« . Akdehyd Cass of ae by foe weblocement on vege ay ns back AE’ ~f < Aude hb ae Rab lhe ca REL anbudrede Since all bee Cet), Ahelehe les Qs They have two el ices 1 fer oe pengetelehade) Cho OHE= CH, - CH, — Ketones > Goth 4 naming tuo alfiyl coer Cue on, ~é i on, wth a, «'= déchLovoace fone ° ! - en, chy - rheny£propan-l-one ‘ : Er an 1-0. Qe ay wo Behera Kefone Structme and The C=0 ge in Hare: atom U form orbit. Pe Awo Ketones and cee Compourks Contains ove Ie Vecdnes and Carhoxyhee ele vah tir mokecules, As and Ketones|—> Nom enclafure Serica fase of ou cH, -cHO Butane 1,2, 4— precarbeldely de ahphatic avel aronatre " CK,-€ Butane -2,3-dlcone. cho # e=0 Aes orbitads » adkdchinel — bores H-atom - O for Rag acd oe vii at herty hve xy on paae a COOH x »7 cor". fasenk oS g ~on fi R-C-on R-C-NA, Caubenghe ed 4K Auk anyde Mere son +oRNy j a~ C-o0R’ Este. ves contains tre Sane ayl grou. one an aed eye Bite Gf Hdheby des ad kefones Hames 2& Common Marte. and TUPAC. é- Keay Propanal Hers A sero pg aeisen eee vidi ow ~ cH, CH by — Ch, - CKO 3- Ca one etyL hen ane, b-dcal Ketone are obfarned or age Gre attached a ker Gane cy oO Diphey L Kefore ‘ reo che MeFage phengt Kebne. cug ’ Hil de sen be emg Uo Mth pent 3-en-a-on e CHa? < ths G- ane tag acerphenane ie aig i te i bond me. eee oo " - Cty Mates, Ay ow betale ¥C Se As ae Fore Bond. aae Himanshu — Sex €23l0140392, VUTuustd) — Tt rs tecgonal planar én shape. du 2 ‘otel > A Lasbon ong, ge double bond rs polases ed. ate her electro vi gs velabre fo C. Mente ‘a ele ia C Lewy a4, Carbonyl 0 ts a nucleobbsle- dipole now ee and. ah. polar. han eee de ia old Pea aah nentral cso and dipolar T kend, a \S fae? *., Fata oF SPY ee te Oe St vuctuse Carbonyl Grou Prepasahon Akdehg des andl Ketones —> il) Exvom Akcohohs —> (@ oncdathon Neth Cr and Mg 7 gents — = [fem on + Lop Beam theny ge Rabon +h ve] ° Geko + fo] ——*—> ¢4,-¢-n +h y sp | ROM om Jeo Aue Ce bey our Benga aheohal Berjalcletyde. Denon + Cop Ent 5 Rdcan + 40 | Ay Sey on; ” CH; a Ko 3 > Sez0 + cng Chon + COT z oe a th fy cata Catalypc dehyebrog cnation ee et econo Akihohs > RCA, OK “ Reno + H, Che CoH > cHeno + x a a Denon As, eorh, 3 Cay cw Beatie e os rene 2 eat SBR chy” i 5 (0 By hydvahon of Alkynes > po er | “Oo - ce Ce d ¢ we Li. hag 4 Myo Hinges Tatn [im at eee Tabaivolitres CA, ~fauber cH + ho i i oe Bak Cro CEtannl) | cn Acetylene 7 hg-c =H, bd c ey CM C- CH Sen +u0 — _ 5. Se i poe " on t CFropaume)(4) By Keduchre ogenolyn! Ask gnes —> CA; Ly CKO Ky, ie CMe 1g, Gla lithy p et Bhy 2Kcho on alee \ c4, —0 Methanol Me CHE 2 Oy ; Chg cH ache, + Og > op ef en, —L—> 2eMg eH vd Ettanes yy cae +0, "5 ty. Lo. ens cht,’ City - MeN em/| | ets Oo—a 2 . Exthasahon Aldehydes —> fegt Choraole, “Ye drogenated OVE catalyst , Px on BaSby » Tha's is celled Rostnmbn bveduchon fh Sete a cHo Ct oe Ph basey NZ Stephen's Reachion He : Netréles ace reduced to corresponding dimtnes with Smeks /Hl Lhek on hag dlrodyses fer CorreqpondeSy ke RON + Such, + HeE—» Rewer S420" 4° RHO 4 Nhs RO Altle-ba)s gp -eHo 2: Hao Ny = CH Chcn,.cw = —2-——> €-¢=0-C-6~CHO ~ o OH, - Cy)a- E- 064g PBA 5 erg Cm yy EM a [Dreat-n 9 Aeesobutyhoturmintars hag date bron — Hydro casbons —> Aroraadie abdehy cles ace prepacd Mouking mth oolt— ( 74 oncdahion mit Benzene —Y cho x on coon Hs tH, knnou a rae Yea CQ? zee Ly le a Catalyst which thes veach'on Con even be chpped 4y oddicg ey San shbe ke prodachion of Bensoie aled 7 Ob Use of chrompl chloride “7 ee, C Toluene get aga a) oe Bengal dey) QO 2ewtl a. io co ‘i fees CG 5 = Se ge euam chromlnes Bergekdeldle a ote Cone plex es ited ake) Ce dreabment with C10, Ch, followed. hiydor id te aye Freda her f re ttiy then grldlgeh: 2 Wake above yeathon <= aleo Known as “Glad Reaction” ib By He use af Chromce onde CGro;) omy Goes a Cre. ~ocoen, ie Oe fF 5 Ms ON) 4 ach, coor (43¢0),0 zg “s ty tegdeaiyine '™ By sce chatn chhorévahyn Followed. ty dre Ans 9 Used e Cents ey 7 Beagatd clyde gon Tohivene - GS] eel ke ch. entor), tj —> ro “+ ee Tabane Benget chlorite TP pengaldehayde () By Gatferwann och xeachon —> when Bengene or deuvahve reacts | presen og ALG, | Cah, Ze yore Bengali ery de +H oa He CHD = i > a7 ankyd el, | cack CT cengathehgae. oO oO + cock. Ae or Hee cao wilta CO av HK va co, Nete:- iL Co in above veae® ye replaced. by WN ne xeathon is Called Galfumann ath ebig cle SyreeESs aubyal may CH NHR J cto ie Sp eke + HL om Heo (4 ote Vy Athy sw Ue Preparahon Kefhones ( wit & From ui chlorides ov\ acyl chtowedes —> O° trey ie dealfayl cadmium with om andl chdoredh* | | ar az ange ek BE te | eed dk + Bek > ag! gig + Cd ° iy ka zen, b-ch 4 (eng en,), ed LA > zen, demi, + Cte | Acetyt chorde — dy ebay cndhoinm oc Butanone | Moke] Rmgx can'¢ be hevecthy used aa &f ts more reae- tre tan ewes ark hence Feree 7 form kefones ») From Nityiles > RMgX wet, rtac? +0 ae ar aug netrele Prllowred 4 ack hyebroleyasep N+ Cg te MG Br ayo ae enzonmtrile. 4 ae 7 GAs —— G5 “Gg bey Addthion Prepcephenont bvaaleak- Ci-bhenyse brah 3 Evora Benzene or substituted Benzenes > =) Tt ts Sorhdy Frichol Croge Latron yveacthon ¢ anbyd, (ord + Av/R-~cg-2 —Aarya , é~Arie gO i oe atl Ald, 2 OQ ita Gansoplenene 4. From Phenyl esters by Frrec seauangenent —> C Frres feartargencre) Seas eeree eee a eeeeree eee Ceeeeeett Tenge acetate of yxeact® wich ankgd- ALclg in presence CS, as solvent tndirgy ee tn whee, oat Toe meerates ard jie and pe by dvcuy Ketones. Deeg hg ee a, cee + Qo | COCs droxy Bex onky My Bergephenone po hgdvery benzophenone Lhgpwcal Propeches oe Adi ds and pa — VBorling fotnt 3 The re C20 and Cho Te higher han 4 Geng iy olax compou polar Compound » THis adn duet ‘rveacon thot Cho £0 _Contosn polar Corboryh tarp bene” Weak _intemroleutar assouahon Lue to dipole— dk Aipoke Tntera chon: 2) TY i bower atdehy cles and Ketonts conte upto 4 atoms Such as