230 kV Transmission Line Inspection

Report Submitted: February 28, 2020

COMPREHENSIVE VISUAL INSPECTION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction..................................................................................................................................................1
Purpose of Report...................................................................................................................................1
Evaluation Methodology..........................................................................................................................2
Executive Summary....................................................................................................................................3
Inspection Overview................................................................................................................................3
Disclaimer...............................................................................................................................................3
Field Details............................................................................................................................................4
Inspection Process..................................................................................................................................5
Reliability Overview.................................................................................................................................6
Reliability Assessment Findings ...............................................................................................................7
Structures................................................................................................................................................7
Guying................................................................................................................................................... 11
Overhead Shield Wire Hardware (OHSW-HW)..................................................................................... 13
Overhead Shield Wire (OHSW)............................................................................................................. 17
Insulators...............................................................................................................................................21
Conductor Hardware.............................................................................................................................25
Conductor..............................................................................................................................................29
ROW.....................................................................................................................................................33
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................38
Appendix A.................................................................................................................................................39
Classification Systems..........................................................................................................................39
Appendix B.................................................................................................................................................40
Web & Mobile GIS Access....................................................................................................................40
Appendix C.................................................................................................................................................41
PLP® Repair Products............................................................................................................................41
Appendix D.................................................................................................................................................42
Safety....................................................................................................................................................42
Appendix E.................................................................................................................................................43
Operational Procedures........................................................................................................................43
Appendix F.................................................................................................................................................45
Local Weather Conditions.....................................................................................................................45
Appendix G................................................................................................................................................46
Glossary................................................................................................................................................46
Appendix H.................................................................................................................................................49
Additional Photos..................................................................................................................................49
INTRODUCTION

Preformed Line Products’ (PLP®) Inspection Services utilizes a unique team approach to asset
evaluation, combining industry-experienced engineers with a team of professional UAV pilots
operating a modern fleet of multi-payload drones.

PURPOSE OF REPORT

The following written report is intended to provide a general overview of the inspection findings,
including samples of the Reliability Concerns (RCs) identified during the inspection.

An inspection of this size and scope yields a particularly large data set, therefore this report
provides a visual summary of only the most severe findings in each asset category. Please refer
to the provided results map and Excel report for a comprehensive list of findings, which include
sortable categories and detailed comments from PLP’s subject matter experts.

1
INTRODUCTION

EVALUATION METHODOLOGY

PLP Inspection Services’ exclusive Reliability Classification System uses a Level 1 to Level
5 rating scale, with Level 1 (Critical) representing only the most severe reliability concerns.
The priority levels are then used to calculate a Reliability Score for each asset. Please refer to
Appendix A for more information.

RELIABILITY CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

1 RELIABILITY CONCERNS (RCs) are recorded for each asset category.

Based on the quantity and severity of RCs, each asset is assigned a

2 PRIORITY LEVEL.

LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3 LEVEL 4 LEVEL 5

CRITICAL MAJOR POOR MINOR GOOD

ACTION NEEDED MONITOR FOR CHANGES

All priority levels are used to calculate the

3 RELIABILITY SCORE.

< 20% 20 - 54% 55 - 59% 70 - 84% 85 - 100%

LOW RELIABILITY HIGH RELIABILITY

2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

INSPECTION OVERVIEW

For this inspection, PLP Inspection Services partnered with AGUIA Flight Services, utilizing
practical, safe, and cost-effective unmanned aerial system (UAS) technology to inspect a 230-
kV transmission line, in Rondônia, Brazil.

Flight operations began on February 17, 2020 and concluded on February 18, 2020. All
drone flight operations were conducted in compliance with local drone flight regulations and
requirements for commercial drone operations. The drone deployed for this inspection was a
multi-payload DJI Matrice-210 featuring the Zenmuse X5S, a 4K Ultra HD camera. Remote-
controlled stabilized gimbals and manual focus capabilities allowed flight operations at safe
distances above and to the side of the energized lines.

