16-11-2022

16-NOVEMBER-2022

The Hindu News Analysis – 16th November 2022 – Shankar IAS Academy
S. Page Number*
News Articles
No. C B D H T

1 Undermining federalism, eroding States’ autonomy (Editorial) 8 8 6 8 6

2 Population growth is stabilising in India: UN 11 11 1 11 9

3 As Chinese student strength falls in U.S., Indians fill the gap 12 12 12 12 10

4 Murmu flags off usage of PESA Act rules in M.P. 10 10 12 10 8

5 Govt. plans to hike RCS levy, airfares to go up from April 12 12 12 12 10

6 Nine Russian banks open vostro accounts for ₹ trade 14 14 14 14 12

7 Prelims Practice Questions

@ end of the video
8 Mains Practice Question
*C – Chennai; B – Bengaluru; D – Delhi; H – Hyderabad; T – Thiruvananthapuram
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Pg: 8 – C, B, H;
Pg: 6 – D, T;

Part A—Preliminary Examination

Paper I - (200 marks)
• Current events of national and international importance.
• Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.
Part B—Main Examination
PAPER-III
General Studies‐ II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations.
• Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and
basic structure.
• Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal
structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
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Issues between Centre & States

Federalism
1. NITI Aayog
• Same territory - controlled by 2 govt.
• Establishment - Jan 1, 2015 Cabinet Resolution.
 Central government.
• Replacement for Planning Commission.
 State government.
• Reason for replacement

 One-size-fits-all approach.

 Leads to tensions & disturbance of harmony.

• Objective of NITI Aayog

 Promotion of cooperative federalism - through

structured support initiatives.

• Issue - steps not taken to promote cooperative

federalism.

2. Finance Commission
3. Off budget borrowings
• Tradition - treat recommendations as
awards. • Loans taken by the state government
entities, special purpose vehicles - not
• 15th FC recommendations
a State’s debt.
 Special grant to 3 states - ₹6,764 crore.
• Centre’s move
 Special grants of ₹7,735 crore for
 Borrowings repaid from the State
nutrition.
budgets considered as States’
 Sector-specific grants and State-specific borrowings from 2021-22.
grants - ₹1,29,987 cr. and ₹49,599 cr.,
 Adjusted against borrowing limits
respectively.
under FRBM Act.
• Issue - Recommendations not accepted by
Centre.
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• Unfair act
• Reasons cited
 State off budget borrowings - capital
 Recommendation of 15th FC
expenditure.
 Governments at all tiers - resist
 Centre off budget borrowings - revenue
further Additions to off-Budget
expenditure.
transactions.
 CAG report on the Compliance of FRBM
 Examination of the situation by a
Act for 2017-18 and 2018-19.
high-powered intergovernmental group.
 Instances of meeting RE through Extra
 Amendment of FRBM act.
Budgetary Resources.

4. Cess & surcharge

5. Centrally Sponsored schemes (CSS)
• As per Constitution - Not sharable to States.
• Committee - need to curtail
• 15th FC - tax devolution - 41%
the number of CSS.
 Sharable - 29.6%
 Centre - grouping under
• Data umbrella schemes.

 Cess & surcharge % increase - 13.5% to 20% in

• Increase in State’s share in
2022-23. 2015.

 C&AG Audit Report on Union Govt Accounts 2018-19.  Sub-Committee of Chief

 2,74,592 cr. - 35 cesses. Ministers by NITI Aayog.

 1,64,322 cr. - allotted for dedicated funds.  Introduction of optional

schemes.
 Remaining - Consolidated Fund of India.
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• CSS - operated in States subject.

 Enactment of farm laws. Conclusion

 Agriculture - State subject. • Centre - not taking steps to promote

Cooperative federalism.
 Centre enacted based on Entry 33 in
Concurrent list. • Centre policies - threat to Indian federation.

 Trade and commerce in the production,

supply and distribution of foodstuffs
including edible oils and oils.

Practice Question – Mains

GS – II
Q. Enlist the issues faced by Centre and
States that threaten the spirit of Indian
federation.
(150 words, 10 marks)
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Pg: 11 – C, B, H;
Pg: 1 – D;
Pg: 9 – T;

Total fertility rate

• Total number of children born or likely to be

born to a woman in her lifetime.

• Lifetime - women’s childbearing years (15 to 49).

• Replacement level fertility

 Population exactly replaces itself from one

generation to the next.

 Indicates the population stability.

 TFR of about 2.1 children per woman

• TFR lower than 2.1 - generation is not producing

enough children to replace itself.
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Trends in India’s total fertility rate -
NFHS 5
• Declined from 2.2 in 2015-16 to 2.0 in 2019-
21.
• Decline - significant progress of population
control measures.
TFR trend in India between 1992-93 &
2019-21
• Declined from 3.4 children to 2.0.
• Rural areas - declined from 3.7 to 2.1.
• Urban areas - declined from 2.7 to 1.6.

• Many states - achieved the TFR of 2.1

• Wide inter-regional variations.

 Bihar - 2.98  Uttar Pradesh - 2.35

 Meghalaya - 2.91  Jharkhand - 2.26

 Manipur - 2.17.

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. With reference to Total Fertility Rate, consider
the following statements:
1. It refers to the total number of children
born or likely to be born to a woman in her
lifetime.
2. Total Fertility Rate of about 2.1 children per
woman is called Replacement-level fertility.
3. Total Fertility Rate in India is steadily
increasing over the recent years.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
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Pg: 12 – C, B, D, H;
Pg: 10 – T;

Data on students going abroad

• 1st 3 months of 2022 - 1,33,135 students.

