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5BU017 Operations and Project Planning

Operation management and supply chain of Samsung

Module: 5BU017 – Operations and Project Planning


Year:2022 Level: 5
Assessment Number/Sequence:1 Due Date:5/13/2022
Module Leader: Michael Ogunseyin Module Tutor: Shreeti Katwal
Assessment Type:Individual Word Count (if any):
Course Title: International Business Management at Biratnagar International
College, Nepal (BIC)

Submitted to: Michael Ogunseyin, University of Wolverhampton


Submitted by: Kritagya Shrestha
2054034 Kritagya Shrestha
Submission Date: 5/13/2022

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5BU017 Operations and Project Planning

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Student Number:2054034

Student Name: Kritagya Shrestha

Date:5/13/2022

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Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction............................................................................................................................5
2.0 Supply Chain of Samsung.......................................................................................................6
2.1 Input..........................................................................................................................................6
2.2 Process.....................................................................................................................................6
2.3 Output.......................................................................................................................................6
3.0 Upstreaming supply chain of Samsung...............................................................................8
4.0 Operation management of Samsung.....................................................................................9
4.1 4Vs of operation management............................................................................................9
5.0 Operation processes and layout..........................................................................................11
5.1 Operation Layout..................................................................................................................13
6.0 Downstream supply chain.....................................................................................................14
7.0 Possible issues with operations and supply chain of Samsung..................................15
8.0 Project planning and management of Samsung..............................................................17
8.1 Agenda of the project..........................................................................................................17
8.2 Elements of Project process and plan............................................................................17
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................20
References...........................................................................................................................................21
Appendices......................................................................................................................................26
Appendix 1.1................................................................................................................................26
Appendix 1.2................................................................................................................................26
Appendix 2...................................................................................................................................26

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Executive Summary

This report will discuss about the operations management, supply chain and distinct
project plan of Samsung. Samsung Group has huge number of subsidiaries, all of
which produce huge range of product and services. But the report discussion has
mostly narrowed down to Samsung electronics, Samsung SDI and Samsung C&T.
The report discusses Samsung’s supply chain which includes upstreaming and down
streaming supply chain and how it has made substantial use of SCM strategies and
process improvements to support and improve its operation. the report talks about
the various supplies that Samsung has maintained. The following report has also
explained the 4V typologies of operation management of Samsung with relative
theories to support them. Furthermore, the operation process and layout are
discussed and its possible issues relating to it is also given. Lastly a project plan of
developing a new Operation System for the smartphones as a recommendation is
included in this report.

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1.0 Introduction

The company chosen for this case is Samsung. Why Samsung? Because it is one of
the largest international electronics companies. Samsung, a South Korean company
was created by Lee Byung-chul in 1938, originally it was a trading store. Samsung
traversed the level of the electronic industry in the period of late 1960. Samsung
Electronics is currently a brand with 116 subsidiaries spread across 70 countries. It is
a major producer of industrial and consumer electronics., covering machines,
multimedia devices, processors, memory chips, and integrated systems
(Bondarenko, 2021). It entails various affiliated companies, the mainstream of which
are incorporated as the Samsung brand. It has the 8th highest brand value worldwide.
Technology's best-known brands Samsung contributes for almost twenty percent of
South Korea's total sell overseas. The market capitalization of Samsung is $355.66
Billion as of May 2022 which makes it the world’s 19 th most valuable company
(companiesmarketcap, 2022). Samsung’s major products are their smartphones.
Samsung had 23.4 percent global smartphone market share in the first quarter of
2022 (statista, 2022). Its revenue of the year 2020 was about $232 billion which was
a 18% growth rate from the previous year and in 2021 Samsung electronics revenue
went up to approximately $244.4 billion (gsmarena, 2022).

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2.0 Supply Chain of Samsung

Supply chain is the process


used by the company to
deliver its product to
customers. Samsung’s supply
chain is interesting because it
is working toward sustainable
supply chain management
(SCM). See appendix 1.1 &
1.2 for more information Figure 1 supply chain of Samsung (prezi, 2019)

2.1 Input

Over 2,500 companies are part of Samsung Electronics' enormous supply chain.
AT&T Store, Sprint Store, T-Mobile Store, US Cellular Store, and Verizon Stores
globally are some of the biggest suppliers. Some provide raw materials or
components, while others provide equipment; yet all are essential in input.
(Samsung, 2022).

