INTRODUCTION

Foreword

The Indian Empire under the British Rule included Pakistan, Bangladesh,
Burma and Sri Lanka . Burma and Sri Lanka become separate from India earlier
and in 1946, on partition, Pakistan got separated from India. Tibet on the
northern border went under Chinese control. Bangladesh has also been
separated from Pakistan. We have on the west, the south and East countries
which once upon a time were parts on the Indian Empire and later become
independent and on the North, China has become our neighbour.

We were friendly with China after our Independence, but our relationship
become strained and in 1962 China even intruded into our eastern region.
Pakistan raised war against us twice – 1965 and 1971 and on the second
occasion its eastern province become independent as Bangladesh. Ever since
partition, dispute has been raising over Kashmir and the valley has been disorder
of the worst type of decades.

India’s avowed foreign policy has been one of friendship and co-existence
with her neigbours. Panchsheel adopted by Prime Minister Jawahar Lal Nehru
continues to the foundation of our foreign policy; yet our border has been disquiet
for several reasons.

For the first time a systematic study has been undertaken by Mr Ghosh
and he has brought out an interesting book on the topic. Mr. Ghosh was a
member of the Indian Police and retired as Inspector General of Police of
Orissa . Instead od living a retired life like any other top bureaucrat, he plunged
into serving the public by providing useful reading materials. He has some fifty
books to his credit. His writing cover a wide range. The approach is scholarly the
style is elegant and the information is mistake -free.

As he grows in age Mr. Ghosh seems to be becoming more and more

active and useful.

I am sure that this book will be welcome addition to his own contributions
to society and shall also be useful to every one in the community.

Justice Rangnath Misra

Chief Justice of India

contd…2
 -2-

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Biographical Sketch

The author was appointed in the Indian Police in Bihar and Orissa in
January, 1936. He was promoted to the rank of Superintendent of Police in May
1942 and posted to Sambalpur district where had to handle widespread
disturbances arising out of the “QUIT-INDIA” movement from and after August 9.
After holding several important assignments he was elevated to the post of
Inspector General of Police, Orissa in May 1964 and held this post till his
superannuation in August 1969. He served over ten years under the British and
more than 23 years in Independent India. During his long years of service he
earned the Indian Police Medal for meritorious service, Silver cross for gallantry
and King’s Police and Fire Service Medal for gallantry- the highest police award
in the British Empire. In Independent India he earned the President’s Police and
Fire Service Medal for distinguished service.

He has written and published more than sixty books on different subjects
with foreword contributed by eminent jurists such as justices S.R. Das, P.B
Gajenderagadkar, A.K. Sarkar, M Hidayatullah – all chief Justices of India ;
Justices V. R Krishna Iyer, Judge Supreme Court, C.K. Daphtary, Attorny-
General of India, C.C Biswas, Law Minister, India and eminent administrators ,
namely Dharmavira , ICS. C .D Deshmukh , I .C .S, B. Shivarama, I. C. S to
name a few.
Some o f his books earned international recognition and reviewed in
international journals in English, German and French languages. One of his
books: CRISIS IN ADMINISTRATION dealing with widespread Hindu-Muslim
riots in Rourkela in which more than 2000 persons had been killed in 1964 and
over several thousands injured, secured the 3 rd place in 1975 Philip C. Jessup
international Law-Moot Court Competition. His book CRIME ON THE INCREASE
had been reviewed by Dr. Julian S .Huxley, Director General, UNESCO and
another book POLICE AND THE PUBLIC reviewed by Sir Harold Scott,
Commissioner ,Metropolitan Police , London (Retd.).He contributed the chapter
on; Public Order and Police in Gazetteer of India, Volume IV ,published by the
Ministry of Education and Social Welfare, Government of India ,in the year
1978 .The author is working as Director, Law Research Institute, Calcutta ever
since 1976 and has written several books published under the auspices of the
Law Research Institute. His Latest books are: INDIAN WOMEN THROUGH
THE AGES , KEEPING THE PEACE; SOCIAL ORDER IN INDIA(1948-88);
INDIAN MAFIA: BETRAYAL OF THE POLICE and INDIAN BANKING; CRIME
AND SECURITY IN INDIAN BANKS .The books: POLITICS OF VIOLENCE,
WOMEN AND CRIME (Crime by women , crime against women and crime for
women) and RAGGING ; UNQUIET CAMPUS have been released recently.

contd………3
 -3-

INDIA’S INTERNATIONAL BORDER

The various definitions of international boundary contain the intrinsic

qualities of ownership of specific territory and right to guard it in so far as the right
of exercising sovereignty over the same is concerned. Territorial integrity of a
country, therefore, depends on the physical security of its international border.
Various Articles have been incorporated in the U.N. Charter it ensure the
territorial integrity of a nation. Various prescriptions have been laid down in U.N.
Charter regarding border agreements, exercise of authority and control over
one’s own border, honoring the agreements. etc. Nevertheless, violations of
international border take place. Guarding of the international border is an issue of
great importance for any nation-state.

