Maths for ML

1. Consider the set of 4 vectors in R4 ;

v1 = (1; 1; 1; 0) ; v2 = (1; 1; 0; 1) ; v3 = (1; 1; 0; 3) ;

v4 = (1; 1; 1; k) :

For what value of k does this form a linearly dependent set?

2. Consider a map T : R2 ! R2 and think about the properties that

need to be satis…ed for T to be a linear mapping. Prove (directly from
these properties) whether the following maps are linear or not

T1 (x; y) = (y; x)
T2 (x; y) = (y; 3)
T3 (x; y) = (2y; 0)
T4 (x; y) = (xy; x y)

Note: In proving that a map is not linear, you only need to

show that any one property is not satis…ed.
For the maps that are linear, write down the corresponding 2 2 matrix
with respect to the standard basis for R2 :

3. Find the maximum likelihood estimators for the parameters and

of the normal density function

1 1
f (x) = p exp (x )2 :
2 2