2.2 Process

Samsung has manufacturing plants in seven countries worldwide. Its major factories
are from its home nation of South Korea and in China, where their products are
procured from its associate companies and are manufactured (Perez, 2022).

2.3 Output

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Samsung’s supply chain is made to consistently meet the changing technical world
to achieve a competitive edge in the global environment. Samsung supply chain is
also designed to result in low cost of production which was possible due to its
manufacturing plants offshore. For example, if there is a shift in manufacturing plant
physical site, it is vital to implement minor adjustments in Samsung’s supply chain
primary model, but this will in future eventually lower cost of production (Yoo & Kim,
2015).

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3.0 Upstreaming supply chain of Samsung

Upstream refers to the sourcing of raw materials required for manufacture. It is a


stage within the supply chain based on sourcing. All actions relating to the
organization's suppliers are
included in the upstream
supply chain (Stock &
Lambert, 2001). Samsung
C&T (one of many
Samsung’s associate
company) focuses on trading
and investment, has secured
consistent supply of raw
materials like nonferrous
Figure 2 upstream supply chain of Samsung (Krummel & Siegfried, 2021)
metal and industrial material
from Mongolia, the westerns (Canada, Mexico, Peru, and Chile), and Africa
(Democratic Republic of the Congo), and Southeast Asia (samsungcnt, 2019). This
part of the report will focus on major raw materials required for manufacture of
batteries for Samsung. In fig. 2 Samsung SDI is a battery manufacturing company of
Samsung which implements vertical integration for its production. Cobalt is a
crucial raw material for manufacture of lithium-ion batteries, which are used in
products such as mobile phones and The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
delivers more than 50% of world's source (USGS.gov, 2020). Samsung has
established reliable and ethical standards in their supply chain through business
partners to rely on cobalt suppliers in DRC (Krummel & Siegfried, 2021). Hence,
Samsung has maintained good relations with its suppliers of raw material.

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4.0 Operation management of Samsung

Operation management is defined as the systematic layout, direction, and control of


production. Operations management is involved in how businesses create product
with the highest level of efficiency within an organization (Slack, et al., 2016).
Samsung has grown to the top of the industry rankings thanks to a competitive
operations management system. Samsung's operations management strives to
create ideas and products that pique the interest of potential customers (Heizer, et
al., 2017). The primary purposes of Samsung's operations management are to
ensure organization sustainability along with stability. Additionally, Samsung's
operations management delivers things that are flexible and of high standards as to
features and products, resulting in buyer satisfaction after acquiring any of their
products (Jaeyong, et al., 2016). Through 4Vs, mass production is thus enabled.

4.1 4Vs of operation management

Volume typology gives an idea about the amount of a specific produce that must be
manufactured to meet marketplace call (financialexpress, 2021). Samsung is a high-
volume manufacturing company with nearly 73.6 million units of smartphones sold in
the first quarter of 2022 (statista, 2022). Hence, they have a high level of consistency
in their product delivery. They have well-established processes and are hence
assured of repeating production at high speed due to process familiarity and
implementation of scheduling process.

Variety typology is all about diversity of products that are manufactured and sold to
the customer (financialexpress, 2021). If we ought to choose Samsung’s smartphone
division then it comes in various models: M, A, S, and foldables. M are low-price
series, A is mid-price, and S, foldables are flagship series. Furthermore, each series
are dressed in a range of colors, storage sizes, and features (Samsung, 2021).
Selling variety of goods increases trades and income while reducing a company’s

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dependence on one or two products, which can lead to business to shut down if
demand for that product dies. Like Samsung discontinued Note series in 2022.

Variation – This typology refers to changes in demand patterns caused by external


sources over a specified period (financialexpress, 2021). Variation in order is high-
level for Samsung. Technology advancements alter user requirements, causing
companies to deliver appropriate elements that buyers anticipate meeting buyer
satisfaction. However, a good example of Samsung’s variation approach can be,
them launching 5G system in smartphones which won them the smartphone market
competition in 2019 (forbes, 2020). Hence, its variation is cyclical, and market
focused so to take on demand trends a flexible manufacturing process is required.

