IMPORTANT INSTRUCTION

 ALL THE PHYSICAL EDUCATION STUDENT’S (5th and 6th optional)

MUST BE WRITTEN THIS PRATICAL PROJECT. (this is CBSE
project)
 THERE IS THREE PRACTICAL ALL PRACTICAL ARE COMPULSORY.
 PRACTICAL-1: LABELLED DIAGRAM OF 400 M TRACK & FIELD
WITH COMPUTATIONS. (DRAW A GRAPH PAGE)
 PRACTICAL-2: DECRIBE CHANGING TRENDS IN SPORTS & GAMES
IN TERMS OF CHANGES IN PLAYING SURFACE, WEARABLE
GEARS, EQUIPMENT, TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS
WRITTEN EVERYTHIG IN THIS PDF.
 THERE IS OUT OF THREE GAME (Badminton, Table Tennis and
Tennis)
 STUDENT MUST BE CHOOSING ANY ONE GAME AND WRITTEN
EVERYTHIG IN THIS PDF.
 PRINT OUT A4 SIZE BLANK WRITING PAGE (15 to 20 pages) in
color FORMAT SENDS THIS PDF.
 GROUND MEASUREMENT OF THE GAME DRAWS A GRAPH
PAGE. (by hand)
 GAME SKILL IMAGE ONLY COLOUR PHOTO PRINTS OUT SENDS
THIS PDF.
 COLOUR A4 SIZE PRINT ALSO FRONT PAGE,
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT, DECLARATION, CERTIFICATE AND INDEX
ALSO SENDS THIS PDF.
 AFTER FINISH THE PROJECT STUDENTS ALSO USE A STICK FILE
AND SUBMIT YOUR PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHER.
VIKASH RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL,
BARGARH

AISSCE 2022-2023
PHYSICAL EDUCATION (048) PROJECT

Submitted by-
Class-XI Science & Commerce
Sec-
Roll No-
Guided by-
Vikash Residential School, Bargarh
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I went to express my deep sense of gratitude to my esteemed teachers
of Physical Education department Mr. Bijay Sarkar Mr. Pintu Saha and
Mr. Feroz Khan Without their scholarly guidance and judicious
suggestions, it would not have been possible on my part to complete
this project in time.

I am also thankful to Shri Sisir Prasad Raulo, Principal, Vikash

Residential School, Bargarh who helped me with his most valuble
suggestions to complete his project with utmost confidence.

I am thankful to Shri C.R.Pati, Vice Principal, Vikash Residential School

and all m teachers of Vikash Residential School, Bargarh without their
help it would not have been fruitful on my part to collect all the
relevant facts and figures of the project. They helped me in my
collection of data and the required information for this project.

I am thankful to my parents and my classmates for their help, guidance

and co-operation for the completion of this project work.

_____________________

STD-XI SCINCE & COMMERCE

VIKASH RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL

BARGARH

ROLL NO__________________
 DECLARATION

I_________________________________________________, a
Student of Std: XI of Vikash Residential School, Bargarh , Odisha hereby
declare that this project work executed under the guidance of our faculty of
Physical Education Department is completed personally by me to the best
of my knowledge and belief.

___________________________

ROLL NO:__________________

XI SCIENCE/COMMERCE

VIKASH RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL

BARGARH
 VIKASH RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL
Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi, Affiliation No: 1530084, School No: 53022
Vikash Enclave, Barahaguda Canal Chowk, Bargarh

PGT Physical Education

Vikash Residential School, Bargarh

CERTIFICATE
This to certify that this piece of work title
______________________________________ is being prepared and
submitted by ___________________________ for the partial fulfillment
of physical education practical examination for AISSCE-2022-2023 for
Std-XI under my guidance and supervision.

