STS Module

CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
COURSE MODULE
FIRST SEMESTER
AY 2022-2023
GE 1 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
1 |GE1 Science, Technology and Society

Course Code GE1
Course Name Science , Technology and Society
Units 3-unit
Pre-requisite None
Co-requisite Not Applicable
Units Not Applicable
Module Sheril A. Aliben
Developer Contributor :Elyn C. Barlan
Course Learning 1. Discuss how science and technology relate to societal, cultural,
Outcomes political, and economic aspects.
2. Determine the developments of science and technology and how such
changes have shaped today's society.
3. Analyze the concepts and factors of science and technology that are
integrated into the field of information technology.
Course The course deals with interactions between science and technology and social,
Description/ cultural, political, and economic contexts that shape and are shaped by them.
Content (CMO No. 20, series of 2013) This interdisciplinary course engages students to
confront the realities brought about by science and technology in society. Such
realities pervade the personal, the public, and the global aspects of our living
and are integral to human development. Scientific knowledge and technological
development happen in the context of society with all its socio-political, cultural,
economic, and philosophical underpinnings at play. This course seeks to instil
reflective knowledge in the students that they are able to live the good life and
display ethical decision making in the face of scientific and technological
advancement. This course includes mandatory topics on climate change and
environmental awareness
Teaching Synchronous Session: Google Meet, Video and PowerPoint
Method Presentation, Online Sources, Open Ended Questions.
Asynchronous Session: Open Ended Questions, Classroom Activities,

Advanced Reading Materials.
Assessment Major CLO % Of

Description Week Due
Details Assessment Addressed Total
1. Infograph Create an CLO1 30% 6
infograph CLO2
about the
Historical
Antecedents
and
Intellectual
Revolutions
that shaped
human
society .
2. Collage Create a CLO1 30% 12
collage of CLO2
pictures out of CLO3
your own
definition of
“The Good
Life” or
Human
Person
flourishing in
terms of
science and
technology.
Output: A
collage that
will speak the
volume of
their own
understanding
of "The Good
Life" or
Human
Person
flourishing in
terms of
science and
technology on
how they look
into it from a
deeper
perspective.
3. Final Exam Written CLO1 40% 18
Exam (Essay CLO2
and Multiple CLO3
Choice)
Coverage of
Exam: Unit VI
and the
Additional
Mandated
Topics.
Policies and General Instruction:

other Guidelines Synchronous Session:
Asynchronous Session:
Course Evaluation:
Assessment 1 = 30%
Assessment 2 = 30%
Assessment 3 = 40%
Final Grade = A1 (30%) + A2 (30%) + A3 (40%) = 100%
Contact Hours 3 hours/week
and Student 1 hour lecture (Asynchronous)
Workload 2 hours (Activities)
Reading List References
A.Books
McGinn, Robert E. (2002), Science, Technology and Society, Pearson
Education Asia Pte.Ltd. 7
McNamara, DJ,et al,. (2018), Science, Technology and Society, C&E
Publishing, Inc.
B.Online Sources
How inventions change history (for better and for worse) - Kenneth C. Davis -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SMNYivhGsc
PHILOSOPHY – Aristotle - https://youtu.be/csIW4W_DYX4
Why is biodiversity so important? - Kim Preshoff -
https://youtu.be/GK_vRtHJZu4
Animated Short Film: Polar Bear (Global Warming) -
https://youtu.be/KJOkcDfbl9Q
Module As a guide and resource for Science, Technology, and Society, this
Development module was created This primarily includes the facts and figures
Details pertinent to the topic .Moreover ,this will also serve as the students
starting point for discussion and to keep track on the activities
necessarily include in order to help the students instil what they have
learned in class.
Approved by
SONNY D. MACHIADO
Dean
Appendix B CALENDAR
Week Begin Date Topics Course Requirements
1 August 15- -Class Orientation
19 -Self-Introduction
-University’s  Essay
Vision, Mission
And Policy Goals
-Overview of the
Course
-Grading System
and Class
Schedule
-Introduction to
Science,
Technology and
Society
2-3 August 22- UNIT II: General :

September 2 Concepts in  Activity 1 : Essay
Science,  Activity 2: Essay
Technology and
Society

Week Begin Date Topics Course Requirements
4-5 September Unit III.  Online quiz
5-16 Intellectual  Timetable
Revolutions that
shaped human
society
6 September Assessment 1 Info graph

19
7-9 September Unit IV. Science
26-October and Technology  Essay
14 and Nation
Building
10-11 October 17- Unit V. The

28 Human Person  Graded Recitation
flourishing in
terms of science
and technology
A. Technology as
a Way of
Revealing
Unit VI. The Good

Life
12 October 3 Assessment 2  Class Presentation
 Collage
13-15 October 10-  Video
28 Unit VII. Specific  Short Quiz
Issues in STS
16-17 November Mandated  Reaction Paper

3-22 Topics  Long Quiz
 Graded Recitation
18 Assessment 3 Written Exam (Essay and Multiple Choice)
C. ABOUT THE AUTHOR
SHERIL A. ALIBEN, Instructor I, handling subjects such as Earth Science, Science, Technology and
Society; Technology for Teaching and Learning 2 (Science); and Child and Adolescent Learners and
Learning Principles
Contributor : Elyn C. Barlan , COS Instructor handling subjects such as Science Technology and
Society , Arts Appreciation and Philippine Popular Culture

D. Assessment
Assessment Type Course Learning Percentage Due Graduate
Outcomes Date Attributes
Week 1-6 Rubrics CO1,CO2, CO3 30% In depth
understanding of the
importance of
looking through the
developments of
Science and
Technology.
Evaluating and
describing the
contributions of
historical
antecedents and
revolutions to the
society of today.
Week 7-12 Rubrics CO2, CO3 30% Understanding of
the correlation of
good life and
science and
technology.
Critical thinking
skills in evaluation
concepts and
ideas in
connection to the
subject matter.
Week 13-16 Rubrics CO3 , CO2 40% Instilling the pas
discussions and in
depth analysis of
the concepts an
theories tackled.

