monitor the active diagnostic code screen on
wires in the ECM connector that are associated the electronic service tool. Check and record
with the following connections: any active diagnostic codes or logged diagnostic
codes.
• P1: 7, 8, 15, 16 (Unswitched Battery+)
Note: Wait at least 30 seconds in order for the
• P1: 1, 2, 3, 9, 10 (Battery-) diagnostic codes to become active.
C. Use the electronic service tool to perform a One of the following diagnostic codes is active or
“Wiggle Test”. Special attention must be paid to logged:
the following connections:
• 168-0 Electrical System Voltage high
• P1: 7, 8, 15, 16
• 168-1 Electrical System Voltage low
• P1: 1, 2, 3, 9, 10
• 168-2 Electrical System Voltage erratic,
• P1:40 intermittent, or incorrect
D. Check the ECM connector for the correct torque • 1834-2 Ignition Keyswitch loss of signal
of 5.0 N·m (44 lb in).
Note: Diagnostic code 1834-2 can be generated
E. Check the harness for abrasion and for pinch by rapidly cycling the keyswitch. If diagnostic code
points from the battery to the ECM, and from the 1834-2 is logged but not active, this may be the
keyswitch to the ECM. cause.
All connectors, pins and sockets are completely • OK – A 168 or a 1834-02 diagnostic code is active
coupled and/or inserted and the harness is free of or logged. Proceed to Test Step 3.
corrosion, of abrasion or of pinch points.
• Not OK – No diagnostic code is active.
Results:
Repair: The fault is no longer present. If the fault
• OK – The harness and connectors appear to be is intermittent, refer to Troubleshooting, “Electrical
OK. Proceed to Test Step 2. Connectors - Inspect”.
Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all B. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position.
logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the
repair eliminates the fault. C. Measure the voltage between P1:7 (Unswitched
Battery+) and P1:1 (Battery-).
STOP.
D. Measure the voltage between P1:8 (Unswitched
Battery+) and P1:2 (Battery-).
KENR6933 153
Troubleshooting Section
E. Measure the voltage between P1:15 (Unswitched For intermittent faults such as intermittent
Battery+) and P1:9 (Battery-). shutdowns that could be caused by the application
wiring, temporarily bypassing the application wiring
F. Measure the voltage between P1:16 (Unswitched may be an effective means of determining the root
Battery+) and P1:10 (Battery-). cause.
Results: The batteries pass the load test. For 12 Volt systems,
the measured voltage is at least 11.0 Volts DC. For
• OK – The ECM is receiving the correct voltage. 24 Volt systems, the measured voltage is at least
22.0 Volts DC.
Repair: If an intermittent condition is suspected,
refer to Troubleshooting, “Electrical Connectors - Results:
Inspect”.
• OK – The batteries pass the load test. For 12
STOP. Volt systems, the measured voltage is at least
11.0 Volts DC. For 24 Volt systems, the measured
• Not OK – The ECM is not receiving the correct voltage is at least 22.0 Volts DC.
voltage.
Repair: Refer to the service manual for the
Repair: Check for continuity in the harness for application for instructions on troubleshooting the
the keyswitch from P1:40 through the keyswitch application harness. Troubleshoot the application
circuit to the batteries. Check the circuit protection harness and repair the application harness, as
for the circuit. Refer to the service manual for the required.
instructions on troubleshooting the circuit for the
keyswitch. Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all
logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the
For intermittent problems such as intermittent repairs eliminate the fault.
shutdowns that could be caused by the application
wiring, temporarily bypassing the application wiring STOP.
may be an effective means of determining the root
cause. • Not OK – The batteries do not pass the load test.
For 12 Volt systems, the measured voltage is
Proceed to Test Step 5. less than 11.0 Volts DC. For 24 Volt systems, the
measured voltage is less than 22.0 Volts DC.
• Not OK – No voltage is present on P1: 7, 8, 15, 16.
Repair: Recharge or replace the faulty batteries.
Repair: Check for continuity in the harness for the
unswitched Battery+ from the ECM to the batteries. Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all
Check the circuit protection for the circuit. Check logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the
for continuity in the harness for the Battery- from repair eliminates the fault.
the ECM to the batteries.
STOP.
154 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
NOTICE
Do not connect the bypass harness to the battery un-
til all of the in-line fuses have been removed from the
Battery+ line. If the fuses are not removed before con-
nection to the battery, a spark may result.
g01245124
Illustration 56
Schematic for the bypass application harness
A. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position. C. Connect a bypass harness to the ECM.
Note: Remove the bypass harness and restore all The following diagnostic lamps are available:
wiring to the original condition after testing.
• Power Take Off (PTO) lamp
Expected Result:
• Stop lamp
Installing the bypass eliminates the fault.
• Warning lamp
Note: The status of the “Ignition Keyswitch” will
always indicate ON while the bypass harness is • Cold start (wait to start lamp)
installed.
• Low oil pressure lamp
Results:
The electronic service tool can be used as a
• OK – The symptom disappears when the bypass diagnostic aid in order to switch the individual lamps
harness is installed. The symptom returns when ON and OFF.
the bypass harness is removed. The fault is in the
wiring for the application that supplies power to Note: The diagnostic function that switches the
the ECM. Check for aftermarket engine protection lamps is contained in the “Override” section in the
switches that interrupt power. Send the application “Diagnostics” menu of the electronic service tool.
to the OEM dealer to repair. STOP.
