Tutorial 1: Physics for Engineers (Materials Science)

Model theory and atomic energy, atomic bonding, ion and molecules

1) Give the electron configurations for the following ions: Fe 2+, Cu+, Br−, O2−,

2) Without consulting Figure 2.6 or Table 2.2, (refer to Callister Book) determine
whether each of the electron configurations given below is an inert gas, a
halogen, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, ora transition metal. Justify your
choices.
(a) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d7 4s2
(d) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2

3) Briefly cite the main differences between ionic, covalent, and metallic bonding.

4) Compute the percents ionic character of the interatomic bonds for the following
compounds:TiO2, ZnTe,

5) What type(s) of bonding would be expected for each of the following materials:
brass (acopper-zinc alloy), rubber, barium sulfide (BaS), solid xenon, bronze,
nylon, and aluminum phosphide (AlP)?

Unit Cells: Metallic Crystal Structures

1) If the atomic radius of aluminum is 0.143 nm, calculate the volume of its unit cell
in cubic meters

2) Show for the body-centered cubic crystal structure that the unit cell edge length a
and the atomic radius R are related through 𝑎 = 4𝑅/√3

Crystal Systems

1) The accompanying figure below (Figure 1) shows a unit cell for a hypothetical
metal.
(a) To which crystal system does this unit cell belong?
(b) What would this crystal structure be called?
(c) Calculate the density of the material, given that its atomic weight is 145
g/mol.
 Figure 1

2) List the point coordinates for all atoms that are associated with the FCC unit cell
(Figure 3.1).
1 1
3) Sketch a tetragonal unit cell, and within that cell indicate locations of the 1
2 2
1 1 3
and 4 point coordinates.
2 4

4) Sketch a monoclinic unit cell, and within that cell a [0 1̅ 1] direction.

5) What are the indices for the two planes drawn in the sketch below?

6) Sketch within a cubic unit cell the following planes

(a) (1 1 2̅)
(b) (1̅ 2 3̅)
(c) (0 1̅ 3̅)
X-ray Diffraction: Determination of Crystal Structures

1) Using the data for molybdenum in Table 3.1, compute the interplanar spacing for
the (111) set of planes.

2) For which set of crystallographic planes will a first-order diffraction peak occur at
a diffraction angle of 46.21o for BCC iron when monochromatic radiation having a
wavelength of 0.071 nm is used?