WEEK 1
Topics:
ORIENTATION, UNIVERSITY’S PHILOSOPHY, VISION, MISSION AND QUALITY POLICY
PHILOSOPHY
Education for Sustainable Human Development
VISION
An Agricultural Research University of Global Standards
MISSION
Leading innovations, building resilient and sustainable communities
QUALITY POLICY
The Central Bicol State University of Agriculture is committed to lead
innovations in instruction, research, extension, and resource
generation for clients' satisfaction, uphold its core values and
principles and satisfy all applicable requirements and standards
through continual improvement of its quality management system.
Learning Outcomes: At the end of thiso unit, students

should be able to :
a) Instil the values that a student of CBSUA should uphold.

b) Have an overview of the course and its necessary requirements
c) Familiarize the grading system and online/ face to face
classroom rules
Topics:
UNIT I: General Concepts in Science, Technology and Society
A. Historical antecedents in which social considerations changed the course of
science and technology
a. In the World:
1. Ancient Times
2. Middle/Medieval Ages

3. Modern Ages
b. In the Philippines
Overview:
Science and Technology indeed play major roles in the everyday

life. Among its importance are as follows: it can make difficult
and complicated tasks easier and allow people to do more with so
little effort and time.
These developments in this field are not just products of
human imagination or one-time thought process but also brought
by gradual improvements since ancient times or across periods.
It was originated in the desire of people to uplift the quality
of their lives.
Do you have previous knowledge on how the things around us
developed? Have you ever thought that it might came from our
ancient ancestors? What are these things that we are enjoying
right now which are products of ancient civilization?
In this module, students will be acquainted on the
development of science and technology through different periods
of time as well as the significant contributions they made.
Learning Outcomes: At the end of thisos module, students

should be able to :
a. Explain the importance and the role of ancient society.

b. Determine the various ancient society of the world and modern
in the ages.
c. Classify society in accordance to period/ time frame in history.
d. Identify their way of living, major/ greatest contribution to the
society of today, developments and etc.
Learning Sources
Textbooks:
McGinn, Robert E. (2002), Science, Technology and Society,

Pearson Education Asia Pte.Ltd.
McNamara, DJ,et al,. (2018), Science, Technology and

Society, C&E Publishing, Inc.
Online Sources :
https://www.britannica.com/topic/cuneiform
https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-asia/uruk-sumerian-

003653 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/3D-Visualisation-of-the-city-
of-Uruk-3000-BC_fig4_265877550
https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=Sn%2bUDM6Y&id=E0EB95D9E3
435FB4AF BA83B8DDE444CF1D7346B7&thid=OIP.Sn-UDM6Yq5M
https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=BFKYG8Cp&id=7B566007C6FE
24A7795E3
DC21F78F19B2F804485&thid=OIP.BFKYG8CpZcMwPM8iL51X8gHaFj&mediaurl=http%3a%2f
%2f image.slidesharecdn.com%2flab0bmicroscopetraining-140930000202-
phpapp02%2f95%2flab-0b- microscope-training-4-
638.jpg&exph=479&expw=638&q=Microscope+by+Zacarias+Jannsen&simid=608009520495722725&ck
=0057F937309D8A62CBD0F60CA89AF8E0&selectedIndex=23&FORM=IRPRST&ajaxhist=0
https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=lUOwo7Eu&id=6C334594B64B
7AA34B7DD
52313C0F3CFF92E5FB9&thid=OIP.lUOwo7Eu_EG0o044k9J5QQHaHa&mediaurl=https%3a%
2f% 2fi.stack.img
ur.com%2fLRqQh.jpg&exph=2000&expw=2000&q=Scientific+Calculator&simid=60804817523677902
6&ck=8D897BA7EC3122786134A31E89005A29&selectedIndex=20&FORM=IRPRST&ajaxhist=0
https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=gRlqS%2f75&id=393827E158
F265E39E6646AF8FB2CFBB0F332F86&thid=OIP.gRlqS_753_2zk7Ag9jTi7AHaD2&mediaur
l=https%3a%2f%2fwww.elitereaders.com%2fwp-
content%2fuploads%2f2015%2f05%2fsalt-water-lamp-
fb.jpg&exph=624&expw=1200&q=image+of+SALT+by+aisa+mijeno&simid=607994320638512533&ck=D
079E4692B725D2903098D07569E7D83&selectedIndex=0&FORM=IRPRST&ajaxhi
st=0
Lesson 1: Ancient Times
The life of ancient people was focused on: transportation,

communication and record keeping, mass production, security and
protection, health, aesthetics and architecture.
Transportation- it was significant during ancient times because

people tried to go to places and discover new horizons
particularly in search for food, find better locations for
settlements and exchange goods. Through navigation, ancient
people were able to become familiar with new and strange places
in the world after they completed an important trade with
another group of people.
Communication- was also an important aspect for the ancient

