UNIT 5: Inventions

5A. Pronunciation
• Stress in three-syllable nouns
I. Write the three-syllable nouns below in the correct part, according to the stress pattern.
invention scientist designer decision engineer
century computer advantage submarine memory
convenience internet absentee appliance benefit
mechanic instruction equipment maintenance livelihood
Ooo oOo ooO

II. Read the following sentences. Underline the three-syllable nouns. Put a mark (') before the stressed
syllable.
1. The computer is certainly one of the greatest inventions.
2. I’ve used my laptop for researching topics on the Internet and typing my assignments.
3. A digital camera has a lot of benefits and it is also portable.
4. Those scientists had brilliant ideas for the invention of new medicines.
5. Customers should read the instructions before using the appliance.
6. The maintenance engineers have always satisfied the needs of customers.

5 B. Vocabulary
• Words and phrases related to inventions
I. Match the verbs (1-5) to human achievements (A-F), and write the answer in each blank. There is an
extra achievement.
1. discover ______ A. a gold medal / the world cup / a Nobel prize
2. invent / develop ______ B. money for / to charity
3. raise / donate ______ C. a planet / a cure for a disease
4. win ______ D. the winner / the priority / the name
5. decide on ______ E. great speeches
______ F. a machine / theory / system
II. Complete the sentences with the words given.
device inventor convenient book educational
economical processor generous communication inventions
1. My dad offered to buy me a new laptop, which was very _____________ of him.
2. We have a very _____________ air-conditioning system, and we don’t pay much money.
3. There were displays of new _____________ in the exhibition halls.
4. Marconi was the _____________ of the radio.
5. Satellites are used to develop global _____________ .
6. The iPad is a mobile computing _____________ , not a computer.
7. It is cheaper if you _____________ your train tickets in advance.
8. The school offers a wide range of _____________ and sporting activities.
9. This is a safe and _____________ way to dispose of chemicals.
10. With suitable software you can use your computer as a word _____________ .
III. Complete the sentences with the words given.
invention device effective sources tool
inspiration robots numerous operation intelligence
1. Our country’s success is a source of _____________ for many developing nations.
2. Nature always provides great _____________ of ideas for our inventions.
3. Do you agree that necessity is the mother of _____________ ? When we have a problem, we’ll try to think
of a solution to it.
4. The computer is now a very important _____________ for our study.
5. This _____________ enables deaf people to communicate by typing messages instead of speaking.
6. He has won _____________ awards for the invention.
7. John showed high _____________ from an early age.
8. _____________ fulfil many dull and tedious jobs on the production line.
9. The company launched a(n) _____________ advertising campaign on a new version of electric cars.
10. The device has a single button, allowing for easy _____________ .
IV. Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions.
1. A team of engineers are testing turbines that can turn tides _____________ usable energy.
2. That type of alternative energy is a good choice _____________ our project.
3. Everyone has something to contribute _____________ life.
4. That fabric is useful _____________ protecting workers in hard conditions.
5. The idea _____________ the machine came _____________ his observation of the animals’ behaviour.
6. His main means _____________ communicating _____________ the rest of the world is a laptop.
7. He’s looking forward to getting the benefits _____________ all his hard work.
8. Many patients are dependent _____________ the discovery of antibiotics.
9. Parents sometimes find it difficult to communicate _____________ their teenage children.
10. We’re still trying to decide _____________ the venue of the introductory ceremony of the new products.
V. Fill in each blank of the passage with the correct word/phrase below.
due to transitions glass handle inspired
factor necessity manufacture ride aspects
Flying cars
Most of you might have seen some movies like “The Fifth Element”, read any books or even heard it from
someone about flying cars. The 1_____________ of a flying car, or more appropriately said “readable
aircrafts”, needs a heavy attention on both of the 2_____________ that it has to run on a standard road as well
as fly in the sky without a smallest problem and with fewer number of 3_____________ from a car to an
aircraft.
The factors that 4_____________ most of the people and automotive companies to think about the concept
of a car which can fly too, came firstly from the original Flying Car, Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, which was used
as a movie and stage prop. Chitty Chitty Bang Bang’s Flying car version mainly caught the attention due to its
toughness 5_____________ . It was built strong enough to 6_____________ dirt roads, cobblestone streets and
could jump off a couple of stairs too!
The features included in a fully working flying car are well enough
to take care of both air and street 7_____________ . Special tires are
being used for the car 8_____________ their ultra-lightness which
will not weigh down the aircraft. Panes made of poly-carbonate
material are used instead of heavy 9_____________ windows giving
the car a relief in its weight and shatterproof strength.
One may say that the flying car is going to be a luxury rather than
being a 10________________.

