E RRA T A .

I n th e o r i g i n al p l a n o f th e w o rk , i t w a s i n t e n d e d
th a t C h i n e s e c h a r a c t e r s s h o u l d b e f ollowed by t h e R 0
m an i z a t i o n i n p a r e n th e s e s . I n so m e i n s t a n c e s , i n t h e
e a r l y p ag e s of t h e b ook , t h i s o r d e r h a s b e e n i n ad v e r t e n t ly
r e v e r s e d , t h e R o m a n i z a t i o n s t a nd i n g fi r s t , fo l l o w e d by th e
C h i n e s e c h a r ac t e r s i n p a r e n th e s e s . Th i s i s e s p ec i a l l y
t r u e i n t h e a r t i c l e s o n A c on i t u m an d A c o r n s Th e .

n a m e s o f t h e n a t u r a l o r d e r s s h o u ld a p p e a r i n R o m a n
l e t t e r s ; a f e w are i n I t a l i c s . W h e n u s e d a d j e c t i v a l ly ,
”
th e s e s h o u l d 71 0 i b e g i n w i th a c a p i t a l l e t t e r .

Th e a bo v e i s f ro m D r S t u a r t s own p e n
.
’
W ou ld
.

th a t h e c o u l d h a v e c o m p l e t e d t h e s e E r r a t a t h a t th ey
m i g h t h a v e b e e n m o r e p e r f e c t ly d o n e .

A t a bl e of e rro r s , e x c e p t i n g th e o n e s m e n t i o n e d h er e ,
i s p l a c e d i n t h e b ac k of th e book f ol l o w i n g t h e i n d e x i n g .

B o t h w o1 d s p f C u s t o m s L i s t s , th e fi r s t w o r d i n bo t an
i c a l n a m e s o f m o r e t h a n o n e w o r d ; t h e fi r s t w o r d i n th e
R o m an i z a t i on of C h i n e s e t e r m s , and t h e w o rd A p p e n d i x
s h o u l d a l w ay s b e g i n w i t h c a p i t a l l e t t e r s .

A f e w o th e r m i s t ak e s i n th e u s e o r no n u s e o f c a p i t a l s
w i ll be n o t i c e d . Sz ec h u e n s h o u l d b e Sz ec h u a n Ca r e t e
.

s h o u ld a l w a y s b e f o u n d i n L i Sh i h C h e n P a r e n th e s e s
.

m ar k s a nd p u n c t u a t i on m a rk s a r e n o t i n v a r i ab l y c or r e c t .

A . G S .
 C HINESE M A TERIA M EDICA .

PA RT 1 . VE GE TAB LE KI N GDO M .

A B R U S P R E CA TOR I U S — 7FB E
'

( H sia n g ss u tz ii )
.
,
- -
,

{ i E ( H u n g t o n) 4 2 3 -
Th i s i s a t w i n i n g s h r u b grow i n g t o
,
.
,

th e h eig h t of several feet a n d fo u nd i n th e so u th o f C h i n a ,

a n d par ts o f th e E as t I n d ies Th e fi rst Ch i n ese n a m e gi ve n

.

”
above m ea n i n g l ove si c k
,
“
re fers to th e lege n d of a m a n
,

w h o d ied by t h e s i de of o n e of th ese sh r u bs a nd h i s w i fe sa t ,

be neat h i ts sh ad e a n d w ept u n ti l sh e d ied also Th e brig h t .

scarle t seeds of th e si ze of l arge sh ot w i th a blac k spot at th e

, ,

h i l u m are u sed as beads by c h i ldre n T h ey are said t o be

, .

sl ight l y po i so n o us ( e m e ti c ) a nd to h ave th e pow er o f preve n ti ng

B a roos ca m ph or fro m evaporati o n w h e n th ey are k ept w i th i t .

W h e n take n as m ed ic i n e th ey are sa i d t o ,
per m eate th e “

”
n i n e cavi t i es o f t h e bod y a n d to expe l every sor t o f ev i l “

e fil u v i a fro m h ear t a nd abdo m e n to be d iaph ore ti c ex ,

p e c t ora n t a n ti,
per i odi c a n d to destroy every
,
sort of v i s
“
c era l

”
or c u t ic u lar w or m T h e P é n i s a o gi ves i n t h is co n nec tio n
.

w h a t is re garded as a rel iabl e prescri pt i o n for th e d es tr uc

”
t i o n of a cat dev i l
“
-I f a cat d ev i l h as bee n see n or
“ -

i ts cry h eard us e A di u s p r eca tor zu s R i czu u s 5077277zzz7zzs Cr o wn

' ’ '

/
, , ,

zzglzzzm o f each o n e bea n ; p u l verized C i n n abar a n d wax of

'

, , ,

each fo u r 51 m m a k e i n to pi ll s th e s i ze of a h e m p seed a nd
, ,

ad m i n ister at o n c e Th e n s u rr o u n d t h e pa t i e n t w i th ash es a nd
.

place before h i m a c i n der fi re S pi t th e m ed ici n e i n to th e

.

fi re a n d as i t b u bbles u p m ark a cross o n th e s u rface o f th e

, ,

fi re w h e n t h e cat dev i l w i l l d i e
,
-

Th e root of A br u s p r eca tor i u s i s l o n g a nd w oody pal e red ,

d ish brow n ex ter n all y a nd yel l ow ish i n ter n a l ly

-
I t h as a th i n .

bark a pe c u liarl y d isagreeabl e odor a n d a bi tteris h acri d

, ,

flav or leav i n g a fa i n tl y sweet a fter taste

,
I t is used i n I n di a -
.

a n d J ava as a s ubsti t u te fo r l icor i ce b u t is n o t e m pl oy ed m ed i c ,

i na l l y by th e C h i n ese War i ng d i re c ts a n extract t o be pre

.

pared i n t h e sa m e way as t h e E xt ract um G l yc yrrh i z ae o f th e

2 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

B ri t ish P h ar m acopoeia Th e l eaves h ave bee n fo u n d t o co n tai n

.

a s weet pri n ci pl e si m i lar t o t h at o f l ic or i ce T h e w ood h as a n .

exce l le n t gra i n b u t as th e pl a n t i s s m al l i t is n o t o f m u ch val u e

,
.

O ne o f th e A br us berr i es i s said by D r Wi l li a m s t o be th e .

u n i t o f w ei gh t e m pl oyed by th e B u r m ese Fro m th e fac t t h a t .

”
th ese berri es are red a nd l ook so m eth i ng l ik e ,
crab s eyes “ ’
-

( a co n cretio n fo u n d i n th e s to m ach o f A stac u s fl u v iati l is a nd ,

o n a c co u n t of i ts co m parative rar i ty c o u n ted a m o n g preci o us

s to n es ) so m e p erso ns h ave gi ve n th e m th is n a m e
,
U nder th e .

n a m e of j egu er zty
'

th is s ubsta n c e or i ts gl ob u l i n A br zn w as
'

, , ,

for m erl y re c o mm e n ded i n E u rope a n d A m er ica for th e treat

me n t of gra n u l ar l ids a n d c or n ea l O pa c i t i es b u t o n acco u n t of
i ts acti o n bei n g bey o n d th e c o n trol of th e s u rgeo n i t h as righ t ,

l y fa lle n i n to d is use A br zn is a tox alb u m i n si m ilar i n i ts acti o n

'

-
.

t o R zczn a nd Cr otzn
' '

Tatari n ov a nd oth ers h a ve fal le n i n to t h e error o f c on

f o u n d i n g A br u s p r eca tom u s wi th a ge n u i n e spe c ies of bea n th e
'

P lza s eol u s r a d za tu s perfectl y d ist i n c t a n d separa tel y des c ri be d

'

, ,

u n der t h e d iv isi o n of grai n s as i 11 E ( C h i h hsia o t ou ) or

‘ - -
»
,
”
“
red s m al l bea n 1 41 O th er C h i nese n a m es gi ve n i n
,
.

v ari o u s books for th e A br u s p r eca zor zu s are 711] P

'

g E ( H si a ng
‘ 1
,

s s ii t o u) a nd
5, fl E ( M a l i a o t ou ) 8 0 4 ; b u t t he t w o
‘
-
2
4 3 , ,
- -
,

gi ve n at t h e head of t h is article are th e o n ly o n es a u th orized by

t h e P é n ts a o .

A B UTIL O N I N D ICU M — A ccord i n g t o Ford a nd C ro w .

,

th e seeds sold a t H o n gk o n g as g 55 5 ( T u n g k u e i t z ii
) 3 93
1 - ‘ -
, ,

are so ide n t i fi ed B u t i n oth er parts o f C h i n a t h e ar ti c l e so

.

s old see m s to be th e seeds o f a M a i r/a w h ic h see ,

.

A C A C I A C A TE C H U — §i g ( E r h 2 8 8 62 5
; 3 .
1
( H a i erh -
35 H T E( W u ti eh u i ) Th e n a m es gi v e n in - - .

th e P é n l s a o t o t h i s d r u g are partl y fo u n ded o n th e ol d n oti o n

t h at i t wa s a n ear t h or a pre paratio n of tea a nd part ly are a n ,

i m itati o n o f th e B e n gal ese w ord kfi a za r a nd o f th e H i nd u w ord

’

te m
’

,
by w h ich th e dr u g i s k n ow n at th e pla c e of i ts ori g i n .

Th e sa m e idea i s perpet u ated i n t h e old ph ar m ace utical n a me ,

”
Ter r a j ap om ca w h e n th e earth ( i n C h i n ese 7 22) was bro u gh t
'

“
,

fr o m J apa n Th e a c co u n t i n th e P é i zf s a o is to th e e ff ect th a t
.
 V EGE T AB L E K I NGDOM .
3

Ja v a Sia m a nd th e co u n tri es o f th e I ndi a n A rc h i pe l a go furn is h

, ,

a dr u g prepared by p u tt i n g fi ne tea d u st i n t o a ba m b oo t ube ,

w h i c h is th e n cl osed u p at bot h e nds a nd b u ried i n t h e we t mu d

o f a sewer for a l o ng t i m e I t i s th e n take n o ut th e j uice .
,

ex pressed a nd boi led d ow n to a t h ick sy r u p w h i ch w h e n col d ,

for m s t h e ex t rac t T h e co u n tr y of th e La os tribes l iv i n g b etw e en

.

Y u nn a n A n n a m a nd S ia m a n d a distric t i n th e n ort h wes t

, , ,
-

part o f Y u n na n fu are sai d t o h av e f or m erl y y ielded t h i s d r u g

,
.

Th e c ate c h u e n ter i ng i n t o t h e w orl d s co mmerce i s l ar gel y

’

exported fro m Cal c u tta a nd fro m Pe gu Si n ce m uch of i t .

c o m es fro m t h e bord ers o f th e G u l f o f C u tch t he s u bsta n ce is ,

o fte n cal l ed cu te/ z O r t h is n a me ma y co m e ei t h er fro m a

.
,

corr u pti o n o f t h e M alay n a m e ca t /m or of th e I n dia n na m e ku tt .

D r W i l li a ms says :
. T h at bro u gh t fro m B o m bay i s friabl e of
“
,

a red brow n col or a nd m ore h ard a nd fi rm t h a n th a t bro u g h t

-
,

fr o m B e n gal Th e cakes rese m bl e c h ocol a t e a nd w h e n br oke n

.
, ,

h ave a streak ed a ppeara n ce G ood c u tch h as a bri gh t u ni for m

.

”
col or a s weetish astri nge n t t aste a n d is free f ro m grit t i n ess
, ,
.

H e s u ggests tha t th i s variety ma y i n deed be pal e catech u or ,

g a m bier ; b u t i t m a y be a k i n d o f A caci a catec h u w h ic h is

m a n u fac t u red i n N ort h er n I n dia i n w h i ch th e process o f ,

e vaporat i o n i s stopped be fore t h e l i qu i d bec o mes too th i ck th us ,

res ul ti n g i n a pal er a nd clearer prepara ti o n Th ere i s a blac k .

catec h u t h e K a ma of Persia w h ic h occ u rs i n ro und flat cakes

, , , ,

fro m tw o t o th ree i nc h es i n d ia m eter a nd f ro m a h al f a n i n c h

t o a n i nc h i n t h ick ness h a v i n g th e proper t i es o f A cacia catec h u
,

e x tract . I t i s t h e pr od uc t of th e betel nut (A r ea : ca teck a -

,

w h ic h see ) a nd is prepared i n I nd ia w h ere i t 1 5 k n o wn ,

as ca t ta ca m ba -
I t d oes not appear i n co mm erce a n d i s not
.
,

k n ow n i n C h i n a u n less i n deed t h e Pi n g la n g hsi n , fill M y) ,

-
,

1 02 6 ,
or Pi n g la n g k ao ( fil: ffflb E ) 1 0 2 7 are th is arti cle
- - l
, ,
.

C h i n ese m ed ical w orks reco u n t th e astri nge n t a nti p h lo ,

i s ti c styp tic a n d correcti ve properties o f t h is excelle n t dr ug ;

g , ,

b u t at th e prese n t t i m e i t is m ostl y u sed as a deter ge n t ,

st i m u la t i ng st yptic or co nstri ngi ng appl icat io n

, ,
.

A C A N T H O P A NA X R IC I N IF O LI U M —$I] W t E ( Tz ii .
‘ ’

c h i u sh u) T h is t h e th or n y catal pa
‘ -
.
, fro m th e rese m bla nce
“

o f its lea v es t o t h ose o f Ca ta l a k wm

'

f r z is a tal l t ree w it h
p p e , ,
 4 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

g rey bark m ottl ed w i t h y el low ish w h ite a nd h a v i n g th or ns -

,

o n t h e bra n ch es T h e bar k a nd l eaves o f th is tree are r ec o m

.

m e n ded for i n sec ti cide p urposes a n d for th e treat m e n t o f sk i n

d isease a nd al l sorts of ul cers a n d i n fected sores Th e C u sto ms .

R ep orts sa y t h at th e s u bsta n ce k n ow n as ifi fl a jg ( H a i t u n g
-
‘
a

p )i or $ K ( T g is probabl y i part th e
‘
]
‘
,3 57 3
1 ,
u n 1 40 2 n ,

bark of t h is tree ; th a t ex ported fro m N i n gpo be i n g s o c o n

s id er e d w h i le t h at exported fro m Ca n to n i s t h o u gh t to be t h e
,

bark o f t h e c ot t o n tree See B om ba x m a l a ba r zczm z a n d

'

Ca ta lp a .

A C A N T H O P A NA X S P I N O SU M — 5 7m ( Wu ch i a ) .
_
-
,

5 711] K ( W u c h i a
,
1 44 9
-
Th is i s probabl y th e proper .

ide n ti fi ca ti o n o f th e s h r u b or tree w h ic h prod uc es t h is dr u g .

B u t w i th o u t do ubt t h e prod u ct fo u nd u p o n t he m arke t c o m es

, ,

f ro m a n u m ber of A ral iace o u s p la n ts al l i ed t o a ngel i ca , ,

spi k e n ard a nd s a rs p ll la
a a r- S o we fi nd i t classed by Tatar i n ov.
,

a s v l r a l za fi a l m a ta a n d by H e n ry i de n ti fi ed as E l e n i / 25 7 050552”
'

b ‘
,

H e n ry z a n d E l eu tb er ococcu s l eu cor r /
’
’

zzz u s ; a nd i n ad d i tio n to ,

t h ese latter t h e C u st o m s R eports m e n tio n E lezzt/ zer ococcu s

I ndeed i n t h e C h i n ese book s i t i s described by

’

s e n i zcos u s .
,

so m e as a t I ee or sh r ub a nd by oth ers as a cl i m bi ng pla n t , .

O ne observer w isel y says t h at t h e pl a n t w h i c h grows i n th e

n ort h i n sa n d y soi l is a tree w h i le th at w h ic h gr ow s i n th e ,

so u t h i n h ard soi l i s a n herbaceo us p lanL L Th e P é n ts a o

~

,
‘

fol l ow i n g t h e P é ntm od zzng o f S h e n n u ng cla sses i t a m o ng

’

th e trees .

T h e par t used i s th e cortex o f t h e roo t I t i s fo u nd on t h e .

mark ets as y el l ow ish brow n q u il led p i e ces -

od orless a nd ,

tasteless I t i s spe c ial l y reco m m e n ded i n rh e u m at i s m ge n era l

.
,

deb i l i ty a nd for t h e c u re of tertiary sy ph il i ti c m a n i festati o n s

,
.

I t is u s ual l y prescr ibed as a t i nct ure .

A C E R A N TH U S S A G I TTA TU S — ig; i i ( Y i n -
ya n g
h u o) , T h is is i de n tical w i th Ep i m ea zzzm
53 6 It
'

’
1 .

i s a B erberida c eo us pla n t sai d to h ave stro n g aph rod i si a c

properties G oa ts eat i n g th e p la n t are sai d t o be i n ci ted to
.

ex c essi ve cop u la tio n h e n ce th e C h i nese n a me ,

I t is c o m m o n l y .

cal led llll fl H Q ( H sie n l i ng a n d grows i n m o u n tai n v al leys

-
 V EGE T A B L E K I N GDOM .
5

th ro u gh o u t C h i na Th e root a nd l eaves a re par t s u sed i n

.

m ed i c i n e I t is pres c ri bed i n steri li ty a n d barre nn ess a n d is

.
,

sa id t o h ave grea t v i rt u es i n t h ese c o n d i ti o n s I n dec o c tio n i t .

i s u sed i n cor n ea l a ffe c t i o n s a nd ul ceratio n s of t h e ey e after

exa n th e m ato u s d iseases .

A C E R T R IFI D U M 5 fi lfil ( S a n ch i o fé n g) . It is - -
.

u nc erta i n w h eth er th e l ea ves reported i n th e C u sto m s Li sts are

fro m th i s tr i par ti te m aple or w h e th er th e y a re th e l eaves o f

,
'

t h e L i gzzza a m be r f o r mos m za ( Or i en ta l e)
’

’
Th ere is no t m uc h .

u n i for m i ty o f c lassi fi cati o n o f th is s u bsta n ce at t h e d i ff ere n t

ports ; a t o ne place i t bei n g called o a k l eaves w h ic h to “

,

say th e least i s a bol d g u ess ,

Th e C h i n ese n a m es fo r A cer .

fi a u m i n add i t i o n to th e o n e g i ve n above are { 35 {fit E3 ( Y a

’

’
tr g
“

, ,

fen g s h u) 1 4 8 1 a n d {fit fig] : fij ( F é ng h u n g s h u)

-
, , B re tsc h ne id e r - -
.

a n d th e Ja pa n ese h a ve bee n fol l owed i n th e u s e o f th e t er m

pla c ed a t th e h ead o f t h i s paragra ph Th i s tree is n o t m e n ti o n .

ed i n th e P é i zzs cw a n d w h at i ts l eaves m a y be u sed for ( i f

‘ ‘

, ,

i ndeed i t is th e leaves o f th is tree th a t appear i n co mm er c e )

,

i t h as n o t bee n possibl e t o l ear n Th e s uppl y reported by t h e .

C u sto m s ca m e fro m A n h u i a nd K i a n gs u .

A C H IL E A SIB IRICA ( S h i h ) T h is is a co mm o n . .

pla n t i n th e m o un tai ns o f N or th er n C h i na a nd i s so i de n ti fi ed ,

b y th e j apa nese Legge c al ls t h e S /

. zz/
z pl a n t m i l fo i l Wil
l ia m s i n h is d icti o n ary says i t i s a sort o f
,
sy n ge n es i o u s pla n t
,

rese m bl i n g th e A n t/ 26 7m l? o r m ay weed th e P t a r m zm s zé er zca

’ ' '

, ,

w h ic h grows aro u n d Co n fuc i u s gra ve i n K uh fe u a n d a s w as ’

,

d o ne i n a n c i e n t t i m es is sti l l sold th ere i n parcels o f s i xty fo u r

,
-

stal ks for d i v i na tio n th e ste m s w ere o n c e u sed fo r h air p i ns -

I n th e H istor i ca l R ecord ( E 33 ) i t is said th at a h u n dred sta l ks

of th e 512272 pla n t c o m e o ut o f t h e sa m e root W h e re t h is .
“

pla n t grows n e i th er t i gers w ol ves n or poiso n o us pla n ts are

_ , ,
”
fo u n d T he S h u o wen ( an K) says
.
-
Th e 572272 is a k i n d o f “

H a o ( r-é,
"
i
”

Th e pla n t w il l y i eld w h e n a th o usa n d ,

years o ld th ree h u n d red s talks

, Th e l e n gth s o f th e stal k s .

u sed fo r d iv i n at io n were : fo r t h e S o n o f H eave n n i n e feet ; ,

f or th e fe udal pri n c es seve n feet ; fo r th e h i gh o ffi cers fi v e

, ,
”
feet ; a n d for t h e grad ua t es th ree f ee t ,
.
6 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

Th e th is d r u g i s said to be ne fi t respira t i o n t o i n
us e o f ,

v i gora t e th e sk i n a n d m usc u l ar syste m t o br i gh te n t h e eye t o , ,

pro m ote i n tel l i ge n ce a nd i f take n for a l o n g t i m e to preve n t

,

h u n ger a n d tiss u e w aste I t i s prescri bed for d yspepsia a nd .

dyspeptic co nstipat io n .

A C H R Y A N TH E S B I D E N T A T A —4= H fi ( N i u h si ) 9 0 3 .
-
,
.

Th is i s a n A m ara n taceo u s pla n t w i th gree n ish p urpl e ste m s ,

-
,

h av i n g large j oi n ts rese m bl i n g th e k n ee of a n o x w h e nce t h e ,

C h i n ese n a m e ( ox k n ee ) T h e prod uc t sold u nd er th is n a m e

-
.

i n t h e C h i n ese d r ug sh ops i s n o t al ways of th i s spe c ies ; oth er

p rod ucts of th e sa m e o r all i ed ge n era bei n g i n cl uded : as
A ck ry cm f kes emp er or A m a r a m u s a n d Cy a tfi zzl a Tatar i n ov h as
‘

, ,
.

w ro n gl y i de n t i fi ed th i s as P zzp a l zrz i n w h i c h error h e was ,

f oll owed by P orter S m i th .

Th e prod u c t o f th e sh ops varies co nsid erabl y i n appeara nce ,

as m i gh t be ex pected fro m th e n um ber o f d i ff ere n t spec i es o f

pla n t u sed Th e best q u al i ty w h i c h co m es fro m H ua i ch i ng
.
,

f u i n H o n a n o c c u rs i n straigh t fl ex ibl e r oots o f th e siz e of a

,

s m al l q u i ll w r i n k l ed l o n gi t ud i na l l y a nd o f a bro wn i sh y el l o w
, ,

col or . Th e taste i s bi tteris h a n d so m ew h at acrid This i s .

probabl y t h e tr u e ox k n ee A n oth er spec i m e n o f t h e r oot

“ -

i s of a bark brow n or y ell ow ish col or twi sted k notted , , ,

i rre gu lar l i gh t a nd ope n i n str u ct u re w it h fi bro us rootle ts

, ,

a t tach ed o f a d i rty w h i t e c ol or i n th e i nterior a nd w i t h very

,
-
,

l i ttle flav or A coarser vari e ty k now n as J “ 4 B§ ( C h ua n

.
,
‘ ‘

n i u hsi )
-
, 2 4 52 d i ff ers i n n o m aterial respect e x c ept i ng size
, , ,

f ro m t h e l ast O ne a n ci e n t observer says th a t t h e pla n t w it h

.

t h e l arge p urpl e j oi n ts i s t h e sta m i n ate o n e w h i l e that w i t h ,

s m al l gree n j oi n ts i s pistil l ate Th e for m er is th e best fo r .

m ed i cal p u rposes Th e stal k a nd l eaves are also used i n

.

m ed ic i n e bei n g regarded as h avi ng vi rt u es s i m i lar to t h ose o f

,

t h e root . Th e s h oots o f al l of the d i ff ere n t varieties a re ed i bl e .

A n t i rh e u m at i c a nd a n ody ne properties a re a m o n g t h e ch ie f
-

o nes ascribed t o th is d r ug I t is also said to be of us e i n a gue .

,

f e ver u ri n ary d i ffi c ul ties

,
p u erperal a nd c u ta neo u s d iseases
,
.

S o persiste n tl y is i t reco mm e n ded i n l abor a nd p u erpera l

co n di t i o ns th at i t m igh t wel l be w orth w h i le to i n v esti gate i ts
,

v ir t ues i n t h is respect T h e ste ms a nd lea v es are espec ial ly

.
 VEGE T A B L E K I N GDOM .

reco m me nded i n ch ro n i c m alaria l a n d p a l l ud a l poiso n i ng I n .

I nd ia d i u retic a nd astr i n ge n t p roperties are a ttr ib u ted t o

2 4 02223 20 222005 as
p ar a .

A C O N ITU M —A grea t m a n y speci es o f A co n i t e a re met

.

w ith i n C h i na M a xi m o wi cs m e t w i th n i n e i n th e A m u r
.

reg i o n fo ur n ear Pek i ng a nd th ree i n M o n gol i a

, ,
D o u btless .
,

i f al l of th e w i ld a nd c ul t i vated varie ti es o f Szech ua n w ere

e num erated th e l ist w o ul d be v ery m uc h e n lar ged
,
I t is also .

probable tha t sev era l d r ugs prepared for t h e m arke t are deri ved
fro m th e sa m e speci es bei n g al tered i n appeara n ce by c u l t ivatio n
,

and d o m est i ca t i o n Ide n t i fi c at i o n s are ex c eedi ngl y d i ffi c u l t

.
,

a n d i t is o n l y n ecessary to go th ro u gh t h e l is t o f t h ose a lread y

at te m pted to see th e h opel ess state o f th e s u bj ec t I n Pek i n g .

a spec i m e n w i th a bl u e flower ca lled g, fig ( Ts ao w u t o u)

‘ - -
‘

i s ide n ti fi ed as 4 00222222222 kz2s 22 02 0fi 2 2 Tatari n ov ide n ti fie d .

a n oth er cal led Ii ( Ts ao wu) fro m s peci m e ns of th e r oot as

’ -
, , ,

2 40022 2222222 j ap 0 222222222 A m o ng o th er ide n ti fi c at i o ns are Eff l?

.

( E u tz fi ) a bl u e fl ow ered k i n d 4 0022 2222222 fi s c/

’

-
,
ze r z ; a gree n ,
2

fl owere d pla n t E, BE ( Wu ,
4 00 222222222 ly 002 202222 222 ; a n d 2

H e n ry ca lled th e w i ld E, 45 ( Wu t u ) w h i c h g rows i n t h e -
,

m o u n tai n s o f H u pei 2 4 00 222222222 ,

The pri nc i pa l n a m es
u n der w h i c h th e article a ppears i n co m m erce are En
’
: E, ( Ts ao
wu ) a nd fi 5, B E ( Ts ’
ao w u 1 3 3 ; i ll 2 ( C h u a n w u )
5 ,
-
’
-
,

262 fit E,
, ( K u a n g w u ) 6 55 a nd
5 -
B E:
] ( W u ,
1 4 2
7 ,
a nd

Fifi ( F u tz u) 3 4
3 ai fi é T ie h si g ) 1 2 9 1 B73 )? ( F u ’
-
( ,
n u n ,
-
, ,

3 3 7 a n d } l[ W T( C h u a n fu ) 2 4 3 O f th e th ree gro u ps th e
’ -
,
.
, ,

C u sto m s L i sts classi fy th e fi rst as be i n g deri ved fro m 2 4 2022 2222222

leu s n ez ofi z a t N e wc h wa n g a nd fro m oth er ports 2 4 2 0 222222222
’

, ,

22 0122 0220 a n d 2 4 00 222222 222 2222020222222 th e seco n d possibl y 4 00222222222 2

,

22 0 9 11225 ;
0 d th e th i rd 4 2 fi / Th e W } H ( E
'

a n 2 20 22 2 22 222 s c ze r z ,
: u

p ie n ) is sl i ced ac o n i te root probabl y o f th e last na m ed

’
,

s pec ies .

Th e state m e n ts of th e P é 22 25220 i n regard t o t he deri v ati o n

a nd cl assi fi c atio n of th e dr u g a re i n terest i n g i f n o t ac c u rate .
,

T a o H u n g c h i n g t h e co m pi le r o f th e P é 22252z02/
’
say s
’

-
2222
, g ,

th a t 11722 22 22 a n d Wu -
t h e sa m e pl a n t
”
are n a m es app l ied t o th e root o f
Th at tak e n u p i n t h e e i gh th m oo n i s cal led
.

[ fa 22 27 w h i l e th a t d u g u p i n th e spri n g w h e n th e pl a n t
-
, ,
8 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

beg i ns t o spro u t a nd rese m bl i n g a crow s h ead i n s h ape i s

,
’
,

called PV22 Th a t w i th a ped i c l e l i k e a n o x h or n i s -

cal led W u h ui H
i ) Th
-
e i n sp i ssated j u. i c e i s c al led 53 [33
‘ 1

m
' '
’
( S h é wa n-
g ) Th e T 20 22 12
.5 22222
g rese bles th e f
- f a 22 2
7 b u t -
,

i s m ore sle n der a n d fro m th ree to fo u r i n ch es l o n g

,
Th e .

Tsé tz u ( ffilj i s a large l atera l h or n o f th e F 22 22 22 A l l of

’ ‘
- -
.

t h ese n a m es re fer to th e root o f the sa m e pla n t A n ot h er .

a u th or co ns iders th e m to be a ppl i ed t o d i ff ere n t pl a n ts ea c h ,

o f th e m gro w i n g i n a d i ff ere n t locali ty Li S h i h c he n th e .

-
,

a u th or of th e P é 2225220 h owe ver m ak es a state m e n t s i m ilar to

, ,

t ha t o f T a o H un g ch i ng s
’ ’
A m o n g oth er ter m s appl ied t o
-
.

aco n i te by th e C h i n ese are {E $ 5

?
( L o u l a n t z u) w h i c h are - -
,

sa i d to be th e s m al l est la teral t u bers ; mBE ( L i a n g t ou -

’

ch i e n ) w h i c h is a sy n o ny m for VV22
, fi éfi fig; ( C h u
'
’

ch i eh w u -
w h i c h i s sy n o n y m o u s w it h Ts a o w 22 or ’ -

th e w i ld species ; Ek ( K é ng $1l
2
{ } ( T u k u ng
) a nd
fig .
-
,

( Ti A k i n d k n ow n as i W ( T u f u tz u ) I S spec i al l y
’ - -

s pok e n of as fu r n i sh i n g th e arro w p oiso n .

I t m a y be sa i d i n regard t o th is m atte r of id e n ti fi ca ti o n
a n d classi fi c ati o n th at as al l o f t h ese var i et i es c o n tai n e i ther
,
.

A co n i ti n e J apaco n i t i n e Pse u daco n i ti n e o r possibl y D el ph i n

, , ,

i n e s o far as th e ph ar m ac i st a n d ph ysi c i a n are c o ncer n ed t h e

, ,

d ist i n c ti o n be c o m es o f l ess i m po rta n ce V ary i ng stre n gth s of .

th e alk al o i d represe n ted i n d i ff ere n t speci m e ns o f th e d r u g

w o u ld be t h e o n ly q u esti o n o f i m porta n ce t o t h e d i spe n ser a n d ,

u n der th e n e w m et h ods of d r u g assay th is c a n be readil y

reg u la ted .

’
Th e so cal led C h ua n wu t o u ( } l[ g 35) a n d K u a n g wu ’ - - -

( j if
,
as th e y a ppear i n c o m m e rc e are t op sh aped t ubero us ,
-
,

roo ts fr o m o n e i n c h a nd a q u arter t o o ne i nc h a n d a h al f i n
,

l e n gth a nd rath er m ore th a n h al f a n i n c h i n th i c k n ess

, ,

ac c ord i n g t o th e n u m ber a n d s iz e o f th e dri ed rootl ets w h ic h

proj e c t irreg u larly fro m t h e s urfa c e Th e exter n al c u ticle i s .

i rreg u larl y ro u gh a n d h a rd a nd o f a brow n ish bl ack col or w h i le ,

-
,

th e i n ter i or str u c t u re i s fi r m a m y la c e o u s a nd o f a d i rty w h ite , ,

col or The taste i s b i tter a c rid a nd be n u m b i n g th e t u bers

.
, , ,

be i n g seld o m w or m eate n Th e dr u g i s h i gh l y poiso n o u s Th e

-
. .

P é 22 5220 g i ves t h e fol l ow i n g des c ri pt i o n of C h u a n w u ( III E )

‘ ’ -
2 ,

w h i ch i t m ak es i de n tical wi t h VVu t o u ( E a n d Ts a o w u -
’
,
’ -
 VE G E T A B L E K I NGDOM .
9

Th e lea v es a n d th e fl o wers co m e at th e sa m e
’
( g 5 BE)
“
t ou

t i m e appear i n g i n th e fi rs t m oo n Th e l eaves are th ick th e

,
.
,

T h ey are si m ilar to A r temzs za

’ ’

ped i c l e sq u are a n d h ol low

‘
.

leaves Fro m th e fo urt h t o t h e eigh t h m oo n a j u i c e c a n be

.

ex pressed fro m th e stal ks w h i c h m a y be evaporated t o m ak e ,

arro w poiso n Th is w h e n placed u po n arrow t i ps a nd u sed for

.
,

k i l l i n g birds w il l prod uce death i n a bi rd so sh ot i n th eti m e i t

,

w o u ld t ake o n e t o wal k t e n steps I f m e n are sh o t w ith th ese .

”
arrows t hey w i l l also d i e B oth t h e P é n zs a o a nd th e C usto m s
’

.
,

R eports gi ve th e ori g i n o f th i s dr u g a s t h e provi nc e o f Sze c h ua n .

T h e d r u g cal led Ts a o wu ( 3? E ) a nd Ts ao w u t ou ( fi é,
’ ’ -
’ - -

BE) a s fo u n d i n th e C usto m s sh eds a n d n ati ve d r ug stores is

, ,

so m e w h at d i ff ere n t fro m th a t j u st d escribed I t c o nsists o f .

m i xed t u bero u s roots evide n tl y o f m ore t h a n o ne species o f ,

A co m tu m ; t ha t co m i n g f ro m M a n c h uri a be i n g cl assi fi ed as
’

A ca m tu m leu m eg o w zz a n d th a t fro m o th er por t s as A co m tu m

’ ’ ’

vol u é zl e a n d A com tu m u n a a Zu m I t is possi bl e th a t A com l u m

' ' ’

f e r ox m a y be i ncl uded i n th e l ist Th e speci me ns , th ere fore .

,

va ry a good deal bei ng s om e ti m es o v oi d obl o ng a nd taperi ng

,
’

, ,

t o a po i n t or b i fi d or eve n ro unded a t t h e ex tre mi ties

, ,
T h ey .

vary fro m th ree q u arte rs o f a n i nc h t o o ne i n c h a nd a h al f i n

l e n gth are c overed w i t h s m ooth i sh or w ri n k led dark c u ticl e
, , ,

a nd are freq u e n tl y w or m eate n I n t er n al l y t h ey are w h i t ish a nd

-
.

star c h y ha v i ng very l ittle od or b u t t h e taste is very acrid a nd

, ,

be n u m bi n g I n M a n ch u ri a a s un dr i ed extrac t of t h is aco n i te
.
-

is sai d t o be prepared th e d ead l y properti es o f w h i c h h ave bee n

,

co nfi r med by t h e exper i m e n ts o f D r C hr istiso n H a n b ury s a ys . .

t ha t eq a l parts o f Ts ao wu ( 35 E ) C h ua n wu t )
u ’ ’
a nd-
.
,
-
”
N ao ya ng h ua ( EEJ L332
- -
i n powder i s u sed t o prod u ce l ocal ,

a naesth esia Th e m oiste n ed pow der i s appl ied to t h e s u r fa ce o f

.

t h e par t to be operated u po n for t wo h o urs pre v i o us t o th e -

opera ti o n by w h ic h m ea n s i t i s al le ged i nse n sib i l i ty to pai n

, , ,

w i l l be prod u ced Th e l ast s ubsta n ce above n a m ed is probabl y

.

H y os cy a m u s 72 n6 7 al th o ug h i t m a y be a D a tu r a
, .

F u t z ii ( W { F } i s probably best c lassi fi ed as A com f u m

'

The P é n ts a o m ak es t h is a n i n fer ior or u n r i pe

’

fi s cfi e r z .

sort of W u t o u ( S ’
E1 w h i ch i s called W 5 { i}
-
-
5 To .

disti n g u is h i t fro m Pa i f u tz fi ( é F5 ff ) a pl a n t of th e A r u m - - “

fa m il y i t is so meti mes cal led H e i fu tz ii

, Eff f ) I t is sai d - -
.
I O C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

t o be c u l t i va ted u po n a large scal e i n C h a n g m i n g H s i e n ,

L u n ga n F u Sze c h u a n
, A n el abor a te w ork o n i ts c u l t i vat i o n
.

wa s wr i t te n i n th e S u n g dy n as ty fro m w h i c h i t appears t ha t b y ,

t h e use o f pi g s d u ng a nd a l o n g per i od of d o m est i c a ti o n th i s

’ -
, ,

speci es o f ac o n i te a nd perh aps A co n ztzmz n ap e l l u s h ave bee n

’

, ,

r e n dere d m uc h less poiso n o us Th e pla n t is m ad e to d evel o p .

v ery m a n y a ppe nded s i d e t ubers wh i c h w h e n gath ered i n th e , ,

w i n ter are prepa red by stee p i n g i n v i n egar a nd sal ti n g th e m

, ,

a nd a f terwards treati n g th e m by a process best k n ow n t o th ose

e ngaged i n th e trade T h e t u bers w i th n u m ero us rad i c les are

.

th e m os t es tee m ed A s fo u n d i n t h e d r u g sh ops they a re larger

.
,

t h a n t h e roots o f th e Ts a o w u ( E, E5 ) b u t oth erw i se v ery ’ -

,

s i m ilar i n a ppeara n ce F u p ie n ( T iff l? ) is m erel y th e t u bers o f

.
-
’

th e A com zu m fi s c/
’ '

zer z stri pped o f th e c u ti cle a fter soak i n g

‘

w i th v i n egar dried t h oro u gh l y a n d c u t i n t o sl ic es w h i c h are

, , ,

bri ttl e c u rl ed tra nsl u ce n t w h i te a nd ex h ibi t th e c o nc e n tr i c

, , , ,

arra nge m e n t of th e vasc u lar b u nd les w h ich traverse t h e roo t

l e ngt h w ise I t i s b u t very sl ig h tl y a c r id as m i gh t be ex pe c ted
.
,

f ro m t h e a ct io n o f th e acid o n t h e r oot i n wh i c h i t i s m acerated ,

fo r a w eek A n oth er dr u g said to be deri ved fro m th e s m al l

.
,

sid e t ubers o f th e A com zu m fi s c/ ze m i s cal led Ts é tz ii ( L

’ '

BJ)
‘
-
,

T h e fi rst ch aracter i n both F u zz zz a nd Ts é zz fi are properl y

‘
‘
- -

wri tte n wi t h t h e grass rad i ca l ( : a nd Q ) m .

m co m l n m
’
T ie n h si un g ( B E fi) f is by so e cl assed as A ‘
-
a
v a r ze a tzm z
'

g B u t
.

j u dgi n g by
,
t h e descrip ti o n give n i n th e

P é m s a o i t w o u ld al m ost appear to be a s ta m e n i fer o u s or steril e

‘

v ariety o f t h e A com f u m fi s c/
’ '

ze r z c ul ti vated i n Szech ua n a n d ,

al tered by do m es ticatio n T h e pre pared t ubers are t o p sh a ped .