people that helped them carried out their endeavors to discover
and occupy new places. It also helped them facilitate trade and

prevent possible conflicts. They also made record-keeping to
note and remember important places they had been and document
the trades they made with each other. It was also important to
keep records of their history and culture to establish their
identities.
There is an increasing demand of food supply and other
basic necessities among nations thus it is also implied that
people should produce food at a given time considering that
resources were getting scarcer. Therefore, people need a form
of technology that would enable them to increase food supplies
and other basic needs without travelling more.
Weapons and Armors- during ancient times, these objects were

important in the discovery of new places and establishment of
new alliances with other tribes. Conflicts were common
especially if different groups struggled to control vital
resources wherein stronger nations or groups of people tend to
invade the weaker ones thus, the development of weapons and
armors for security and protection was considered as an
achievement.
The primary challenge faced by ancient people was the

“conservation of life”. They might be successful in harnessing
resources that the world could provide but, their survival posed
a great problem. Different illnesses and diseases, both natural
and man-made, hampered the full potential of a human being. Due
to this, science and technology played a major role in the
discovery of cures to, if not prevention of disease

To address the needs for better transportation, establishment of
structures for protection from human attacks and natural
disasters, construction of bigger and stronger infrastructures
people ventured in the field known as “ engineering”. This
breakthrough allowed human to build structures that would address
their specific needs and wants. Some of these structures
during ancient times still exist today
The development of engineering also led to the introduction of

architecture. It elaborates architectural designs that were
signs of technological advancement of a particular civilization.
It can also be considered as a status symbol among nations and
establish their identity how advanced their technology is.
Ancient people were not contented on beautifying their
infrastructures and surroundings but also on prolonging life
with the mass production of food and advancement of medical
technology that raised the quality of life by making complicated
and difficult tasks easier as well as the development of
technology to improve how they look.
From this standpoint, it could be concluded that development in
science and technology that affect the lives of people were
results of many prior antecedents.
Sumerian Civilization
Sumeria is located on the southernmost tip of ancient

Mesopotamia. Sumerian are known for their high degree for great
things. Among their achievement related in science were:
Cuneiform- it is the major contribution of the Sumerian which is

considered as the first writing system. It utilizes word
pictures and triangular symbols which are carved on clay
using wedge instruments and then left to dry. It keeps records
of things with great

historical value or their everyday life. Cuneiform as system of
writing used in the ancient Middle East. The name, a coinage
from Latin and Middle French roots meaning “wedge-shaped,” has
been the modern designation from the early 18th century onward.
Cuneiform was the most widespread and
historically significant writing
system in the ancient Middle East.
Its active history comprised the
last three millennia BCE, its long
development and geographic expansion
involved numerous successive cultures
and languages, and its overall
significance as an international
graphic medium of civilization
is second only to that of the
Phoenician-Greek-Latin alphabet.
The origins of cuneiform may be

traced back approximately to the end Image 1. Sumerian cuneiform
of the 4th millennium BCE. At that tablet, probably from Erech
time the Sumerians, people of unknown (Uruk), Mesopotamia, c.
3100– 2900 BCE; in the
ethnic and linguistic affinities, Metropolitan Museum of Art,
inhabited southern Mesopotamia and New York City.
the region west of the mouth of the The Metropolitan Museum of
Art, New York; Purchase,
Euphrates known as Chaldea. While it Raymond and Beverly Sackler
does not follow that they were Gift, 1988, 1988.433.1,
www.metmuseum.org
the earliest inhabitants of the
region or the true originators of
their system of writing, it is to them that the first attested
traces of cuneiform writing are conclusively assigned. The
earliest written records in the Sumerian language are
pictographic tablets from Uruk (Erech), evidently lists or
ledgers of commodities identified by drawings of the objects and
accompanied by numerals and personal names.
Uruk City- it is one of the most important contribution of the

Sumerian which is considered as the first true city in the world
which was made from mud or clay from the river, which they mixed
with reeds, producing sunbaked bricks- a true engineering feat.
Uruk was one of the most important cities in southern Mesopotamia.

Image 2. 3D visualization
of the Uruk City, source:
ResearchGate
Great Ziggurat of Ur- it is another engineering and

architectural feat of the
Sumerians. The ziggurat also
called as the “mountain of
god”, was built in the same
manner that they constructed
the City of Uruk. The structure
was constructed using sunbaked
bricks. It served as the sacred
place of their chief god, where
only the priests were allowed
to enter.
The ziggurat was built by the
Sumerian King Ur-Nammu and
Image 3.A view of the restored of
his son Shulgi in Ziggurat of Ur.
approximately the 21stcentury Image credit: Shutterstock
BCE (short chronology) during
the Third Dynasty of Ur. The massive step pyramid measured 210
feet (64m) in length, 150 feet (46m) in width and over 100 feet
(30m) in height. The height is speculative, as only the
foundations of the Sumerian ziggurat have survived
(www.wikipediacom).
Irrigation and Dikes- it was made by the Sumerians to

address the problem in scarce water supply to bring water
to farmlands and at the same time control the flooding of
the rivers.