STOP.
156 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
g01336446
Illustration 57
Typical schematic of the indicator lamp circuit
g01176466
Illustration 58
Typical example of the P1 OEM connector pin locations
(1) Ground (7) Battery+ (59) Warning lamp
(2) Ground (8) Battery+ (60) Stop lamp
(3) Ground (15) Battery+ (61) PTO lamp
(9) Ground (16) Battery+ (62) Low oil pressure lamp
(10) Ground (40) Keyswitch (63) Cold start lamp
Test Step 1. Inspect Electrical Connectors C. Perform a 45 N (10 lb) pull test on each of
and Wiring the wires in the customer connector and the
Electronic Control Module (ECM) connector that is
A. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position. associated with the diagnostic lamp.
B. Thoroughly inspect P1 OEM connector and the D. Check the screw for the P1 OEM connector for the
lamp connections. Refer to Troubleshooting, correct torque of 5.0 N·m (44 lb in).
“Electrical Connectors - Inspect” for details.
KENR6933 157
Troubleshooting Section
E. Check the harness for abrasions and for pinch Note: The “Override” function is contained in the
points from the battery to the ECM. “Diagnostics” menu of the electronic service tool.
B. Measure the resistance across the two terminals • Not OK – The voltage is not in the range that is
of the lamp. If the resistance is more than 2000 expected. Proceed to Test Step 5.
Ohms, the bulb has failed.
Test Step 4. Test the Individual Lamp
C. Check the battery by connecting a test lamp Circuits
across the terminal of the battery.
A. Disconnect the P1 connector.
Expected Result:
B. Temporarily disconnect the wire from the P1
The lamp has less than 2000 Ohms and the power connector socket that supplies the suspect lamp.
supply is OK.
C. By using a jumper wire, connect the removed wire
Results: to the battery-.
• OK – The lamp appears to be operating correctly D. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position and observe
at this time. Proceed to Test Step 3. the lamp.
Repair: Replace the suspect component or repair The diagnostic lamp turns ON while the jumper is
the suspect component. connected. Also, the diagnostic lamp turns OFF
when the jumper is removed.
Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all
logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the Results:
repairs have eliminated the fault.
• OK – The circuit for the diagnostic lamp is
STOP. functioning correctly. Proceed to Test Step 5.
Test Step 3. Measure the Input to the • Not OK – The lamp did not turn ON. The lamp
Lamp at the Lamp Socket circuit is not functioning correctly. There is a fault in
the harness between the lamp and the ECM.
A. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position.
Repair: Repair the lamp circuit.
B. Use the electronic service tool to select the
“Override” function in order to switch individual
lamps ON and OFF.
158 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all 5. If the fault returns with the suspect ECM, then
logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the replace the suspect ECM.
repair eliminated the fault.
STOP.
STOP.
Expected Result:
• 0005-02 Cylinder #5 Injector erratic, intermittent,
or incorrect
The lamp should illuminate.
• 0006-02 Cylinder #6 Injector erratic, intermittent,
or incorrect
Results:
The following background information is related
• OK – The ECM is operating correctly. to this procedure:
There is a fault in the wiring or the lamp.
Repair the wiring or the lamp, as required. The engine has electronic unit injectors that are
Verify that the repair eliminates the fault. electronically controlled by the Electronic Control
Module (ECM). The ECM sends a 70 Volt pulse
STOP. to each injector solenoid. The pulse is sent at the
correct time and for the correct duration for a given
• Not OK – There is a suspected fault in the ECM. engine load and engine speed. Use this procedure
to identify the cause of the diagnostic code. Use this
Repair: Perform the following procedure: procedure to repair the system.
1. Temporarily connect a test ECM. If an injector is replaced, then the correct injector
trim files must be programmed into the ECM. The
2. Program the ECM with the same parameters injector trim files allow each individual injector to be
as the suspect ECM. fine tuned for optimum performance. The ECM will
generate the following diagnostic code if the injector
3. Check the operation of the diagnostic lamp trim files are not programmed:
when the test ECM is installed.
If the ECM is replaced then the replacement • 4-2 Cylinder #4 Injector erratic, intermittent, or
ECM must be correctly programmed. Refer to incorrect
Troubleshooting, “Replacing the ECM” for further
information. • 5-2 Cylinder #5 Injector erratic, intermittent, or
incorrect
Use the electronic service tool in order to perform the
“Fuel System Verification Test”. The “Fuel System • 6-2 Cylinder #6 Injector erratic, intermittent, or
Verification Test” is used to check that the system incorrect
operates correctly after a repair has been made.
Expected Result 2
Results:
g01336666
Illustration 59
• OK – Result 1 One or more diagnostic codes are
Typical example of the electronic unit injector logged. Proceed to Test Step 2.
Test Step 1. Check for Diagnostic Codes • OK – Result 2 On four cylinder engines, two
That Are Related to this Procedure injectors that share a common supply indicate a
diagnostic code. On six cylinder engines, three
A. Connect the electronic service tool to the injectors that share a common supply indicate a
diagnostic connector. diagnostic code. Proceed to Test Step 3.
B. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position. • Not OK – No related diagnostic codes are logged.
STOP.
C. Check for logged diagnostic codes that are related
to this procedure. Test Step 2. Check the Faulty Cylinder
Numbers
D. Make a note of the logged diagnostic codes.
A. Use the electronic service tool in order to make a
Expected Result: note of the logged diagnostic codes.
Expected Result 1 B. Use the noted diagnostic codes in order to check
the cylinders for faulty injectors.
One or more of the following diagnostic codes are
logged: Expected Result:
• 1-2 Cylinder #1 Injector erratic, intermittent, or The diagnostic codes indicate the cylinder numbers
incorrect that have faulty injectors.
• 2-2 Cylinder #2 Injector erratic, intermittent, or Results:
incorrect
• OK – No related diagnostic codes are logged.
• 3-2 Cylinder #3 Injector erratic, intermittent, or STOP.
incorrect
160 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
Use the electronic service tool in order to perform System Operation Description:
the “Fuel System Verification Test”. If the cylinders
indicate “PASS”, then the fault has been cleared. Use this procedure to troubleshoot any suspected
faults with the injector solenoids.
Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all
logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the Use this procedure for the following diagnostic codes:
repair eliminates the fault.
STOP.
• 0001-05 Cylinder #1 Injector current below normal
Test Step 3. Check the ECM • 0001-06 Cylinder #1 Injector current above normal
g01336666
Illustration 60
Typical example of the fuel injector
162 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
g01336711
Illustration 61
Schematic for the injector solenoid circuit for the 1106C Genset
g01171366
Illustration 62
P2 pin connections for the 1106C Genset
(57) Injector Cylinder (Number 1) (59) Injector Cylinder (Number 3) (63) Injector Cylinder (Number 5)
(35) Injector Cylinder (Number 1 Return) (33) Injector Cylinder (Number 3 Return) (7) Injector Cylinder (Number 5 Return)
(58) Injector Cylinder (Number 2) (64) Injector Cylinder (Number 4) (62) Injector Cylinder (Number 6)
(34) Injector Cylinder (Number 2 Return) (8) Injector Cylinder (Number 4 Return) (6) Injector Cylinder (Number 6 Return)
KENR6933 163
Troubleshooting Section
g01245543
Illustration 63
Typical example of the fuel injector harness connector
g01245544
Illustration 64
Typical example of the connector on the valve mechanism cover
B. Thoroughly inspect connector P2. Thoroughly Repair: Repair the connectors or the harness or
inspect the connectors at the valve cover base. replace the connectors or the harness. Ensure that
Refer to Troubleshooting, “Electrical Connectors - all of the seals are correctly installed and ensure
Inspect” for details. that the connectors are completely coupled.
C. Perform a 45 N (10 lb) pull test on each of the Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all
wires in the ECM connector that are associated logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the
with injector solenoids. repair eliminates the fault.
D. Check the screw for the ECM connector for the STOP.
correct torque of 5.0 N·m (44 lb in).
Test Step 2. Check for Logged Diagnostic E. Access the “Injector Solenoid Test” by accessing
Codes that are Related to the Injector the following display screens in order:
Solenoids
• “Diagnostics”
A. Connect the electronic service tool to the
diagnostic connector. • “Diagnostic Tests”
B. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position. • “Injector Solenoid Test”
C. Check for logged diagnostic codes that are related F. Activate the test.
to the injector solenoids on the electronic service
tool. Note: Do not confuse the “Injector Solenoid Test”
with the “Cylinder Cutout Test”. The “Cylinder Cutout
Expected Result: Test” is used to shut off fuel to a specific cylinder
while the engine is running. The “Injector Solenoid
One or more diagnostic codes that are related to the Test” is used to actuate the injector solenoids while
injector solenoids have been logged: the engine is not running. This allows the click of the
injector solenoids to be heard while the engine is off
• 1-5 Cylinder #1 Injector current below normal in order to determine that the circuit is functioning
correctly.
• 1-6 Cylinder #1 Injector current above normal
G. As each solenoid is energized by the ECM, an
• 2-5 Cylinder #2 Injector current below normal audible click can be heard at the valve cover.
• 3-5 Cylinder #3 Injector current below normal All cylinders indicate “OK”.
• 4-5 Cylinder #4 Injector current below normal • OK – There is not an electronic fault with the
injectors at this time.
• 4-6 Cylinder #4 Injector current above normal
Repair: If the “Injector Solenoid Test” returned a
• 5-5 Cylinder #5 Injector current below normal “Not OK” for any injector, refer to Troubleshooting,
“Engine Misfires, Runs Rough or Is Unstable”.
• 5-6 Cylinder #5 Injector current above normal
STOP.
• 6-5 Cylinder #6 Injector current below normal
• Open – Note the cylinders that indicate “Open”.
• 6-6 Cylinder #6 Injector current above normal Proceed to Test Step 5.
Test Step 3. Use the “Injector Solenoid B. Allow the engine to warm up to normal operating
Test” temperature.
• “Cylinder Cutout Test” D. Fabricate a jumper wire 100 mm (4 inch) long with
terminals on both ends of the wire.