Visibility - It implies to the value chain of a company's processes that can be


experienced by the consumer (financialexpress, 2021). Visibility as interaction is high
for Samsung. Even though the business's operating procedure and internal
operations are not affected by customers, the final product is created to meet
consumer demand. Samsung uses consumer feedback obtained through social
media, blogs, reviewers, and other means to better their product (Samsung , 2021).

Hence, the purpose of Samsung's operational management team is to make


additional revenue, by managing day to day supply chain, marketing and sales path
and plans, stock levels and right use of financing and procurement. Therefore,
gaining the goals that include cost, quality, supply, flexibility, and client satisfaction.

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5.0 Operation processes and layout

The essential operations or group of actions that must be completed in an


exceptional manner to ensure a firm's constant competitiveness because it
contributes key value to an production are known as operational processes or core
business processes (comidor, 2017). Latest product creation, assembly, and
logistics and delivery are examples of operational processes. Project, jobbing, batch,
Mass, and continuous manufacturing processes are some major types of operation
processes (Greasley, 2008). The analysis of Samsung’s operation processes is
based on several operations’ performance objectives, for example quality, cost,
dependability, speed as well as flexibility.

Cost – Samsung uses low-cost structure and high awareness of economic events.
For example, During the Asian financial crisis in the 1990s, Samsung reduced
expenses and reemphasized product quality and mass flexibility, allowing its
electronics to travel from the project phase to store shelves in six months (ipl , 2022).
Hence, gaining competitive advantage. For more information on performance
objectives refer to Appendix no. 2

Samsung Electronics, the leading subsidiary, aims on five business areas:


semiconductor device, multimedia, digital products, LCD, network and
telecommunications, and other improvements in Samsung Electronics' business
operations (statista, 2022) (Samsung, 2022). Most of the sectors of Samsung
Electronics operate on a mass operation process where items are manufactured in
high volume and fairly small change in its fundamental parts. Which can be further
supported by push system theory. Just like the name Push system theory speaks
of pushing material through mass production. By applying this theory Samsung
guarantees the availability of their product to fulfill the consumer demand (workclout,
2021).

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Some of the Samsung Group key subsidiaries and their product are as follows:

Subsidiary’s Their product


Samsung C&T Buildings, engineering plans, apartment
Samsung Heavy Industries Breeze turbines: transports, particularly
specialist vessels used in the oil and gas
business
Samsung SDI Consumer and industrial batteries, other
storage system and components for LCD
screens, OLED screens and panels
Samsung Display Mobile device, television, and other
product displays
Samsung Biologics Bio-health care
Samsung Medison Sonography machines and other health
gear (koreaexpose, 2017)

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5.1 Operation Layout

Operation Layout is the process of transformation of resources, how different duties


are assigned to these transforming resources, and how the transforming resources
seem like in general. Fixed-position,
functional, cell, and line layout are the
four layout kinds (Gliss, et al., 2018).
Samsung electronics implements
more than one process layout type.
Thus, making it crucial because it can
have a significant effect on the cost
and productivity of an operation and Figure 3 Samsung SDI plant layout (slideshare, 2015)

can require a considerable time and business investment. Because of the significant
investment involved in items such as equipment, installing a new layout or modifying
an existing layout in many activities can be difficult to change once established. Fig.
3 shows the plant layout of Samsung SDI (battery manufacturing company). Usually
in manufacturing factories of Samsung line operation layout is implemented where
each product in the assembly line has a linear path of activities that match up to
sequence of specialized processes.

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6.0 Downstream supply chain

Downstream supply chain involves those activities where the finished goods are
cleared out from the organization to the customers or to the market. It is a part of the
supply chain based on how products are distributed (Cirtita & Glaser‐Segura,
2012). As Samsung is a global brand, the products made in its manufacturing and
assembly facilities are distributed to markets all over the world. Since logistics is an
integral part of the supply chain. For outbound logistics from manufacturing plants to
stores and distributors across the countries. Samsung Electronics Logitech
(SELC) and Samsung SDC are the two largest logistics companies of Samsung,
both of which were once part of the core Samsung firm. Samsung Electronics
Logitech solely ships Samsung Electronics items to over 120 countries worldwide.
Aside from that, it also delivers marketing and sales support to Samsung Electronics
for the sale and distribution of its products to customers all over the world (Pratap,
2022). Moreover, Samsung has an agreement with Russian railways to deliver its
product from Korea or China to eastern Europe. Thus, this route reduced the lead
time from 50 days to 18 days and saved money on logistics (Railwaypro , 2016).
From the stores and distributors, the lead time after an order has been placed is one
to five business days after confirmation where shipping is free for customers. If the
customer wants express delivery, then lead time is only one day but at a cost of $19
(Samsung, 2022). Hence, Samsung ensures that their product is delivered safe,
secure, and fast which gives a plus point for competitive advantage and enhances
their value chain. Additionally, it also adds importance to their finished goods and
service not as a cost.

