The Hindu News Analysis – 03rd January 2023 – Shankar IAS Academy

S. Page Number*
News Articles
No. C B D H T

1, 1, 1,
1 Manufacturing ends 2022 on a high note 10 10 10
1, 8 1, 8

2
SC majority ruling finds no flaw in 2016 demonetization 1, 1, 1,
1, 8 1, 8
process 10 10 10

3
ST Commission holds its ground on impact of new rules on 12 12 12 10 10
Forest Rights Act

4 Towards reducing India’s prison footprint 9 9 9 7 7

5 Over the borderline 8 8 8 6 6

*C – Chennai; B – Bengaluru; D – Delhi; H – Hyderabad; T – Thiruvananthapuram

The Hindu News Analysis – 03rd January 2023 – Shankar IAS Academy
S. Page Number*
News Articles
No. C B D H T

6 Jains fear that a sacred hill will be defiled by tourism plans 10 10 10 8 8

7 RBI keeps SBI, ICICI, HDFC as ‘systemically important’ 14 14 14 12 12

8
IMF MD Georgieva warns that global economy faces tougher 14 14 14 12 12
year in 2023

9 Prelims Practice Questions

@ end of the video

10 Mains Practice Questions

*C – Chennai; B – Bengaluru; D – Delhi; H – Hyderabad; T – Thiruvananthapuram
Pg: 1, 10 – C, B, D;
Pg: 1, 8 – H, T;
Manufacturing sector - Significance Government initiatives

• Modernization of agriculture • PLI

• Unemployment & poverty • Make In India

• Boost of trade and commerce through exports • Skill India

• Addressing regional disparity – MSME • MUDRA

• National Manufacturing Policy

 Practice Question – Prelims
Q. Consider the following statements with
respect to Purchasing Manager Index (PMI)
1. It is an index of the prevailing direction
of economic trends in the
manufacturing sector only
2. If the score for a particular month is 55,
it denotes contraction in the sectors
Choose the correct option
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Pg: 1, 10 – C, B, D;
Pg: 1, 8 – H, T;
 Section 26(2) of (RBI) Act
Demonetisation
• On recommendation of the Central Board
• Process of stripping legal tender status of the Central Government may, by
certain currency. notification in the Gazette of India,

• Indian experience. declare that, with effect from such date

as may be specified in the notification,
 1978 - ₹1000, ₹5000, and ₹10000
any series of bank notes of any
demonetized
denomination shall cease to be legal
 2016 - ₹1000 and ₹500 demonetized tender [save at such office or agency of
the Bank and to such extent as may be
specified in the notification]
 Majority opinion in the Judgement
Points stated by Justice B.V. Nagarathna
• Government initiation of demonetization
• Section 26(2) – Demonetization must be process cannot be sole reason for
initiated by RBI. invalidating demonetization.

• Government don’t not follow proper • RBI and government

procedure. consulted regarding

• RBI given just 24 hours to render opinion. demonetization for 6

months.

• Demonetization
passed the test of
proportionality.

Justice B.R. Gavai

Justice B.V. Nagarathna

Doctrine of proportionality

• Issue regarding “Right to Property”

Proportional
 Right to property not absolute.

 People given adequate time to exchange

the old currency.

 Individual rights can be compromised for

greater good.
Not Proportional
Pg: 12 – C, B, D;
Pg: 10 – H, T;
 Part A—Preliminary Examination
Paper I - (200 marks)
 Current events of national and international importance.

Part B—Main Examination

PAPER-III
General Studies‐II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations.
• Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their
design and implementation.
• Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance
of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment
of these vulnerable sections.
The Scheduled Tribes & Other Traditional
Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights)
Act , 2006

• To protect the forest rights of forest

dwellers & ST’s.

• Rights to access the forest land & it’s

resources.

 Previous denial of rights in forest

conservation acts of 1927 & 1980

• Encouragement of sustainable use of forest

ecosystem, conservation of biodiversity, &
balanced ecological use of forest products
Forest rules, 2022

• Notified as per Section 4 of the Forest

Contentious part
(Conservation) Act, 1980.
• Taking away of consultation process of Gram
• Provisions
Sabha for land diversion projects
 Constitution of new committees

 Advisory Committee

 Regional empowered committee

 Screening committee
• Forest Rules, 2003 – mandate of District
 Allowing of transborder Compensatory
Collector to ensure consent from each Gram
afforestation between states
Sabha
 Replacement of imprisonment with monetary
penalty for less serious offences

Forest rules 2022
• Central government – no responsibility to
ensure rights under FRA, 2006
• State government – responsibility to settle
the claims of forest dwellers.
Importance of forest dwellers in conserving
forests
• Conservators of forests.
• Give valuable details about smugglers.
• Local conservation knowledge of the forest
land.
 Practice Question – Mains
GS – II
Q. With the Forest rules, 2022 notified by
the government recently, What are the
issues present in it, which has led to the
tussle between National Commission of
Schedule Tribes and the union
government.
(150 Words, 10 Marks)
Pg: 9 – C, B, D;
Pg: 7 – H, T;
 Part A — Preliminary Examination
Paper I - (200 marks)

 Indian Polity and Governance - Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.

