What is cyberspace definition?

It is the virtual and dynamic space created by

the machine clones. According to the cyberspace
definition, it is a web consisting of consumer
computers, electronics and communication
networks by which the consumer is connected to
the world.
Cyberspace VS Physical world
Cyber space Physical world
Dynamic, exponential Well – defined, static
and undefined and incremental
No fixed shape, rather
as vast as human
imagination

Cyber laws
It is important to note that since cyberspace
does not belong to the physical world, the
physical laws do not apply to the cyberspace
crime. A separate set of cyber laws are
formulated by the government.
 E - Commerce E – Government
Motivation Make profit Maximize social
utility, create e
– participation
Cost reduction of Cost reduction of
service delivery service delivery
Automation of Automation of
internal internal processes
processes
Objective Sale of products Optimization of
and services service quality to
citizens
Information Information
provision provision
Online customer Online services to
service citizens
Priority Safe & secure Minimize digital
transactions divide
Technology Internet, web Internet, web
based platforms, based platforms,
back office back office system
system
Decision centralized Dispersion of
making authority
authority
Target Customers, Any citizen
group potential
customers
legislation freedom Laws and
regulation and
complexity
Services Primarily Primarily
transactional informational
What are Actors?
A cyber threat actor is a person or a group in
an action or process that is characterized by
malice or hostile action using computers,
devices, systems or networks.
These groups aim to take advantage of
vulnerabilities, low cyber security awareness or
technological developments to gain unauthorized
access to information system in order to access
or otherwise affect victim’s data, devices,
system, and networks.
What does the cybernetics mean?
A broad field, which encompasses the study
systems which are mechanical, biological,
social, physical, or cognitive in nature.
Cyberspace: worldwide of computer networks that
uses the TCP/IP for communication to facilitate
the transmission of data.
Cyberpunk: mean something like anarchy via
machine or machine/ computer rebel movement.
Cyber warfare: means information warriors
unleashing vicious attacks against an
unsuspecting opponents computer networks,
wreaking havoc and paralyzing nations.
Cyber terrorism: use of disruptive activities or
the threat against computers and/ or networks,
with the intention to cause harm or further
social, ideological, religious, political or
similar objectives or to intimidate any person
in furtherance of such objective.
Distinction between conventional and cyber crime
Convectional crime: social and economic
phenomenon and as old as society. Legal wrong
which can be followed by criminal proceedings
and result in punishments.
Cyber Crime: where computer is subject or object
of crime. Unlawful act where computer is a tool
or target or both.
Threat: exploits a vulnerability and can damage
or destroy an asset.
Vulnerability: refers to a weakness in your
hardware, software or procedures.
Risk: refers to the potential for lost, damage
Reasons for cyber crime
1. Capacity to store data in comparatively
small space – the computer has unique
characteristics of storing data in a very
small space. This affords to remove or
derive information either through physical
or virtual medium makes it much easier.
2. Easy to access – the problem encountered in
guarding a computer system from
unauthorized access is that there is every
3. Complex –
4. Negligence –
5. Loss of evidence –