VI. Use the correct form of the words in brackets to finish the sentences.
1. In 2019, the International Telecommunications Union specified a set of ___________ for the fifth generation
(4G) standards, (require)
2. Apple’s new iPad Pro is aimed at enterprises as a(n) ___________ for computers, (replace)
3. Apple iPad succeeded in capturing the public’s ___________, and started a new trend, (imagine)
4. When scientists discovered genetic engineering, they considered it their greatest ___________. (achieve)
5. Hybrid cars are better for the environment than ___________ cars, (tradition)
6. Edison said, “Genius is one percent ___________ and ninety-nine percent ___________!” (inspire -
perspire)
7. In the early 20th century, Nikola Tesla invented his own engine with high fuel ___________ in turbine style
using smooth discs, (efficient)
8. The invention of the electric rice ___________ in 1940 by Mitsubishi Electric makes it possible to have the
perfectly cooked rice for sushi, (cook)
VII. Choose the correct words in the sentences.
1. The iPod - together with Apple’s iTunes software - was the science / technique / technology that really
transformed the way people listened to music.
2. Firefox was the first web browser / machine / searcher to challenge the dominance of Microsoft’s Internet
Explorer.
3. Skype made it possible to speak to your family - and even video file / app / chat - for free over Wi-Fi.
4. Today Facebook connects over 1.7 billion people worldwide, with accounts / users / profiles from various
backgrounds, nationalities, and ages.
5. The Amazon Kindle was not the first e-book reader / newsreader / best-seller on the market, nor the most
elegant when it launched in 2007.
6. Flappy Bird, in which users have to steer a bird between green pipes, has become one of the most
downloaded mobile games on both Apple and Google’s mobile / online / automatic stores.

5C. Grammar
• Present perfect
I. Rewrite the sentences so that they mean the same. Use the present perfect of the verb in brackets and
for or since.
1. I bought these jeans two months ago. (have)
 I______________________________________________________________________________.
2. It last rained in September, (not rain)
It_____________________________________________________________________________.
3. Mr. Thanh started working here six months ago. (work)
Mr. Thanh______________________________________________________________________.
4. We moved into this house last summer, (live)
We____________________________________________________________________________.
5. Hoa started learning the piano when she was seven, (play)
Hoa___________________________________________________________________________.
6. They stopped eating meat a long time ago. (not eat)
They __________________________________________________________________________.
7. Nick met Phong four years ago. (know)
Nick___________________________________________________________________________.
II. Choose the best verb form to complete each of the following sentences.
1. “Where’s Tony?” “He _______ to the travel agent’s, and he hasn’t come back.”
A. has been B. has been going C. has gone D. had gone
2. We think they _______ all that is necessary.
A. have done B. doing C. had done D. would do
3. I’d like to see that football match because I _______ one this year.
A. don’t see B. can’t see C. hardly see D. haven’t seen
4. I can’t believe that you _______ all the three exercises. You just started five minutes ago.
A. have finished B. have been finishing C. finished D. are finishing
5. Up to now, the discount _______ to children under ten years old.
A. has only applied B. only applies C. was only applied D. only applied
6. Tom often watches TV after his parents _______ to bed.
A. had gone B. have gone C. go D. went
7. Their children _______ lots of new friends since they _______ to that town.
A. have made - moved B. were making – have moved
C. made - are moving D. made - have been moving
8. Jane is a wonderful singer. Her mother tells me that she _______ professionally since she was four.
A. has been sung B. was singing C. is singing D. has been singing
9. He _______ off alone a month ago, and _______ of since.
A. set - hasn’t been heard B. was setting - hasn’t heard
C. set - hasn’t heard D. was setting - hadn’t been heard
10. None of the students _______ to class yet.
A. are coming B. hadn’t come C. haven’t come D. have come
III. Complete the dialogues with the past simple or present perfect form of the verbs in brackets.
1. A: Nick ___________ (invite) me to his party yesterday. Are you going?
B: He ___________ (not ask) me yet.
2. A: ___________ you ___________ (write) to your brother yet?
B: Yes, I ___________ (email) him last night.
3. A: I ___________ (never be) to Hoi An.
B: I have. I ___________ (go) there two years ago. It’s a very nice city.
4. A: My parents ___________ (recently start) their own business.
B: Really? When ___________ it ___________ (open)?
5. A: ___________ your sister ___________ (take) her exams yet?
B: Yes. She ___________ (get) her results yesterday.
IV. Complete the phone dialogue with the present perfect form of the verbs in brackets and short
answers.
Mai Hello, Mai speaking.
Jack Hi, Mai. It’s Jack. I’m phoning from London.
Mai Hi, Jack. It’s great to hear from you. So, you 1 ___________ (find) your mobile!
Jack Actually, no. I2 _________ (buy) a new one, but my number 3 __________ (not change).
Mai Well, we 4 __________ (not speak) for ages. 5 __________ (you / find) somewhere to live yet?
Jack No, I 6 ___________, but I7 ___________ (just look) at a beautiful flat near the Thames.
Mai Are you going to live there?
Jack I8 __________ (not decide) yet. I can’t really afford it.
Mai 9 __________ (you / start) work?
Jack Yes, I 10 __________ . I 11 __________ (give) about twenty lessons, but the school 12 __________ (not
pay) me yet.