Image 4: Science and Technology and Image 5. Components of irrigation/
the Society: Slideshare /ancientmesopotamia{.wordpress
Sailboats- to address the

challenge in transportation,
Sumerians used boats to
carry large quantities of
products and were able to cover
large distances. This invention
was essential in transportation
and trading as well as in
fostering culture, information
and technology.
Image 6. Sailboat of
Mesopotamia:Source: googlesites
Wheel- it was invented in the

latter part of their history
purposely for farm work and
food processes. Using wheel
and axle, mass production was
made easier. Also, farmers
were able to mill grains with
less effort in less time.
Image 7: Summerian War Chariot

Source : summerianshakespear.com
Image 8: Summerian Irrigation Wheel
Source: ancienthistory.com

Plow-through the evolution
of human from being food gatherers
to farm cultivators, this
technology was invented to
dig earth in a faster place
that lead farmers to cultivate
larger parcel of lands faster,
enabling them to produce food
without taking so much effort and
time.
Image 7. Ancient Wooden Plow:

Dreamstime
Roads- it was also an important

contribution of the Sumerians
that facilitate faster and
easier travel. With this
invention, the flow of traffic
became faster and more
organized; also it was very
useful during the rainy season
when traveling in soft and
muddy roads.
Image 8: Roads and Streets: Weebly
B. Babylonian Civilization
Babylonians civilization originated near the Tigris and Euphrates

river. They were considered as great builders, engineers and
architects. The following was the significant contribution of the
Babylonians
Hanging Gardens of Babylon- it was a structure made up of layers

of gardens that contained several species of plant, trees, and
vines. Based on legends, it was Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II
who built the garden for his wife, Queen Amytis. Its exact location
is unknown and there is no physical evidence to prove theexistence
of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Many said that it was just a
product of the creative imagination of the great King because it

lacked documentation or archaeological evidence. If the stories
are true, it may be considered as one of the greatest engineering
and architectural achievements of the world that is almost
impossible to replicate.
Image 7. Hanging Gardens

of Babylon
Source: realm of history.com
C. Egyptian Civilization
It is located in North Africa. Egyptians were known from their

engineering technology as well as their pyramids. The following
are the significant contributions of the Egyptians:
Paper or Papyrus- it is
one of the earlier
contributions of the
Egyptians. Though they
were not the one who
discovered the first
system of writing but
they were able to make
writing easier for the
world. Papyrus was a
plant that grew
Image 8. Ancient Egyptian
abundantly along the Nile River in Mathematical Ingenuity
Egypt that were processed in order Source : New York Times
to produce thin sheets on which one
could write down things. Since
papyrus was lighter and thinner than clay tablets, it was easy
to carry and store thus this invention was a major
accomplishment in Egyptian record-keeping and communication.

Ink- after the discovery of the papyrus or paper, engraving
ceased to be used in writing at the same time ink was invented
by combining soot with different
chemicals to produce inks of
different colors. The inks must
withstand the elements of nature
to record the history, culture
and codified laws. It must also
be tamper-proof so that people
could easily tinker with those
written down by authorities.
Image 9. Egyptian Revival

Bronze Ink Pot from France
circa:1stdibs.com
Hieroglyphics- it was the system of writing developed by the

Egyptians. It tellsthe modern
world of the history and culture
of the ancient Egyptians. Their
records were well-preserved
since they were carved at the
walls of pyramids and other
important Egyptians structures.
Image 10 .Egyptian Hieroglyphics:

historyplex.com
Cosmetics- Egyptians invented the cosmetics for both health and

aesthetics reasons. They wore Kohl around the eyes to prevent and
even cure eye diseases. It was created by mixing soot or malachite
with mineral galena. Also, Egyptians believed that wearing make-
up was their protection against evil as well as beauty was a sign
of holiness.

Image 11. Image of cosmetics by the
Egyptians: wordpress.com
Wig- Egyptians invented the wig for

health and wellness rather than for
aesthetic purpose. The wigs were used to
protect the shaved heads of the
wealthy Egyptians from the harmful rays
of the sun.
Image 17. Elaborate wigs in Egypt:

ancienct-origin.net
Water Clock/Clepsydra- it was another

important ancient Egyptian contribution.
This device utilizes gravity that
affects the flow of water from one vessel
to the other. The amount of water (or
its height, depending on the method
used) remaining in the device determines
how much time has elapsed since it is
full. In the process, time is measured.
The water clock was widely used as a
timekeeping device during the ancient
times.
Image 12. Ancient Egyptian water

clock:enpaperblogspot.com Greek Civilization

D. Greek Civilization
Greece is an archipelago in the southeastern part of Europe. It is

known as the birthplace of western philosophy. In-depth work on
philosophy and mathematics, coliseums and the Olympics were some of
their contributions as well as in the field of science and technology.
The following were the significant contributions of the Greek:
Alarm Clock- Greek invented the alarm clock

purposely to tell an individual when to stop
or when to start. The ancient Greek’s alarm
clocks were used large complicated
mechanisms to time the alarm. They made use
of water (or sometimes small stones or sand)
that dropped into drums which sounded the
alarm. Plato utilized an alarm clock to
signal the start of his lecture. His version
used four water vessels lined up vertically.
Image 13 : Image of ancient Greek alarm

clock
Source:pinterest.com
Water Mill-it is
considered as one of the most important contributions of the Greek
civilization to the world. They were commonly used in agricultural
processes like milling of grains necessary for food processing
that lead to mass production of rice, cereals, flours and the like.
E. Roman Civilization
Romans was perceived to be have the strongest political and social
entity in the west. It was considered to be the cradle of politics
and governance in the west. The following were there significant
contributions:
Newspaper- it is one of
the major contributions
of the Romans. Their
first newspaper was
known as “gazettes”
contained announcements
of the Roman Empire to
the people.
Image 20. Ancient Rome newspaper:

earlyhistory.org

Bound Books or Codex- according
to sources, Julius Caesar
started the tradition of
stacking up papyrus to form
pages of a book, later on they
were able to provide covers to
protect the papyrus out of wax
but later replaced by animal
skin which proved to be
stronger and longer- lasting.
Image 21. Codex, the Earliest Form of a Bound Book:The Balance Careers
Roman Architecture- it is one of the

most visual contributions of the
ancient
Roman Empire to the world which said
to be the continuation of the Greek
architecture, hence resemblance but
Roman architecture was still regarded
as pioneering since the Romans were
able to adapt new building and
engineering technology on could
produce sturdier and stronger
infrastructures.
Image 22. The Arch of Septimius Severus

Source : pinterest
Roman Numerals- the Romans

devised their own number system
specifically to address the need
for a standard counting method that
would meet their increasing
communication and trade concerns.
Although Roman Numerals is no
longer widely used due to its
limitations, there are some
enthusiasts would still use it over
Hindu
Image 23. Roman Numerals: blogspot.com
Arabic due to its aesthetic and
historical value.

F. Chinese Civilization
The Chinese civilization is considered to be the oldest civilization in

Asia, if not the world. China is known as the middle kingdom which
is located on the Far East. The following were the significant
contributions of Chinese in the world:
Silk- it is one of the things

that connected Far East China
to the world. Chinese were
the ones who developed the
technology to harvest the
silk and process it produces
paper and clothing. Silk
production resulted in the
creation of a product for
trade. Silk trade opened
China to the outside world,
making way for cultural,
economic, and scientific
exchanges. It bridged the gap
between the western world
and the middle kingdom. Image 17: Women Checking Silk,Song China
Source: worldhistory.org
Tea Production-Tea production was developed when an unknown

Chinese inventor created a machine that was able to shred tea
leaves into strips. This machine was done using
a wheel-based mechanism with sharp edges attached to a wooden or
ceramic pot. Because of this invention, Chinese were able to
increase their production of tea and trade with other nations. Tea
production developed by ancient Chinese
Great Wall of China- It is said to be the largest and most extensive

infrastructure that China built. It was constructed to keep out foreign
invaders and control the borders of China. It was made out of
stone,brick, wood, earth and other materials,it showcased the extent
of Chinese
engineering technology at that time.

The structure was so massive and strong that
was said to have literally divided China from
the rest of the world and put the nation among
the most powerful civilizations during the
ancient times. Today, some of its parts are
already ruined but still continues to be a
world attraction due to its historical
significance and architectural grandeur.
Image 23 :
Image Source : Rough Guides
Gunpowder- it is one of the interesting

inventions of Chinese. Originally, it was
developed by Chinese alchemists who aimed
to achieve immortality. They mixed
charcoal, sulfur, and potassium nitrate,
but instead of creating and elixir of
life, they accidentally invented a black
powder that could actually generate large
amount of heat and gas in an instant.
Instead of achieving its purpose, it
resulted to the opposite wherein gunpowder
is widely used to propel bullets from guns
and cannons which cause countless deaths.
It was also used in fireworks during
important celebrations in China.
Image of a Gunpowder in China:

Image Source:blospot.com
ACTIVITY 1

Briefly answer the following questions
1. What is the importance of looking back through ancient

history?
2. Is studying the history of the ancient times beneficial to
our society?
Additional question: Is history a tsismis /hearsay?
LESSON 2 :MEDIEVAL/ MIDDLE AGE
This age was marked by massive invasions and migrations. Wars were
prevalent that required great technology in the field of weaponry,
navigation, mass food and farm production, and health. The following
were the significant contributions during period:
Microscope- during this period, growing
Printing Press- it was invented by

Johann Gutenberg after the discovery of
woodblock printing, it is a more
reliable way of printing using a cast
type. He used wooden machines that
extracted juices from fruits, attached
them to a metal impression of the
letters, and pressed firmly the cast
metal into a piece of paper which then
made an exact impression on paper. The
printing press was invented to address
the need for publishing books that
would spread information to many
people at a faster rate. This
invention also made works accessible to
individuals who could not even
Image25. Printing Press in
write(Stessguth,1997).
Medieval Europe
Image Source:sites.google.com
populations caused by massive migration
and urbanization happened that caused
people transferred to polluted and populated urban areas which
resulted in more cases of getting sick and needing medical
attention. To develop the proper medicine for illnesses, experts
must need to use a device that could magnify things invisible to
the eye. Zacharias Janssen, who had a background with the
principles of eyeglasses was able to develop the first compound
microscope. The microscope was key in discovering new means in
preventing and curing various illnesses (Davidson,2015).

Telescope- Middle age was known as the Age of Exploration, the
need for nautical inventions was high

considering the vast and empty oceans that
separate the lands, ship captains need to see
far and wide for them to navigate or to avoid
dangers in the sea. The invention of the
telescope, an optical instrument that helps in
the observation of remote objects, was a great
help for navigators during this time. Together
with the telescope, the invention of the
compass, oars and rudders made sea travelling
easier and safer (Helden,1989).
Image of Televue Renaisaaence

Telescope:
War Weapons- during this time, great development in the weaponry

technology happened due to the prevalent occurrence of wars. They
need to develop weaponries not only as offensive tools but also as
defensive instruments. Some of the developed weapons were cross bows
and long bows for open-area battle while soldiers used iron body
armors for close- range hand-to-hand combat.