Indian universities

• State Universities - 456

• Deemed Universities - 126

• Central Universities - 54

• Private Universities - 419

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Availability of diverse
job opportunity
Reasons for going abroad

Better quality of
education

Gaps in the India’s

education infrastructure

Concept of meritocracy

False mental perception

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements regarding
Need to reduce number of students going National Institute Ranking Framework NIRF
abroad
1. NIRF is launched by the Ministry of Skill
• Brain drain development and Entrepreneurship.
2. The parameters based on which the
 Educated & skilled people work in foreign
ranking is decided include Teaching,
countries for better conditions & pay.
Learning and Resources and Graduation
• Money drain Outcome only

 Estimated expenditure on studies in

Which of the above statements is/are
incorrect?
abroad - $ 85 billion.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
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Pg: 10 – C, B, H; Pg: 12 –
Pg: 8 – T; Delhi Edition;

Fifth Schedule - 244(1)

• Administration and management of Scheduled

areas and Scheduled tribes.

• Scheduled Areas - President may by order

declare to be Scheduled Areas’.

• States - Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat,

Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan and Telangana.

• 6th schedule - Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and

Mizoram.
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Jurisdiction over scheduled areas

Tribes Advisory Council
• Article 339 - Union Government
• Section 4 - Constitutional entities to deal
with the welfare and advancement of STs. • Governor - report annually to the President.

• 20 members - Three-fourths should be • Union government - give instructions to the

representative of STs in the state states.

legislative assembly.

• Role Power to declare Scheduled Area

 Advise the Governor - welfare and • Section 6(2) - President can increase or
advancement of the STs. alter or delete the territory of the

 Governor - authority to set regulations to Scheduled Areas at any time.

the council. • Done after consultation with the State

Governments concerned.

Current Year Question – 2022 UPSC Prelims

Q. If a particular area is brought under the
Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India,
which one of the following statements
best reflects the consequence of it?
(a) This would prevent the transfer of land
of tribal people to non-tribal people.
(b) This would create a local self-
governing body in that area.
(c) This would convert that area into a
Union Territory.
(d) The State having such areas would be
declared a Special Category State.
 16-11-2022

Pg: 12 – C, B, D, H;
Pg: 10 – T;

UDAN scheme

• Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik - let the common man fly.

• April 2017 - Ministry of Civil Aviation.

• Component of the NCAP 2016

• NCAP 2016 - growth of various aviation subsectors

like airlines, Airports, cargo.

• Developing regional air routes - 1000 regional

air connecting routes.

• Development of 50 unserved & underserved

airports and 5 heliports.

• Selection of airlines - bidding process.

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Objectives

• Connect small and medium cities with big

cities through air service.
Funding
• Airfare - 2500 rupees for 500 km.
• Government offers incentives to airlines to
 One-hour journey by fixed wing aircraft. flag off new flights.

 Half an hour journey by helicopter. • government provide concessions and financial

support to the airlines.
• Revival of unused and under-utilised
airstrips in the country.

• Boost regional aviation market, by

improving the profitability.

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. With reference to the UDAN scheme or Regional
Connectivity Scheme, consider the following
statements:
1. It is a flagship scheme of Ministry of Civil
Aviation.
2. Under the scheme, only existing airports will
be developed.
3. The airfare is fixed at Rs.2500 for a one-hour
journey by a fixed wing aircraft for about 500
km.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
 16-11-2022

Background

• US Dollar retained the top position among

the world currencies since World War II.

 Strong US economy.

 Trust in US Dollar.

• Exchange rate crucial for India.

 India dependent of imports for essential

commodities like edible oil, crude and API.

 High import bill - high inflation in India.

Pg: 14 – C, B, D, H;
Pg: 12 – T;

Basics
• Vostro Account
• Nostro Account
 Latin - “Your”
 Latin - “Our”  Account maintained by an Foreign bank
 Account maintained by an Indian bank in in an Indian bank.
a foreign bank.
 Denominated in Rupee.
 Denominated in foreign currency.

SBI CITIBank

SBI
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Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements regarding
National Institute Ranking Framework NIRF
1. NIRF is launched by the Ministry of Skill
development and Entrepreneurship.
2. The parameters based on which the
ranking is decided include Teaching,
Learning and Resources and Graduation
Outcome only
Which of the above statements is/are
incorrect?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
 16-11-2022

Practice Question – Prelims Practice Question – Prelims

Q. With reference to Total Fertility Rate, consider Q. With reference to the UDAN scheme or Regional
the following statements: Connectivity Scheme, consider the following
statements:
1. It refers to the total number of children
born or likely to be born to a woman in her 1. It is a flagship scheme of Ministry of Civil
lifetime. Aviation.
2. Under the scheme, only existing airports will
2. Total Fertility Rate of about 2.1 children per
be developed.
woman is called Replacement-level fertility.
3. The airfare is fixed at Rs.2500 for a one-hour
3. Total Fertility Rate in India is steadily
journey by a fixed wing aircraft for about 500
increasing over the recent years. km.
Which of the statements given above is/are Which of the statements given above is/are
correct? correct?
(a) 1 and 2 (a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (c) 1 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
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Correct answers
Q1. Option (c)
Q2. Option (a)
Q3. Option (c)

Quiz Question (16/11/2022)

Current Year Question – 2022 UPSC Prelims
Q. If a particular area is brought under the
Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India,
which one of the following statements
best reflects the consequence of it?
(a) This would prevent the transfer of land
of tribal people to non-tribal people.
(b) This would create a local self-
governing body in that area.
(c) This would convert that area into a
Union Territory.
(d) The State having such areas would be
declared a Special Category State.
 16-11-2022

Practice Question – Mains

GS – II
Q. Enlist the issues faced by Centre and
States that threaten the spirit of Indian
federation.
(150 words, 10 marks)