-
,

ovoid m eas u ri n g on e i n c h a n d th ree q u arters l o n g by o n e i n c h

,

a nd a h al f i n bread th o f a black color ex ter n a ll y

,
a n d o fte n ,

e ncr usted w i t h a sal i ne efflores c e nce Several t u ber c les e m boss .

t h e o u ter s u rface m ore especial ly a t th e u pper part

,
Th e .

i n teri or is of a black ish brow n c olor m oist a n d greasy I n so me

-
,
.

f resh er speci m e ns th e c ol or wa s l igh ter a nd th e tex t u re m ore

a m y lace o us T he taste is sal tis h fol lowed by th e c hara c teri sti c
.
,

se nsati o ns ca used by aco ni te .

Th e P é n zs a o co n siders a l l o f t h e v ario us for ms o f aco n it e

t o be th e sa m e Th a t is to say eac h is a d i ff ere n t stage i n th e
.
,

row th or c u l t i v a t i o n o f t he pla n t A n u m ber o f ex pla n a t i o ns

g .
 V EG E T A B L E K I N GDOM . I I

a re q u o t ed fro m var i o u s a u th ors A s for i nsta n ce o ne Say s .

, ,

t h a t th e prod u ct o f th e fi rs t y e a r o f th e pla n t s l i fe is cal le d

’

Ts é tz u ( lE'
-
l 3 th a t of t he s eco n d y ear Wu h ui ( 5 H i ) ; th e ,
-

t h i rd F u tz ii ( W
,
- t h e fo ur th Wu t o u ( 5, E g
g ) ; a nd th e ,
-
’

fi fth T i e n h si u n g ( if i i )
,
’ -
A s ix t h for m i s spoke n o f w h ic h .
,
7
i s c al led L o u l a n t z u ( 15 15 5 a n d is co nsidered to be a n
'
‘
- - ?

i m m at ure for m o f t h e aco n i te pl a n t B ut as M u pieh tz u .

- -

( 7k fig is give n as a n oth er n a m e for i t a nd as t h is is probably ,

t h e fr u i t o f the M a m or a zca t h e ter m i nolo gy is

’
'

h ere probabl y a t fa u l t .

Th e P é n ts a o a lso says th a t a n arrow poiso n is prepare d

f ro m a pla n t grow i n g i n s o m e c o un try west of C h i n a ; th e pl a n t s ’

n a m e bei n g 5 g 3 : ( T u pa i I t says tha t th is i s a n

5 -

a c o n i te b ut n o t t he C h u a n wu ( l ll
,
’
Th is probabl y i s -

beca use a c o n ite i s prac tical l y t h e o n l y s u bs ta n ce t h a t h as bee n

”
u sed as arrow poiso n i n C h i n a Th e wes ter n co u n try dr u g “
.

m a y as w el l h ave bee n S tr ap / za fl t/zu s or so m e al li ed pla n t of t h e ,

d i gi ta l is series A s th e s u bsta n c e i s n o t read i l y fo u n d i n th e

.

d r ug sh ops a nd i ts exac t place o f ori gi n is n o t k n ow n i t h as

, ,

n o t y et bee n st u d ied A n oth er very poiso n o us s u bsta n ce cal led

.
,
”
{E i ( La ng t u w ol f s ba n e ) a n d {E $3 EB: ( La ng t u
“ ’ 1
.
- - -
, :

6 93 is poss ibl y A co m tu m Zy cocton u m b ut m ore probabl y

’

, ,

A con zl u m f e r ox
'

Th e roots are large a nd starch y a nd are o fte n

.
,

m uc h w or m eate n I t i s u sed as a seda ti ve a nd i n v iole n t

-
.

co ugh s I t is t h e co mm o n ar tic le for poiso n i ng birds a nd

.

beasts wh e never t h is i s d o ne .

Th e C h i nese d o n o t see m t o h ave co ns idered a ny o f th e

a c o ni tes as ed i bl e b u t t h e P é n ts a o speaks o f o ne v ar iety as n on
,

po iso n o us Th is i s 4 En ( N i u pie n) w h ic h m a y be t he
.
‘
-
,

A com t u m s ep i e n t r zon a l e u se d i n Lapla n d as a poth erb

’
'

, I t is .

e n t i rely probable th at th e ed i ble v ar i et ies i nd ige n o us to I n d ia ,

s uc h as th e A corzzt u m ma l f zfi a u m a nd t h e A com l u m r ot zm d zl
’

’
'

f ol zzm z are also fo u nd i n C h i na

'

, T he N i u pie n ( 4 E ) is o n l y .
-
‘

u sed as a lot i o n for u lcers a n d as a n i n sectic id e o n ca ttle .

A l l o f t he dr ugs i n c l u ded i n t h is l is t o f ac o n i tes so fa r a s ,

t h ey are u sed by th e C h i nese are o n l y e m pl oyed a fter t he y ha ve

'

b ee n prepared i n v ari o us w ays so as to d i m i n ish th e po iso no us

p roper t i es of t he pla n ts Th i s expl a i ns t h e al m os t u n i for m
.

pr a c tice o f soa k i n g th e t ubers i n v i negar for a lo nger or s h orte r

 1 2 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M E D I C A .

period be fore the y are pla c ed o n th e m ark e t A s is th e c ase .

w i th mos t d r u gs h av i ng s tro n g ph ysiol og i c al propert i es th ese

a c o n i tes are pres c ribed for th e w i d es t var i e ty o f bod i l y d i sorde rs .

A si m pl e lis t o f t h e d iseases fo r w h i c h t h ey are reco m m e n ded

w o u ld i n cl ud e m ost of th e d isorders to w h i c h flesh i s h ei r .

They are c o n s id ered t o be sti m u la n t d iaph oreti c d i ureti c , , ,

ar th ri ti c seda t i ve al terat i ve a n d deobstr u e n t

, , ,
Th ey are .

ac c ord i ngly u sed i n fevers ag u e r h e u m atis m n ervo us d i sorders

, , , ,

n e u ral gias a n d a l l sorts o f pai n fu l c o n d iti o ns dr opsy ch ol era , , ,

a n d are c o n s i dered to be s peci al l y e ffi c acio us i n th e m a n y for ms

of dyse n tery fo u nd i n C h i n ese n osol ogy C o ndi t i o ns co nsidere d .

t o res ul t fro m th e d ist u rba n ce i n th e bala n ce bet wee n th e d ua l

pri nc i ples are d i ff ere n tl y a ffec ted by t h e d ifi ere nt v arieties o f
t h is pla n t For i ns ta n c e i f t he y i n av
.
g, ) i s de fi cie n t or“
t h e ,

ya n g ”
i n ex c ess Wu t o u ,
is the o n e to be
-
’

e m pl oyed ; b u t i f t h e O p posi te co nd i tio n e xists th e n T i e n ’

h s i u ng 35i i ) sh o u ld be ad m i n istered T h is see ms a t leas t t o .

, ,

be i n har m o n y w it h t h e sex u ali ty of t h ese pla n ts .

A C OR U S —T h e c h arac ter ch a n g ( g ) i s appl ied

.
’
Ch i n a in
a nd Japa n t o t he ge n us A cor u s o f w h ic h se vera l species , ,

i n cl u d i ng t h e co mm o n s weet fl ag ( A cor u s ca l a m u s ) are fo u n d ,

i n E aster n A sia T h e ch arac ter p u ( 7a?) i s de fi ned by K a ng

.
’

H s i as ”
“
a r ush s u ita ble for m ak i n g m ats Th is c h arac te r .

m i gh t be s u ggested a s a d i sti n cti ve ter m for t h e orde r o f

j nca cee
u .O wi n g t o t h e aq uat i c h a bi t o f th e pr i nci ple rep
res e n ta ti v e o f t h e ge n u s bot h th e P é msa o a n d K a n g H s i c lassi fy

t h e A cor u s w i t h t h e r u s h fa m i l y H e n ce C h a n g p u ( 35; fif )
.
’ -
’
,

”
A c or us r ush O f t he d i ff ere n t var i e ties o f A cor u s th e t w o
.

ch aracters 5 ifii 2 9 see m to be reser ved for A cor n s Z er r cs t r zs

'

, , ,

w h i le t h e A co r u s ca la m u s i s sh u i c h a n g p u ( 7k g iii ) a n d th e
-
’ -
’

A cor n s g r a m m a rs is sh i h ch a n g p u ( E g 5’ -
’
333 1 1 39
- A n othe r ,
.

varie ty k n ow n as c h a n g j u n g ( r 8 A r u s o kr a a nd
’
s; -
2 co ,
'

pa i c h a ng ( Q is th e T h e l ea f of the
’
-
g ) A co r u s
p
s u r zu s .

l atter is described as w i t h o u t a m id ri b w h ich probably m ea ns -

,

th a t i t does n o t h ave t h e elevated r id ge o n th e lea ves co m m o n

t o th e other vari eties I ts r h i z o m e is n o t c o ns i dered t o be
.

ed i ble a nd i t i s used in m edic i n e o n l y as a n i nsectic id e a nd a n

,

a nt i pr ur i tic .
 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDO M .
3
'

I t i s p rob a b le th at t h e A cor ns f e r r es tr zs a nd t h e A cor n s

r a m zn e u s f r n ish t h e grea ter par t of th e prod uc t t o th e
’

g u

co m merce o f C h i na al th o ug h i t is reported as A cor u s ca l a m zzs

,

fro m several ports T h e prov i n ces fro m w h i ch th e larger par t

.

c o mes a re Szech ua n K u a n gt u n g a nd K u a n gs i ;
, w h i le ,

C h ek ia n g A n h u i a nd H o na n are m e n t io ned as add i tio n al

, ,

so u r c es of s u ppl y Th e pl a n t is arti fi c ia l l y c u l ti vated to s u ppl y

.

t h e d e m a n d for i ts s w ord l i k e leaves w h i c h are h u n g u p a t th e -

,

D ra go nb oa t festi va l o n t h e fi fth d ay of th e fi fth m oo n o f ea c h

y ear (
. See t h e art i cl e on T h e d r u g i s m e t w i t h
i n t h e for m o f br i ttle bro w n ish yel l o w brok e n rootl ets ,
-
, ,

i rreg u l arl y r id ged a nd n o t i naptl y co m pared by t h e C h i n ese to

,

w h i p cord - Th ey h av e a n agreea ble s m el l a nd th e i n ter i or i s

.
,

w h i te a n d starch y i n tex t u r e a n d o f a s wee t i sh aro m ati c fla vor .

A s th e r h iz o me proper is a m ore e fli c i e n t d r u g i t is probabl e ,

t h at i t is also e m pl oyed al th o u g h i t is n o t so o fte n fo u n d i n th e

,

sa m ples passi ng t hro u g h t h e I m pe r i a l C usto m s S ti m u la n t .

,

t o nic a ntispas m od ic sedati ve s to m a c h i c d iaph ore t i c a n t i

, , , , ,

period ic a nd ot h er proper t ies are referred to t h is d r u g w h ic h

, ,

h as so m e excel l e n t v i r t u es as co nfi r m ed by m a n y tr ustworth y ,

observers i n I nd ia a n d E u rope I ts i n sectic idal a nd i n s ec t i f uga l

.

propert ies are u n d erstood by th e C h i n ese w h o re fer i ts ,

prop h y lac t ic powers to so m e s u c h i n fl ue nc e I t is w orth w h i le .

re me mberi n g t h a t i n C o nsta nti n opl e th i s d r ug i s lar gel y eate n

as a pre ve n t i v e aga i nst pes ti le n ce T h e po wd er th e j ui c e a nd .
, ,

a t i nc t ure are t h e favori t e m et h ods o f ex h i bi t i o n w i t h th e

C h i nese w h o use i t i n h ae m op tysis col i c m e n orrh agia a nd
, , , ,

o th er fl u xes a nd appl y t h e j u ice or coarse powder to carb u n c les

, ,

b uboes d ea f ears a n d sore ey es I t is s a i d t o be a n t i d ota l to

, ,
.

th e poiso n of e u ph or biaceo us pla n ts T he l eaves are use d to .

w ash p ust u lar er upti o n s a nd lepro us sores T he prol i fi c .

fl o weri ng o f t h e pla n t i s sai d to be toke n lar ge h ar vests .

A CT E A S PI C A T A — U n der t h e C h i nese n a m e o f i f M .

( S h é ng m a 1 1-
3 2 th e roots o f a n u m ber of R a n u n c u la c eo u s
,

pla n ts are fo un d i n th e m ark et s ; s u c h as A ctoa sp zca za A s f zloo

' '

A s tzl oe m zoe rg z, Czmzczf ug a d o u r zca Czm zczf ug a

' ' ' ’ ’ '
’ ’ ’

cfzzne n s zs , ,
’

m
' ‘

f oztzd a a nd ,
C f g j p
zo zzc u a
z a o m ccz P orter S i th fol l ow i n g .
,

H a n b u ry w h o i n t ur n h ad fol lo wed a wro n g ide n ti fi ca t i o n b y

,
1 4 C H I N E S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

S iebold cal l s th is T/ za l zct r m n r zzoc l l zm z W h il e t h ese m a y al l

'

.
,

be s i m i lar i n ph ysiol o gi c al a c ti o n i t i s scarce ly probabl e th a t ,

th ey are o f eq u a l val u e a n d m ed i c i n al stre n gt h T h e i d e n t ific a .

t i o n o f th e vari o us species re m ai ns v e t t o be d o n e w h i l e i f th e ,

d r u g has t h e m ed ic i nal proper ties ascr i bed t o i t by th e C h i n ese ,

t h e c o m parat i ve val u e a n d a c ti o n o f th e var i o u s k i n ds i s sti ll t o

be ascertai n ed A c c ord i n g t o th e C h i n ese books th e c h ie f
.

so urce of t h e dr u g i s th e m o u n ta i n ravi n es of S zech u a n ; b u t

th e C usto m s R e ports i n add i t io n to th e prov i n ce a lread y
,

m e n t i o n ed gi ve M a n c h u r i a S h e n s i C h ek ia n g K u a ng t u n g
, , , , ,

a nd K u a n gs i as so u rces o f s u ppl y I t i s possi bl e th a t th e .

v ar i o u s prov i n ces ma y fu r n ish roots fro m d i ff ere n t b u t al l i ed

ge n era a n d spe c i es Th e s u per i or q u a l i ty o f t h e d r ug i s call ed
.

i f lfi P] (
g E S h e n g m a
j o u) 1 1
-
3 3 w h i l-
e t h e i,
n fer i or i s desig n ated
,

91 f mg BE ( S h é n g m a -
1 1 3 4 Th e co m m o n l y u sed . var i e ty
of th e pla n t m os t n earl y rese m bl es A czoa i n th e d esc ri p ‘

t i o n gi ve n i n t h e books so t h is articl e is w ri tte n u n der t h is

,

classi fi c ati o n .

M arve lo u s pro perties are ascribed t o t hi s d r u g i n Ch i n ese

m ed ical w orks I t i s regarded as a correct i ve for every for m
.
“

o f poiso n preser v i ng fro m O ld age a n d preve n ti n g dea t h ; a

,

proph ylactic agai nst pestile n ce m alaria ev i l m ias m s a n d th e , , ,

”
k u ( Q ) poiso n O ne is re m i n ded th a t for ty y ears a go
.

C i m zczf ug a r a cemos cz was h e ld i n al m ost as h i gh rep u te by a

'

cer tai n sc h ool o f ph ysicia n s i n A m eri ca W h e th er th e C h i n ese .

d r u g is as i ner t as t h e A m er i ca n prod u ct re m ai n s t o be ,

co n s i d ered To sa y t h e l eas t i t i s re m ark abl e t h a t e m p i r i cs

.
,

separated by w i de ocea n s a n d by reach es o f ti m e sh o u l d h a v e ,

co m e to practical l y th e sa me esti m ate o f w h at i s appare n tl y so

w orth l ess a d r u g I n add i tio n t o i ts u s e i n m ias m at i c a n d
.

i n fe c t i o us d isorders i t is prescr i bed i n n ervo us c ry i n g o f

ch i ld re n i n sk i n d i eases i n t h e treat m e n t of m a li g n a n t
,
s
,

t u mors ,
i n ap h th o u s sore m o u th a n d i n post par t u m ,
-

h e m orrhage .

A CT I N I D I A —
3
§ ( C h a n
g . Th is i s th e cl a ssica l
’

n a me .Th e S h u o wen says i t is th e i t? Ms ( Ya n g

-
It is a
cl i m bi n g shr u b w i t h ed i ble fr u i t abo u t t he s i ze o f a pl u m .

T h ere see ms t o be t wo v ar ie ties w h ic h h a v e bee n ide n t i fi ed a s ,

 1 6 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

i s m u c h l i g h t er a nd b u l k ier th a n gi n se ng Th e i nt erior is .

s p o n gy a n d o f a yel l o wish w h i te a n d t h e c ross sect i o n sh ows a

-
,
-

c u r i o u s l y pl c a te d arra n ge m e n t o f t h e t i ss u e
i t h e folds rad i a t i n g ,

i rreg u larl y fr o m t h e ce n ter to th e c i r c u m fere n c e A s th e ste m .

gro ws older t h i s arra n ge m e n t is less d i st i n c t

, T h e taste i s .

b i tter s wee t sl i gh tl y cool i n g a nd d e m u lce nt

-
,
I t i s u sed l argel y .

i n p u l m o n ary d i seases espe c ial l y t h ose a tte nde d by fe ver a n d

, ,

as a ge n eral t e i c a n d restora t i ve o f bod i l y v igor

rz Th e book s .

say t h e J é n s h en ( A 2 ) is -
6 restorat i ve o f th e y a n g pri n ” “

”
c ipl e w h i le S h a s h é n
, 26 ) restores t h e y i n
-

—
H s i g y e h sh a sh e (g
7 ;
f
l é
i id 2 ) i s c o n sid er e d t o be i d e n
6
‘

n -
n -
) 5 -

ti c a l w i th C h i n i ( E -
Th e P é n ts a o says i n regard t o th i s
l a tter th at th e root is l i ke S h a s h é n ( id) a n d th e leaves are -

l ik e th e apr i c ot th erefore t h e people o f H o n a n c al l i t a pricot ,

”
l eaved s h a s hé n ~
T h e pla n t co n ta i ns a large q u a n ti ty o f
j u i ce w
,
h i ch is cal led i, E
f fi
g ?
5 ( C h i m i n u n g l u ) c h i ui - - -
,
“ -

”
no / a r em ot ol za
t h i ck d ew Th e C h i n i ( a ? Fé ) is A w if th e
'

. d e -
p r s
,

co m m o n h arebel l T h e proper t i es o f th i s root are s wee t a nd

.

cool i n g I t i s rep uted as a n a n ti dote for a l l k i n ds o f m ed i c i na l

.

p oiso ns I t also is sai d to be e ffi c acio us i n t h e bites o f p o i so n

.

o u s i nsec ts a nd re pti les as wel l as t o o ver c o m e t h e e ff ects o f

,

arro w po i so n V ir ule n t u lcers poiso n ed wo u nds a n d th e k n

-
.
, ,

po i so n are also said to be be ne fi ted by i t A s th e d r ug .

see m s t o be a si mple de m ul ce n t o ne does n o t u ndersta n d h o w ,

i t c a n h ave sec u red a re p u tatio n i n s u c h a w ide ra nge of

Ti u i ( 731 fl ) is g ive n as a sy n o ny m of
‘

po iso no us a ff ectio ns .
-

t h e above b u t i t probabl y is d isti n c t as i nd i c ated at t h e h ea d

, ,

of th is ar ticl e S i m i lari ty i n ge n eral appeara n c e o f t h e

.

root a n d i n m ed i cal propert ies m a y acco un t for t h e C h i nese

c lass i fi c a ti o n .

Ta n g s h é n ( i g ) 1 2 51 is classed by t h e P ézztm o w i t h
-
, ,

tr u e g i nse ng Th e n a m e co m es fro m J : E ( Sh a n g ta n gl t h e
.
-
,

a n c ie n t n a m e o f L n a n f u i n S ha n si fro m w h ic h o n e of t h e t wo
- -
,

pri n c i pa l k i nds o f gi nse n g orig i n a l l y ca m e For th is reaso n .

t h e c o mplete n a me i s j ; g é A {a (
s S h a n g ta n gj e n
‘
s h en ) B u t - - -
.

a t th e prese n t t i m e a t leas t Ta ng s hé n represe n ts Ca m pa n u la -

a n d so m eti m es goes by th e n a m e o f B a s za m
’
c eo u s roots Gi n ‘

s en
g . T hese roots are m u c h m ore ope n t h a n e v e n th e w ors t

spec i m e ns of gi nse n g al l of w h ic h h av e a m uc h s h arper ,

 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDOM . 1
7

a nd m ore aro m atic fla v or T h e C u sto m s Lis t s classi fy Ta n g .

s h en ( i as C a m a n u m aea p i l os u l a , a nd i t is possibl e th at
g)
ae p
t h e T u ta n g sh en i i i f ) , m e n ti o n ed above , is n ot t h e sa m e ,
‘ - -

a l th o u gh s u pply i n g a root si m i lar i n appeara n ce a nd q ual i ty

t o the for m er It is m e t w i t h i n l o n g , sle n der , taperi ng, pal e
.

y e ll ow pie c es sl i gh tl y t w isted
,
T h ey are abo ut fi ve i nch e s .

i n le ngt h m u c h s m a l ler th a n Fa n g ta n g s h é n ( Fj j g:
‘
- -
,

w h i c h th ey very m uc h rese m ble bei ng w ri n k led or furrowed ,

l o ng i t ud i n al ly a n d tra nsversel y Th e i n terior is bri ttle brow n .

,

ish y el l o w ope n i n str u c t u re a n d w i t h a l i g h ter ce n tral pi th

-
, , .

Th e taste i s s weetis h a nd sl i gh tl y m u c i la ge n o us rese m bl i ng ,

t h a t of m al t Th e C u sto m s Lists also give M i ng ta n g s h é n

.
- -

“
( iB f: 8 53 a n d say th at th i s is th e C h i n i ( fi
, Ii ) a nd -
,

t h at i t is q u i te d i ffere n t fro m Ta n g s h é n ( i i; 1 2 1
5 O n -
.

t h e s u ppos i tio n t h a t Ta n g sh é n is fro m a spe cies o f t r ue gi nse n g

-
,

t h is w o u l d be c orrect B ut eve n t h ese l ists gi ve th e ori gi n o f

.

Ta n g s h é n fro m th e Ca mp a n u l a cew a nd i f t h ere is a n y d is

-
, ,

ti n cti o n i t w o u ld be betwee n th e d i ff ere n t ge nera or species

,

C od on op s zs [ em ceol a ta a n d Ca mp a nu maza
'

o f t h is ord er e g ,
. .
,

e m
'

p zl os u l a M i n g ta n g ( E
.
93 -
or cl ar g i n se n g f ro S h a n g “

”
ta n g ,
is fo u n d i n h ard pieces o f fo u r i n ch es i n le ngth taper ,

i ng a t both e n ds l i k e a cigar ; o ne e nd bei n g tr u n cated a nd t h e

oth er poi n ted Th e c u ticl e is o f a y el l ow ish col or stai n e d
.
,

w it h redd is h poi n ts m arked w i t h fi ne l i n es or fu rro ws a nd

, ,

th e i n ter i or hard w h i te poro us a nd easil y separated fro m t h e

, , ,

tra nsl u ce n t cor tica l par t Ta n g s h é n i ? ) is dist i n g u ish e d

.
-
s

i n co mm erce b y se vera l spe c ial desig n at i o n s i n d i c at i n g i t s ,

so u rce or t h e m a n ner o f pa c k i n g A m o n g th ese is Fa n g ta n g .

-

( vi also cal led Fa n g ta n g s h én ( Fj j fig 26 ) a n d Fa n g fen g

- - -

ta n g s h é n ( I9? 51 fit
-
Th i s is t h e k i n d t h at co mes fro m
,

H u peh a n d i s described by Porter S m i th as foll o ws :

, Th is “

is a d r u g m e t w i t h i n b u n d les o f l o n g taper i n g a n g u lar , ,

p ieces o f d
,
i rty brow n col or m
-
arked w i th w ri n k les a n d fi ss ures
, ,

or tra nsverse r i n gs Th ey a verage abo u t a foot i n l e n gth a nd

.
,

a re m ore or less t o u gh or bri ttle ac c ord i n g to age T here .

,

are re m n a n ts of th e radi c les a t th e th ick er or l owe r e n ds ,

.

Th e cross sect i o n is of a l ig h ter c ol or sh ow i n g th e sa m e ope n , ,

pl i ca ted arra n ge m e n t o f th e w ood y t i ss u e as th e Sh a s h é n -

( id? i t ) , w i t h a fi r mer ce n tra l p i th of a y e l lo w c olor Th e two .

1 8 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M E D I C A .

dr u gs r ese m ble each oth er a good deal b ut t h e o ne u nder ,

c o nsideratio n i s m u c h l arger a n d darker a nd m ark ed ex ,

t er na ll y w i th dar k patch es o f th e d ri ed j u i ce I t h as a sweet .

,

mu c i l a ge n o us taste a n d i s u sed as a to n i c l i k e gi n se n g
,
I t is .

u sed i n sy ph i l i s j u st as th e C a mp a n u l a g l a zzm is a m o n gst th e

,
”
J apa n ese C h ua n ta n g
. is fro m Sze c h ua n a n d i s i n
‘ -
,

l arge dark pieces rese m bl i n g Sh a s h en ( i )d , H s i ta n g - -

( E5 2 5) is fro m S h e ns i L n ta n g (
3 E) fro m L u a n pre
,
fect u re -
m
i n S h a ns i Pao ta ng ( El ii ) is th e d r u g i n bal es H s i a n g
.
-
, ,

t ang i is th at i boxes w h i l e F é p i LI K or F é ‘
) n n g ( E ) n g ,
-
,

p i ta n g ( L
‘ -
EI j} : i ) or H u n g ta n g ( fi
V, g: $1) i s th e s u bsta n ce i n
,
-

b u n dles fast e ned w i th red cord Tatar i n ov th o u gh t to ide n ti fy .

Ta n g sh én ( E- as a Co n v ol mzl u s , b u t t h ere is n o d o u bt th a t
t h is i s a c a m pa n u la c eo u s pla n t .

C h i eh k én g ( 13? fl ) P Za Zj /ma on g m n d zflor u m is a red

'

-
’
, ,

s te m m ed ge n u s o f th e C a mp m zu l a cem Th e P é n ts a o says th at .

i t i s l i k e th e C h i n i F ifi ii ) th e latter be i n g sweet w h ile t h e

-
, ,

for m er is b i tter Li k e oth ers of th is order i ts roots are used

.
,

t o falsi fy gi nse n g It i s bro u gh t fro m Sze c h u a n H u peh

.
, ,

H o n a n Sh a n si a n d poss i bly fro m oth er provi nces o f N orth

, ,

C h ina I t oc c urs i n sh ort dark brow n p i e c es m u c h sh riveled

.
,
-
,

a n d w r i n k l ed a n d s o m et i m es m o n i l i for m
,
vary i n g i n si ze fr o m ,

that of a l i tt le fi nger to a wri ti n g q u i ll o r eve n s m aller I ts ,

.

t aste i s said t o be sligh tl y bi tter a n d de m u l c e n t I ts as c r i bed .

m ed i ci n al q u al i ti es are m a n y a m o n g w h i ch th e m ore i m p orta n t ,

are to n i c astr i nge n t sedat i ve sto m ach ic a n d ver m i fuge

, ,
It , ,
.

is special l y reco m m e nded i n bl oody fl u xes fro m the bowe ls .

A D I A N TU M —T h e s u bsta n ce spok e n o f i n th e C u sto ms

.

Lists as T i eh s i e n ts ao ( ii fig ‘ - 1 281 i s gi ve n i n th e List

- ‘
,

o f C h i n ese Pla n ts k n ow n t o L i n n ae u s as A d i m zl zmz fla be l l a zu m ‘

a nd i s also i n c l u ded i n L o u r e i ro s Fl ora C o c h i n c h i n e n s i s u n der

’

t h e sa m e c lass ifi c ati o n T i eh sie n ts ao ( fifi is? fi ) as g i ve n .

‘ - - ‘
,

i n th e P é n f s a o see m s ra th er to be a P olj g om zm a n d is re p re
,
f
,

P o lyg om m z a w ca
’

s e n ted to be th e sa m e as P i e n bs li ( 3 5 -

Zai r e The part u sed i s th e root w h i l e th e prod u ct appear i n g

.
,

at th e C u sto m s i s th e stal k a n d leaves F u rth er ide n t i fi c at i o n .

o f th i s s u bsta n c e i s n e c essary Th e d r ug sp oke n of i n t he .

P én l s a o is used i n t h e treat m e n t o f colds .

 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDOM . 1 9

S h i h ch a n g sh e n g ( If E Q )
A d i a n tu m mo u ock l a my s , - ‘ -
,

is a tr u e F i l ix I t is fo u n d i n m o u n ta i n o u s d i stri c ts grow i n g
.
,

u po n t h e edge o f cl i ff s Th e root i s th e part u sed a nd i ts

.
,

taste i s sai d t o be salty sli gh tl y cool i n g a nd th e dr u g i s , ,

so m ew hat poiso n o u s I ts properties are febri fuge a n d para

.

si ti c id e I t i s reco mm e n ded i n parasi tic sk i n d iseases

. .

PE GL E S E P I A R I A I n th e C us to m s Lists .
(-C h i h ) ,

1 33 1 37
,
is so id e n t i fi ed
,
B u t th e prepo n dera n c e o f a u t h or i ty
.

see m s to be i n favor of co n sider i n g t h is as Ci tr u s f u s ca or

C i tr u s tr if ol i u m ( See C i t r us )
. .

ZE S C U L U S C H I N E N S I S — 3€ E
m} Q ( T i e n sh i h l i )
.
‘ - -
. Th e
fr u i t th i s sa pa n d a c e o u s pl a n t i s b u t l i ttle d i ff ere n t fro m th e
of

co m m o n h orse ch est n u t T h e P é u ts u o says th at i t i s fo u n d o n l y

-
.

i n th e m o un tai ns o f W ester n S zec h u a n b ut i t is sai d also t o ,

c om e fro m th e provi n ce o f H u pe h Th e n a m e is d er i v ed fro m .

SE 75 Em C h a g T i e sh i h a fa m o s Taoist priest w h
‘
l ( n n ) u -
,
o ,

d wel t at Ts i n g c h e n fl ) a c i ty si t uated i n t h is part o f

‘ - ‘
,
”
Szech ua n a n d st u d ie d , ta o I t is probabl e t h a t t h is is t h e
.

sa m e as g}; Q or P} Q ( S o l o tz ii ) as gi v e n i n Tatari - -
,
’
n ov s l ist Th e fr u i t i s also co m pared to th e acor n T h e
. .

h i l u m i s l arge a nd th e i nteg u m e n t o f a d ar k redd ish brow n ,

-

color .Th e bar k of th e tree co n tai ns a crystal l i n e fl uoresce n t ,

pri nc i ple a n d so m e spec ies o f t h is ge n u s are po i so n o us b u t

, ,

t hese n u ts are sweet a n d are m erel y credi ted w i th be i ng

,

u sefu l i n cases o f co n tracted l i m bs fro m pal sy o r rh e u m at i s m .

The fr u i ts sel l i n g a t a val u atio n of t h reepe nce each i n H a n k o w ,

i nd u ces th e Ch i nese t o p ut so m e fai t h i n t h e m for th ey u s ual ly ,

V al ue a re m edy i n pr oporti o n t o i ts cost .

A nother represe n tat i ve o f t h is ge n us i s th e E s cu l u s tu r

bi u a tu ( t Ri C h i ye h s h u )
f I t is so cl ass i fi ed i n th e
‘ -
r f -
.
,

J apa n ese li sts is n ot m e n ti o n ed i n th e P é u ts a o a nd m a y no t

, ,

be f o u n d i n C h i n a .

A GAV E C H I N E N S I S —i
{R é ( T u c h e n h si a n g ) .
‘ - ‘ -
,

1 36 5 .Th is a m ary ll ida c eo u s pl a n t is n o t m e n ti o n ed i n t h e

P é fzi s a o b u t is a ppare n t l y m e t w i t h i n For m osa Th e Ag a ve
‘

.
,

A mer i ca na ( 5 5 13 fi L n s u n g m a ) is said by M r T Sa m ps o n
,
- -
, . .
 20 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M E D I C A .

t o h a v e bee n i n t rod uced i n to C a n to n prov i n ce fro m M a ni l a ;

a t l eas t th e fi bers so m eti m es cal l ed P i ta fla x are s a i d t o be
,
-
,

e m pl oyed i n t h e m a nu fa c t ure o f m osq ui to n e tti n g Th is fi ber .

h as h owever bee n re ferre d by Fre n ch bota n i sts to Cfi a m e r ops

, ,

exce l s a
( i
f? Ts u n g l ii ) t h e coir pal
-
m ,
T h e h e m p h as als o -
.

bee n cal led P o l o m a ( (KQ M) b ut i t is m ore probabl e t h at

- -
,

t h is la tter i s t h e Ch i nese n a m e for Cor cuor u s or Tr i u mf ezta ‘

,

t i l iaceo us pl a n ts w h ic h see ,
T h e A g a r/e M ex i cm za h as bee n
.

c o n fo u n ded by Pro fessor N e u m a n w i t h th e fi § ( F u sa n g ) -

,

w h i ch is evid e n tl y a m al v a c eo u s sh r u b t h e H i bi s cu s r os a ,

s i n en s i s a n d u po n h is i de n t i fi ca tio n h e h as
, gro u n ded a pr e
s u m p ti o n i n fav or of a n earl y d i scovery of A m erica by t h e
C h i n ese . Th e la n d n a m ed a fter t h is pl a n t w h i ch w as see n ,

g row i n g i n profu s io n th ere h as h ee n ide n ti fi ed by

,
K laproth
w i th Saghal ie n ; by Lel a n d w i t h a par t o f t h e A m er i c a n
c o n ti ne n t a n d by o th ers w i th J apa n
,
T h e F u sa n g o f w hi c h .
-
,

t h e a n cie n t Ch i nese books spea k was n ot th e H i bi s cu s r os ar ,

s i n en s i s b u t i t w as t h e n a m e o f a fab u l o u s tree
,
beh i n d w h i c h ,

th e s u n w as s u pposed t o r ise T h e Ag a r/e M ex i ca na h as bee n

.

n at u rali zed i n I n d ia a nd i s large l y c u l ti vated th ere

,
I nd i a n .

e x perie n ce h as co n fi r m ed th e a n t i syph i l i ti c properti es assi g n e d -

by t h e M exi c a n s t o th is pla n t D r H u tch i n so n of I n dia c u t

. .
, ,

t h e l ar ge fles h y lea v e s i n t o th i n s l ices

,
a nd u se d them a s ,

p o u l tices .

AG L A I A O D ORA T A fi ye h l a n) 5K
.
—E ( San - -
,

( M i s ui l a n )
- - Th e flo wers. of th is m eli aceo u s pla n t are u sed t o

sce n t teas Th e d ried b uds are cal led

. 516 ( L a n h wa m i ) - -
,

69 1 . Th e leaves a nd root are wel l w or th trial as to n i cs a s ,

C a n el la a nd othe r excel le n t to n ics are re fer red to th is orde r .

T h e te nder l ea v es ar e ea te n a s a v e getabl e .

A I L AN T H U S G L A N D UL O S A o th erwise .

k n ow as i i s? ( C h o u c h u ) a n d i F5 ( C h o u
‘ - ‘
The ‘

P é m s a a i n c l udes th is a n d Ced r e l a s i u eu s es u n der t h e c o m m o n

‘
‘

h ead i n g o f 1g lg ( C h u n A l th o u g h th ese bel o n g to t w o

‘

d isti n ct orders — th e A i l a u th u s to th e S i ma r u ba ce m a nd th e
Ced r ela to th e R u ta cez —i t i s w e l l k n ow n t h a t t h ere i s a stro n g
 VEGE T A B L E K I N GDOM . 21

r ese m bl a n c e be t w ee n t h e trees a n d sh r u bs of t h e for m er order

a n d th e R u t a ceaz xa u flzoxy l e ca ; so i t i s n o t s u rpris i n g tha t th e

C h i n ese sh o u ld h ave classed t h ese toge th er Severa l spe c i es .

of both ge n era y ield ti m ber o f v ari o u s q u al i t i es b u t t h e ,

red fi ne grai n ed m ah oga n y l i ke w ood o f t h e Ced r e l a i s

,
-
,
-

fa r s u per i or t o t h e coarse w h i te O pe n t i m ber of t h e

, ,

A i l a n t/ zu s m u c h u sed as fu el
,
O th er spe c i es of trees s i m il ar
.
,

i n ge n eral a ppeara n c e t o t h e C h u
‘
a n d h av i n g leav es

i vi o ff od or ar e c lassed i n th e P é u zs a o w i t h t h is ‘
n an
g g , ;
e ff or t bei n g m ad e to d ist i n gu i sh t h e d i ff ere n t k i n ds by t h e
o d or . R easo n for th i s ma y be fo un d i n t h e fac t t h at th e
C h u n ( 1g ) h as fragra n t l eaves th a t c a n be ea te n a nd is th ere
‘
,

f ore so m e ti m es cal led H si a ng c h u n tg 1g ) w h i l e th e C h u -

‘ :
‘
,

—
(ifE) h a s l eaves w i th a n o ff e n s iv e s m el l a n d t h ere fore n o t u sed
.
,

as food . Th e l ea v es o f t h e A i l a u tlzu s are large pi n nate fr o m ,

o n e t o t w o fee t l o n g a n d are v ery si m i lar t o th ose o f t h e

,

C ed r el a bot h of w h i ch trees grow i n profusi o n i n th e n e i g h

,

b o rh o o d of P ek i n g On cl ose exa m i n a tio n h owev er th e leaves

.
, ,

of t h e for m er are easil y d isti n gu ish ed by th e t w o l i ttle gla nds

n ear t h e basis o f each l eaflet t o w h ic h th e spec i es n a m e
,
” A i l
“
g l a u a u l os a
’
re fers Th e a u zlzu s grows very easi ly a n d
.
‘

rapi d ly a n d i ts w ood is u sed o n l y f or fu el

,
I n th e p h rase .

g; a 2 i t beco m es cl assed w i th th
,
e scr u b oak a fi g u re o f ,
”
speech for u seless n ess
“
Th e l eaves are used t o feed si l k
.

w or m s a n d i n t i m es o f scarci ty are eate n as a vege tabl e

, ,

t h o u gh o n acco un t o f t h e ir o ff e n si ve o d or n o t fro m c h o i ce
'

, , .