LESSON 3 :MODERN TIMES
During this time, the world population boomed particularly in the

nineteenth century onwards that demanded more goods to be produced
at a faster rate. The demand for efficient transportation to trade
goods and cover a large distance. This period requires more
upgraded machines to establish connections between and among
nations.
The following are the salient contributions during this time:
Pasteurization- Louis Pasteur, a French biologist,

microbiologist and chemist invented pasteurization, a process of
heating dairy products to kill the harmful bacteria that allow
them to spoil faster. Through this process, milk could be stored
and consumed for a longer period. It also prevented illnesses
caused by harmful bacteria (Macalester College,2010). Pasteur also
contributed to science and technology through his works on
molecular asymmetry, fermentation and vaccination.
Petroleum refinery- the modern times demanded better means of

powering homes and transportation, to address this concern, Samuel
M. Kier was able to invent kerosene by refining petroleum. Later,
kerosene was referred to as “illuminating oil” because it was used
at first to provide lighting to homes then later it was applied
for its heating purpose. The development of kerosene established
the petroleum refinery industry (Skrabec, 2010). During the
present times, petroleum is widely used in powering automobiles,
factories and power plants among others
Telephone- during the modern

times, people need to be
connected by trade and
exploration thus the demand for
an easier and effective way of
communication. To address this
problem, Alexander Graham Bell
invented the telephone that lead
to better communication among
people and the government
Image12: First Telephone

Image Source: American Academy of Arts and Sciences

Calculator- although calculators were invented in earlier times,
modern times required a faster way to compute for more complicated
equations. The creation of modern calculators did not only pave
for easier arithmetic calculations but also resulted in the
development of more complex processing machines like the computer
Image of a standard calculator: Edmodo Image of a scientific calculator:

stack Overflow
ACTIVITY 2
Instruction: Briefly answer the following questions
In your point of view, which of these civilizations had the great

contribution in the development of science and technology in the
history? Why?
Which of these scientific developments has great impact in your

life? Kindly give an instance.

LESSON 4 : PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS
Salamander Amphibious
Tricycle- Filipinos are fond
of converting transport
vehicles into something more
useful just like the
conversion of American
military jeep used in World
War II into jeepneys, also the
addition of sidecar to a
motorcycle transforming it
into tricycle to accommodate
more passengers. But, in the
country during rainy season,
flooding is a common
Image of Amphibious Salamander: Top occurrence in many areas; to
Gear Philippines
remedy the issue, H2O
Technologies headed by
Dominic N. Chung and lamberto
Salt Lamp- it was
Armada, invented
together withby Chief
a young Filipina inventor
Designer Victor “Atoy” Llave,
named Aisa
was Mijeno.
able It
to invent the
is a lighting system
Salamander, that
an amphibious
utilizes a material
tricycle that abundant
can cross not
in the only
Philippines-
flooded streets but also
saltwater.
riversShe invented
and lakes. theIt may also
Sustainable Alternative
be utilized to travel from
Lighting lamp to
island (SALT),
islandan considering
environment-friendly light
that the Philippines is an
source archipelago,
that runs on salt the Salamander
Image of Aisa Mijeno and her invention, water. is
Ita is saferinvention
useful and posesthat has
the SALT: elitereaders.com no riska and
lot emits no toxic
of potential.
gases.

Medical Incubator- a common problem in the
Philippines is the high mortality rate of
newborn babies. To address this problem,
Dr. Fe del Mundo, a Filipino pediatrician
and the first Asian woman admitted into
Harvard Medical School, devised a medical
incubator made from indigenous and cheap
materials which did not run on electricity.
Dr.del Mundo’s incubator was made by
placing a native laundry basket inside a
bigger one. Hot water bottles were inserted
between the baskets to provide warmth and a
makeshift hood to allow oxygen circulation.
Its main purpose was to maintain conditions
suitable for a newborn, usually a pre-term
baby. Another contribution of Dr. del Mundo
include her works on the immunization and Photo credit
treatment of jaundice and the BRAT diet for tofedelmundo.com.ph
curing diarrhea.
Mosquito Ovicidal/Larvicidal Trap System- Dengue, a mosquito-borne viral

illness is endemic in the tropical and subtropical areas including the
Philippines. It’s usually transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito.
Insecticides were once used but ineffective in the sense that mosquitos
became resistant with these chemicals which in turn harmful to human.
Thus, in 2010, the Department of science and Technology-Industrial
Technology Development Institute (DOST- ITDI) was able to introduce the
Mosquito Ovicidal/ Larvicidal trap System, also known as OL trap. This
trap system is made of natural ingredients that are lethal to mosquitos
but safe for human and the environment.
Ejeepney- it is the major innovation that changed the

transportation industry in the Philippines. This iconic public
utility vehicle was built using the military jeeps left by the
Americans after World War II. This electric jeepney (eJeepney) is
a modern type of transportation that utilizes electricity instead
of the more expensive diesel. It is environment friendly since it
does not emit any smoke and noise.