D. Select the start button at the bottom of the screen
for the cylinder cutout test on the electronic E. Insert one end of the jumper wire into the terminal
service tool. for the suspect injector’s supply. Insert the other
end of the jumper wire into the terminal for the
E. Select the “Cylinder Cutout Test”. suspect injector’s return circuit.
F. Follow the instructions that are provided in the F. Perform the “Injector Solenoid Test” at least two
cylinder cutout test. The cylinder cutout tests are times.
interactive so the procedure is guided to the finish.
G. Repeat this test for each suspect injector. Stop
Note: The “Manual Cylinder Cutout Test” is also the “Injector Solenoid Test” before handling the
available. Access the manual test by selecting the jumper wires.
“Change” button on the screen for the cylinder cutout
test. The “Cylinder Cutout Test” is the recommended Expected Result:
starting procedure. The automated tests run twice
collecting data. The two sets of data are analyzed The electronic service tool displays “Current Above
and an “OK” or “Not OK” result is displayed. Normal” for the cylinder with the jumper wire.
H. Perform the “Injector Solenoid Test” at least two E. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position.
times.
F. Perform the “Injector Solenoid Test” at least two
Expected Result: times.
• OK – There is a fault with the injector harness Note: On six cylinder engines, shorting a shared
under the valve cover. supply will affect the status of three injectors. Ignore
the status of the other injectors that are on the shared
Repair: Repair the injector harness or replace the supply.
injector harness under the valve cover.
Results:
Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all
logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the • OK – The ECM is OK.
repair eliminates the fault.
Repair: On six cylinder engines, if the three
STOP. injectors that share a supply indicate “Open Circuit”
fault codes, the open circuit is probably caused by
• Not OK – The injector may be faulty. a faulty ECM.
Repair: Replace the faulty injector. Refer to Repair the engine harness or replace the engine
Disassembly and Assembly, “Electronic Unit harness, as required.
Injectors - Remove” and Disassembly and
Assembly, “Electronic Unit Injectors - Install”. Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all
logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the
Restore the wiring to the correct injectors. repair eliminates the fault.
Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all • Not OK – There may be a fault with the ECM.
logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the
repair eliminates the fault. Repair: Temporarily connect a test ECM.
Test Step 8. Check the Harness between Note: When the engine harness is disconnected,
the ECM and the Valve Cover Base for a all of the diagnostic codes for supply voltage to the
Short Circuit sensors will be active. This is normal. Clear all of the
logged diagnostic codes after completing this test
step.
D. Perform the “Injector Solenoid Test” at least two Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all
times. logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the
repair eliminates the fault.
Expected Result:
STOP.
All cylinders indicate “Current Below Normal”.
• Not OK – There may be a fault with the ECM.
Results:
Repair: Temporarily connect a test ECM.
• OK – All cylinders indicate “Current Below
Normal”. Proceed to Test Step 10. Perform the “Injector Solenoid Test”.
• Not OK – One or more cylinders indicate “Current If the test ECM fixes the fault, reconnect the
Above Normal”. Note the cylinders that indicate suspect ECM.
“Current Above Normal”. Proceed to Test Step 9.
If the fault returns with the suspect ECM, replace
Test Step 9. Check the ECM for a Short the ECM.
Circuit
Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all
logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the
repair eliminates the fault.
Electrical shock hazard. The electronic unit injec-
tor system uses 67-73 volts. STOP.
All cylinders indicate “Current Below Normal” when C. Disconnect each of the injectors that indicate a
connector P2 is disconnected from the ECM. “Short” from the wiring harness. Ensure that each
of the connectors from the disconnected injector
harness does not touch any other components.
168 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
E. Perform the “Injector Solenoid Test” at least two • OK – The resistance is greater than 10 Ohms.
times.
Repair: Reconnect connector P2.
Expected Result:
Replace the faulty injector.
All of the injectors that were disconnected indicate
“Current Below Normal”. Perform the “Injector Solenoid Test”.
Repair the injector harness or replace the injector If the resistance is greater than 10 Ohms, the fault
harness under the valve cover. is in the return wire under the valve cover.
Use the electronic service tool to clear all logged Repair the injector harness or replace the injector
diagnostic codes and then verify that the repair has harness.
eliminated the fault.
Use the electronic service tool to clear all logged
STOP. diagnostic codes and then perform the “Injector
Solenoid Test” in order to verify that the repair
Test Step 11. Check for a Short Circuit in eliminates the fault.
the Return Wire
STOP.
i02460759
Electrical shock hazard. The electronic unit injec-
tor system uses 67-73 volts. Speed Demand Circuit
(Analog) - Test
A. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position. A strong
electrical shock hazard is present if the keyswitch
is not turned OFF.
System Operation Description:
B. Disconnect the connector P2 from the ECM.
Use this procedure if another procedure has directed
C. Locate the terminal for the supply of the faulty you here. Use this procedure if any of the following
injector in the connector P2. Measure the diagnostic codes are active:
resistance from the terminal to the engine ground
stud. • 91-03 Accelerator pedal - voltage above normal
Expected Result: • 91-04 Accelerator pedal - voltage below normal
The resistance is greater than 10 Ohms.
