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S341_001
NEW Attention
Note
The self-study programme portrays the design and For current testing, adjustment and repair
function of new developments! instructions, please refer to the customer service
The contents will not be updated. literature intended for this purpose.
2
At a glance
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Technical features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3
Introduction
Technical features
Development of the two V8 engines focussed
primarily on the following development objectives:
S341_011
4
Technical data
Torque and output graph 228kW Torque and output graph 246kW
150 75 150 75
100 50 100 50
50 25 50 25
0 0 0 0
2000 4000 6000 2000 4000 6000
Engine speed [rpm] Engine speed [rpm]
S341_010 S341_012
5
Engine mechanical system
Touareg
In the Touareg, the alternator and air conditioning compressor are installed in a higher location than in the
Phaeton. As a result of this, the Touareg is capable of fording water up to a depth of 500mm.
S341_087
S341_089
6
Toothed belt drive
Both exhaust camshafts and the coolant pump are driven by the crankshaft in the toothed belt drive. The toothed
belt is tensioned via a belt tensioner and a hydraulic tensioning element.
S341_091a S341_091b
S341_090
Exhaust camshaft sprocket
cylinder bank 1 Exhaust camshaft sprocket
cylinder bank 2
When renewing or replacing the toothed belt, the crankshaft must be set to TDC cylinder No. 5. To
achieve this, the notch on the vibration damper must align with the mark on the toothed belt guard, and
the locating plates' two large bores must face each other inwards. ELSA provides information on the
detailed procedures for removing and installing the toothed belt.
7
Engine mechanical system
Intake system
The fresh air intake system has a twin-branch design to reduce pressure losses. Both intake tracts are brought
together at the intake manifold upstream of the throttle valve module.
A hot film air mass meter per intake tract and an intake air temperature sender in the air mass meter G70 are used
to determine the intaken quantity of fresh air.
S341_097
Intake manifold
The intake manifold is comprised of four bolted and
bonded magnesium components.
The Touareg is fitted with a three-stage variable
intake manifold and the Phaeton with a two-stage
variable intake manifold. In comparison with the
three-stage version, the two-stage design allows
intake tracts with high-volume cross-sections to be
implemented. This leads to an increase in engine
output.
S341_098
8
Variable intake manifold
Variable intake manifold
The figure shows the two-stage variable intake change-over valve N156
manifold fitted in the Phaeton. Adjusting levers
It is comprised of the variable intake manifold
change-over valve, two vacuum units with adjusting
levers, a non-return valve, the hoses and the vacuum
reservoir in the front area of the vehicle.
Change-over
S341_014
Vacuum units
Non-return valve
Torque position
S341_015
Output position
S341_013
9
Engine mechanical system
Cylinder block
The aluminium cylinder block has a 90° V
angle and is manufactured from an
aluminium alloy. The pistons run directly on
the aluminium alloy's silicon crystals. As a
result of this, no separate cylinder liners are
required. The gap between cylinders is
90mm.
S341_080
Advantages: Coating
Metal layers
S341_016
10
Crankshaft drive
Crankshaft
Supported at five points, the crankshaft is forged from tempered steel.
Two connecting rods are located on each crank pin.
Due to different gearboxes, the crankshaft fitted in the 4.2l V8 5V engine in the Phaeton has an 8-hole pattern, and
that in the Touareg a 10-hole pattern, to the drive plate.
Phaeton crankshaft
with 8-hole pattern
S341_021 S341_025
Connecting rods
The connecting rods are machined as complete parts
and are finally separated by a tool, exerting great
force, to form the connecting rod and connecting rod
bearing cap. This process is called "cracking".
S341_023
S341_026
Valve pocket
Pistons
The aluminium pistons are equipped with a valve
pocket for the centre intake valve. Thanks to the valve
pocket, the pistons are cylinder bank-specific.
S341_024
11
Engine mechanical system
Cylinder head
The aluminium cylinder head has been developed as
a cross-flow cylinder head. A good gas cycle and Inlet camshaft
therefore a good cylinder charge are achieved as a Drive chain for the
result of this. inlet camshaft
The cylinder head houses the camshafts, the inlet
camshaft drive and adjustment facility plus the valve
gear with 5-valve technology.