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7.0 Possible issues with operations and supply chain of Samsung

Although Samsung has all the positive aspects of operation and supply chain
management and all the benefits it holds, there are still some issues within it. These
problems can be investigated by evaluating the core situation of the company.

Samsung has become concerned with operational management issues in


maintenance, technical assistance, and warranty, all of which are critical for
customer happiness and reliability to the brand. Given below are some issues
explained in brief.

 Difficult to control service repair, engineering support, and warranty.

Samsung has been delegating their business processes to consultants, especially


warranty management and display product repair. The customer warranty period is
between two and three years. Only when a consumer returns their completed
warranty card, complete with each product and details for future verifying, is it
eligible to be registered. The true issue arises when the present offshore supplier
fails to maintain the level of service. Samsung’s most controversial issue with their
smartphone was their note 7 model smartphone in 2016 where its battery had
manufacturing defect causing the phone to overheat and explode (Bai, 2017).
Samsung was late to issue a recovery and exchange of that smartphone which
resulted in a lot of angry customers and bad reviews. Samsung must devise a better
solution to this challenge in order to have a quicker repair work cycle and better
warranty claim management in order to achieve maximum customer satisfaction.

 No existing Operating System of their own

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Google's Android operating system is used in Samsung smartphones. Besides


competing with Samsung, Google also sells its operating system to its competitors,
which poses a substantial risk to the company's competitive edge. Apple (Samsung’s
biggest rival) has its own IOS program. As different manufacturers tweak their
Android to go with their device which results in a different user experience. Hence,
competition is increased. Although Samsung’s one UI has the best user experience
(The verge, 2019), a developer-customizable operating system like android
jeopardizes user data security. Also, given the variety of devices accessible, product-
specific versions of Android add up to updating the whole fleet of mobile devices
available which is time consuming (Android authority, 2012). However, there is no
doubt that if Samsung develops its own distinctive and secure operating system, it
will outperform its competition.

 Supply chain Issues

The larger and more complicated a supply chain network becomes, the harder it
would be to see into deep layers and obtain a complete picture of a product's
lifespan. Many supply chain challenges could be examined by breaking down and
recalling to a failure to communicate and cooperate between both internal
departments and retailers. In the case of Samsung Note 7 battery exploding case it
blamed that problem to one of its battery providers which was not officially
confirmed. Moreover, the replaced devices also caught on fire which made it clear
that the issue was deeper in the supply chain and the company does not know about
it. This shows lack of visibility and integration (strategicsourceror, 2016). However,
the company can overcome this failure by bringing out robust quality control team.
Another supply chain issue of Samsung is notable shortage of non- memory chip
caused by high demand of 5G devices. The challenges have increased with the
Omicron Covid which adds disturbance to logistics operation (Briançon, 2022).

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8.0 Project planning and management of Samsung

During the planning stage, management establishes organizational goals and


develops a plan of action. Throughout the planning process, management will
thoroughly examine the organization's mission, vision, and values and strategy for
allocating resources to achieve the goals (projectmanager, 2022). The following
project plan for Samsung has been proposed to help with the operational and supply
chain issue.

8.1 Agenda of the project

Since Samsung smartphones not having its own Operating System is quite
concerning and currently in its tipping point this issue can jeopardize the competitive
edge that they have. The objective of the following project is to maintain the
competitive edge with its rival Apple for that the project is to make an Operating
System to test out to reviewers and tech enthusiastic teams and then rolling out the
OS. The Scope of this project is Samsung may use this project in terms of
developing a superior smartphone product capable of competing effectively in the
global market. As one of the leading businesses in the electronics industry,
implementing this project and using best approaches of quality management
Samsung can undoubtedly produce great results.