KENR6933 169
Troubleshooting Section
Table 40
P1 Pin Connections
Function Throttle 1
Device Ground 33
Throttle Position Input 54
g01232661
Illustration 65
Schematic of the analog speed demand device
g01228119
Illustration 66
Typical view of the P1 OEM connector pin locations
(33) Device ground (GND) (54) Analog throttle input 1
170 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
D. Perform a 45 N (10 lb) pull test on each of the B. Check that the output signal from the control
wires in the harness that are associated with the system is correct.
speed demand device. Check the wire connectors
at the ECM and at the control system. The wire Expected Result:
connectors are shown in table 40.
The output signal from the control system should be
E. Check the screw for the ECM connector for the within the specification in the OEM supplied manual.
correct torque of 5.0 N·m (44 lb in).
Results:
Expected Result:
• OK – The output signal from the control system is
The connectors and the harness should be free of correct. Proceed to Test Step 4.
the following faults: damage, abrasion, corrosion,
and incorrect attachment. • Not OK – The output signal from the control
system is not correct or the control system is
Results: incorrectly configured.
• OK – Proceed to Test Step 2. Repair: Repair the control system or configure the
control system. Refer to the OEM supplied manual.
• Not OK
Verify that the repair eliminates the fault.
Repair: Repair the connectors or the harness
and/or replace the connectors or the harness. STOP.
Verify that the repair eliminates the fault. Test Step 4. Check the Signal at the ECM.
STOP. A. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position.
Test Step 2. Check for active Diagnostic B. Remove the P1 OEM connector.
Codes.
C. Temporarily remove the pin from P1:54.
A. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position.
D. Reconnect P1 OEM connector.
B. Use the Perkins EST to check for diagnostic
codes. E. Connect the red probe of a multimeter to the
removed pin and the black probe of a multimeter
Expected Result: to P1:33.
RESULT 1 The Perkins EST displays the following F. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position.
active diagnostic codes or recently logged diagnostic
codes: G. Check that the signal at the ECM is the same
value as the output signal from the control system.
• 91-03
H. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position.
• 91-04
I. Remove P1 OEM connector and reinstall P1:54 to
RESULT 2 The Perkins EST displays no active the P1 OEM connector.
diagnostic codes:
J. Reconnect P1 OEM connector.
KENR6933 171
Troubleshooting Section
1. Temporarily connect a test ECM. In other applications, the control system is referred
to as an accelerator or a throttle. These terms are
Note: The test ECM should be programmed with the still displayed on the electronic service tool for this
correct software. All parameters should be set to the application.
same value as the suspected ECM.
STOP.
i02460763
g01228375
Illustration 67
Typical schematic of the digital speed demand device
g01228377
Illustration 68
Typical example of the pin locations on the P1 OEM connector
(33) Digital speed demand device return (53) Digital speed demand device input
Test Step 1. Inspect Electrical Connectors C. Check the screw for the ECM connector for the
and Wiring correct torque of 5.0 N·m (44 lb in).
A. Inspect the P1/J1 connector, OEM harness and D. Check the harness for abrasion and pinch points
the OEM connectors. Thoroughly inspect the from the digital throttle position sensor to the ECM.
connector on the digital speed demand device.
Refer to Troubleshooting, “Electrical Connectors - Expected Result:
Inspect” for details.
All connectors, pins and sockets are completely
B. Perform a 45 N (10 lb) pull test on each of the coupled and/or inserted and the harness is free of
wires in the ECM connector that are associated corrosion, abrasion or pinch points.
with the digital speed demand device:
Results:
• P1:33
• OK – Proceed to Test Step 2.
• P1:53
• Not OK
KENR6933 173
Troubleshooting Section
Repair: Perform the following repair: Verify that the repair eliminates the fault.
A. Connect Perkins EST to the data link connector. E. Connect the red probe of a multimeter to the
removed pin and the black probe of a multimeter
B. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position. to P1:33.
C. Monitor the active diagnostic code screen on F. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position.
Perkins EST. Check and record active diagnostic
codes. G. Check that the signal at the ECM is the same
value as the output signal from the control system.
Expected Result:
H. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position.
Result 1 Diagnostic code 91-08 is active.
I. Remove P1 OEM connector and reinstall P1:53 to
Result 2 There are no active diagnostic codes that the P1 OEM connector.
are associated with the speed demand circuit at this
time. However, a fault is suspected. J. Reconnect P1 OEM connector.
• Result 1 – Proceed to Test Step 3. The signal at the ECM is the same value as the
output signal from the control system.
• Result 2 – There may be an intermittent connection
in the wiring. Proceed to Test Step 3. Results:
Test Step 3. Check the Control Signal. • OK – The terminals on the ECM have the correct
voltage for the control system.
A. Refer to the OEM supplied manual for the control
system. Repair: The ECM is suspect.
B. Check that the output signal from the control 1. Temporarily connect a test ECM.
system is correct.
Note: The test ECM should be programmed with the
Expected Result: correct software. All parameters should be set to the
same value as the suspected ECM.
The output signal from the control system should be
within the specification in the OEM supplied manual. 2. If the fault is eliminated with the test ECM,
install the suspect ECM and verify that the fault
Results: returns.