INTERNAL PRICNCIPAL
-----------------------------------INDEX--------------------------------
S.N0. GAMES/EVENTS PAGE DATE REMARKS
 PRACTICAL-1
400 M TRACK & FIELD
 3
Badminton
1. HISTORY
Badminton is a very popular racket game played by all categories
of male and female in the singles and doubles group. It was played in
the royal courts of England till 1873. It was inspired by an Indian
game Poona'. It spread rapidly with publication of its ules by
Colonel Selby' in 1867. The English Badminton Federation was
founded in 1893 and it conducted first All England Championship in
1899 (one of the most prestigious tournaments in the international
circuit). The Thomas Cup (for men) and Uber Cup (for women), two
other famous tournaments were started in 1948 and 1956 respectively.
The Badminton World Federation (BWF) was formed in 1934.
Badminton is very popular in south-east Asia. In 1962 Asian Games, it PAINTING OF POONA
was firstly included at Jakarta. Thailand and Malaysia have produced
many top players. The World Championship is being held after every two years since 1977. Badminton became an
Olympic Game in 1992 at Barcelona. Badminton Association of India (BA) regulates the team selection, training and
coaching to Indian players. India has also produced many good players like Prakash Padukone, Aparna Popat, Pullela
Gopichand, Syed Modi and Saina Nehwal.
2. LATEST RULES OF THE GAME
()In this game, the player hits the shuttlecock back and forth over the net with a racket.
(ii) Badminton is played in singles, doubles and mixed doubles.
(ii) There are two ways to win a rally, getting the shuttlecock to hit the opponent's side court or forcing opponent
to commit a fault.
(iv) A fault occurs when the shuttlecock is hit out of bounds, touches the court, does not go over the net, touches a
his clothes, infringement of rules, etc.
player or
(v) A game consists of 21 points continuous scoring, in the best of three games (all categories according to new
rules).
(vi) In case of tie at 20th point, the difference of two points will be considered for deciding game.
(vii) Continuous point scoring is followed according to new rules; the player who is serving if loses the rally, then
he will lose the right to serve as well as one point.
(vit) The points are told as 'Love Alr in the beginning. In singles game, all even points services are done from right side
of the half court and all odd points services are done from left side of own court.
(ix) Change of sides are done after each game and also on the 11th point in the final game.
own halt
Singles Game In singles
game one in each half
player and covers the
plays single
court area
of
cOurt by hitting the shuttle over the net. He performs all the even points services from the right side of the court to
 All odd points performed from the left side of the
services are
side of opponents court like 0, 2, 4, 6, . . .

court afterward
the right same side in opponent's
that shuttle should land to the
court. The service is performed diagonally so
Usually a long and high
is as long as he is gaining points.
given
A continuous service
rally can go in singles court area.

service is performed in singles. the game with

Game: In doubles a team two players each
of plays against the other. They begin
game
the same side player in opponent's court
Doubles
side of the court, which is to be lifted only by
the service from the right service from other side of
own half court. It
if wins the rally then rotates the sides for next
A team who is serving, one player can
service in each team
they are gaining points. Only
is to be performed by the same player long
as as
and short service. Team gets advantage if
rules. The of doubles game is to perform low
according to new strategy more chance of attacking while
and back to get
attacking game. Good combination of team rotates front
they play
defensive game is played by side-to-side area.

3. PLAYING FIELD AND EQUIPMENT

Badminton Court
.76 m (2/2) 1.55 m (5.1)
Sideline Doubles ses

46m (1) 1.98m(6'6") Sideline Singles

3.96 m(13)
Half Line

2m 13.40 m (44') 2m
Singles
service
Single playing
area
for even Head
poins
String
23 cm
29 cm

65 mm Shaft
Doubles Doubles
service
playing area
area
25 mm

Handle
SHUTTLE
RACKET

Tips to Remember
13-40 m (44 Feet x 17 Feet) including lines
x 5-18 m
(i) Size of Badminton Court (Singles)
=

13-40 m x 6-10 m (44 Feet x 20 Feet) including lines

(ii) Size of Badminton Court (Doubles)
=

(ii) Height of Poles =1:55 m (5 Feet 1 inch) over sideline for Doubles
=1-52 m (5 Feet)
(iv) Height of Net at Centre =4.74 g to 5 50 g with 16 feathers
(v) Weight of Shuttlecock
(vi) Width of Lines =4 cm as part of court
=21 point game in best of three for all categories
(vii) No. of Points in Game
= At 20 all the difference of two points is considered
(viii) Deuce
(ix) Racket =68 long and 23 cm wide head
cm

=1 Umpire, 1 Service Umpire, 4 to 8 Linesmen, 1 Match Referee

(x) Officials
=2 metres on all sides of court
(xi) Free Space
4. TERMINOLOGY
Side-Gallery : It is the side area between two sidelines of singles and doubles court. This area used in doubles
also known as side alley.
court is
Back-Gallery : It is the back area of the court where long service is considered out during doubles game also known as
is between two long service lines at the back of court.
hack alley. This
area

When shutle is hit twice in a continuous action, it is a fault.