8.2 Elements of Project process and plan

As Samsung is a leading technological company it has profound expertise in the


technological sector. To implement this project the current human resources can be
used. But training and additional technological resources are required. The overview
of elements of the project process plan is given below.

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 Initiation – A survey or market research needs to be conducted on what the


user wants from the new OS. By doing this the company will know the
distinctive features to add on their OS that makes it unique from Apple OS. A
BOD meeting should be conducted to discuss the needs and resources for
the project.
 Planning - The project will require new resources and investment in an
innovative research and development team. This stage can be further
understood by Gantt chart and budget. Budget should be allocated for the
resources required in developing the OS.

Table 1 budget allocation of the Samsung OS project

New Operating System of


Samsung smartphone
Departments Total cost Percent %
R/D team $10 billion 40%
HR team $ 4 billion 10%
Technology resources $ 30 billion 50%
Total cost $ 44 billion 100%

Table 2 Gantt Chart of the Samsung OS project

Gantt Chart of Samsung OS


project
Tasks Duration % Completed
Code creation 3 100%
Functional testing 3-13 90%
Performance testing 15- 20 70%
Beta user testing and feedback 5 0%
Deploy code update 5-7 0%

 Execution – After the Operating system is created to execute this plan


Samsung should call out the reviewer to test the operating system. After the
learning of the critics and review, the Operating system can be further
tweaked to make it more efficient and presentable. Hence, rolling out the OS
to the public consumer.

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 Monitoring and controlling - server OS monitoring is mostly based on the


examination of services, event logs, and performance counters and reporting
it.
 Closing – This is the final stage of the project. This stage of the project can
further be supported by the Benchmarking project management tools. It is
a process of continual improvement that is used throughout the project
lifecycle. Benchmarking this project will allow Samsung to determine whether
it has met its performance objective based on internal outcomes, rival
performance, and industry guidelines. It also assists in identifying areas of
enhancement by employing a standardized quality control tool.

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Conclusion

In summary, operations management can be argued to be an essential component


of any business that wishes to stay competitive in the progressively competitive
worldwide market. Samsung recognizes these facts, which is why it has improved
and advanced key parts of its supply chain management, such as quality
management which was a lesson learnt from its blunder. And ultimately prioritizing
cost efficiency, product quality, and technology in its effective operation and supply
chain management efforts. Hence, by incorporation of the offered strategies in the
report will assist Samsung in expanding its influence and attracting the attention of
new audiences. Furthermore, effectively projecting trends in the target market, the
company will dramatically grow its sales and become the worldwide market leader.

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Appendices

Appendix 1.1

A set of entities involved in up and downstream flow of product from source to


consumer is referred as Supply Chain Management (Mentzer, 2001).

Appendix 1.2

Samsung ensures a comprehensive competitive advantage in terms of pricing,


delivery, quality, technology, and human resources to optimize synergies, speed,
and cooperation with its suppliers. Samsung focuses on the economic, social, and
environmental elements of its supply chain operations to manage all the above-
mentioned elements (Pratap, 2021)

Appendix 2

Quality - Samsung has solidified its image in modern-day society. To maintain its
image as a high-performance organization, Samsung has focused heavily on product
quality, continuously revising relevant standards, and strictly controlling output
(Yulianda & Handayani, 2015).

Dependability- The dependability aspect can be demonstrated via impacting


Samsung’s supply chain management, which reduces delivery time. Consider the
company's installation of multiple supply chain management technologies then the
impact of such a solution can be seen through lower delivery time, quick response to
customer (studycorgi, 2021).

Speed – Speed is determined by cycle time. It is an important consideration for


Samsung, which addressed it by introducing SLIM (short cycle time and low

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5BU017 Operations and Project Planning

inventory in manufacturing), "a collection of methodologies and planning applications


for controlling cycle time in semiconductor manufacture." manufacturing."
(LEACHMAN, et al., 2002)

Flexibility – Samsung’s flexibility in operation was achieved by giving emphasis on


the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system, which reduced production time,
increased delivery speed, and improved market awareness. Hence flexibility as
performance objective is found influencing other performance objectives as well
(Rhee & Kim, 2000).

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