Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Auditoria de Moçambique

Stream: Contabilidade e Auditoria Class: 02 Subject: English

Name: Kenly Stefan Munguambe

UNIT 5
Exercises
TEXT A
1. Answers these questions, basing your answers on the text. 
a) What two things are greatly reduced in a communistic system? A:  The two things which are greatly
reduced in a communistic system are: private property and private enterprise.
b) What area do they occupy in the economy? A: They occupy a small area in the economy.
c) What did Karl Marx propose about private property? A: Karl Marx proposed a world in which there
would be no private property at all.
d) What is the theoretical communist view on property? A: In theory, Communism demands that all
property should belong to the State.
e) What is the position in practice? A: In practice, the citizens of states like the USSR are permitted
to have personal property.
f) What does the State do in the communist system of central planning? A: The State organizes the
whole economic effort of the people who comprise the nation.
g) What two decisions does the central authority make? A: The central authority decides what goods
and services will be produced, what quantities of goods will be produced and how they will be
distributed. 
h) What does the authority control? A: The authority controls the quality of the goods.
i) What can the authority do about prices? A: The authority can decide what prices will be charged for
the goods and services.
j) What is the State responsible for and what must it do? A: The state is responsible for the economy
and is concerned with methods of production as well as with quality and quantity. The state must plan
the national economy over a number of years. 
2. Make these sentences passive, omitting the agent phrase. 
EXAMPLE: The government reduced private property to a minimum. 

⇒ Private property was reduced to a minimum. 

a) The government limited private enterprise to a small area in the economy. A: Private enterprise was
limited to a small area in the economy by the government. 
b) They permit the citizens to have personal property. A: To have personal property is permitted to the
citizens by them.
c) The workers will produce only essential commodities. A: Only essential commodities will be
produced by the workers.
d) That factory produced a large quantity of shoes last year. A: A large quantity of shoes was produced
by that factory last year.
e) You will charge more money for these services.  A: More money will be charged for these services
by you.
f) The central authority must plan the economy over a number of years. A: The economy must be
planned over a number of years by the central authority.
g) The authorities provided large numbers of workers for the ten new factories. A: Large numbers of
workers were provided for the ten new factories by the authorities.
h) The government reduced the quantity of shoes produced in that factory. A: The quantity of shoes
produced in that factory was reduced by the government.
i) The State organized the whole economic effort of the nation. A: The whole economic effort of the
nation was organized by the state.
j) The central authority has planned the whole economic programme for the next five years.
A: The whole economic programme for the next five years has been planned by the central authority.
3. Combine these pairs of sentences, using what and would. 
EXAMPLE:
This quantity of goods will be produced. The planners decided it. 

⇒ The planners decided what quantity of goods would be produced.

a) These goods and services will be produced. The central authorities decided it. 
A: The central authorities decided what goods and services would be produced.
b) These prices will be charged for the goods. The planners discussed it. 
A: The planners discussed what prices would be charged for the goods. 
c) This quality will be the most suitable. The government considered it. 
A: The government considered what quality would be the most suitable. 
d) This commercial activity will be useful in the next few years. The planning authority decided 
It. A: The planning authority decided what commercial activity would be useful in the next few years.
e) These changes will be made in the organization of the factory. The employers and
employees discussed it. A: The employers and employees discussed what changes would be made in
the organization of the factory. 
 Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Auditoria de Moçambique

f) These conditions will affect the national economy in the next twenty years. The economists
considered the matter.
A: The economists considered the matter what conditions would be affect the national economy in the
next twenty years. 
4. Change the listed adjectives into adverbs (-ly or -ally as necessary) and put one adverb in each
sentence in order to make sense. Some adverbs can operate successfully in more than one sentence, but
each has a letter to indicate the best choice. 

EXAMPLE: great ⇒ greatly 

Their private property was ______reduced.  Their private property was greatly reduced.
careful (b)    scientific (e)  considerable (h) 
rapid (a)  systematic ( c)  regular (i) 
clear ( f)  probable (g) usual (j)
complete (d)
a) The new government worked rapidly to change the laws. 
b) The central authority carefully controls the quality and quantity of goods. 
c) The State systematically plans the economic effort of its citizens. 
d) The economic system changed over the thirty year completely period. 
e) Work in economics should always be done scientifically.
f) Their economic system is clearly capitalistic. 
g) The employers will probably discuss the use of new machines in the factory. 
h) The city has changed considerably in the last few years. 
i) These men work regularly from nine o'clock till five every day. 
j) In a free economy there is usually very little central planning.
5. Put prepositions in the blanks of these sentences. 
EXAMPLE : The central authority is concerned ____ methods of production.