Th ey are sai d t o be v ery sl i gh tl y poiso n o u s a n d are used as ,

a stri n ge n t a n th el m i n ti c a nd de obs t r u e n t re m ed ies

, ,
T h ey are .

ive n i n d iseases o f th e l u n gs dy s u ri a m e n str u al d iseases t h e

g , , ,

lea n d i sease o f c h i ldre n sper m atorrh oea a n d fl u xes i n

,

e n eral a n d a was h i s m ad e t o pro m ote th e grow t h o f t h e

g ,

h ai r a n d t o w ash parasi ti c u l c ers a nd er u p tio ns I n m os t o f .

t h e ca ses t h e bark bot h o f th e tree a nd of th e ro ot i s u sed

, ,

h av i n g precisely th e sa m e propert i es Th e n a m e C h u p i .
‘ - ‘

or as i t h e C sto m s Lists pai p i ( 4 3 E K 6 ‘

( ); g
a ) n u S h u 2 3 ) 1 1 - 8 -
, , ,

s h o u ld be co n fi n ed t o th e bark of th e A i l a u t/ zu s ; w h il e
C h un p i ( 1g Ba) or H si a ng c h u n p i ( i f 195 fi 2 7 5 4 1 5
‘ - ‘
,
- ‘ - ‘
» t
, , ,

i s m ore correct ly app l ied t o t h at of t h e C ed r el a See Ced r ela .

s i n en s i s .
 2 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

A K E B I A Q U I N A T A — 7k { E F ( Mm A dr ug .

obtai n ed fro m a Pek i n g d r u g sh op bear i n g th i s C h i n ese n a m e , ,

w a s se n t t o K e w a n d th ere exa m i n e d I t prov ed t o be A ke éi a .

gu i u a za
‘
I t
. w as i n th i n sl i ces ev ide n tl y t h e tra n sverse ,

se c tio n s o f a l ig ne o us ste m h al f a n i n c h i n d i a m eter ; th e ,

- -

m arro w sh ow i n g s m al l h oles l ik e a si eve I n th e C u st o m s .

Lists 8 7 8 t h e d r u g i s sai d t o be der i ved fro m vario u s speci es

, ,

of C l e ma t i s th e export fro m N ew c h w a n g i s probabl y

“

C l e m a t i s fi er a cl ecyf o l i a th at fro m H a n k ow is C l em a ti s g r a ta
, ,

w h i l e th a t fro m N i n gpo a n d Ca n to n h as n o t ye t bee n

”
de t e r m i n ed Lo u reiro a nd Faber i de n ti fy i t as Cl e ma ti s
.

s i n en s i s .

I t is a cl i m bi n g pla n t w i t h a j oi n ted w ood y ste m varyi n g , , ,

i n th ick n ess fro m th at o f a fi n ger t o abo u t th ree i n ch es i n

d i a m eter Th e w ood i s yel l o w a n d i s arra n ged i n vasc ul ar
.
,

p la tes leav i ng t u b u lar O pe n i n gs l arge e n o u gh for a i r t o be

,

bl ow n th ro u gh ; h e n ce t h e Ch i n ese n a m es 7k ( M u t u n g ) d
a n ,
- ‘

T n g ts a m T h i s l atter n a m e h ow ever i s a lso so m e

i E
i
‘
(
‘
u -
.
, ,

t i m es appl ied to F a ts i a p apy mf er a T h e twi gs a nd fr u i t are .

u sed i n m edi ci n e Th e fr u i t w h i c h i n th e so ut h o f C h i na is
.
,

cal led 5 35 E E "

( Y e n fu t z ii
) a nd g
, E
{ ( W-
u fu tz ii ) is fro m
- - -
,

t h ree t o fo u r i n ch es l o n g h as a w h i te p u l p w i th black k er n els

, ,

is edi bl e a n d of a n agreeabl e sweet taste T h e w ood is bitter ,

.

t o th e taste a nd is p ro n o u n ced to be a sti mu la t i n g d iaph oretic

, , ,

l axativ e d i u re ti c sto mac h i c a nd v u l n erary dr u g q u i ck e n i ng

, , , ,

al l of th e se n ses a n d fac u l ties T h e fr u i t is sa id to be to ni c , .

sto m ach i c a nd d i ureti c ,

.

A L B I Z Z I A J ULI B R I S SI N —é\ git ( H o h ua n ) 3 7 3 22 e .

f -
, ,

( Y eh -
h o) Th is
. is on e o f t h e leg u m i nos ae of the s u bord er
M zm os c e a nd is also called A ca ci a j u l i bmss i u
,
Lo ureiro .

call s i t M i m os a a r bor ea I t i s se n sitive t h e l eaves fold i ng

.
,

t ogeth er a t n ig h t as th e C h i n ese n a m e i m pl ies

,
I t is probabl e .

t h at i n th is se n se a n oth e r n a m e gi ve n by th e P é u ts a o n a m el y , ,
”
4} 5 ( H o b u n ) u n-
i t i n g d ark
,
“
is m ore n earl y correct th a n ,

t h e fi rst g ive n above I t is c o n sidered to be a n a u spi c i o us tree

.
,

pro m oti n g a gree m e n t a n d a ff ecti o n a nd therefore is gi ve n a ,

pl a c e a m o n g d o m estic sh r u bbery I ts leaves a re also ed ible . .

T h e par t s o f t h e pla nt appeari ng i n t h e C usto m s Lists are th e

 24 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

S pe c i m e n s o f th e H a i tsao obtai n ed fro m Tie n tsi n a nd i d e n ti fi ed -

b y Professors A ga rd h a nd G ob i proved t o b e lo n g t o S a rg a s s u m ,

s i l z u a s tr u m Th e prope r C h i nese na m e o f th is i s ifi Q ( H a i lo )
g . -
.

Th e large sea w ee d w h i c h i s s o c o m m o n l y u sed fo r food i n C h i na

-
,

a n d called b y th e c o m m o n n a m e o f ifi
32 ( H a i co m es
fro m th e c oast o f M a n c h u ria a nd K orea a nd i s L a mi n a r 2a ,
/

s a cc/ za m u a ; th e correc t C h i n ese n a m e bei n g

m
'

E ( K u n p u) o r
‘ -

fpfi? H i ( L un p u ) Several spec i es o f L a m i u a ma R fi oa y m eu ia

'

- ’
.
, ,

A l a m a [ m a mm a nd P o ta m og etou are fo u n d i n th e C h i n ese

‘

’
,

m ed i c i n e sh ops Th ei r ide n t i fi c a tio n is very u n c erta i n Th e

. .

n a m es 75 g s ( H a i tsao ) ifi ( H a i t a i ) 3 54 fig fig ( H a i y ii n )
-
,
-
, ,
-
,

a ppl i ed ra th er i n d i scri m i n ate l y to

a nd
E 1 K 6 are ‘
6 ( u n
p u ) 77
-
, ,

th ese spe c i m e n s is m ade o f G r a cil a m a Zi c/

'

A g a r ag a r .
“
ze -

G r a c i l a ma
’

u oi a e s ,
’
p i u os a , G
ig a r ti n a l e n a x ,
s a nd Sp lzcz r ococcu s ,
w h i c h grow u po n t h e sh ores o f m ost o f
t h e i sl a n ds o f th e
easter n sea N os toc ea u l e i s a n oth er for m o f ed i ble sea w eed
.
’ -
.

I n c oll o q u i al h owe ver t h ese are al l cal led ifi 372 ( H a i

, ,

Th e P é u ts a o reco mm e n ds al l o f t h e m e d i c i na l a l gae i n t he
trea t m e n t of goi tre U n d er th e n a m e o f G i ZZu r lea pu tta a
.
- -
,

d r i ed se a weed ass u m ed t o be col lec ted n ear t h e m o u th o f t h e

-
,

Sagh al ie n ri ver i s h i gh l y pri zed i n u pper I nd i a as a re m ed y

,

f o r bro nc h ocel e K u n pu is reco m m e n d ed i n d ropsies o f a ll

.
‘ -

k i n ds a nd H a i ta i i s pres c r i be d i n m e n str u a l d isorders a nd i s

,
-
,

said t o h a ve th e p ow er o f i n creas i n g th e a c tio n o f th e u ter u s

i n d i ffi c u l t l abors Th e C h i n ese regard a d iet o f sea weed as
.
-

cool i n g b u t rat her d ebi l itati n g i f p u rs u ed for a lo ng ti m e

, A . .

fi ne q u al i ty o f sea we ed w h i c h h as bee n c lea n sed a nd blea c he d

-
, ,

i s i m ported f ro m J a pa n a n d sold u nder th e n a m e o f if: at

Ya ng I t a l led s i n l a s s i n th e tabl e o f i m por ts
( i s c i g .

A m o n g fresh w ater a lgae th e P eu ts a o speaks o f EE5 El: ( L u n g ,

‘

.
“ “

”
shé d rago to g e w h ic h is spec i al ly re c o m
“
n n u
79 0 , ,

m e n ded as a n a ppl i c at i o n i n t h e treat m e n t o f m a mm ary abscess

a n d c a n cer We c a n n ot a gree w i th Fa ber i n class i fy i n g I] E
. .

u i a m o n g th e alg a
( S h i l -
i
j ) e i t is a l ic he n .

A LI S M A P L AN T A G O —i§ ifi ( Ts é h s i e h ) 1 3 54 Th is .
-
,
.

i s th e c o m m o n water pla n tai n w h i c h i n N orth er n C h i n a grows ,

p le n t i fu l l y i n d i t c h es a n d po nd s O ther n a m es g i ve n fo r i t i n .

t h e P é u ts a o are ( S h i h s ieh ) L1 35 ( C h i h sie h ) fig 12

;
“

u -
,
-
,
 V E G E T A B LE K I N G D OM . 25

( K u-h sie h
), ( M a n g y u ) a n d a lfi ( Y u s u n )
-
; th is l as
,
t .
-

n a m e be i n g i n h o n or o f th e G rea t Y u th e re p u te d fo un der o f ,

t h e H sia d y n as ty w h o dra i n ed th e e m pire o f t h e great flood

,

t ha t h a d preva i led u p to th e t i m e o f h i s re ig n I n t he classics .

th e pla n t i s cal led ( Y ii ) a nd ( H sieh ) I n t h e J apa n ese .

l ist i t is c al led 7k g 15 3 ( S h u i tsé h sie h ) T h e s u ppl y o f th e - -

.

d r ug pass i n g th ro u g h t h e C usto m s co m es fro m F u k ie n C h e ,

k ia n g H o n a n a nd S zech ua n
, ,
T h e P é n ts a o reco mme nd s t h a t .

w h ic h grows so u th o f th e J u r i ver wh ic h is a trib utary ,

o f th e H ua i T h e parts u sed are th e leaves w h ic h are

.
,

gathe red i n th e fi fth m oo n ; t h e rh izo m e gat h ered i n t h e ,

eigh th m oo n ; a n d th e ach e n e gathered i n t h e n i n t h m oo n ,

.

Th e r h i zo m e w h i c h is th e par t m ost freq ue n tl y e m ployed is

, ,

gl ob ul ar or o void a n d flesh y Th e d r ug i s ge neral ly m et

, ,
.

w it h i n t h e for m o f t h i n c i rc u lar sec t i o ns fro m o n e i nc h t o

, ,

o n e i n ch a nd a h al f i n d ia m eter o f a pal e yel low color m eal y

- - -
, , ,

sl igh tl y bi tter i n tas te a n d ofte n w or m eate n ,

T h e fres h -
.

r h i zo m e is so m e w h a t acrid To n i c cool i ng d i u re ti c ar t h ri t ic
.
, , , ,

s to m ach i c astri n ge n t gal ac to gog u e a n d d i sc u t ie n t properties

, , ,

a re a ttr ib u ted to t h is pla n t I n fa c t a ny d isease o f th e n at u re.

,

o f a fl u x or d ropsy or d isease o f th e h y drolo gy o f th e sys te m

, ,

i s s u pposed to be be n e fi ted by t h i s w a ter pla n t I f t ak e n .

“

f o r a lo n g ti m e t h e ey e a n d ear beco m e ac u te h u n ger i s n ot

, ,

f el t li fe is prol o n ged
,
th e bod y be c o mes li gh t t h e v isage
, ,
”
radi a n t a nd o ne c a n wal k u po n w ater
,
I t is al so said t o .

re n der labor easy t o s ti m ulate th e fe mal e ge n era ti ve apparat us

, ,

a nd to pro m ote co n cept i o n T h e lea ves i n add i t io n to th ei r .

,

o th er properties are rep u ted t o be serviceabl e i n l eprosy

,
Th e .

ac tio n of th e a ch e n e i s sai d t o be si m i lar to th a t o f th e root ,

e ve n to th e prod u cti o n o f v is ua l rad ia n ce b ut i t s u s e is sai d ,

t o prod u ce steri l i ty .

A LLI U M A SC A L ON IC U M —fig ( H sie h ) T h is i s t h e . .

ord i n ary garde n s /za Zl ot th e sl i gh t var i a ti o n fro m th e E uropea n

var ie t y be i n g prod u ced by th e d i ffere n t m et h od o f c u lt u re
e m pl oyed by th e C h i n ese I t i s i n di ge n o u s to Ch i n a ; t h e w i l d
.

var ie ty bei n g read i l y fo un d i n t h e L ii m o u n tai n s o f K i a n gsi .

Th e seed s are u s u al l y p l a n ted i n th e a u t u m n a nd t h e s m all

b u l bs sep ara t ed a n d tra nspl a n ted i n t h e spri ng .
26 C H I NE SE M A T ER I A M E DI C A .

a v e ge t able t h o ugh s o h i g h l y pr ized as t h e na t i ve leek

, not

( A ll zu m od or zzm)
'

Th e s mal l b u l bs ca ll ed i ll 9 ( H s i e h pai )
.
,
-
,

4 4 9 are pick l ed as i n E u rope a n d th ey are a ls o preserved for

, , ,

m ed i c i n a l u s e i n al coh ol To n i c n u tri e n t astri n ge n t a nd .

, , ,

a l tera t iv e properti es are a ttrib u ted t o t h e pl a n t a nd th e br u i sed ,

b u lb is appl ied as a disc u ti e n t or v ul ner y re m ed y C o m b i ned .

w i t h h o n ey i t i s sai d t o be a use f u l a ppl icati o n i n b u r ns

, .

A LLI U M FI ST U L O S U M — E§ T h is is t h e .
,
'

C h i nese o n i o n or czbou l e nat i v e to S i beria a nd M o n gol ia

, ,
It .

is lar gel y c u l ti v ated i n severa l p arts o f C h i na I t d i ffers fro m .

th e c o mm o n o n i o n ( A ll zu m cep a ) i n n ever for mi ng a glob u l a r

'

bul b . T h e c o mm o n o n io n i s largel y c u l t i va ted i n S o u th er n

C h i na a nd Coc h i n C h i na b ut i t probabl y is o f forei gn origi n ,
.

I t is cal led £13 £ 1: ( H u ts u n g ) a n d [E] [in] fig ( H u i h u i ts u ng ) - ‘ - - ‘

t h is l at ter ter m Mo h a me d a n o n i o n
,
“
i n d i c ati n g i ts der iva ,

t i o n f ro m t h e Wes t Th e C h i n ese o n i o n belo n gi n g t o t h e

.
,

c lass o f n i tro e n o u s foods cal led

g ( H u n ) i s m u ch u sed as an ,

a rticle of d ie t It toge t h er w i t h oth er vege tables o f i ts class

.
, ,
”
c o n st i t u tes a large proporti o n o f th e poor m a n s ’
m eat ;
“

bei n g eate n w i th rice m i ll et or bread toge th er w i th s uc c u le n t

, , ,

a n d gre e n v e etabl es Several v ari e t i es are c u l t i vated a n d th e

g .
,

ar ti cle i s as m u c h used as i ts prototy pes are i n S pa i n a nd .

P ort u gal A l ar ge c oarse v ari ety i s called 7k £ 5: ( M u

.
,

or ”
tree o n i o n ( A l l zu m cefi afi r ol zfi m m ? )
- Th e w i ld o n i o n
'

m m
’

3
’

Sh a
'

: £ 1: K o ts u n g
( ) -
o r
Il l £ (
7‘
n ( A ll zu t t or ra
,
h s

a n d th e forei g n o n i o n are spe c ial ly m e n t i o n ed i n th e P é n t xa o .

I t says t h a t t h e l atter are i n d ige n o us t o th e m o u n tai ns o f

S zec h u a n b ut we h ave n o t bee n abl e t o v er ify th i s
,
O ni on .

tea i s gi v e n to pers o n s s uff eri n g fro m catarrh fever h eadach e , , ,

ch ol era diarrh oea d yse n tery u ri nary a ff e c ti o ns a n d rh e um a ti c

, , , ,
’
d isorders It is also u sed as a seda t iv e i n c h i ldre n s d iseases
.
.

T h e perso n s i n ch arge o f l i fe boats o n th e Ya n gtse depe n d i n ,

cases of d r ow n i n g u po n stro n g o n i o n tea t o ex c i te v o m i t i n g a nd

,

r eactio n .O n i o n s are a ppl i e d to t h e n oses o f perso n s w h o h a v e

atte m pted t o ha n g t h e m sel ves B u boes abscesses a nd frac .
, ,

t ures a re po ul t i c ed w i th th e br u ised b u l b or a n n o i n te d w i t h ,

th e j u i ce E v er y part o f t h e p la n t is s u pposed to h a v e so m e
.

s peci a l t h erap e ut i c proper ty .

 VEGE T AB L E K I NGDO M .
27

A LLI U M ODORU M .
—§E ( C h i n) , 2 03 . O t h er n a m es f or
g A ll zu m m, A ll zzmz
’ ' ’

th is see m to be u lz
t u ber os u m a nd zn os u
,

A l l zu m s en es cen s I t is i ndi ge n o us to Si beria M o n gol ia a nd

'

.
, ,

t h e w h ol e o f C h i n a ; i s a co m m o n pl a n t i n th e m o un ta i n s of t h e
n ort h a n d i s c u l ti va ted ev ery w h ere i n g ard e n s
,
T h e C h i n ese .

e a t t h e w h ol e pl a n t i t b ei n g spec ia l l y re l ishe d w h e n i t is i n
,

fl ower i n m id s u m m e r -
I t so m ew h at rese m bles t h e l eak b u t i s
.
,

m uc h s m al ler Th e l ea ves are l i g u l ate a nd the b u l b flat a nd

.
,

c o n ti n u o u s w i t h th e ste m Th e B ook of R ztes ca lls t h i s pl a nt

’

g 71 2 ,
fe n g p é n ( th e r i ch root ) w h e n i t i s u sed fo r t h e sacr i fi ce s ,

i n th e a n cestral te m ple a nd i t is also used i n ot h e r sacr i fi ces

, .

I t i s raised fro m t h e seed o r fro m t h e tra nspla n ted b ul bs ;

pat c h es o f th e fresh ve ge tabl e bei ng ke pt read y for us e d u ri ng
th e e n t i re y ear i n Ce nt ral C h i n a I t i s s u pposed t o n o u ris h .

a n d p u r i fy t h e bl ood t o act as a cord i al a nd t o i n every wa y

, ,

be n e fi t th o e w h o are a i l i n g
s
I t c a n be par tak e n of freel y a nd .

fo r a l o n g t i m e S pe c ia l d i ffi c u l ties fo r w h i c h i t is re garde d
.

to be e ffi c aci o u s are poiso n o us bi tes o f d ogs serpe n ts o r i nsect s , , ,

h e m orr h a ges o f ever y sort a n d s pe r ma torrh oea For t h i s

, .

l atter th e seeds are c o n s i d ered to be espec i a l l y u se ful .

T h e w i ld l eek [I] 35 ( Sh a n ch i u ) also call ed fi g 35

,
-
,

( C h u k o c h i u ) is co nsi dered by Fa b e r to be a d is t i n c t S pecies

- -
, ,

A l l zu m j a/ fion zcu m I t i s speci all y m e n ti o ned i n t h e P é n ts a o

' '

.
,

a n d is t h o u gh t to h av e spe c i a l acti o n i n pro m o t i n e xcr ti o n

g e

a nd i n t h e fia t u l e nt d yspe psi a o f e lderl y pe r s o ns .

A LLI U M S A TI V U M ( S ua n ) G a r l i c h as be e n k n ow n. .

t o th e C h i n ese fr o m a very early peri od i t bei n g me n tio n ed i n

t h e Cale n dar o f t h e H s i a a book o f t wo th o usa n d y e a rs be for e
,

C h rist I t is no w c al led ) I ~H sia o~s u a n t o d isti n g u is h i t

.
) \

fro m A ll zzmz s cor oa op m s u m w h i c h is cal led j g

'

’
( Ta s u a n ) ,
-
.

T h e E r/ z ya rel ates th a t w h e n th e E m peror H u a n g t i wa s

- -

a sce n d i n g a c er tai n m o u n tai n s o m e o f h i s fol l o wers were ,

poiso n ed by eati n g th e 35 u
y y ii ( probabl y a n aroid pla n t ); -

b u t by e ati n g th e garl ic w h i c h was al so fo un d th ere th e i r l i ve s

, ,

w ere sa v ed Fro m th a t ti m e i t was i n trod uc e d i n to c u l ti vatio n

.
.

Th e P én ma o gi ves th i rty tw o varie ti es of vegetabl e u nder -

t h e cl assi fi cat io n of E fl ( h u n I n ad d i ti o n to a lli a c eo u s

pla n ts t h ere are m us tard gi nger a nd t he l ik e al l see m i n g to
, , ,
28 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

be c h aracterized by th e prese n ce of a v olat i l e oi l car mi nati v e ,

a n d sto m ach i c i n i ts a c ti o n C o n seq ue n tl y so m e o f the m are

.

u sed as co n d i m e n ts a n d al l are
,
u sed t o g i ve flav or to t h e

a m y laceo u s basis o f th e ord i n a ry C h i n ese d iet Th e c h aracter .

é ,
h ow e v er ,
i s a ppl ied as w el l t o a l l k i nds o f n i troge n o u s food

t h e 5 E be i n g th e fi v e k i n ds o f food forbidde n to th e B udd h is t

.

priesth ood a nd t o fast i ng perso ns ge n eral l y Th ese are th e .

fl es h o f th e h orse d og b u ll oc k goose a nd pi geo n T h e

, , , ,
.

g eo m a n cers e n u m erate as th e i garl ic roca m bol e leek

,
r u e , , , ,

a nd coria n der ; th e Ta oists lee k sh al l ot garl ic r ue a nd

, , , , ,

coria n der ; a nd t h e B u dd h i sts r oca m bole garl ic assafoetida , , , ,

o ni o n a nd scal l io n A m o n g th e co m m o n peopl e h owe v er E

,
.
, , ,

w h i l e i n cl ud i n g th ese art i c l es m ore properl y refers to a n i m al

,

fl esh ; t h e l ea n p arts be i ng ter med j ; 3? a nd th e fat ty parts

C h i n ese pa t i e n t s us ua l l y req u es t d i recti o n s as to t h e
id] g .

eati n g o f t h es e vari o u s ki nds o f food .

T h e m ed i ci n a l v i rt ues o f garl ic are c o nsidered to be ma n y .

I t i s th o u g ht t o h a v e a spe c ia l i n fl u e nc e u p o n th e spl ee n ,

sto mach a n d k id neys act i ng as a sedati ve a nd re m ov i n g

, ,

poiso ns I t i s s u pposed t o correc t th e u n w h ol eso m e ness o f

.

Water to des t roy th e n oxio us e ff ec t o f p u tri d m ea t a nd fi sh ,

,

a n d t o pre v e n t goi t re a nd pes t i le n t i al diseases .

A LLI UM S C OR D OP RA S UM ( Ta s ua n ) 131; fi .
—j ( "
‘’

TT
-
,

( H u s u
- a n ) t
i)? ( H u
, ) T h e r oca m
. bo l e ac c ordi n g t o th e P o wu ,
-

6 125 a nd t h e P é n tsa o was i n trod u ced i n to C h i n a fro m th e Wes t

,

by C h a n g c h ie n a fa m o us ge n eral o f th e H a n d y nasty
-
‘
,
Th e .

A rabic n a m e ( S ozn ) rese m bl es t h e C h i n ese w ord m a n b u t as

'

bo th n a m es date bac k to t h e earl ies t peri od o f w ri tt e n h istory ,

i t is d i ffi c u l t t o say w h eth er o ne wa s d eri ved fro m t h e oth er o r ,

bot h ca m e fro m a co m m o n so u rce no w u n k no w n Th is pla n t .

is co nsidered t o be sl i gh tl y dele teri o us a n d i f eate n for a l o n g ,

t i me t h e eyesi g h t is th o u gh t t o be a ff ected I t is reco mm e n ded

’

as a d i gesti ve a nd for expel l i ng poiso n o us e fflu v ia In .

c o mbi n atio n wi t h o t h er d r ugs it is used i n th e treat me n t of ,

h e m orrh a ges a n d fl u x es .

A LLI A R I A WA S A H I —E i ( H a n One o f th e
.

Cr uczfer w cl osely al l ied t o S zsy mbr zu m (H ed g e mu st a r d )

’

It
'

, .
 VEGE T AB L E K I N GDO M . 29

h as w h i t e fl owers a nd a c h aracteri st i c fol ia ge a nd th e pl a n t ,

h as a n al l i a c eo us od or fro m w h i c h fact i t der i ves its na m e

,
.

I t i s reco m m e n ded as a n a ppeti zer a n d digestiv e giv i n g a ,

l easa n t se n sati o n o f w ar m t h to th e sto m ac h a n d ac ti n g as a

p
c a r m i n ativ e i n fla tu l e nt d y spepsia .

A L O C A S I A M A C H R ORI Z A i§ ( H a i yu ) T h is .
- -
.

a roi d pla n t i s so n a m ed i n th e J apa n ese l i s t s Th e P ém s a o ‘

m
.

” ”
c al ls i t also EE
,
l K ua n
y i n l i e n ) wh i c h -i n t h e J ap-
a n ese ,

i de n t i fi ca ti o n s i s L y s zefi zzzm z ca m i s clza l en s e A lso a s m al l

’

‘
.
,

v ari ety n a m ed E} 3 3 ( Y eh yii ) i s by t h e m classi fi ed as

,
-
,

R i c/me d i a af r zm n a Th e P éf zzs a o see m s t o regard t hese as

'
‘
.

i d e n ti cal. T h e or i gi nal h abita t of t h e pl a n t u nder co nsidera

t i o n i s sai d t o h a v e bee n S z ec h ue n b u t i t n ow i s fo un d i n ,

v ari o u s parts o f t h e e m p ire I t gro ws u p i n spri n g w i th a stal k

.

f o u r or fi v e fee t h i gh a n d w i t h l e av e s l i k e th e taro I n th e .

earl y a u t um n i t bl oo m s w i t h a sess i l e fl ow er li k e t h e l ot u s petal ,

a n d w i t h a pist i l w h i c h rese m bl es t h e i m age o f

j ade c ol ore d ,

K u a ny i n . H e n ce th e co mm o n n a m e for th e flow er i s
”
K u a n y i n l ot u s .T h e pla n t i s sai d t o be exceed i n gl y
poiso n o u s a n d i s h i gh l y reco mm e n de d i n t h e treat m e n t o f
,

m i as m a ti c poiso n i ng .

A L OE V UL G AR I S fi Q ( L u h.u i l
7 6 5 B re tsc h n e id er
- -
,
.

says th at th i s C h i n ese na m e i s s o appl i ed i n Ca n to n a nd th a t ,

th e pla n t t h at Lo u rei r o d escri bes as A l ee p e7f 0/ 7 a za is t h e s a m e

' '

‘
.

Th e n a m e i s probably a tra nsl i terati o n o f so m e forei g n na m e ,

a s ot h er n a m es si m i lar i n so u n d a r e also gi ve n s u c h as 5 131 g ,

( Nii h u i ) a n d B
-
ig E ( N o h ui ) Th e dr u g i s also c al led 21 H
-
.
F};
”
( H sia n g t a n)
’
-
el e p h a n t s gal l i n re fere nc e t o i ts bi tter fla v or
, , .

T h e P é fl l S d O d escr i bes i t as th e ex udat i o n fro m a tree w h i c h

r ows i n Persi a a n d says th at a t t h at ti m e i t e n tered C h i n a o n l y
g ,

a t t h e por t of C a n t o n I t a d m i ts h owev er t h at i t i s u n certai n

.
, ,

w h eth er t h e s u bsta n ce w h i c h i t d es c ri bes as a resi n o r extrac t

,

u ct of a tree o r o f a s m all er pl a n t
(g ) ,
is t h e prod Th e sub .

s ta n ce sold u n der th i s n a m e is m et w i th i n irreg u lar pieces ,

a bo u t o ne i n ch i n th i ck n ess o f a coal black c ol or ,

sl i gh tl y -
,

poro us a n d m ark ed w i t h bril l ia n t crystals o n th e brok e n

s u rface . O ne s u r face i s u s u al l y marked w i t h th e i m pressi o n
30 C H I N E S E M A T E RI A M E D I C A .

of a gra m i neo us
l ea f Th e taste i s b itteris h a n d c ool i ng a nd
.
,

i t is n o t regarded as bei n g poiso n o u s A l t h el m i n t i c sto m ach

.
,

i c a n d l axati ve propert i es are re ferred t o t h is d r u g w h i c h

, ,

w o u l d see m to h av e bee n for m erl y m u c h u sed i n th e w or m

fe ver a n d co n v u lsi o n s o f ch ild re n I t i s n ow used m ai nly as
.

a wash for ecze mat o us sk i n a ffe c ti o ns , bei n g co m bi n ed w i t h

l i cori c e fo r th at p u rp ose Si n ce i n th e treat me n t of w or m
.

affectio n s i t is al way s c o m bi n ed w i th th e fr u i t of Q u zs gu a l zs
’

i t i s v ery i m probabl e th a t i n i tse l f t h ere are a ny a nt h el

’ '

zn d zca ,

m i n t i c proper ties .

A L PI N I A G L O B OS U M —g ( To u . 1 31 4
_ _
E: jg: ,

( Ts ao to u
‘ - Th is i s th e A m omu m glooos a m o f L o u <

r e i ro a nd d es c ri bed by H a n b u ry as th e l a rg e r o u n d C h i n es e
,

c a r d a m om T h e c arda m o m s are wel l k n ow n i n co m m erce ,

.

b u t th e pla n t fro m w h i ch th ey a re de rived d oes n ot see m a s ,

y e t t o h av e bee n care fu l l y i d e n ti fi ed by bota n i s ts H a n b u ry .

says th a t i t i s a n at i v e o f t h e so u t h o f C h i n a a n d of C o c h i n
C h i na T h e P én ts a o re fers i ts ori g i n t o H ai n a n w h i c h n a m e
.
,

i n t h is w ork ofte n refers to a n y c o u n try i n th e seas so u th o f

C h i na A t prese n t i t is said t o be fo u n d i n al l pa r ts o f K ua n g
.

t un g a n d K ua ngs i as w el l a s i n parts o f Y u n na n a nd F uk ie n
, .

Th e pl a n t is sai d t o rese m ble th e Ady r zs tzca i n ap peara n ce a nd

' '

bears a red c h a n gi n g t o y el l o w fl ow er i n t h e ax i ls of t h e
, ,

leaves w h i c h h as so m e l i k e ness to th e H i bi s cu s Th e l eaves

,
.

rese m ble t h ose o f th e w i ld gi n ger ( “J E S h a n ch ia ng ) a nd ,

-
,

are so m et i m es gath ered i n t h e i mm at u re state i n a si m i la r

m a n n er t o tea b uds T h e l arge gl ob u l ar caps ul es fu r ni sh th e
.

large ro u n d c arda m o m o f c o m m erce a nd also th e s m a l l r ou n d ,

C/ zi n e s e ca r d a m o m descri bed b y G u i b ourt Th is l atter i s .

si m pl y th e u n ri pe c aps u le a nd t h ere fore d ev oi d o f m u c h flav or

, ,

b u t u sed as a sa l ted c o n d i m e n t by th e C h i n ese G u i b o u rt .

d escribes i t as fol lo ws Caps u les n early s ph er i cal fro m

“
,

seve n to ei gh t l i n es i n d ia m e ter sl i gh tl y s tr i ated l o ngi t ud i n al ly

,

a n d m u ch w ri n k led i n a l l d ire c t i o n s b y dry i n g ; i t i s probabl e ,

h owever t ha t th e fr u i t was s m ooth w h e n rece n t

,
Th e caps u l e .

i s th i n l i gh t easi l y tor n y e ll ow ish ex ter n al l y w h i te w i t h i n

, , , ,
.

T h e seeds for m a glob u lar coh ere n t m ass T hey are ra th er .

l ar ge a nd fe w i n n u mber s o m ew h a t wed ge sh aped o f a n

,
-
,
 32 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

Ch i n ese n a m e i s d er ived fro m { 5 —

3 E w h i c h wa s for merl y ,

th e n a m e o f E; M {F} K a o c h o u fu i n K u a n gt u n g prov i n c e - -
.

Th e p l a n t i s so m e t i m es c al l ed Q g ( M a n c h i a n g ) o r th e -
,
”
gi n ger o f th e M a n t z ti abor i g i n e s o f th e so u th w ester n pa r t
-
,

of C h i n a . Th e P én ts a o say s th at t h e pl a n t i s n o w fo u n d i n
ev ery par t o f S o u th er n C h i n a a nd e xte n di n g i n to Sze c h u a n , .

G ala n ga l root i s abo u t tw o i n ch es l o n g l ess th a n h al f a n i nc h ,

i n d ia m e ter e xter n al l y o f a r u st brow n c ol or l o n g i t ud i nal l y

, ,

str i ated a n d tra n sversel y m ark ed w i th th e re m n a n ts o f th e lea f

sh e aths . I n ter n al l y i t i s grey i sh —brow n a n d break s w i th a ,

fi bro us fract u re I t h as a n a greeabl e aro m at i c o d or a nd a w ar m

.

aro m at i c taste rese m bl i n g th a t o f m i n gl e d g i n ger a nd pepper

, .

S t o m a c h i c c ar m i n at i ve s i al a go gu e to n i c a nd a n ti period i c
, , , ,

propert i es are t h e m os t i m p orta n t o f th e e ffec ts as c rib e d to th i s

dr ug w h i c h h as fro m a n c i e n t ti m es as at th e prese nt ti m e
, , ,

bee n h eld i n m u c h estee m by C h i n ese ph ysi c i a ns .

T h e s eeds o f th i s pla n t E} E g ( K a o l i a n g ch i a n g
,
- -

{ g}: 3 fig ( H u n g t ou -
53 7 1 09 1 are th e G al
n a Ca r d a
, ,
“

”
m om d es c r ibed by H a n b u ry Th e c aps u le i s abo u t h al f a n
.

i n c h i n le n gth obl o n g o r pear sh aped i n for m a nd pro m i n e n tl y

,
-
,

cr ow ne d w i th th e r e m a i n s o f th e c al y x So m e are sh ri vele d .

on t h e o u ts i d e a n d so m e are s m ooth appare n tl y d epe nd i n g ,

U po n th e i r m at u r i ty a t t h e t i m e o f gath eri n g Th e peri c a rp .

al so vari es as t o th i c k ness a nd c ol or i n proport i o n t o th e ,

m a t u r i ty o f th e fr u i t ; i n th e l ess m at u re be i n g pal e a nd th i c k
‘

a n d i n th e m ore m at u re o f a redd ish brow n a n d th i n Th e seed s -

.

ar e i n a th re e l obe d m ass ; eac h lobe c o n ta i n i n g t wo seeds placed ,

o n e above t h e oth er Th e seed s are ash c ol ored fla t t i s h a n d

.
-
, ,

so m e w h at th ree c or n e r e d a nd h av e a l arge h i l u m Th e y
-
,
.

h a ve a p u n ge n t aro m at ic tas te a nd a n od or rese m bl i n g th a t

, ,

o f t h e root .

Th e seeds h av e m u ch t h e sa m e properti es a s t h e root ,

bei n g g i ve n i n py ros i s ch ol era d iarr h oea tooth a c h e a g ue a nd

, , , , ,

d iseases ar i si n g fro m d a m p a n d c h i lls Th ey see m to h a ve th e .

v i rt u es o f c ar d a m o m s a n d gi n ger c om bi n ed a nd m a y b e ,

s uggested fo r m ore ge neral ns e a s a sto m a c h i c a nd ge n eral to n i c . .

I n th e C u s to m s Li st t h ere see m s to be c o n s i derabl e

u n ce r ta i n ty as t o ter m s a n d c l ass i fi c a t i o n In 7 1 3 E g .
,

n g ch i a n g ) is used f or A lp zi zza ofi czn o r u m

’

L ia I t is probabl e
' '

( - .
 VEG E T AB L E K I N GDO M .
33

t h a t t h is ter m i s s o m eti m es so e m pl oyed b ut i t is also e m ploye d ,

f o r th e L i li aceo u s P olyg o n a tzzm I n 1 09 1 ot h er ,

c h ara c ters approx i m a ti n g i n so u n d are used for th i s

c h aracter I t is probabl e t h a t t hese are w ro ngl y wri tte n
. In .

se v eral ot h er pl aces t h ere are v aria ti o n s u n i mporta n t i n ,

th e mse l ves b ut w h i c h e v ide n tl y n eed correc t io n

,
.