Metranah, ethanal, eft: Thy ax soluble in Kyo due to K~ bo bes the polar Corbonyh Aid. Waban mokecudts. “9 e nos. foo Re HO ge z Rk ° ‘ yore Woon, ae rie Yvon, With ancreabe Secor ie ror, so tubilety Secrears : 5) smelt —» Ze oe 4owe sharp pb ent odour As ge Inereaces odfourn decrbases+ Lowe Kernds It Jer pheasent smelling Lg uds - er ate used ’n CHO # CO| CHEM EL oO oPERTLES 0F Aldehydes and Ketones > Pa S ase, ALgh, gee C Comtbourdle- They shory numba Common neko” lees Caedebg de) Bde ah Cketoned 4 Le Mucledp hake Addition reachion —P CHxo & Co anhege SA neal? Mecharisnr nu cleophilie addition VAC Carbonyl Lo grep i Pobar Ant to elechro-vty bE as Compared, to onl ard hence behave as an electrofrcted. A neccleophale attacks the electrophilic Catbon ators Polit CO aroub from a Aevechon afbroxcinat ely pehenrtiutar to bbane. of oh? predic orbtgk Nw 4, of “ s- a! slows a (Wit Fase a 5 re or wg NS Hee a ion Role. Aad Catalyst in nicleop hate atdihion TEAC re The vw 7, Coo # CO are Caurtd. in audec Mediam> TAL GH cacbowis "ted ete protonated “4 resonance, Ar kaa even Vn ucleuppsjes Car Iheney ahtaer the C pine, Tt savolver 3 stebs a The attach. % nucleophile on Core Gabon iavolved Babcay y oh Cathon~ nucteoprrte, bend (stow Sap? i elbitro-ve 0 atone bo Atiomodate VE have OD mre on sofphele to Caboryl ee ele Pisce wn ryt gh ongs [Jote|> cxo ace gen more reachive fran com Rluclecphilic adkbon clue (fo stene and Elechronte tg — ason+ efechrone. CHO ate more feachve fran CO because two ohfeffe qr reduce the elecrepriliete 4 CO Mere ffervedy. Akihhahc Abdetay des ard ketones > Dnduchve fet Creattt Trt no- ¥ atbyh groups pee -ched to C0 I grates 1s electron denny rence 00K (5 yeachw' to nsards rucleophsh € addition Vachon. HNseso > Beso ia eae 2- stece € ees —> As number ard Sze 4g athgh qe increases, he. ateack of nu cleobhile on CO je ramet elomu more VW more Hefpeeult fo Stece turndrane. ANCHO? Ctgtno? Cy lots4 Axomatte Akdlehy des ad Ketores > gS er ot Er | Bcomatie Addo a bos sence aide aliphatic. Compeards clue. to Electron donahing Hesonance CHR) nibh vedubls ty Increase denny "Carbon Nucleopritie laddchion ie ey Ccheneceal Reactions) CHO Co undhevo nuUtleopile addch'on @) Mechanssnn nucleophilic attack > A nicl biphe fe attach fe e/, trophite Cahora Pola CO grouk te the plane Bb* hybradised orkitale ! The hybrid sabion 4 ez gars (72 Sh to pt ae at a SF ane 7 Fast ‘ee ‘Step | “A Sa “sre a ‘oe i> Cho ae man wea, Aw (| Reaetives = chive than ©0 due Cndettive. ell dae stewe effect. | Note > Jie macn reason +r hur reathvry £5 us 2 kg Groups reduce he Qlectvaplaitece CO more. | © some nuclerpulie addiction and nucleophetic add" elbai- ~nahon weachon - CO additon a aes ol IY oes Chen) Both CHo MCD react Wety “Lganche Feene. 