Double-Hir:
Foot-Fault: During service both the feet should be stationary, otherwise, it is a fault.
Rally It is the continuous return of strokes by both the players over the net.
Net-Touch A player is not supposed to touch any part of the body (including racket) to net during rally.
Scoring: According to new rules (in March 2006) all categories of singles and doubles are played with the
21 points game in the best of three games. The scoring is in continuous points to both players on each service, if they gain

a point.
Service: It is delivery of the shuttle to opponent court to begin the rally.
Service-Fault: Service is illegal, if it is delivered from above the waist level; both feet not stationary at the time of
delivery; delivered from wrong side of court; wrong player delivers the service.
Game-Point: It is the last point in the game by which game winner is decided.
Match-Point: It is the last point in the deciding game by which the match winner is decided.
Service-Court-Error : Ifa player delivers the service from wrong side of the court then it is given to opponent
Forehand: It is playing the strokes from the right side of the body (for right handed player).
Backhand: It is playing the strokes from the left side of the body (for right handed player)
Testing-Mark: A special mark over the sideline of doubles court to check the flight of the shuttlecock. If shuttle
lands within this mark then it is correct shuttlecock. It must be hit hard from long service line for singles from the
opposite side of court between the testing marks.
Let: It is redelivery of the same point. It is called by Umpire due to unforeseen situations like, Umpire is unable to
see the landing of shuttle ; fault at both sides of the players simultaneously; if receiver is not ready; shutle breaks
during rally ; lighting goes during rally; interruption or object fall during rally shuttle hangs over the top of net.
Waist-Fault: During service the shuttle has to be delivered below the waist level. Otherwise, waist fault is given
if service is delivered above the waist level.
Footwork: It is a specialised stepping performed by the player by which he covers whole court. A good player
uSually covers all sides of the court in one step from the centre.
Long-Service A variation of service in which a high and long service is delivered in opponent court close to end
line. It is usually performed in singles game.
Short-Service : A variation of service in which a slow service is delivered which lands just close to short service
line. It should be as low as possible, i.e., just touching the net. It is usually performed in doubles game.
Reverse Hand Service : A player delivers the service with backhand close to the body. It is usually performed by
good players.
Net-Drop: A drop which is placed from close to net in the opponent side. It makes inverted U' shape. It is also
known as hairpin drop.
Drive: A variation of forehand stroke in which shutle is hit hard but at low height.
Post: The net post over which net hangs dividing both sides equally. It is just over the sideline of doubles. The
neight is 5 feet 1 inch (1.55 m).
Net A mashed cloth which separates the two half sides of the court. The mash size should be so that shuttle
shou not pass through it. It is tightened over the net posts. The height of net at centre is 5 feet (1.52 m).
IOuld

Bird Another name of the shuttle.

 Carn An illegal shot wlere shuttle docs not rebound
properly. It does not rebound
at the tine of contact. immediately off the racket

Cross-Cout : A shot in whiich shuttle crosses the net in a diagonal direction.

Server: A player
wlho puts shuttle into play to
begin the rally.
Recener: A player who receives the service.
Deuce When score is at 20 all on both sides or when score equals at 20th point.
First Hand Player perforning first service in doubles (now not used).
Second Hand Player performing second service in doubles (now not used).
Drop: An offensive stroke hit from deep end which lands close to net.
Love-Al It is the way of scoring in the beginning, i.e., the score is nil at both sides.
Height of Ceiling: Badminton is an indoor game for which minimum height of the ceiling should be 30
feet.
Hawaoo-Courn: Artificially made non-slippery (synthetic) surface used for playing badminton.
Dutics of mpre To check the condition of playing surface and arrange linesman over different
call both lines. To
players or teams for the toss and start the
game. To call out scoring after each point. To give decisions
per rules on
conflicting points. To declare in
as
or out on crucial
point with assistance from linesman. To check the
flight of shuttle in case of dispute
over the flight of shuttle. To observe foot
fault, service fault, wrong service
court, net touch, over the net, etc. and
give decision accordingly. To give break for cleaning sweat. To check the
spectator's shouts. He sits over high bench to observe the match carefully.
Duties of Service Umpire To check the service fault of the serving player, like waist fault, foot
cut, service court error. He changes the shuttle on fault, line
demand of player, he makes the
sweat falling over the court. He observes cleaning of surface in case of
the need of break for
cleaning sweat from racket. He assists Match
Umpire in taking decision. Service Umpire sits opposite to Match at normal Umpire height.
5. FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS OF BADMINTON
Service (ligh) To begin a rally, service is done from half side of
the court to the
must be hit below the waist level so that it should diagonally opponent's court. It
Service Forehand Service Backhand
reach the end of the opponent's court. This
service forces the opponent to go at the back of
the court. There are many variations of services
like short service, drive service, reverse hand
service, flick service, etc.