• Gerunds and to-infinitives

V. Choose the correct words.
1. I always enjoy chatting / to chat on the internet with my friends.
2. Eating / To eat healthy food is good for you.
3. We went to the cinema last night seeing / to see the new science fiction film.
4. Tom intends arriving / to arrive on time for school from now on.
5. My favourite activity is playing / play football with my friends.
6. We need taking / to take some sandwiches for the trip tomorrow.
7. I don’t want wasting / to waste time today. I’m too busy.
8. I regret wasting / to waste so much time watching TV.
VI. Complete the text with the gerund or infinitive form of the verb in brackets.
Exam worries? How to study successfully
Don’t put off 1 ___________ (revise) until the last minute. We recommend 2 ___________ (start) early.
3
___________ (study) for hours can be tiring. Avoid 4 ___________ (sit) for too long. Aim 5 ___________
(work) every day, but not all day.
You need 6 ___________ (take) regular breaks. When you’re really bored of 7___________ (learn) about a
particular subject, we suggest 8 ___________ (look) at something different.
It helps 9 ___________ (sit) in a quiet place. 10 ___________ (listen) to loud music can be distracting.
If you don’t understand something in your revision, you can phone a friend 11___________ (talk) about it.
When you’ve finished, spend time 12 ___________ (relax).
VII. Complete the sentences using the gerund or infinitive form of the verbs below.
worry visit swim sell buy introduce
1. The government wants ___________ a new law on mobile phones.
2. ___________ is good for your health. We often go to our local pool.
3. My dad is passionate about art. He’s going ___________ Ha Noi next month just to see one famous
painting.
4. Anna tends ___________ about the future.
5. Do you regret ___________ you motorbike?
6. That film star wants ___________ his own island.
VIII. Complete the sentences. Use the infinitive or -ing form of the verbs below.
talk be buy make lend pass send watch
1. My grandparents offered ___________ me a computer, which was very generous of them.
2. If you suffer from claustrophobia, you can’t stand ___________ in small spaces.
3. He promised ___________ me a text message as soon as his plane arrived.
4. Sam is very talkative. He carries on ___________ even when no one is listening to him.
5. Jack is very funny. He can’t help ___________ jokes all the time!
6. Nam is working hard. He expects ___________ all his exams in the summer.
7. I don’t really fancy ___________ TV this evening.
8. John is so mean! He refused ___________ me £1 for a coffee!
5D. Reading
I. Read the text, and mark the sentences T (true) or F (false).
Examples of AI
Artificial intelligence (AI) seems to be everywhere, and it has great impacts on our daily lives. Not long ago,
only satellite-based GPS was available, now artificial intelligence can help users much more experience. It can
recommend the route that avoids roadblocks or congestion.
Using virtual filters on our faces when taking pictures and using face ID for unlocking our phones are two
more examples of artificial intelligence that are now part of our daily lives.
AI can identify incorrect usage of language and suggest corrections in word processors or texting apps. The
apps with high-quality language data can help you use grammar correctly, catch your mistakes and offer
correction.
Interacting between customers and customer service can be time-consuming and stressful. One increasingly
popular solution to this is the use of AI chatbots. Advanced chatbots no longer require specific formats of
inputs, for example yes-no questions. Chatbots are taught to answer complex questions requiring detailed
responses.
1. Artificial intelligence which is used in transportation is the same as GPS. __________
2. AI may help drivers avoid traffic jams. __________
3. With AI, any human face can be identified and recognized. __________
4. Texting apps can identify grammar mistakes, but they can’t give correction. __________
5. The use of chatbots helps make the relationship between companies and customers better and more
convenient. __________
6. Chatbots can only give responses to yes-no questions. __________
II. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.
How do Flat Screen Televisions work?
In the beginning
How have televisions changed over the years? Have you ever seen a very big flat screen
TV screen? It might seem like flat screen televisions are something new, but actually
they produced the very first flat screen television back in 1964. The difference is that the
first flat television screens could only produce two colours. Nowadays high-definition
screens are used, so this isn’t a problem.
What are they made of?
Flat television screens are made from two sheets of glass. Between the glass there are
neon and xenon gases. When you switch on the television, the electricity mixes with the
gases, and atoms release energy. The energy creates the coloured lights which make the
TV picture. They work like fluorescent tubes.
Why flat screen TVs?
People like flat screen televisions because they aren’t heavy and they don’t take up much
space. They are also popular because you can hang them on the wall. On possible
problem is that some flat TV screens are very bright, which means they need more
electricity.