2 20 14 cathy Seal ey woe CN~ rem Ca ol alae). e =O Cn = = fase ae Ok | | J ea ol 28 i UO addehon . Sedans 4 nen i aly hed to form b debe Ab [ addthion ierBente: Dever beaut OSH Proton Ne a Des + Nanso, = Yor we de = — 2 pale “Tenge “ “ of Bisutpete adelu te dad oe sino ‘Beal Compo und. Ws water solabhe 2 Conver Dye esanl 2a Yomi, wen bk. mineral weg i" Mn peanal By Rs A io idea nal! Reagent > TE veact wath oo #0 fo fo Producht Hfon ee We pete /Eo or ons Lior lar Ze atavhaes dt fa5- SF fee - x ae eS at 7 Aleoko! | jean ore Vea Were craylene jee mot oyekie co produck [etme gy ok teks | | Op atin. whine “Nem each ore ee | |er en ee a ere SS Re Hete(> \,- Ss © lene gl coh Ketek [Pers ae - CBucne) 5 vale Cohiba) 2 ceah all Mgdrogont | SO =N-0n Corneme) | Reduthion > Ca) Reduchin te aleoho| + HO > wash es A ee BE i ne Te | Fe tht 7 A 1 | 2° Altvbo e Aedieehiin +o dre Catbons —> Cahora k yer yoo i, Pee Gta Yeduted te OH oh veh zn oe aw |] femce Me eee te ener, Sear, 4 / 4 | asa Leetetn te Uycrapine Citar) fpf. | ; te ph wees f “4 Solvent suck of | hone die! CoVelf ke ehner ae Saar a eae eee SO t 40 Celemmep sen reduchon) a WERE He ee ee = ae i = Deze tee Deena, AE pe aa onidehien —» LHo on oredahion coe don. ste tet enced KMnOy, Kelrz0q ett: They ast athe omcdized Ay Tollen’s || wee nk a Ferliig iS reagent - mI a Rae Tad R-Cootr : C=0 are oncdlised. Under ee eeier condvhons « ZE err nt bak Cleavage fo anol Aavang Lassen eo 4 ¢ nm fran ketone: ’ ie © ¢ | e- en = ¢- baat ar R-Coo +R, C00 Oo Tollen's Teck —> C selven mirrer Ter) j| On AN ng an CHO WL joe" prefaced [4g U9),] anmorctell Vsrtver nitrate Sol? GQ selver merror “st produced Aue 49 ormcolehion Cho fo C007 anim: Reno + 2/ Cnty), 1% 30H —> Reoo” + 2Ag + 20 + INH: | Fehbing's Test > Tt lonvisd of 2 sol®, Fentiry fob? AASB ‘es alts a » Gusoy ard PLB Is atbeline Soeur ee | tartarote. $n Heahrg Co wih Fis a ved brown PP | obtacntd olur to respond Cartoxy late i'm. | “ Zart Son” —» Reo” + ao + 34,0 | R-cHo p 2aet 4 Rea. brown bpd Aromohe A Cho dont Give u's Task:E Reaction due fo A-hydve ene — Ce 7 Lo andego m0- f weac® que hr om nabure i Be “-4 a Ip ie Tove (tre ed Beitidiransin q 44 g tn Resonance ae on face: i =~ €F =-Ccae te ars ne 7 Cp 7 é | Adel, endensahi, > Cho # co =o atleast one.X OC, rn presence dekh atpste ‘as Catalyst a B - Con) Cro (0 pay xetones (Kerk) “Tas fae as Aldol veachm . a Hy oH CH=CH -—CHO 2h, -cHo ee. Ch eH Ch, ero NaOH 3 ena Rte eae 2 CHy-CO- cH, ton, gil ¢- Sncoen, al 1 Ee water A [Nete]> The abhoh and Kene” "y XB - unsedunted CO oe : aw yeae™ is “Aldo - Condlensebion" Cross— Aldol Covolen sation —> Alda tondensabin Yr 2 Cro or bw One CHO One Co is called mexed | or bf 2 Co 42> R=RR-O-R aA are ox Cross — Alek wndlensation,, bd CHycKO + CHztycHo & aa [Netd:— "thas becames seul a ee Yo oceue bhy 2 me e | ew te Bl Pay cH, cho + HCHO 2 ee. -écne (Cast -Be Pa breast igale taall Wy yg he Dey Naot aca are Ho + ecd-c-cKo Bobgdrony fafa rahe > [gut -2 ena Shs aldo! hak HO ty r esdseremg He + CHS CH, ene en—eho sey Condensabon Co Compound doesn € dane ne A ators