PLP conducted post-processing of the collected data, classified results, and analyzed the asset
conditions. Along with this report, the inspection results package includes all of the collected
images (archived in folders), an interactive color-coded geodatabase file, and an Excel report,
complete with reliability concerns, asset analysis, and detailed engineering notes.

This line inspection is intended to provide an overall view of asset condition and identify
reliability concerns. In the findings throughout the report, asset reliability is classified as: Good,
Minor, Poor, Major, or Critical and color-coded accordingly. The inspection results include an
actionable list of these categorized reliability concerns to help prioritize and support asset
maintenance.

DISCLAIMER

PLP’s inspection was performed through visual assessment techniques only and is limited in its
ability to identify underlying causes of problems along with the presence and state of internal
defects. Any impediments to visual inspection, including but not limited to ice, nest, trees, will
limit PLP’s ability to assess that portion, and PLP disclaims any liability based on its inability
to discover issues that are blocked from view. PLP’s analysis and recommendations are based
solely on the information made available to it, and hereby disclaims any liability based hereupon.
Preformed Line Products offers several products for repairing transmission and distribution lines.
Please refer to Appendix C for more information.

No part of this document may be disclosed, printed, copied, or disseminated in any form or by
any means, to any third party without PLP’s prior written consent.

3
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

FIELD DETAILS

Location Rondônia, Brazil

Line Voltage 230 kV

Length 10 km

Circuits Rondônia

Structures 20

Images Collected 809

Inspection Dates February 17-18, 2020

Equipment DJI Matrice-210, Multi-Payload:

Zenmuse X5S 4K Ultra HD

PLP Crew Renan Ribeiro

4
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

INSPECTION PROCESS

The Field Dashboard Inspection imagery is collected. Asset information is

is created to track the collected and critical
inspection. assets are immediately
relayed on the
Field Dashboard.

!
ANALYSIS

Images are uploaded to PLP’s secure Comprehensive assessment takes place,

network and geolocated to the and reliability concerns are identified for
corresponding structure. each asset.

DELIVERABLES

Actionable data and reports are delivered:

JPG GDB

Excel Report Results Archived Image Esri File Summary Report

Dashboard Files Geodatabase

Dashboards are accessible via web browser.

The maps can also be accessed using the ArcGIS Explorer mobile app.

5
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

RELIABILITY OVERVIEW

Asset Reliability Concern (RC) Summary

Structure (Pole)

Guying

Insulator

Conductor-HW

Conductor

OHSW-HW

OHSW

ROW

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
5-Good 4-Minor 3-Poor 2-Major 1-Critical

System Reliability (SR) Summary

Structure (Pole) 99.5%

Guying 100.0%

Insulator 93.2%

Conductor-HW 90.0%

Conductor 97.9%

OHSW-HW 70%

OHSW 94.2%

ROW 97.9%

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0%
SR Score

6
RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

1 STRUCTURES
Reliability Score = 99.5%
 RELIABILITY SCORE = 99.5%

RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

STRUCTURES

STRUCTURES SUMMARY

Action-Needed RCs (Total)

No actionable Reliability Concerns

(Levels 1-3) were identified
in the Structures category

The following Level 4 (minor)

Reliability Concerns should be
monitored for changes:

RC Total
Wildlife (WLF) 1

RC Severity Overview by Structure

1 18

1-Critical 2-Major 3-Poor 4-Minor 5-Good

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
8
 RELIABILITY SCORE = 99.5%

RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

STRUCTURES

Structure 165.1 Birds nest on structure

9
RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

2 GUYING
Reliability Score = 100%
 RELIABILITY SCORE = 100%

RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

GUYING

GUYING SUMMARY

Action-Needed RCs (Total)

No Reliability Concerns
were identified in the
Guying category.