A L T H ZE A RO S E A — § i a: ( S h u
. T h is n a me
”
m ea ns “
m al low fro m Szec h u a n A n oth er n a m e for m erly
.
,

u sed ,
is fl fig ( J u ng wh ic h m e a n s m al l ow o f th e “

”
w i ld tri bes o f t h e wes t Th ese t wo n a mes are probabl y
.

i d e n tica l w i t h e ach ot h er Th e ter m u sed i n t h e classi cs is g

.

m m h o ll / l ock h h m
( C h i e n ‘ I t i s t h e co o n
y w ic a y h ave ,

be e n origi n al l y i n trod u c ed i n to C h i n a fro m so m e Wester n

c o u n try . I t i s c u l t iva ted ple n t i fu l l y i n C h i n ese gard e n s ; i ts
flo wers so m ew h a t rese m bl i n g H i bi s cu s sy r za cu s ( 7k g M u
'

c h in Th e parts o f th e pla n ts u sed are th e sh oots root stal k , -

,

a n d seeds Th e proper ties ascribed to t h e sh oots are sto m ac h i c

.
,

re g u l a ti ve a nd c o nstr u c ti v e
,
T h e y are used i n fe vers
.
,

d yse n tery a nd to re nde r labor easy

,
T h e root stal k i s c o n .
-

s i d e re d to be di ure ti c a n d w h e n br u i sed
,
is app li ed to al l sor t s ,

o f u lcers .Th e seeds are p u t to s i m i l a r uses .

U nd er th is h ead th e P én ts a o m e n ti o n s a n oth e r pla nt ,

w h ic h i t ca l l s 55 1 3 ?
L
T
E ( W u a n d w h i ch w h i le i t ,

is ide n t i fi ed as th e sa m e as t h e s /m i s made o u t to h a v e
m ed i cal properti es s u ffi c i e n tl y d i sti n ct fro m th ose o f t h e l a tte r
to re nder i t proba ble th at t h is is at l eas t a d i ffere n t v ariety .

”
Its tas te is sa i d to be sal tish a n d c ol d ( fi ) w h ile t h a t o f t h e ,

s/
'

zu é zwz is sw e et a nd cool i n g I ts acti o n i s t o ni c to

- ‘ “

t he h eart a nd a n ti peri o d i c It is used i n th e er upti v e a nd

.

i n ter m i tte n t fevers o f c h i ld re n i n dys m e n orr h oea d i fli c ul t l abor

, , ,

a nd t h e b i t es o f po i so no us i nsec t s .

A M ARAN TU S ( H sie n )
. T h is ter m see m s to be a . .

g e n era l n a m e fo r A m a r a n t us W i th q u al i fi e rs i t is also by
.
,

s o m e a ppl ied to C/ ze n o oa zu m
'

p a nd E
’
x
z/ ol u s A t P ek i n g .

A ma r a n tu s blztu m i s so ca l led a n d Faber calls th is

'

, $2
( H sie n Th e P é n t s a o says t h a t th ere are si x vari et i es o f

th is pla nt i f E a E A E s: E Ii a E: a nd s E
. , , , , .
 34 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

T h ese t er ms t ogeth er w i t h 533 E a nd 5 a

, are appl ied t o
d i ffere n t p la n t s i n d i ff ere n t p ar ts o f C h i n a as w el l as i n J apa n ,

s o i t i s al m os t i m poss i bl e t o fi x i de n ti fi ca ti o n s i n a n y of th ese
cases Faber gi ves itll fi: ( C h i h h si e n ) for A ma r a n tu s
.
'
-

H a n P a o sh e n g says t h a t
'

p
s zn os zzs w h ic h is probabl y correct
, .
-

th e f r u i ts o f o n l y th e E; a n d th e A 121 are u sed i n m ed ici n e

3; .

T h e y are sai d t o h av e grea t cool i n g proper ti es T h e y are a lso .

co n sid ered t o h a v e t h e propert y o f bri gh te ni ng t h e i n tel lect ,

assist i n g i n t h e excretory processes a nd be ne fi ti ng t h e v ir il e ,

powers T h e u s e o f th e pla n t i t sel f is co nsidered be n e fi ci a l i n

.

fl xes w h i l e t h e roo t i s se d i col d i n d i gest io n ”

u ,
u n a nd i n

T h e 5; g; is said to be a s m al l v arie ty also called

"

t oot h ach e .
l ,

53] fl a nd £ 3 E a n d i s good for feedi n g pi gs , S o me va rieties .

o f t h is pla n t are m u c h c u l ti v a t ed a nd eate n as pot h erbs -

.

A M B E R—32 IE ] ( Hu 4 88 i n $5 ( C h ia n g ch u ) ,
-
.

A ccord i n g to a n o l d say i ng w h e n a t iger d i es i ts sp iri t e n ters , ,

t h e earth a nd beco m es tra n sfor m ed i n to sto n e o f th e for m o f

5
t h i s s ubsta n c e T h ere fore i t i s called L E g ( Hu
’
.
g ti ger s ;

s o ul T h e las t c h aracter wa s a fter ward s ch a nge d to If] ( P o ) ‘

t o d ist i n g u is h th is s u bsta n ce as a ge m I t is s u pposed t o be t h e .

resi n of a n ex t i n c t speci es o f P i n u s for t h i s reaso n gi ve n t h e ,

n a m e of P zm tes s u cczmfi r
' '

A S i t i s cl osel y al lied t o ord i n ary

'

’
.

resi n s s uc h a n ori gi n i s v ery probabl e

,
I t is w or th y of n ot e .

t h at eq u al l y wi t h P l i n y a nd m a n y m oder n observers u p o n th e
,

s u bj ec t th e C h i n ese say i t t o be th e resi n o f a p i n e w h ic h h as

,

”
“
la i d i n th e eart h for a t h o usa n d y ears A n i n feri or .

q u al it y i s f o u n d i n Y u nn a n especi al l y n ear Y u ngch a n gfu ,

.

B u r m ah Ca mbod ia K orea a n d J apa n are sai d t o y i el d

, , ,

s u ppl i es o f t h e s ubsta n ce B u t t h e m arke t for m erl y s u ppl ied

.
,

by th e overla n d trad e ro u tes fro m A sia M i n or is no w s uppl ied ,

fro m th e so u th c o m i ng by t h e wa y o f t h e I n dia n A rc h i pelago

, ,

a nd ,
a c cord i n g t o D r W i l l ia m s fro m A frica .Th e Sa nscr i t ,
.

n a m e i s g ive n i n t h e P én ts a o as FE ] fi [i 1 5 } (
5 25 A s h i h m o g - -

c h ie h P i eces co n t a i n i n g i nsects a n d oth er bodies are h el d

t o be S pec ial l y v al u able Th e best pieces are m ade i n to beads
.

a n d or n a m e n ts w h i c h are w or n by perso n s o f ra n k
,
M u ch -o f .

wh a t i s o ff ered for sale is fi ct i tio u s bei ng m ad e fro m col oph o n y ,

a nd copa l I ts rep ut ed m ed ica l proper t i es are v ery muc h

.
 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDO M .
35

m ixed w i th cer t a i n t ra n sce n de n tal po w ers w h ic h i t is s up

up

posed to possess B u t i n add i ti o n t o t h e m a n y fa n ci fu l o n es

.
,

i t i s cred ited w i t h bei n g u se fu l i n t h e treat m e n t of catarrh o f

t h e bowels or th e bladder t h e co nv u lsi v e d isorde rs of c h i l dre n, ,

a nd as a to n i c a n d al terati v e .

A n ot h e r for m o f a m ber dark er i n c ol or a nd more l ik e ,

ss ( H s i m
j ade ,
is cal l ed i ) I t i s sai d t o h a v e bee n bro u
.
g h t f ro
T ur fa n w h ere i t wa s f o u n d a m o ng t h e black rocks
,
I t is .

co nsidered t o be a n older for m o f t h e a m be r h avi n g lai d i n t h e ,

gro u n d fo r t wo th o usa n d y ears i ns t ead o f o ne t h o u sa n d Lik e , .

t h e E u p o t h e P ém sa o s u ggests th at i t m a y h a v e ori gi n ated

-
‘
,
‘

f ro m t h e {k F u l i ng ( P a t / 1 m m cow s )
3
-
fo u n d grow i ng l i ke a ,

f un gus f ro m th e roots o f fi r trees or f ro m 5 5 C h u li n g a ,

-
,

t uber i for m fu n gus fo und grow i ng o n l iq uida m ber roo t s abo v e

gro u nd I ts m ed ici nal v ir t u es are re garded as correspo nd i ngl y
.

h igh er t h a n th ose o f a m ber .

Two special for mu l ae are gi v e n i n th e P é fl ts a o i n w h i c h

a m ber is co ns i d ered to be t h e c h ie f i n gred i e n t O ne cal le d .
,

33? IE ] a ( H u p o s a n) i s co m posed of a m ber t h e S h el l o f

- ‘ -
, ,

Tr zorzy x s zn erzs zs t h e roots of Cy per u s r ol zm a zzs t h e t u bers o f

' '

’
'

, ,

Cory d a l zs a nzé zgu a rh ubarb a nd m y rr h

’

,
I ts use is co nsi dere d ,
.

t o be be ne fi cia l i n al l o f th e v i ta l f u n c tio ns a nd t o p r o m o t e
n u t ri t i o n I t is S pec ial l y p rescr i bed i n c irc ul at ory d isorders
.

a fter l abor O th er for m ul ae are fo r u ri n ary d isorders , i nj u ri es ,

.

a n d certai n n er v o u s d iseases o f u t eri ne fe ta l l i fe .

A M O M U M A MA R U M —
f§§ g .
1 :
( I -
c h i h -
tz ii ) , 54 3 This .

i s t h e di f f e r s eed ed ca r d a m om th e
-
,
orig i n of w h ic h h as n ot y e t
bee n fu ll y st ud ied T h e c lass i fi ca ti o n is t h ere fore s t i l l d o ubt fu l
. .

I t h as bee n re ferred to Z zng zber n igh u m w h i c h i s i de n tical

' ’

/
,

w i t h A lp zm a a l l zcg /
’ '

za s b ut i s c o n sidered b y P ereira a nd H a n
,

b u ry t o be a total l y d i ff ere n t spec i es Th e ter m was i n t rod uced .

by P orte r S m i th wh o i s fol l owed by Faber ,

T h e C h i nese .

ter m i s also referred to N ep / ze l zzm z Zon a m b u t later wr i t ers re

'

g , ,

s tri c t i t t o t h e bi tter seeded card a mo m T h e P é n tsa o says th a t

-
.

t h e fr u i t s co m e fro m K u nl u n a nd Li ngna n ( T h ibe t a nd Coc h i n

C h i na ) . T h ey are also sai d t o co m e fr o m t h e isl a n d o f H ai n a n
a nd fro m K u a n t u n A ccord i n t o H a n b u ry ’
s d escri pti o n
g g g .
,
“
t h e caps ules are m os t l y o v al ; so m e o v a t e obl o ng a nd a fe w -
 6 C H I N E S E MA T A M ED I C A
§
I
3 .

nh ar i t d - 6 to th e e xt re m i t ies
1 0 l i n es l o ng
po n e at ,
.

Th e pericarp is ( i f a deep d usky brow n coriace o us devoid o f -

, ,

h ai rs beset lo ngi t ud i nal l y w i th i n t err u pted rid ges u s ual l y abo u t

,

1 8 i n n u mber ; i t h as a n agreeabl e aro m ati c s m e l l a nd taste .

T h e seeds are obt usel y a n g ul ar a nd ad here fi r m l y toget h er th e y

”
are d isti ngu is h ed by a n aro m ati c bi tter m y rrh l i k e taste , ,
- .

g i s co n si dered by th e C h i n ese t o be n e fi t t h e
l e th ere fore t o i n crease k n ow led ge
“

e
of th e i n d i v i d u al be i n g co nsidered t o

l ar gel y reside i n t hese or ga n s To n i c st o m ac h i c cord ial .

, , ,

pec t oral a nd astri nge n t properties are ascribed to t h ese fr u i ts

,

i n t h e P ézzts a o b u t th e pr i n ci pal u s e t o w h i c h th e y are appl ied

,

a t th e prese n t t i me is i n t h e t reat m e n t o f i n co n ti ne nce o f uri n e ,

n o c t ur nal e missio ns , a nd fl ood i ng a ft er l abor .

A M O M U M CA R D A M OMU M —é E tP a i t ou .
-

6 T h is i s th e r ou n d or cl u s te r ca r d a m o m a n d i s a n at iv e
9 4 .
, , ,

o f th e E as t I nd ies I t wa s e v ide ntl y i m ported i n t o C h i na a bo u t

.

t h e e i gh th ce n t ury as i t is fi rst me nt i o n ed by writers of th a t

,

ti me I t i s said t o h a v e bee n prod uced i n a c o un try cal le d

.

fin fl Q ( C h ie h k l o ) e v ide tl y a B dd h ist co try w h ere

‘
u -
n -
,
u u n ,

t h e d r u g is ca l led a: ( To k n) I t is also -
k n ow n u n der th e
.

n a m e of fi i); E fig ( T u ng p o t ou a fter th e celebrated

- ‘ -

poet S u T u ng p o wh o tow ards th e e n d of th e ele v e n th ce n t u ry

-
‘
, , ,

l i v ed for so m e years i n t h e isl a n d o f H ai n a n a n d w rote n otices

o f u se fu l pla n t s T h e fl/a Za oa r ca r d a mom w h i c h is sol d t o so me
.
,

e x t e nt i n C h i na a nd w h ic h i s S i m il ar i n od or a nd taste to th i s
,

cl uster carda m o m , als o goes by th e n a m e o f Q E 9L? ( Pai to u -

T h e Th ibe t a n s ca l l i t s u é m zl w h ic h rese mbles t h e

’

k ou )‘
.
,

S a nscr i t 5 52 5
2 25 ( S u c h i m i l o Si ) - - - - .

T h is e v ergree n pla n t sai d t o rese m bl e th e ba na na , now

,

row s i n K u a n gt u n g p ro v i n ce T h e caps u l es are ro u nd ,

g .

g l ob u lar s m oot h ,
r
,
i bbed obsc u rely tria n g u l ar a n d of a brow n
, ,

i s h w h i te color
- T h e seeds are packed t oge t h er I n a gl ob ular
.

m ass eas il y brok e n i n to th ree por t i o ns a nd h ave a n aro mat ic

, , ,

t ereb i n t h i na t e fl a v or Th e seeds are used i n pyrosis v o m i ti ng

.
,

a nd dyspepsia i n p u l m o n ary d iseases a nd i n ge neral debi l i ty

,
.

I t i s s a id t o be s er v i ceabl e i n a gu e i n c ases o f fi l ms o v e r th e ,

eye, a nd i n d i s o rd e rs aris i ng f ro m dr unke n d issi pa t i o n .

 V EGE T A B L E K I NGDOM .
37

A M O M U M M E D IU Mfi s ( Ts a o k u o ) I 3 4 7 T h is —
fi
‘ -
,
' '

i s th e oo ozd C/ zzn a ca r d a m o m o f H a n b u ry as was fi rs t d escri bed

’ '

by Lo u rei ro I t is d escribed i n t h e P én ts a o toge th er w i t h

.

A lp f m a g l ooow m fro m w h i ch i t i s w i th d i fli c ul t y d ist i n

'

g u i s h e d I
. t c o m es fro m K u a n si a nd Y u nna n
g Th e elo n gated .
,

o v a l caps u les are c o m pared by th e C h i n ese to t h e fr u i t s o f

Te r m zn a l za o/ Eb) T hey vary fro m so m et hi ng
' '

zoo a la .

l ess th a n a n i nc h t o a n i n c h a n d th ree q u ar ters i n l e n gth a nd - - -

,

e x h i bi t ex ter n al l y s o m e i n d ica ti o n of t h e t h ree cel l ed c h aracte r -

of th e fr u i t Lo n g co a rse ped i cel s are f req u e n tl y attach ed t o

.

t h e ca ps u les T h e peri carp i s of a redd is h or grey is h brow n

.
-

c olor ,
cl osel y c orr u gated m oderatel y t h i c k a nd bri t t l e w i t h a
, ,

w h i t ish bl oo m o n t h e s u r face i n m a n y i n sta n ces Th e taste .

i s w ood y o r b ut v er y fa i ntl y aro m ati c

,
Th e m ass o f l ar ge , .

h ard a ng u l ar redd is h see ds is b ut l oosel y a tt ach ed t o t h e

, ,

i n ter n al s ur face o f t h e perica rp by m e m bra n o us ad h es i o ns .

T h e seeds h ave a w ar m terebi n th i n at e flav or a n d th e odor , , ,

w h e n fresh is said to be stro n g l i k e t h a t o f th e Te l i ni fly

, ,
-

M
( y br i s c i c h orii ) T h e s m al l u r i pe r ui t i s cal led £ 3 3} 5
l a n . f 3 ‘ ‘

”
( g k o s h é) or Th e d r ug i s used i n
’
Y i n - -
parrot s to ngu e
,
.

m uc h t h e sa m e cases as t h e A m om zmz g l o bos zzm t o w h i c h i t i s ,

preferred i n t h e treat me n t of t h e v ari o us for ms o f dyspepsi a .

Th e seed s o n l y are u sed a n d are gi v e n i n t h e for m o f a ,

d ecocti o n fo r a ff ecti o n s o f t h e s t o mac h or as a ti nc t ur e i n a gu e , ,

catarr h or othe r syste m i c d iseases

, I t i s said t o h a v e bee n .

f or merl y m u c h used as a co n d i m e n t or sp ice .

A M O M U M M E L E GU E TA —A s is w el l k n ow n t h i s .
,

pla n t toget h er w it h A momu m g r a n a m p a r a d zs i fu r n is h t h e

'

-
,
”
ra m s o f co mm erce
'

“
g r a i ns o
f p a r a d zse or G u i n ea
g , , .

T h ese p la n ts are n a t i ve o f A fr ica a n d h a v e bee n t ra n spla n ted ,

i n t h e West I n d ies S o far as k n ow n n ei t h er are fo u n d i n

.
,

A sia . N ot wi thsta nd i n g Por ter S m i t h h as t h e foll ow i n g to

,
”
say abo ut t h ese gr a i ns z Th ese“
are t h e aro m a tic seed s
“

th e A mom u m x a ntlzozd es a nd t h e si m i lar fr u i t o f th e

’

of

E let ta r za oa r d a moma m or a t l east accordi ng to D r Wari n g

’

.
, , ,

of t h e Cey l o n v arie ty o f th e M a labar carda m o n D r Wi l . .

l i ams gi v es th ei r C h i nese n a m e as y i zi ( H si s h a tou)

fl 3
m - -

a nd th eir bo t a nical so u rce as A momu m g r a na The

 8 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

n a m e gi ve n i s Efg M t: ( S o s h a j e n ) i n w h i c h t h ere i s a pal

' ‘
- -
,

pahl e m i s tak e m a d e i n w ri ti n g t h e fi rst c hara c ter I t is p ossi bl e .

t h a t u nd er certai n c o n d i t i o ns th e seeds o f A mom u m x a n t/

'

zozd e s

are used as a s ubsti t u te for t h ose o f A m o m u m m ol eg u eza b ut ‘

t h ey are o t t h e t r u e gra i ns o f parad ise

n
“ ”
.

A M O M U M V I LL O SU M if; K w( Ya n g ch u n sh a ) .
- ‘ -
.

Th is see m s t o be a C o c h i n C h i n ese spe c i es o f A m omu m -

,

w h i c h h as bee n i n trod uc ed i n t o C h i n a a nd is l argel y grow n ,

i n t h e d istric t o f Ya n g c h u n i n th e w ester n par t o f K u a n g

-
‘
,

t u n g prov i n ce Fro m t h i s l a tter fa c t a n d be c a u se th e C h i n ese

.
,

r e g a rd t h is d r u g as i d e n t i c a l w i th A m omu m xa n t/ it
'

zozd es ,

re c e i ves i ts C h i n ese n a m e I t is n ot d escr i bed i n t h e P é n ts a o

.
.

A c c ord i n g t o H a n b u ry s d es c ri pti o n t h e s c a pe w h i c h w h e n
’
, ,

perfe c t i s abo ut th ree i n c h es l o n g a n d recl i n ate bears as m a n y

, ,

as ei gh t c a ps u les o n i ts s u perior e xtre m i ty Th e c a ps u l es are .

fro m si x to ei gh t l i n es i n le n gth I n t h e d ried s tate th ey are .

oval oc c a i o n al l y n earl y sph er i c al m ore o r l ess th ree s i ded

,
s
,
-
,

bl u n tl y poi n ted w i t h a s c ar a t th e s u m m i t ro u nded a t th e base

, , ,

a n d at tac hed by a ped icel o n e to t w o l i n es l o n g Th e peri c arp .

is ex ter n al l y dar k brow n m ark ed w i t h obsc u re l o ng i t u d i na l

,

s tri ae a n d c overed w i t h asperities w h i c h a fter soak i n g w i t h , ,

w ater are see n to be s h or t t h i ck flesh y cl ose l y c rowde d spi nes

, , , ,
-
.

T h e pericarp a n d seed s h ave a war m bi tter aro ma tic flav or , , ,

tarry o r ca m ph ora c eo us i n ch arac ter They are us u al l y fo un d .

o n t h e m arke t ad m i xed w i t h t h e seeds o f A mom u m x a n t/

'

zozd es ,

w h ic h latter are eas i l y d ist i n g uish ed by th ei r pl u m p a nd

bl oo m y w h i te a p peara n ce
-
Th e sa m e to ni c a n d sto mac h i c
.

propert i es are as c r ibed to th e seed s o f th is pla n t as to th ose o f

c arda m o m s i n ge n eral A prod u c t fo u n d i n t h e C u sto m s Lists
.
,

2 76 ,
k n ow n as 5 35 5X E ( C lI u n sh a h u a ) a n d { W ( T
3 E (
‘
S h a - -

j e n h-
u a
) is co n s i d
,
ered to be th e p rod u c t o f th is pla nt .

A M O M U M X A N TH O I D E S — i fi a ( S o s h a mi ) ~ .
.e
- -

”
T h is is th e s o ca lled B a s i a r d ca r d a mom
- “
I t is a n at i v e o f .

B u r ma w h ere i t was d iscovered by VVa ll ic h i n 1 8 2 7

,
I t was .

a fterwards fo u n d by S c h o mb u rgh i n S i a m a nd i s sa i d by H a n ,

b ury to occ u r i n Ca mbod ia a n d t h e Laos c o un try Th e R?” .

tsa o s ay s t h a t i t or i gi nal l y ca m e fro m Persia a nd A s ia M i nor ,

 O C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

A M Y G D A LU S COM M U N U S —I t is pre tt y cer ta i n th a t .

t h is pl a n t d oes n o t o c c u r i n C h i n a Porter S m i th a nd th e .

C usto m s R eports erro n eo usl y i de n ti fy th is as 7g; ( H si n g ) b u t ,

th is is th e apr icot t h e k er nels o f w h i c h togeth er w i th t h ose

, ,

o f t h e peach a n d ot h er s uch fr u i ts are u sed i n C h i n a as a s ub ,

‘

s t i t u t e for al m o n ds T h e tr ue a l mo nd b ro u gh t i n to C h i n a
.
,

f ro m t h e West goes by th e n a m e o f E L , 1 a ( P a ta n hs i n g)
s - -

th e E g re ferri ng t o so m e c o u ntry i n A sia M i nor p os s i bl y ,

a n o t h er n a m e for P ers ia ( See P r m zu s

) . .

A N D RO P OGON S C H CE N A N TH U S —§ IE ( M ao h si a ng) .
~ -
,

Th is as i de n t i fi e d b y Lo u rei ro i s a fragra n t grass use d

4 71 .
, ,

i n bath s I t grow s i n F u k i e n a n d i s also cal le d 2? E

. ik ( H si a n g
r ,
7

ma ) ; i ts co m m o n n a m e be i n g ; in] M h e mp
1
y ( M a o j u ma )
- -
“
, ,

”
l i k e grass Th e grass i s dark i n c ol or a n d bears a w h i te
.
,

fl ower I t is al so said to be f o u n d i n S he n si a n d K ua ngt u ng

. .

T h ere is a n A n a m es e varie ty cal led E] 332 it; ( Pai m a o h sia n g ) ,

- -
,

w h ic h i s u sed for t h e sa m e p u rposes as th e other B esides i ts .

use i n sce n ti n g ba t hs i n w h ich i t is co nsidered to h a v e a be n e

,

fi c i a l i n fl u e n c e i n c u ri n g er up ti o n s o f t h e s k i n i t is u sed ,

i n ter n a ll y i n d i ges t i ve tro u bl es be i n g re garde d as a bla nd , ,

s ti mu lati n g a n d car m i n a t ive re m edy

,
.

A N E M A R H E NA A S P H O D E L O I D E S — fi] i fl : ( Chi h
mu ) . Th is i s a l i l iace o us pla n t fo u n d gro wi n g pl e n ti fu l ly i n
th e Pek i n g m o u n ta i ns T h e rh i zo m e is th e par t u sed . T h is .

is sa i d to rese m ble th e rh i z o me o f A cor zcs I t h as b u t l i ttl e .

t aste o r s m ell Th e flow ers rese m bl e th ose o f th e A lli u m

'

od or a m Th e pl a n t is fo u nd i n n earl y al l o f th e prov i nces n orth

.

o f th e Y a n gtse b u t t h e C u sto m s l i sts ( 1 3 6 ) g i ve C h i h l i as th e

so u rce o f s u ppl y fo r c o mm er c e Th e d r u g occ urs i n i rrre gula r .
,

flatte ned tw i ted sh riveled p ieces fro m two to th ree i n ch es i n

,
s
, ,

l e n gt h a n d ge ne ra ll y covered w i t h redd is h or y el l ow is h brow n

,
-

h airs w h i ch be c o m e scal y a t t h e d istal ex tre m i ty T h e s m aller

,
.

p ie c es are u s u al l y m u ch wr i n k led scarred a n d n earl y free , ,

fro m h airs T h e i n terior is y el lo w spo n gy or m eal y a n d t h e

.
, , ,

w h ol e d r u g h as a sl ig h tl y bi tter taste a n d a n agreeable od or .

Cool i n g l e n iti ve ex pe c tora n t a nd d i ureti c properties be l o n g

, , ,

t o th is r h izo me w h i c h is used i n precisely th e sa me cases for

,
 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDOM .
41

w h i c h s q ui l l s i s co mmo n l y pres c ri bed a nd fo r w h ic h dr u g i t

‘

w o u ld m ak e a ver y good s ubst i t u te .

O th e r n a m es gi ve n by t he P én ts a o for th is d r u g are £5; E:

( C h ’
i h -
m u ) g E : ( H uo mu )
, it” ( Ti s h é
- n ) fi i
,
f}: ( Lie .
n m u l -
,
‘
-
,

S h i s h é n)
E ) E\ ) 53 E ( E rh a nd 7k 5 (
’ 3 l:
K hsi u -
( u n -
, ,
.

Th e ter m it“ Q ( C h i li m u) is also used as a sy n o ny m o f 24: Q-

/ I
' '

( Sha -
s h é n ) f or A d o zzo
p zo r a o e r t zczl l a l a n t h e J apa n ese l ists .

i t is a lso u sed fo r ma fa s b ut we ca nno t fi nd th a t ,

i t is s o u sed i n C h i n a .

A N E M O N E C E RN UA 951 E? S u c.h —é m
( Pa i t -
’
ou —
w eng) .

i s t h e classi fi ca ti o n i n t h e J apa n ese l i sts a nd t h e P én tsa o ,

d escri pti o n a n s wers pretty w ell t o t h i s i d e nti fi cati o n B u t .

B re ts c h ne id er says t h a t a t Pe k i n g t h is is E up a tor zzcm x

tzr zl lowzz
' ' '

Th e C u sto ms l ists ( 9 6 5) say th a t th e s upply co m es fro m H upe h

a nd K u a n gt u n g T h e root a n d fl owe rs are u sed i n med ici ne
. .

J udgi ng fro m th e variety o f a ff ec tio ns for w h ic h t h is

s u bsta n ce is reco mm e nd ed o ne w o uld feel ass ured th at i t m us t ,

b e P a ls a l zll a a nd t h a t Ch i nese p h ysicia ns h ad go tte n th e i r

'

esti m ate o f th is d r u g fro m G ale n Th e foll ow i ng is a partia l .

l is t o f th e d iseases for w h i ch i t is h e ld i n rep u te Feve r , .

i n sa n i ty a g ue obstr uc tio n o f t h e b o wel s s wel l i ng o f th e nec k

, , ,

f ro m a nger to pro m ote th e ci rc u la ti o n o f t h e bl ood abdo m i n a l

, ,

pai n w o unds fro m c u t ti n g o r stabbi n g n asal pol y p us v ir ule n t

, , ,
” dyse n tery too th ac h e al l o f th e for ms o f
d yse n tery “
red , , ,

r h e u m ati c pai n , scro ful o u s gla n ds a l l for ms o f mias m at i c ,

p oiso n i n g he m orr h o
,
ids ,
a nd fa v us .

A N G E LI C A A NO MA L A —é IE ( P a i c h i h ) P or t er .
-
.

S m i th h as ide n ti fi ed t h is erro n e o u sl y w i t h [ r zs flor e n tzn a a nd

' ’

w i t h Opop a n a x O t h er t er m s gi ve n by t h e P fen ts a o are g§

.

( Tsé fe n ) é; IE fi ( Pai ch i h h sia ng ) Q

-
, ( Pa i - -
,

( Fa n g h sia n g ) a nd 33 fig ( F u l i ) T h e C usto ms l is t s ( 9 40 ) gi v e
‘

- -
.
,

S zech ua n H u peh , a nd C h eki a n g as t h e so u rces o f s uppl y

, .

T h e roots vary i n size are brow n ish ex ter nall y m arked w i t h , ,

w ri nk les a nd rid ges a nd w it h resi n d ots i n t h e bar k In .

t e r n a l l y i t i s yel l ow i s h w h i te a nd co n tai n s s m al l poi n t s of

-
,

res i no us or oi l y secre t i o n Th e od or i s aro m a t i c a nd th e tas t e

.

s o m ew h a t p u n e n t a n d bi tt er I t h as lo ng bee n a fa v ori te
g .
42 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

d r u g w i th th e C h i n ese I n a n c ie n t ti m es th ey w ore i t t o
.
,

geth er w ith oth er fra gra n t d r u gs i n their gird les I t is special l y ,

.

c o n sidere d to be a w o m a n s dr u g a n d i s th ere fore prescribed

’
,

i n a n u m ber o f fe m ale a ff e c ti o ns as w el l as bei n g a favori te ,

cos m e ti c s ubsta n ce I n add i ti o n t o m e nstr u al a nd ot h er fe m al e

.

co m pl ai n ts i t i s prescr i bed i n a large number of o t h er d isorders

, ,

s u c h as u ri n ary d i ffi c u l ties n asa l poly p us vari o us sk i n , ,

a ff ecti o ns c u ts a nd w o unds a nd certai n catarr h al co nd i tio ns

, ,
.

I t i s u sed as a ster n u tatory a nd o f t h e leaves o f t h e pla nt a ,

w as h is m ade fo r t h e rel i ef o f pi mpl es a nd pri ck l y h ea t .

A N G E LI C A D E C U R SI VA fifj ( C h ie n h u )
’
T h is is .
-
.

a co m m o n pl a n t grow i ng i n d a m p so i l i n Ce n tral a nd N ort h

,
‘

C h i na . Th e fragra n t y o u n g spro u ts a nd t h e l eaves are eate n

as a vege tabl e T h e dr ug is m e t w i t h i n brit tl e bra nc h i n g ,
.
,

i rreg u l ar taperi n g p i eces o f a roo t rese mbl i ng that o f A ng eli ca

, ,

m
’

fi T h e ex ter a l s rface is brow c h wri n k l ed

'

o czn a l zs . n u n u , ,

w i t h h ai ry rootl e ts at t h e grow i n g t op o f t h e ro ot stock t o -

,

w h i c h a p ort i o n o f t h e ste m i s so m e t i mes a t tac h ed The .

i n ter i or i s o f a d ir t y w h i te col or th e t aste bei ng bi tteris h a nd ,

a ro m atic a nd th e od or a greeabl e b ut n ot very stro ng Th e

, , .

root i s c o m pare d i n t h e P én ts a o to th a t of t h e B up leu r u m

f a l ca t u m T .h e dr u g e n teri n g f orei g n co m m erce co mes fro m
Szec h u a n C hek i a ng a n d K u a ngs i 1 1 8 S h e nsi H upe h H u n a n,
, , ,
.
, ,

H o n a n a n d A n h u i ar e also so u rces o f s u p pl y for th e n a t i v e sh ops .

Th e d r u g i s said to be to n ic sto mac h ic expectora n t car mi na , , ,

t i ve a n d l e n i ti v e
,
I t is used to q ui et n ervo us i rri tab il ity as i n
.
,

a st h mati c a t tacks , fre t f u l n ess o f c h i ld re n , a nd i rri t able u t er us .

A P I U M G RAV E O L E N S ( H an or s i m pl y
.

ff: or as ( C h i n Th e c h arac
’
t er fl is v ari o usl y
wri tte n i f] a nd i ii Th is c h aracter is also appl ied t o cress a nd
.

parsley Un fort u natel y i t is al so u sed f or c erta i n U mb el l i f

.

ero u s pl a n ts all ied to water h e m l oc k I n J apa n 7k 55( S h u i .

c h i n ) is G a n tb e s to l o mf em B u t th e pl a n t re ferred to u nder
’
.

t h is n a m e i n th e P é n / s a o i s certai n l y n o t co nsidered t o be a t

al l poiso n o us T h e o n l y poiso n o us variety th ere give n is t h e

.

'

f C h i h w h ic h is t h e C
’
T r a a l zs
’
Q g ( z u c h i n ) or i-
( ? o
y
zn czs a ( w h ich see ) Tha t ( Sh u i y i ng ) is used as a sy no ny m
' '

-
.
 VEG E T AB L E K I NGD OM .
43

for S h ui c h i n ma y i nd icat e t h at u nd er so me co nd i t i o n s or i n
- ’

so m e pl aces t h e C h i n m a y be co nsid ered to be dele terio us a s

‘
,

fl i s u s u a l l y re ferred to t h e Sol a n ace ae A t a n y rate th e red .

,

v ar i e t ies o f celery o ff ered f o r sal e by th e C h i n ese o u g h t to be

ea te n w i th great ca u ti o n T h ere is th e greates t d i ffi c ul ty i n

,

h ar m o n isi ng th e sta te m e n ts o f th e P é m s a o i n regard to t h e u se ‘

’
o f th e above c h a racters A fter t h e S h u i c h i n w h ic h is also -
.
,

£ 5( K u t h e pla n t g ( ch i n ) i s t reated o f a nd
’
call ed ,

£33 53 ( H a n ch i n) gi ve n as a sy n o n y m
’
B ut i n t h e E r /
4
-
z -
.
ya .

a n d classics as we l l as i n J apa n t h is c haracter re fers t o a Vi ol a

, , ,

a nd
j u dgi n g by t h e u ses t o w h ich i t is reco m m e n ded i n t h e
’

P én ts a o t h is is i ts proper c lassi fi ca t i o n
, ( See Vzol a ) . .

Celery is a c o m m o n vege tabl e w i t h th e C h i n ese Th ey .

so m eti m es eat i t ra w b ut th ey us u al ly tak e i t abo u t h al f cook ed

, ,

w h i c h certai n l y w o u l d be a h y gi e nic sa feg uard w h e n we ,

c o nsider t h e ir m a nn e r o f u si n g fertil i zers i n gard e n i n g I ts .

properties are co n sidered t o be di gest i ve cool i n g q u ieti n g , , ,

al terative a nd to n i c ,
I t i s reco m m e nded i n m e n str u al HI K GS
.
‘

a n d i n d i gest i v e tro u bles o f c h i ld re n Th e ex pressed j uice o f .

t h e bleac h ed s tal k is th e f or m m u c h used m edici nal l y .

A P L OTA X I S A U R IC U L A T A k ( ng m n
E 7 K u a .

'
-

h sia ng ) 8 6 0 ,Th is i s ide n ti cal w i t h Ap lota x zs l app a a nd

.

A a cé l a n a za cos ta s I t i s so me ti mes carelessly w ri tte n

’
’
.

( M u h sia ng) as i s also b u t th e t r u e ma lzs za rzg i s

’

- -
,

R os a oa f zé s za ( w h ic h see ) E n or m o us q ua n ti ti es o f t h is roo t
'

are col lected i n t h e h i gh l a nds of C a sh m ere w h e n ce i t i s ,

c o n v eyed to C alc u t t a a nd B o mbay fro m w h ere i t is sh i pped to ,

C h i na A s i t probabl y origi n all y e n tered at th e port o f Ca n to n

.
,

i t wa s g ive n t h e n a m e i t n o w bears I t is sa i d th a t th ere is a .

r oo t prod u ced i n K a ns u h a n d H o n a n cal led K u a n g h si a n g -

,

w h ic h ma y be t h is sa m e dr ug O ther parts o f I n di a a nd .

S yria also prod u ce t h is d r u g w h i ch i n Sa n s c r i t i s called ku s lzta

, ,

i n A rabic a nd Pers i a n k a r t a n d i n B e n gal p a l e/me Th is l as t .

n a m e i s i m i tated i n Ca n to n ese Th e d r u g i s m e t w i th i n d ry .
,

br ow n brok e n p i eces h av i n g m u c h th e sa m e appeara nce as so

, ,

m a n y o l d brok e n pi e c es o f bo ne Th e s m el l i s very fra gr a n t .