thanT @ Connigaio stae” —> CHO Without X—H , Lunclergo All ontelabion f° veduchion on ey wath Cont: we Atkale . VTkcs result in wedge 4 'CHo +o on EK olor Is oncdiced to cook. H t ee = See . — Or Ae pene pean + Come on ——> h-C-oH + on Methansl. Pot Farnaate 2 Cottgcno + 00H + Me lsth on + Og Hs Coonan Bengalderyde Bensyt aleonst Sod. Bengoate mhech “he CO oh ach as —— 4 fund mehe divehhis gh. cho _ Holes /ia9. ow iS | | Mo be —> Ge Ar-Cno Ke Ar-Co udego sé at veng bn | | cn i, | Bengeddehaole mn netro bengal ehyele a Uses 0 Cho 4 CO —> They axe used ac Solvents , as vengerts, Formalin Cap /.) HeHo 1's a preserve. beokoyeral poesuratvet Tt rs ased wn (Sicageett | Bakelese , camphor ete: | Carbonylie Actds > 54 consist of Carboryl group aHtoched ro bedvo + Tt mag be aliftahe oy atomah'e . Some hephed members a ee aus, estas ete. oe 7 Monin clotuse tn Torte System Coon ace weaced by -eke awl - The mo. a Coon gw ae nde ated a tre ede. . Albane + 06 Aud —» Alfano aud C POG C4 =CH-Coon 5 5 fhenge prop -2enosic aud | (4) chy >- toon — > &- Mthe yelhanane boxy bie aud. Electroma Strucduse Loon GL es er Oe EEE Oe COOH | The Bonds + Cosboryh CU he in one plane and are separated | about /20°. L# ts Less clectrphtee tan Co due to (Poscibhe. yesorance ank .. alvo makes 22 tf Less polar. Oo Fas | 4e79 €— > —-¢cB 25 -QO.. eSo-n Conn ait | Methods oF Prepasation Cathoxyhe Aud > | } (@ For Prcreaty—0H and “Cho VAkeohoks om oncdation fn presence of Kt og frres CoowRCH, 04 -HE_ KM nes, Rtoow Agar Ahen's Clg CHO eas oe 4 ene Prove Akk { bengenes —> Avomatc Coon wn be prcparek by one'daton & Benzene wer ads CKy Coon Chromec auld or ahh: KMnoy: Techiow “er is mot affected 4 thes on'dabion - coon chy mney ~ Koo Seem aS OO ae chy Pek. Benioat & Béngore awd © —— KMNOY = KOM yy pear Oo dat sue Benne a | chs Coot palo fi 5 cool Ng Ketnoy~kow © co ca fo) Stee nes CY + t eee a ! Ho A dil Hy Soy ae i coon | -awd Po Nite Tolu tne. From Netyeles and amides eNO ORE Omenes Netrilts are rot7seol to amides and phan to aus in bees: ence Ht as “cat, st | R-cw oa Ronn, tieS, coon Le CMH, ke cool 30" Nu, a =e ap Alig | From @regnard ent —> EEK react the Co Cy ace) to form Salts o Coot aud whith on audit cadion need minuol aul gives Cashonghe aud. K Riek, 44 Oe Ah oe a> ue ‘ore Reeon Max & Both nitrcles and Cre! grace wepgent 2 use L fr Converting Aabede hae a coon “aud have ht in whyk bahide | Fram and oy aryk Halidles —> Thug are hydrolysed ay "9 a | eeadily ty fr Cook or Wet aa base to gee Coom rm te give Corye ne ade thy ole. + 1,0 —> Chto + Hck Naoh Ce eg C0019 Cots Coch & a 6 4 ef aie can 2® oie C00Co th, Ke? 5 Gy coon + Ch, cooH From ests —> on gue directly Coors aus | oa ne | while base igh es a and on avdgre- | | -ation jae coo Q-600G Hs Ha0t Ny 00H Wes —— Oo ea Bg Po From obefins 5 Ch een, + Co tho a 0H Fram Sodan alporde and CO R-owat 2 CoO a Rtoo-Nat AVHY Reooy + Nach petal prohehes—> a1 are