India’s international land border is approximately 15,200 kms and a

Coastline of 7517 kms, with its neighbouring states of China, Bhutan and Nepal
in the north, Sri Lanka in the sooth, Bangladesh and Burma in the east, and
Pakistan and Afghanistan in west. Border disputes have led to war between India
and China, and between India and Pakistan.

Indo-China Border

China and India have some 3917 kms of common frontier extending from
North West of Kashmir to the tripartite junction of India, Burma and China near
Talu Pass in the east. The conflicting claims of approximately 50,000 sq miles of
territory at three places of this long international border, which indicates the
unresolved dispute over the Mc Mohan line has already resulted in a war
between India and China. Mc Mohan line boundary was formulized at the
tripartite Conference held in Shimla in 1913-14 in which India, China and Tibet
took part. The Mc Mohan line Map confirms an accepted natural boundary of two
countries .

Indo- Pakistan Border :-

India has 3310 kms long border with its most hostile neighbour, Pakistan.
The break-up of the entire India-Pak Line of actual control / LAC international
border in the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir , Punjab, Gujrat and
Rajasthan is:-
(a). 1216 kms in Jammu and Kashmir out of which only 200 kms is
demarcated . Almost immediately after this boundary was marked on map,
Pakistan invaded India. The Pakistan occupied Kashmir (POK) has encroached
into a large chunk of our Kashmir and the line at which the two warring countries
of Pakistan and India have at present agreed to halt in termed as Line of Actual
Control (LAC) which is treated as the de facto border where our troops are face
to face with the Pakistan Army. This LAC extends for 790 kms and another 98
kms stretches in the border in Sia-Chin glacier.

contd……..4
 -4-
(b). 547 kms in Punjab .
© 1035 kms in Rajasthan.
(d). 512 kms in Gujrat
Jammu and Kashmir with a common border of 1216 kms with Pakistan is
situated in the extreme north of India is bounded in the north by China
(Sinkiang), the Soviet Union (Turkestan) and Afghanistan on the west and
slightly to south by Pakistan , on the south by India and on the east by Tibet. In
geographical terms, the territory of the State of Jammu and Kashmir comprised
the four board natural region , namely the northern areas of Gilgit , Chitral and
Baltistan with a predominantly Muslim population ; the valley od Kashmir in the
centre with a mixed population of Hindus and Muslims ; the southern area
consisting of Jammu with a predominantly Hindu population( Dogras) and the
province od Ladakh stretching between the valley of Kashmir and Tibet with a
Buddhist population.
Assam- Bangaldesh- 262 kms,out of which 03 kms still remains
undemarcated.
Meghalaya –Bangladesh- 443 kms fully demarcated
Mizoram-Bangladesh – 318 kms out of which 8 kms still remains
undemarcated .
EXODUS AND INFILTRATION

Indo- Bangladesh Border :-

Immediately before the partition of India in 1946 as a result of widespread
communal riots and subsequently after the partition of the country in 1947 in
exodus of minorities from East Pakistan to West Bengal, Assam, Tripura, and
Mizoram continued. Ever since then these States have been blighted by the
refugee problem.
In the year 1948,1950,1951 and 1964 the influx of refugees assumed the
dimensions of a torrent when 4,19.018; 9,25,185; and 6,67125 Hindu refugees
entered West Bengal, for food and shelter, respectively. Between 1946 and 1970
( upto July) the total number of refugees received in West Bengal was 42,03,378.
These are all official figures. As a result of the partition and mass exodus of
population from East Pakistan to India, shortly after the severe famine that
ravaged Bengal only four years earlier , the economy of West Bengal, indeed its
entire social fabric , was on the verge of collapse .
Religion-wise Illegal Entries