Underhand Lift or Forehand-LajlThis is the basic defensive skill to lift the

shuttle in opponent's court. It isperformed with forehand push of the racket. Various
strokes of play be
net
can
performed in underhand-lift like high lift, drive lift, flat lift,
drop, cross court flick, etc.

Backhand-Lifi: t is again a defensive skill to clear the shuttle. It is

taken with reverse hand push of racket. This may be net drop or flat push or
high lift.
 It is taken with
Clear or : This is an offensive as well as defensive stroke.
Toss Clear
to hit the shuttle hard so that shuttle goes deep and back in
verhead swing of the racket
over
the both sides of the court
he
the
0Dponent's court. It may be high clear or low clear, over
s side.
opponent
in
Smash: This is an offensive stroke to stop the rally at once. In this, shuttle is
the opponent to return.
nowerfully hit in downward direction and gives no chance to
Smash
swing of hand just over the head. Shuttle goes steep down in
Shutle is hit with very fast
opponent s court.

Half-Smash: This is an offensive skill in which shuttle travels very fast in own half
in opponent side. It is a combination of smash and drop as
cOurt but lands close
to net

racket is just tilted before the hit which gives spin to the shuttle.
the net and lands
Drop: This is slow push to the shuttle so that it just crosses
Net-drop
near the net in opponent's court. It is taken from deep position and shuttle is contacted
at overhead swing of racket.
Net Drop : It is returning a close drop by placing the shuttle close to net in

opponent's court.

TapIt is returning a rising shuttle close to net by stepping ahead

(close to net) and placing the racket in the path of shuttle. Thus, shuttle Clear

lands close to net in opponent's court. Drop

Flat-Return: It is returning the coming shuttle with force, just at the

height of net. This skill is also termed as drive. This offensive skill is used Smash

mostly in doubles game.

6. IMPORTANT TOURNAMENTS, VENUES AND PERSONALITIES

(a) Important Tournaments: Thomas Cup, Uber Cup, All England Championship, Asian Championship,
World Championship, IBF Meet, Olympic Games, National Games, Syed Modi Championship. Tunku Abdul
Rehman Cup.
(b) Important Venues Indira Gandhi Stadium (New Delhi), Prakash Padukone Centre (Bengaluru), Hans Raj
Stadium (Jalandhar), SAI Stadium Sports Complex (Chandigarh), NIS Badminton Hall (Patiala, Gandhi
Nagar, Bengaluru), Sports Centre (Lucknow).
(c) Arjuna Award Winners: Nandu Natekar (1961), Km Meena Shah (1962), Dinesh Khanna (1965), Suresh
Goel (1967), Dipu Ghosh (1968), D.V. Tambay (1970), Km Shobha Moorthy (1971), Km J. Srinivasm
(1972), Prakash Padukone (1972), A.Karim, Raman Ghosh (1974), Davinder Ahuja, L.A. Iqbal (1975), Km
Ami Ghia (1976), A.S.C. Dass (1976), Kanwal Thakur Singh (1977), Syed Modi (1980), Partho Ganguli
Km Madhumita Bisht (1982), D. Rajaraman (1984), Rajiv Bagga (1991), Pullela Gopichand (2000)., George
Thomas (1999), Ramesh Tikaram (2002), MudusuS. Rao (2003), Abhinn Shyam Gupta (2004), Km Aparna
Popat (2005), B. Chetan Anand, Rohit Bhaskar (2006), Anup Sridhar (2007), Saina Nehwal, Parul
D. Parmar (2009), Jwala Gutta (2011), Ashwini Ponnappa, P. Kashyap (2012). P.V. Sindhu (2013),
V.Diju (2014), Kidambi Srikanth (2015).
(d) Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award Winners Gopichand. Saina Nehwal, P.V. Sindhu
Pullela

(e) Dronacharya Award Winners S. M. Arif, Pullela Gopichand.