,

rese m bl i n g t h at o f orris root a n d th e taste b i t ter p u n ge n t , , ,

a ro m a t i c a nd sl i g h t l y mu ci lagi n o us I t is u sed i n m ak i ng
, .
44 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

i nce nse i n th e so u th o r t o p reserve c l oth es fro m th e at t a cks o f

,

m oth s a nd oth er i nsects I t i s said to h a v e th e p ower o f .

t ur n i n g gray h a i r black Car m i nat i ve sti m u la n t a n tisept i c

.
, , ,

proph y la c t i c astri nge n t sedative a nd i nsect icidal propert ies

, , ,

are re ferred t o th i s re m ed y I n d ia n ex perie n ce see m s t o .

s u ggest t h e des i rabi li ty o f try i n g th is root w h e n pow d ered as a

s u bst i t ute fo r opi um i n obsti nate c ases o f op i um s m oki n g .

T he C h i nese apply i t w i t h m usk w h i c h i t rese m bl es i n odor ,

a n d proper t ies to ac h i n g teeth ,

.

A P O CY N U M V E N E TU M —i§ ifi ( Tsé S u ch i s .

Faber s class i fi ca t i o n Th e Japa n ese c al l th i s E up/

'
’
. zor oza

fi el zos oop i a a n d th e fi g u re give n i n th e P éa l s a o l ook s li ke

'

O n th e oth er h a n d t h e fi gure gi ve n i n t h e
'

E uplzor oza .
,

I mperi al E n cy cl oped i a is th at o f Ap ocy m zm E v i de n tl y .

C h i nese observers h ave c o n fo u nd ed tw o d i ff ere n t pla n ts u n der

”
th is na m e ; for so m e say th at i t is n o t p oiso n o us w h i le “
,

o th ers say sli g h tl y poiso n o us

“
so m e say th at th e l eaves a re
ed ible w h i le oth ers de n y th e ed i bil i ty of th e pl a nt
,
I t is als o .

co n fo unded w i t h j : éjz ( Ta ch i ) w h i c h is c ertai n l y E ap /

'

zo r bza -
, .

S o for th e p urposes o f t h is w ork is? a w i l l a lso be c o nsidere d

, ,

u nder E ap lzor oza ( w h ic h see )

'

A Q U IL AR I A A GA L L OCH A fi £, 5 ( C h e n h sia n g ) .
- 5 ‘ -
.

T h is is t h e s ubsta n ce w h i c h is v ari o usly cal led agall o c h u m agi l a ,

w ood eagl e w ood cala m bac garoo w ood al oes w ood li g n

, , , , ,
”
al oes a n d i s s u pposed t o be th e
,
al oes o f th e B ible T h e “
.

t ree bel o n gs to th e nat u ral order o f A ga zl a r a oox A c c ord i n g .

t o Lo u re iro t h e s u bsta n ce i s also derived fro m th e ce n tral part

,

o f th e tr u n k o f A l oexy l oa ag a l l och u m o f th e n at u ral order o f ,

L eg a m zf zosoa s ub order Ce s a lp za a A n eq u i vale n t ter m g i ve n

' '

' -
, .

i n th e P é a ts a o is a ( M i hsia n g ) a n d th e s u bsta n c e is -
,

des c r i b e d u nder t wo d i ff ere nt h eadi n gs th e reaso n fo r so d o i n g

n o t be i n g very appare n t Th e tree i s descr i bed as bei n g li ke
.

t h e Cea r ela a nd i s fo u n d i n H ai na n K ua n t u ng Co c h i n C h i n a
’
, , , ,

C a m bod ia A ssa m th e Laos co u n try I n dia a n d Pers i a

, ,
Th e , ,
.

P ersia n n a m e a y a l a r cag e i s represe n ted by th e Ch i nese [T ] E2:

5
,
u ,

A ch i e h w h ile th e Sa ns c ri t a m a i s represe n ted by P M pg

( )
'

g
-

( A c
- h ia l n) -
T h e wood o
. f th e so u n d t ree is lig h t pale a n d , ,
 VEGE T AB L E K I NGDOM .
45

v ery sli ght l y od oro us bei n g used to sce n t cl o th es

,
V ar io u s .

n a m es are g ive n to th e dr u g w h ic h see m to r efer t o i ts for m ,

o r th e part o f th e tree fro m w h ich i t is tak e n Th ese are .

“
é ? C h i k h sia g ) 35 g E
“
E} if M a t i h si a ‘ - 3
( g) a ( u n -
- n ,
-
,

C h i k e i hsia n g ) a n d fig if ( C h a n h s i a n g ) Th e prod uc t
‘
( u -
n g
- -
,
.

o f t h e root i s c al l ed i f $1 ( H ua n g s h u h sia n g )
. A fter t h e - -
.

t ree h as bee n fel led for so m e m o n ths o r years a d ark res i n o u s , , ,

aro m a ti c j u ic e i s me t w i th i n t h e w ood m a i nl y deposi ted i n ,

certai n porti o ns of th e vasc ular tiss u e m ore especial ly o f t h e ,

h eart o f th e t ree Th is val uable h ea v y w ood i s cal led ag a r a

.
,

n a m e also applied to th e d r u g i n B e n gal i The trees are so me .

t i m es b u ri ed i n ord er to i ncrease o r t o faci l i tate th e re m oval o f ,

t h e pri zed ol eoresi n T he coarse red d ish brow n w ood sol d

.
-

m
, ,

u n der th e n a m e o f 7 k ( C h e n h sia n g m u ) a n d u sed i n t h e

‘ - -
,

m ak i ng o f i n ce nse h as a n od or s i m i lar to th at o f sa n dal w ood

,
-
,

a n d a fai n tl y b i tter taste I t is v ery h ard a nd bei n g capable

.
,

o f a very high pol i sh is carved i n to or n a m e n tal arti c les as wel l

, ,

as be i n g b ur ned i n th e for m o f i n ce nse stick s P aper is sa i d t o .

h ave bee n for m erl y m ade o f th e bark o f t h is tree T h e d r u g i s .

placed by D r Wil l ia m s a m o n g C h i n ese i m ports b u t it is n ot

.
,

n oted i n t h e C u sto m s l i s t s M u c h i n teresti n g i n for mat i o n i n

.

regard to th is s u bsta n ce c a n read i ly be fo u n d i n H a nb u ry s ’

N otes a n d R o y l e s I l l ustrat i o ns To n i c sti m ul a n t car m i n

’
.
, ,

ati v e ap h rod is iac a nd d i uret i c proper ties are ascr i bed to th e

, ,

d r u g besid es w h i c h i t is s up posed to possess cer tai n occ u l t

,

v ir t u es m ak i ng i t use fu l i n get t i ng ri d of e v i l sp iri ts

, .

A RA LI A C O R D A T A j: 55? F 5 ( T u t a n g k u e i )
. S u
,
c h- ‘ - -
.

i s th e id e n ti fi cati o n of Faber a n d t h e Japa n ese S iebol d says .

t h at t h is is th e sa m e as A r a l i a ea a l i s I t ma y be a n A ng el i ca ’
. .

I ts u ses i n m ed ici n e are n ot great i t bei ng co nsid ered car m i n

ati v e a nd sl i gh tly sti m u la t i n g Th e y o u ng stal ks are u sed .

as a vegetable A ccord i n g t o th e C u sto m s R eports t h e root

.
,

o f t h is pla n t is i m ported i n to S h a n h a i fro m J apa n un der t h e

g
n a me o f g 5 % ( Ta ng k u ei ) 1 2 50 -
, .

A R C TIU M L A P PA —E g7g ( W u sh i h ) O t h er uco mm o n - .

n a m es are { 5
1 J
P( N i p a g 6 d k j { 5
( Ta l i
: ‘
u n 9 0 n ]- -
a ,

t z u) 1 2 2 6
,
T h is is th e co mm o n b u rdock w h ic h grows ple nti
.
46 C H I N E S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

fu l ly i n
N or th an d
C e n tral C h i n a I t h as a lar ge number of .

v ul gar n a m es o f wh ic h th e P éi zl s a o
, g ives th e fol l owi n g 4 :

( N i u {i i 4 ( P i e n c h i e n n i u) 75
f : 32 a fig ( Y e c h a
-
‘ -
,
- ‘

Ia? m g fi]s { P ie n fu
fl i ( P a ng w eng a nd f
flH
‘
“

t S
i
- -

( S h u n ie n)
-
. T h e seeds s te m a nd r oot are used i n m ed i c i n e
, , .

I t is sa id tha t i n for me r ti m es th e leaves w ere e a t e n as a vege

tabl e . Th e tast e o f th e seeds i s said to be sl i gh tl y p u nge n t ,
w h il e t h at o f t h e roo t a nd ste m is bi tter a nd cool i n g The .

d r u g is co ns i dered t o be al terat i ve dep ura tive d i a p h ore t ic a nd , , ,

d i ure ti c . Th e seeds are us ual l y take n i n decocti o n or w i t h ,

h o n ey a n d w i n e th e r oo t a n d s tal k i n dec oct i o n or t i nct ure .

A R E C A C A TE C H U — 7
F§ i515 ( Pi ng la ng) . T h is is th e - .

A raca Pal m w h i c h bears t h e s o c a lled B etel N ut u sed by t h e -

M al ays i n betel c h e w i ng ( See C / za o i ca be tel

.
) T h e M alaya n .

n a m e i s P zi za i zg a n d th e C h i n ese n a m e is s u pposed to be a
'

t ra nsfere n ce o f th e so u n ds of t h i s w ord B u t Li S h i h C h e n say s .

th a t g Eli m ea n s “
a n h o n ored
”
g u est a n d th ese c h aracters ,

are u sed beca u se o f t h e prac tice o f setti n g th e be te l b ox before

g u ests . B oth ex pl a n atio n s are i n e n i o u s t o say t h e least
g T h e , .

A reca P al m is i n dige n o us to th e E ast I nd ies w h ere i t i s ,

exte nsi vel y c ul ti vated as als o i n th e P h i li ppi n e Isla nds ,

,

H ai n a n a nd th e so u t h o f C h i n a
,
M r Sa mpso n reports t h a t . .

t h e best nuts are pr od u ced i n th e so u th o f th e isl a nd o f H ai n a n .

A ccord i ng t o th e P en tsa o t h ere are se v era l sorts v aryi ng ,

accord i n g t o t h e h ei g h t of t h e t ree a nd t h e size o f t h e fr u i t .

T h e n u ts v ary a g o od d eal i n size a nd q ual it y bei n g fro m t h ree ,

q uarters of a n i n ch t o a n i n c h i n le ngth T h ey are brow n i n .

color c o n i cal a t o ne e nd a n d tr u nca ted a t th e ot h e r w h i c h i s

, ,

m arked by a d epressed w h i tis h scar ,

T h e taste i s bi tter a nd .

ro ugh v ary i n g i n d i ff ere n t speci m e ns

,
A ccord i ng to t h e .

a nal ysis o f M ori n t h ese nu ts c o n tai n a l arge proporti o n o f

,

ta n n ic a nd gal l i c aci ds I n I n d ia a k i n d of Cate c h u is pre

.
,

p ared fro m th e m w h i ch is k n ow n as ca l l a ca m oa
,
I t d oes n o t -
.

appear i n c o mm erce a n d u n less i? fi ll i t\ ( P i n g la n gi h s i n) or

,
f -

g 3
$ 3
1 7i
g( P i n g la n g k
-
ao l 1 0 2-
6 a n d 1 0 2 7 are,
th i s a rt i cle i t i s , ,

n o t k n ow n i n C h i n a War i n g says th a t i t is as good as th e

.

B lack Catech u obtai n ed fro m th e A ca ci a ca l ec/ zzc ; b u t i n as ,

muc h as t h e A reca n ut does not co nt ai n a ny Catech i n t h is ,

48 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

r oot of A r i s z ma t/ zzm be r i i
g Th e te n d e n c y o f th e C h i n ese is
.

t o re fer th e l ess freq u e n tl y u sed spe c i es o f a ge n u s t o th e o n e

m ost freq u e n tl y e m pl oyed espe c i al l y i f th e m ed i ci n al V i r t ues
,

c oi n cide . I n th is w a y m os t o f th ese aro id pl a n ts are c o ns id

ered t o h old so m e rela t i o no h ip to ei th er A r i s z m a l fi i ci i berg i i or
P i n ell i a i zcoe r if e r a w h i c h bear th e h i gh est rep u ta ti o n m ed ici
,

n al l y of th is class o f p la n ts Th is d r u g i s co nsider ed t o be
.

al terat i ve a nd febri fuge I t is n o t m u c h u sed

. .

E MA
A RI S X T H U N B E RG I I — f% ”
é . Th i s ,
”
( Hu -
c h a ng) .

p la n t i s fo u n d i n d i ff ere n t parts o f t h e ce n tra l a n d n orth er n

p rov i n ces O f C h i na T h : s u ppl y co m es fo r th e m os t part fro m
.
»

S he ns i Sze c h u a n H upe h a n d A n h u i
, , ,
T h e t u bers a re t h e .

p a r t u sed wh i c h fro m t h ei r sh ape sl i gh tl y rese m bl i n g th e p a w

,

o f a n a n i m al recei ve th e n a m e of ti ger s pa ws Th ey ’
, .

re s e m ble th ose of th e a l l ied spe c ies P i n e ll i a l i coe r if er a A r i s w ,

m a j ap oii i ca m A r i s z m a r i flg ei zs a n d Coa op /
,
i
y l as é, j
on a é .

I n d eed t h e d isti n ctio n bet wee n so m e o f th ese t u bers is d i ffi c u l t

t o m ak e a nd i s probabl y n o t m ade b y t h e Ch i n ese d r u ggi sts
, .

S O t h e d escr i pt i o n O f the d r u g a s fo u n d i n th e sh ops m ust h av e

a n el e m e n t o f u n certa i n ty abo u t i t I n ge n era l h ow e v er t h e y
.
, ,

are h ard ye l low ish bro wn o r w h i tish fl atte ned ro u n d ge n eral

,
-
, , , ,

l y d i vided i n to s m al l bra n ch i ng t u bers gro u ped aro u n d th e

ce n tral porti o n w h i ch is u m b i l i c a ted a n d m ark ed w i th pits a n d
,

t ubercl es T h e ci catri c i al re m n a n t o f th e stal k is ofte n see n i n

.

t h e u m bil i c us o f th e t u bers Th e i n terior fi rm s tarch y w h i t e

.
, ,

s ubsta n ce has a co ns i derabl e of a crid i ty w h e n c h e wed f o r so m e

t i me. Th e d r u g is co nsid ered to be ex c eed i ngl y poiso n o u s .

A lterati ve de obs tr u e n t ex pectora n t d i ureti c d isc u t i e n t a nd

, , , , ,

v u l n erary properties are a ttri b u ted to i t I t i s reco mm e nded i n .

C h i n ese m ed i c al practice for apoplexy h e m i pl egi a epileps y , , ,

a nd m a n y oth er d iseases s u pposed to depe n d u po n th e prese n c e

o f ph leg m It is po u n ded a n d m ixed w i t h v i n egar or oi l a nd

.
,

appl i ed to s m al l t u m ors or s we ll i ngs H avi n g a so m e w h a t .

be nu m bi ng i n fl u e n ce s i m i lar to tha t o f a c o n i te i t is so meti m es

, ,

u sed as a n i n gred ie n t i n certai n l o c al a n aesth eti c co m po u n ds ,

w h i ch are appl i ed t o pa i n fu l grow th s o r t o abs c esses prev i o u s ,

t o be i n g O pe ned by th ose w h o are bol d e n o ug h t o v e n t ure u po n

s u c h a s u rgi ca l p roced u re .
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50 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

of orig i n are Sze c h u a n H u peh C h ek i a n g a nd K u a n gt u n g , , , .

Th e root o f th e Pai s h u is sa i d to rese m ble o l d g i n ger root -

,

d ark col ored w i th o u t a n d w h i te i nsi de I t is c o n s i dered t o b e .

co nstr uc tive al tera ti ve to n i c a n d d i u reti c,

I t i s a h i gh l y , , .

val ued re m ed y bei n g prescribed i n co m b i n atio n w i th s uch dr ugs

,

as gi n se n g a nd C h i n a root I t i s u sed i n d i gesti ve d isord ers .

a n d ch ro n i c fl u xes espe c ial l y t h ose o f w o m e n a n d c h i ld re n

, .

I t i s regarded as bei n g espec i a l l y u se ful i n s u m m er d i arrh oea

a n d i n ch ro ni c d iarrh oea a n d d yse n tery U n der t h e desi g n at i o n .

of 7
35 a ( Tu hsi n g k e n ), th e roo t o f t h e C h i n g m u h s i a n g
- - ‘ - -

is pres c r i bed i n si m i lar c ases B u t i n add i t i o n t h i s is .

,

regarded t o be espe cial l y e ffi c a c i o u s i n expel l i n g th e 5 3 ( K n) 1

;

po i so n S o h igh l y is i t val ued for t h i s p urpose by the i n

.

h abita n ts o f L i n g n a n t h at t h ey h a ve gi ve n i t th e n a m e o f
fi fl} sa g (
i S a n pa i l i a n g y i n y a o ) th ree h u n d
-
red tael s —
of - - -
,
- -

”
si lver d r u g -
I t i s also c o ns ide red to be a good re m ed y for
.

s n ak e bite -
.

AR T E M IS I A A N N U A fig ( H u a n g h ua h a o ) .
- -
.

”
A lso cal led a fig; ( C h o u h ao st i n k i n g h erbage Q fi;
a nd I : g
‘ -
,
“
,
”
( Ts ao ‘
h ao ) grass
-
y h erbage I t i s,
n o t eate n o n ac c o u n t o f
-
.

i ts un pl easa n t od or T h e lea v es a n d th e seeds are pres c ribed.

,

t h e for mer for ch i ld re n s fev e rs a n d th e la tter fo r c o n s u m p ti o n ’

, ,

flat ul e n ce d yspe psi a n i ght s weats a n d t o destroy n oxio us va pors

, , ,
.

A R TE M I S I AA P IACE A C h i n g h ao
) 6 Th is °
s ( 8
' ‘ ‘ "

-
1 .
-
,
.

i s probabl y i de n ti ca l w i th a br o t a zzzm z o r so u th er n ,

Ot h er c lassi fi cat i o n s h a v e bee n A r i e m zs m a r a a m cu l zzs

’

w ood .
’

a n d A r te mi s za a é s e r t o r u m
’

T h is p l a n t w h e n c oil ed i n to ropes
’
.
,
.

t o be b u r n ed t o d ri ve a wa y m osq u i tos l S c a l l ed a E ( H sia n g ,

s

h ao ) T h is i s also t he t er m by w h i c h i t i s k n ow n a t P ek i n g
. .

I n th e spr i n g w h e n th e leaves are v er y te n de r th e y are ea te n

, ,

as a veget a ble V ery earl y i n t h e spr i n g th e s h oots are u se d

.

m ed ici n al l y T h e l eaves stal k root a nd seeds are al l u sed i n

.
, , ,

m ed ici n e It i s prescribed i n a large n u m ber o f a ff e c ti o ns

.
,

a m o ng w h i c h m a y be m e n t io n e d co ns u m p t i o n ch ro n i c d yse n ,

t ry mal a ria n asal poly p us he mo rrh oids w asp st i n gs e tc

, , , , ,
.

A R T E M I SI A C A P I LL AR I S —fi § BE ( Y i ch e h ao )
‘
“

n n .
- -
,

o e ir o call s t h is A r l e nzzs za a bm mm m z b u t th e p la n t
’ ’

1
53 2 L .ur ,
 VEGE T AB L E K I NGDOM .
51

h e d escri bes is n o t t h i s species T h is i s a pere nn i a l ar t e misia

.
,

co m i n g u p year a fter year fro m t h e sa m e roots a nd preserv i n g

i ts fol iage gree n d u ri n g th e w i n ter H e n ce th e n a m e [fl P i .

(Yin I t i s a m o u n tai n pla n t i n i ts n a t u ral h abi ta t t h a t

co mi n g fro m th e peaks n ear H o c h o u i n A n h u i prov i n ce bei n g ,

”
cal led 5 BE S h i li y i n
E l or sto n e ar te m isia
-
The “
.

bes t q u al i ty is th o u gh t t o co m e fro m th e sacred Tai m o u n t ai n ,

i n S ha n t u n g .T here i s als o a c ul tiva ted variety w h ic h t h e ,

P é m s a o d isti n g u ish es bot h as t o a ppeara n ce a n d m ed ical u ses

‘
.

U n der t h e c o m m o n m eth od o f preparati o n th e s u bsta n ce o f ,

t h e pla n t i s c o n verted i n t o a d o w n y m ass w h ic h i s cal led ,

fi, i M e ch e m T h e lea ves a n d s tal k are used as

“
'
f fi ( i n y i n - -
‘
.

a fe br i fu ge a d i ure ti c a n a n tispas m odi c a nd a n a n ti peri odi c

, , ,
.

I t i s re c o mm e nded i n t h e treat m e n t o f j a u nd i c e d ys me norrhoea , ,

a gu e a nd eph e m era l fevers .

A RTE M I S I A J A P O N I C A ; g ( M ou h ao ) A l so .
—qj ‘
"
s -
.

cal led fl Ea gig; ( C h i t o u C lassica l n a me Elf ( We i )

‘ -
‘
It ,

gro ws i n fi elds a n d was te la nds L i S h i h C h e n says : I ts .

-

l ea v es are flat n arro w a t th e base broad a nd l obed a t th e e nd

, ,
.

Th e y o u n g leaves c a n be eate n D eer are fo n d o f th e pl a n t . .

I n a u t u m n i t bears s m al l yel l ow flo wers T h e fr u i t i s as lar ge

,
.

as t ha t o f th e P l a zzf ag o m aj or a n d co n tai ns m i n ute seed s , ,

h ard ly d isti n g u ishabl e ; w h ere for e th e a n c ie n t s asserted th a t

”
th e p la n t h ad no seeds a nd c al led i t th e m al e so u ther n wood
,
.

I t is rep u ted t o pro m ote t h e d i gesti o n of fat a n d is t h erefore ,

u sed to prod u c e pl u m p ness o f fi g u re B ut i t is ad vised n ot t o .

u s e i t very l o n g a t a ti m e as i ts prol o n ged u s e i s del eter i o u s

, .

Th e expressed j u ice is e m ployed as a l ocal appl ica ti o n i n

va gi n i tis I n c o m b i nati o n w i t h eleca m pa n e i t is co ns idered a
.
,

s u re c u re for ag u e .

A R T E M I S I A K E I S K I A N A — fi {gu m A lso cal le d .

n a m es co m e fro m th e fac t th a t th e
E F5 ( E u l n)-
T hese .

stalks o f th i s pl a n t are use fu l for t h at c h i n g v il la ge c otta ges .

Th e seeds are th e par t e m pl oyed i n m ed ic i ne Th ei r u s e i s .

s upposed to prol o n g l i fe a n d th ey are ad m i n istered i n cases

,

of i m pote n ce a m e n orrh oea post par t u m pa i n a nd to re mo v e

, ,
-
,

ex tra vasated bl ood a nd pre v e n t t h e for mati o n o f abscess .

52 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

A R TE U I S I A S TE L L E R I A N A V E S I C U I O S A —é]
( P a i- h a o
) C lass i cal n a m es 5 3 .
( F an ) a nd ( Ln) I t is ,
.

c o n s i dered by so m e a n c i e n t a u t h ors t o be a m ph i b i o u s i n i ts
h ab i ts b u t i t i s probable th at th ere are t w o d i st i n c t b u t
,

cl osel y rela ted spe c i es I n de ed S u S u n g ( 1 1 t h c e n t u ry ) say s .

“
I n a n c i e n t t i m es the peopl e u sed th e l eaves o f th e P a i h ao for
food .N o w th ey e m pl o y fo r th i s p u rpose th e g g?; ( L ii h ao ) “

w h i c h s o m e a u th ors h ave erro n e o u sl y i de n t ifi ed w i t h th e

”
P a i h ao
-
Faber c alls th is L n ha o
. It -

sh oots u p i n th e se c o n d m o n th a n d th e very te n d er leaves a n d ,

th e c r i sp w h i te o r redd i sh roots are u sed as food bv th e p e ople ,

be i n g e a te n ra w or c o o ked Th i s pla n t i s regarded as u se fu l .

i n fl at u le n ce c olds as a sto m a c h i c t o pro m ote th e grow t h of

, , ,

h a i r a n d as a n erv i n e a nd p ro m ote r o f th e m e n t al fa c u l t ies

,
.

E xter n al l y a decoct i o n i s u sed as a w ash i n ul c ero u s sk i n

,
f
a fi e c ti o ns I t i s probably i n d ige n o u s to C h i n a be i n g fo u n d
.
,

i n m os t parts o f th e e m p i re a n d i t m a v be th e sa m e as th e ,

A ra b i c A r t em zs za lze r ba a / Th a t for m w h i c h gro ws o n

’ ’

ba -
.

u pla n ds is n o t u sed as food a n d b u t rarely i n m ed i c i n e ,

.

A R T E M I S I A V UL G A R I S x (5, h a o) o r si m pl y x .
-
,

(Ai) . A lso c al led A d em zs za zzza zm A z f e fi zzs za c/ zzzzc n s zs a nd

’
, ,

A r ze m zs za m ama Th i s pla n t is t h e c o m m o n mug zvor t a n d

' '

‘
.
,

i s fo u n d i n m ost parts o f C h i n a th e trad e s u ppl y of t h e dr u g

co m i n g fro m H u peh A n h u i a n d F u k i e n Th e bes t q u al i ty
, ,
.
,

M
”
k n ow n a s $ 19 ( C h i a i ) c o m es fro m C h i c h o u ‘
-
) ,
i n
‘ -
,

H u a n g ch o u fu F M R
”
n H u peh r e t s c h n e id e r says th a t
3
“ at
i B
”

3
) ,
.

t h i s I S th e sa m e as F Z
( C 11 1 e u n i e 11 a i ) a n d i s T ex/za a l zmz -
,
’

c/ Faber c al ls th e C h i e n n i e n a i A fi mm s za v u lg a r i s
' '

‘
zzzzc n s c
’ - -
,
.

a n d A i ( j Z h e c al ls A r l e nzzs za m a zm
) B u t fro m a m ed i c al sta n d
’
.

p o i n t th ese d i st i n c t i o n s are u n i m porta n t

,
A n oth er var i ety .
,
“

"
k n ow n as $ 9 4 ( Tz u a i ) redd i sh i n c ol or c o m es fro m F u n g
4
,

ya n g fu 1 11 A n h u i
-
,
C o mm o n n a m es by w h i c h th e A ze mzs za i s
. ,
’

k n ow n are é é ? ( I ts ao v u l n erary h erb i é ( C h i h ts a o “

"
‘ ‘
“

- -
, ,

"
b ur n i n g a nd
3
$ a f ( C h i n ts a o c a u ter i z i n g -
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,

I n c o m m e r c e th i s art i c le a ppears pri n c i pa l l y i n fo u r for m s .

A i v eh l j r 7 i s th e dr i ed l e av es o f th e
,
pla n t w h i le Ai ,

t i a o ( 54 i s th e dr i ed t w i gs d o n e u p i n b u n d les Ai
'
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j g
u n ( 32 3 i s m ade by ta k i n g th e ,
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 VEGE T A B L E K I NGD OM .
53

t h e m up i n a s t o n e m ortar w i t h w a ter separa ti n g o u t th e ,

c oarsest part icles a n d re fu se a n d dry i n g w h a t re m a i n s Ai .

m i e n ( 32 m) 4 i s t h e A i j u n g pi c ked t o pi e c es by h a n d
, ,
- T h is .

l a tter i s pr i n c i pal l y used as a sta m p i n g i n k pad for seals be i n g -

,

m i xed w i th ver m i l l i o n a n d c astor o i l f o r th a t p u rpose .

Th e A i j u n g i s u sed as a m o x a ( 32 k ) both fo r c a u ter i z i n g

-
,

p urposes a n d as a c o u n ter i rri ta n t A s m a l l portio n i s rol led

.

i n to a pell et th e size of a pea pla c ed u p o n t h e u l c e r o r pl ace ,

t o be ca u ter i zed a n d i g n i ted T h e pre ferred m et h od o f i g n it i n g

.

t h e m oxa i s w i th a b u r n i n g gl ass o r m i rror Th e n u m ber .

o f pel le ts u se d d epe n ds u po n t h e e ff e c t d esi red I f i t is u se d .

fo r th e rel i e f o f pai n t h e process is c o n ti n u ed u n t i l t h e pa i n i s

,

rel ie ved o r u n t i l m ore th a n te n pel lets h av e bee n u sed

,
I f for .

t h e c a u ter i zat i o n of a n u l c er o r fo r t h e l oss o f se n sa t i o n i n a

,

part i ts appl i c at i o n s h o uld be c o n t i n u ed u n t i l a c u te pai n i s

,

prod u c ed or t e n or m ore pel l e ts h ave bee n u sed

,
Th i s trea t .

m e n t i s re c o m m e n ded a n d pra c t i ced i n d i s c r i m i n a tel y by n a t i v e

d o c tors fo r n earl y all o f th e i l ls to w h i c h flesh is h e i r — fro m i tc h
t o ster i l i ty I t i s re ported to h ave fall e n so m e wh a t i n to d i s use
.

i n so m e parts o f t h e e m p i re b u t i n K i a n g n a n i t see m s to be
,

as m u c h e m pl oyed b y the na ti v e fa c u l ty as i t ever w as .

Th e n u m ber of d iseases fo r w h i c h A r l e m zs za a zzlg a r zs i s

’ ’ ’

pres c r i bed i s very l arge

,
I t i s regard ed as h av i n g li ze m o s ta t i c
.
,

a n t i se pt i c a n d c ar m i nati ve vi rt u es Th ere fore i t i s p re s c r ib e d i n

, .

de c o c t i o n i n h ae m opty s is d v s e n te r y m e n orrha g i a post par t u m

, , ,
-

h ae m orrh a ge s n ak e a n d i n se c t b i tes as a wash for a l l s or ts o f

, ,

w o u n ds a n d u l c ers a nd t o al la y t he gr i p i n g pa i ns o f i nd i gesti o n
, ,

d i arrh oea o r d v s e n te r y Th e ex pressed j u i c e of t h e fres h pla n t

, .

i s e m pl oyed as a h mm os ta t i c for ta pe w o r m a n d as a c ar m i n , ,

a t i ve . A t i n c t u re m ade u p i n n at i ve sp i r i ts is u sed as a
, ,

n erve sedat i ve i n abd o m i n a l a i n a n d i n l abor T h e l eaves a re

p .

also s tea m ed a n d u sed as a p o u l ti c e for t h e rel i e f of pa i n Th is .

is c al led A i pa ( 32 -

A s t h i s pla n t i s s o freq ue n t l v u sed as a c h ar m a n d i s h el d ,

i n a m e as u re o f s u pers ti t i o u s ve n era t i o n by t h e people i t i s a ,

l i ttle d i ff i c u l t to de ter m i n e j u s t w h ere i ts re m ed i a l u s e i n n ati ve

t herape u t i c s beg i ns A t t h e ti m e o f t h e D ra go n Fest i val ( fi fth
.

d ay o f th e fi ft h m oo n ) t h e A r te/11 73 221 i s h u n g u p t o ward o ff

n ox io u s i n fl u e n ces T h i s is d o n e e i th er toge ther w i t h a Tao i st
.
54 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M E D I C A .

ch ar m i n w h i ch c ase i t i s cal led 32 231 ( A i fu) a nd is h u ng

,
-
,

at th e h ead of th e pr i n c i pal roo m of t he h o use or toge th er w i th ,

th e A co r n s ca l a m u s ( g fifi C li a n g p u ) a t t h e d oor ; th e l eaves ,
‘ -
‘

o f th e l a tter be i n g for m ed i n t h e sh a pe o f a s word ( cal led fit} fig ,

P u c h i e n ) a n d pl a c ed over t h e d oor w h ile a s tal k o f t he

‘ -
,

A r i e m zs za is h u n g o n ea c h d oor post
’

Th a t th is w as e ffi cacio u s .

i n at l eas t o n e i nsta n c e i s a t teste d by t h e fac t th a t th e fa m o u s

rebel H u a n g C h ao ( i f g ) gav e orders to h is sol diers to spare
,
‘
,

a n y fa m i l y t h a t h ad A r t e m zs za h u n g u
’ ’

p at th e d oor Th e .

m oxa i s e m pl oye d by B u dd h i st pries ts i n i n i tiat i n g n eophy tes ;

t hree ro ws of t h ree fo ur o r fi v e scars eac h bei n g b u r ned o n
, ,

t h e c row n o f th e h ead w i th th i s s u bsta n c e M a n y a ls o u se th e .

m oxa o n a th ree days o l d c h i ld b u r n i n g o n e o r m ore s c ars o n

’
,

th e face ; t h is be i n g s u pposed t o i ns u re t h e ch i l d s l i v i n g th ro ugh ’

i n fa n c y T h e places for b ur n i n g are be twee n th e brows o n

.
,

ea c h c h ee k a l i t tle d ista n ce be n eat h t h e ey es a nd a t th e roo t ,

o f t he n ose o n th e u ppe r l i p .

A R T O C A R PU S I N TE GE R I F OL I A — f(jfi g; ( P o l o .
-

m i ) T h i s is t h e J a c k j a k o r j a c a fr u i t T h e A n n a m ese n a m e
.
, ,
.

i s Q { in {55 ( N a n g ch i e h c h i eh ) t h e las t t w o c h arac ters be i n g

- -
‘

”
pro n o u n c ed c h i a k e t i n A n n a m ese
“
Th e fi rst n a m e g i ve n .

above i s t he S a n s c r i t na m e re prese n ted i n C h i n ese ch ara c te rs ,

.

I n Pers i a n i t i s g i
g 3
3 3
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h e l a n g u age of
‘ - -
,

t h e N estor i a n c o u n try o f iii: fit ( F u l i n ) i t w as c al led [WE as -

,

( A sa t o )
- -
I t i s a m e m ber o f t h a t very i n teresti n g n at u ra l
‘

order o f D i c otyled o n o u s pla n ts t he A r ta ca rp a reg w h i c h fur , ,

n i sh es t h e bread fr u i t c ao u t c h o u c
~
th e c o w tree t h e dead l y
, ,
-
,

U pas th e sa c k tree th e Tr u m petw ood w h i c h i s u sed for c ordage

,
-
,

a n d for m u s i cal w i n d i n st r u m e n ts a n d th e va l uabl e S n ak e w ood

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of i ts l eave s I t i s fo u n d i n ro c k y rav i n es a n v wh e re be t w ee n
.

t h e H u ai a n d t h e Y a n g ts z e a n d p robabl y a n y pla c e else i n ,

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th e bod y The ro ot is t h e pa r t u se d a nd i t is pres c r i bed for

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th e i fizfil E? ( T u hs i h s i n ) m i g h t lead to error

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a n d t h e i r ex tre m e a c rid i ty T h e dried root a ppears i n th e .

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t h e f res h r oot i n th e pr ocess of d ry i n g T h e P ézzts a o ass i g n s .

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s u c h as K u a n gt u n g H u pe h a nd S h e n s i I ts spe c i es i s n o t
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g i ve Szech ua n as th e so u r c e o f th e c o m m er c ial s u ppl y It is .

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i s so m e th i n g l i k e t h at o f th e sq u i l l T h e v are c o n s idered t o be .

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prol o nged u s e is re c o m me nded i n i m pote n ce T h e r oot i s pre .

served i n s u ga r as a sw ee t m ea t -
.

Lo u re i ro c al ls t h is pl a n t [ V e l m a /6 5m ” a nd i n

t h i s h e i s fol l o wed by Tatar i n o v O nager H a n b u ry a n d Por ter , , ,

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n at u ral h ab i ta t ide n t i fy i t as A sp a r ag u s Zu cza u s as d o a lso

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brow n col or h as a fragra n t od or a n d b u t l i t tle taste

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co nsidered t o be q u i eti n g t o th e n ervo u s syste m a nd i s t here ,

for e u sed i n t h e restless cry i ng of c h i ldr e n I t is also regard ed .

t o h a ve so m e t o n i c v irt u es .

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l eaves are u sed a n d are rec o m m e n ded fo r th e treat m e n t o f

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f or th e places fro m w h ic h t h ey co m e I t is poss i bl e th at th e .

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b erl e ss E very sor t o f w asti n g or exh a usti n g d isease is

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t h o ug ht t o be be ne fi ted by i t Li k e m ost of t h e t o n ic a nd .

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w h i c h co m es fro m oth er parts o f t h e e m pire is A i m e/ 1 4 15 .

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.

a n d t h e taste war m a nd bi tter T h e dr u g is a wa r m sto m ac h .

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pro fuse s wea t i ng a n d apoplex y I t e n ters i n to th e c o m pos i t i o n

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o f several o f t h e m os t fa m o u s pres c ri pt i o n s i n u s e a m o n g th e
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diseases for w h ic h th e dr u g i s re c o m m e n ded wo u l d req u ire a ,

t ol erably co m plete C h i nese n osol ogy 213 fit ( P i n g s h u ) i s a l ess .

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u n e n t q u al i ty o f t h e dr u g b u t w h eth er th is i s d u e t o i ts
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b ei n g a d i ff ere n t spec ies or t o a d i ff ere n t m ode o f prepara ti o n , ,

does not y e t appear Th e w h ol e m at ter o f cl assi fi cati o n o f

.

t h ese s ubsta n ces is i n a v ery u nse ttled state .

A T RO P A I t i s exceed i n gl y d o ubtful w h e th er th is ge n u s
.

is f o un d i n C h i na I t i s i n trod u c ed h ere si m pl y to c al l atte n

.

t i o n t o tw o s u bsta nc es w h i c h m a y be i nc l u ded u n de r t h is
classi fi cati o n or th at o f so m e al l i ed ge n u s Th e fi rst i s firfi ijfi .

T i e a ter m s ed by D r VV i l li a m s i n h is S y l lab i c
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also sa id t o be wri tte n 3? £ 5 ( T ie n ch i eh tz ii ) a n d th is ter m ‘ ‘ -

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i s assi g ned t o 5 01m m ?” m gr zm z B ut n e it her o f t h ese t er ms is .

give n i n t h e P é zzf s a o o r i n a n y oth er C h i n ese w or k exa m i n ed

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c e o u s p l a n t cal led fE fé ( Tso n a t h ere i s a n appe nded

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acco u n t o f a s i m i lar dr u g called 111] 2 E ( Y a p u l n) th e e ff ec ts ;

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o f w h i c h rese m bl e th ose o f A f r op a 7 7za 7zd r ag or a I t is sa i d t h at .

a fter the ad m i n istra t i o n o f a s m al l q u a n t ity o f th e t i n c t u re a ,

profo u n d a naest hesi a was prod uced d u ri n g w h i c h operat i o n s ,

m i gh t be per for m ed w i t h per fect freed o m fro m pa i n Th e .

e ffects o f t h e d r u g lasted for th ree d ays T h e dr u g i s said t o .

h ave co m e fro m th e co un try of t h e M oh a mm ed a n tribes n o rt h

of C h i na a nd is th o u h t t o h av e bee n t h e d r u g u sed by t h e
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celebrate d s u rgeo n H ua t o i n cer t ai n operati o n s u po n w o u n d
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ed i n testi n e . T here is n o descript io n o f t h e pla n t so i t s ,

i de n ti fi cat io n aw aits i n v esti gatio n .