Years By BSF By other Agencies

Years H M O Total H M O Total
1984 2971 6388 93 9452 2555 7385 211 10151
1985 5117 8689 95 13001 2773 13664 82 16519
1986 7160 15379 26 17565 3174 15019 70 18263
1987 7077 17959 83 25119 4383 17641 63 22087
1988 5453 14102 79 19634 4137 17188 01 21246
H- Hindu, M- Muslims, O- other, T- Total
contd…….5
 -5-

Bangladeshi nationals who come to India , crossing the border, fall under
the following categories :-
1. They migrate to India due to religious persecution and insecurity of life
and property or due to natural calamities such as cyclone, floods, earthquakes
etc.
2. They migrate to India due to economy distress, in search of better future.
Hundreds of them come to India daily to work as farm labour, artisans,
laboureres domestic servant’s rickshaw pullers, etc seeking lower wages than
their India counterparts. A large number of them have settled in West Bengal,
Punjab and Delhi. They illegally entered Pakistan through India and eventually
thrown out Pakistan; notwithstanding the fact that they are Muslims.

3. Many came to India with valid documents to meet their relations some
returned to Bangladesh and many stayed back and settled in India after securing
employment.

4. Many entered India with fake passports. They are all illegal entrants. They
are caught daily from different check posts and many of them are pushed back
unless they secure entry through touts and guards at check posts by bribing
them.

5. Many of them area professional criminals who secure entry to evade the
dragnet of Bangladesh Police. Among them are smugglers and gangs engaged
in trafficking in women and girls who end up in brothels in India or in West Asia.

The commission’s report says that the February 1991 Bangladesh

elections provided an opportunity to end the short-sighted policies od successive
governments in the CHT but it regretted that instead of talking advantage. Begam
Zia’s Government merely continued with the policies of her discredited
predecessor, General Ershad. The Commission urged the Bangladesh
Government to set up a parliamentary committee to investigate the problems of
the CHT and facilitate their rehabilitation in their homeland .At present more tan a
lakh of Chakma refugees are living in camps set up by Tripura and Mizoram
governments.

The Chakma leaders in their appeal asked donor governments to put

pressure on Dhaka to put an end to human rights abuses. “ Any aid which does
not contribute explicitly to a solution of the problem in the Chittagong Hills
Tracts contributes directly to human rights violations that take place
against tribals . Ans as long as the present Army control in CHT region
continues no programmes in this area will be benefit to the people there,
and, therefore must not be funded” Chakma leaders observed in their appeal.

contd…….6
 -6-
There are reports that Andamans fast becoming haven for infiltrators. The
infiltrators include not only the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelum ( LTTE) but also
armed Myanmarese ethnic groups, Thais and possibly Indonesians, many of
whom have even settled down in both the inhabited and uninhabited islands.

The myanmarese, Thais and Indonesians have been laying their claim to
these islands since the early sixties. Sukarno and dispatched liberators to
annexe the Great Nicobar Island. The Burmese junta even sent a flotilla to lay
siege to the Narkondam Island in 1981 on the very day Indira Gandhi was
addressing a big public meeting ar neighboring Diglipur. The Burmese Navy had
issued an ultimatum to the unarmed Indian Policeman on the island to surrender.
The flotilla, however fled when Indian Navy appeared on the scene.
We are all aware that during the Operations Blue Star in the Golden
Temple complex in June 1984 a large number of light machine guns , Sten guns,
303 rifles, anti-Tank weapons assorted rifles , Pistols and revolvers , etc were
seized . These weapons had been smuggled into the Golden Temple complex
much before Operation Blue Star and Pakistan helped in the arms built-up.
Recently D.S. Mangat, Director General of Police Punjab said that there are over
1800 smuggled AK-47 Assault rifles , besides rocket launchers , Sten guns, hand
grenades , Bombs , revolvers and pistols in the hands of the militants.
A recent repots published in Sunday 26 April 1992 page 15 reveals that
the Central Bureau of Investigation ( CBI) has launched an undercover operation
along Punjab’s border with Pakisatan. Preliminary investigation revealed the
existence of a multicrore smuggling racket in drug ,arms and electronics that has
been going on for years. More important, for the first time , evidence is at hand
that shows the collusion of officers of the Customs, the BSF the Pakistan rangers
and the local Police on both sides of the border.
TC & M Frontier : ( Tripura – Cachar and Mizoram )
(1) (2) (3) (4)
1. Laamajuas border Gold in bites Rice, Paddy
2. Jabanipur border Arms & Ammn. Cattle, Sarees
3. Sutarkandi Border Ammunitions Pulses
4. Majasam border Heroin Cycle and
5. Bishnupur border Electronics Cycle Parts
6. Katalmora border Gadgets Fertilizers
7. Bhagalpur border Fish,Eggs Nylon Tyres
8. Manmu border Tined Milk Forest produce
9. Kamthana border - -
10. Ekanpur border - -
11. Srimantpur border - -
12. Bilonia border - -
13. Harshya-mukh border - -
14. Srinagar border