⇒ The central authority is concerned with  methods of production.

a) His capital was finally reduced to nothing. 
b) They charged quite a lot of money in that commodity. 
c) The government is usually responsible for the people and the condition of the national economy. 
d) Citizens are required to conform with the law. 
e) He agreed with the other economists that the system was unusual. 
f) He was paid well by the government for the work he did.
g) The people hoped to a reduction in the price of essential goods. 
h) That man subscribed for a number of important news-papers and magazines containing information
about economics. 
i) The consumption of coal and steel has increased greatly in recent years. 
j) They have provided many services for the citizens in that town and do not charge very much for the
services.

TEXT B
1. Say whether these statements are true (T) or false (F), and if they are false say why.

a) (F) Private property in a capitalistic state is reduced to a minimum. A: It's false because this happens
in a communistic system and not capitalistic system.
b) (T) Karl Marx wanted a world in which there would be no private property. 
c) (T) Communist theory and practice are not exactly the same as regards property. 
d) (T) Central planning by the State is an essential part of the communist system. 
e) (T) The central authority decides on the quantity, quality, price and place of sale of any commodity. 

f) (F) The central authority is responsible for the economy but is not concerned with methods of
production. A: It's false because the central authority is concerned with methods of production as well.
g) ( T) The word 'Marxist' is very similar in meaning to the word 'communist'. 
h) (F) Marxism is concerned with the needs of the private individual. A: It’s false because the
Marxism system is related to the needs of the State as a whole, not to the needs of the private person
f) (T) Collective needs are more important in a communist state than the needs of the individual.
2. Combine these pairs of sentences, using which. 
EXAMPLE: That is the garage. In that garage the new car is kept. 
That is the garage in which the new car is kept
a) Economics is a science. In that science everything must be studied in an objective way. 
A: Economics is a science in which everything must be studied in an objective way
b) The USSR has a system. In that system central planning is very important. 
 Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Auditoria de Moçambique

A: The USSR has a system in which central planning is very important.

c) The USA has an economy. In that economy government planning is limited to quite a small area.
A:  The USA has an economy in which economy government planning is limited to quite a small area
d) Marxism proposes a special economic system. In that system collective needs are more important
than individual needs. 
A: Marxism proposes a special economic system in which collective needs are more important
than individual needs. 
e) The British have a certain way of life. In that way of life private enterprise and private ownership
of property are very important.
A: The British have a certain way of life in which private enterprise and private ownership of property
are very important.
f) The Americans and the British have separate ideologies. In these ideologies there are many similar
points.
A: The Americans and the British have separate ideologies in which there are many similar points.

3. Combine these groups of three sentences using would and should. 

Example: These goods and services will be produced. These prices shall be charged. The central
authority decided these things. 

⇒ The central authority decided what goods and services would be produced, and what prices should
be charged .
a) These prices will be charged for the commodity. This quantity shall be made 
available. The planners discussed these things. 
A: The planners discussed what prices would be charged for the commodity, and what quantity should
be made available. 
b) This quality will be most suitable. This quantity shall be produced.  The government
considered these things. 
A: The government considered what quality would be most suitable, and what quantity should be
produced.
c) These conditions will affect the international economic system in the next ten years. These
plans shall be adopted.  The economists could not agree on these things. 
A: The economists could not agree on what conditions would affect the international economic system 
in the next ten years and what plans should be adopted.
 d) These changes will be made next year. These crops shall be grown. The farmers decided
these things. 
A: The farmers decided what changes would be made next year and what crops should be grown. 
e) These changes will be made in the factory. These wages shall be paid to the workers for the
next two years. The employers did not discuss these things.
A: The employers did not discuss what changes would be made in the factory and what wages should
be paid to the workers for the next two years. 
4. Make these words negative by adding the prefix in and altering it to the suit the consonant which
follows.
a) Practical – impractical b) possible – impossible c) responsible - irresponsible
d) mobile – immobile e) proper - improper f) rational - irrational
g) legible – illegible h) logical- illogical i) personal - impersonal
j) relevant - irrelevant