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    16 views231 pages

    Technical Handbook Part-1

    Uploaded by

    avinash sonkar

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 231
    ARG TA Ba, amet} at, ae a ow (RE meta war erat tartare TR) ae SPS TM Te Ra TET wy “arf, oh fe ores ae, are, Phas, ears, eof shy waa a eactaan, wear sth ore at “ere srt a fre en we A era aR oh ore AL Cre he eS) BARE we aA aya aan & fare qavinet tar ann ga afters err 4 sot aga 26 TARR, 1949 ¥. (Ala anid yaa war. Haq a so we amit) aot gage ge tera wh sigs, anata ott once wea B wreita ata (National Song) aa Way | ae aA Wer! yrary rors Weretr4 | wel Tae FIERA | TS AT | ya water gets afr geal Baha gece MAA genkey age saftey Faery RET AAR TS AAT — afer ae aeolt zeta 71 (National Anthem) oro aH TY 8 | ares area fee ‘coma fig gorra ATT! aifas Senet 4111 wera weft 71 | vagal om, aa gy ante at mg Ta a TT | TELM TARA Va B, areal ara fT wat, wa’, wae, a a a — edhe arr oe ep rena Poe eno aR wa S ves a ween Odisha - ‘West Bengal - Madhya Pradesh - Bihar - Jharkhand - Chatisgarh - Gujarat - Assom - Sikkim - Arunachal Pradesh a Meghalaya - Manipur - Mizoram - Nagaland - Tripura - Punjab - Haryana - Rajasthan - Uttar Pradesh - Uttrakhand - Delhi - Himanchal Pradesh - Jammu & Kashmir - Maharashtra - Goa - Kerla - Tamil Nadu - Andhra Pradesh - Telangana - Karnataka oa enftta wee Chandigarh - Daman & Diu _ Dadra & Nagar Haveli - Pudduchery - Andman & Nicobar - Lakshadeep - Bhubaneshwar Kolkatta Bhopal Patna Ranchi Raipur Gandhi Nagar Dispur Gangtok ltaNagar Shillong Imphal Aizal Kohima Agartala Chandigarh Chandigarh Jaipur Lucknow Dehradun NewDethi Shimia SriNagar Mumbai Panji Trivanathapuram Chennai Hyderabad Hyderabad Bangluru ‘Chandigarh Daman Silvasa Pudduchery Port Blair Kavaratti Ta Veer B Peet : Uw seep more orden dae ante Rewer | m, cnve onwen Sawa ada fanaa a area 4 at fara. avs wider a comes i ae fe a avs ufava 1. weirs 299 (3650 5 12 585 39, eft 208 2688 3 14 525 2 wager 202 2350 «4 9584 | 40, wee 38 aang 1482 3. srr 362 a0ar, 618g | a. ars ne 138 wz 4 arms 333 40s 72 sa | az. Faure asst ttt 5. women 4935482820 gat | 43, germ 292 assz 716 BA 6 gern 133 2311 5 8 696 44, areriait 267 4402 6 17 474 1 3am 2704558516 | a5, AQT 207 3403 10S a 279 4s 515 4G | a8, HEMI 217 ese a8 9. sitar 18 2015 2 7 705 AT, AH 185 4713 4 9 622 10, wah 139 2093 3 8 619 48. HeraT 7.08 2884 3 4 53.3 4. wryraet 156 soars 10a | a8, Ae 3002500312 ery 416 35s 30744 | 80. GET 354 4008 S47 13. @fre 39 206th ts | st. tag 15977603954 4 arf 4290s sao | oz. peered ats sta 45. ot 322 rex 515 a8 | 3, PRunfge | 214 asat #2853 te whe 303 a7? t6 soe | 5a. ermge 192 267 5 8B ar wren 32948 wa | 85. ermmth ©2874 7st wwe 77 wat 7 tsa | 56, TET 30425284 BT 49, hws 277 4003416 ans | sr. wig ge 50888 zo. chemgere 120 saz 34 gt | 8. amt «= 13 ts35 281 2. wah ted att ed 2. faye 17 ee 650 | 60, Ramin 204 289551423 23. uneirt 146 4505S e458 | ot. Stenger 364057431 48.3 24. aye st a8 st 598 | 2. RHE 142 1646-3908 25, wabfrargerry 15.0 2249 3 6 49.5 63. arm 146 e788 3 8 49.2 26, wih q74 502s 585 | ok. raeterrmniss «115 28 zr. tan 712538 1858s | 5. Geary 321 ase ig ze, rfc «1643409 37a | 66. mireieige «2540 45754154914 zo. wang 273s, kar | 7, rami «tha ao, wears s8 tet 37 woo | oe. me t39 teow awe 230 ats2 349563 | on. eect m9 598651919 32, fixorarz 206361 48a | 70. etic 104 42823 B74 33. tame = 209 2st S63 | 71. wien 1228 19033774 34, a seh ato 615 aa | 72. wauft erga 38. aferar 276 2981 6 Ww 579 AEA AA 18.87 +3044, - - - 36, aa 207 ses tz | 73, eS 142000 - - wa 168 Ds | take E 38, Wer 15.3 4460 4 8 5440 | 75. TTT 22.12 - - - - Bai winter you. | wx. aitts ys a. 1. wal da an caer Stet = © Gr eich ahora 169 2. am, cra areca aA eet 1 ‘© Now Service Connection Charges 173 3. Conceptof AT&C Loss Calculation 3 © Schedule forMise.charges inUPPCL 177 4. Calculate % Voltage Regulation of Distribution Line 5 o try ders 479 5, ware ta Paacht @ Daily use of Important online billing 180 9 srr dar Pret 7 ‘System Reports e San often, da aca, wearer " @ Daily use of Important cases in online 184 © ony den A eT 12 billing system 9 aftaiara ea weahror FATEH 16 © ware are 187 9 wrard anfere seer Frama 25 op aa © sree Pra 30 | 8. wtefea wore: o ara 40 © aaa aval ara oui a afer we Hef 194 © ontun em era a“ mech ere are /saere ar ara 9 Pfam ara oft fa 44 © Testing of 33KV MOCBIVCB/SF-6 Breaker 198 © ya asi i eeram Rasta gan ee St © Testing of 11 KV OCB/VCB/Breaker 204 wel of} aftr @ Testing of 33/11 KV Transformer 208 Tare Aa or pried 56 © fafa car & oniensti few /Mefer 220 ©. aor ta (SIGMA Va arf) 60 wort ot tein Frege Ga Rrewregse eert arrach 1999 woes ceeah fem Pet fo sqaratr ariard 74 © Protection & Metering 248 6. Rea year Per, arene, werred STAR: | 9. ure /tabat HA Tare we ? ores Faget Prat an aT 95 ord ar faior 247 © Wrens fea cas ange we AY 108 eo nim ehigfs arava Mfia fra ora 2g 261 o gn gen & yer ore 109 tea ara © arterial & fore neat Peet 109 © Orders related toestimate 274 © Raga gear tg oRtenftal qa anterital #110 @ Stock|ssueRatesforthe Year2018-19 282 woevenfater @ RESPOCost Schedule 2018-19 284 © faga geal & ae dq srifaa arena 119 | 49. 33/11 KV Sub-Station & Lines (Construction, frock 8 erafera/aera sen saan era 122 Repair & Maintenance) and Technical Data: o Baga gion at fetid wet 3 fare are ize © Detailed Specifications forexternal 317 eo Raga Gren 8 ware Agere one 128 Electrification Work 7 figa sfaa—2003 B wep sim, WoT © Erection of 33/11 KV Sub-station 358 ute, ara wee va sar fga waa : Earthing 367 © Riga afaPan—2003 451 @ Maintenanceof Record at Secondary 372 © Electricity Rate Schedule (Tariff)forthe 160 FY-2018-19 by UPERC © Highlights ofthe Electricity Act,2003 163 © Supply Type for Bill 168 ‘Substation Dally Log Sheet Stoppage Report Register Supply Stoppage S.T.W. Register 374 374 374 wa ite wed | wai, you © Battery Maintenance Register 375 @ ToCleanthe Pin and Disc Insulator 410 Line Losses Register Units (Recd.) ‘376 @ Replacement ofa Damaged Insulator Att © Statistics of Feeder ‘376 © Field Testing of Line Insulators by aMegger41? Movement Register of Staff 377 @ Guardian Overhead Lines 413 © Certificate for Compliance of Work 377 @ ToMake Twist Sleeve Joints for 4t4 @ Maintenance Diary, 378 AllAluminium Conductors: © Defects Register 379 ‘@ ToMake Compression Sleeve Joints for 415 Maintenance Schedule of Distribution 379 ACSR Conductors ‘Transformer @ Preparation of an Earth Pit A16 @ Maintenance Schedule of Power Transformer380 @ Measurement of Earth-Electrode Resistance 417, ‘© Identification of Parts ‘Components of 381 ‘@ Checking Earth Continuity ConductorResistance 419 Domestic and Industrial Supply Lines @ Measurement of Earth Resistivity 420 @ Practice of Making Test Report of an 382 @ Inspection of Overhead Lines 421 Electrical Installation @ Location of Low Resistance Cables Faults 422 ‘© Connection of Lamps.and Domestic 382 ‘@ Preparation of Trenches-Cable Ducts 423. Appliances in Series and in Parallel © Cutting and Sealing Cable Ends: 424 © UseofPhase Tester and TestLamp 383 @ Preparation of Cable ends for Jointing 425 ‘© Making Brittania Joint 384 @ Forrule Preparation 428 © Making a Western Uncon Joint 384 © Soldering/Crimping of Lugs with Cable Ends 429 © Makinga TJoint 385 @ Making Straight Through Joints in 430 ‘© Practice ofSitePositionofPolesand 385 Underground Cables, Drilling of Holes. © Making'T' Joints inUndergroundCables 433 ‘¢ Practice ofDiggingHolesandErection 386 © Testing of Underground Cables: 436 ofPoles: @ Termination of Cables ina Pot-Head 437 © Practice ofFixing DifferentFittingsof 388 © Listing and Mounting of Jointed Cable 438 Poles such as Cross-arms, Insulater, Assembly onthe Pole and Connecting ‘Stay-wires, Guy Pole/Wires with Overhead Lines © Practice of Testing theAlignment ofPoles 390 © Erectionofa ler Pillar Box 440 © Practice of Stringing and Sagging 301 # Method of Mounting 2 Pole Type 442 Overhead Line Conductors, Transformer and ts Connections ¢ Practice of Joining Overhead Line 394 8 NSM, Reafrar 4 on ah arrent, 446 Conductors aRM ote Prereor . aehieleaaal Rules for High 395, 9 sata me Hh Pufta Aidan art aro 449 fension Wor ser dtu © TomakeaJumperConnection 400 9 we eer ed areal ar ead ar 40 . ee Tower “ oe © def ed gem weer 464 pg eed © 33184, onbai eRe sway 467 Pull of for Correct Sag and Tanya 14. Transmission : Constructi f Li & © Study of Different Types of Line Insulators 404 a aaa 5 ema pecs es © Installation of Vibration Dampers: 405 perc a 2 Binding Pintnoviatons = © Construction of EHV Transmission Lines 471 et Bicding aharise steers soe * Typical Sag-Tension Calculations of 481 © Clamping of Disc Insulators 409 LA 2208 Trensrelasion Ling: ii wei vite ged. | wa. vite wou. @ Types of Soil & All Types of Foundations 483 @ Open Tender System 551 used in Transmission Lines & Classification © Contacts, Tenders and Specification 554 12. © DifferentMaintenanceProcoduresin 487 Transmisson Systems & Introduction to Lino Maintenance Using HSM & BHT ‘© Roportofthe Committee forpaymentof 495 Compensation in regard to Right of way (RoW) for transmission lines Audit & Accounts arr gftcran (wath) 503, @ Record of Measurements 508 © Information Cash of Book 514 9 sos sitet 8 area efrorsi A at a ra fea fae 516 © strony qe ict (Tools &Planis) @ afer A 518 “ear Real A aA era fre fre Comptroller and Auditor General of India 526 © Duties and Powers of Accountant 528 . uponBid opening, Evaluation& 534 Award of Work, Monitoring of Contract, Contractual Obligation, Liquidation & Guarantee & Warranty ‘© Execution.and Monitoring of Contracts, 540 Contractual Obligations © Security Deposit 5a2 @ Limited / Open Tender System 550 13. 14. 15. 16. 47. 18. 19. 24 UW. wa aT oT sifremry Prearach, 2015 557 ¢ ocaaen aren Praren when ea Rega witearet 576 ‘wrfea med (Citizen Charter) © oot fur a oranfa densi wl cape TTA ory 581 bare ore fier art ya Aensit A TITET an Pha ord & wqdea & Rector mex aT, 9 Sa. gee areata forties ot ort Yar 581 snreo faPr—2011 ward — fades (P.D.) 581 sieht afaer FF (Contributory Provident Fund) o sirarh wferer Fafa gee 599 ae ed wet (6a Aer, 7a Barra Ws aI aii waftra orem) eit © Applicable Rate of Interest on G.P.FIC.P.F. 630 © DA:History 631 ‘ager seu (Important Orders) 653 ‘AecTyol MTAT (Important Proforma) 685 Acronyms and Abbreviations as used in 701 On-line Billing Application & Daily use Medical Tests Records 708 oul aa a wearers sa yadi vouo wea faga vitva (fo 14.01.2000 3 yd) | feria 14.01.2000 3 faaedtara [= cree oreciters fio | | Seve eT Fags deci | ~ Tea a arta fags vere va Raga eae | PaoftoPofee || faoftofofeie || flofofoftio [set] ‘Boro Way eras feo Ht dea Vt Se es oe es es Fe a are ss) sity Rew (ia Aattee a) ) ————— oud (oreite an) ==) 1 + 1 c z 1 r r © las las)! (ee) (se (es les) fee ears || Beem. || "han com J {Serer | | Gren 2 r he Goan) Seentss freee | | Pear (om) |e ics (ess ee ‘leet = a) aed fe a € 5 ‘lf ; é nt Canam} [ c CONCEPT OF AT&C LOSS CALCULATION In a absence of feeder metering in the past, substantial portion of T&D loss. including theft of electricity was attributed to agricultural corsumption. While agricultural consumption was ground 20-25%, utilities were showing it as, 36-40% and conrespordingly T&D losses were shown as 20-25%. Also T&D loss was being computed by showing electricity bills issued to consumers as accured income, and not on the basis of actual collection. Therefore T&D loss figures did nat capture the major gap between the billing and the collection power and above large’ scale of thett. To get ‘over this problem the concept of Aggregate Technical & Commercial (AT&C) loss was introduced. AT&C Loss Calculation 'tis the difference between energy input units into the system and the units for which the payment is collected. ATC Loss is the actual measure of overall efficiency of the distribution business as of measures both technical as well as commercial losses. Input - En li ATC Loss (%) G Energy Input Energy Realised = Energy Billed X Collection Efficiency Amount Realised x 100. “Amount Billed Collection Efficiency (%) or Revenue Collected (in Rs. . Billed Amount (in Rs.) Biling Efficiency = Total Units Sold (kwh) ‘Total Input energy (Kwh) AT8C Losses = L1-(Bilina x Collecting x 100 Efficiency Collecting Efficiency asons for Technical Losses Overloading of existing lines and substation equipments. ‘Absence of Upgradation of old lines and equipments. Low HT LT ratio, Poor repair and maintenance of equipments, Non-Installation of Capacitors for power factor correction, ain for © Low metering / billing / collection efficiency. © Theft of electricity by illegal connection. © Tampering of metering system. ‘® Low accountabilty of employees and coruption. ‘© Absence of Energy Audit and Accounting ge fos orien 1. waka tri = ea orga Sea P emi Res gafl (MU) 2. afta Reh Ste eae 5 ed _ | Beware ate (@ are A) ‘ye Prefer (Categorywise Energy Billed x %e) Example for