Cofousless ahh 4 € atom a eng tonplescen? Smelh . Zo kaye hegh BP team Cron co | due tr Exdonive assheahon of com aud molecule due Be Hig oagee Ane . Soluschity > xt dacreases AS numb Coy C alone Lrbreases due. to Gevease in bydvophobse Chosaetic fe becomes insoluble ark are hess polar Chenmeeal Reackons —> | Audih >» 7 evolve Hydrogen ets eledrotre metals ark form salts with gimilar fo phenoks - 2R-Caole + 2nla —> 2R-tooNa 4+ #2 RR-looh + Nance; —> R-ceoniat 4 Kyo # bo, Coon lissovate im ho fo give Resonance stabschisedk | r! | coe ants Hy brantons 40>, eo a | y = re-el eZ + Ko Sabot +e an aa ns é aS i >on % Se a keg = [tytn Ta = hag Lr) = (ge Too] | Cre] Lecoer] FRcoony & yo 7-8 heveas R- eee Ge he COX, aced, Hae CAcchc avd) | @4e 0 23, 4-19 ett: Swaller fae PKy tre Strong en fe awd te Peg ct Strep aude.@| * COOH Reds are nes tran mineol aud but el aa alcoh “Ols - The veasen oo 7 Coou Buk is dueto Spabche t. eae ete (5n fesdnance Structmes> As a tre ala oo 7 ced move elabilised 1s pheShecdeim (Nete]> oe % Subsh'tuents Yes the cag 4 Comps ounds as Wl an recy aude Character CL Laker the no: Eleclron we Ctadkyar) a roup CEW @) more is aad Avie chhaacte arel smaile sp Leer fet pty fresps on Aah on Auidihy Pao Ll < Br < hele w C Ohz Coo > Bre, coon > HLoOH > CRM EH COOH K Attachment Group such as phernyt o~ veeyt to Coon pawdk Ineveases en of covees fom ar CooK - | 7 | 4c La”? S noe on due fo a. “chetoo neg a fv b sp? a eee c te whech Carbonyl. gf . ans Fowmation q Anhgdred e —> Bag co eee otc apr ee 2 Reon > R-& fF 2° Abbanste anhydride ; Estetipieahon —> Cortormbe acct on reac? whith ort or poenaks ee) nas x A hgbviiad weld seth Ad M504 @r) Az ae ad sé - Root + R ‘oH ——" Reoop’ + KO + 5 4 Ae on e-7" Practice tae gual Son on ORE aR TOW A [4 Proton Zo 7 pransfen Re? xs een = HoH CoH o-e! Nowe! a aeoena" Protonoted ester Same Reaction weth Plls , Phy 4 Sock, n> RLOOU + Pile > Re0ckt Fels + Helof a Lt pa —----— so ‘ LAY 3RCOoH + Pug ——> SRCOCL F KH, Fos Peete i F : ‘ - es Reachon with Ammon —> CH, coo + NAg = Ch, loony —? eae coonity AS ante Cis COON My cr Me nhs SC fe Catnganile) Aectamde Renchien Lavebreng ~ceen & ~ce0n Groub —> (O keduction —> RCooH Senki then _y Rochon i? pecacbonykation om eenoue pes Rn + NAC Alpale metal Sable ands decanioxWtahions oh electrolyns alse Known as "Kotse. ee Ms subshtubon Reag* pn tydro Caton post > Coot go Aav xX - hydrogen in AL Hobag enated ak x pesibon on 4 mente! wee CL GD Be, (yo Small, ancourh Rex P to qe 2 - Hale carboxylic auds- Tes £8 bry z. CHL -vetllask-zelneky 4eachon) | Ren coon (VAnL Red Chaphorye R-¢H- coon Cer eg arf (4) to x eI 5 Ay-cooh undego SE reac In what Coon acer as deachivating Ao mMebo dey Ca ee Tey eS do mot unthyo “Freedal Crag es 00H Cone: Halos S i Gees = Zone: H,S04 0, m~ Neteobensore aud oOH coow og srl ts OLee m= Bromobenzgenare awd - Conn ([Alotel > Coon = orm “> ae S | coou cobyny 20 oN mr ec “ |