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PROMOTION: Journal of Public Health ISSN Article 1

2089-0346 (Print) || ISSN 2503-1139 (Online) Volume 10, Number 01, 2020

ConnectionPersonal Hygieneand Occupations with Dermatitis Incidence

in the Juntinyuat Health Center Working Area

The Relationship Between Personal Hygiene and Occupation with

Dermatitical Events in The Working Area of Juntinyuat Health Center

Hairil Akbar
Public Health Study Program STIKES Graha Medika, Kotamobagu
E-mail:hairilakbar@tikesgrahamedika.ac.id

Abstract
Various kinds of skin diseases are still a health problem for people in the world, including in
Indonesia. The prevalence of all forms of dermatitis was 4.66%, including atopic dermatitis
0.69%, nummular eczema 0.17%, and seborrheic dermatitis 2.32% affecting 2% to 5% of the
population. The research objective is to analyze the relationshippersonal hygieneand work
with the incidence of dermatitis in the working area of the Juntinyuat Health Center. The
research method usescase control studywith a sample of 98 patients with sampling
technique simple random samplingusing a questionnaire. Statistical test using testchi-
square. Variable research resultspersonal hygiene(p value=0.015) and work (p value=0.026).
Conclusion personal hygieneand work related to the incidence of dermatitis.

Keywords:Dermatitis;personal hygiene; profession

Abstract
Various types of skin diseases are still a health problem in the world, including Indonesia. The
prevalence of all forms of dermatitis is 4.66%, including atopic dermatitis 0.69%, numular eczema
0.17%, and seborrheic dermatitis which is present in 2% to 5% of the population. The purpose of this
study was analyze the relationship between personal hygiene and profession with the incidence of
dermatitis in the working area of Juntinyuat Health Center. This study applied a case control study
with a sample size of 98 patients. Samples were taken using a simple random sampling technique
using a questionnaire. Statistical tests used in the study was chi-square test. The results of the study
indicated that personal hygiene (p value = 0.015) and profession (p value = 0.026). Conclusion personal
hygiene and profession related to the incidence of dermatitis.

Keywords:Dermatitis; personal hygiene; profession

PRELIMINARY and complaints of itching. There are

Dermatitis is a non-inflammatory various types of dermatitis, including
inflammation of the skin that is acute, subacute, or contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis.
chronic and is influenced by many factors. Dermatitis is a global public health
Inflammation of the skin (epidermis and dermis) in problem with a prevalence in children of
response to the influence of exogenous and 10-20% and in adults around 1-3%.
endogenous factors, causing clinical abnormalities Approximately 50% of cases of dermatitis
in the form of polymorphic fluorescence. appear in the first year of life (1).
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PROMOTION: Journal of Public Health ISSN
2089-0346 (Print) || ISSN 2503-1139 (Online)
Contact dermatitis is often
associated withpersonal hygienewhich
is one of the basic human abilities in
meeting their needs in order to maintain
their life, health and welfare in
accordance with their health conditions,
a person is declared disturbedpersonal
hygieneif unable to perform self-care
(1). Research (2) states that the length
of exposure can affect the incidence of
100% occupational contact dermatitis in
metalworking workers. Irritant contact
dermatitis is often the result of repeated
or cumulative exposure to the skin by
chemical or physical substances. Then
in research (3) that there is a significant
relationship between length of work and
complaints of skin disorders (69.3%).
by global dermatitis
affects about 230 million people in 2010
or 3.5% of the world's population. The
prevalence of dermatitis is dominated
by women, especially in the
reproductive period, namely the age of
15-49 years. In the UK and the United
States, children are dominated by about
20% and 10.7% of the population, while
adults in the United States are around
17.8 million (10%) people (4).
According to data from the
International Labor Organization (ILO) in
2013, 1 worker in the world dies every
second due to a work accident and 160
workers experience occupational
diseases. Surveillance research in
America states that 80% of occupational
skin diseases are dermatitis (5). Based
on 2013 data, 1 worker in the world dies
every 15 seconds due to a work
accident and 160 workers experience an
occupational disease. Surveillance
research in America states that 80% of
occupational skin diseases are contact
dermatitis. Besides contact dermatitis,
irritant contact dermatitis ranks first
with 80% and allergic contact dermatitis
ranks second with 14%-20%. Patients
with contact dermatitis in Sweden make
up a percentage of 50% of all types of
occupational diseases,
Hairil Akbar
Article 1
Volume 10, Number 01, 2020
Meanwhile in Singapore, this figure is
around 20% (6).
Data from the Provincial Health Office
West Java in 2011 the incidence of
dermatitis was ranked 12th of the 12 largest
diseases, namely 34,999 cases (3.25%) of
1,076,971 cases (7). In the working area of
the Juntinyuat Health Center, cases of
dermatitis from January to April 2019 were
96 patients (61.9%). Factors that also play a
role in the transmission of skin diseases
(irritant contact dermatitis) are low
socioeconomic, poor personal hygiene,
unsanitary environment and behavior that
does not support health. Research
conducted (8) states that there is a
relationship between personal hygienewith
the incidence of dermatitis in waste
scavengers at the Puuwatu TPA Kendari City
in 2016. Research (9) shows that there is a
significant relationship between the type of
work and contact dermatitis with the value p
value<0.05. The most dominant factors are
poverty and poor personal hygiene behavior.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the
relationshippersonal hygiene and
occupations with the incidence of dermatitis
in the Juntinyuat Health Center Work Area.
METHOD
Type of research conducted is an
analytic observational epidemiological
study using a case control study. This
research was carried out in the working
area of the Juntinyuat Health Center,
Indramayu Regency in July 2018. The
population was patients who visited the
Juntinyuat Health Center who were
diagnosed with dermatitis as cases and
patients suffering from other diseases
besides dermatitis as controls during
2019. The sample size was based on the
Lemeshow formula. (1997). The
comparison between the case group and
the control group is 1:1. The results
obtained were 49 samples as cases and 49
as controls, so the total number of
samples was 98 patients. The sampling
technique used is Simple random
sampling. Collecting data using a
questionnaire by doing
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 PROMOTION: Journal of Public Health ISSN Article 1
2089-0346 (Print) || ISSN 2503-1139 (Online) Volume 10, Number 01, 2020