contd…….7
 -7-

SENSITIVE AREAS ; WESTERN BORDER

Punjab Frontier:-

S/N Area Major Goods smuggled into India

Gurudaspur Sector
1. Madhopur border Gold, Narcotics
2. Gurudaspur border Arms and Ammunition
3. Dera Bab Nanak border

Amritsar Sector
1. Ajuala border Gold, Narcotics
2. Chogawan border Arms and Ammunition
3. Khasa border
4. Bhikiwind border
5. Khem Karan border
Ferozepur Sector
1. Mamdot border Gold, Narcotics
2. Frozepur border Arms and Ammunition
3. Jalalabad border
4. Fazilka border
s

INFILTRATORS: TRAINING CENTERS

BEYOND THE BORDER

Indo-Bangladesh Border

Bangladesh across India’s international border is reported to have arms

training centres for well over a decade. Insurgents and secessionists belong to
the United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA),the National Socialist Council of
Nagaland (NLFN),the people’s Liberation Army (PLA) of Manipur and THE
NEWLY FORMED all Tripura Tribal Force (ATTF) are all alumni of these training
centres. These centres shot up rapidly during President General Ershad’s regime
with assistance from some foreign countries not friendly to India and working to
destabilize India.

The insurgents, reportedly, adopted a foolproof way of hoodwinking the

security ring and escaping via the Tamenglong – Cachar and Dimapur – North
cachar forests. Rajee Manag, chief of the PLA had confirmed that a number of
NSCN guerillas attended the training camp across the border. Reportedly the
trainees are supplied with Pakistani arms.

Contd…..8
 -8-

Assam’s Chief Minister Hiteshwar Saikia has repeatedly claimed that

Dhaka was fomenting trouble in the state and the Indian army is reported to have
recovered undiscriminating documents from ULFA rebels suggesting their close
association with Dhaka. This was confirmed during the interrogation of some of
the arrested ULFA rebels trained in one of such training centers located in sylhet.
The highest concentration of training centers is reported to be located at the
Trijunction of India, Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh- a region impassible to
Police. The western side is littered with treacherous marshes and the eastern
side is mountainous, cut up by rivers and dense forests.

Confessions of a terrorist published in India today, 15 June 1985 ( pp 67-

71) reveal that there are three known terrorist training camps in Pakistan just
across the Indian border. The closest one in near Gurdaspur where Sikh guerillas
are being trained by Pakistani Army officers. About 200 guerillas from these
camps are believed to have crossed the border into India, shortly before the
waves of terrorist bombing rocked the country.

Hundred of infiltrators apprehended by the BSF and those who had

surrendered to the latter on the Punjab- Pakistan borer; Kashmir – Pkaistan
border Kutch- Pakistan border Assam- Bangladesh and our other north-east
State border during their interrogation , confirmed about the training centers run
by Pakistan and Bangladesh governments across the international border, for
training the infiltrators.

On their return after training from POK women run training centers inside
the valley. Whenever there is Police raid, they come out in the streets, giving
sufficient time to the women and girls trainees inside to flee. Or raise enough of a
hullabaloo, accusing the Police and security forces of molesting them.
Sometimes they start beating their chests and tearing their clothes. Use of
women police in large number has been a necessity but few recruits are
available to join the police and security forces due to the growing solidarity
among women in the valley. Armed with a burning hatred against India, they are
going all out to keep alive the idea of azadi .

The role of the BSF , sofar as the border duties are concerned, is spelt
out under the Border Security Force act of 1968 and the rules( 1969) made
thereunder, as under:-

1. Provide a sense of security among the people living in the border areas .
2. Prevents trans border crimes, unauthorized entry into or exit from the
territory of India.
3. Prevent Trans-border smuggling of goods and human beings and other
illegal activities on border.
4. During hostilities fight the enemy either by themselves or under the Army.