S341_076
Valve for
camshaft adjustment
Exhaust camshaft
Cross-flow cylinder head
S341_022
Gasket Profiled
rubber grommet
Decoupling element
ELSA provides information on the detailed procedures for preventing cylinder head cover warping and
guaranteeing reliable sealing.
12
Camshaft adjustment system
The gas exchange processes in the engine's combustion chamber exert a significant influence on output, torque
and pollutant emission. The camshaft adjustment system allows these gas exchange processes to be adapted to the
engine's relevant requirements.
This is carried out by changing the valve opening and closing times, depending on the engine speed, with the aid
of the inlet camshaft. In this case, the torque is increased in the lower to medium engine speed range, whilst output
is raised in the upper engine speed range.
Camshaft adjustment additionally improves internal exhaust gas recirculation.
Tensioning piston
S341_033
13
Engine mechanical system
How it works:
Depending on the manner in which the camshaft adjustment valve is actuated, the oil is guided into two
different control ports. The ports are linked to the chambers on both sides of the adjustment piston.
Adjustment in the "retard" direction takes place via port A, whilst adjustment in the "advance" direction occurs via
port B.
Basic position
Lubrication and
breather bore Locking pin
Engine off
Control ports
Adjustment piston
The locking function and the oil reservoir chamber in the camshaft adjustment unit reduce vibrations in
the chain drive. Noise during the starting phase is minimised as a result of this.
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Engine running
Once a specific oil pressure has been reached, the oil presses the locking pin - counter to the spring's force - out of
the detent groove, and the inlet camshaft can be adjusted.
Torque position
Output position
15
Engine mechanical system
Valve gear
Camshaft adjustment
The V8 engine is equipped with 5-valve technology. valve
Camshaft
This offers a large flow crosssection and therefore roller chain
ensures a very good gas cycle. The valves are Inlet camshaft
actuated via roller rocker fingers with a hydraulic
valve clearance compensation element. Roller rocker
finger
Inlet valves
Exhaust camshaft
Exhaust valves
S341_027
Valve actuation
The valves are actuated by the camshafts by means of Camshaft
roller rocker fingers. The two exhaust valves are Toothed belt roller chain
actuated via a twin roller rocker finger, and the three
inlet valves via a triple roller rocker finger.
Single-cam
exhaust camshaft
S341_029
Twin Double-cam
roller rocker finger inlet camshaft
Triple
roller rocker finger
16
The roller rocker fingers are mounted on an axle shaft. The axle shaft is used to simultaneously supply the bearings
and the hydraulic valve clearance compensation elements with oil.
- The hydraulic valve clearance compensation elements are located directly in the lever arm above the valves.
- The rollers are each seated between the lever arms.
Oil duct
Exhaust valves 1 and 2
Inlet valves 1 and 3
Inlet valve 2
S341_032 S341_030
The axle shaft's tolerance versus the camshaft is shown in grossly exaggerated form to depict it
more clearly.
17
Engine mechanical system
Oil circuit
The oil circuit fitted in the 4.2l V8 5V engine in the Phaeton and the Touareg is primarily identical. However, the oil
intake system differs due to the Touareg's off-road capability. The particulars of, and differences between, the oil
circuits will be presented over the next few pages.
The Figure shows the oil circuit fitted in the 4.2l V8 5V engine in the Phaeton.
Bypass valves
Filter element
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Duocentric oil pump
The duocentric oil pump is bolted to the cylinder block
Housing
and is driven by the crankshaft via a chain drive. The S341_042
oil pressure regulating valve is integrated into the oil
Outer rotor
pump and regulates the engine's oil pressure.
Drive shaft
with inner rotor
Housing cover
with oil intake tube
Oil filter module
The oil filter module is bolted onto the side of cylinder
bank 1. It contains the oil filter element, the oil
pressure switch and an oil cooler. The oil cooler is
bolted onto the oil filter module and is connected to
the coolant circuit. The oil filter module also houses
the connections for cooling the alternator.
Oil filter
module
Oil pressure switch
S341_095
Coolant supply
Coolant supply
Coolant supply to the
from the engine Oil return to the engine
alternator
S341_094
Sealing cap
19
Engine mechanical system
Oil pan
The oil pan is comprised of two components; an upper oil pan section and a lower oil pan section. The oil pans in
the Phaeton and the Touareg differ due to their differing requirements.
