‘We may also ter disorders. , with a tendency to be crudely “ask nase ea mental caricature of “maleness.” T have of ‘cases of men with serious dis: urbance of genitality whose attitude toward life was one ff oanding and retentiveness, with a tendency to wnpro- ductive accumulation, a kind of un- athe: not onis-recagnived gsi atchailore. hk ond ‘that she wes onty fast beginning to find out, thanks (0 hin. For Agafia Mikailovun, for the nurs, for his grandfather, and ‘ven for hit father, Mitia sear onty a weak litte creature who demanded material attention, but fatuhenche,wiahalneadey & Auman. beng, with a whole Aastory of moral relatzons. “When he wakes up, you will see for yousel(” Agafa Mitailosna ssid, “When T do this, he beams, the darling. His litle face loots: as bright at the sky on a clear day.” “AM right, we shall see,” Kitty said in a whisper. “You can go now, he ja fallng asleep.” And now Levin, the father: Kitey, with her sleeves rolled up, was ending over the bath in which Mitia was Kicking and splashing. When she heard Beer husbund’s Fooisteps she turned her face towardsMm] THe rueHT rRom woman him and beckoned him with a smile, She was mpporting the buay’s head with one hand and sponging him with she other. “Jur look at him!” she said when her husband came up. “Agata Mitailovna is right: he is beginning to recognize people,” An experiment had to be made. Levin bent over the bath, and the child seemed to know him. The cook wat then called: she. woo, bent over him and the child frowned and screwed up its face. Next Kitty bent over him and his face lighted up swith a smile, He prem his litle hands fgainst the sponge and male suelt a strange, stise sound that not only Kiety and the mse, hut even Levioe was trans ported with jo. ‘The chill was ten from the bath, wrapped in sheet, rubbed down as i yelled losiy, and corned over to his mother, °T am glad you are beginning to lve hea a last” Ritty sid ther husband, as she sic dove in his eae tomary place with Mitia at her bresat. *Vou always ssid you had no feling for him, aed it-used to worry me.” “Did. say that, really? T only meane thae F was disappointed in him” What disappointed in bint "Not exactly in him, but in sy feeling for him: 1 hal expected mote. I had expeaed some new, pleat feeling, but instead there wat only a sensation of pity, dlagust 2 Kity Hatened to him a she UE of her lags that she had ten off before bathing the baby. "There was more fear and pity than satisfaction, 1 never knew until todsy, Goring the storm, how L loved hima” ite’ face gree exis. Levin and Kitty represent perfect examples of the fa ther’s and the mother's relationship to the child. A this iMluserates how the Cathendeyelopnamsinnsnslationship, 0 the baby”properly wshensthe: baby-just begins to come out ofeteteinanal ieoeldaaichebephaneonailhallis ccther, ‘oom that pmaticipalcnsmpalgue which we encounter in Wouaxwoos — [95 fe quotes. Maw dase tat mauenal face Baby hs been Bs. Ree Uke car oF a aeiaroiogT ‘who, from bricks and shards, builds up a vanished civilizar tion. I remember how some of my teachers in prychiatry used to scoff at Freud's notion that depressions oceur ‘early infancy. Moreover, the idea that schizophrenia or certain forms of melancholia might go back to carly ma: ternal deprivation or rejection or merely to conflicts tutthin the mother, seemed preposterous. The point of obviously, that to appreciate loss or conflict. your intellect has first to be developed, To get depressed by loss you have to be pretty smart; this was the plied argument, Th es Freud was vindicated by direct observations of in- fants, René Spitz has proved by dizect observation of babies, long after Freud's first hypothetes, that separation From the mother (or the maternal love object) dur fancy produces 7 ‘Before the age of ‘The age infants, be- a5 pia, An engl sure enltins in ety childhood” The Frgchomal. Sey ot the Chl, Fin. v015AnaceneDepeaton. The yeh Aye te Ct 7, tian pte Compare ai the mine maori: "CA Pe int36] Tur ruronrrnow woman reaved of their mothers during that phase, go through the riost extraordinary resetion of mourning. Even under the best conditions of child-care, nutrition and hygiene, they regress in their mental development, lose weight and ate susceptible to infections. Their facial expression and atti- tudes bear a startling resemblance to these encountered ng psychotic depressions and ather serious psychoses in adults, Indeed, Helene Deutsctx has shown that inexplis Cable depressions in grown-ups are repetitions af such early expericnecs of grief" The unwanted child, long before there could be any conceptual knowledge ‘af such wn vwantedness, grows up with a wound quite similar to the ne sustained by absence or loss of the mother. Teall comes down to something which was already implied in the ob servations of comparative zoology quoted above: if we look ‘ver the animal kingdom and distinguish between imper- sonal factors decisive for the baby’s future, facts of nature asa whole (weather, vegetation, herd) and individual fac tors, S ‘hot man’s fate is shaped brom the, beginning Incidentally, the Fact that the experiences most de- cisive for our entire life stem from a preverbal, preconcep- tual and prelogical realm, accounts much more for the original resistance of academic prychiatry to Frevd than docs his emphasis on sex. Three centuries of rationalistic thinking so conditioned scientists that they shied away from the acceptance of “eauses" which were not causes in a mechanistic sense, In the Hight of our thesis, i is no ooin- iy Fieiene. “Atwence of Gre.” Payehanas, Quarters, 6, womannoon [37 ccidence that so much of that from whieh discursive reason. ing recoiled was of the world of the maternal ‘The most-obyious scientific. argument