(terational Personalities Susi Susanti, Joko Suprianto, Allan Budikusuma (Indonesia), Zhang Ning, Gao
Kim Moon-soo (S. Korea), Lee
Ling, Gong Ruina, Lin Dan Chen Long, Yu Yang (China), Park Joo-bong,
Chong Wie (Malesia), Carolina Marin (Spain), Jan O Jorgensen (Denmark).
SKILLS OF BADMINTON
 8
Table Tennis
1. HISTORY
Table tennis is a fast racket game. It is
played with light ball on the smallest
game surface known as Tuble. This game was invented in Britain around
1880.
It took its current form in 1900 with the
celluloid balls. The sound balls made,
when these bounces
inspired the name "ping pong and it later became as table
tennis. The htermational Table Tennis Federation
(1TTF) was formed in Berlin
in 1926. The first
World Championship took place in the same
year. The
Hungarians. Czechs. Swedish and the English dominated this game until the 1950s:
today Japanese and Chinese have taken over its dominance. Women's table tennis
has been dominated
exclusively by Chinese. Table tennis became an Olymnpic sport
in Seoul
(1988). It is a popular indoor game played over a
specified table. This
game is also very popular in urban India. In India table tennis is
Tennis Federation of lndia (TTF1). India has hosted
regulated by Table Painting of Ping Pong
World Championship in 1951.
1984. 1986. The new rules of
game were introduced in 2001 to increase the pace of
game.
2. LATEST RULES OF THE GAME
) Choice of Side or

Service: The choice of side or service is done by tossing the coin or spin of the paddle. The
winner of toss has the first option whereas loser of toss has the other option.
(i) Service Rules: Service is performed to begin the rally where ball has to be returned after
two bounce across
the net (one bounce to own side of table and other
bounce on opponent side of the table across the
ball has to be tossed-up (with net). During service
open palm) without foot-fault. Let service Is re-delivered, if ball
of the net and lands touches the top edge
correctly. Two consecutive services are done in a row by player (for two
service opponent points). For wrong
gains the point.
( ) Change of Service: A player has to deliver two successive services on
two points, afterward the opponent
gets the right to serve from other side of the table. After the end of each game the sides are
changed.
(v) Rally or Return Service: A rally is exchange of strokes after service. A
of

across the net legally after one bounce on his side of table.
player has to return the ball
Player pressurises opponent to commit mistake or unable
to return
legally. Player wlho wins the rally gains a point.
(v) Game and Match: A 'game consists of 11 points. The player who reaches at 11 points first, wins the
(with difference of two points). In most of tournaments. a match is game
played for "best of five games for men and bes
of three games' for women.
(vE) T i e

Rule:
If there is tie of score on last point, i.e., '10-all ponis then service changes at each point until
difference of two points. This is also termed as Deuce'.
 vi) Doubles Rules: The objective is sane in doubles game. During service, the player performs the service diagonally
so that
CrOss
s the net (over the cenre line) to both the players alternately by changing sides. In doubles. service rotates
receives then in turn. In rally, the team must hit the ball alternately, no matter where it lands on
h plaver serves and
the t a b l e .

3, TABLE AND EQUIPMENT

PADDLE TABLE
Blade 85% wood Smooth Table is dark and matt for good ball visibility
Pips-out Pips-in

O
Cover options depending on
player's style of play and glued
Width
1.53m
Service
Net width
1.83 m

Length
2.74 m
minutes before the match
for best results
Covering rubber
3.5 mm maximum

76 cm
BALL
Lightweight plastic materal

SERVICE Diagonal
Ball must first service in
doubles
40 mm bounce on the server's
Weight
side of the table then
2.7 9 cross the net to bounce
on the opponent's side

Tips to Remember
(i) Size of Table 2-74 m (9 feet) x 1 52 m (5 feet) plane surface

(i) Height of Table 76 cm (2/, feet) above floor surface

(ii) Net Size 83 m (6 feet) length and 15 2 em (high from table)
(iv) Weight of Bal 2-7 g with 40 mn dianmeter

(V) Colour of Bal White or orange (made of Celluloid)

