Aim: To determine the strength of a given solution of hydrochloric acid by titrating it

against M/10 standard sodium carbonate solution.

Materials required

Theory:

Equation involved

2HCl. +. Na2CO3 - 2NaCl. + H2O. +. CO2

Here we determine the strength of HCl by titrating it against a standard solution of sodium
carbonate and they react to form NaCl, CO 2 and water. The chemical reaction can be
represented as;

Formula used:

Here 1 mole of sodium carbonate reacts with 2 moles of HCl. So according to Molarity
equation,

Procedure:

 Take a burette and wash it with distilled water.

 Rinse and fill the burette with the given hydrochloric acid and set the initial burette
reading as zero.
 Clamp it vertically to the burette stand.
 Rinse the pipette first with water and then with the given sodium carbonate
solution.
 Pipette out 10 mL of the given sodium carbonate solution into a conical flask and add
1-2 drops of methyl orange into it.
 Titrate it against the hydrochloric acid taken in the burette till the colour of the
solution in the conical flask changes from  yellow to light red.
 Now note down the final burette reading.
 Repeat the same procedure until concordant values are obtained.
 Result:

The molarity of the given Hydrochloric acid is ------ M

The strength of the given HCl is ---------g/L

Precautions

 Handle the apparatus and chemicals with care.

 Never close the pipette with the thumb. Close it with the index finger.
 Always keep the lower end of the pipette in the liquid while sucking it.
 Never pipette out hot or corrosive solutions.
 Do not blow out the last drop of the solution from the jet end of the pipette.