Calculus II Discussion Set (Week 2) Fall 2021

1
1. Find the area inside one “leaf ” of the three-leaved rose r = cos 3θ. 4. It is known that the curve y = x
is a hyperbola. Locate its foci.

5. Under which condition are two vectors

v 1 + v2 and v 1 − v2
orthogonal to each other?

6. Determine whether the given statement is true or false:

2. Consider the triangle shown below. (a) If v is orthogonal to both u and w, then v must also be orthogonal
to u + w.

(b) A vector cannot be orthogonal to itself.

7. Prove the identity:

Find the area of this triangle in two different ways: projv (x + y) = projv x + projv y

(a) By using geometry.

(b) By using the area formula for a polar curve r = f (θ).

8. Show that the two vectors

projv w and w − projv w
3. The curve shown below is called the folium of Descartes. are always orthogonal to each other.

9. A wind applies the force F = 2i + j − 3k to an aircraft flying with the

velocity v = 3i − j.

It can be described by the parametric equations

3t 3t2
x(t) = and y(t) = (where t 6= −1).
1 + t3 1 + t3
(a) Show that the loop of the folium is obtained as t varies over the Express F as a sum of two nonzero vectors a and b in such a way that
interval [ 0, ∞).
(a) a is parallel to v, and
(b) Compute dy
at the point on the folium corresponding to t = 1. (b) a and b are orthogonal to each other.
dx
(Hint. Use the result in Problem 8.)
(c) Locate the two points of intersection between the folium and the
line y = x.

(d) Show that if a point (x, y) lies on the folium, so does the point
(y, x); that is, the folium is symmetric about the line y = x.
10. Simplify the following expression as much as you can.
(Hint. Compare the points (x(t), y(t)) on the folium corresponding
to the parameters t and 1/t.)
 u·v   u·v 
u− v · u− v
v·v v·v
(e) Show that every point on the folium has polar coordinates (r, θ)
satisfying
9 tan2 θ sec2 θ
r2 = .
(1 + tan3 θ)2
y
(Hint. What is x
when (x, y) is a point on the folium?) 11. Using the result in Problem 10, prove the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality:

(f) Find the area inside the loop of the folium. |u · v| ≤ |u||v| for any vectors u and v.
(Hint. Use the result in (e).)