Case Study 4: Where did the Cry of Rebellion Happen?

➢ Momentous events swept the Spanish colonies in the late nineteenth century, including
the Philippines.
➢ Journalist of the time referred to the phrase “El Grito de Robelion” or “Cry of Rebellion”
to mark the start of these revolutionary events, identifying the places where it
happened.
➢ Happened in August 1896, northeast of Manila
➢ Teodoro Agoncillo – emphasizes the event when Bonifacio tore the cedula before the
Katipuneros who also did the same
➢ Emilio Aguinaldo commissioned an “Himno de Balintawak”
o Pact of the Biak- na- Bato failed
➢ Monuments to the Heroes of 1896 was erected in what is now the intersection of
Epifanio de los Santos (EDSA) Avenue and Andres Bonifacio Drive-North Diversion
Road.
o From 1962, the Cry of Balintawak was celebrated every 26th of August.

Different Dates and Places of the Cry

➢ Lt. Olegario Diaz – a guardia civil
o Balintawak
o August 25, 1896
➢ Teodoro Kalaw – historian
o Kangkong, Balintawak
o Last week of August 1896
➢ Santiago Alvarez – a Katipunero and son of Mariano Alvarez
o Leader of the Magdiwang Faction in Cavite
o Bahay Toro in Quezon City
o August 24, 1896
➢ Pio Valenzuela – Katipunero and privy
o Pugad Lawin
o August 23, 1896
➢ Gregorio Zaide – Historian
o Balintawak
o August 26, 1896
➢ Teodoro Agoncillo
o Pugad Lawin
o August 23, 1896
➢ Milagro Guerrero, Emmanuel Encarnacion, Ramon Villegas – Historians
o Tandang Sora’s barn in Gulod, Barangay Banlat, Quezon City
o August 24, 1896
 Primary Source: Accounts of the Cry

➢ Guillermo Masangkay
o Source: Guillermo Masangkay, “Cry of Balintawak” in Gregorio Zaide and
Sonia Zaide, Documentary Sources of Philippine History, Volume 8 (Manila:
National Book Store, 1990), 307-309.
o August 26 – meeting in the house of Apolonio Samson in Balintawak
o Leaders of Katipunan who Attended: Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, Aguedo del
Enrique Pacheco, and Francisco Carreon.
o Delegates from Bulacan, Cabanatuan, Cavite, and Morong
o 9 o’clock in the morning of August 26
▪ Opened by Andres Bonifacio and Emilio Jacinto acting as secretary
o Teodoro Plata, Briccio Pantas, and Pio Valenzuela – opposed to start the
revolution too early
o “You remember the fate of our countrymen who were will only shoot us.
Our organization has been discovered and we are all marked men. If we
don’t start the uprising, the Spaniards will get us anyway. What then, do
you say?”
o Andres Bonifacio – initiated to tear cedula as a sign of their revolt and he
said “If it is true that you are ready to revolt... I want to see you destroy your
cedulas. It will be a sign that all of us have declared our severance from the
Spaniards.”
➢ Pio Valenzuela
o Source: “Cry of Pugad Lawin,” in Gregorio Zaide and Sonia Zaide,
Documentary Sources of Philippine History, Volume 8 (Manila: National
Book Store, 1990), 301-302.
o Balintawak – the first place of refuge of Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto,
Procopio Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Aguedo del Rosario and Pio Valenzuela
o First five arrive there on August 19 and Pio Valenzuela on August 20, 1896.
o Kangkong at the house of Apolonio Samson on August 22, 1986 – only a
meeting and where the 500 members of Katipunan met.
o In Pugad Lawin at the house of Juan Ramos on August 23, 1896 – debate
and discussion about the revolution which would happen also where the
1,000 members of Katipunan met.
o August 29, 1896, tore their cedula certificate and shouted, “Long Live the
Philippines”.
o Using primary and secondary sources, four places have been identified:
Balintawak, Kangkong, Pugad Lawin, and Bahay Toro, while the dates vary:
23, 24, 25, or 26 August 1896.
o The “Cry” happened in Balintawak on Wednesday, August 26, 1896.
 o Memoirs of Revolution – Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896.
➢ According to Guerrero, Encarnacion, and Villegas, all these places are in Balintawak,
then part of Caloocan, now, in Quezon City.
➢ Bonifacio and his troops may have been moving from one place to another to avoid
being located by the Spanish government.