MARPOL 1973/1978

(International Convention for the prevention of pollution from ships)

Annex I = Prevention of pollution by oil & oily water. (2 October 1983)

Annex II = Control of pollution by noxious liquid substances in bulk. (6 April 1987)
Annex III = Prevention of pollution by harmful substances carried by sea in packaged form. (1 July 1992)
Annex IV = Pollution by sewage from ships. (27 September 2003)
Annex V = Pollution by garbage from ships. (31 December 1988)
Annex VI = Prevention of air pollution from ships. (19 May 2005)

MARPOL objective is to minimise pollution of the oceans and seas, including dumping, oil and air polution.

SOLAS sets minimum safety standards in the construction, equipment and operation of merchant ships. The
convention requires signatory flag states to ensure the ships flagged by them comply with atleast these standars.

IMO primary purpose is to develop and maintain a comprehensive regulatory framework for shipping and it’s
remit today includes safety, environmental concerns, legal matters, technical co-operation, maritime security and the ef-
ficiency of shipping.

ISM International safety management

IMO International maritime organization
IAMSAR International aeronautical and maritime search & rescue
SOLAS Safety of life at sea
EPIRB Emergency position indicating radio beacon
SART Search and rescue transponder
ECDIS Electronic chart display information system
FFA Fire fighting appliances
LSA Life saving appliances
STCW Standards of training, certification and watchkeeping
GMDSS Global maritime and distress safety system
COLREG 1972 International regulations for preventing collision at sea
COLREG

Rule 1 = Application
Rule 2 = Responsibility
Rule 3 = General definitions
Rule 4 = Application
Rule 5 = Look-out
Rule 6 = Safe speed
Rule 7 = Risk of collision
Rule 8 = Action to avoid collision
Rule 9 = Narrow channels
Rule 10 = Traffic Seperation Schemes
Rule 11 = Application
Rule 12 = Sailing Vessels
Rule 13 = Overtaking
Rule 14 = Head-on situation
Rule 15 = Crossing situation
Rule 16 = Action by give-way vessel
Rule 17 = Action by stand-on vessel
Rule 18 = Responsibilities between vessels
Rule 19 = Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility
Rule 20 = Application
Rule 21 = Definitions
Rule 22 = Visibility of lights
Rule 23 = Power-driven vessels underway
 Rule 24 = Towing and pushing
Rule 25 = Sailing vessels underway and vessel under oars
Rule 26 = Fishing vessels
Rule 27 = Vessels not under command or restricted in her ability to manoeuvre
Rule 28 = Vessels constrained by their draught
Rule 29 = Pilot vessels
Rule 30 = Anchored vessels or vessels aground
Rule 31 = Seaplanes
Rule 32 = Definitions
Rule 33 = Equipment for sound signals
Rule 34 = Manoeuvring and warning signals
Rule 35 = Sound signals in restricted visibility
Rule 36 = Signals to attract attention
Rule 37 = Distress signals

LIGHTS & SHAPES (RULE 20 - RULE 31)

Masthead light (Lumină de catarg) = 225º

Sidelights (Luminile din borduri tribord/babord) = 112,5º for each side
Sternlight (Lumina din pupa) = 135º (67,5º for starboard/port side)
Towing light (Lumina de remorcaj) = 135º (67,5º for starboard/port side)
All-round light (Lumina vizibilă pe întregul orizont) = 360º
Flashing light (Lumină cu sclipiri) = 120 Flashes/Minute.
Special flashing light = 225º (22,5º abaft the beam)

VISIBILITY OF LIGHTS DURING NIGHT

Ships L > 50M: Masthead light = 6 miles

Sidelights = 3 miles
Sternlight = 3 miles
Towing light = 3 miles
All-round light = 3 miles

Ships L=12M<L<50M: Masthead light = 5 miles (If L<20M= 3 miles)

Sidelights = 2 miles
Sternlight = 2 miles
Towing light = 2 miles
All-round light = 2 miles

Ships L < 12M: Masthead light = 2 miles

Sidelights = 1 miles
Sternlight = 2 miles
Towing light = 2 miles
All-round light = 2 miles

