BERRY WORDS

Blackberry
INPUT: ‘berry’ (Noun) + ‘black’ (Adjective)
OUTPUT: ‘blackberry’ (Noun)
Compound word from group 1 (morpheme + morpheme)
Endocentric compound: Hyponymy relation ‘a type of…’
AS: The berry is black S V CS Copular construction
Blueberry
INPUT: ‘berry’ (Noun) + ‘blue’ (Adjective)
OUTPUT: ‘blueberry’ (Noun)
Compound word from group 1 (morpheme + morpheme)
Endocentric compound: Hyponymy relation ‘a type of…’
AS: The berry is blue S V CS Copular construction
Raspberry
INPUT: ‘berry’ (Noun) + ‘rasp’ (Adjective)
OUTPUT: ‘raspberry’ (Noun)
Morphs: ‘rasp’ ‘berry’
Morphemes: UNIQUE MORPHEME BERRY
Elderberry
INPUT: ‘elder’ (Adjective) + ‘berry’ (Noun)
OUTPUT: ‘elderberry’ (Noun)
Morphs: ‘elder’ ‘berry’
Morphemes: UNIQUE MORPHEME BERRY
Group 3
This word is more close to the group 3 than to the group 4 because
the relation ‘elder-old’ is not clear at all.
Gooseberry
INPUT: ‘berry’ (Noun) + ‘goose’ (Noun)
OUTPUT: ‘gooseberry’ (Noun)
Morphs: ‘goose’ ‘berry’
Morphemes: UNIQUE MORPHEME BERRY
A case of metonymy: texture of the feather of a goose. Animal for
part of the animal for texture (quality) of parts of the animals.
Bearberry:
INPUT: ‘berry’ (Noun) + ‘bear’ (Noun)
OUTPUT: ‘bearberry’ (Noun)
Morphs: ‘bear’ ‘berry’
Morphemes: UNIQUE MORPHEME BERRY
Group 3
If we understand ‘bearberry’ as the berries eaten by bears, it
would be from group 1.
Wolfberry
INPUT: ‘berry’ (Noun) + ‘wolf’ (Noun)
OUTPUT: ‘wolfberry’ (Noun)
Morphs: ‘wolf’ ‘berry’
Morphemes: UNIQUE MORPHEME BERRY
A case of metonymy: texture of the hair of a wolf. Animal for part
of the animal for texture (quality) of parts of the animals.
 SUMMARY OF BERRY WORDS

Blackberry
Blueberry The modifier is a colour
Silverberry + compositional

Winterberry Season
Bearberry Eaten by bears
Dogberry Type of tree
Teaberry Outcome
Boxberry Place/Metonymy
Youngberry Not referent to the age

Foxberry
Texture
Gooseberry

Cranberry
Loganberry Morpheme + unique morpheme

Youngberry
According to Bolinger, ‘young’ and ‘logan’ are not morphemes but
zero morphemes. (Zero morpheme is a way of preserving the deficit
of the morpheme even in the case where there is no overt
morphological marking).