RC Severity Overview by Structure

14

1-Critical 2-Major 3-Poor 4-Minor 5-Good

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

11
RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

3 OVERHEAD SHIELD WIRE

HARDWARE (OHSW-HW)
Reliability Score = 64.5%
 RELIABILITY SCORE = 64.5%

RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

OHSW-HW

OHSW-HW SUMMARY

Action-Needed RCs (Total)

Ground Wire
Connection
1

Discoloration
3

Improper
Installation
3

RC Severity Overview by Structure

6 11 3

1-Critical 2-Major 3-Poor 4-Minor 5-Good

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
13
 RELIABILITY SCORE = 64.5%

RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

OHSW-HW

Structure 156.1 Loose nut connecting the ground Structure 164.2 Cotter pin not secure
wire to the structure

Structure 156.1 Missing jumper on OHSW Structure 162.2 Discoloration from glue on hardware
compression dead-ends

14
 RELIABILITY SCORE = 64.5%

RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

OHSW-HW

Structure 162.1 Nut not secure on Fiberlign dead-end, and the cable exiting the dead end housing is pulled tight
and the bend radius of the cable exiting the dead-end housing looks too small. Should be 20xR at minimum.

Structure 160.1 Gaps in between rods from double Structure 161.1 Incomplete installation of rods
layer of armor rods. Incomplete installation of rods.

15
RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

4 OVERHEAD SHIELD WIRE

(OHSW)
Reliability Score = 99.5%
 RELIABILITY SCORE = 99.5%

RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

OHSW

OHSW SUMMARY

Action-Needed RCs (Total)

No actionable Reliability Concerns

(Levels 1-3) were identified
in the OHSW category

The following Level 4 (minor)

Reliability Concerns should be
monitored for changes:

RC Total
Deformation (DEF) 1

RC Severity Overview by Structure

1 18

1-Critical 2-Major 3-Poor 4-Minor 5-Good

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

17
 RELIABILITY SCORE = 99.5%

RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

OHSW

Structure 165.1 Deformation on shield wire

18
RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

5 INSULATORS
Reliability Score = 93.2%
 RELIABILITY SCORE = 93.2%

RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

INSULATORS

INSULATORS SUMMARY

Action-Needed RCs (Total)

Corrosion
1

RC Severity Overview by Structure

1 3 15

1-Critical 2-Major 3-Poor 4-Minor 5-Good

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

20
 RELIABILITY SCORE = 93.2%

RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

INSULATORS

Structure 165.1 Corroded insulator stems

Structure 158.2 Crooked insulator bell Structure 164.1 Minor contamination on bells

21
RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

6 CONDUCTOR HARDWARE
Reliability Score = 90%
 RELIABILITY SCORE = 90%

RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

CONDUCTOR-HW

CONDUCTOR-HW SUMMARY

Action-Needed RCs (Total)

Other Improper
Damage Installation
1 1

RC Severity Overview by Structure

1 9 9

1-Critical 2-Major 3-Poor 4-Minor 5-Good

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

23
 RELIABILITY SCORE = 90%

RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

CONDUCTOR-HW

Structure 164.2 Improper installation: rod ends uneven and not completely snapped onto conductor

Structure 160.1 AGS rod ends uneven. They should be Structure 164.1 Incomplete installation of AGS rods
maintained within 51 mm for a line of this voltage (230 kV).

24
 RELIABILITY SCORE = 90%

RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

CONDUCTOR-HW

Structure 163.1 Improper installation: AGS rods ends uneven and not completely snapped onto conductor

Structure 160.1 Electrical tape needs to be removed on rod ends

25
RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

7 CONDUCTOR
Reliability Score = 97.9%
 RELIABILITY SCORE = 97.9%

RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

CONDUCTOR

CONDUCTOR SUMMARY

Action-Needed RCs (Total)

No actionable Reliability Concerns

(Levels 1-3) were identified
in the Conductor category

The following Level 4 (minor)

Reliability Concerns should be
monitored for changes:

RC Total
Discoloration (DSC) 3
Deformation (DEF) 1
Birdcaging(BRDC) 1

RC Severity Overview by Structure

4 15

1-Critical 2-Major 3-Poor 4-Minor 5-Good

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

27
 RELIABILITY SCORE = 97.9%

RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

CONDUCTOR

Structure 163.1 Discolored conductor Structure 163.2 Discolored conductor

Structure 162.2 Outer wire seperation on conductor

28
RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

8 ROW
Reliability Score = 97.9%
 RELIABILITY SCORE = 97.9%

RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

ROW

ROW SUMMARY

Action-Needed RCs (Total)