Task 1. Match the phrases below to pictures a-d.
1. flat TV screen __________________
2. fluorescent tube __________________
3. neon and xenon gases __________________
4. atoms release energy __________________
Task 2. Read the text again, and mark the sentences T (true) or F (false).
1. Televisions have changed over the years. ___________
2. They developed the first flat screen TV in 1984. ___________
3. Today flat screen TVs only produce two colours. ___________
4. Flat screen TVs are made of two sheets of glass with gases between them. ___________
5. Today, flat screen TVs are heavy. ___________
III. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.
Three inventions that might save your life
1. Most of us associate barcodes with supermarkets where cashiers scan the products we’re buying and tell us
the price. What is less well known is that bar codes are also used in many other places and for other purposes.
For instance, hospitals have started using them in patients’ wristbands. Whenever patients are treated anywhere
in the hospital, the wristband is scanned in order to show their medical records. This way, the risk of any
patient receiving the wrong medication or treatments is considerably reduced.
2. Around 15 million babies are born prematurely throughout the world every year. Up to one-fifth die and
many others suffer serious health problems. Simply by keeping them warm, many deaths and illnesses can be
avoided. Whereas an incubator costs as much as $20,000 and needs electricity to work, an American NGO
called Embrace has developed a low cost infant warmer at a tiny fraction of this price (1%). It can work with
electricity or run off a generator, and heats up a miniature sleeping bag made of a special material that
maintains a constant temperature for up to 6 hours, thus keeping the baby’s body temperature stable and raising
their chances of survival.
3. Given the country’s experience with devastating earthquakes, it isn’t surprising that a company in Japan has
designed a quake-resistant bed that can shelter its occupants from up to 60 tonnes of falling debris. The bed is
made of very strong wood from 30- to 40- year-old trees that is reinforced with metal, and it has an overhead
canopy. Starting from $5,600, it isn’t exactly cheap. But taking into account the amount of time people spend
in bed, it may well save a lot of lives, as well as helping lots of people sleep more peacefully. And surely that’s
worth the money.
Task 1. Read the text, and mark the sentences T (true) or F (false). Correct the false ones.
1. Hospitals have increased the use of scanners in patients’ treatment.
2. Patients are given special bracelets with background information about their illness.
3. About five million premature babies die every year.
4. Many of these babies could be kept alive using relatively simple technology.
5. The bed protects people from things that might otherwise fall on them.
6. The bed could be a good investment for Japanese people.
Task 2. Find the numbers in the text, and explain who or what they refer to.
15 million ______________________________________________________________________
20,000 ______________________________________________________________________
60 ______________________________________________________________________
30-40 ______________________________________________________________________
5,600 ______________________________________________________________________
IV. Read the text about a small, wearable computer, and do the tasks that follow.
New Way To See The Future
Although wearable computing devices are not a completely new idea,
one in particular has been attracting plenty of media attention. The
Optical Head- Mounted Display (OHMD) is a tiny, wearable computer
attached to what looks like a normal pair of frameless glasses. 1
___________ .
Wearers can receive and reply to messages or phone calls, ask the device
to translate for them, get information about transport and possible
disruptions, ask for directions and be guided to the place they want to go,
take pictures and record videos along the way - all without hardly ever
having to take their hands out of their pockets. Enthusiasts who have
been testing this groundbreaking new technology claim that it enables them to obtain useful information
without interrupting their daily lives. 2 ___________ . On a more serious note, the ‘computer glasses’ could
provide valuable assistance to disabled people or anybody with impaired mobility.
As with all new technologies, there are detractions as well. Any device that allows its wearers to photograph
and record people without their consent, or without them being aware of it, raises questions of intimacy and
privacy.
3
___________ . Terrorists could employ the technology to explore the site of their next
attack, while criminals could use it to obtain plans of the next bank they are planning to rob.
Apart from these extreme cases, psychologists warn that there are reasons why we should be a little wary of
devices like these.
4
___________ . Think, for instance, of the ubiquitous MP3 and MP4 players: everywhere we go, there are
people plugged in to their players, oblivious of the world around them. Others have become so addicted to their
mobile phones that they cannot concentrate on face- to-face conversations without simultaneous checking their
messages.