Contd……..9
 -9-

When the Pak Army invaded Indian areas both on the eastern and
western fronts, on 3 December 9171, the BSF held ground against enemy attcks,
provided flank protection on the advancing columns of the Indian Army and
defended the captured areas, mopping up stray Pakistani army elements. On the
eastern front, notable advances made by the BSF were in Dinajpur, Kurigram,
Rajshahi and Sylhet.

On the eastern fron, contribution of the BSF to victory was significant

because of the support it gave to the Mukti Bahini , the border operation is
mounted until the arrival of Army, the intelligence it was able to provide to the
army and the onslaught of the enemy that withstood , In the process 127 BSF
personnel had been killed, 392 injured in 94 taken as prisoners of war.

The Assam rifles were constituted in the year 1835. Since then the Assam
Rifles have been gradually raised in status and evolved as follows –

Frontier Police - 1883

Assam Military Police - 8191
East Bengal and Assam and
Military Police - 1913
Assam Rifles - 1920

Border observation posts ( BOPs) each manned by three BSF personnel

are located 600-800 yrads apart during the day, and at an interval of 300-350
yards at night. The numbers of BOPS is increased three fold after sunset. Each
of these is 30 feet high, and equipped with a floodlight as well as inflated vision
device.

“” It has become physically impossible for an infiltrator to come “claims

Ashok Kumar Josh Commandant of the 81 st Battalion, BSF which guards a
stretch of 23.6 kms in the Attari- Wagah sector “” Although farmers are
permittedto till their land, we keep a stric watch and record their movements” he
added tall wooden gates are located at varying distances along the fence to
enable the farmers to pass, provided they produce identity cards. They have
foxed seasonal entry and exit timings in the morning and evening. The
maintenance of records serves as an effective deterrent to any would be
impersonator, Josh says.

Some wealthy Pakistani nationals from Choki, near Tellichery in north

Kerala, have manned to become Indian citizens , Pakistani nationals in Kerala
with active support of the local Muslim organizations have overstayed and carry
on with their existence undiscovered. The Statesman 25 May 1984 reported that
several thousands of Pakistani Muslims had been overstaying in Bombay, much
beyond the expiry dates mentoned on their passports, before the Bhiwandi –
Bombay communal riots.
Contd….10
 -10-

The strength of the security forces, namely BSF, Assam Rifles and ITBP
requires to be increased. The average distance between BOP be reduced to
5 kms and two OP towers for each BOP. Each BOPto be provided with one
platoon strength instead of two sections as at present.

The system of reporting of foreign nationals holding valid traval documents

to the police be firmly implemented so that they can traced easily after the expiry
of the target date of return as per the visa.

In view of the growing number of women infiltrators across the border and
organized trafficking in women and girls adequate number of women should be
inducted in security forces for search, seizure and arrest of women offenders.

AUTHOR
S.K.
GHOSH,IP
 INTRODUCTION OF BOOK

Name of Book : THE BEAR TRAP

Afghanistan’s Untold Story

Name of Author : Mohammad Yousaf & Mark Adkin

Publication : Jang Publishers.

13-Sir Allah Khan Road,
Lahore (Pakistan).

Category : Factual , War Description .

Price : Rs 350 /-

Page : 243

First Published : June 1992

Anything Special : Book Contains 15 Photographs Eyewitness of war.

 ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Brigadier Mohammad Yousaf was born in 1937 in 1961 was

commissioned as an Infantry Officer into Frontier force regiment Pakistan army.
Subsequently his career took him through the usual sequence of command and
staff appointments including active service against India. He attended the
command and staff college at Quetta and the National defence college at
Rawalpindi.

While commanding an infantry brigade he was selected personally by

the director of I S I to head its Afghan Bureau, a post he held from October 1983
to August 1987 , when he resigned on a matter of principle and left the Army.
During these four years he was responsible for the supply ,training and
operational planning of Mujahideen inside Afghanistan and later inside the
Soviet Union .He now lives in Karachi with his family , spending much of his time
writing articles.

Major Mark Adkin was commissioned into the Bedfordshine and

Hertfordshine Regiment in 1956 and serve with it. The Royal Anglian Regiment
in harmony .Malaya , Mauritius and Aden. On leaving the British Army he joined
the overseas Civil services and was posted to the Solomon Islands .