direct interviews with respondents. Based on table 1 obtained

Data analysis using statistical frequency distribution of respondents
testsChisquare. Presentation of data based on personal hygienemost of the
using tables and narration. respondents whopersonal hygienebad as
many as 52 respondents (53.1%). While
RESULTS the lowest in respondents whopersonal
Table 1 Univariate Analysis Results hygienegood as many as 46 respondents
Research variable n= Percentage (46.9%). While the frequency distribution
98 (%) of respondents based on the type of work
Personal hygiene is the same between respondents who are
Well 46 46.9 not at risk as many as 49 respondents
Not good 52 53.1 (50%) and respondents who are at risk of
Type of work work are 49 respondents (50%).
No risk 49 50
at risk 49 50

Table 2. Bivariate Analysis Results

Dermatitis
Total
Independent Variable Case Control
P value
n % n % N %
Personal Hygiene
Not good 32 65.3 20 40.8 52 53.1
0.015
Well 17 34.7 29 59.2 46 46.9
Amount 49 100 49 100 98 100
Profession
at risk 30 61.2 19 38.8 49 50
No Risk 19 38.8 30 61.2 49 50 0.026
Amount 49 100 49 100 98 100
19 respondents (38.8%) in risky
Based on table 2 shows respondents occupations and did not suffer from
whopersonal hygienegood and do not suffer dermatitis and 30 respondents (61.2%).
from dermatitis as many as 29 respondents Based on the test resultsChi-squarewith-
(59.2%) and respondents who personal value=0.026 (-value<0.05), so it can be
hygienegood and suffer from dermatitis as concluded that there is a work
many as 17 respondents (34.7%). While the relationship with the incidence of
respondents whopersonal hygiene bad and dermatitis in the working area of the
do not suffer from dermatitis as many as 20 Juntinyuat Health Center.
respondents (40.8%) and respondents who
personal hygienebad and suffered from
dermatitis as many as 32 respondents DISCUSSION
(65.3%). Based on the test resultsChisquare Personal hygieneis wrong
with-value=0.015 (-value< 0.05), so it can be one factor that can prevent the
concluded that there is a relationship occurrence of dermatitis. The habit of
personal hygienewith the incidence of washing hands is one of the things that
dermatitis in the working area of the is related to the assessmentpersonal
Juntinyuat Health Center. hygiene. Improper hand washing habits
Respondents whose occupations can be one of the causes of dermatitis.
are not at risk and do not suffer from The habit of washing hands is not clean
dermatitis are 30 respondents (61.2%) and will cause the remaining chemical
respondents whose types of work are not residues attached to the surface of the
at risk and suffer from dermatitis are 19 skin. Election
respondents (38.8%). While respondents
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PROMOTION: Journal of Public Health ISSN
2089-0346 (Print) || ISSN 2503-1139 (Online)
The type of hand soap can also affect the
cleanliness and health of the skin. Efforts
to dry hands after washing can also play
a role in preventing skin conditions from
getting worse due to damp hands.
The research that has been done is
obtained from statistical tests that there is a
significant relationship between personal
hygienewith the incidence of dermatitis in
the working area of the Juntinyuat Health
Center. This research is in line with (1) which
states thatpersonal hygienein the form of
towel cleanliness, body hygiene (bathing),
hand and nail hygiene related to the
incidence of dermatitis in the work area of
the Rappokalling Health Center in 2016.
Personal hygienedirectly related to the
incidence of dermatitis. Respondents in this
study are generally housewives and have low
education, namely only graduating from high
school and junior high school, and have a low
level of knowledge and awareness to
maintainpersonal hygiene.Research (8) states
that there is a significant relationship
betweenpersonal hygiene with the incidence
of dermatitis with a value ofp=0.001. This