• OK – The output signal from the control system is 3. If the fault returns replace the ECM.
correct. Proceed to Test Step 4.
STOP.
• Not OK – The output signal from the control
system is not correct or the control system is • Not OK – There is a fault in the harness or the
incorrectly configured. connectors between the sensor and the ECM.
Check all of the connections between the ECM and
Repair: Repair the control system or configure the the control system. Repair the damaged cables
control system. Refer to the OEM supplied manual. or replace the damaged cables. Check that the
repairs have eliminated the fault. STOP.
174 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
i02661788
g01337191
Illustration 69
Typical schematic for the starting aid switch
g01205132
Illustration 70
Typical view of the pin locations on the P1 connector
(1) Ground (GND) (9) Ground (GND) (63) Cold start lamp
(2) Ground (GND) (10) Ground (GND)
(3) Ground (GND) (57) Start aid control
176 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
Test Step 1. Inspect Electrical Connectors C. Use the electronic service tool to select the “Glow
and Wiring Plug Override Test” in order to turn on the power
for the glow plugs.
A. Inspect the following connectors:
D. Check for active diagnostic codes or recently
• P1 connector logged diagnostic codes.
B. Inspect the terminal connections on the glow The following diagnostic code is active or recently
plug start aid relay. Refer to Troubleshooting, logged:
“Electrical Connectors - Inspect” for details.
• 2246-06 Glow Plug Start Aid Relay Current above
C. Perform a 45 N (10 lb) pull test on each of the normal
wires in the ECM connector that are associated
with the glow plug starting aid. Results:
D. Check the screw for the ECM connector for the • OK – The expected diagnostic code is active or
correct torque of 5.0 N·m (44 lb in). recently logged. Proceed to Test step 3.
E. Check the harness for abrasion and pinch points • Not OK – An active diagnostic code or a recently
from the glow plugs back to the ECM. logged diagnostic code was not displayed.
F. Check that the fuses are not blown. Repair: Perform one of the following procedures:
Repair: Repair the connectors or the harness or Test Step 3. Check the Wiring for a Short
replace the connectors or the harness. Ensure Circuit
that all of the seals are correctly installed and
ensure that the connectors are completely coupled. A. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position.
Replace blown fuses.
B. Remove the P1 connector from the ECM.
Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all
logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the C. Check the connector, pins and the sockets for
repair has eliminated the fault. corrosion or damage.
A. Connect the electronic service tool to the The resistance between P1:57 and each of the pins
diagnostic connector. on the P1 connector is more than 10,000 Ohms.
• Not OK – The harness is faulty. • OK – The glow plug start aid relay is operating
correctly. Reconnect the connection to test point
Repair: If the resistance between P1:57 and “D” on the glow plug start aid relay. Proceed to
each of the other pins on the P1 connector is less Test Step 5.
than 10,000 Ohms then there is a short circuit or
high resistance in the connection to another wire. • Not OK – The glow plug start aid relay is faulty.
Locate the open circuit, the short circuit or high
resistance in the connection in the harness. Repair Repair: Replace the glow plug start aid relay.
the connectors or the harness and/or replace the Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all
connectors or the harness. Ensure that all of the logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the
seals are correctly in place and ensure that the repair eliminates the fault.
connectors are correctly coupled. Replace any
fuses that may be open circuit. If the fault still exists, proceed to Test step 5.
Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all Test Step 5. Check the ECM
logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the
repair has eliminated the fault. A. Disconnect the P2 connector and disconnect the
P1 connector from the ECM.
If the fault still exists, proceed to Test Step 4.
B. Temporarily connect a test ECM. The test ECM
Test Step 4. Bypass the ECM In Order to should be programmed with the same values and
Check the Operation of the Glow Plug parameters as the suspect ECM.
Start Aid Relay
C. Check the screw for the ECM connector for the
A. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position. correct torque of 5.0 N·m (44 lb in).
B. Disconnect the connection from test point “D” on D. Ensure that all connectors, pins and sockets are
the glow plug start aid relay. correctly coupled and/or inserted.
C. Connect a jumper wire between the battery ground E. Use the electronic service tool in order to perform
and terminal “D” on the glow plug start aid relay. a “Glow Plug Override Test”.
D. Measure the voltage from the battery ground and Expected Result:
terminal “B” on the glow plug start aid relay.
The replacement ECM functions correctly. Performing
E. Connect a multimeter between terminal “B” on the the “Glow Plug Override Test” energizes the glow
glow plug start aid relay and the battery ground. plugs.
Note: The engine has not been started at this Test • OK – The replacement ECM functions correctly.
Step.
Repair: Install the replacement ECM. Refer to
G. Use the electronic service tool in order to operate Troubleshooting, “Replacing the ECM”.
the glow plugs.
STOP.
H. Measure the voltage from the battery ground and
terminal “B” on the glow plug start aid relay.