Power-driven vessels underway = Masthead light/2nd masthead light abaft and higher/Sidelights/Sternlight.
Air-cushion vessel = Masthead light/2nd masthead light abaft and higher/Sidelights/Sternlight/All round flashing light.
Power-driven vessel < 12M = All-round white light/Sidelights.
Power-driven vessel < 7M/< 7 knots = All-round white light/Sidelights.
Power-driven when towing = 2 Masthead lights (If length of the tow > 200M = 3 Masthead lights)/Sidelights/
Sternlight/Towing light.
Power-driven when pushing ahead or towing alongside = 2 Masthead lights/Sidelights/Sternlight.
A vessel or object being towed = Sidelights/Sternlight.
Sailing vessel underway/under oars = Sidelights/Sternlight.
Sailing vessel < 20M = Could be combined in one lantern where it can be best seen.
Vessel under oars/Sailing vessel < 7M = Lighted lantern white light to prevent collision (not compulsory).
Vessel engaged in trawling = 2 all-round lights (Upper-green/Lower-white).
Vessel engaged in trawling underway = 2 all-round lights(Upper-green/Lower-white)/Sidelights/Sternlight.
Vessel engaged in fishing other than trawling = 2 all-round lights(Upper-red/Lower-white).
Vessel engaged in fishing other than trawling (gear > 150M) = All-round white light.
Vessel engaged in fishing other than trawling underway = 2 all-round lights(Upper-red/Lower-white)/Sidelights/Stern-
light.
Vessel not under command = 2 all-round red lights.
Vessel not under command underway = 2 all-round red lights/Sidelights/Sternlight.
Vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver = 3 all round lights (Red/White/Red).
Vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver underway = 3 all round lights (Red/White/Red)/Masthead light/Sidelights/
Sternlight.
Power-driven vessel engaged in towing operation = 3 all round lights (Red/White/Red).
Vessel engaged in dredging/underwater operations = 2 all round red/green lights.
Vessel engaged in diving operations = 3 all round lights (Red/White/Red) (Only if it is impossible to expose all the
lights).
Vessel engaged in mine clearance operations = Masthead light/2nd masthead light abaft and higher/Sidelights/Stern-
light/3 all round green lights (Indicate that is dangerous to approach within 1000M).
Vessel engaged in mine clearance operations < 12M = Shouldn’t exhibit any lights/shapes.
Vessel constrained by their draught underway = Masthead light/2nd masthead light abaft and higher/Sidelights/Stern-
light/3 all round red lights.
Pilot vessel = 2 all round lights (White/Red).
Pilot vessel underway = 2 all round lights (White/Red)/Sidelights/Sternlight.
Vessel at anchor = 1 all round light at bow/stern at a lower level.
Vessel at anchor < 50M = All round white light.
Vessel aground = 1 all round light at bow/stern at a lower level/2 all round red lights.
Vessel aground < 12M = Shouldn’t exhibit any lights/shapes.
Seaplane = 1 Masthead light/Sidelights.

SOUND SIGNALS (RULE 32 – RULE 37)

Whistle = any sound signaling appliance capable to producing the prescribed blasts.

Vessel 12M > = Whistle & Bell.

Vessel 100M > = Whistle & Bell & Gong.

Short blast = “.” - 1 second.

Long blast = “_” - 4-6 seconds.
Each flash = 1 second at interval less than 10 seconds

Manoeuvring and warning signals:

I am altering course to starboard/One flash - “.”

I am altering course to port/Two flashes - “. .”
I am operating astern propulsion/Three flashes - “. . .”
When vessel in sight of one another are approaching each other and vessel fails to understand the intentions/Please
make your intentions clear - “. . . . .”
A vessel nearing a bend/fairway - “_”

Overtaking:

I intend to overtake you on your starboard side - “_ _ .”

I intend to overtake you on your port side - “_ _ . .”
The vessel about to be overtaken shall indicate her agreement - “_ . _ .”

Sound signals in restricted visibility:

Power-driven vessel underway - “_ _” (Shall sound at not more than 2 minutes)

Power-driven vessel underway but stopped - “_ _ _ _” (Shall sound at not more than 2 minutes)
Not under command/Restricted in her ability to manoeuvre/Constrained by her draught/Towing/Fishing/Sailing - “_ . .”
At anchor – Bell/Gong
Aground – Bell/Gong+3 separate strokes on the bell immediate before and atfer the rapid ringing of the bell
Last vessel in tow - “_ . . .”
Pilot vessel when engaged on pilotage duty - “. . . .”
A vessel < 12M – Shall make a sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes
What is dead reckoning?

The process of calculating one position, especially at sea, by estimating the direction and distance traveled
rather than by using landmarks or astronomical observations.
 What is liferaft?

A liferaft s a small, rigid or inflatable boat carried for emergency evacuation in the event of a disaster on board
a ship. Each liferaft must have a capacity of 6 persons or more.

What to do if man overboard?

First time I will send the alert “man overboard” to alert the crew, press the MOB button on the GPS, throw a
life buoy and dan buoy to the MOB, allocate a crewember to point at the MOB in the water, send a DSC distress alert
and a Mayday, keep pointing “don’t lose sight of the MOB” if the motor has been started.

What is IALA A/B?

IALA = International Association of Lighthouse Authorities

The difference between the two systems is the colour and light characteristics used for lateral marks.

IALA A = port lateral marks and lights are coloured red.

IALA B = starboard lateral marks and lights are coloured green.

Tipuri de extinctoare?

1. CO2 (Dioxid de carbon).

2. Water.
3. Mechanical foam.
4. Dust.

What is deadweight/loadline (waterline)?

Deadweight is measure of how much weight a ship can carry.It is the sum of the weights of cargo, fuel, fresh
water, ballast water, provisions, passengers, and crew.

Waterline (Loadline) is the line where the hull of a ship meets the surface of the water.

Where is the alarm button on the ship and when should it be pressed?

The ship alarm button is on the main deck and is pressed only when there is fire/man overboard (MOB) or
other extreme cases.

Type of lifeboats?

1. Open lifeboats.
1. Partially-enclosed lifeboats.
2. Totally-enclosed lifeboats.
3. Free-fall lifeboats.
4. Hyperbaric lifeboats.
5. Lifeboats with a self-contained air support system.
6. Fire-protected lifeboats.
7. Lifeboat tenders.