The 

German Revolution or November Revolution (German: Novemberrevolution) was a civil

conflict in the German Empire at the end of the First World War that resulted in the replacement
of the German federal constitutional monarchy with a democratic parliamentary republic that later
became known as the Weimar Republic. The revolutionary period lasted from November 1918
until the adoption of the Weimar Constitution in August 1919. Among the factors leading to the
revolution were the extreme burdens suffered by the German population during the four years of
war, the economic and psychological impacts of the German Empire's defeat by the Allies, and
growing social tensions between the general population and the aristocratic and bourgeois elite.
The first acts of the revolution were triggered by the policies of the Supreme Command (Oberste
Heeresleitung) of the German Army and its lack of coordination with the Naval
Command (Seekriegsleitung). In the face of defeat, the Naval Command insisted on trying to
precipitate a climactic pitched battle with the British Royal Navy utilizing its naval order of 24
October 1918, but the battle never took place. Instead of obeying their orders to begin
preparations to fight the British, German sailors led a revolt in the naval ports
of Wilhelmshaven on 29 October 1918, followed by the Kiel mutiny in the first days of November.
These disturbances spread the spirit of civil unrest across Germany and ultimately led to the
proclamation of a republic to replace the imperial monarchy on 9 November 1918, two days
before Armistice Day. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Wilhelm II fled the country and abdicated his
throne.
The revolutionaries, inspired by liberalism and socialist ideas, did not hand over power to Soviet-
style councils as the Bolsheviks had done in Russia, because the leadership of the Social
Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) opposed their creation. The SPD opted instead for a
national assembly that would form the basis for a parliamentary system of government.[1] Fearing
an all-out civil war in Germany between militant workers and reactionary conservatives, the SPD
did not plan to strip the old German upper classes completely of their power and privileges.
Instead, it sought to peacefully integrate them into the new social democratic system. In this
endeavour, SPD leftists sought an alliance with the German Supreme Command. This allowed
the army and the Freikorps (nationalist militias) to act with enough autonomy to quell
the communist Spartacist uprising of 4–15 January 1919 by force. The same alliance of political
forces succeeded in suppressing leftist uprisings in other parts of Germany, with the result that
the country was completely pacified by late 1919.
The first elections for the new Constituent German National Assembly (popularly known as the
Weimar National Assembly) were held on 19 January 1919, and the revolution effectively ended
on 11 August 1919, when the Constitution of the German Reich (Weimar Constitutio