Expected Result:
i02662105
Table 41
Pin Connections
Sensor Pin Function P2 Pin Connection
1 Ground 44
2 Signal 17
KENR6933 179
Troubleshooting Section
g01245700
Illustration 71
Schematic for the wastegate regulator
g01245711
Illustration 72
Wastegate regulator connector
(1) Ground (GND) (2) Signal (SIG)
g01172793
Illustration 73
Typical view of the pin locations on the P1 connector
(17) Wastegate pulse width modulation
(PWM) signal
(44) Wastegate return
180 KENR6933
Troubleshooting Section
Expected Result:
Results:
A. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position. Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all
logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the
B. Connect the electronic service tool to the data link repair eliminates the fault.
connector.
STOP.
C. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position. Start the
Perkins EST. Test Step 3. Determine the Diagnostic
Code that is Active
D. Monitor the electronic service tool for active
diagnostic codes and/or logged diagnostic codes. A. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position. Access the
“Diagnostics Tests” on the electronic service tool.
Expected Result: Activate the “Turbo Wastegate Solenoid Test”.
Wait at least 30 seconds in order for the result to
One or more diagnostic codes are active or logged. be displayed.
• Not OK – Diagnostic code 526-6 is active at this B. Temporarily remove the wires from P2:17 and
time. Proceed to Test Step 6. P2:44.
• Not OK – Diagnostic code 526-7 is active at this C. Fabricate a jumper wire between P2:17 and P2:44
time. Proceed to Test Step 4. in order to create a short circuit.
Test Step 4. Create a Short Circuit in the Note: The P2/J2 connector must be connected
Harness at the Solenoid during the next step.
A. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position. D. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position. Access
the “Special Tests” under the “Diagnostics” menu
B. Disconnect the P511 connector for the wastegate on the electronic service tool. Activate the “Turbo
regulator. Wastegate Solenoid Output” on the electronic
service tool. Wait at least 30 seconds for activation
C. Fabricate a jumper wire between P511:1 and of the diagnostic codes.
P511:2 in order to create a short circuit.
E. Check for active diagnostic codes on the electronic
D. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position. Access the service tool.
“Diagnostics Tests” on the electronic service tool.
Activate the “Turbo Wastegate Solenoid Test”. Expected Result:
Wait at least 30 seconds in order for the result to
be displayed. Diagnostic code 526-6 is now active.
1. Temporarily connect a replacement wastegate • Not OK – There is still an open circuit diagnostic
regulator. code.
2. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position. Access Repair: Perform the following procedure:
the “Diagnostics Tests” on the electronic service
tool. Activate the “Turbo Wastegate Solenoid 1. Temporarily connect a test ECM. Refer to
Test”. Wait at least 30 seconds in order for the Troubleshooting, “Programming Parameters”
result to be displayed. before replacing the ECM.
3. Diagnostic code 526-6 is no longer active. 2. If the test ECM fixes the fault, reconnect the
suspect ECM. If the fault returns, permanently
4. If the fault is eliminated, reconnect the suspect install the replacement ECM.
wastegate regulator. If the fault returns,
permanently install the replacement wastegate STOP.
regulator.
Test Step 6. Disconnect the Wastegate
STOP. Regulator in order to Create an Open
Circuit
• Not OK – The low current diagnostic code (open
circuit) is still active. Proceed to Test Step 5. A. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position.
Test Step 5. Create a Short Circuit at the B. Disconnect the P511 connector for the wastegate
ECM regulator in order to create an open circuit.
C. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position. Access the Use the electronic service tool in order to clear all
“Diagnostics Tests” on the electronic service tool. logged diagnostic codes and then verify that the
Activate the “Turbo Wastegate Solenoid Test”. repair eliminated the fault.
Wait at least 30 seconds in order for the result to
be displayed. STOP.
D. Check for active diagnostic codes on the electronic • Not OK – Diagnostic code 526-6 is still present.
service tool.
Repair: Perform the following procedure:
Expected Result:
1. Temporarily connect a test ECM. Refer to
Diagnostic code 526-5 is now active. Troubleshooting, “Programming Parameters”
before replacing the ECM.
Results:
2. If the test ECM eliminates the fault, reconnect
• OK – Diagnostic code 526-5 is now active. the suspect ECM. If the fault returns,
permanently install the replacement ECM.
Repair: There is a short in the solenoid of the
wastegate regulator. STOP.
STOP.