His final overseas post was as a contact Officer for five years with
Barfados Defence force and it was as the Caribbean operations staff officer
that he participated in the US invasion of Grenada in 1983. He now lives in the
Bedford and writes books on military subjects including ‘Urgent Fury’ & “The last
Eleven “
 ABOUT THE BOOK

This is very controversial books reveals the greatest Military, political and
financial secrets of recent times. It describes how Pakistan and covertly
controlled the largest guerilla was of this century.

 Book starts with description of President Zia’s regions and how he died
in plane worth. No due about culprits and whole incident cover up
without much inquiry. It gives the glimpses that it is more on less a
political conspiracy.

 Chapter 1 :- Describes the involvement of ISI in creating crisis in

Afghanistan. Military rule in Pakistan was supporting the
fundamentalist in Afghanistan to wage a war, ISI had well planned
strength and policy regarding it.

 Chapter-2 :- Describes about the Mujahiddin, seven major groups of

Mujahuddin were fighting against Russian soldier and among them
self to gain and grab maximum share of logistic , admen and military
support of ISI. It describes the tough character of Afghans & their zest
for flight.

 Chapter-3 :- Describes the Russian aim , attitude & deployment of

forces in Afghanistan. CIA was looking / perceiving Afghanistan as
Russian Vietnam. Describes the nature habit & fighting skills of
Russian soldiers deployed in Afghanistan.

 Chapter – 4 :- Describes the comparison of Afghanistan to Vietnam. It

gives the details of strategic site & location of Russian deployment. ISI
& CIA try to wage a similar kind of guerilla war with help of locals
against Russian. Important sites were Salang highway , 05 Km long
tunnel on that highway , fuel dump , Oil fuel pipeline etc.

 Chapter – 5 :- Describes the vital role of CIA in waging war in

Afghanistan. They wanted revenge of American defeat in Vietnam and
wanted to make Afghanistan as Vietnam for Russians. CIA provides ,
money , arms and ammunition. Outdated & useless wpns were
dumped in Afghanistan. Larger share of aid money went into the
pockets of politician , arms dealers , CIA agents by selling worthless
arms.
 Chapter- 6 :- Describes the delivery of arms passes through three
stages in pipeline. First stage was purchasing of arms from various
countries and deliver it to Pakistan. Second stage was transportation of
that arms to various places by trucks arranged by ISI. Third stage is
distribution of that arms to various group of Mujahideen from nodal
places. This stage is most difficult & complicated.

 Chapter – 7 :- Describes the training & tactics of Mujahideen Officers ,

JCO’s & Jawans of Pakistan Army trained them , give them specific
training & tasks. Difficulties faced by ISI in establishing training camp ,
firing range , clandestine operations etc are numerous.

 Chapter – 8 :- Describes the finding and conflict among various groups

of Mujahideen. This is most difficult situation to establish rapport
amongst them for a single aim.

 Chapter-9 :- Describes the importance of Kabul. Maximum attack &

strength of Mujahideen. involved in attacking Kabul & trying to capture
it. It was attacked madly by MBRL &SBRL. Their prime targets were
Official building, military post & ammunition stores etc.

 Chapter-10 :- Describes the fierce Battle of Zhawar. Contrary to

Guerilla war it was like pitched battle .It Describes the attack &
operation of Soviet- Afghan allies on Mujaidden along the Pakistan
border & their main administrative bases like Zhawar, Alikhel etc.

 Chapter-11 :- Describes the use of stringer missile by Mujahideen

against Soviets aircraft. It has turning point & very successful. It has
various drawbacks & dangerous to itself sometimes. But it was a
landmark in Guerilla war indeed.

 Chapter- 12 :- Describes the attacks on Soviet Union. ISI culminated

numerous cross border raids & sabotage missions north of Amu river
with the help of local Wali Beg. Attack was very frustrating to Russian
and at one point of time Pakistan was on Brink of war. By political
efforts such attacks wee stopped.

 Chapter-13 :- Describes the withdrawal of Soviet troops from

Afghanistan. Politics for power sharing for interim government stored
and higher command of ISI replaced. US lost it interest in continuing
the war further US & USSR both were opposing the Mujahideen in
 Afghanistan situation was changing rapidly and everyone strive to gain
benefits from this pandemonium state.

CONCLUSION

Book is research work indeed . It gives the first hand information of Afghanistan
war. It describes minutely every detail of war. Every aspects deals naively which
is a brave effort of author himself. Language of book is very simple & lucid. It can
be easily understand. Description of events is flawless . Military terminology &
tactics are not hampering at all. Maps & sketches with texts make it more
emphatic. It is genuine effort to depict the real.