No actionable Reliability Concerns

(Levels 1-3) were identified
in the ROW category

The following Level 4 (minor)

Reliability Concerns should be
monitored for changes:

RC Total
Vegetation (VEG) 3
Other (OTHR) 1

RC Severity Overview by Structure

4 15

1-Critical 2-Major 3-Poor 4-Minor 5-Good

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

30
 RELIABILITY SCORE = 97.9%

RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

ROW

Structure 160.2 Wood debris in ROW

Structure 163.1 Vegetation in ROW

31
 RELIABILITY SCORE = 97.9%

RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

ROW

Structure 164.2 Vegetation in ROW

Structure 158.2 Vegetation in ROW

32
33
CONCLUSION

Utilizing a modern fleet of drones with multiple sensor capabilities, PLP Inspection Services
conducted a comprehensive aerial inspection of transmission power line circuits in Rondônia,
Brazil. The inspection included the data collection and engineering assessment of the
following assets and associated hardware: structures and framing, overhead shield wire
hardware (OHSW-HW), overhead shield wire (OHSW), guying, insulators, conductor
hardware, conductor, and the right-of-way (ROW).

The inspection revealed a total of 10 actionable Reliability Concerns (RCs), including 8 Poor
findings: six in OHSW Hardware, one in Insulators, and one in Conductor Hardware.

This inspection is intended an overall view of asset condition, directing attention to Reliability
Concerns and aiding the utility in prioritizing future maintenance activities.

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APPENDIX A

CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS

RELIABILITY CONCERN (RC) - SEVERITY CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

Level Classification Recommended Action Description

Needs immediate attention; repair A severe condition is occurring or

1 Critical*
or replace component imminent. Public safety concern

Repair/Replace within 6 months Evidence of significant damage;

2 Major*
or further evaluation required Limited asset life expectancy

Repair/Replace within 1 year Evidence of damage but within

3 Poor*
or further evaluation required serviceable life parameters

Monitor for changes at next

4 Minor Evidence of normal wear or damage
routine inspection

5 Good No action required No visible evidence of wear or damage

*Action Needed

RELIABILITY SCORE

Score** Reliability

< 20% Critical Level

20 - 54% Low Level

55 - 69% Low to Medium Level

70 - 84% Medium to High Level

85 - 100% High Level

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APPENDIX B

WEB & MOBILE GIS ACCESS

PLP Inspection Services provides customers with web-based GIS dashboards both during and
after the inspection.

Field Dashboard: Monitor the inspection in real time. See where the PLP field crew is, how
many poles have been inspected, and what percentage of the work is complete.

Results Dashboard: Access post-inspection results, including categorized asset analysis. View
Reliability Concerns and comments from PLP’s subject matter experts.

LOGIN CREDENTIALS

Username: Password:

WEB ACCESS:

MOBILE ACCESS:

1. Download the EXPLORER FOR ARCGIS app (Android or iOS)

2. Select SIGN IN then select ARCGIS ENTERPRISE
3. Enter the following URL exactly as follows:
4. Select CONTINUE
5. Enter the LOGIN CREDENTIALS

https://arcgis.preformed.net/portal

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APPENDIX C

PLP® REPAIR PRODUCTS

Preformed Line Products offers the products listed below for repairing transmission and
distribution lines. Additional information is located on our website: preformed.com under
Transmission Repair Products and within PLP’s manuals on Transmission Repair and
Distribution Repair.

Conductor Splice Line Guard Overhead Shield Wire Repair

ACSR Full Tension Splice THERMOLIGN® Splice Optical Ground Wire Repair
Rod

Armor Rod CUSHION-GRIP® Suspension Splice / Dead-end Shunt

37
APPENDIX D

SAFETY

Safety is the number one consideration during the field inspection and flight operations.

