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The war in Ukraine is causing worldwide disruptions to trade and investment, affecting auto makers in Europe,
hoteliers in Georgia and the Maldives, as well as impacting consumers of food and fuel globally . Although the world’s
poor—who spend a large part of their incomes on life’s necessities—are the most vulnerable, no country, region, or
industry is left untouched by these disruptions.
A new World Bank report -- The Impact of the War in Ukraine on Global Trade and Investment -- shows that world
trade will drop by one percent, lowering global GDP by just under one percent. Manufacturing exporters such as
Vietnam, Thailand, and Mexico see a sharp decline, especially in energy intensive sectors. Net exporters of crops,
including Turkey, Brazil, and India, and of fossil fuels, such as Nigeria and countries in the Middle East, see a surge
in their exports, attenuating the negative effects of the war. The economic shock waves are moving through five
channels: commodity markets, logistics networks, supply chains, foreign direct investment (FDI), and sectors such as
tourism.
The war comes at a difficult moment for the world economy. The recovery from the pandemic-induced recession has
been slowing as new coronavirus variants emerged sand governments reined in spending. Rising inflation has
prompted the Federal Reserve and other major central banks to raise interest rates. Disruptions in world trade and
investment will curb growth in developing countries and add to price pressures.
Trade-policy interventions risk making a bad situation worse (Figure 2). Export restrictions further reduce global
supply, while import liberalization measures and subsidies increase demand. Since the beginning of the war in late
February, 67 new trade policies have been imposed or announced. Export restrictions alone have added seven
percentage points to the price of wheat and risk igniting a tit-for-tat escalation.
Figure 2: International wheat prices and trade policy measures
Source: Ruta et al. (2022).
Authors
Michele Ruta
Lead Economist, Trade & Competitiveness Global Practice of the World Bank Group
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Emiliano Duch
JULY 14, 2022
Thanks Michele for this model. I think it would be interesting to separate the price increases due to a drop in real supply and the
ones due to the market power of the actors. The wheat supply has not disappeared, there are 20m tons sitting in Ukraine, but the
four ABCD traders (mostly American) do not have any incentive to...
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Dragos Negrescu
JULY 14, 2022
"Some fear that the war will lead to a corrosion of globalization – the engine of growth and development for the past 30 years. OUR
ANALYSIS SHOWS that firms will re-assess geopolitical risks and may move production away from countries they see as riskier,
possibly reshaping global value chains to some extent." With all due respect, there is no tool with...
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Jacqueline Phiri
JULY 14, 2022
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