Nama : MUH.

AFDAL
NIM : E061211105
Prodi : Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Mata kuliah : Bahasa Inggris
Dosen Pengampu : Prof. Dr. Noerjihad Saleh, MA

TEXT A

Exercise 1

a. What does the economic system of the United States differ from? Answer:
The economic system of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. b. What is
the American system based on?
Answer: Based on private enterprise.
c. What is the Russian system based on?
Answer: Based on the principles of Karl Marx.
d. When did Karl Marx live? Answer: He
lived in the 19th century.
e. What economic system is the British system similar to?
Answer: Similar to The American System.
f. On what two things is the British system based?
Answer: Based on private enterprise and private supplies of capital. g.
Who can own property in the United States and Britain?
Answer: The property can be owned by individual citizens. h.
What must British and American citizens obey?
Answer: The citizens must obey the law.
i. What three things can Britons and Americans use as they wish?
Answer: They can use their time, money and efort as they wish.
Exercise 2
Make these sentences passive, as in the example. Example : Most people produce goods
and services. Goods and services are produced by most people.
a. Some people provide both goods and services.
The answer : Goods and services are provided by some people b.
Economists study the economic system.
The answer : The economic system is studied by Economist c.
That man owns the house.
The answer : The house is owned by that man d.
They will provide shelter and clothes.
The answer : Shelter and clothes will be provided by them e.
Economic changes affect our lives.
The answer : Our lives are affected by economic changes f.
They will maintain his car.
The answer : His car will be maintained by them
g. The economists explained the economic system.
The answer : The economic system was explained by the economists h.
They explained the methods.
The answer : The methods was explained by them i.
He told me how the Russian system works.
The answer : I were told by him about how the Russian system works.
j. Economists describe how capital is used in business. The answer :
Economists describe how capital is used in business

Exercise 3
Combine these pairs of sentences as in the example, making them conditional and using
may. Example :
(if) He comes tomorrow.
Perhaps he will see you.
• If he comes tomorrow, he may see you
a. (if) The people work regularly and well.
 Perhaps they will earn more money.
The answer : if the people work regularly and well, they may earn more
money.
b. (if) The man buys his car at that garage.
Perhaps the garage-owner will provide some extra services.
The answer : if The man buys his car at that garage, the garage-owner may
provide some extra services.
c. (if) We buy these commodities today. Perhaps we will be able to sell them
tomorrow.
The answer : if we buy these commodities today, we may be able to sell them
tomorrow.
d. (if) The farmers try to produce more.
Perhaps they will have some goods to sell as well as to use themselves. The
answer : if the farmers try to produce more, they may have some goods to sell
as well as to use themselves.
e. Perhaps life will be more enjoyable. (If) We have a radio and toys for the
children.
The answer : life may be be more enjoyable if we have a radio and toys for the
children.

TEXT B
1. Say whether these statements are true (T) of false (F), and if they are false, say why.
a. (F) The economic systems of the United States and the Soviet Union are the same.
Because the economic system of the USA based on private enterpirse while the
USSR system is communistic.
b. (T) In The United States the means of production are privately owned.

th th
c. (F) Karl Marx was an 18 century economic thinker. Karl Marx was a 19

century political economist.

d. (F) The British system is based on the principles of Karl Marx. Economic system
that based on the Karl Marx’s principle is Russian’s.
e. (T) Because Britain has a system of private enterprise, we can say its economy is
similar to the American economy.
 f. (T) Capital is essentially surplus income used for new business acivities.
g. (T) Individual citizenz in Britain and the United States have complete economic
freedom.
h. (F) British citizens can choose what they want to do as long as they obey the law.
British people can only use their time, money, and effort as they wish because
they must obey the law.
2. Make these sentences passive and omit the agent phrase in the same way as in the
example.

a. They provided all the necessary goods and services.