This module has the following key points:
The focus of the ancient civilization are as follows:

transportation, communication, weapons and armors as well as
conservation of life. In order to achieve and address the needs of
the people, they ventured in engineering then later resulted to
the introduction of architecture.
The following were the significant contribution of the different

periods during ancient times:
Sumerian civilization contributed the following: cuneiform, Uruk
City, the Great Ziggurat of Ur, irrigation and dikes, sailboats,
wheel, plow and roads.
Babylonian civilization contributed the Hanging Garden of Babylon
which is considered as one of seven wonders of the ancient world.
The Egyptian civilization significantly contributed the
development of paper or papyrus, ink, hieroglyphics, cosmetics,
wig, and water clock/ clepsydra.
The Greek civilization also made contribution in the development
of science and technology, among these are: alarm clock and water
mill.
Roman civilization contributed bound books or codex, architecture

and Roman Numerals.
Chinese civilization have also numerous contribution such as silk,
tea production, Great wall of China and gunpowder.
During the Medieval/ middle ages the significant contribution in

the development of science and technology includes: printing
press, the discovery of microscope and telescope, as well as war
weapons.
During the modern times pasteurization, petroleum refinery,

telephone and calculator were discovered.
The Philippines have also significant contribution in the

development of science and technology, among its remarkable
inventions are as follows: salamander amphibious tricycle, SALT
Lamp, medical incubator, mosquito ovicidal/ larvicidal trap system
and Ejeepney.

During the time of Intellectual Revolution, there were
developments that showed how the society transformed by science
and technology.
Copernican Revolution
During the early times, people tried to asked the existence of

natural phenomenon such as the occurrence of nights and days, what
makes the starts, the moon and other heavenly bodies. Through the
invention of the telescope, ancient people were able to take a
look at the outer space and it made them curious on what really
make up these.
Image of Geocentric model: wordpress.com
This caused the paradigm shift of how the earth and sun were placed
in the heavens/universe. It is the idea that rejected Ptolemaic
model (earth is the center of the solar system) and proved the
heliocentric model (Sun is the center of the solar system having
the earth revolving around it.)
Greek philosophers tried to explain the movement of heavenly bodies

and its effect to the world as they perceived. Many of these
philosophers believed and agreed that planets moved around in
circular motion, and that these movements created days and nights,
among others. One of these philosophers was Claudius Ptolemy, a
famous philosopher and astronomer who stated that the planets, as
well as the sun and the moon moved in a circular motion around the
earth. The sun and the moon’s revolution explained the existence
of days and nights. He also believed that the Earth was at the
center or a concept known as “geocentrism”. This geocentric model
by Ptolemy was widely accepted by the people and was one of the

greatest discoveries of that time.
In the 16th century, Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish mathematician

and astronomer challenged the Ptolemaic model. He introduced the
concept known as “heliocentrism” which suggested that the center
of the Solar System was not the Earth but the sun. This idea was
rejected at first by the public due to some religious belief
considering that the earth was created first before all things.
Copernicus was even persecuted as a heretic because of his
teachings were against what was widely accepted by religion. After
some time, astronomers realized that the Copernican model
simplified the orbits for planets. It also answered issues that
could not be explained using geocentric model. There were other
works that supported this model and eventually accepted by the
people in a period which was called “birth of modern astronomy”.
This era began what was known as the scientific revolution which
resulted in the transformation of society’s thoughts and beliefs.
Image of Heliocentric Model: Department of Physics and Astronomy: University

of Rochester
This shift marked the start of a broader Scientific Revolution

that set the foundations of modern science and allowed science to
flourish as an autonomous discipline within its own right.(
Osler,2020). Copernicus did not solve all of the difficulties of
the Ptolemaic system. He had to keep some of the cumbrous apparatus
of epicycles and other geometrical adjustments, as well as a few
Aristotelian crystalline spheres. The result was neater but not so
striking that it commanded immediate universal assent. Moreover,
there were some implications that caused considerable concern: Why
should the crystalline orb containing Earth circle the Sun? And

how was it possible for Earth itself to revolve on its axis once
in 24 hours without hurling all objects, including humans, off its
surface? No known physics could answer these questions, and the
provision of such answers was to be the central concern of the
Scientific Revolution.
The reception of Copernican astronomy amounted to victory by
infiltration. By the time large-scale opposition to the theory had
developed in the church and elsewhere, most of the best
professional astronomers had found some aspect or other of the new
system indispensable. Copernicus’s book De revolut ionibus orbium
coelestium libri VI (“Six Books Concerning the Revolutions of the
Heavenly Orbs”), published in 1543, became a standard reference
for advanced problems in astronomical research, particularly for
its mathematical techniques. Thus, it was widely read by
mathematical astronomers, in spite of its central cosmological
hypothesis, which was widely ignored. In 1551 the German astronomer
Erasmus Reinhold published the Tabulae prutenicae (“Prutenic
Tables”), computed by Copernican methods. The tables were more
accurate and more up-to-date than their 13th-century predecessor
and became indispensable to both astronomers and astrologers.
DARWINIAN REVOLUTION
It is considered as one of the most controversial intellectual

revolutions of its time. In 1859, Charles Darwin, an English
naturalist, biologist, and geologist published his book, On the
Origins of Species. In this book, Darwin introduced the theory of
evolution, which stressed that populations pass through a process
of natural selection in which the fittest would survive.
He stated that the organisms have the ability to adapt to their
environment and would gradually change into something that would
be more competitive to survive, a process known as evolution.
However, this theory became very controversial as people perceived

it to be contradictory to the church’s teachings that the source
of life is a powerful creator. The theory emerged at a time when
most of the population believed and accepted the biblical version
of the Earth’s creation. This theory even created a debate between
the science and religion but later it was accepted that this theory
was not against the teachings of the church and both coexist.
This has brought a great impact on how people approach Biology
forever. This revolution provided a different than the "theory of
Creation". The Darwinian revolution started when Charles Darwin
published his book "The Origin of Species" that emphasizes that
humans are the result of an evolution.

FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
Psychology was always regarded as branch of philosophy. It is

considered more than an art rather than a science. Sigmund Freud
was able to change the people’s perception of psychology with his
revolutionary theory of “psychoanalysis”.
Psychoanalysis is the study that explains human behavior. Freud
explained that there are many conscious and unconscious factors
that can influence behavior and emotions. He also argued that
personality is a product of three conflicting elements:
Id
Ego
Superego
Freud’s theory underwent a lot of criticisms because some says
that it had no scientific basis as no empirical or empirical data
that could support it but Freud still continued to work on refining
his theory and even tried to explain how psychoanalysis can be a
clinical method in treating some mental disorders. Later, people
were able to realize the concepts of psychoanalysis is really a
science. (McNamara,2016).
This theory has started to revolutionize Psychiatry with Sigmund

Freud. This includes the "Freudian Theory of Personality" that
involves the human development contributes to his/her personality
and also his "psychoanalysis" that is the process for achieving
proper functioning if a human does not complete his/her
developmental stage.
INFORMATION REVOLUTION
This has been the era in which technology has been prevalent. It
is also known as the Computer Age that has brought so much
change on how are we living today.
MESO-AMERICAN

It has contributed a lot ideas or discoveries for Archaeology.
The temples and pyramids left a lot about of Architecture that
leads us to study more of it.
ASIAN
The revolution itself taught Asian countries about freedom and
independent nationhood along the improvement brought by it
internally.
MIDDLE EAST
The revolutions in the Middle East were a product of the
development and growth of individual nationalism, imperialism,
for the efforts to westernize and modernize Middle Eastern
societies, and to push the declining power of the Ottoman Empire
in the Arab region.
AFRICAN
The fight against colonialism and imperialism in Africa.

ACTIVITY 3
Create a timeline that discusses the Intellectual Revolutions

that shaped the human society.
Sample:
Image Source: Internethistory.org

ASSESTMENT 1
Info graphics
Create an infograph about the Historical Antecedents and
Intellectual Revolutions that shaped human society. The students
may use Canva, Pixlr, Photoshop and other platforms that will help
in terms of improving their output.
The assessment will be graded in accordance with the creativity,

content, elements, and analysis of the students. A rubric will
also be provided that will serve as their guide in meeting the
specified standards for the output.

STS Module

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

STS Module

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE

COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

GE 1 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

1 |GE1 Science, Technology and Society

Asynchronous Session: Open Ended Questions, Classroom Activities,

Assessment Major CLO % Of

Policies and General Instruction:

2-3 August 22- UNIT II: General :

4 |GE1 Science, Technology and Society

6 September Assessment 1 Info graph

10-11 October 17- Unit V. The

Unit VI. The Good

16-17 November Mandated  Reaction Paper

C. ABOUT THE AUTHOR

5 |GE1 Science, Technology and Society

6 |GE1 Science, Technology and Society

Learning Outcomes: At the end of thiso unit, students

a) Instil the values that a student of CBSUA should uphold.

7 |GE1 Science, Technology and Society

Science and Technology indeed play major roles in the everyday

Learning Outcomes: At the end of thisos module, students

a. Explain the importance and the role of ancient society.

McGinn, Robert E. (2002), Science, Technology and Society,

McNamara, DJ,et al,. (2018), Science, Technology and

8 |GE1 Science, Technology and Society

Lesson 1: Ancient Times

The life of ancient people was focused on: transportation,

Transportation- it was significant during ancient times because

Communication- was also an important aspect for the ancient

9 |GE1 Science, Technology and Society

Weapons and Armors- during ancient times, these objects were

The primary challenge faced by ancient people was the

10 |GE1 Science, Technology and Society

The development of engineering also led to the introduction of

Sumeria is located on the southernmost tip of ancient

Cuneiform- it is the major contribution of the Sumerian which is

11 |GE1 Science, Technology and Society

The origins of cuneiform may be

Uruk City- it is one of the most important contribution of the

12 |GE1 Science, Technology and Society

Great Ziggurat of Ur- it is another engineering and

Irrigation and Dikes- it was made by the Sumerians to

13 |GE1 Science, Technology and Society

Sailboats- to address the

Wheel- it was invented in the

Image 7: Summerian War Chariot

14 |GE1 Science, Technology and Society

Image 7. Ancient Wooden Plow:

Roads- it was also an important

Image 8: Roads and Streets: Weebly

Babylonians civilization originated near the Tigris and Euphrates

Hanging Gardens of Babylon- it was a structure made up of layers

15 |GE1 Science, Technology and Society

Image 7. Hanging Gardens

It is located in North Africa. Egyptians were known from their

16 |GE1 Science, Technology and Society

Image 9. Egyptian Revival

Hieroglyphics- it was the system of writing developed by the

Image 10 .Egyptian Hieroglyphics:

Cosmetics- Egyptians invented the cosmetics for both health and

17 |GE1 Science, Technology and Society

Wig- Egyptians invented the wig for

Image 17. Elaborate wigs in Egypt: