ASSIGNMENT # 04

OMER KHALID
FA20-BBA-005
BUSINESS ETHICS
SUBMITTED TO: SIR SAEED AKBAR
Question:
Detail overview of management functions and ethics
Ethics is a system of moral principles. They affect how we make decisions. Ethics provides us a
moral map, a framework that can often help us find our way through difficult issues. Ethics is
concerned with what is good for individuals and society and is also described as moral
philosophy.
Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that "involves systematizing, defending,
and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior". Ethics may be associated with
particular religions, cultures, professions, or virtually any other group that is at least partly
characterized by its moral outlook.
The objective of ethical management is to build cooperation, encourage team cohesion, but also
recognition between employees and their superiors. It is a management approach in the broadest
sense of the term, in which additional virtuous notions are integrated, such as morality, justice,
virtue and respect.
Management Functions
The management process by which we pursue goals includes planning, organizing, leading, and
controlling. These are “the how” a manager pursues organizational goals, and are universally
known as the four functions of management. To be successful, management needs to follow the
four functions of management in the proper order.
 Planning
 Organizing
 Leading
 Controlling
1. Planning
In the planning stage, managers establish organizational goals and create a course of action to
achieve them. During the planning phase, management makes strategic decisions to set a
direction for the organization. Managers can brainstorm different alternatives to achieve the
objective before choosing the best course of action. While planning, managers typically conduct
an in-depth analysis of the organization’s current state of affairs, taking into consideration its
vision and mission and evaluating what resources are available to meet organizational objectives.
While planning, managers usually evaluate internal and external factors that may affect the
execution of the plan, such as economic growth, customers and competitors. They also establish
a realistic timeline for achieving the goal or goals based on the organization’s available finances,
personnel and resources. Managers may have to take additional steps, such as seeking approval
from other departments, executives or their board of directors before proceeding with the plan
2. Organizing
The purpose of organizing is to distribute the resources and delegate tasks to personnel to
achieve the goals established in the planning stage. Managers may need to work with other
departments of the organization, such as finance and human resources, to organize the budget
and staffing. During the organizing stage, managers strive to create a work environment
conducive to productivity. Managers typically take employees’ motivation and aptitude into
account to match employees with roles and tasks that best fit their abilities.
When assigning team member roles, managers should explain and ensure that employees
understand their individual duties. To help employees feel engaged and productive, managers
should ensure that employees are assigned an appropriate amount of work and an appropriate
amount of time to complete their work.
3. Leading
Leading consists of motivating employees and influencing their behavior to achieve
organizational objectives. Leading focuses on managing people, such as individual employees,
teams and groups rather than tasks. Though managers may direct team members by giving orders
and directing to their team, managers who are successful leaders usually connect with their
employees by using interpersonal skills to encourage, inspire and motivate team members to
perform to the best of their abilities.
Managers can foster a positive working environment by identifying moments when employees
need encouragement or direction and using positive reinforcement to give praise when
employees have done their jobs well.
4. Controlling
Controlling is the process of evaluating the execution of the plan and making adjustments to
ensure that the organizational goal is achieved. During the controlling stage, managers perform
tasks such as training employees as necessary and managing deadlines. Managers monitor
employees and evaluate the quality of their work. They can conduct performance appraisals and
give employees feedback, providing positive remarks on what they are doing well and
suggestions for improvement. They may also offer pay raise incentives to high-performing
employees.