i. All the necessary goods and services were provided by them.
ii. All the necessary goods and services were provided.
b. He will supply all the essential commodities.
i. All the essential commodities will be supplied by him.
ii. All the essential commodities will be supplied.
c. The farmer undertook the work last week, and has just finished it.
i. The work was undertaken by the farmer last week, it has just been finished.
ii. The work was undertaken last week, it has just been finished.
d. The men satisfied the economist that they would do the work rapidly.
i. They economist was satisfied by the men that the work would be done rapidly
by them.
ii. They economist was satisfied by the men that the work would be done rapidly.
e. The economist described the whole economic system in a strictly scientific way.
i. The whole economic systems were described by the economist in a strictly
scientific way.
ii. The whole economic systems were described in a strictly scientific way.
f. The economic system affected the people’s lives in many ways.
i. The people’s lives were affected in many ways by the economic system.
ii. The people’s lives were affected in many ways.
g. They studied the supply of both essential and non-essential commodities.
i. The supply of both essential and non-essential commodities were studied by
them.
ii. The supply of both essential and non-essential commodities were studied.
 h. The people enjoy a strong economy in that country.
i. A strong economy is enjoyed by the people in that country.
ii. A strong economy is enjoyed in that country.
i. The citizens exercise a considerable amount of economic freedom.
i. A considerable amount of the economic freedom was exercised by the citizens.
ii. A considerable amount of the economic freedom was exercised

3. Arrange these sentences in order to make a logical paragraph about the American and
Russian economies.

th
a. The system was founded by the 19 century political economist Karl Marx.
b. Capitalism is based on the idea of individual citizens owning property and
privately conducting their own business.
c. Whereas the American system is capitalistic, the Russian system is communistic.
d. Communism however is based on the idea of property belonging to the State and
all business being public rather than private.
e. The American and Russian ideologies are very different.

Answer:

(e) – (c) – (b) – (d) – (a)

5. In the text there are two adjectives of nationality: American and Russian. Below is a list
of countries (nations). Study the example and then do the same for the listed words.
Example:
Britain: That man is British: he is a Briton.
Holland: That man is Dutch; he is a Dutchman.
India: That man is Indian; he is an Indian.
a. Germany: That man is German; he is a German
b. Italy: That man is Italian; he is an Italian
c. Spain: That man is Spanish; he is a Spaniard
Do the same for the following:
d. Greece: That man is Greek a Greek
e. Brazil: That man is Brazilian; he is a Brazilian
 f. Sweden: That man is Swedish; he is a Swede
g. Portugal: That man is Portuguese; he is a Portuguese
h. France: That man is French; he is a Frenchman
i. Malaysia: That man is malaysian; he is a malaysian
j. China: That man is Chinese; he is a Chinese
k. Japan: That man is Japanese; he is a Japanese
l. Scotland: That man is Scottish; he is a Scot
m. Canada: That man is Canadian; he is a Canadian
n. Mexico: That man is Mexican; he is a Mexican
o. Norway: That man is Norwegian; he is a Norwegian
p. Pakistan: That man is Pakistani; he is a Pakistani
q. Indonesia: That man is indonesian; he is an Indonesian
r. Iran: That man is Iranian; he is an Iranian
s. Turkey: That man is Turkish; he is a Turk
t. Egypt: That man is Egyptian; he is an Egyptian
u. Ghana: That man is Ghanaian; he is a Ghanaian
v. England: That man is English; he is an Englishman
w. Ireland: That man is Irish; he is an Irishman
x. U.S.A: That man is American; he is an American
y. Zambia: That man is Zambian; he is a Zambian.

25 countries. List them under these five headings: (a) Latin-American; (b) North African;
(c)

Balkan; (d) South-East Asian; (e) Others;

Libya (e) France (e) Brazil (a) Malawi (e)

Greece (e) Argentina (a) Mauritania (e) Albania (c)

Thailand (d) Yugoslavia (e) Canada (e) Morocco (b)

Bulgaria (c) Mexico (a) Pakistan (e) Cambodia (a)

Japan (e) Norway (e) Malaysia (d) Egypt (b)

Rumania (e) Peru (a) Algeria (e) Nicaragua (a)

Philippines (d)