AV E N A F A TU A 25 ( C h iao m a i.
) 25 ( Y e n m a i )
‘ -
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-
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O ats i s seldo m c u l t i vated i n C h i n a al th o u gh t h is w i l d variety ,

is so met i m es col le c ted i n ti m es of deart h a nd u sed i n m ak i ng

bread . The gra i n is co ns id ered to be n u tr i t i o u s a n d de m u l ce n t .

A decoctio n o f th e s h oots o f gro wi n g grai n i s give n to par t u rie n t

w o me n t o exc i te u teri n e c o n trac t i o ns as i n re tai ned pl a c e n ta ,
.

Th is ac t i o n m a y be d ue t o th e grow t h o f a n ergot u po n th e
s h oots .I n J apa n t h e above ter m s are u sed f or d i ffere n t
gra m i n eo u s pla n ts ; th e fi rst be i n g B r omzzs j a pmzzcu s w h ile th e
'

seco n d i s B z a c/ z fi o d zzm z s l va zzczm z T h e ve n a f a t u a is

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cal led asg ( Y e n m a i ) b u t i n C h i na th i s fi rs t c h aracter is o nl y

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a v ar ied w ay o f wri ti ng SE E .

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n a me is fi v e r i d ges a n d re fers t o th e s hape o f th e fr u i t
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w h i c h i s co m pared t o t h a t o f th e sto ne rol le r w it h w h ic h t h e

C h i n ese far m e r rol ls d ow n h i s fi elds a fter sow i n g gra i n T h is .

fr u i t i s t he s o ca l led Ch i ne se go oseberry
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i n th e so u the r n prov i n ces o f F u k i e n K u a n gt u n g a n d K u a n gs i , , ,

b u t i s sca rcely k n ow n i n t he n or th I n i ts n at ura l h a b i ta t i t is

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60 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

al so k now n a s 135 3 135 ( Ya n g var i o usl y wri tte n i 1115

( Ya n g O n t h i s ac c o u n t Legge h as erro n e o usl y i d e n t i
,

fi ed th e c ara m bol a w i th the E ( C h a n g c h u ) o f th e class i c s

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fo u n ded th e t w o al th o u g h th ere has bee n so m e l ocal c o n fo u n d

,

i n g o f th e c ol l oq ui al n a mes. Th e fr u i t w h e n ri pe is th ree or
, ,

fo u r i n c h es lo n g y el lo w m arked by fi v e pro m i n e n t l o ngi t u d i n a l

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r i dges very j u i c y a n d rath er sh arp to th e taste

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t o a l lay fe v er
.
 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDOM . 61

B .

B A L A N OP H E R A £fi $5; ( S o -
.
—
ya ng) , 1 1 89 . Wh e th e r
th is is a correct i de n t i fi cat io n , o r w h e t h er i t i s a n Or o ba m / za ,

i s no t q u i te certai n . T he C h i n ese m ak e i t o ut to be a k i n d o f
Ts g y w h i ch i Om b c/ Th e m says
‘
is? ( ) P é ‘
u n -
u n g ,
s a n za s a o .

t h a t i t gro ws i n th e co u n t ry o f th e M o ngol Tartars a n d co mes ,

u p i n places wh ere t h e w i ld h orse a nd sca ly d rago n h a v e

,

dro p ped se m e n w h ic h si nks i n to t h e gro u n d a nd after a ti m e

,

s pri n gs u p i n a for m l ik e t h e ba m boo s h oo t Th e u pper par t .

is s ucc u l e n t a nd th e lo wer dry I t is covered w i t h scales a nd

.

r ese m bles th e pe n is I t is sai d th a t lech ero us w o m e n a m o ng

.

t h e Tar tars us e i t for th e p u r p ose o f m ast u rba ti o n a n d t ha t ,

w h e n t h e roo t co mes i n c o n tac t w i th t h e fe m al e orga n i t

b eco m es e rect as i n t h e case of th e orga n i t is said t o rese mbl e
, .

I t i s a re m ar kabl e fac t th a t a n al l ied spec ies i n A m erica goe s

b y t h e v u l gar t er m o f “
S q u a w roo t a si m i lar reaso n for s o
c al l i ng i t bei n g t h ere add u ced T h e d r ug w h i c h e n ters t h e
.

C h i n ese marke ts probabl y largel y co m es fro m M o ngol ia b ut ,

t h e C us t o ms R epor t s cred i t Szec h u a n a nd H upe h w i t h be i ng

i t s places o f prod u ct io n T h e root i s fles h y redd i s h brow n i n
.
,
-

c ol or , h a v i n g a m ore or less w ri n k led s u r fac e I n accord a n c e .

w i th th e C h i n es e ideas as t o th e ori gi n o f t h is root i t is co n ,

s i d e red t o be ap h rod isia c t o w o m e n a nd t o pro m o t e th e secre

t i o n o f se m e n i n m e n I t is a lso th o ugh t t o be sti mu la nt a nd

.

t o n ic t o th e i n t es t i na l t rac t .

BA L S AM O D E N D RO N M Y RR H A — ’
i§i 55 (
1 M a yao
.
), -

879 . Th e n a m e is also w r i t t e n 3KQ ; th e fi rst c h arac t er i n

eac h case be i n g said to be a tra n sli terat i o n o f th e Sa n scri t ter m .

T h e dr ug ori gi n al ly ca m e fro m Persia a nd was said to rese m bl e ,

be n zoi n . I ts m od e o f col lecti o n as gi v e n by L i S h i h C h e n i s

,
-
,

by i n c is io n of t h e bar k o f t h e tree a n d col lec t i ng t h e ex u d a t i o n

as i t co n geals . I t is red dis h black i n col or a nd m ore or l ess
-

a d mixed w i t h o t he r s u bs t a n ces T h e prod u ct as fo u nd i n th e

.
,

C h i n ese dr u g s hops has a bi tter t ast e a nd b ut l i ttl e o f th e s m e l l

,

o f ge n u i n e m yrrh I t is sai d n ow t o be prod uce d t o so m e

.

e x t e n t i n t h e so u th o f C h i na I t s m ed ical uses are co nsidere d

.
62 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

t o be i de n t i c al w i th t h ose o f ol i ba n u m I t i s re garded as a n .

al tera t i ve a n d sedat i ve a n d as for m erl y i n t h e west i s u sed i n

, , ,

t h e t rea t m e n t o f w o u nd s a n d u l c ers I t i s th o u gh t to be .

espe c i a l ly u sefu l i n u teri n e d i s c h arges a n d i n v i c i o u s l o c h i ae ;

a lso i n th e trea t m e n t o f a d i sease rese m bl i n g h yster i c a l m a n i a .

”
Lo u re i ro m e n t i o n s a 172
1 ( M u ya o y u )
7
o i l o f m yrr h - -
, ,

w h i c h i s u sed i n C o c h i n C h i n a f or th e d ressi n g o f u l c ers It .

is redd is h i n c ol or a n d h as t he s m e l l o f m y rrh
,
I t does n o t .

see m t o be k n ow n i n C h i n a .

Th ere i s also fo u n d i n th e d r ug sh ops o f C h i n a a s u bsta n ce

cal led { E j {52Q ( C h i a m u y a o ) w h i-
c h i s E ast I-
n d i a E d d /
m m
,
.

T h i s i s s u pposed t o be th e prod u ct o f B a l s a moa e fl a r o n m n é u l

’ ’
,

o r B a l s m rzoa e fl d r o n I t is i m p or te d i n to C h i n a
’

fro m I n d i a a n d D r Wi l l i a m s says t h a t t h e d r u g appeari n g i n

,
.

t h e C h i n ese m ar ke t i s m u c h ad u l terate d A c cord i n g t o D r . .

W ari ng good B d el l zu m oc c u rs i n ro u n dis h dar k red pie c es

'

-
, , ,

softer th a n m y rr h a n d m u c h less a greeab le i n taste a n d s m el l .

I t d oes n o t resp o n d t o t h e tests for m y rr h b u t i s sai d t o a nsw er ,

al l o f th e p urposes o f th a t d r u g I t is a n ex cel le n t st i m u la n t .

f or t h e c h ro n i c u l ce rs so co m m o n l y fo u n d th ro ugh o u t th e east .

Its I nd i a n n a m e is g ug zi l .

B A M B U S A —T h e n u m ber of species o f ba m boo t o be

.

f o u n d i n C h i n a i n cl u d e d u n der th e ge n era B a m bu s a A mm a i
, ,
’

fl a ria ,
a nd P/ z ll os f a c/
y z s
y is d o u btless v ery large R,
i v i ere .

e n u m erates t w e n ty th ree c o m i n g f ro m t h e regi o n of H o ng k o n g

-

a n d C a n to n a l o n e T h e largest ba m boos are fo u n d i n H u peh

.
,

S z e c h u a n a nd C h ek i a n g
,
M arco Pol o made m e n t i o n o f t h e
.

l ar ge o n es of t h e l ast n a m ed prov i n c e A n i n terest i n g ba m boo .

i s th e P lzy l l os za c/z s m
y
‘

lg r a w h i c h is a d warf a nd h as a black
,

s te m . A ttai n i n g to n o t m ore t h a n th e h e i gh t o f a m a n i t i s ,

c ut d ow n a n d u sed for wa l k i n g st i c k s a n d parasol h a n d les -

.

O w i n g t o th e fac t th a t th e ba m boo flow ers a n d fr u i ts o n l y

o n c e i n fro m t h irt y to s i x ty y ears v e ry l i ttle ha s bee n d o n e i n ,

C h i n a as y e t t owards i ts syste m a t i c c lass i fi c a t i o n R ath er m ore .

h as bee n d o ne i n J a pa n b u t eve n th ere t h i s w ork i s st i l l far

,

fro m c o m pl ete Th e f? 5— .
2 (Ch u p u
1
Trea tise o n B a m boos
“

-
‘
,
“

w h i c h w as p u bl i sh ed i n th e 3 rd or 4 t h c e n t u ry i s a n i n terest ,

i ng a n d tolerabl y C o m plete acc o u n t of th e ba m boo t h e n a m es ,

64 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A MED I C A .

C h il dre n a nd ot h e r er u pt i o n s T h e root i s cool i ng a nd i s us ed .

i n fe vers Th e b a rk is u sed i n de cocti o n for th e c u re of h e m

.

o rr h a ge fro m th e blad der w h ile t h e sa p is used i n u l cerated

,

sore m o uth oph t h al m i a a nd t ooth a c h e

,
Th e K a n c h u root
,
.
-

( spe c i es u n k n o w n) i s sai d to q u i et t h e u ter u s a n d t o be u se fu l

i n post part u m fe ver
-
The bark o f t h e K ue i c h u i s th e o n l y
.
-

p ar t u sed a n d t h is o n l y i n d e c o c t i o n as a febri fu ge
, Th e sap .

o f th e T z u c h u is als o u sed i n fevers a n d r h e u m at i c a ff e c t i o n s

‘
-
.

Th e sap i s prepared by h eat i n g sh ort pieces o f ba m boo w h e n ,

i t ex u d es fro m t h e c u t e nds a nd is col le c ted A l l t h e for ms o f .

ba m boo sh oot are co n sidered cool i n g to t h e bl ood I t i s sai d .

t h at i f the y are ea te n t ogeth e r w i t h sh eep s l i ver bl i n d ness w i l l ’

,

res u l t They are gi ve n to s u c k l i n g m oth ers t o i n crease th e fl ow

.

o f m i l k a n d so m e k i n ds are th o u gh t t o i n crease al l o f t h e secre

,

t io n s of t h e bod y T h e sh oots fro m t w o k i n ds of ba m boo t h e

.
,
”
HIS i ? ( T ao c h u
f ‘
peach ba m boo ) a n d t h e 3131] fi ( C h i h c h u
“ '
- -
, ,

B a m bu s a sfi zn os a ) are c o n sidered t o be sl i g h tl y poi so n o u s

’

,
Th e .

fi rs t i s u sed as a w ash for m aggots o n cattl e a n d t h e seco n d h as

n o m ed i c a l u s e b ut w h e n eate n i t is t h o u g h t to ca u se t h e h a ir
,

t o fal l o u t .

The excresce n ces w h i c h grow o n t h e ba m boo are m e n ti o n ed

i n th e P é n tra o O ne co m es u po n t h e T z u c h u i n th e for m o f
‘
‘ -
.

a deer h or n is cal led 16 E ( C h u j u ) a n d i s ed ibl e Th e oth er

,
-
,
.
,

w h i c h gro ws u po n th e K u C h u i s call ed 14 [fl ( C h u j u) a nd i s ‘ -
,
-
,

c o n s i dered to be v ery poi so n o us Th is l atter l ooks l i k e a .

l i c h e n a n d i s a n th el m i n ti c
,
Th e for m er is u sed i n d yse n tery . .

T h e fi rs t l ea ves ( c a l le d fig t o ) o f t h e T z E c h u are used i n

‘
,
‘ -

d eco c t i o n as a was h for scal d h ead a nd ot h er u l cero u s er u pt io n s -

of C h i ldre n A s m a l l m o u n tai n ba m boo call ed H

.
] g 1? ,
7

( S h a n
-
pa i c h u ) is
-
i n ci n era ted a
,
n d th e as h u sed as a n esc h aroti c

i n ca n c er E xpl od i n g ba m boos by fi re is u sed to dr i ve a way

.

e vi l spir i ts a nd m o u n tai n spri tes T h e fr ui ts o f th e ba mboo .

e nl i ve n th e a n i m al sp i r i ts a n d be n e fi t th e respi ratory orga n s .

Th e s ili ca c e o u s co nc re tio n cal led Ta ba s fi eer fo u n d i n t h e ,

oi ts o f l arge ba m boos is also sed i n C hi n ese m ed i ci n e I t

j n u ,
.

i s c a l led 1? fig ( C h u h u a n g ) a n d 35 14 fi ( T ie n c h u h u a n g )
”
‘
“ “

- - -
,

21 1 . Th e C h i n ese d id n o t probabl y d er i ve th e s u bsta n ce

or i gi nal ly fro m I n d ia b u t i t i s poss i bl e th a t th e k n owledge o f
,

i ts m ed ic i n al uses were deri v ed fro m t h at co u ntry w here i t h as ,

 V EGE T AB L E K I NGDOM . 65

bee n h eld i n h igh estee m fro m v ery earl y t i mes H e n ce t h e .

se c o n d n a m e gi ve n above I t is m e t w i th i n h ard brok e n

.
, ,

a n g u lar pie c es u s u al l y O paq u e as s m ooth as porcel ai n o f a

, , ,

w h i tish o r bl uis h v itreo us col or eas i l y brok e n a n d us u al ly , ,

s c e n ted w i t h s o m e per fum e I t absorbs oi l a n d th ereby b e

.
,

c o m es tra nspare n t W he n th e oi l h as bee n agai n drive n a wa y

.

by hea t th e i n ter n al s tr u ct u re o f t h e c o n c re tio n be c o m es

,

appare n t s h o w i n g i t t o be m ost bea u t i fu l l y vei n ed Ta ba s /

,
zeer .

h as th e l o wes t re frac t i ve po wer o f a ll k n o wn s u bsta n ces I t is .

m ade U p al m ost e n tirel y of s i l ica ; t h ere be i n g so m et i m es a

v ary i n g a m o u n t o f po tash l i m e i ro n a nd ve getable m atter
, , , .

I t c a n th ere fore h ave pra c ti c al l y n o m ed i c a l v i r t u es B ut t h e .

C h i n ese tr u e to th e ir i deas o f i ts m ysteri o us orig i n prescri be

, ,

i t i n ac u te c h ore i c c o n v u ls i ve a n d e p il epti for m d i seases o f

, ,

c h i l d re n as w el l as i n apopl exy a n d para l ys is

,
I n I n d i a i t is .

be l i e ved t o h a ve st i m u l a n t a n d a ph rod i s i ac q u al i ties Th e d r u g .

i s u s u all y ad u l te ra ted i n C h i n a w i t h bo n e eart h a nd o th er

s u bs ta n ces A s i m i lar s ubs ta n ce h as bee n fo un d i n j u ng le grass
. .

B A RK H AU SI A R E P E N S —§ g $5 : 5 g ( H u h u a n g l ie n) , .
- -

482 . Th is is th e ide n ti fi ca ti o n o f D e C a nd oll e Lo u re iro cal ls ,

I t is a forei g n d r u g c o mi n g fro m th e
'

i t P lan s r ep e/l s .
,

co u n try o f fig ( K u k o nor) w h ere i t is ca lled El] BK a ( 5

,
5
2 ( K0 3

k u l n tsé )
- -
A s is us ual l y th e case w i t h fore i g n dr u gs T a o
.
,
‘

H u n g c h i n g says th a t i t c o m es fro m Persia w h i c h is th e so u rce

-
,

o f ma ny th o ugh n o t q u i te a l l o f t h e d r u gs i n trod u c ed i n to
,

C h i n a fro m t h e w est Li S h i h C h e n says t h a t th e best q u al i ty

.
-

of th e root h as a t o p rese m bl i n g t h e b i l l o f a bi rd a nd w he n ,

c u t th e cross se c ti o n rese m bl es th e ev e o f t h e m y n a h
, He .

a lso says th at t h e s h ooti n g pla n t rese m bles t ha t of B r u nel l a

T h e d ri ed root as m e t w i t h i n t h e sh ops i s i n
’

v u lg a r zs .
, ,

irreg u l ar taperi ng co n tor ted pieces v ary i ng fro m o ne to t w o

, , ,

i n c h es i n l e n gth a n d abo ut th e si ze o f a l ead pe nci l Th e .

c u ticle i s dar k bro wn o r bl ack i sh h av i ng t u bercles a nd ot h er , ,

w i se i rreg ularl y w ri n k led a nd marked I t has a h ay l i k e .

-

od or a n d a n exceed i n gl y b i tter taste Th e P é i zts a o says th a t .

i f th e dr u g i s tr u e a s m ok e l i ke d u st sh o u l d c o me fro m th e
,
-

i n teri or of th e root w h e n i t i s fra c t u red T he d r u g is n o w sai d .

to be prod u c ed i n N a n h a i a nd also i n S h e nsi a nd K a ns u , .

 66 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

To n i c astri n ge n t a n t i peri od ic a n ti febri le al tera tive a nd

, , , , ,

res ol ve n t proper ties are attr i b u ted to th i s dr u g a nd i t i s ,

spec ia l ly reco m m e n ded i n th e J fi‘ ( K a n ) d i se a se o f c h ildre n ,

w h i c h i s s tr u m a or m ar a s m u s d u e t o exh a ust i n g d isch a rges .

A s a n exter n al a ppl i c at i o n i t is us ua ll y m i xed w i th goose gal l

, ,

i n w h i c h fo r m i t is appl i ed t o every for m o f h e m orrh o i d as

,

w el l as t o ca n c ero u s sores I t h as a great rep u tati o n i n t h e .

trea t m e n t of d yse n t ery .

B A S E LL A R U B RA é? ( L o k u e i i a nd .
555( C h u n g - ‘

k ue i ) I t i s also called
‘
.
3§ ( T é n g t w i n i n g m al l ow‘ “
,

a n d i ts c o m m o n n a m e i s 5 H
fig $ 2 as; ( u y en ch ih ) Th e E nd - -
. .

d h i s ts cal l i t if?“ i it ( Y u I n th e E r / z a th e n a m es are

“

a
y
-

fig 3 2 F a n l u l a nd
fi C h e ng lu) O th er a m es are ya$3?
‘
7 ( -
( n -
.

( J a n ch i a n g t z u ) a n d EL ] H E; if; ( Y e n c h i h
’
- -
K A t Pe k i n g -

t h e pla n t i s c u l ti vated u n d er th e n a m e o f H E ] H E
; E ( Yen ch ih -

tou) . Th e pl a n t is l argely c u lt ivated a n d th e leaves wh i c h , ,

are cool i n g a nd m ucila g i n o us are eate n w i th fi s h a n d oth er ,

m ea ts Th e berr ies are p u rpl e i n col or a n d h av e a red j u i c e

.
, ,

w h i c h is u sed as a ro u ge fo r t h e fa c es a n d l i ps o f lad ies a n d ,

also as a d y e T he m ed i c i nal vi rt u es a r e n o t great th e leaves

.

bei ng used as a d e m u l c e n t i n i n tes t i n a l t ro u bl es a n d t h e berr i es ,

as a n e m ol i e nt a nd a pig m e n tary add i tio n t o facial cos m eti cs

, .

B E G O N I A D I SC O L O R or B E G O N I A E V A N S I A N A , .

C h i h a i t a ng ) a n d g
fl $5 i ( 7
‘
5 C h hai
‘
} i
‘
u - -
( u n -

A n oth er n a m e gi ve n i s [5 5H 5
} Iéj ( T u a n c h a n g b u t th i s -
‘

i s m ore espe c i all y u sed for Gels em zu m e l eg m zs ( w h i ch see )

’

T h e d escripti o n gi ve n i n th e P é ts a o o f t h i s fol ia ge pl a n t
n ” “

is a fairl y g ood o ne B u t i n regard to i ts m ed i ci n al proper ties

.

i t says t h at i nas m u ch as th e pl a n t grows by pre f ere n c e i n cool

sh ady places t h ere fore i ts n at u re m u st be cool i n g a nd i t i s
, ,

speci all y reco m m e n ded fo r fevers Th e j u i ce extracted fro m .

t h e lea ves a nd fl owers i s c o nsid ered e m o l i e n t a nd a d ded t o ,

h o ney is used as a fa c ial c os m et i c a n d as a n a ppl i c a t i o n t o ,

r i n gwor m a nd oth er paras i ti c d iseases o f t h e sk i n Th e j ui c e .

ex pressed fro m t h e stal k i s u sed i n sore m o uth a nd th roa t .

A n y u s e of t h e root h a s appare n tl y n o t bee n th o u gh t o f by t he

C h i nese ; t h ey h a v i ng h ad the ir i n terest attrac t ed by t h e flesh y
 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDOM . 67

a nd sh o wy leav es a nd fl o wers ; th e l atter bei ng eq u al l y u sed

w i t h t h e for m er i n t h e preparat i o n of po m ad es B u t i n as .

m u c h as th e root h as properties s i m i lar t o t h os e o f r h u ba r b ,

i t has bee n s u g gested t h a t i t m a y be u sed as a s u bsti t u te

fo r t h is d r ug .

B E N I N C A S A C E R IF E RA [Ii ( T u n g —
k u a) . O th e r .

n a m es , E] m ( Pa i k .u a ) 7 k-
2 ( Sh u i
,
ch i h ) a nd
‘

2 T l C h lh )
-
, m l -
.

Th is is t h e l arge W/ G ou r d o f I n d i a w h i c h i s m u c h
'

‘
zzze ,

c u l t ivated th ro u gh o ut C h i n a I ts s u rface i s u s u al l y covered

.

w i t h a w axy e x ud ati o n by w h i c h i t is d ist i ngu is h ed i n n a m e

,

i n n earl y e very la n g ua ge Th e flesh t h e p u l p t h e seeds a nd

.
, , ,

t h e ri n d ( 1 3 9 2 ) are al l used i n m ed i c i n e Th e fles h i s c o n .

s i d e re d to be s wee t a n d sl igh tl y c ool i n g I t is re c o m m e nd ed .

f o r th e rel ie f o f th irs t a n d as a d i u ret i c I t is co n s i dered cool .

i n g i n fevers a n d i f ”
,
prick l y h ea t i s r u bbed w i t h a fres h l y
“

c u t sl ice o f th i s s u bsta n ce i t i s a s u re rel ie f Th e p u l p is

,
.

regarded as d e m u l ce n t bot h fo r i n ter n al a n d ex ter n al us e It .

i s added t o ba th s fo r th e treat m e n t o f pi m p les a n d pr i c k l y h ea t .

I t i s also regard e d as d i u re ti c a n d is used i n t h e trea t m e n t o f ,

gravel . T h e seeds 1 3 9 1 o f w h i c h t h e ker n els o n l y see m to

, ,

be u sed are regarded as d e m u l c e n t a n d u nd er prol o n ged u s e

, ,

are t h o ugh t to be t o n i c preve n ti n g h u n ger a n d prol o n g i n g

,

l i fe
. The y are a lso used i n c os m e t i c appl i c ati o ns t o th e sk i n
i n si m ple er u pti o ns A fa mo us prescr i pti o n i s th e u se o f t h ese
.

seeds i n ci n era ted a nd take n i n ter n al l y f o r t h e treat m e n t o f

g o n orrh oea ! T h e i n ci n e ra t ed r i n d is ad m i n istered i n case o f

p ai n fu l w o unds .

B E RB E R I S T H U N B E R G I I 52 ( H siao p o )
“

I t is .
-
.

a lso cal led g ( Tz u p o ) a n d [ 1] E

”
( S h a n s h i h li u )
-
m - -
,
“
m o u n ta i n po megra n a te I t h as a bi tter y el l o w bark a nd
.

red berries Th e bra n c h es are u sed for dye i n g y e l l o w

. Th e .

root d oes n o t see m t o be u sed fo r th is p u rpose a l th o ug h ,

d o u btl ess i t i s as wel l adap ted as t h e E u ropea n B er ber zs

'

'

v u l a r zs
g Th .e bark i s th e par t u sed I t i s re gard ed a s very .

cool i n g a nd i s th ere fore pres c r i bed i n fevers

, I ts a n th e l m i n ti c .

a n d a n t i se pti c properties are a lso h ig h l y estee m ed a nd i t i s ,

prescr i bed i n m e n orrh agia .

68 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

"
B E T A V U LG A R I S i
x ( T ie n
"

g a? ( C h un
‘
.

ta a nd w : ( T i n 23 ‘
3 T h i s i s t h e o rd i n a r v
c

w h i te s u gar bee t w h i c h grows i n C h i n a I t i s n o t m e n ti o n e d .

i n t h e P én ts a o n or d oes i ts m ed i c al V irt ues see m t o h ave bee n

,

st u d i ed Th is see m s s urpris i n g c o n sid er i ng t he fac t t h at i ts

.
,

sacch ari n e q u al i ties are i n d i ca ted i n th e n a m e .

B E TUL A A L B A —t? ( H u a mu) or $3 ( H u a mu

) - -
,

498 . T h is i s t h e Wh i te B i r c h tree w h i c h grows c o m m o n l y

i n t h e m o u n tai n s o f N orth er n C h i n a Th e bar k i s u sed by .

C h i n ese sad d lers sh oe m a k ers c ut lers a nd c a n d l e m akers w h o

, , ,
-
,

t u r n i ts ta n n i n g o r fa t ty pri n c i pl es t o a c co u n t i n th ei r severa l
tra d es . Th e bark m a y also be u sed for tor c h es T he d r u g i s .

u sed i n de c o c ti o n fo r j a u nd ice a n d b i l i o u s fevers a nd th e ,

i nc i n erated bark is u sed as a n appl icati o n i n m a mm ary ca n cer

a n d rode n t u lcer I t i s also o ne o f t h e s u bsta n ces u sed t o dy e
.

t h e w h iskers w h i ch d e ve l opi n g l ate i n l i fe i n t h e C h i nese are

, , ,

ap t t o soo n t u r n grey or redd is h bro w n -

.

B I D E N S P A RV I FL OR A — §fi gg g fi ( K u ei ch e n ts a o ) .
- - ‘

”
T h i s i m p s need l e grass i s a spec i es o f Sp en d s /
’
z n e ed l e s .

I n t h e so u th i t i s c al le d 5
a 52 ( K u e i i m p s h airpi n
,
’
.

Th e o nl y p u rposes for w h ic h t h i s i s pres c r ibed are i n b ites o f ,

spiders s n akes a nd scorp i o ns a n d i n th e u n h eal th y gra n ul a

, , ,

ti o ns o f w o u nds Th e j u ice is ex pressed fro m th e fres h pla n t

.
,

a n d bot h ad m i n istered i n ter n a lly a n d appl i ed ex ter n al l y .

B I D E N S T R I P AR TIT A — fi if}: ii ( La n g p a .
-

Th e ch ara c ters are also w r i tte n EB %E T h i s h as three l obed .

-

lea ves a n d a t w o a w n ed a c h e n e I t grow s i n t h e m arsh es o f .

elevated regi o n s I t a ff ords a bl a c k dye w h i c h is u sed for

.
,

c ol ori n g th e w h iskers A d eco c t io n o f th e pla n t is specia l l y

.

reco mm e nded i n th e t reat m e n t of ch ro n i c d yse n tery a nd as a ,

w as h t o t he sk i n i n t h e treat m e n t o f c h ro n ic e c ze m a .

B I G N O N I A G RAN D IFL O RA — f§§ fi ( Tz u wei ) F2 g .

-
,

a n d 22 E: ( E ( L i n g h s i a o h u a ) T h is is a bea ti
Li g 5
”

( n u - - .

ful cl i m bi ng pl a n t w h i c h i s m u c h c u l t i vated i n gard e ns

,

th r ough o u t C h i na A t Pek i n g i t is k n ow n by t h e last n a m e

. .
 V EGE T A B L E K I NGDO M . 69

It is t h e sa m e as Te eo m a g r a n d zflo r a a n d L o ure i ro s Ca mp u s ’

a d r e en s
p Th e flo we rs l eav es sta l k a n d r oot are a l l u sed m ed i c i
.
, ,

n a ll y ; t h e fi rst n a m ed h a v i n g t h e pre fere n c e I t i s m os t largel y .

pres c r ibed fo r th e m e n str u a l d i seases o f w o m e n a n d th e a n mm ia ,

a nd m aras m u s w h i c h ofte n at te n d th ese P rolo n ged p ost .

part u m d i s c h arge als o c o m es i n to th i s l ist I t i s also u sed .

i n fevers a n d i n co m bi n a ti o n w i th G a r d en i a flor zd a fo r t h e
’

”
treat m e n t o f w i n e n ose .

B L E TI A H Y A C I N T H I N A — é $2 ( P a i c h i ) 9 3 5 Th is .
-
,
.

is a n orch id w i th V i ol et flo wers c u l t iva ted a t Pe k i n g u nd e r ,

t h e n a m e o f 55 715 ( L a n h u a ) T he b ul b is q u i te m u c i l
"
-
.

l a gi no us a n d a th i n paste m ade of i t is so me ti m es m ixed w i t h

,

I n d ia i nk t o giv e a gl oss to wr i ti ng or d ra w i n gs d o n e w i th i t .

I t i s also used i n th e prepara ti o n o f a secre t i n k ; t h e pape r

w h ich has bee n w r i tte n u po n be i ng a fterward s d i pped i n to
wa ter a nd h eld u p t o t h e l ig h t I t i s also u sed by th e m a n u .

”
fa c t urers of c h i n a a nd of cl o i so n n és T h e rh i zo m e i s
“
.

m e t w ith i n th e sh ape o f fla tt i s h i rreg u l arl y o val h ol l o w , ,

d isks um b i l i c ated o n o n e s u r face a n d h av i n g proj e cti n g ra y s a t

, ,

t he circ u m fere n c e T h e l ower c o nv ex s urfa ce is po i n ted by a

.

ce n tral t u ber c le a nd m ark ed w i t h ri n gs A grea t v ariety o f .

irreg ul ar tri rad iated a n d oth e r sha pes o f th ese t u bers are m e t
,
-
,

w it h i n so m e sa m ples T h e i n teri or is a m y l aceo us tra n sl u c e n t

.
, ,

h ard a nd w h i te i n col or a n d h as a g u m m y bi tterish taste

, , ,
.

I t is co nsidere d de mu l c e n t a n d is u sed i n th e d iseases o f ch i l

,

d re n espe c i all y th ose o f a dysp epti c c h ara c ter as w el l as i n

, ,

d yse n ter y h e m orrh oids a n d ag ue

,
I t h as m uch rep u t e i n th e
, .

tr eat m e n t o f b u r n s w o u n ds a nd ot h er i nj u ries a n d also i n

, , ,

v ario u s k i n ds o f sk i n d iseases .

B LU M E A B A LS A M I F E RA ( A i n a h sia n g .
—32 m - -
‘
.

Th is i s t h e i d e n t i fi c at i o n o f Faber al th o u gh th e a c c o u n t gi ve n ,

i n t h e P en t s a o i s n o t c lear i n m a n y par t i c u l ars T h e p la n t i s .

n o t d escr i bed a n d w hat is said ev id e n tl y re fers t o th e s t e a r e o p

,

t en . I t i s re c o m m e n ded i n t h e trea t m e n t o f fevers a n d as a

corre c t i ve o f mi a s m atic va pors A n th e l m i n t i c q ua l i t i es are als o
.

ascri bed to i t .
70 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

U n der th e n a m e o f Ng a zl ea mp b or “
a s tea re o pte n , ,

iso m er i c w i th B or n eo c a m ph or i s sa i d t o be extrac ted fro m th is

,

pl a n t . The greater par t o f t h i s s u bsta n c e w h i c h a ppears i n

C h i n ese co mm er c e see m s t o c o m e fro m t h e i sla n d o f H ai n a n
, .

I t is b ut l i ttle u se d i n N orth er n o r C e n tra l C h i n a probabl y o n ,

ac c o u n t o f i ts c os t ; i ts val u a t i o n a t T i e n tsi n be i n g placed a t

fi v e h u n dred H a i k u a n Taels a pi c u l w h i le th at of ordi n ary ,

l a u rel ca m ph or i s o n l y t wel ve Tael s I t c o mes i n th ree for m s .

y 7
5} ( A i fé n) 2 w h i c h i s th e cr u d e prod u c t
-
, , 32 H ( A i :

5 ,
t h e re fi n ed s u bst a n ce i n ca kes ; a n d
32 { fl } ( A i yu) 8 a by
-
, ,

prod u c t o f d ist i ll at i o n I t i s u sed i n t he so uth easter n prov i n c es

.
-

as a febri fuge a n d ca r m i n at i ve a nd i s h eld i n h i gh er rep u te ,

t h a n la u re l ca m ph or for al l p urposes for w h i c h th e latter is

u sed . H a n b u ry h as a n i n teresti n g n ote o n t h is s u bsta n c e i n h i s
S c ie n ce Papers i n wh i c h h e says th at i t is n ot o n l y used i n
,

m ed i c i n e b u t als o i n t h e m a nu fact u re o f t h e sce n te d k i n ds o f

,

C h i n ese i n k .

B CE H M E R I A N IVE A ( Ch u ma l .
—
i
5
§ 51i
T h is is t h e
"
r
‘ -
.

”
pl a n t fro m w h i c h is prod uced th e grass cl oth so ex te ns i v el y “
,

w or n t h ro u gh o u t C h i n a t h e fi ner q u al i ties o f w h ic h are n o t

,

despised by ladi es o f Wester n la nds I n t h e c lassi c s th e c h arac .

ter is w rit te n 35? ( C h u ) Prior t o th e e le ve n t h ce n t u ry t here is n o

.

record o f w h ere i t was prod u ced al th o u g h i t was k n o w n fr o m ,

a ncie n t t i m es as a tex til e pla n t S u s u n g w h o w rote i n t h e.

-
,

el eve n th ce n t ury sai d th a t i t was a t t h at ti me grow n i n

,

F u k i e n Szech u a n C h ek i a n g a nd K i a n gn a n L u c h i w h o
, , ,
.
-
,

l ived i n t h e t h i rd ce n t ury a n d w rote a book descri bi n g th e

,

pla n ts a nd a n i m als m e n ti o n ed i n th e B ook o f O des sa i d t h a t ,

t h e gover n m e n t t h e n raised t h e pla n t i n garde ns H e also .

descr i bed t he m a nn er o f prepara t i o n o f th e m aterial A n i ro n .

"
or ba m boo k n i fe was u sed to stri p o fl th e bark A fter th e t h i c k .

o u ter bar k was re m oved th e soft to ug h fi ber s o f th e i n n er

, ,

bar k were take n a n d bo i led a fter w h i c h t h e v w ere t w i sted i n to

,

t h read a n d t h is m a n u fac t u red i n to cl oth A t prese n t t h e fi bers .

o f th e stal ks are soaked i n a sol u t i o n of n at i ve soda beate n ,

a nd broke n u p w i th a rak e l i k e tool a nd h eated i n a d ry -

,

boil er . Th i s i s t h e n t w isted a n d m a n u fa c t u red i n to c l oth ,

”
w h i ch t he C h i n ese cal l 5 iii ( H sia p u ) s u m m er cl ot h
x In -
,
“
.
7
p C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

( To c h ia l o h si a n g ) fl: [fl i ( Tu l n h s ia n g) a n d g i }; i
- - -
,
s - -
,
f

— c o n d o f t h e a bove ter m s m a
( M o lé h
-
s i a ng
) Th e se .
y be th e
”
C h i n ese eq u i val e n t o f th e Sa n s c ri t tog a r a m ea n i n g per fu m e ,
“
,

a n d th e th i r d a n ada pta ti o n o f th e S a n scri t k m zd zzr zz w h i c h i s ,

t h e ter m by w h i c h ol i ba n u m was k n ow n i n th at la n g ua ge .

Li S h i h C h e n says t h a t i t i s so m eti m es a d u l terated w i th s t or a x

-
,

b u t a t th e prese n t ti m e tha t i s n o t probabl e as ol i ba n u m i s ,

mu c h m ore pl e n t i fu l a n d th ere fore c h e a per th a n for m erl y

, .