study found that many respondents who
suffer from dermatitis are scavengers who
have personal hygienewhich is not good. This
happens because of the lack of awareness of
workers about the importance of maintaining
personal hygiene as well as respondents who
work in industrial factories also still do not
maintain personal hygiene.
Always maintain skin cleanliness
well will avoid the disease dermatitis. The
habit of washing hands and feet, bathing
and changing clothes regularly can also
avoid dermatitis. The habit of washing
hands is not only clean, but you must
wash your hands with soap and clean
between your fingers and toes with
running water. The habit of bathing and
changing clothes after work can also
prevent dermatitis from occurring.
Action personal hygieneWashing hands
with soap before carrying out the work
process can remove germs that stick so
they don't get carried into the room
Article 1
Volume 10, Number 01, 2020
production and washing hands after
carrying out the work process can
remove and neutralize the pH of
chemical substances attached to the skin
when finished doing work in contact with
chemicals. This habit will be able to
prevent the occurrence of dermatitis.
History profession is
One of the factors that can be
considered as a cause of dermatitis. The
type of work that is at risk for developing
dermatitis is if the respondent works as
an industrial factory worker, Pertamina,
fish auctioneer, farmer, fisherman,
workshop worker, laboratory/medical
worker and scavenger.
The research that has been
carried out is obtained from statistical tests
that there is a relationship between type of
work and the incidence of dermatitis in the
working area of the Juntinyuat Health
Center. This study is in accordance with (9)
which states that the type of work (p=
0.012) related to the incidence of
dermatitis in the area of Joho Village,
Wates District, Kediri Regency. Research
(10) with test resultschi-square get value (p
= 0.009) also shows that the type of work
has a significant relationship with the
occurrence of dermatitis.
according to (11), workers who
Contact with chemicals causes damage
to the outer layer of skin cells, the longer
you are in contact with chemicals, the
more damage the skin cells in the deeper
layers and makes it easier for dermatitis
to occur. Continuous contact with
chemicals that are irritants or allergens
will cause workers' skin to experience
susceptibility ranging from mild to
severe stages. Length of work greatly
affects the incidence of dermatitis where
the longer you are in contact with
chemicals, inflammation or skin irritation
can occur, causing skin disorders (5).
CONCLUSION
Personal hygieneand work related to the
incidence of dermatitis in the working area of
the Juntinyuat Health Center.
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 PROMOTION: Journal of Public Health ISSN Article 1
2089-0346 (Print) || ISSN 2503-1139 (Online) Volume 10, Number 01, 2020

SUGGESTION 7. West Java Provincial Health Office.

For public for more
pay attention to personal hygiene behavior,
namely the cleanliness of hair, feet, hands,
nails, skin, clothing because it can cause
skin diseases, especially chronic dermatitis
and those whose types of work are at risk
of developing skin diseases must use PPE
when working.
THANK-YOU NOTE
Thanks are given to all parties who
helped in carrying out this research.
Health Profile of West Java Province.
Bandung; 2012.
8. Sitti Rosma Dewi, Lymbran Tina WOSN.
Relationship of Personal Hygiene,
Knowledge and Use of Gloves with the
Incidence of Contact Dermatitis in
Garbage Scavengers at the Puuwatu
Landfill, Kendari City in 2016.
JIMKESMAS. 2017;2(6).
9. Chafidz M, Dwiyanti E. The Relationship of
Length of Contact, Type of Work and Use of
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) with
the Incidence of Contact Dermatitis in Tofu
Workers, Kediri. Indonesia J Occup Saf
Heal. 2018;6(2):156.

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