(vi) Colour of Table Blue or green (Wood/Cardboard)
(vii) Bat (Paddle) Circular shape of 20 cm diameter maximum

(viir) Officials Match Unpire, Assistant Unmpire, Tournament Referee

4. TERMINOLOGY
Foot-Fault: The server during service should not change position of feet.
L
Let-Service It is given when service touches the top edge of net. t is delivered again.
ossing the ball has be tossed-up (with
the Ball During service to open palm). otherwise, service fault is given.
 Service-Change : A player performs two successive services in a row to the
gets the chance to do the same,
opponent. Afterwards, opponent
no matter who wins the
point.
Wrong-Side Service : In doubles game, the service is
done
returns both the
diagonally in opponent side and same opponent
services.
Chop: lt is a kind of stroke in which ball has little bounce after it touches the table, i.e.. low bounce
opponent table. in

Spin : A stroke in which ball rotates after it has been hit by

player over opponent's table after bounce. player's bat, i.e., ball rotates as per the desire by
Deuce:It is the
scoring in a specific rule when score is 10 all both sides.
Point: A rally in which a score has
resulted.
Rally: Counter-attack of strokes during which ball is in
play.
Racket-Hand The hand in which bat or
paddle is
being carried.
Freehand: The hand other than that
bat-carrying which is used during service.
A Game A game is won
by a
player which reaches the score of 11 points first (with lead
case of deuce at 10 all). of two points in
A Match : A match winner is one who coins at least two or three games in the series of 3 to 5 ganmes.
5. FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS OF TABLE TENNIS
Grips: There are generally two types of grips used in table tennis Orthodor
used) and pen-hold grip (mainly used by Chinese and grip or shake hand (commonly
Japanese).
Services:
Chopped service, side spin service, flat service, backhand spin service.
Strokes: Defensive strokes (Chopping forehand,
Chop backhand, Flat return, Block, Balloon return, Lift return).
Attacking strokes (Topspin hit, Backspin hit, Side spin hit, Loop topspin, Flat hit forehand. Flat hit backhand.
Chop attack forehand, Chop attack backhand).
 Sidespin : In this the server spins the ball with the slant edge of the bat (paddle). This makes the ball to spin
sideward after bounce.

Topspin: In this spin, the ball accelerates fast after bounce and propels the opponent to play defensive stroke.
Backspin: In this spin, the bat (paddle) hits the ball in such a way that it travels far. The bounce is low and
slow.
Counter-Altack : It is a powerful stroke in return of good stroke.
6. IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES AND TOURNAMENTS
Farouk
(a) Arjuna Award Winners : J.C. Vohra (1961), G.R. Deewan (1964), Km Usha Sundararaj (1966),
R. Khodaiji (1967), Mir Kasim Ali (1969), G. Jagannath (1970), Km Kaity
Farouk Khodaiji (1971), N.R. Bajaj
Dua (1981), V. Chandrasekhar (1982), K.N.
(1973), Km Shailja Solanki (1976), Km Indu Puri (1980), Manjit
Shah (1989), M.S. Walia (1990), S. Raman
Mehta (1985), Km Monalisa Baruah Mehta (1987), Km Niyati
Achanta S. Kamal (2005), Soumyadeep Roy (2005), Subhajit Saha
(1999), C. Baboor (2001), Mantu Ghosh (2002),
(2006), Paulomi Ghatak (2009), Mouma Das (2013).
(b) International Personalities Jan-Ove
Waldner (SWE), Ding Ning, Li Ju, Lin Ling, Wang Tao, Kong
Linghui, Zhang Yining (CHN). ITTF
Games, Asian Games, World Championship, Grand League,
(c) Important Tournaments : Olympic
ranking, National Games.
SKILLS OF TABLE TENNIS
 1. HISTORY
Tennis
Tennis is a racket game in which two
players or two teams (two
players each) send the ball over net in such a way that the
it difficult to return opponent finds
legally. Modern tennis has its roots in the old
French game of "Paume', for which the rules
were written
by Walter
Clopton Wingfield (French) in 1874. The first
at Wimbledon, in 1877 and championship took place
the first International
held in the United States in Championships were
1881, in Australia in 1905 and in France in
1925. Tennis was a part of the first
but it was withdrawn from the
Olympic Games in Athens in 1896
1988. The tennis governing
Olympics after 1924 but restarted in
body, International Tennis Federation
(1TF), was formed in 1977. Tennis is
played in most countries and
players range from6 years child to veteran of over 80 years. The
is played in men game
singles, women singles, men doubles, women doubles
and mixed doubles. Painting of First Wimbledon Championship
Today it is one of the most sophisticated games played both at amateur and
in tennis is to hit the ball across the
net into the
professional levels. The main objective
opponent'
points are scored by the players which lead to the winning of
s court so that
opponent is unable to return the ball.
This is how
games, sets and match. Tennis in
India Tennis Association (AITA) formed in 1920. India is regulated by All
India has produced many
had won Olympic silver in 1996 at Atlanta. good players in this game. Leander Paes
Mahesh Bhupathi and Leander Paes duo
in doubles, they had won (doubles pair) is world ranked
many grand slams in doubles (men and Saniamixed). Mirza and Somdev Devvarman
are
upcoming players. India has achieved good status in tennis.
2. LATEST RULES OF THE GAME
() Choice Service: The choice of the court
of Side or

that each player will occupy first and who will

chosen by toss. serve first are

() Service
Rules : A player has to deliver the service behind the baseline. It
should be served
opponent's service court (same side) without touching top of net.diagonally
net.It should land correctly in across the
serve is let' which should be Net touched
replayed. Server has two chances to deliver the correct service (fault' or 'onecorrect
otherwise loss of point. In the miss')
beginning of each game, it is delivered from right side of court.
(ii) Return of Service To return the
service, the receiver strikes the ball after one bounce over the net and
boundaries of opponent court. within the
(iv) During Rally : After the service has been correctly returned, the
player may volley the ball (direct hit
bounce) or hit it after its first bounce and the points continue until without
one player fails to make correct
return
() Point Awarded: Point is awarded
if player fails
hit the ball over the net, hits the ball outside the
to
boundaries or fails to hit it before it strikes the ground second time on his side of the net. opponent's
 ) Win of Gameand Scoring : To win a game, player must win four points and by margin of two. The scoring goes
like '15, 0, 40 (Zero is referred to as love'). The server score is called uponfirst.
v) Deuce and End of Game : If both players reach 40 all', the score is said to be 'deuce'. The game continues
until a player achieves first 'advantage' and then 'game', i.e.,two point margin for 'game'.
v To Win Set : As points make-up a game, games make-up a set, and sets make-up a match. The player who
wins six games traditionally wins the set (although a two game margin is again required). A player who wins
five games cannot win the set before 7-5' (set score).
(u) Tie-Break : It is usualy played at six games all, i.e., '6 all' (set score). The tie breaker consists of an odd
munber of points with two point margin required. But in 12 points tie breaker the first player to reach 7 points
with margin of two; wins the tie breaker game and the set, *7-6.
) Match: 1n most of the tournaments, match is played with best-of-three sets' for men and women. In few
tournaments men play with best-of-five-sets.
Doubles- Match Rules : The samebasic principles of play and scoring applyto doubles. Service alternates
berween two opposing teams. The receiver receives the service on alternate points for that game.

3. PLAYING FIELD AND EQUIPMENTS

Server
TENNIS COURT Area of play
TENNIS SINGLE TENNIS DOUBLES
COURT COURT

Server's Partne Singles Playing

Area
Doubles Servioe
Net (.91m at centre) Area

Douoes Mayng

NetPost/(1.06 m Area
Singles Service
Area

Service Line (8.2 m)

Feceiver's Partner
Receiver

Baseline Gm

Tipsto Remember:
Dimensions of Court= Singles: 23-77 m (78 feet) x 8-20 m (27 feet)
Doubles: 23 77 m (78 feet) x 11 m (36 feet)
Service Line =
6-4 m (21 feet) from net (including width of lines)
Height of Poles 1-06 m (3 feet 6 inch)
Height of Net 91 m (3 feet) at centre
Weight of Ball 57 g t 1g(2 ounce) made of rubber
Diameter of Ball 6:3 cm (2/, inch)
Racket 78 cm (30 inch) long and 31 cm (12/ inch) wide
Width of Lines 5 cm (except baseline, 7 cm)
Officials I Umpire, 1 Match Referee, 4 to 8 Linesmen, 1 to 4 Ballboys
4. TERMINOLOGY
In the game of tennis, points are told as 15, 30, 40 and game.
Scoring : has to take two
tied 40 all on both sides, then it is said as 'deuce. In this the player
Deuce: 1f the points are at

successive points to win the game.

In each game, one player performs all the services. It is the delivery of ball to begin rally. It is done
Service:
diagonally in opponent court. Maximum two chances are given for delivery of service.
Set: It is a series of games. The winner of 6 games wins the set.

Advantage: The first player who wins a point after deuce is also known as 'Ad'.
Foot-Fault: The server shall not touch the base line while both the feet should be on ground.
Ace: The service which is unreturned by opponent.
Let: Service is considered let if it touches the net, strap or band whereas it lands correct or receiver is not ready.
Order of Service The server of first game shall receive all services in the next game and so on.
Change of Ends: Except in the first game, the player changes the ends after every two games.
Number of Sets: For men there are best of five sets and for women there are best of three sets.
Surface of Court: Court can be laid down over various surfaces like clay, grass, conerete (cemented), synthetic
or rubber pasted.
Backspun: In a stroke variation where ball spins back and it has slow speed after the bounce.
Break: When opponent wins the game in which he is receiving the services.
Topspin: A variation of stroke in which ball spins in forward direction. The ball goes high and speedily after the
bounce.
Stice: A stroke of volley in which direct coming ball is played near the net and it lands close to net in opponent's
Court.
Cross-Court: A stroke in which ball goes diagonally in opponent's court.
Down the
: A shot in which ball lands close to the sideline.
Line
Drive: A powerful ground-stroke hit with extra force.
Error If player does a mistake during game.
Overhead A shot which is hit above the head high
:
coming ball.
Set-Point: The last point to win the set.
Match-Point: The last point to win the match.
Tie-Break When the score is six all on both sides then tie-break is
played.
5. FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS OF TENNIS
Serve: This is the stroke that starts play. The server stands
behind the baseline and has two tries to send the ball into
the diagonally
opposite service court. The first serve in the match is made from the right side of the court and the players
then change sides after each
point.
Ground Stroke : They are
usually played from the baseline. It is used during rallies to provide a powertul and
accurate attack. It can be
played forehand or backhand.
Ground Stroka roun
 Volley: These strokes are made betore the ball touches the ground. Volleys are usually made from close to the

Half volley is played to low coming ball betore it bounces.

Lob
Volley Smash

ANZ

Lob: It is stroke in which the ball is sent high and far so that it bounces close to the baseline. It should be hit

passover the opponent beyond his reach. It is usually played when opponent is close to net.
Surficiently high to

Smash: This powerful overhead stroke is in response to a lob and leaves little opportunity to respond.

Grip: There are many variations of grips. like continental, western and two-handed grip (manually used for
hackhand strokes).

6. IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES, TOURNAMENTS AND VENUESs

(a) Arjuna Award Winnerss R. Krishnan (1961), Naresh Kumar (1962), Jaidip Mukerjea (1966), Premjit Lall
1967). Vijay Amriraj (1974). Ramesh Krishnan (1978), Km Nirupama Mankad (1979). Anand Amritraj
(1984). Leander Paes (1998). Mahesh Bhupathi (1995), G.N. Natekar (1996), Asif Ismail (1997), Akhtar
Ali (2000), Sandeep Kirtane (2001), Sania Mirza (2004), Somdev Devvarman (2011).

(b) Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award Winners: Leander Paes (1999).
(c) International Personalities Sampras, Serena Williams, Venus Williams (USA), Boris
: Andre Agassi, Pete
Martina Navratilova (CZE), Ivan Lendl (CZE), Pat Cash
Becker, Steffi Graf (GER), Martina Hingis,
R. Federer (Switzerland).
(AUS). R. Nadal (Spain), M. Sharapova (Russia),
(d) Important Tournaments Olympic Games, Wimbledon, French Open, US Open, Australian Open,
Davis Cup. Gold (ranking).
Cup, ATP
Stadium (Germany), St. Lucie Stadium, Paris
(e) Important Stadiums: Wimbledon (England), Hamburg
CLTA Stadium (Chandigarh), Gandhi Ground (Amritsar),
Stadium (France). DLTA Stadium (N. Delhi),
Stadium (Hyderabad), R.K. Khanna Stadium (Chennai).
Jasowal Tennis Academy (Ludhiana), HLTA
SKILLS OF TENNIS