AT&C Losses: Aggregate Technical and Commercial losses (AT&C) is the measure of energy received in respect to revenue collection. For example If 100 units are received at a S/S and line loss is 10% then 90 units is energy sold Now if energy is sold @ Rs 10/unit then assessment is Rs 900. * Now If revenue collection is Rs 810 then collection efficiency is 90%. ie. AT&C= 4- (energy billed x revenue collection efficiency) Further Energy billed = 1-ine loss Collection efficiency = revenue collection/revenue assessment ATAC = 1-((14ine loss)(collection efficiency) = 1-(0.9*0.9) Calculate % Voltage Regulation of Distribution Line Calculate Voltage drop and % Voltage Regulation at Trail end of following-11 KV Distribution system : © System have ACSR DOG Conductor (Al 6/4.72, GI7/.57) © Current Capacity of ACSR Conductor = 205Amp, * Resistance = 0.27920 and Reactance = 0 2, Permissible limit of % Voltage Regulation at Trail end is 5%. 14 KV Power Distribution Method-1 (Distance Base) Voltage Drop = ( (V3x(RCosp +XSino)x 1) / (No of Gonductor/Phase x1000))x Length of Line Voltage drop at Load A © Load Current at Point A (I) = KW / 1.732xVoltxF Load Current at Point A (I) =1500/ 1.732x11 000x0.8 = 98 Amp. Required No of conductor / Phase =98 /205 =0.47 Amp =1 No Voltage Drop at Point A = ( (Y3x(RCos¢+XSind)xl ) / (No of Conductor/Phase x1000))x Length of Line Voltage Drop at Point A =((1.732x (0.272x0.8+0x0.6)x98) /1 x1 000)x1800) = 57 Volt Receiving end Voltage at Point A = Sending end Volt-Voltage Drop= (1100-57) = 10943 Volt. % Voltage Regulation at Point A = ((Sending end Volt-Receiving end Volt) / Receiving end Volt) x100. % Voltage Regulation at Point A = ((1 1000-10943) /10943 }x100 = 0.52% * % Voltage Regulation at Point A =0.52 % Voltage drop at Load B * Load Current at Point B (I) = KW /1.732xVoltxP.F Load Current at Point B (I) =1800 /1.732x11000x0.8 = 118 Amp. Distance from source= 1500+1800=3300 Meter. Voltage Drop at Point B = ( v3x(RCos¢+XSing)x! )/ (No of Conductor/Phase x1000))x Length of Line Voltage Drop at Point B =((1.732x (0.272x0.8+0x0.6)x98) /1 x1000)x3300) = 266 Volt Receiving end Voltage at Point B = Sending end Volt-Voltage Drop= (1100-266) = 10734 Vol. % Voltage Regulation at Point B= ((Sending end Volt-Reeceiving end Volt) / Receiving end Volt) x100 2% Voltage Regulation at Point B= (11000-10734) 10734 x100 = 2.48% % Voltage Regulation at Point B =2.48 % Voltage drop at Load C © Load Current at Point C (I) = KW /1.732xVolkbPF © Load Current at Point C (I) =2000 /1.782x11000x0.8 = 131 Amp * Distance from source= 1500+1800+2000=5300 Meter. 5s eee ee eee Voltage Drop at Point C = ( (V3x(RCos0+XSin ¢)x!) / (No of Conductor/Phase x1000))x Length of Line Voltage Drop at Point C =((1.732x (0.272x0.8+0x0.6)x98) /1 x1000)x5300) = 269 Volt Receiving end Voltage at Point C = Sending end Volt-Vollage Drop= (1100-269) = 10731 Vol. % Voltage Regulaticn at Point C= ((Sending end Volt-Receiving end Volt) / Receiving end Volt) x100, % Voltage Regulation at Point C= (11000-10731) /10731 }x100 = 2.51% % Voltage Regulation at Point ¢ =2.51 % Hore Trail end Point % Voltage Regulation is 2.51 % which is in permissibie limit. Method-2 (Load Base) % Voltage Regulation =(1 x (Reos0+ Xsin)x Length) / No of Cond.per Phase xV (P-N))x100 Voltage drop at Load A Load Currant at Point A (I) = KW/ 1.732xVoIxP.F Load Current at Point A (I) =1500/ 1.732x11 000x0.8 = 98 Amp. Distance from source= 1.500 Km. Required No of conductor / Phase =96 /205 =0.47 Amp =1 No Voltage Drop at Point A = (I x (Reos0+Xsin0)x Length) / V (Phase Neutral)) x 100 Voltage Drop at Point A =((98x(0.272x0.8+0x0.6)xt.5)/ 1 x6351) = 0.52% % Voltage Regulation at Point A =0.52 % ‘Voltage drop at Load B © Load Current at Point B (1) = KW / 1. 732xVoltxP. F © Load Current at Point B (I) =1800/ 1.782x11000x0.8 = 118 Amp. * Distance from source= 1500+1800=3.3Km. i ‘© Required No of conductor / Phase =118/205 =0.57 Amp =1 No * Voltage Drop at Point B = (1 x (Ros0+Xsin0)x Length) / V (Phase Neutral)) x 100 Voltage Drop at Point & =((118x(0.272x0.8+0x0.6)x3.9)/1 x6351) = 1.96% * % Voltage Regulation at Point A =1.96 % Voltage drop at Load C Load Current at Point C (I) = KW/ 1.732xVolbP.F Load Current at Point C (1) =2000/ 1.732x11000x0.8 = 131Amp. Distance from source= 1500+1800+2000=5.3Km. Required No of conductor 1 Phase =131/205 =0.64 Amp =1 No ‘Voltage Drop at Point C = (I x (Roos0+Xsino}x Length) 1 V (Phase Neutral) xi 00 Voltage Drop at Point © =((131x(0.272x0.8+0x0.6)x5.3)/1 x6351) = 2.44% % Voltage Regulation at Point A =2.44 % Here Trail end Point % Voltage Regulation is 2.44% which is in permissible limit. arate Bar Freraracit (General Service Rules) amar ta faa ge wera ufearany ‘arratte Para & onan gw Beh afta am wake Sten & forrer eh ore OY Ata wae ara NAT ee TAT 8128 38, wah al sels Borer eeTA AMT a ere Profs et oA wh wear ved &1 ara: wdae FH te we 1 2 3. @ (ii) ii) a) (2) o w i) aeerpl ofall ar ora wet oh attr wes gitar wes-2, wT a) a ae o Raw & ofa A aA Br ‘Wer (Cadre) — oh dar H new gag S wa A wigs vei Ader Has es - ye Pras 9(4) afore ase fA afeae A ard wed | oD fae eae ete & awe NARA be oh aan feat OTT SHS Rae aren (WIA yaTIT) wea EL pi Ferm 9(6) Regal a fea afufea & — 1. ga fas 966) @)— SREP ur GER d or 4 A ng Nar Ry ah orl 8, a are A ae afl MA a OIL (ya Pram 26 @ ta onfse Faguert 3, 2 ta) RPA EOT TST BA gE we freret BI safest sraearer it wah Bike ete (ara Bt, fra at dex one wre oT we) Oe dex A Gar ty fe omy el Pret 9(6) aroma welea are PeafSferar sraftal wt AM Fg wife Pen on wera Be ames oree spear ART A rer sree fhe TT a Ran 8 arrenfa croc & andl ogee eer ae Gh are Tera aon, (gaa Vela aw) 2B ager oy, ora Path FBgA sre wRterer fy oa A, SATAY oe we ow Faye we AT rt ce aw arf afer art fe ad ers ty FHA , Fa ee ora RRA ere a fer /sreT aM oe ARG a ATT Te & am, Ate ahs eT Fam 2 B90 wer HARA ge E ON em ROTA A AA or orale #1 RA fee ot Reraiterera fort Haare of wet ue dar H, Pgh Sewer a, a orem GE are Fight Beer Foray ones mem weA ala a aval wh ARgA we GTM RI sere re AAS are when (@HTaTTA aAEa) A wea gs aA wa ora at AGA APT OTT et Frm 09 ger 09-¢ @ sienfa Rew era Reda wane accor B gem ws me Bh AGA aT oT eT (eneratet stom oA-1-914/e9, foriw 15.4.82) : WROTE — "aor! weg ar mee Gx, ero ware @ lan 8 ore aH AE Sa wee src ee omer gfe a em Bt CaAs(7-9)) WATS “eoaTTa Wee TT arene Ger TB ToT S een 8 ora Tn AB sean ere hea a Pen en a tu F7.9(7-

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