Expected Result:
Results:
Index
Numerics CID 0110 FMI 03 ................................................... 86
CID 0110 FMI 04 ................................................... 86
5 Volt Sensor Supply Circuit - Test ...................... 104 CID 0168 FMI 00 ................................................... 86
CID 0168 FMI 01 ................................................... 87
CID 0168 FMI 02 ................................................... 87
A CID 0172 FMI 03 ................................................... 88
CID 0172 FMI 04 ................................................... 88
Alternator Noise..................................................... 38 CID 0190 FMI 08 ................................................... 89
Probable Causes ............................................... 38 CID 0247 FMI 09 ................................................... 89
Recommended Actions...................................... 38 CID 0247 FMI 12 ................................................... 89
Alternator Will Not Charge..................................... 38 CID 0253 FMI 02 ................................................... 90
Probable Causes ............................................... 38 CID 0261 FMI 11 ................................................... 90
Recommended Actions...................................... 38 CID 0262 FMI 03 ................................................... 90
CID 0262 FMI 04 ................................................... 91
CID 0268 FMI 02 ................................................... 91
B CID 0342 FMI 08 ................................................... 91
CID 0526 FMI 05 ................................................... 92
Battery ................................................................... 39 CID 0526 FMI 06 ................................................... 92
Probable Causes ............................................... 39 CID 0526 FMI 07 ................................................... 92
Recommended Actions...................................... 39 CID 1779 FMI 05 ................................................... 93
CID 1779 FMI 06 ................................................... 93
CID 1785 FMI 03 ................................................... 93
C CID 1785 FMI 04 ................................................... 94
CID 1785 FMI 10 ................................................... 94
CAN Data Link Circuit - Test................................. 111 CID 1797 FMI 03 ................................................... 95
Can Not Reach Top Engine RPM .......................... 39 CID 1797 FMI 04 ................................................... 95
Probable Causes ............................................... 39 CID 1834 FMI 02 ................................................... 96
Recommended Actions...................................... 39 CID 2246 FMI 06 ................................................... 96
CID 0001 FMI 02 ................................................... 72 Coolant in Engine Oil............................................. 41
CID 0001 FMI 05 ................................................... 73 Probable Causes ............................................... 41
CID 0001 FMI 06 ................................................... 73 Recommended Actions...................................... 42
CID 0001 FMI 07 ................................................... 74 Coolant Temperature Is Too High .......................... 42
CID 0002 FMI 02 ................................................... 74 Probable Causes ............................................... 42
CID 0002 FMI 05 ................................................... 74 Recommended Actions...................................... 42
CID 0002 FMI 06 ................................................... 75 Customer Specified Parameters............................ 32
CID 0002 FMI 07 ................................................... 75 Configurable Inputs............................................ 33
CID 0003 FMI 02 ................................................... 75 ECM Identification Parameter ............................ 32
CID 0003 FMI 05 ................................................... 76 Engine Rating Parameter................................... 32
CID 0003 FMI 06 ................................................... 76 J1939 Continuous Fault Handling...................... 33
CID 0003 FMI 07 ................................................... 77 Low/High Idle Parameters.................................. 32
CID 0004 FMI 02 ................................................... 77 Miscellaneous .................................................... 33
CID 0004 FMI 05 ................................................... 77 PTO and Throttle Lock Parameters ................... 32
CID 0004 FMI 06 ................................................... 78 Customer Specified Parameters Table .................. 35
CID 0004 FMI 07 ................................................... 78 Customer Specified Parameters Worksheet ......... 36
CID 0005 FMI 02 ................................................... 79
CID 0005 FMI 05 ................................................... 79
CID 0005 FMI 06 ................................................... 80 D
CID 0005 FMI 07 ................................................... 80
CID 0006 FMI 02 ................................................... 80 Data Link Circuit - Test ......................................... 114
CID 0006 FMI 05 ................................................... 81 Diagnostic Code Cross Reference ........................ 70
CID 0006 FMI 06 ................................................... 81 Diagnostic Functional Tests................................. 104
CID 0006 FMI 07 ................................................... 82
CID 0041 FMI 03 ................................................... 82
CID 0041 FMI 04 ................................................... 82 E
CID 0091 FMI 03 ................................................... 83
CID 0091 FMI 04 ................................................... 83 E172 High Air Filter Restriction ............................. 97
CID 0091 FMI 08 ................................................... 84 E2143 Low Engine Coolant Level ....................... 103
CID 0100 FMI 03 ................................................... 84 E232 High Fuel/Water Separator Water Level ...... 97
CID 0100 FMI 04 ................................................... 85 E360 Low Engine Oil Pressure.............................. 97
CID 0100 FMI 10 ................................................... 85 E361 High Engine Coolant Temperature ............... 99
184 KENR6933
Index Section
M W
Self-Diagnostics..................................................... 17
Sensors and Electrical Connectors ....................... 17
Speed Demand Circuit (Analog) - Test ................ 168
Speed Demand Circuit (Digital) - Test ................. 171
Speed Demand Input Setup .................................. 30
Initial Lower Position Limit ................................. 31
Initial Upper Position Limit ................................. 31
Lower Dead Zone .............................................. 31
Lower Diagnostic Limit....................................... 30
Lower Position Limit........................................... 31
Upper Dead Zone .............................................. 31
Upper Diagnostic Limit....................................... 31
Upper Position Limit........................................... 31
Starting Aid (Glow Plug) Relay Circuit - Test ....... 174
System Configuration Parameters......................... 37
ECM Software Release Date ............................. 37
Engine Serial Number........................................ 37
Full Load Setting ................................................ 37
Full Torque Setting ............................................. 37
Rating Interlock .................................................. 37
System Overview..................................................... 5
Diagnostic Codes................................................. 7
Passwords ........................................................... 7
Programmable Parameters.................................. 7
System Operation ................................................ 5
Table of Contents..................................................... 3
Test ECM Mode ..................................................... 26
Troubleshooting Section.......................................... 5
Troubleshooting with a Diagnostic Code ............... 70
Troubleshooting with an Event Code..................... 97
Troubleshooting without a Diagnostic Code .......... 38
186 KENR6933
Index Section
KENR6933 187
Index Section
Copyright ©2007 Perkins Engines Company Limited
All Rights Reserved Printed in U.K.