The following were the key strategic elements employed by the team to ensure all flight
operations remained safe:

• Comprehensive planning of the flight operation by experienced personnel, including

assessment and mitigation of risk.
• Adherence to all applicable regulations and restrictions.
• Selection of equipment properly suited to the job.
• Proper maintenance of the equipment by qualified personnel.
• Assignment of personnel for conduct of the flight operation with appropriate and up-to-
date training, certification, and experience.
• Control over access to the site by unauthorized personnel during the flight operation.
• Provisions for all equipment to handle a lesser emergency (e.g., fire extinguisher, first
aid kit).
• Assignment of responsibility for identification and contact of local emergency services
should they be required.
• Identification of nearest hospital and contact numbers.
• Strict adherence to well-developed operational procedures, to include pre and
post-flight inspection, pre and post-flight briefing, an observer to assist the pilot in
command, maintenance of a sterile cockpit environment during the operation, and
training for emergency procedures.
• Respect for the weather and other environmental conditions.
• Respect for the limits of human endurance and the onset of fatigue.

38
APPENDIX E

OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

1. Pre-departure Checks: tasks performed the day before the morning of operations or in
advance.
a. Ground station selections
b. Site evaluation (using Google Earth, etc.)
i. Parking
ii. Obstacles
iii. Airspace
c. Flight plan prep
i. Caching of satellite imagery
d. Aircraft inspection and regular maintenance
e. Equipment inventory
f. SD card inventory
g. Charge all batteries
h. Contact stakeholders as necessary
i. Utility, law enforcement
ii. File NOTAM (NOTice to AirMan), if required.
iii. Check for TFR (Temporary Flight Restrictions)
i. Check weather, GPS quality, Kp-index forecasts

2. On Location Site Survey

a. Locate parking
b. Evaluate current weather conditions
c. Transport equipment to site
d. Identify and measure obstacles
e. Identify radio interference sources
f. Identify takeoff and landing location(s)
g. Identify pilot location(s)
h. Identify non-participant observer location(s)

3. Aircraft Physical Preflight Prep and Check

a. Setup equipment at piloting location(s)
b. Assemble aircraft as required
c. Inspect aircraft and equipment for damage

4. Preflight Briefing
a. Roles and responsibilities of workers
b. Intended flight plan(s)
c. Crew Resource Management review
d. Safety procedures and contingencies
e. Non-participant observer safety briefing

39
APPENDIX E

OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

(Continued from previous page)

5. Aircraft Flight Prep

a. Create flight plan as needed
b. Set max altitude, fail-safes, home point
c. Check IMU, GPS, battery, radio channel
d. Place aircraft at takeoff location

6. Contact ATC if necessary

a. Call sign, location, altitude, duration

7. Perform Mission
a. Start image capturing
b. Monitor GPS quality and communications signal strength
c. Keep altitude within limits
d. Monitor ATC traffic if necessary
e. Monitor local airspace for other traffic
f. Monitor area for non-participating public
g. Monitor local weather

8. Post Landing
a. Stop image capturing
b. Power down aircraft
c. Record mission duration and parameters
d. Backup SD card data
e. Inspect data for image quality and completeness
f. Charge batteries
g. Perform additional flights as needed

9. Pack Up & Departure

a. Contact ATC as necessary
b. Inspect equipment while packing up

40
APPENDIX F

LOCAL WEATHER CONDITIONS

Inspection Dates: February 17-18, 2020

February

Retrieved from: weather.com

41
APPENDIX G

GLOSSARY

ArcGIS Enterprise: The foundational software system for GIS, powering mapping and
visualization, analytics, and data management. It is the main operating system for the Esri suite
of applications and software.

Assessment Dashboard: See Dashboard

Attribute Table: The underlying data of a feature layer. Within attribute tables are rows, which
represent individual features, such as a utility pole.. The attribute table also includes columns,
which represent data for that specific feature (e.g., inspection comments).

AUV Flight Services: Commercial UAS (unmanned aerial system) services company. PLP
Inspection Services contracts AUV (and similar companies) to pair licensed, professional UAV
pilots.