against all.sex- ‘woman scale mountaint—without being perverted. This, however. does not speak against the existence of sexual characteristics. We know that every person harbours his fontreserusl anlage, 2nd Couble dupa uabascuamions a] 1. The “aumalaaaiuaeciaiaietyiaseaiing +2 for oo irmpone ove mus limit oacoes to fem pints, Fit, Anatomical and physiolasical observation arvived at eon- ‘lusions at which psychoanalysis had arrived quite inde- pendently, Sccondly, this is one of the few points in which those disciples of Freud who parted from him at an early phase, namely Jung and Adter, remained in some agree ment, although their elaborations led them in widely different directions, Tis tail Jungs theory of “Animus and “Anima.” Nowheve is nal relatednes as well as the difference between hete in de Freud more apparent than here, A lot of what is na concept is contained Bue since Freud's jeveat is pri atily clinical and Jung's generally symbolic the points of nape tit theory are one in: Hr Jang. Auimue "Veo Eaays The Ansty! Porgy Cab of New Hoek,8] tae surewr prow wouas concordance are not obvious. To the clinician, skipping the biological is always suspect, Adier’s concept of the “masculine protest” overlaps toa considerable degree with Freud's observations on phallic women, However, the most striking feature is the fact that Hastatthhinaietlegaddamale 'egmaaledsher” (Cen. 1,27). Aswe have said, ehisnaginterpreted, long before the audvent of mover science, to mean thatQifamsnvit fullness fuexyel We do not need vo quote verbatian the famous py passage iit Phawasensymposivin in whic makes the sume affirmation, and explaine the mutual at traction of the sexes ont of the need to restitute a whole: rman and woman, im the sex act, are twa halves which Fuse in order to reatitute the original fullness of Man. A Platone ist might say thar our bisexuality i6 a shadow of all this, sketched into the human image. Ariatomilallythe. mor been summed up by Helene Deutsch: “Woman and “Man’ have, at one time, arisen out of « ggmmon origin which is still Tiving on in the bisexual anfage in all human, wowaxnoon [39 mathe. 7 Is (ge gengeschlechilche Reste i the fegchie budget ofthe individual the taa component, male and female, must be linked in harmony" What “linked fn harmony” actually means cannot be exsily explained without going into a grent amount of clinical ebserva- tion." At any rate, the \naarelicnietlalteldadeslanbietetesiay” (ester Lebensschicksal, Helene Deutsch). The significance of this observation can hardly be exigaerated, 1 isnot only con firmed in everyday clinical experience but aso ie elds of porchiatry to which, a ist sight, it doesnot seem to apply. Now we ask ourselves: does it have implications beyond psychology? To the philosopher, nothing is purcly paycho- logical or purely biological, ‘The very fact chat through ee re ee ee 5 lowphy, the theme of “existence” versus Ba coe pair locate Soe oot ga the fence of wider impliention) Ryarycenupitical ‘This particularly tre about cour abject. The body of science, like thote corpses in at cient legends, ia alweapt in search ofa suppléntent déme Deck, Helene, im Prowse. Loe (The Hale ne mina) Coleridge made the watement,amstog for in die “Tse trwth [at peat tid mat be sidiogyosuc™ This hele for evry only peat tind Dut i 4 9ay mic we cannot ye dee wit cna Pine Compare Bellen, ET, Childhood end Seley. Norton, New York, tn ie8] tae surewr prow wouas concordance are not obvious. To the clinician, skipping the biological is always suspect, Adier’s concept of the “masculine protest” overlaps toa considerable degree with Freud's observations on phallic women, However, the most striking feature is the fact that Hastatthhinaietlegaddamale 'egmaaledsher” (Cen. 1,27). Aswe have said, ehisnaginterpreted, long before the audvent of mover science, to mean thatQifamsnvit fullness fuexyel We do not need vo quote verbatian the famous py passage iit Phawasensymposivin in whic makes the sume affirmation, and explaine the mutual at traction of the sexes ont of the need to restitute a whole: rman and woman, im the sex act, are twa halves which Fuse in order to reatitute the original fullness of Man. A Platone ist might say thar our bisexuality i6 a shadow of all this, sketched into the human image. Ariatomilallythe. mor been summed up by Helene Deutsch: “Woman and “Man’ have, at one time, arisen out of « ggmmon origin which is still Tiving on in the bisexual anfage in all human, wowaxnoon [39 mathe. 7 Is (ge gengeschlechilche Reste i the fegchie budget ofthe individual the taa component, male and female, must be linked in harmony" What “linked fn harmony” actually means cannot be exsily explained without going into a grent amount of clinical ebserva- tion." At any rate, the \naarelicnietlalteldadeslanbietetesiay” (ester Lebensschicksal, Helene Deutsch). The significance of this observation can hardly be exigaerated, 1 isnot only con firmed in everyday clinical experience but aso ie elds of porchiatry to which, a ist sight, it doesnot seem to apply. Now we ask ourselves: does it have implications beyond psychology? To the philosopher, nothing is purcly paycho- logical or purely biological, ‘The very fact chat through ee re ee ee 5 lowphy, the theme of “existence” versus Ba coe pair locate Soe oot ga the fence of wider impliention) Ryarycenupitical ‘This particularly tre about cour abject. The body of science, like thote corpses in at cient legends, ia alweapt in search ofa suppléntent déme Deck, Helene, im Prowse. Loe (The Hale ne mina) Coleridge made the watement,amstog for in die “Tse trwth [at peat tid mat be sidiogyosuc™ This hele for evry only peat tind Dut i 4 9ay mic we cannot ye dee wit cna Pine Compare Bellen, ET, Childhood end Seley. Norton, New York, tn ie