Part B — Main Examination

PAPER-III
General Studies-II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations.
• Parliament and State legislatures - structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues
arising out of these.
• Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary - Ministries and Departments of the
Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
Status of prisons in India

• 2021 prison statistics - National Crime

Records Bureau.

• 8/10 prisoners in India - awaiting trial. • Uttarakhand - 185 % occupancy - most

overcrowded prison.
• Occupancy rate - 118 % in 2020 to 130 % in
2021. • Rajasthan - 100.2 % occupancy - least
overcrowded prisons.
• Convicted prisoners - 1,12,589 in 2020 to
1,22,852 in 2021.

• Undertrial prisoners - 3,71,848 in 2020 to

4,27,165 in 2021.
 Presence of age old colonial laws
Issues in prisons
• Prisons - governed by the Prisons Act, 1894.
Over Crowding
• Laws are casteist & remain unchanged.
• Overcrowding by undertrial persons.
• Example
 Result - Increase in occupancy rate.
 Jail manuals - focus on purity of the
 Leads to Unhealthy Living conditions.
caste system.
 Resources - not enough to afford
 Prison staffs - assign work based caste
extra prisoners.
identity.
Shortage in Staffs

• Jail staff
Custodial tortures
 Sanctioned strength - 89,479.
• Police officials - brutal physical treatment
 But actual strength - 64,449.
to the prisoners.
 Average vacancy levels - 30.3 % in 2020
Unequal treatments
to 28 % in 2021.
• Special privileges - to prisoners from
• Ratio - between prison staff & prisoners
upper classes.
 India - 1:7
• Ill-treatment of poor prisoners.
Physical abuse

• Abuse by Jail guards – leads to mental

pressure.
Solutions

• Proposal of plans to construct new jail

complexes.
• Filling of vacancies of jail staffs by
• Amendment of age-old legislations.
government.
• Provision for rehabilitation of prisoners.
• Framing of Vigilant mechanism.
• Jan Vishwas bill 2022
 To address custodial tortures and abuse
 Decriminalization of 183 offences across 42 of prisoners.
legislations.

 Replacement of minor offences with

monetary penalties.
Pg: 8 – C, B, D;
Pg: 6 – H, T;
 Improvement
of
infrastructure
- Borders of
China

Livelihood

Tourism
Vibrant
Village
Programme

Access to Roads and

Doordarshan decentralised
and renewable
educational energy
channels sources
Benefits of VVP

• Need for secure border

• Counter China’s Model village programmes

 Practice Question – Prelims
Q. Consider the following statements
1. The Mc Mohan line separates India and
China along the Eastern border
2. The Radcliffe line demarcates India and
China along the Western border
3. The Durand line separates India and
Pakistan
Choose the correct code from given below
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Pg: 10 – C, B, D;
Pg: 8 – H, T;
Philosophy Jainism Buddhism

God • Denial of existence of God • Later- Boddhisatvas

• Extinction of desire, hatred,

• Escape from the body, though not
Nirvana and ignorance and, ultimately,
from existence
of suffering and rebirth

• Right perception, right knowledge, • Eightfold path, Four Noble

Liberation
and right conduct Truths, Five Perceptions

• Good conduct and self-purification • No concept of elimination by

Karma
to eliminate Karma rebirth

• Does exist in plants and

• Every animate and inanimate
Soul animals, but not in non-living
object
or inanimate things
 Jain text and their contents

Oldest agama; describes the conduct and behavior of

Acharanga Sutra
ascetic life

Sutrakritanga Describes code of conduct for Jain monks

Prasnavyakaranani Description of sins

Samayasara and Niyamasara

Describes the nature of Jivva
 Practice Question – Prelims
Q. Consider the following statements with
respect to Jainism
1. Digambara believes that women cannot
achieve nirvana while Svetambara
believes that women are equally
capable of achieving liberation as a man
2. Digambara holds the opinion that
original texts of Jainism were lost while
Svetambara believe that they have the
original Jain scriptures.
Choose the correct option
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 3
Pg: 14 – C, B, D;
Pg: 12 – H, T;
Domestic systemically important banks

• Recognition by RBI, according to Domestic Systemically Important Banks framework (D-SIBs)

• First introduction in 2014

• Placement of banks in different buckets depending upon Systemic Importance Scores (SISs)

• Requirement of Additional common equity based on bucket.

