Geography Past Papers

Unit 1(a): Internal Structure of the Earth

Q1. Describe the internal structure of the earth in detail giving dimentions, mineral
composition and physical properties. What type of evidence is used to obtain this
information? What tempratures and pressures may be expected at the earth's centre?
(2009)
Q2. Write an essay on earthquake. (2009)
Q3. Discuss the importance of Dee Double Prime layer in view of the fact that the Earth is a
differentiated planet (2011)
Q4. Write short note on earthquake (10 marks) (2011)
Q5. Short notes about Tectonic Plates, Isostasy, Block Mountains (10 marks each) (2012).
Q6. How have earthquake waves helped the scientist to know about the interior of the
Earth.?Give a detailed description of the earth's interior with the help of diagrams.(2013)
Q7. Describe the young fold mountain building process with the help of moving Lithosphere
Plate Theory (2013)
Q8. Note on the internal structure of the Earth (10 marks)

Unit 1(b): Erosion, Transportation, Deposition

Q. Wind produces a variety of interesting sequential landforms both erosional and
depositional'. Discuss. (2009)
Q. Q. What are erosional and depositional features of wind? Discuss any one group in
detail? (2011)
Q. DISCUSS THE LANDFORMS PRODUCED BY THE WIND ACTION. (2015)
Q. describe landforms and evolution of landscapes of glaciation in the mid and high
latitudes. (2010).
Q. Present glaciated morphology through various stages. (2012)
Q. What is a glacier? Discuss the action of glacier as an agent of erosion and deposition and
the resulting landforms. (2014)
Q. Explain the concept of fluvial cycle, and the sequential development of landforms (2014)
Q. Write in detail on the action of the river in its youth, maturity, and old age. (2009)
Unit 2(a): Ocean Currents + Waves + Tides
Q1. Describe the factors contributing to the origin of ocean currents. Also describe the
Ocean Currents of the Atlantic Ocean bringing about their effect on the surrounding area?
(2009)
Q2. Show with an aid of a sketch map currents of the Indian ocean.bring out the influence of
monsoon on currents of the North Indian ocean. (2010)
Q3. What are the Ocean’s movement s? Discuss the currents of Pacific Ocean. (2011).
Q4. Ocean currents influence the climate,resources and economies of many
countries.Elaborate this statement and give examples (2013)
Q5. What are the factors and forces that determine the movement, direction and the nature
of ocean currents? Describe in detail the currents of Atlantic Ocean bringing out their effects
on surrounding lands.(2014)
Q6. Write note on Tides (10 marks ) (2013).

Unit 2(b): Oceanography + Salinity

Q1. Introduce Atlantic Ocean with its flows configuration as a unique phenomena. (2012)
Q2. PROVIDE THE BRIEF ACCOUNT OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPRATURE AND SALINITY
OF THE OCEAN WATER. (2015)

Unit 3: Atmosphere
Q1. Write comprehensive note on Planetary winds (10 marks ) (2010).
Q2. Identify the geographic patterns of evapotranspiration. Examine the factors contributing
to expanding deserts around the globe. (2010).
Q3. Write short note on Air Masses (10 marks) (2011)
Q4. Enlist the various forms of precipitation and describe the circumstances which cause
them (2014)
Q5. Write note on Global radiation and heat balance (10 marks) (2014)
Q6. WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE BELTS AND WIND SYSTEMS?
EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER WITH DIAGRAM (2015)

Human Geography
Population

2014-Describe the factors that affect the density of population in any region. In the light of
these factors, discuss briefly the density of population if SOUTH ASIA.
2013-Which factors effect the distribution of population in the world? Elaborate
2012- A population map of Asia shows that most people live on or near the river basins and
coasts. Give reasons for this distribution.
2010- Present the spatial distribution of population over the globe.
2009- "South Asia has many places where people are few and few places where people are
very many". Discuss.
2008- Critically examine the Malthusian view of population growth. How does high rate of
population adversely effect the economic and social development of any country? Discuss
with special reference to India.
2008- To what extent can the major features of the world population distribution be
understood in term of physical environment? Discuss with special reference to South Asia.
2007- What is meant by “population growth”? Compare the pattern of population growth
between the more developed countries (MDC’S) and less developed countries (LDC’S) since
1950?
2005- The River basins and Coastal Plains of South Asia are reckoned as one of the densely
populated areas of the world. Discuss.
2003- Bring out the salient features of population of South Asia under the following
heading:
(a) Population Distribution
(b) Population Growth
(c) Employment
2002- Explain process of demographic transition comparing the % areas and populations of
either Canada or the United States of America (USA).
2001- Divide the world into Population Resource regions and describe the major
characteristics of any one region.
2000- Enumerate the salient features of Population Distribution in “SOUTH EAST ASIA”.
Migration

2009- Write down the various kinds of migration and describe the effects of intra-urban
migration.
2007- “An age old phenomenon, forced migration across international borders has become
exceedingly widespread during the recent past”. Discuss?
2004- Discuss critically Types of Migration.

Culture and Diffusion

2009- What is meant by cultural diffusion? How is the culture of an area affected by
landscape?

Settlements

2009- How did settlements originate in the world? Describe the central place theory.
2004- Classify settlements on the basis of from and size.

Urbanization

2014- Discuus the major factors responsible for increasing urbanization? Highlight the main
problems from this increase facing by these urban centres at present.
2011- Define urbanization. Give a critical assessment of the process of urbanization in
Pakistan.
2007- Define “urbanization”. Give a critical assessment of the process of urbanization in
Pakistan since its inception?
2000- What are the major factors responsible for increasing urbanization? Highlight the
main problems from this increase facing by these urban centers.
2001- Explain urbanization. Give a brief history and present pattern of world urbanization.

World Economies and Activities

2008- “Economic activities can be classified into five groups and highly developed economics
can be identified on the basis of their economic activities”. Discuss critically.
2007- Delineate the hierarchy of economic activities. Give a detailed account of any ONE of
the secondary activities in the world?
2006- Summarize Western Europe’s historic contribution to the development of the present
world economy.
2002- Write a comprehensive note on world economic activities, their
geographic,'significance, extent and recent globalizing trends
2001- Differentiate between various types of Economic Activities. Describe the world
patterns of any one activity with special reference to Pakistan.

Farming

2014-Briefly mention the types of FARMING, and discuss the role of HUMAN and
ECONOMIC factors influencing the agriculture.
2012-Certain Australian Farms are specialized in dairy farming and others in beef
production. Give a reasoned account of the distribution of these industries and illustrate by
a sketch map.
2010- Discuss grain farming in South Asia. Did you notice agriculture change in the region
recently?
2003- How does subsistence farming effect differ from Extensive Herding? Make a
Comparative analysis.
2000-Explain different farming types such as subsistence farming, dry farming, terrace
farming and mixed farming.

Crops (Cereal and non-cereal)

2014-Physical requirements for the Cultivation of rice. Discuss in detail its production in
ASIA.
2012-Name the chief agricultural products of South Asia and indicate the chief producing
areas on a sketch map.
2010- Explain Geographical requirements, distribution and production of cotton in South
Asia.
2007- Describe in detail the production and trade of rice in the world with specific reference
to south Asia?
2000- Write short Geographical notes on the production, trade and distribution of any TWO
of the following products; (a) Cotton, (b) Sugar cane, (c) Rubber, (d) Coffee.

Fishing

2004- Explain the physical and economic factors which control the distribution of Fisheries
in the world.

Forestry

2008- Give an account of major forests types of Pakistan. What are the factors involved in
deforestation of Pakistan?
2004- Give a comparison between tropical forests and Temperate forests.

Industries

2014-write a comprehensive note on IRON and STEEL industry of GERMANY and JAPAN.
2013-What is the importance of iron and steel industry? How it plays a major role in the
development of any country?
2010- Describe Industrial Revoution. how far it has helped in economic development as well
as increasing economy disparity in the world?
2008- Explain the role of cotton textile industry in the economy of Pakistan.
2006- Bring out the importance of the manufacturing belt of USA. What effects does the
Appalachia area have on the rest of the country?
2005- Give an account of the major industries of South Asia based on Non-Metallic minerals.
2004- "Development of industries and agriculture depend on each other". Discuss with
reference to Pakistan.
2000- Analyze the location of Iron and Steel industry in the U.S.A and U.K.

Resources

2010- Define Resources. Give most workable classification of resources citing explicit
examples
2009- "Economic geography is the study of location, distribution and use of scarce
resources". Discuss.
2002- Discuss ancient, river based regional structure of South Asia with special access to its
resource realm.

Water Resources

2013- Fresh water shortage is a future threat for Pakistan. Discuss

2011- To what extent are water resources likely to act as a limit to economic development
in Pakistan? Elaborate your answer with a futuristic outlook.
2011- “The twentieth century witnessed the war for oil. The twenty-first century will witness
the war for water”. Discuss the statement with special reference to Indo-Pak scenario.
2008- “The twentieth century witnessed the war for oil. The twenty-first century will witness
the war for water”. Discuss Critically.
2006- To what extent are water resources likely to act as a limit to economic development
in Pakistan? Elaborate your answer with optimistic outlook.
2001- Enumerate the Salient features of the "Indus Water Treaty".

Power Resources

2009-Assess the power resources of SOUTH ASIA

2009- Give an account of power resources of south asia with special reference to pakistan.
2001- Analyze the Power Resource of "SOUTH ASIA".

Oil Crises and Politics

2006- Compare the advantages and disadvantages of dependence on oil production by

countries of SW Asia and North Africa.
2005- Give an account of the Petroleum production in Middle East.’ Also throw light on its
economic and political importance.

Agriculture and its problems

2012- Account for the recent floods in the Indus basin and its impact on agricultural lands
and their productivity.
2011- “Agriculture is the linchpin of the economy of South Asia”. Discuss critically with
special reference to Pakistan.
2005- ‘Agriculture sector is the linchpin of the economy of South Asia.’ Discuss in detail with
special reference to Pakistan.
2003- Why is irrigation necessary in Pakistan? Describe the irrigational methods practiced in
the Western Highlands of Pakistan?
2000- Discuss the problems of “Water Logging” and “Salinity” especially in Pakistan. Explain
the important remedial measures to be taken to control this problem.

Transportation and Communication

2008- “Our Planet has shrunk as a result of modern “revolution” in transport and
communication”. Discuss with reference to South Asia and with special focus on Pakistan.
2005- Explain the importance of the means of transportation in the development of a
region. Also throw light on Pakistan’s transportation Network.

Relationship between MDC’S and LDC’S

2001- Enumerate the Politico-economic relationship between the developed countries and
the
less developed countries.
2007- Write an analytical essay on the politico-economic relationship between MDC’S and
LDC’S?

Environmental hazards

2000- Discuss the Environmental hazards facing at present to this World. What adverse
affects are being visualized from this problem?
2002- "Geographers have to rethink their approach to regional studies in the light of
increasing environmental stress from local to international levels." Assess this statement.