The seal between the two parts and the cylinder block is achieved by means of a liquid silicone seal.
S341_051
20
Off-road capability measures
Inner rotor
Outer rotor
Housing cover
with connection for
rear oil intake tube
S341_052
During hill ascent, part of the oil is located in the
rear area of the oil pan upper section. It is now Rear oil intake tube
pumped into the lower section of the oil pan by the
suction oil pump, where it is again intaken by the
duocentric oil pump.
21
Engine mechanical system
Cooling circuit
The Figure shows the cooling circuit fitted in the 4.2l V8 5V engine in the Phaeton with an auxiliary coolant heater.
To the
heating system heat exchangers
Breather pipe Coolant temperature sender G62
Expansion tank
Coolant pump
Thermostat
S341_054
Radiator outlet coolant
temperature sender G83 Radiator
22
Fuel system
The Figure shows the fuel system fitted in the Phaeton. It differs slightly from the fuel system installed in the Touareg.
The Touareg has a return-free fuel system, in which the fuel pressure regulator is installed in the fuel filter.
Auxiliary coolant
heater supply pipe
Fuel rail
Fuel filter
Supply pipe
Injectors N83-N86
S341_055
Direction of travel
Injectors N30-N33
Suction jet pumps
23
Engine mechanical system
Exhaust system
The exhaust system is a twin-branch design.
It is comprised of two catalytic converters beneath the bonnet, two flexible decoupling elements, two front silencers
designed as baffled silencers, a centre silencer designed as an absorption silencer and two rear silencers designed
as baffled silencers.
The catalytic converters' substrate material is comprised of ceramic.
Rear silencers
Pipe convergence
Decoupling elements
Centre silencer
S341_061
Pipe convergence
S341_062
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Secondary air system
J220
N112
Supplied with current
No current supplied
G108
G70 G62
G39
B
A+B Combination valves
G39 Lambda probe
G62 Coolant temperature sender
G70 Air mass meter
G108 Lambda probe 2
J220 Motronic control unit V101
J299 Secondary air pump relay
J299
N112 Secondary air inlet valve
V101 Secondary air pump motor
S341_064
Due to the high level of mixture enrichment during Thanks to air injection downstream of the exhaust
cold starting and the warm-up phase, a high valves, the exhaust gases are enriched with oxygen,
percentage of uncombusted hydrocarbons occurs in leading to oxidation (afterburning) of the
the exhaust gas in this period. hydrocarbons and the carbon monoxide. The heat
released during this process additionally heats the
The catalytic converter is unable to process this high catalytic converter, helping it to reach its
percentage of hydrocarbons, because: operating temperature faster.
- the catalytic converter has not yet reached its The secondary air system is comprised of:
necessary operating temperature and
- a lambda 1 mixture has to be present for full - the secondary air pump motor V101,
conversion to take place. - two combination valves A + B and
- the secondary air inlet valve N112.
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Engine management system
System overview
Sensors The system overview shows the 4.2l V8 5V engine
fitted in the Phaeton.
S341_072
Engine speed sender G28
Automatic gearbox
Knock sensor G61, G66
control unit J217
Auxiliary signals
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Actuators
Fuel pump relay J17 and
Diagnostic connection fuel system pressurisation pump G6
Electric fuel pump 2 relay J49 and
fuel pump G23
Injectors
N30, N31, N32, N33
N83, N84, N85, N86
Auxiliary signals
27
Engine management system
Sensors
Air mass meter G70 with intake air temperature sender G42 and air mass
meter 2 G246
Due to the available installation space, the intake tract has a twin-branch design.
Air mass meter G70 is installed along with intake air temperature sender G42 in the intake tract on the cylinder
bank 1 side. Air mass meter G246 is installed in the intake tract on the cylinder bank 2 side.
From the signals transmitted by the two air mass meters and the intake air temperature sender, the engine control
unit calculates the mass and the temperature of the intaken air respectively.
S341_102
The signals are used to calculate all load- and engine If an air mass meter fails, the throttle valve position
speed-dependent functions. These include the and the engine speed are used as correction values.
injection period, ignition timing or camshaft If the intake air temperature sender fails, a substitute
adjustment, for example. value is assumed.
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Engine speed sender G28
Engine speed sender G28
The engine speed sender is secured to the gearbox
housing. It samples a 60-2 sender wheel, which is Sender wheel with 60-2
secured to the drive plate. Based on these signals, the reference mark
engine control unit detects the engine speed and the
position of the crankshaft. A segment gap on the
sender wheel serves the sender as a reference mark.
Signal usage
In the event that the sender fails, the engine continues Drive plate
to run, but re-starting it is no longer possible.
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Engine management system
Signal usage
S341_085
30
Knock sensors G61 and G66
The 4.2l V8 5V engine is fitted with two knock sensors.
Knock sensor 1 G61 is seated in the V on cylinder bank
1, and knock sensor 2 G66 is located on the outside on
cylinder bank 2.
Signal usage
S341_079
31
Engine management system
Actuators
Depending on actuation by the engine control unit, If an electrical cable to the camshaft adjusters is
these have the task of adjusting the inlet camshafts. defective or a camshaft adjuster fails, no further
Inlet camshaft adjustment equates to a crank angle of camshaft adjustment is carried out.
22° in the "advance" direction. Less torque is available.
Inlet camshaft control valve 1 N205 Inlet camshaft control valve 2 N208
S341_100 S341_101
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Variable intake manifold change-
over valve N156
The variable intake manifold change-over valve is
secured to the intake manifold on the toothed
belt side.
Task
33
Functional diagram
The functional diagram shows the 4.2l V8 5V engine fitted in the Phaeton.
30
15
87a
S S S S S S
J299
N205
N112
N156
N32
N208
N33
N83
N31
N84
N86
N30
N85
N80
V101
A J220
N326
N324
N325
N323
N292
N291
N127
N70
F8
S341_092a
31
34
30
15
87a
S S S S S S
V36
J220
J293 J671
J338
V7 V177
G188 G187 G186
G79 G185
S341_092b
31
35
Functional diagram
30
15
87a
J519
S S
G23 G6
J220
K
G163 G40 G28 G66 G61 G62 G83
S341_092c
31
36
Test your knowledge
1. What are the differences between the ancillary unit drives in the Touareg and the Phaeton?
a) Due to the Touareg's off-road capability requirements, some of its ancillary units are
positioned higher than in the Phaeton.
b) The Touareg is fitted with a 5-groove poly-V belt and the Phaeton with a 7-groove poly-V belt.
a) The notch on the belt pulley/vibration damper and the mark on the toothed belt guard
must align.
b) The large bores in the locating plates (camshaft sprockets) must be located opposite each
other on the inner side.
c) The small bores in the locating plates (camshaft sprockets) must be located opposite each
other on the inner side.
3. In how many stages is the variable intake manifold fitted in the 4.2l V8 5V engine in the Touareg
and the Phaeton adjusted?
b) The Touareg is fitted with a three-stage variable intake manifold and the Phaeton with a two-stage
variable intake manifold.
37
Test your knowledge
4. What is the purpose of the suction oil pump fitted in the Touareg?
a) The suction oil pump supplies the cylinder head with oil.
b) The suction oil pump supplies the camshaft adjustment system with oil.
c) When climbing hills, the suction oil pump pumps oil from the rear area of the oil pan upper section into the
oil pan lower section, thereby ensuring that oil is supplied.
b) It is secured to the gearbox housing, and samples a sender wheel on the drive plate.
c) It is bolted into the cylinder block in the area of the toothed belt.
a) Camshaft adjustment is used to improve output in the upper engine speed range and torque in the lower
engine speed range.
b) The camshaft adjustment system is used to improve internal exhaust gas recirculation.
c) Camshaft adjustment is used to improve output in the lower engine speed range and torque in the upper
engine speed range.
a) Secondary air injection serves to increase performance in the partial load range.
b) Secondary air injection serves to reduce exhaust emissions in the cold-starting phase.
c) Thanks to secondary air injection during the cold-starting phase, the catalytic converter reaches its
operating temperature faster.
38
39
Solutions
1. a)
2. a), b)
3. b)
4. c)
5. b)
6. a), b)
7. b), c)
341
Volkswagen AG
Service Training VK-21
Brieffach 1995
D-38436 Wolfsburg
❀ This paper has been manufactured from cellulose bleached without the use of chlorine.