DIGITAL PROTECTION OF

POWER SYSTEM
OVERVOLTAGES AND LIGHTNING

Submitted by,
Aziya N
Roll no: 6
M2PSC
 VOLTAGE SURGE

• Sudden rise in voltage for a very short time

• Causes from switching mainly lightning
 CAUSES OF OVERVOLATGES

• External Overvoltage
• Internal Overvoltage
 EXTERNAL OVERVOLTAGES

• Direct lightning strokes

• Electromagnetically induced overvoltages due to lightning discharge taking
place near the line
• Voltages induced due to changing atmospheric conditions along the line length
 INTERNAL OVERVOLTAGES

• Switching overvoltages (or transient overvoltages of high frequency)

• Temporary overvoltages (or steady-state overvoltages of power frequency)
• Insulation failure
 LIGHTNING

• The discharge of the charged cloud to the ground is called

lightning phenomena
• Cloud is raised to such a higher potential with respect to the
ground and the air gets breakdown
• The cloud becomes negatively charged and has a larger layer of
positive charge at its top
• Lower part of the cloud is negatively charged and the ground
gets positively charged by induction
• Lighting discharge requires breakdown of the dielectric
medium, i.e. air between the negatively charged cloud and the
positively charged ground.
 HARMFUL EFFECTS OF LIGHTNING

• The travelling wave produced due to lightning surge will shatter the insulators
or even wreck the lines
• If the travelling waves hit the windings of transformers or generators, it may
cause considerable damage
• Arc initiated by lightning strokes in line produces oscillations and it causes
damage to equipments connected to the line
 PROTECTION AGAINST LIGHTNING

• Earthing screen
• Overhead ground wires
• Lightning arresters or surge diverters
 EARTHING SCREEN

• Power stations can be protected against direct lightning strokes

• Consists of a network of copper conductors mounted all over the electrical
equipment
• Earthing screen provides a low resistance path to the ground for lightning
protection
 OVERHEAD GROUND WIRES

• Protection to transmission lines

against lightning strokes
• Ground wires are grounded at
each tower with lower resistance
 LIGHTNING ARRESTERS

Lightning Arresters is a protective device which conducts the high

voltage surges on the power system to the ground
THANK YOU