As our wearable computer bombards us with all kinds of data in real time, our brain may experience
information overload, which can lead to stress and anxiety. 5 ___________ . Moreover, if we become too
reliant on always being updated about any situation, we run the risk of feeling insecure and out of control the
moment we cannot get this information.
For the moment, we needn’t worry too much. 6 ___________ . And when they do become available, will
people still be comfortable viewing the world in such a different way? Well, you could say that remains to be
seen.
Task 1. What is the main point the author makes about this technology?
A. It will revolutionize and improve our lives.
B. It’s intrusive and potentially dangerous.
C. It’ll be expensive and only for a small, exclusive minority.
D. It has great potential, but needs to be used with caution.
Task 2. Read the text again, and complete gaps 1-6 with sentences A-G. There is one extra sentence you
do not need to use.
A. Moreover, it gives rise to security concerns as well.
B. It will probably be some time before such devices become readily available to consumers at an affordable
price.
C. The advantages for consumers far outweigh the disadvantages.
D. New technologies that have been devised to enhance the way we experience reality, may end up cutting us
off from real life instead.
E. There are moments when we should just sit back and watch the clouds, without immediately receiving the
latest weather forecast.
F. They also love the fact that it captures great moments with family or friends that might otherwise have
remained unrecorded, for lack of a camera or mobile phone at hand.
G. The device can be controlled by pressing it, or using voice commands.
Task 3. Choose the correct answers.
1. The wearable computer responds to __________.
A. manual orders only
B. both manual and spoken orders
C. the wearer’s eye movement
2. Which of these is NOT said about the device?
A. It can help you deal with foreign languages.
B. It can take photographs of everything you see.
 C. It can protect your eyes from bright light.
3. What do psychologists say about the use of technology?
A. Things that are supposed to improve our lives don’t always do so.
B. People waste a lot of time because they don’t know how to use them,
C. People lose concentration more easily these days.
4. What is meant by ‘information overload’?
A. The information people receive is not uploaded properly.
B. People receive too much unnecessary information.
C. People don’t always receive the latest information.
VII. Read the passage carefully, and do the tasks that follow.
Li-Fi Technology
Li-Fi technology is a new technology that transmits signals as light instead of radio waves. In urban areas
where Wi-Fi networks become congested and there is a lot of noise in the signals, this technology is something
that can be of immense use to an individual. The basic requirement of this technology is the availability of
light!
Light is also an electromagnetic wave like radio waves. The only
difference is that the former has the ability to transmit data almost ten
thousand times faster than the latter! The basic process is quite
simple to understand. An LED light bulb, any one at all, can be
flicked on and off in order to be able to generate signals. A light
sensor on a device picks up the digital information sent by the LED,
which enables it to be processed by a computer.
The question is whether anyone wants to go through the
annoying experience of sitting under a flickering light bulb. This is
the interesting part. The technology is focusing on making sure that
the light bulb is flickered up to billions of times a second! At that
rate, the human eye simply cannot notice the light bulb being flicked on and off.
However, everything comes with a disadvantage. The major disadvantage here is the fact that these signals
cannot penetrate walls. So if you want to move from one room to another, you will need to have a wired bulb
present in that room as well!
An Estonian startup company called Velmenni took the technology out of the laboratories and brought it
into the real-world offices, and industrial environments in Tallinn for the first time.
Overall, this sounds like quite a development in the field of communication technology.
Task 1. Match a word / phrase in the left column with its definition in the right column, writing the
answer in each blank.
1. congested (adj) _____ A. go through something
2. immense (adj) _____ B. make electrical equipment start / stop working
3. flick something on / off (v) _____ C. too crowded and causing difficulties
4. penetrate (v) _____ D. extremely large in size or degree
Task 2. Read the passage, and then decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F).
T F
1. Li-Fi is similar to the Wi-Fi except that it uses light waves instead of radio waves.  
2. The speed generated by Li-Fi can be up to ten thousand times greater than the  
average Wi-Fi.
3. No one wants to go through the annoying experience of sitting under a flickering  
light bulb.
4. It is convenient for you to use Li-Fi to transmit signals when you move to various  
rooms in the building.
5. The technology of Li-Fi has several advantages in theory, but we cannot put it  
into practice.
6. It can be inferred that Li-Fi is ideal for high density coverage in a confined  
region.

