PERSONALITY

THEORIES & ASSESSMENT

MPC-003
 Personality
Theories & Assessment
(MPC003)

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Assignment Container: Personality: Theories and Assessment (MPC003)

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 Content

1 Self-Report Inventories 1

2 Behavioural Assessment Techniques 4

3 Eysenck’s Trait-Type Theory 8

4 Technical Criteria of the Assessment Techniques 13

5 Classification of Projective Techniques 14

6 Trait and Personal Dispositions 16

7 Salient Features of Sullivan’s Theory of Personality 17

8 Psychological Determinants of Personality 18

9 Important Steps in Personality Assessment 21

10 Myers-Briggs Type Indicator 21

11 Purpose of Case Study Method 21

12 The Study of Values by Allport 21

13 Big-Five Inventory 22

14 Evaluation of Bandura’s Theory 22

15 Characteristics of Self-Actualizers 23

16 Constitutional and Environmental Traits 23

17 Guilford’s Trait Theory 24

18 Idiographic Approach to Personality 24

Assignment Container Personality: Theories & Assessment (MPC-003)

terms of their level of generality. The cognitive sector (intelligence), the conative sector
(character), the affective sector (temperament), and the somatic sector (constitution).

Assumptions of the Theory:

• Much of the personality is genetically determined.

• There’s a biological basis of personality.
• It’s based on factor analysis (study multiple variables and club common variables intact
or- advanced statistical technique).

Hierarchical Structure of Personality:

Specific responses to different stimuli become habitual responses over a time period. These
different habits become traits that are difficult to modify. These similar traits clubbed become
super factor or type of personality (e.g., introversion). Hans Eysenck based his two-factor theory
on these ideas. For this, he analyzed the responses people gave to personality questionnaires. As
part of the factorial analysis, Eyesenck used statistical data reduction and agglutination. In this
case, he used this technique to reduce behaviors to a series of factors with common attributes: the
super factors. Each set of factors is grouped under one dimension.

According to Eysenck, the three independent dimensions of personality are Psychoticism (P),
Extraversion (E), and Neuroticism (N), which is why it’s called the PEN model. In his view, these
three super factors are adequate descriptors of personality.

• Specific response: sp1, sp2, sp3

• Habitual response: H1, H2, H3
• Traits: T1, T2, T3

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Assignment Container Personality: Theories & Assessment (MPC-003)

Types of Reliability
Internal External
Extent to which a measure is consistent Extent to which a measure varies from one use
within itself to another
Test Retest
Measures the stability of a test over time
Parallel-Forms
Split-Half Method
The extent to which subject give similar ratings
Measures the extent to which all parts of
across two different measures that assess the
the test contribute equally to what is being
same thing
measured
Inter Rater
To the degree to which different raters give
consistent estimates of the same measure

• Validity
Validity refers to extent to which the test measures what it intends to measure. For example, when
an intelligent test is developed to assess the level of intelligence, it should assess the intelligence
of the person, not other factors. (376 Words)

Q. No. 5 Explain the classification of projective techniques. Discuss the strengths and
weaknesses of projective techniques.

Answer: Classification of Projective Techniques

The classification of projective techniques based upon the responses of the examinees, has been
provided by Lindzay. He has divided projective techniques into the following five categories

1. Associative techniques are techniques in which the respondent is presented with a

stimulus and asked to respond with the first word that comes to his/her mind. E.g. the
Rorschach test, the Holtzman Inkblot test and the Word Association test. The reaction time
and the responses are analyzed for studying personality.
2. Completion techniques are projective techniques that requires the respondents to
complete an incomplete stimulus situation, like, to complete sentences, or drawings. E.g.
Sack’s Sentence Completion test, Madeline Thomas Completion Stories test. Responses
given by the examinee are interpreted and analyzed to find some hidden aspect of the
personality.

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Assignment Container Personality: Theories & Assessment (MPC-003)

Q. No. 17 Guilford’s trait theory

Answer: As per Guilford’s, an individual personality is nothing but the individual’s unique pattern
of traits. Trait, for him, is any distinguishable, relatively enduring way in which one person differs
from another.

It is important to note that Personality is not the sum total of seven traits but rather a whole or
single entity which can be looked at from at least seven different angles. These seven traits are
Physiological traits, Morphological traits, needs, interests, attitudes, aptitudes, temperaments.
(77 Words)

Q. No. 18 Idiographic approach to personality

Answer: The term “idiographic” comes from the Greek word “idios” meaning “own” or “private”.
Psychologists interested in this aspect of experience want to discover what makes each of us
unique. Hence, in this approach, each individual is examined deeply and no general laws are
considered important, that are beyond the individual to be studied. (53 Words)

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