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(a) Prove that the most efficient cross section for triangular channel is half of a square.
(b) A concrete-lined irrigation channel with Manning's n = 0.020 is needed to convey 12.5 m3/s of flow. The channel has a trapezoidal section with
bottom slope So = 0.0015. Determine the most effective size of the channel if the side slope is restricted to 3(horizontal) : 1(vertical).
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a) Most efficient cross section for triangular channel is half of a square.

b) Given Data
Side slope = 3 :1
Discharge Q = 12.5 m3/s
Longitudinal slope = 0.0015
Manning's n = 0.020

Solution

Most effective size of channel

Depth of flow d = 1.539m​

Bed width  b = 0.499m​

Step-by-step explanation

a) For Triangular cross section

Discharge = 158​Cd 2g

tan2θ​H5/2
Discharge should be maximum for economical section.
If triangle is right angle triangle, the angle between the two sides is 900. (Cutting the square along the diagonal gives two right angle
triangle)
tan2θ​= tan 450 = 1

Discharge = 158​Cd 2g

H5/2 which is maximum.

Therefore the efficient cross section for triangular channel is half of a square.

b) Given Data
Side slope = 3 :1
Discharge Q = 12.5 m3/s
Longitudinal slope = 0.0015
Manning's n = 0.020

Most effective size of channel is asked.

Depth of flow d = ?
Bed width b = ?

DEPTH OF FLOW
For an economical section, length of sloping side must be equal to half the top width of flow.
 ie (3d)2 + d2)
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= 23d+b+3d​

3.1622 d = 26d+b​
b = 0.3244 d

Area of flow = 2topwidth+bottomwidth​x depth

= 23d+0.3244d+3d+0.3244d​ x d

= 3.3244 d2
Velocity of flow v = C  mi

Chezy's constant C = N 1​m1/6

Hydraulic mean depth for an economical section m = 0.5 d

C = 0.0201​(0.5d)1/6 = 44.5494d1/6
v = 44.5494d1/6  0.5dx0.0015

= 1.22003 d2/3
Discharge Q = AV
12.5 = 3.3244 d2 x 1.22003 d2/3
d = 1.539 m
bed width b = 0.3244 x 1.539 = 0.499 m

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