5F. Writing
• Writing about benefits of an invention
I. Choose the correct alternatives to complete the essay about the advantages and disadvantages of
satellite TV.
Satellite TV: good or bad?
More and more people are watching satellite television. 1 The main advantage / As well as that is that you can
choose exactly what you want to watch, and 2in addition to this / however you can watch programmes in
other languages. 3However, / Although this means that whereas people used to talk about programmes with
colleagues and friends, now they usually don’t watch the same programmes.
4
On the other hand / And another thing, there is too much choice. There are so many programmes to choose
from that people can’t decide what to watch. 5This means that / As far as I’m concerned, they watch too
much television.
6
In my opinion / The problem is that, satellite television is a good thing, as it gives people more choice.
7
However / In general, people need to be careful that they choose their programmes carefully.

II. The following text is about the benefits of front-loading washing machines. Put the supporting details
(A-G) for each benefit in the appropriate gaps. There is an extra.
A. The vertical axis in top loaders tend to be very rough on clothing while front loaders only use gravity to
move the clothes inside the washer.
B. Front loaders don’t require as much detergents as top loaders do, about half as much detergent for the
same size load as you would put in a top loader.
C. Their own heater ensures that the temperature of the water is exact and correct.
D. While rinsing clothes, a front loader just sprays clean water on your clothes until
they are thoroughly rinsed, which means a huge saving on water.
E. They use less energy to wash your clothes because they use less water, including
hot water, so they decrease your electric bill.
F. Because front-loading washing machines use a horizontal axis to lift and drop
clothing through the water, they only need to fill up part of the way.
G. Therefore, your clothes will last longer.

Benefits of Front-Loading Washing Machines

Front-loading washing machines are more efficient at cleaning clothes for a number
of reasons. Firstly, front loaders use less water.
1. _________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________
Secondly, your clothes take less of beating in a front-loading machine.
3. _________________________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________________________
Finally, front-loading washing machines are much less expensive to own due to less detergent, less energy
and less water.
5. _________________________________________________________________________________
6. _________________________________________________________________________________
III. Write complete sentences about the benefits of robots in industry, using the words or phrases given
below.
1. robots / offer / work / more accuracy / higher quality
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. they / produce / greater quantity / short amount of time
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. they / work / a constant speed / no breaks, days off, or holiday time
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. they / more / suitable / repeated jobs / human workers
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. robots / save / workers / perform / dangerous tasks
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. they / work / hazardous conditions / such as / poor lighting / toxic chemicals / tight spaces
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. they / capable / lift / heavy loads / without injury or tiring
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. they also / reduce / amount / wasted material / due to / accuracy
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________