Tier 1 capital

• Common stock

• Disclosed reserves

 Covers both CRR, SLR

• Certain other assets

 2007 global financial crisis, many
financial institutions failed
Why only 3 banks are identified as D-SIB’s ?

• Reason - most important financial institutions

in the country.
Impact of real economy due to
• Failure - large impact on real economy. interconnectedness

 Additional buffer in times of any exigencies.

Government intervention -
considered necessary to ensure
financial stability
 Practice Question – Prelims
Q. With reference to Basel norms, Consider
the following statements:
1. Basel norms refers to International
banking sector norms, which requires
banks to maintain a minimum Capital
Adequacy Ratio (CAR).
2. India currently follows Basel-III norms.
Which of the statements given above
is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Pg: 14 – C, B, D;
Pg: 12 – H, T;
International Monetary Fund Objectives

• 1944 - Bretton Woods conference. • Ensuring stability of IN monetary system.

• Force - 27th December 1945. • Reduction of global poverty.

• Established along with International Bank • Encouragement of international trade.

for Reconstruction & Development. • Promotion of financial stability & economic
• Headquarters - Washington DC. growth.
Functions consultative

Regulatory • Helping member countries modernise economies.

• Overseeing of economies of member countries. • Capacity development - assistance, policy

advice, and training.
• Economic surveillance - national & global level.
• Technical assistance
Financial
 Fiscal policy, monetary & exchange rate
• Lending to member countries with balance of
policies
payments issues.
 Banking & financial system supervision
• Help – replenishment of IN reserves, stabilize
national currencies & economic growth.  Regulation and Statistics.
Special Drawing Rights Practice Question – Prelims
Q. With reference to the Special Drawing Rights
• 1969 - supplementary IN reserve asset.
(SDR) of International Monetary Fund (IMF),
• Purpose consider the following statements:
1. It is a type of currency held by the IMF.
 To supplement official reserves of nations.
2. The value of SDR is based on the U.S. dollar
 Exchange for currencies - during only.
financial crises.
3. It can be exchanged for the currencies of
• Value of SDR - U.S. dollar, euro, Chinese the IMF member nations in case of
renminbi, Japanese yen & British pound
financial crises.
sterling. Which of the statements given above is/are
incorrect?
• Neither a currency nor a claim on IMF.
(a) 1 and 2
• Claim of currency held by IMF member (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
countries.
(d) 1, 2 and 3
 Practice Question – Prelims Practice Question – Prelims
Q. Consider the following statements with Q. Consider the following statements
respect to Purchasing Manager Index (PMI)
1. The Mc Mohan line separates India and
1. It is an index of the prevailing direction China along the Eastern border
of economic trends in the
manufacturing sector only 2. The Radcliffe line demarcates India and
China along the Western border
2. If the score for a particular month is 55,
it denotes contraction in the sectors 3. The Durand line separates India and
Pakistan
Choose the correct option
Choose the correct code from given below
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only (a) 1 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
 Practice Question – Prelims
Practice Question – Prelims
Q. Consider the following statements with
respect to Jainism Q. With reference to Basel norms, Consider
the following statements:
1. Digambara believes that women cannot
achieve nirvana while Svetambara 1. Basel norms refers to International
believes that women are equally banking sector norms, which requires
capable of achieving liberation as a man banks to maintain a minimum Capital
Adequacy Ratio (CAR).
2. Digambara holds the opinion that
original texts of Jainism were lost while 2. India currently follows Basel-III norms.
Svetambara believe that they have the Which of the statements given above
original Jain scriptures. is/are correct?
Choose the correct option a) 1 only
(a) 1 only b) 2 only
(b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 3
 Quiz – 03/01/2023
Q. With reference to the Special Drawing Rights
(SDR) of International Monetary Fund (IMF),
consider the following statements:
Practice Question – Prelims
1. It is a type of currency held by the IMF.
Answers
2. The value of SDR is based on the U.S. dollar
only. Q1. Option D
3. It can be exchanged for the currencies of Q2. Option A
the IMF member nations in case of
financial crises. Q3. Option C
Which of the statements given above is/are Q4. Option A
incorrect?
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
 Practice Question – Mains
GS – III Practice Question – Mains
Q. Discuss the problems associated with prisons
GS – III
in India and give some solutions to improve
the situation. Q. The constitution bench of the
Supreme Court recently upheld
(150 words, 10 marks)
the validity of the 2016
demonetization. In this context,
Practice Question – Mains
write about the stated advantages
GS – II of demonetization. Did the
government achieve the stated
Q. With the Forest rules, 2022 notified by the
advantage?
government recently, What are the issues
present in it, which has led to the tussle (150 Words, 10 Marks)
between National Commission of Schedule
Tribes and the union government.
(150 Words, 10 Marks)