T h a t i t h as so m eti m es bee n co n fo u n ded w i th a n d poss i bl y ,

ad u l terated w i th s a n d a r a c is w e l l k n ow n t o \Ves te rn ph ar m a ,

c i sts Th e d r ug as i t a ppe a rs i n t h e C h i n ese m ark et i s i n t h e

.
, ,

u s u al for m o f pal e y el l ow oval partl y opaq ue br i ttle tears , , , ,

h av i n g t h e b i tter aro m a t i c taste a nd balsa m i c s m e l l c h ara c te r

, ,

i s t i c o f t h is s u bsta n c e V ery i n fer i or k i n ds are also fo u n d i n

.

t h e sh ops I t is used i n th e m a n u fa c t u re o f so m e sorts o f i n

.

ce n se Car m i n at i ve sedat i ve to n i c st i m u la n t al tera t iv e a s tri n

.
, , , , ,

ge n t a nd d i u ret i c properties are re ferred to t h is d r u g w h i c h is

, ,

u sed to so m e ex te n t i n m ak i n g pl asters a n d sal ves for d ressi n g

c arb u n c les a nd fo u l ch ro n i c sores I t i s u sed i n ter nal l y .

i n l eprosy a n d str u m a I nd ia n prac ti t i o ners h ave largel y

.

u sed i t as a re m ed y for c arb u n c l e as a n i n ter nal a ge n t ,

i n t h e treat m e n t o f go n orrh oea a n d as a fu m i ga ti o n i n l u n g ,

a ff e c t i o n s : S o m e Of t h e old er w ri ters re c o m m e n ded i t for

S per m atorrh oea a n d fo r certai n ves i ca l a n d u ri n ary d isorders ,
,

fo r w h i c h i t i s w or th a t rial .

B OYMIA R U T ZE C A R P A or E VO D I A R U TZE C A R P A .

£1 95 (W u - c h u - y il ) , 2 23 . T h i s is a s m a l l tree or sh r u b ,
be a r i n g s mal l p u rpl ish red flow ers a nd a fr u i t w h i c h a t fi rst i s
-

b ut w
,

y el l ow h e n i t i s r i pe t u r ns to a d ar k p u rpl e T h e P ef zts a o
, ,
.

sa y s th at for m erl y th e tree w as pl a n ted at th e s i d e o f a wel l so ,

th at th e l eaves m i gh t fal l i n to th e w ater To dri n k o f th e w a ter .

w a s c o n s i dered t o be proph y la c ti c agai n st c o n tag i o us d iseases .

T he fr u i ts w ere a l so h un g up i n th e h o u se t o w ard O ff e v i l
sp i r i ts Th e fr u i ts l eaves bra n c h es a n d root w i th th e w h i te
.
, , ,

r i n d a r e al l u sed i n m ed i c i n e
,
I n th e c a se o f th e fr u i ts as fo u n d
,
.

i n th e m arkets th e s m al l bl ack c arpels are u s u al l y se parated

,

fro m th e i r ped i c l es are fi v e i n n u m be r c l ose l y c o n n e c ted a nd

, ,

m ixed w i th t h e s c abro us s tal ks o f t h e u m bel la te i n floresce n ce .

 V EGE T A B L E K I N GDOM .
73

T h ey h a v e a war m bi t t er a nd aro m a t i c fla v o r T h e m ed ic a l
, , .

proper t ies at t ri b uted t o t hese are al m ost i nn u merab l e a m o n ,

w h ic h m a y be m e n t i o ned t he ir use as sti m u la nt car m i na t i v e, ,

s to m ach i c d eobstr ue nt as t ri n ge n t a nd a n th el m i n tic re med ie s

, , , .

They are eve n reco mme n ded for steri l i ty a nd barre nn ess A .

p iece o f a bra nc h i s u sed as a s upposi tory i n obstipa t io n Th e .

root a nd bark are used as as t r i nge n t a nd a nth el mi nt ic re med ie s ,

a nd i n th e t reat m e n t o f r h e uma t is m .

B RA S E N I A P E LT A T ACal led $ 352; ( S h un

. .

t s a i ) i n K i a ngna n w h ere i t is ea t e n as a vegetable

‘
,
I t is also .

”
cal le d 7k Si? ( S hu i w a t er m al l ow T h e ste m is
“
.

p u rple a n d m u c ilagi no us a nd i t a n d th e leaves o n t h e u nder,

s u r face are covered w i t h a v isc i d j el l y I t bears yel low fl owers .

a nd a gree n is h p u rple fr u it T h e p la n t i s good for feedi n g t o

.

p i gs a nd is th ere fore also cal led 55 E ( C h u s h un)

,
A l th o ugh -
.

i t i s n o t regarded as a t al l poiso n o us i t s co n ti nu ed u se i s th o ught ,

t o be deleterio us i nj uri ng t h e sto mac h d es t roy i ng t h e t eet h a nd

, ,

h air a nd prod u ci ng caries i n th e bo n es

,
I f ea t e n i n th e .

s eve n t h mo n t h w h e n i t i s l ia ble t o be w or m y i t is t h o ugh t to

, ,

prod u ce c h olera A s th e C h i n ese ea t i t ra w or b ut sl i ght l y

.
,

c ooked a nd as i t grows i n fi l th y po n ds a n d s t rea m s so me o f

, ,

t hese ev i l e ffec t s sai d t o arise fro m i t s i ngestio n ca n easi ly be

, ,

acco u n t ed for I t s m ed ical q ual i t ies are c o nsidered t o b e

.

a n t i t h er m ic a n th el m i n t i c a nd v u l n erary
,
I t is reco m me nd ed .

a s a local appl ica t io n i n ca n cer fa v u s a n d h e m orr h oids , , .

B RA S S IC A —N o t w i th s t a nd i ng th e fac t th a t th is ge nus
.

co ntai n s so me o f t h e bes t k n ow n a nd co mm o nes t garde n pla nts

o f C h i na th e i de n t i fi ca t io n s a n d n o m e n clat u re are i n a very
,
'

u n certai n state T h is is probabl y d ue to th e fac t th a t c u l ti v a

.

t io n h as ch a n ged th e species i n m a ny par t ic u lars a nd also th a t ,

m a n y of th e var ieties fo u n d i n C h i n a are d isti n ct fro m t h ose

f o u n d i n th e west B r a s s i ca ekzn em zs Q 312 ( Pa i
' '

. cal led ,

fig(: Sun i t h e P én ts a o is a m ost co mm o n v arie ty o f B r a s s zea

’

g ) n
,

ol e r a cea T h is ve getabl e is c o n sidered to be cool i ng a n d a n ti

.

v i no u s . I ts prol o nged a nd excessiv e use is th o ugh t t o be

sligh tly dele ter i o u s c a u si ng a n i tch i n g er u pti o n a nd ret a rdi ng
,

recovery f ro m d isease G i nger is a nt ido t al t o i t s de le t er io u s

.
 74 C H I NE SE M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

e ff ects I ts m ed ici n al u se i s reco mme nded i n fevers a nd t o

.

q u e n c h th e c ra v i n g for w i ne I t is also co nsidered t o be .

laxa ti ve a nd di u re ti c Th e seeds are u sed t o aro use a dead .

“

”
d runk a n d t h e o i l ex pressed fro m th e m
, w he n r ubbed o n th e ,

scalp is t h o u gh t to pro m ot e th e grow t h of h ai r

, .

g g ( Y ii n o th er w i se called yfi; j E ( Y u
I is ‘

u n d o u bted l y B r a ss zea r a a
p w h ich prod uces th e ith i t ( Yu ,

ts a i tz u fro m w h ic h t he gig Y
‘
rape
’
“
-
, d] ( Ts a i y u
‘ -
,
”
“
rape seed oi l ) is m a n u fac t ured I t also is cal led B r a s s zea
’

-
.

possi bl y o n acco u n t of i ts eco n o mi c pro m i n e n c e i n

th i s c o u n try Th e pl a n t i s th o ugh t t o h ave origi nal ly bee n
.

bro ugh t fro m M o ngoli a a nd for th is reaso n is al so cal led ,

( H u Th e o il a n d i ts m a n u fact u re are o f great c o m

m e rc ia l i m porta n ce t o t h ose porti o n s o f C h i n a i n w h ic h th is
pl a n t is c u l ti vated U n ti l th e i n trod u cti o n o f kerose n e t h is
.
,

o i l was t h e ch ea pes t a nd bes t i l l um i n a n t k n ow n t o th e C h i n ese .

I ts c ul i nary use was v er y great bei n g co ns idered i n fer i or , ,

h ow ever t o sesa mu m oi l for th is p u rpose

, Th e vegetable .
,

eate n i n th e spri ng wa s re garded as acr i d a n d cool i n g U n d er

,
.

cer tai n c o nd i ti on s i ts u se was sai d to be sl i gh tl y del eteri o us .

I n so m e cases i t prod uced sti ff ness o f t h e k n ees a n d th ose ,

al read y a ffl ic ted w i t h d i ffi c u l ties of t h e back or fee t w ere made

w orse by i ts u se Th e Ta oists c o un t i t as fi rst a m o n g t h e fi v e
.

i ( H u n) Th e expressed.
j u i ce o f t h e stal k a n d l eaves i s t h e

f or m i n w h i c h i t is u sed m edici n al ly I n th is wa y a n d als o .

,

s o m eti m es as a decocti o n i t is a ppl ied t o fo u l sores cake d , ,

breast ca n c er a nd s uc h l i k e
, ,
T h e expressed j u ice is also .

a d m i n istere d i n d yse n tery a nd bloody s t ools .

fi ( W u ch i n g ) oth er w ise k n
- o w n as g ( M an c h i ng )
,
-
,

i s B r a s s zea r ap a d ep r es s a th e rape t ur n ip I n t h e classics t h is

’

- -
.
,

i s cal led fl ( F é ngl Th e root leaves a n d s eed o f th i s pla n t

.
, ,

a re al l eate n T h e C h i n ese h av e no t i m pro v ed th is t ur n i p

.

m u c h by c u l ti vati o n as both root a nd leaves re m a i n bi tter a n d,

p u nge n t T h e c o n t i n ued u se o f th is v egetabl e is c o nsidered t o

.

b e l ess d eleter i o u s th a n t h e y zm a n d m a n y o f i ts m ed i c i n a l

u ses are ide n ti c al w i th th ose o f th e l a tter pla n t Its proper t i es .

are cool i n g a n d a n t i v i n o us Th e seeds are co nsidered to be

-
.

d i ure t i c a nd co n str u c tive Wo m e n are espec ial ly re c o mm e n ded .

to u se t h e m Th e o i l expressed fro m t h e m is added t o cos metic

.
 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDOM .
75

a ppl ica t i o ns for t h e face a nd a ppl ied t o th e h air res t ores i ts ,

color a n d vi tal i ty 35 ( M ch i g ) i N orth C h i n a i th e

“

a n n n -
s
2:
-
.
2

k ohl rabi B r a s s zea ol er a cea ea zzl or ap a I t is also s u ggested

’

- .

eg $ C h ieh m c h i g ) or k Z }:
( Ta ch ie h ) m a y be a
t h at 5 ( n -

L n -
a p
-

C h i nese variet y of t h e r u tabaga B r a s s zca ca mp es l r zs r zzta bag a

' '

.
,

The m u stards al t h o ug h o f i de n ti ca l ge nu s w i t h th e
,

cabbages w i l l be c o nsidered u n der th e al ter nat iv e ter m S zzzap i s

’

( w h ic h see ) .

B RO U S S ON E TI A P A P Y R IF E RA — t§ $53 $3 .

( K u-
s h u ) Th i s.is th e a e r m u lé er ry
p p a very co m m o n tree i n -
,

C h i na a n d j a pa n I t is of q u i c k growth h as a soft w ood w h ic h

.
, ,

is used t o m ak e v essels o f v ar i o u s sorts a nd bears a gl ob u lar ,

red fr ui t w h i c h i s so m eti m es ea t e n by ch i ld re n Th e ach e nes

,
.
,

w h ic h are s m al l r o u n d seed l ik e bod ies c al led 15 3 E 1

? ( C h ‘
,
u -
,

sh i h tz ii ) 2 2 4 are of a brigh t re d col or a nd as fo un d i n t h e

-
, , ,

s h ops are m u c h brok e n T hey are m u c ilag i n o us to th e tas t e

,
.
,

a n d are bel i eved t o be t o n i c a n d i n v igora ti n g Th ey are also .

cal led $2 {a ( K u sh i h ) a nd $5 ibis ( C h u -

Th e lea ves are ‘

regarded as d i u retic a n d astr i n ge n t T h ey are reco mm e nde d .

i n fl u xes a n d i n go n orrh oea A d ecoct i o n O f th e t w i gs i s u se d .

i n er u pt io n s a n d t he j u ice e xtracted f ro m th ese i s g ive n i n

,

a n u ria D ecoct i o n s o f t h e bark are u sed i n as c i tes a nd

.

m e n orrh a gia T h e resi no us sap fo u n d i n th e bark i s used as a

.

v ul nerary a nd i n w o u n ds a nd i n sec t bi tes

,
C oarse c lot h a nd .

p aper are m ade fro m th e l iber o f t h is tree .

B R U N E LL A ( P R U N E LL A ) V UL GAR I S - E
— ”
g .
m
( H si a k u -
T h i s is th e co mm o n kea l a l l o f Europe
“

"
a n d A m erica I t grows i n sw a m py a nd we t places , h as a
.

n earl y sq ua re stal k g rows abo u t t wo fee t h i gh,

a n d bears a ,

S m al l pa le p urple flo wer i n spi k es

,
-
T h e sta l k a nd l eaves are .

th e parts u sed a n d t h e dr ug is c o nsid ere d as cool i n g

,
I t is .

th ere fore u sed i n fevers a nd al so as a n a nt i r h e um at i c a l t era ,

-
,

t i ve a n d to n i c re med y
, .

B U D D L E I A OF F I CI N A L I S fi X
E ( M i m en g h u a
) r
- - -
,

843 Th is i s a sh r ub o f th e n at ural order S cr op l ml a r zn ee

'

.
,

w h ic h bears a m ost bea ut i fu l flower cal led by th e B ud d h i st s ,

76 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

7K $5 W
"

: ( S»h u i ch
-
i n h u a) or w
-
atered sa
,
t i n brocade flow er - - -
.

I t m a y be th at th i s i s i de n ti ca l w ith B u d d l eza n ee m d a o f I n di a
’

I t i s said to grow i n t h e r i ver val leys of Szech ua n a n d t h e ,

co mm ercia l prod u ct co mes fro m K a ns uh a nd S h e n si Th e .

fl owers are prepared by bei ng soaked i n a m ix t ure o f w i n e a nd

h o ney for t h ree days a nd t h e n d ried ,
T h ey are us ed al m ost .

ex c l usi vel y for th e trea t m e n t of d iseases o f th e ey e especial l y ,

opac i ties o f th e cor nea W h e t h er th e bea ut y of t h e flow er

.

deter mi nes t h is u se or n ot i t i s h ard t o say ,

T h ey are al s o .

th o ugh t t o a ff ec t th e l i v er .

B U D D L E I A C U RV I F L OR A fi a ( Ts u i yu .
-

I 3 57 A lso called F3?) fi 715( N ao yii h ua ) A s i t s na m e i m pl ies

.
- -
.
,

i t is used fo r stup i fyi ng fi sh a n d i n t h i s respect rese mbles ,

B ap/me g en / éwa ( w h i c h see ) Th e flowers a nd l ea v es are

.

u sed i n m ed ici n e i n th e t rea t m e n t of catarr h al d i ffi c u l t ies , fi sh

poiso ni ng t o d issol v e fi sh bo nes i n th e th roat a n d for c h ro n i c

, ,

m ala r ial p oiso n i ng w i th e n lar ged splee n .

B U PL E U RU M F A LC A T U M a nd B U P L E URU M
O CT ORA D I A TU M EE fig ( — . T z u h u ) or g;
“
( C h a i h u )
‘
1 6 - ‘ -
, .

B o th species h ave y el l ow fl owers g o by t he sa m e C h i nese ,

n a m es a n d are n o t d is t i n gu is h ed i n t h e C h i n es e book s
, 113 is .

sai d to be a n a n cie n t wa y of wri ti ng Th e pla n t i s f o un d

ri n c i p a l ly i n th e n ort h er n pro v i n ces Yo u n g w h ite sh oo t s
p .
,

wh ich spri ng u p i n th e spr i n g a nd a u t u m n m a y be eate n Th e , .

old pl a n t is u sed for fi re wood T h e roo t stock is t h e part

-
.
-

u sed i n m ed ici n e I t s m ed i c i n al q u a l i t ies are co nsidered t o be

.

esse n tiall y febri fuge deobs tr u e n t a n d car m i n ati v e

,
I t is u sed
,
.

i n fl a t u le n ce a nd i ndiges t i o n i n colds a n d co u ghs m u sc ular

, ,

pai ns a nd cra m ps a m e norr h oea th oracic a nd abdo mi na l

, ,

i nfla m ma t i ons , p uerperal fe v ers a nd i n ac u t e d iarr h oea ,

.

B UX U S S E M P E RV I R E N S .
ta 7 k ( H u a n g -y a n g

m u) . T h is i s t h e ord i nar y é ox wo od ,
w h i ch i s u sed for m ak i ng
c o m bs w oode n bow ls a nd pri n ti n g blocks
, ,
T h e tree is o f .

v ery slo w grow t h is e vergree n a n d th e w ood is so fi n e gra i n ed

, ,

t h a t i t m a y be co nsidere d as al m ost gra i n less I t i s said n ot .

t o grow d uri ng th e i n t ercalary m o o n of t h e Ch i n ese y ear A .

 VEGE T AB L E K I NGDOM .
77

softer k i n d O f w ood cal led ma ng o w ood i s u sed by N i n gpo

,
-
,

carvers fo r t h e fi ne i m age w ork w h i c h t h ey d o I t m a y be

.

fro m t h is t ree or fro m a d i ff er e n t spec i es

,
T h e ori gi n a l
.

h abi ta t of t h e t ree is n o t re c orded b u t i t i s n ow larg el y

,

c ul ti v ated bot h for co mm erci a l p urposes a nd for or na m e nta l

use . The lea f i s t h e part u sed i n m ed ic i n e A s t h e pla nt
.

i s said to be free fro m t h e el e m e n t o f fi re th e lea v es are

,

a ss u m ed t o be cool i n g i n th ei r n a t u re T h ey are prescri be d

.

i n d i ffi c u l t labors bei n g s u pposed t o i n d u ce exp uls i v e e ff or t s

, .

Th e ord i nary t oi let co mbs o f w o me n bei ng made o f t h is w ood

, ,

a re o fte n t u r ned to acco u n t as a read y d o m est ic re m ed y ; th e

i n ci nera t ed w ood bei ng u sed i n t h e sa me wa y as are th e leaves .

T h e pow dered lea v es are r ubbed on pr ick l y h ea t a nd s umme r

b oi ls .
78 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

C ZE S A L P I N IA M I NA K — Z f g ( Sh i h l ie n} . Th is i s -
.

t h e cl ass i fi c ati o n o f H a n ce a n d Faber Th e pl a n t h as n o t .

bee n fo u n d m e n t i o n ed i n th e P ei zl s a o o r a n y oth er C h i nese

w ork c o n s u l ted Its seeds appear i n t h e C usto m s l ists ( 1 1 53 )
.

as a n article o f co m m er c e ; b u t w h a t t heir med ical uses ma y

be w e h ave n ot bee n abl e to lear n
,
.

C ZE S A L P I N IA P ULC H E RR I M A — l§ E} H % ( P eng .
‘ ,

h u a ng 3 4 3
0 EL TE ( C
,
h i n —
fen g h u a) Th e fi rst ter m -
.

i s gi ve n i n t h e C u sto m s l ists for a root th a t i s prod u ced i n

K u a n gt u n g Th e seco n d ter m is a J apa n ese ide n ti fi ca t i o n
. .

Th e pla n t h as no t bee n fo un d m e n ti o n ed i n th e P én tsa o I ts .

m ed ical u ses h ave n ot bee n ascer tai n ed .

C ZE S A L P I N I A S A P P A N —fi 1j§ 7k ( S u fa ng mu) T h is
.
- -
.

i s th e tree w h i ch fur n ish es t h e S appa n w ood S app a n wood or , ,

B u k k u m w ood t o c o m m erce I t c o mes largel y fro m th e i sla n d

.

of S u mbawa w h i c h bel o n gs to th e E as t I nd ies l y i n g eas t of

,

J a v a Th e isla nd als o prod uces th e m os t v al uabl e tea k tree

.
,

as wel l as th e ta mar i nd Th e C h i nese n a m e o f t h e w oo d

.

u n der co nsiderati o n as w el l a s th e w ord sappa n are do u b t les s

, ,

der i ve d f ro m th e n a m e o f t h is i sl a n d T h e w o od also i s .

i m ported fro m Sia m M a lays ia a nd I n d ia a n d i s sa i d t o h ave

, , ,

bee n grow n i n K u a n gt u ng a n d K u a n gs i I t s co mm o n n a m e .

is fi ( S u m u l -
I t c o n tai n s m u c h gal l ic a n d ta nn i c ac ids
.
,

a n d is a n excel le n t s u bsti t u te for l og w ood al t h o u g h m u c h ,

w ea ker A n extrac t ma y be m ade fro m i t T h e for m i n w h i c h

. .

t h e s u bsta n ce appears i n t h e C u sto m s list i s t h at of a coarse

powder or sa w d ust cal l ed Bi , $5 ( S u m u 1 201 -
.

S i n ce i t d yes a red col or t h e C h i n ese co n si d er t h at i t h as a

,

spec ia l a fi n i ty for t h e bl ood I t is t h ere fore prescr ibed i n

.

w o u n ds ,
he morrh ages a n d d ist u rba n c es of t h e m e n str ual
,

f u n cti o n I t is also reco m m e nded as a sedat i ve a nd i n fl uxes

. .

C E S A L P I N IA S E P I A RI A g ( Y u n sh i h ) T h i s .
-
.

i s a cl i mbi n g sh r ub a n d t h e C h i n ese recog n ise i ts cl os e

,
 O C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

n a mes g i v e n for i t i n t h e P é n t s a o are 2 g ( K o l i u) a nd

1, fig E
‘ -

( K o
‘
w h ich are probabl y t ra n sl i terat io n s o f so m e foreig n
ter m T h e tree is sai d t o rese m ble t h e B a ls a moa ena r on
.
’ ’

my r r / za Th e abo v e C h i n ese n a m es refer to t h e gu m l i k e

.
-

s u bs ta n ce der ived fro m t h e t ree w h ic h i s k n ow n i n co m m erc e ,

” ’
as drago n s b l ood Th e tree is said to be c h opped t o y iel d
.

t h e gum b u t t h e m ost co m m o n for m i s t h at w h ic h c overs th e

,

fr u its w h ich is obtai n ed by beati n g a nd sh ak i ng th ese i n l i ttl e

,

ba gs or baskets , w h e n t h e gum tears drop o ff a nd are al l owed -

,

t o co nglo m erate i n t o m asses i n th e s un or are softe n ed by h o t ,

w a t er a nd for m ed i n to sticks D r Wi ll ia ms describes t he dr ug . .

as “
i n drops o f a brigh t cri m so n c ol or w h e n pow dered a nd ,

se m i tra nspare n t
-
” T ha t c o mm o n l y fo u n d i n t h e Ch i nese
.

s h ops is i n lar ge dark red friable m asses w h i ch h ave e v ide n tly

-
, ,

bee n packed i n m a tt i ng I t mak es a deep b lood red gr itty .

-
, ,

a l m ost tasteless powder sol ubl e i n spiri ts o f w i n e ,

S i n ce th e .

d r ug prod u ces s u c h a br i l lia n t red c ol or i t ma y be read il y ,

s ur m ised t h a t t h e C h i nese w o ul d u se i t i n t h e t reat m e n t o f

w o u n ds a n d h e morr h a ges A n d t h is i nd eed see m s t o be th e .

ri n c i pal p u rpose f o r w h i c h i t is used I t is also t h o ugh t t o

p .

h a v e so me sedati v e a nd to n i c proper ties .

D r W ill ia m s erro n eo usl y i de n ti fi es fig

.
5
5 ( Lung h sie n
5 m -

h sia ng) w i th th is s ub st a n ce b ut th i s is A m ber gris ,

.

C A L E N D UL A O FFICI N A LI S .
5 $2 ( C h i n c h a n -

h ua ) Th is is the co mm o n ma r zgold
. . I t i s o n ly prescr ibed i n
obsti n a te bl eed i n g p iles .

C A LY ST E G I A S E P I U M —j@ ( H s u a n h u a
) T h is i s .
-
.

a C o n vol v u laceo u s pla n t for w h ic h a large n u m ber o f s y n o ny ,

m o u s n a m es are gi ve n i n t h e P é n l s a o A m o ng t h ese i s fig if .

it}; 5 } ( C h a ch ih m ‘
) w h ich is C l w j apon zcu s
'

1 n u t a n - -on v o zl u -
s , .

T h e root w h i c h fro m th e sh ape i t so meti m es ass um es is also

m
, ,
”
cal led : $} $2 ( Tu n c h a n g 5
s u ck i n g pig s e ntrail is
- ‘ “ -
’
,

ed i ble a nd is said to h a v e a pl easa n t s weet taste

, To n ic .
,

n u tr ie n t d e m u l ce n t a n d d i u ret ic properties are a ttr i b u ted to

, ,

i t a n d i t i s also said t o h ave t h e p o wer o f ce me nti n g bo nes a nd

,

te n d o n s i f d i l i ge n tly appl i ed as a po ul ti c e
, O n ac c o u n t o f .

t h is l ast n a m ed rep u tat io n th e root i s also cal led fi fij j ,

’‘

H ”
( s u c h i n k é n)
-
h eal i ng te ndo n roo t
-
,
“
.
 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDOM . 81

C A M E LI A J A P O N I C A h u a ) 1 2 ; al so w ri t
.
-
,

t e n pg 12 ( C ha h ua ) 1 0 w h i c h see m s t o be a pal pable m istak e

-
, ,

i n pe n m a n sh i p Th i s i s t he d r i ed pe tals o f t h i s spe c i es a n d
.
,

a lso o f a n u nd ete r m i n ed spe c ies o f Ca m e l za w h i c h fl o wers i n

'

t he spr i n g Th e C h i n ese h a ve fro m very ea rl y t i m es c lassed

.
, ,

t h e Ca m el i as w i t h t h e te a pla n t d o i n g so u n d er t h e ge n eri c ,

na me o f S i n c e th e d r i ed petals a n d l eaves o f th e
m are so m eti m es bre wed as tea by t h e n at i ves o n e c a n
'

j p a o ca ,

see h o w t h e y st u m bl ed u po n th is c lass i fi c ati o n T h e te nde r .

,

y o u n g n eedl e sh aped pe tals o f t h e spri n g bl oo m i n g variety are

,
-

m ost estee m ed w h i le t h e older o n es o f th e sa m e var i e t y a nd

,

t h ose o f t h e j ap ozzzca are h e ld i n l ess re p u te Th e t w igs o f

'

t h e l atter ar e al so use d u n der th e n a m e o f g g 115g ( C h a c h i n ‘ -

t i ao ) ; t h e l ea ves al so fu r n i sh i n g t h e fill] ( Tz ii
‘ ‘
so
cal le d o n a c c o u n t o f t h e spi n y lea f o f t h is var i e ty .

Thera pe u t i c al l y a d eco c t i o n i s u sed i n h ae mop t ysis

, ,

h ae m ate m es i s a n d i n testi n a l h e m orrh age ; or t h e pe tals a re

,

po wdered a n d m i xed w i t h gi n ger j u i c e c h i ld s u ri n e a n d w i n e

’
, ,

for t h e sa m e p u rpose T h e petal s p ow dered a n d m i xed w i th

.
,

l i nseed o i l m ake a n appl icati o n c o nsi dered e x c el le n t for scalds

,

a nd b u r n s .

T w o oth e r probabl y ide n ti cal s pecies Ca me l za s a s a n gzm

'

m u a ) a n d Ca m el za o l e fi n : ( 111 fi
'

$6 C h a e i h ‘ - -
S h a n ,

ch a
‘
f r n ish t h e t —
e a seed c a k es
“ ” 7
( git C h a p i g )
‘
) u t z u n
- - -
, 1 ? ,
”
a nd m u c h o f th e so cal led tea oi l ( 2g ifi] C h a y u ) o f
- “ -
.
,
‘ -

c o m m erce Large q u a n t i ti es o f t h ese prod u c ts c o m e fro m t h e

.

h il ly d istr icts of K ia n gs i a n d H u n a n O f t h e t w o a de coct io n .

,

of th e for m er i s so m et i m es u sed as a de m u l ce n t a n d e xpec

t ora u t a n d i t i s sa id to take th e pl a c e o f s oap i n wash i n g oi l y
,

cl oth es T h e la tter is u sed as a food a n d i n l a m ps a n d as i t

.
,

i s a bla nd n o n irritat i ng o i l i t m i gh t be u sed as a s u bsti t u te

,
-
,

for ol i ve oi l i n d ispe ns ary prac t i ce S h e n Ts u h s i i n h is .

-
,

a ppe n di x t o th e P é zzts a o says th a t t h e ffi] ( C h a ) of ‘

, y u -

F u k ie n a n d K ua n gt u n g i s n o t C a m el ia oi l a t al l b u t a prod u c t ,
”
o f C ory l u s n u t s a n d i t th ere fore o u g h t t o be cal led
,
fil b er t oi l -
.

C AM E LI A T H E A or Ca mel za l /
'

M i ng ) B y
'

ze f er (
g .

m a n y bota n ists th e tea pl a n t is c o n sidered to belo n g to a ge n us

,

d i s t i nc t f ro m th e ca me l i as, t o w h ic h th ey gi v e th e de si gna t io n
82 C H I N E S E MA T ER I A M ED I C A .

7 71 m . These ge n eric ter m s w i ll be u sed i n d iscr i m i n a tel y i n

t h is ar t i c l e I t was for m erl y s u ppo s ed t ha t b la c k a n d gree n
.

tea w ere deri ved fro m d ist i n ct s pe c i es o f t h e tea pla n t w h i c h ,

w ere t he n k n o w n as T/ zea boh e a a n d T/ zea respe c ti vel y .

B u t i t i s n o w k n o w n tha t both k i n d s are m ad e fro m th e sa m e

pl a n t ; t h e d i ff ere n c e be i n g i n th e pro c ess o f m a n u fa c t u re .

T h e esse n ti a l d i ff ere n c e i n th i s res p e c t i s t h a t bla c k tea i s

a l lowe d to fer m e n t be fore fi ri n g w h i le t h e gre e n i s ra p i d l y
,

dr i ed a n d fi red I t is p roba ble th a t t h ere w ere or i g i n al l y

.

o n l y t wo d ist i n c t s pe c i es o f th e tea pla n t ; th ese be i n g

T/ zea s z7zc zzs zs a n d T/ zea a s s a m zm
’ ' ’

o r th e C h i n ese a n d t h e I n d i a n
'

spec i es a nd t ha t th e oth er var i e t i es are d u e e i t h er t o h y brid a

, _

t io n o f th ese or t o c h a n ges prod uc e d by adaptat i o n t o

,

e n v i ro n m e n t a n d to c u l t i vat i o n
,
Th e I n d i a n spe c i es h owever
.
, ,

m ak es th e be tter q u al i ty o f bl a c k tea w h i le th e C h i n ese ,

prod uces a be tter gree n tea Th e C h i n ese d o n o t speak o f

.

bl a c k tea b u t o n a c c o u n t o f t h e c ol or o f t h e i n fus i o n w h ic h
,
”
th i s k i n d prod u c es c al l i t red tea ( fig: ,
“
H ung c h a) ‘
.

A m o n g th e C h i n ese te r m s fo r tea 4s ( C h a ) i s t h e ge n eri c ‘

o n e ; b ut i n t h e c ol l oq u i a l t h i s al way s re fe rs t o th e i n fu s i o n
,

w h i le t h e ar t i c l e i tse l f i s spok e n o f as 243; it}? ( C h a ye h ) The ‘ -

.

c h ara c ter fig ( C h a ) d oes n o t d ate bey o n d th e H a n d y n ast y

‘
.

B efore th at t i m e th e c h ara c te r u sed fo r tea w as 7 4 :

b u t a pr i n ce o f th at d y n asty ordered t h a t th i s c haracter
s h o u l d be n o l o n ger p ro n o u n ced l u b u t c/ z a A f ter ward s
‘
,
‘
.

t h e s trok e i n th e m i dd le part of th e c h ara c ter w as l eft ou t ,

t h us d i sti n g u ish i n g i t fro m t h e o l d ter m W e h ave a rel i c o f .

”
t h i s o l d w ord i n t h e A m oy pro n u n c ia t i o n o f té fro m “
,

w h i ch w e h ave o u r prese n t E n gl ish w ord w h i c h origi n all y ,

”
w a s pro n o u n c ed tay Th e t e r m
“
.
( T u ) i s n o w u sed for
‘

t h e s o w th istl e ( S a n e/ms o l e r a ceozw)

-
I n proper par la n c e t h e.
,

earl y pi c k i n gs o f t h e tea l ea f are c al led g w h i l e t h e la te

s h o u l d be desi g n ated M i g Th i s l atter i s t h e ter m f o r
( n ) .

t ea u sed i n th e P é u i s a o as w el l as fo r t h e m os t par t i n t h e
,

c lass i c s a nd i t m a
, y freq ue n tl y be fo u n d o n tea boxes The .

ch aracter i s u sed for t h e o l d leaves o f th e tea pla n t ,

w h i c h are m ade i n to a n i n fer i or q u al i ty o f tea Th e n a m e .

if K pr operl y d e n otes th e
‘
:
u
’

o r ( K u c h a )
‘ -
‘

c h icory leaf al th o u g h t here i s so m e co n fus io n u po n t h is poi n t

-
,
.
 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDOM . 83

O th er pl a n ts l ik e th e { E ( C h i a ) a n d th e fig ( S hé ) ca nn ot be
,

c o n fo u n ded w i t h tea F o r w h i le i n fus i o n s o f t h e l eaves o f

.

s o m e o f these are so m e t i m es u sed as a beverage th e y are n o t ,

regarded by th e n at i ves as a s u bst i t u te fo r tea Th e sa m e m a y .

be sa i d o f th e w i l lo w 53 M] Ya n g l i u ) e x c ept t h a t th e leaves ~
,

o f t h i s tree a n d t h ose o f t h e w h i te poplar are so m eti m es used to

ad u l tera te tea .

W i ld tea E? 21: ( Yeh ,

i s regard ed by th e C h i ne se as
th e best espe c ial ly t h at grow i n g a m o n g th e d i s i n tegrated s to n e
,

o f th e l l l l l s i des tha t gro w i n g o n c lay ey so i l bei n g n o t regarde d

s o h i gh l y W h e t h er th e tea pl a n t i s i n d ige n o us t o C h i n a o r
.
,
”
w h eth er th ese are vo l u n teers
“
fro m s o m e forgotte n tea
p la n tat i o n i s u nc erta i n
,
S u ffi c e i t to say t h at th ese sh r u bs
.

are fo u n d gro w i n g ple n t i fu ll y u po n th e h i l l a n d m o u n ta i n

w aste la nds o f th e tea prod u c i n g d i str i c ts .

Th e a c t i o n o f tea u po n th e syste m is n ever co n sid ered b v

th e C h i n ese to be a n y t h i n g b u t be n e fi c ial I n th e w o rd s o f t h e .

P ézzts a o i t c lears t h e voi c e g i ves br il l i a n c y to t h e e y e

,
“
, ,

i n v i gorates t h e c o nst i t u ti o n i m proves t h e m e n tal fac u l t i es

, ,

O pe n s u p th e ave n ues o f t h e bod y p ro m otes d i gest i o n re m oves , ,

”
fl at u le n c e a n d re g ulates t h e bod y te m pe ra t u re
,
C lear wa ter .

i s b u t l i ttle d r u n k i n C h i n a th e c o m m o n beverage be i ng tea

, .

Ye t al tho u gh t h e C h i n ese are t h us d r i n k i n g tea c o n t i n u o usl y

,

a n d i n l arge q u a n t i t i es i t d oes n o t see m t o have th e d ele ter io u s

,

e ffe c t so me t i m es observed espe c i al l y i n A m er i c a ,

T h is ma y .

b e d u e t o th e fa c t th a t t h e C h i n ese d o n o t s tee p th ei r tea b u t ,

o n l y i n fuse i t pre ferabl y i n a c overe d c u p b u t ofte n i n a n

, ,

ear th e n ware p o t O r w h a t i s m ore probabl e te a i n C h i n a i s

.
, ,

p u re r c o n ta i n i n g n o sal ts o f c op per a n d o th er s u c h d el ete rio us

,

s u bsta n c es as are freq u e n tl y fo u n d i n teas i m ported i n to A mer

I ca .

Th e vari o u s n a m es a n d bra n ds o f tea h a ve re fere n c e to t h e

pl ace fro m w h i c h i t c o m es t o th e t i m e o f p i c k i n g t o t h e
, ,

c h ara c ter o f th e l ea f a nd so m e a re m erel y a rbi trary trade

,

m arks I n th e ord er here g i ve n are N i n gch o w fro m I n i n g

.
,
-

c h o u i n K ia n gs i ; H yso n fro m E l? gj ( c h ie n ) be fore t h e “

f Y u
“
-
‘
,
” ”
ra i n s ; Pe k oe fro m ( Pa
,
i h a o
) w h i te d ow n -
,
“
,

re ferr i n g to t h e w h i te d o w n o n t h e y o u n g l ea ves o f w h i c h
t h is bra n d is m ade a nd O ol o n g fro m E EE( VVu l u ng ) bl ac k
, ,
-
,
84 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M E D I C A .

dra go n ” Th e C h i n ese pay b ut l i ttl e atte n t io n t o th ese

c h ops a n d bra n ds Tea stores t h at profess t o sel l th e bes t
“
.

q u al i ty o f tea a l ways p u t F fi fifj ( Y u —

,
c h i e n o n th e i r si g n boards
)
‘

;
‘

b u t i ts u s e i n th is c ase d oes n o t i n d icate a n y spe c i al bra nd b u t ,

o n l y th at th e bes t q ual i ties are o ff ered fo r sal e ; t ha t i s w h at ,

t h e peopl e l i ke best th e earl y o r fi rst pi c k i n g be fore t h e

,

s u m m er ra i n s h ave set i n Th ese teas are al l gree n a s c o m

.
,

a r a t i v e l y l i ttle bl a c k tea i s used by t h e C h i n ese th e m sel ves

p .