Dashboard: A type of web app that’s used to visualize and report information but does not
support data editing.

PLP Assessment Dashboard: Interactive maps, configurable metrics, and filters that
can be used to explore the inspection results.

PLP Field Inspection Dashboard: A series of visuals provided to display inspection

progress in real time. These visuals include a map of poles completed, current crew
location, and a percentage of inspection progress completed.

E/O Imagery: imagery captured with an electro-optical sensor

Explorer for ArcGIS: An interactive app (available on iOS, Android, and Windows 10) that
provides geospatial data - including inspection results – via mobile devices or the ArcGIS
Explorer desktop app.

Feature Layer: A grouping of similar, geographically referenced features, such as utility poles,
spans, or reference points.

42
APPENDIX G

GLOSSARY

Field Inspection Dashboard: See Dashboard

GDB File/File Geodatabase: A collection of files in a folder on disk that can store, query, and
manage both spatial and nonspatial data.

Georeferenced/Geolocated: Process or technique of identifying the geographical location of an

object by means of digital information processed via the Internet.

Gimbal: A pivoting mechanism that provides a stable housing for sensors attached to UAVs.

GIS (geographic information system): a framework for gathering, managing, analyzing, and
integrating data. It analyzes spatial location and organizes layers of information into visuals using
maps and 3D scenes. GIS reveals deeper insights into data, such as patterns, relationships, and
situations.

IR (infrared radiation): is a region of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum where

wavelengths range from about 700 nanometers (nm) to 1 millimeter (mm). Infrared waves are
longer than those of visible light, but shorter than those of radio waves. Infrared radiation is
used in variety of applications, including thermal imaging. PLP operates in the 8-14 micrometers
spectrum of infrared radiation.

KML File (Keyhole Markup Language file): Keyhole was the founding company of Earth
Viewer software, which was used as the base structure for Google Earth.

KMZ File (Keyhole Markup Language Zipped file): A compressed version of a KML file.
Note: If a customer were to perform an audit, a separate – but identical – survey/feature layer
would be created, leaving PLP’s assessment feature layer unchanged.

Payload: The weight a drone or unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can carry. This weight is usually
counted outside of the weight of the drone itself, including add-ons such as supplemental
cameras or sensors. When a drone carries two sensors, it is referred to as a “dual-payload”
drone. “Multi-payload” drones carry three or more sensors.

Portal for ArcGIS/ArcGIS Portal: A component of ArcGIS Enterprise that allows users to share
maps, apps, and other geographic information within and between organizations.

43
APPENDIX G

GLOSSARY

Reliability Classification System: Used during the analysis portion of the inspection, this
priority-level based system (created by PLP) is used to categorize each asset into one of five
levels. Level 1 conditions are considered Critical.

SME (subject matter expert): An individual with a high level of expertise in a particular area.

Survey 123: The form-centric app used by PLP to make pole assessments.

PLP Inspection Services - Survey 123 Workflow

• Assessment survey is created and published.
• Feature layer is created alongside it.
• Survey submissions populate the layer’s attribute table.
• Pop-up window for each pole point contains a link to the survey.
• Survey is filled out and submitted.

Thermal Imaging: The process of converting infrared radiation (heat) into visible images that
depict the spatial distribution of temperature differences.

Thermography: The use of thermograms to study heat distribution in structures or regions.

UAS (unmanned aerial system): Group of ground control and communication units used in
conjunction with an unmanned aerial vehicle.

UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle): Aircraft designed to be piloted remotely or autonomously.

Web App: Made up of one or more feature layers, these maps include a base map (e.g., satellite
imagery, street view). These underlying maps live within web and data collection apps. Pop-
up windows can be set to appear when an individual feature is clicked, generating an attribute
information display for that feature.

Web Map: An application that opens within a web browser. Web apps typically contain an
interactive web map and can be configured with additional capabilities such as data editing and
basic measurement tools. At PLP, web apps are used during the assessment process.

44
APPENDIX H

ADDITIONAL PHOTOS

45
APPENDIX H

ADDITIONAL PHOTOS

46