A m o n g t h e fe w w h o d isti ng u i sh be tw ee n bra n ds t h a t k n ow n ,

as 52 91: ( L u n g c h i n g ) i s c o n si dered t o be t he fi n est a m o n g pla i n

“ -

teas .
S c e n ted teas a re m a d e b y m i x i n g th e petals of certai n
fl ow ers n otabl y th e Iffi Ef ( C h u —
,
l a n ) or C/
f
zl o m n flzu s a nd t h e ,

M m zzzzzzm s a hzba c ) o f w h i c h th e
’

fig ( o l i )
-
o r w h i,
te j as i n e ( j a s n ,

for m er i s th e o n e pre ferred w i th th e tea l ea ves u n t i l th ese ,

h ave acq u ired th e aro m a o f t h e fl owe rs th e n s i ft i n g o u t t h e ,

petals a n d q u i c k l y pa c k i n g th e tea i n a i r t i gh t boxes t o

preserve th e fl a vor T hese teas are n o t so po p u lar w i t h t h e
.

C h i nese as h as bee n c o m m o n l y s u p posed .

B ri c k tea i s m ade i n C h i n a a t prese n t pri n c i pal l y by ,

t h e R u ssia n tea packers f o r th e trad e o f C e n tra l A s ia

,
It is .

usua l l y t h e ol der l eaves ste m s a n d broke n tea th a t a re

, ,

ro u n d s tea m ed a n d c o m pressed b y m a c h i n ery i n to bri c k s o f

g ,

var i o u s s i zes T h ese are w rapped i n pape r packed i n boxes

.
, ,

a n d sh ipped t o th e n orth er n ports t h e n c e t o be se n t by c a m e l

,

o r m u l e tra i n a c ross t h e m o u n tai n s a n d pla i n s to th e i r d es t i n a

t io n i n t h e h ear t o f th e c o n t i n e n t B y th e tr i bes i n habi t i n g

.

t h i s l arge tract o f c o u n tr y i n c l ud i n g m u c h o f S i beri a i t i s

, ,

c o n s u m ed lea f a nd al l be i n g by so m e d ressed w i t h m i l k sal t

, , ,

a n d b u tter a n d eate n as a vegetable

,
I n as m u c h as tea c o n .

ta i n s a large a m o u n t o f sol u bl e n i troge n i t w o u ld see m th a t ,

th e u s e o f th e lea f as a food wo u l d be a ra tio n a l pro c ed ure .

W heth er c a ff e i n e a n d th e i n e are ph ysi ol og i c al l y i d en t i cal i s st i l l ,

u n de c i ded To sa y t h e least th e m u c h fea red del eter i o u s

.
,

e ff e c ts o f t h e i n e a re n o t very appare n t e i th er u po n th e C h i nese ,

t e a dr i n k er o r th e Ce n t ra l A s i a n tea ea ter .

W h i le b u t l i ttle atte n t i o n is pa i d by th e C h i nese t o t h e

bra n d o f tea u sed f o r ord i n ary c o ns u m pt io n i t i s q u i te oth er ,

w ise w h e n i t co mes to th e do mai n o f n at i ve th erape u t i cs .

H ere t h e pl a c e o f orig i n , t h e ti m e o f p ick i n g t h e m ode

, ,
 VEGE T AB L E K I NGDOM . 85

of preparatio n or t h e c o n d i tio n o f th e s u bsta n c e i s i m por t a n t

,

i n de ter m i n i n g i ts e fl i c a c y i n th e treat m e n t o f d isease Wi th o u t .

d o u bt i n so m e i nsta n ces th e d i ff ere n c e i n th e s pe c ies o f t h e

,

pla n t fro m w h i c h th e lea f i s obta i ned w i l l ex pla i n th e a ppare n t ,

d i ffere n c e i n ph ys i ol og ic al ac ti o n b u t o fte n th e d i sti n c ti o n ,

m ade by t h e n at i ve d octor is m erel y e m p i r i cal o r i m a gi n ary .

”
So m e o f th e m ore i m porta n t of t h ese m ed i c i n a l teas are
h ere g i ve n .

% (H $ (
2 ’ P u —é r h 1 0 52
‘
c o me s fro m P u er h fu i n ,
‘

Y u n na n The ge nu i n e arti c l e is i n th e for m o f a bal l abo u t

.
,

t h e s ize o f a m a n s h ead c o n ta i n i n g a pprox i m a tel y fi ve ca tties

’
,
.

O n a c c o u n t o f i ts sh ape a n d s iz e i t i s also k n ow n as ma n ,
“

”
h ead tea ( A Efi T h e co m mo n es t k i n d o f so cal l ed P u ‘

é rh tea h owever i s i n th e for m o f a c ak e abo u t t h e si z e o f a

, ,

break fas t pla te a nd c o m es fro m S o u th er n S ze c h ua n nea r t h e

,

bord ers o f Y u n na n T h ere i s l i t tl e d i ff ere n c e i n t h e q u al i t y

.

o f t hese al th o u g h t h a t i n th e bal l for m i s th e m ore h i gh l y

,

estee m ed by th e C h i nese T h i s tea is re gard ed a s a n e xce l le n t

.

d igest ive assisti n g i n d issol v i n g fats n e u tral iz i n g po i s o n s i n

, ,

th e d i ges tive trac t besides bei n g d eobstr u e n t a nd pro m oti n g

,

secre tio n M arvel o us stor ies are told i n regard t o th e sol ve n t

.

acti o n o f t h is art i c l e i t bei n g sai d to d issol v e eve n m e tal s l i ke ,

gol d a n d i ro n I f to a pot i n w h ic h a fo w l o r p i e c e o f m ea t
.

i s bei n g cook ed is added a por ti o n o f th is tea fl esh bo n es a n d

, , , ,

stock are co n verted i n to a m ost n o u ri sh i n g broth I t i s pre .

s um ed th a t t h e pot m u st be o f ear th e n ware else a n u nd u e ,

proport i o n o f iro n w o u l d be adde d t o th e m i x t u re .

55 fi ( L u n g c h i ch a ) co mes fro m t h e pr ov i nce o f

“
- -
‘

K wa n gsi an d is so m et i mes m ad e i n to bri c k tea

,
I t i s re p u te d .

t o be good for t h e treat m e n t o f m alari a a nd a l l for m s o f t o xae

mia . I t is also used i n d yse n tery a n d d iarr h oea .

if H ; 3? ( A n h u a ch a ) is fro m H u na n
- -
T h e l eav es pro
‘
.

d u ce a tea rath er dark i n col or a n d o f a s wee tish b i tter taste , .

I ts u se is t h a t o f ord i n ary tea b ut as i ts to n i c a nd stre n gth e n ,

i n g proper ties are co nsidered t o exceed t h ose o f t h e c o m m o n

article i t i s h el d i n h i gh estee m i n sick n es s fa tig u e or bod i l y
, , ,

w eak n ess O ne bra n d o f t h is tea

. k n ow n as fit} 2 g ,

( H s i a n g t a n-
ch a ) i s al l se n t t o th e i m perial cap i t a l for t h e use
- ‘

o f t h e e m peror pri n ces a n d h i h o ffi cials

, g , .
 6 C H I N E S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

g a s; ( H s u e h c h a ) i s t h e l eaves fro m a rare pla n t gro wi n g

-
‘

o n th e m o u n ta i n s o f L i n gc h i a n g f u i n Y u n n a n prov i n c e I t is .

sa i d to be fo u n d w i th i n t h e s n o w l i m i t ; h e n c e t h e n a m e ,

”
“
s n o w tea I t i s very d i ffi c u l t t o proc u re sa m pl e s o f i t a n d
.
,

i t c o m m a nds a h ig h p r i c e T he p la n t is sai d to rese m bl e th e

.

tea pla n t i n ap peara n c e a nd i f o f th e sa m e ge n u s sh o ws t h e

, ,
-

rea t ra n ge f ad aptab i l i ty f th i s pl a n t t o w i de d i ff ere n c es o f

g o o

cl i m a te . Th e m eth od o f prepara ti o n i s s i m i lar t o t h a t u se d

i n prepari n g ord i n ary tea T h is t e a i s c o ns i de red t o b e wa r m i n g ;
.

i t bei n g said t h at i f a c u p fu l is dr u n k o n a c ol d d ay t h e
i n ter n al orga n s are per vad ed b y a se n se o f w ar m th as i f a fi r e ,
“

h ad bee n k i n d led t h ere i n T he refore i t i s rega rd ed as m ost

e x c el le n t fo r c ol ds B y th ose w h o spi t bl ood w h o so m e t i m e s
.
,

d o n o t rel i s h ord i n ary tea t h is i s c o n s i dered t o be a grate fu l ,

dri nk . I t is al so u sed fo r th e c u re o f d y se n ter y .

flfl ( L o c h i eh c h a ) i s na m ed for a m a n o f a n c ie n t
‘ ‘

t i mes w h o a t C h a n gh s i n ghsie n o n th e w est sid e o f th e

, ,

W u t u n g m o u n ta i n a t t h e rear o f a w aysid e sh ri n e ra i sed

, ,

m ost ex c el l e n t tea T he leaves o f th is var i e ty a re a t t h e i r bes t

.

a t t h e t i m e o f t h e s u m m er sol sti c e a nd as th e pla n t gro ws o n l y ,

i n m o u n tai n o us dis tri c ts i t i s th ere fore h eld i n h i g h e s tee m

,
.

M ed ic i n al l y i t is va l u ed m os t h i gh l y i n th e trea t m e n t o f
,

p u l m o n a r v tro u bles a n d d ropsy T h at w h i c h c o m es fro m th e

.

p rov i n ce o f K ia n gs i i s c o n s i d ered to be i n feri or i n q u a l i ty a n d ,

i s o n ly u sed as a n ai d to d i gest i o n .

u se i t co m es fro m
2? 11 ( P s o al led beca
‘ ‘
$
; t
“

4 u o -
c

t h e s m al l isl a n d o f P oo too i n th e C h u sa n ar c h i pela go i s ,

q u i te s c ar c e for t h e reaso n t h a t a ver y s m al l a m o u n t is

,

gathered .I n the m o u n tai n s o f T i n gh a i h s i e n o n th e larg e

i sla n d adj oi n i ng P o o to o q u a n t i ties o f i t gro w b ut t h e n a ti ves
,

d o n ot gat h er i t poss ibl y beca use th e de m a n d f o r i t is s m a l l

, .

I t is sa i d to be u sefu l i n h e m orrh ages as i n h aem op tys is or ,

d yse n tery .

it ,f ;
r
( W u i c h a is fro m th e V
) - -
V
‘
u i h i l ls o f F u k i e n fro m-
,

t h e n a m e o f w h ic h is d er i ve d th e fore i g n ter m B olzen Th i s tea .

,

w h e n bre wed i s ra th er dark i n col or a n d t h e taste i s d es c r i bed

, ,
”
i n t h e C h a c h i n g ( tea c lassi c ) as so u r ( fig)
‘ “
I t i s sa i d t o .

be pept i c c ar m i n at i ve a nd t o co u n terac t t h e e ff ec t s o f w i ne
, ,

d ri nk i n g .I t i s also u sed t o c h ec k d yse n tery .

88 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

C h i nese na m e is sai d to be der i ved fro m fj fi fi ( Y ii c h a ngl a n -

,

a n c i e n t n a m e for K i a n gs i be c a u se th e tree grow s la rge a n d ,

ab u nd a n t t h ere B u t i t ma y as wel l h ave c o m e fro m C ha n g

.

c h o u f u ( ffi
-
5HH
-
f ) i n F u k i e n as l arge q u a n ti ties o f c a m ph or are ,

prod u ced i n th a t pre fect u re T h e parts O f th e tree e n teri n g .

i n to c o mm erce are th e t wi gs ( C ha n g c h ai fi 2 2 th e bark -

‘
, ,

( C h a n g m u p i ffi a nd th e seeds ( C ha ng m u
‘
- -
23, ,
-

t z u, fa 24 .

T h e par t m os t large l y u sed i n C h i n ese m ed ic i n e a s el se ,

w h ere is th e s te a r e o p te n cal l ed ffi iii ( C h a n g n a o ) w h e n c r ud e

, , ” -

or a M
a nd i n flakes } ?
J C ha g p i e ) w h e n re fi n ed a n d
‘
, ( n n a o n - -

i n c ak es O th e r n a m es fo r th i s s u bsta n c e are fig H Q ( C h a o nao)

‘ -

m
.

a nd g ( S h a O n a o l ; t h ese t w o ter m s bei n g u sed i n t h e n orth

-
,

be c a use th e prod u ct c a m e fro m C h a o c h o u fu a nd S h a oc h o u fu

i n K u a n gt u ng I t i s prod u c ed by c h i ppi n g th e tr u n k roo t
.
, ,

a n d bra n c h es o f th e tree a n d bo i l i n g th e c h i ps i n a covere d

v esse l l i n ed w i t h s tra w Th e s u bl i m ed ca m ph or c o nd e n ses o n

.

t h e stra w a n d is ga th ered i n th ese i mp u re flak es

,
M os t o f .

w h a t is fo u nd o n th e m ark et i n C h i n a is O f t h is i m p u re k i nd .

T h e J apa nese ca m ph or i s p u re r th a n th e C h i nese a nd is u s u al l y ,

pa c k ed i n t u bs for t h e fore ig n m arket w h il e t h e C h i n ese ,

arti c l e is packed i n l ead l i ned c h ests T h is l atter i s m e t w i t h

-
.

o n th e m ark et i n gra n u lar l u m ps o r gra i n s o f th e col or o f d i rt y

s n ow a nd h av i n g a stro n g terebi n th i n ate odor a nd a w ar m

, , ,

bi tter aro m ati c taste w i t h a so m e w h at c ool i ng a fter taste

, ,
.

I t i s n o t s o s tro n g as th e fore i g n prepared d r u g b u t i s m ore -

,

v ol at i l e I t i s e m pl oye d by th e C h i n ese as a d iaph oreti c ,

.

car m i na t ive seda ti v e a n th el m i n ti c a n d a n ti rh e u m ati c re m ed y

, , ,
-
.

I t is u sed o n decaye d a n d ach i ng teeth a n d is p u t i n to t h e ,

sh oes to c u re persp ir i n g fee t M i xed w i t h a species o f .

Z a n t/ zox l zzm
y call ed 72 ( H u a ch iao ) a nd m ad em i nt o a n -
,

oi n t m e n t wi t h sesa m u m O i l i t i s used i n th e trea tm e n t o f fav us ,

i n c h ild re n I t is al s o u sed i n th e m a n u fact u re o f fi r e w orks

.
-
,

a n d to preser ve cl oth i n g fro m th e attacks o f i n sec ts H owever .

,

for t h is las t n a m ed p u rpose i t is n ot al tog e t h er i n fav or as t h e ,

C h i n ese t h i n k th a t i t i nj ures th e tex t u re o f fabrics re nd e ri n g ,

th e m m ore l iable to tear For B or n eo or B aroos ca m ph or.

,
”
see D ry oé a l a n ops ca mp/ 20m for Nga i ca mp h or , see B l zmzea
ba l sa m zf er a
'

.
 V EGE T A B L E K I NG DOM . 89

CAN ARI UM — 1E rz s ( K a n Ia n
) 57
. 8 fi
‘
(’
, C h i n g k u o) -
, ,
I
‘ ‘ -

,E tr; ( W u l a ir ) T- h i s i s th e. s o c al le d C h i n ese ol ive -

“
,

w h i c h h as h oweve r n o a ffi n i ty w i t h t h e tr u e O l i ve bel o ng
, , ,

i n g to th e n at u ra l orde r B u r s e r a ceae i n st ead o f t o t h at o f ,

t h e Ol en/( c ar as d oes th e la tte r

,
Th e fi rs t t w o C h i nese n a mes .

g ive n above appl y to s a r zu m a l bu m ( P znzel a a l ba ) w h i l e

' '

t h e las t i s Ca zza r zzzm f i mel a ( F i /mel a n ig r a )

’

Th e fi rst is .

also d is ti n g u i sh ed i n th e P é u l s a o as fig ( L u l a n) gree n -
,
“

”
p i m e l a . Th ese fr u i ts gro w u p o n a s m al l tree or sh r u b i n t h e

s o u t h e aster n p rov i n ces O f C h i n a a n d i n C oc h i n c h i na

- Th e .

tree i s sa i d to b e so m e th i n g above t e n feet i n h e i gh t a nd to ,

y i el d g ood t i m ber The fr u i ts are ob lo n g a n d po i n ted e ith er

.
,

gree n o r s h r i v eled bei n g o fte n preserved i n salt or adde d t o

, ,

w i n e to m ed i c a te i t o r t o c o u n tera c t i ts e fle c ts ,
Th e y va r y .

fro m o n e i n c h a n d a q u arter t o a n i n ch a n d a h al f i n l e ngth .

W h e n th e p u l p o f th e d r u pe i s re m oved th ere re m a i n s th e large , ,

d ark p oi n ted p ol ygo n al or t r i a n g u lar s to nes h avi n g t h ree

, , , ,

a per t u res at t h e u pper e n d w h ere t h e y ofte n s h o w a te nd e n cy t o ,

spl i t i n to th re e por ti o ns d iscl osi n g th e th ree cel led i n terior , .

T h ese h ard sto n es are freq u e n tl y bea u ti fu ll y carved i n to bead s

a n d oth er or n a m e n ts T h e fr u i ts are said t o be sto m ac h i c
.

s i alagog u e a n t i ph l og is ti c al ex i ph ar m i c a n ti v i n o us a nd a s t r i n
, , ,
-
,

ge n t Th e p its i n c i n erated a nd red u ced t o powder a re t h o u gh t

.
, ,

t o h av e th e p ower of di ssolv i n g fi s h bo n es acci de n ta ll y s wa l

l owed a n d a re u sed i n a si m i lar w ay i n t h e trea t m e n t o f fl uxes
,

a n d th e er u pt i ve d iseases o f c h i ld re n Th e br u ised k er nels ar e .

u sed as a po u l t i ce i n h erpes labial is T h i s l atte r appears i n c o m .

m erce as d o also th e leaves o f Ca n a r zzm z p zm e l a

’ '

Th e appe n d i x o f th e P é n tm o also speak s of t h e ker n els o f th is

spec i es ass i g n i n g t o t h e m s t i m u l a n t t o n i c a n d c orre c ti ve
, , ,

propert i es . Tw o oth e r k i n ds o f C h i n ese ol i ve are m e n t i o n ed

i n th e P é n f s a o u n d er th e n a m es o f 2 3; £ 5mif? ( P o s s ii k a n l a n )
‘ - - -
,
” ”
“
Pers ia n p i m e la a nd T i $3 ( Fa n g Ia n )
?
, sq u are p i m e l a -
, .

W h at t hese are i s u n ce r ta i n T h e for m er ma y i n d eed be t h e .

Sy ria n O l ive I t is n o t n a t i ve O f C h i n a b u t is sa i d t o n o w be
.
,

g row n i n K ua ngs i .

A soft st i c k y d ark resi n o us m ass co m pared to c o w gl u e

, , , ,
-
,

a nd h avi n g a stro n g aro m ati c O d or i s prepared fro m t h e ,

Ca n a r zzm z pzmc l a I t i s ment io ne d i n t h e P é u tm o bu t no

’ '

.
,
90 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

u ses are gi v e n for i t I t rese m bl es a n d i s probabl y i de nti ca l

.
,

w i th M a n i l a E /
'

e fi zz w h i c h i s th o u gh t t o be th e prod u c t o f
,

C m m r zzm z co mm u n e
'

Th e C h i n ese p rod u c t i s cal led fig §

.
f

( L a m h si a n g )
-
I t m a y be u sed as a s u bs ti t u te f o r bl ack
.

d a m m ar . W h e n h ea te d w i t h t h e l eaves a n d bark o f th e tre e ,

i t prod u ces a tarry m ass c al led a 5 5 ( Lan ,w h ic h is 7

u sed i n ca u l k i n g boats .

C A N A V A L L I A E N S I F OR M I S .
E ( Ta o -
t o n ) , 1 2 56 .

Th i s l e gu m e i s sa id t o be n a t i ve o f t he prov i n ce o f K u a ngt u n g ,

b ut is n o w ex te n s i vel y c u l t i vated t h ro u gh o u t th e e m p i re It .

i s ge n eral l y k n ow n a m o n g forei g n ers as th e broad bea n ; “

th e p od bei n g o n e a n d a h al f t o t w o i nch es broad a n d n ear l y a

f oot l o n g T h ey are m u c h rel ish ed as a n art i c l e o f d i e t by t h e
.

C h i n ese ; t h e pod s w h i l e st i l l te n der be i n g fr i ed a n d eate n

, ,

w i t h s oy or h o n ey a n d th e bea n s w h e n r i per bei n g c ooked

, , ,

w i th pork o r c h i ck e n T h ey a re t h o ugh t t o be n e fi t d i gesti o n

.
,

t o s tre n gth e n t h e k i d n eys a nd to be c o n str u c ti ve a n d to n i c

,
.

Th e y are es pe c i al l y re c o mm e n ded i n c ases o f w ea k di gesti o n

d uri n g co n val esce n c e fr o m ac u te d isease .

C A N NA B I S S A TI VA —j e fi ( Ta m a ) . A lso cal l ed -
.

fi m m H a n ma )
k ll
: ( H u o a)
-
5 4 1 ;, éé
i: ? fi ( H u a n g a ) ;
ii f
I ?
) ( - -
,
“
C h i n ese h e m p t o d i st i n g u i sh i t fro m fig If)? ( H u m a )
,
-
,
”
S cy t h ia n h e m p ; t h e sta m i n a te pl a n t i fij? ( I m a ) a nd ,
-
,

th e pist i l lat e E El? ( C h i t m a ) T h e flowers a t th e t i m e o f

-
.

p o ll e n i z a t i o n ar e c al l ed
W E é); ( M a a n d fi ?
t g ( M a fe n ) i s -

u sed f o r bot h t h e fl owers a nd th e seeds a l th o u g h i t probabl y ,

sh o u l d be restr i c ted t o t he la y r e

H e m p h a s be n k n o w n fro m m ost a n c i e n t t i m es i n C h i n a
e

t h ere be i n g a trad i t i o n t h a t t h e E m peror S h e n n u n g ( 2 8 th -

c e n t ur y B C ) t a u g h t th e peop l e t o c u l ti vate i t as h e d id also

. .
,

t h e m u l berr y tree fo r ra isi n g s i lk w or ms On t h e oth er h a nd .

,

fl ax w as u nk n ow n t o t h e a n c i e n t C h i n ese a nd eve n a t t h e ,

prese n t day th e pl a n t i s o n l y c u lt i vated for i ts o i l A t Pek i ng .

t h e he m p pl a n t is c al led t fig?) ( H s i ao m a ) w h i le j g fin ? is -
,

i n correctl y appl ie d t o th e c astor o i l pla n t .

E very part of th e h e m p p la n t i s u sed i n m ed i ci n e ; th e

dried flo we rs th e a c h e n i a ( g ) t h e seeds ( W Et t h e o il
,
‘
,
92 C H I N E S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

C A P S E LL A B U R S A P A ST O R I S — fi fj é ( Ch i A .
’

co m m o n n a m e i s if! %6 if ; ( T i m i I ts fr u i t i s c al led
-

”
g ( Ts o sh ih ) T h is i s th e c o mm o n sh eph erd s p rse
‘ “ ’
-
. u ,

w h i c h i s eate n as food by m a n y of t h e poor peopl e o f C h i na .

I t i s b ot h w i ld a n d c u l ti vated Th e ex pl a na t i o n o f th e fi rs t
.

c h ara c ter i n t h e C h i n ese n a m e i s gi ve n as fig 513 fé ( H u sh en g

‘

-
.

”
ts a o )
‘
,
“
protect i n g l i fe pl a n t be c a u se i t i s sa i d t o dr i ve aw ay
,

m osq u i t os a n d oth er n oct u r n a l i n se c ts Th e root a n d leaves .

are used i n m ed i c i n e a n d t h e pla n t i s th o u gh t t o h av e a

,

speci a l l y be n e fi c ia l i n fl ue n c e u po n th e l i ver a nd s to m ach .

I n c i n erated th ey are pres c r i bed i n fl u xes a n d p u l ver i z ed are

, , ,

u sed i n th e t reat m e n t o f sore ey es ! Th e fr u i ts are u sed for

s i m i la r p u rposes a n d i f u sed for a l o n g t i m e a re th o u g h t t o
,

cl ear th e v i si o n .Th e fl ow ers are sa i d t o d estroy c er ta i n k i nds

of parasi ti c w or m s a nd t o be u se fu l i n dy se n tery
,
.

C A P S IC U M A N N UU M —¥j fi m( La ch i ao ) .
-
,
6 85 S everal
.

spec ies o f th i s S ola n a c eo u s pl a n t are m e t w i th i n C h ina In .

add i t i o n to t h e o ne abov e n a m ed C ap s i cu m zzte s cwzs

, f r ,

C ap s i cu m ba ca n u m Cap s zczfim C ap s zczzm

'

a nd
’
,
'

s zn e fl s e are m e n ti o n ed Th ey are l arge l y c u l t i v a ted i n al l o f

.

t h e ce n tra l prov i n ces o f C h i n a a n d are ea te n gree n r i pe a n d

, , ,

a fter h av i n g bee n dr i ed Th e y are u sed as a c o n di m e n t o r

.

rel i sh w i th oth er food a n d a t t h e seaso n w h e n t h e y are r i pe

,

a n d i n m ark e t are se l do m abse n t fro m th e t abl e Th e less .

acri d k i n ds are u sed as a vege tabl e a n d i f de pr i ved o f th e i r ,

seeds t h e y d o n ot p urge Th e s m al l er a n d m ore a c r i d var i e

.

t i es are so m et i m es dr i ed a nd p u l ver i zed m ak i n g a sort O f ,

caye n n e pepper Th ey are n o t m e n ti o n ed i n t h e P é yzf m o b u t

.
,

t h e Ch i n ese r i gh tl y c o n s i d er t he m t o be s t i m u la n t t o t h e
d i gest io n a n d deri va ti v e T hey are s o m et i m es used t o prod u ce
.

d iaph oresis .

C AR D U U S C R I S P U S ( P e i l ie n )
. Th i s c o m - .

os i t e pla n t ( C y n aro i d d i v i sio n ) i s fo u n d grow i n g pl e n t i fu ll y i n

p
M a n ch u ria a n d t h e pr ov i n c es o f N ort h C h i n a i n c l u d i ng ,

S zech ua n . I t h as i n c ise d lea ves w i t h w i n ged petiol es Th e .

root is strai gh t w i th d ar k c ol ored sk i n a n d w h i te flesh m arked

, ,

w it h blac k vei ns T h e root a n d fl owers are u sed i n m ed ic i n e

. .
 VEGE T AB L E K I NGDOM .
93

T h e roo t is fi rs t prepared by decort i cati o n a nd th e n soa k i n g i n ,

w i n e ove r n i gh t A fte r t h i s i t i s d r i ed a n d p u l verized for u se

.
,
.

I t is said by so m e to be sl i gh tl y po i so n o us a n d by oth ers t o n o t ,

be so .The e ffect i ve n ess o f th e t wel ve h o urs soak i n g i n ’

w i n e w o uld probabl y e xpl ai n t h e d i ffere n c e i n th ese observa

t i o ns. I t i s c o nsi d ere d t o be al terat i ve a n d a n ody ne I t is .

u sed i n t h e treat m e n t o f rh e u m at i s m both ar ti c u lar a n d ,

m us c u lar a n d is th o u gh t to h ave spec i a l c ura t i ve properties i n

,

t h e é m z d i sease o f c h i l d re n E pi th el i o m a a n d rode n t u lcer ar e

.

a m o n g t h e t h i n gs for w h ic h i t i s re co m m e n ded .

C AR E X MACROCE P HALA g ( S h i h
T z ii j a n — k spo n ta n e o u s
Cal l ed al so E] $3 ( g ra i n a nd
‘
ut -
, ,

f
i; 5 3g + 5 ( Y u y u l-
i a n g-
) I t i s
. n o t t o be c o n fo u n ded w i t h t h e

s o c a l led ea g l e
-
w h i c h bears t h e l atter n a m e It is an .

ed ible gra i n fr u i t gro w i n g i n th e e as ter n i sla n ds bu t n o t fo un d

-
, ,

i n C h i na I t r i pe n s i n t h e seve n th m o n th a n d i s ga th ered by
.
,

t h e peo pl e u n ti l w i n te r I t i s c o n s i de red t o be very n u tr i t i o us

.
,

a n d i s reco m m e n d e d as a c o n str u cti ve food i n m al n u tr i ti o n It .

is said to pre ve n t n a u sea a n d i s re c o m me n ded i n a norex i a I ts

, .

prol o n ged u s e prod uc es grea t bod i ly s tre n gth .

C AR I C A P A P A Y A — T h is th e p ap a w o r t ree m el o n
.
, ,

w h i c h is n at i ve o f tropi ca l A m e r i ca h as bee n i ntrod u c ed a n d ,

i s n o w c ult i va ted i n So ut h C h i n a a n d oth er trop i c a l pa rts o f

t h e Far E ast .Th e n a m e by w h ic h i t h as bee n c al led a t
Ca n to n is 7 k 11? ( M u k ua ) w h i c h is a tra n slat io n o f
-
,
tree “

”
m el o n . B u t t h i s is th e n a me w h i c h is u sed i n t h e P é m m o ‘

a n d c l ass ics for th e q u i n c e ( C d o zzza s zn e zzs zs )

’ ’

y Lo u reiro fo u n d .

t h a t th e papa w w as also cal led IE ( Wa n sh o u k u o )

“

- -
,
”
“
l o n ge v i ty fr u i t A n oth er n a m e by w h i c h i t i s so me t i m es
.

k n ow n i n th e so u th i s fi 1L? ( F a n k ua ) fore i g n m el o n ” -
“
, .

S til l a n oth er n a m e is fig A? ( S h u k ua ) w h ic h is a n al ter n at i v e -

,

w a y o f say i n g tree m el o n
“
Certai n l y 7 k LL ? c a n n ot be u se d
.

fo r i t i n th e n orth w here th e q u i nc e w h i c h h as n o other

, ,

desig n atio n i s S O ex te n s i vel y grow n

,
A l th o ug h so rece n tl y .

i n trod u ced i nt o C h i na t he C h i n ese w h ere th e papa w is grow n

, , ,

h ave lear n ed to appreci a t e i ts p roperty o f re nderi n g m ea t

te nder as w el l as i ts al i me ntary a nd m edic i nal q ual ities
,
.
 94 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

C A R P E S IU M A B RO T A N O I D E S —
$5? ( T ie n
5
3§ 3
‘
.

m i ng c h i ng )-
Th e seed s a re c al l e d £ i t ( H o S h i h ) , cra ne s
.
9 ’
.
-

m
,

”
l o u se , 3 7 5 O th e r n a m es a re X g ( S h i h s h o rt ) a n d a
.
-

”
( C h i bot h m ea n i n g “
p i g ’
s h ead , a; tff F5?
t i 32 ( Ch a n c h u -

l a n ) , a n d t h e pe opl e i n th e so u t h cal l i t it 2 75 ( Ti s u n g ,

ro d c a bb a ge a n d 355 — 4 T ‘
i e n m an ch in ),
“
h eave nl y
‘
g u n 7
I ;
i, ( g . T

”
rape for th e l eaves rese m bl e c a b b a ge o r ra pe l eaves a n d are
, ,

o f a s wee t p u n ge n t taste Th e seed h as a b i t ter p u n ge n t taste

.
, ,

i s sl ig h t l y po i so n o u s a n d i s re p u ted to destroy i n se c ts
,
Th e .

pl a n t is added t o t h e water i n w h ic h s i l k c o c oo n s a re boiled ,

p res u m abl y to k i l l th e p u pa Th e pl a n t bears s m al l y el l o w .

fl o wers a n d i s q u i te c o mm o n i n S o u t h a n d M i d C h i n a
,
Th e -
.

a ch e n i a w h i c h bear t h e seed s are a w ned c a u s i n g t he m to ,

ad h ere t o th e c l oth i n g o f perso n s a n d t h e fu r O f a n i m als i n a

m a n n er s i m i l ar to t h e beg ga r t i c k Th e le a ves ro ot a n d s e ed .
, ,

are t h e par ts u se d i n m e d i c i n e T h e t w o fo r m er are regarded .

as n o n p oiso n o u s a n d as be i n g i de n ti ca l i n m edi c al properties

-

a n d u ses T h e y are e m pl oy ed as astr i n ge n t a l tera t i ve a n ti

.
, ,

scorb u ti c d i u re t i c e xpe c tora n t a n th el m i n t i c v u l n era ry a n d

, , , , ,

d isc u ti e n t re m ed i es i n c o nj u n c ti o n w i th th e y o u n g sh oots
,
.

T h ey are s p e c i a ll v re c o m m e n ded i n b ro n c h or h oea h ae m optys i s , ,

a n d ag u e Th e seeds w h i c h are re garded a s be i n g sl i gh tl y

.
,

poiso n o u s are pr i n c i pal l y u sed as a n a n th el m i n ti c

,
Th ey are .

a lso h igh l y reco m m e n de d i n a gu e .

C A R T H A M U S T I N CT O R I U S — fI a t
YE ( H u n g Ia n .
o -

?
h u a) O th er n a m es fig} : 22 ( H u n g h ua ) a n d a
.
,
E t H ua n g l a n ) -
i
-
,

al th o u gh th i s l at ter I s p ossi bl y a co n fo u n d i ng th i s w i th C r ocu s

Th e c o m m erci al d es i g n a ti o ns are fi] : 72 ( H u n g h u a )
’

s a tzv zzs
-
t
,
.

\ 53 0 ,
a nd E A a; ( Y a o h u a ) 1
51 0 ; th e for m er be i n g t
,
h e best
q ual i ty u se si for dye i n g a n d th e la tter a n i n fer i or k i n d u sed a s
,

a d rug The n a t ural h ab i ta t O f th i s pla n t w h i c h 1 5 s nfl a wer

.
, ,

w a s regard ed b y t h e C h i n ese as Th i bet

- I t I S n ow ex te n si vel y .

c u l tiv ated th ro u gh o u t C hi n a Th e fa m o u s travel er a n d ge n eral

.
,

C h a n g C h ie n bro u gh t t h e see d s fro m T u rk esta n

,
Th e flow ers .

are e xte n s i vel y u sed fo r d y ei n g p urp oses a nd i n th e m ak i n g o f

ro u ge M edi c i n al l y th ey are regarded as h a v i n g sti m u l a n t
.
, ,

sedat i ve al terative e m m e n agog u e a nd d isc u ti e n t propert i es

, , , .

O n ac co u n t O f t h eir red c ol or t h e y are th o ugh t t o h a v e a n ,

 96 C H I N ES E M AT E R I A M ED I C A .

t h e c l ov e o i l i s m e n t i o n ed a s a fore i g n prod u c t a n d t raders o f ,

M a c a o are c red i ted w i th h a vi n g i n trod u c ed i t i n to C h i n a I t is .

n o w m a n u fa c t u red i n t h e s o u th a n d h a s be c o m e a n ar ti c le o f ,

e x port I ts u s e a s a s u bsti t u te fo r th e c r u d e d r u g a n d espe c i al l y

.

i ts a ppl i c a t i o n t o a c h i n g tee th i s w e l l k n ow n a n d a p p 1 ec ia te d ,

by th e C h i n ese a t t h e prese n t t i m e .

C A S SI A F I STU L A — D a H ald e w h o n ever was i n C h i na .

, ,

b u t w h o w rote h i s w ork o n th i n gs C h i n ese d ra w i n g al l o f h i s ,

i n for m a ti o n fro m l e tters o f th e J es u i t m i ss i o n aries savs th a t ,

t h i s tre e w as fo u nd i n th e prov i n c e o f Y u n n a n a n d was c al l ed ,

fii ( C h a g k o t z ti sh u l I i sa i d th a t th e pods are
‘
5 n u t s - - -
.

o l le c t e d i n K u a ngs i a n d ex ported D r l Vi l l i a m s g i ves

2
. .

( H ua 1 h u a c h i n g) a s t h e n a m e o f th e fr u i t He
‘
6 .
g

d es c r i bes t h e p ul p as redd ish a n d s weet a n d n o t s o drasti c “

,

as th e A mer i c a n sort i f ga th ered be fore t h e seeds a re r i pe l ts ,

”
taste i s so m e w h a t sh arp N o oth er a u th or i t i es a r e fo u n d fo r
.

th i s pla n t o c c u rr i n g i n C h i n a a n d i t is n o t m e n t i o n ed i n th e ,

P é /zi s a o Th e C u sto ms L i sts d o n o t m e n t i o n i t s o i f ex p orted

.
,

as “ f i l l i a m s c l ai m s i t m u s t be by l a n d ro u tes
,
Th e s u bj e c t i s .

w orth y o f i n ves t i gati o n W ar i n g i n th e P h ar m a c op oe i a o f

.
,

I n d ia q u otes D r Irvi n e as stat i ng th at t h e r oot o f t h i s tree

,
.

a c ts as a ve ry stro n g p u rga ti v e .

C A S SI A M I M O S OI D E S [ I] fig ? 55 ( S ha n pie n t o.
u l
;
- -

'

Ca s s i a occ zd e zzza l zs g; 21: fij ( lVa n g c h i a n g n a n ) a n d E i B};

‘
‘

- -
,

m ) /
'

S h h e h g
'

( h i c u -
i n ;
-
C a s s za s o
p ze r a a nd C a s s za Zor a 32 B}; ,

C h i1 e h m i n g ) a n d in? i BB ( Ts ao c h u eh —m i n g ) 1 3 4 1 Wit h ‘
’

- -
1
, .

sl i gh t ex c epti o n s th e C h i n ese m a k e n o d ist i n c t i o n be twee n

,

th ese spec i es T h e P éa f s a o u ses Ts a o mm g for Ce l os za ‘

'

-
.

a r e a i ea A t Pek i ng PV afl c/zza a g a m z i s a c o m m o n n a m e
g
- -

g .
,

fo r Ca s s i a s op/ A n oth er n a m e fo r t h e Ca s s /
' '

’
a 7 7 2 27 1 z0s oza es
’
ze r a .

H
S TL E 32 B B ( C
E
h i a g m a g h eh m i g ) Th e proper w of
‘

n n c u n - -
a y
-

{
.

“ u i t i n g th e c h ara c te r C / me/ z i s a s ab ove al th o u gh i t i s m os t ,

freq u e n tl y w ri tte n H Q K a n gh s i s D i c t i o n ar y also u ses

.
jg
’

( C h u eh k u a n g ) a sy n o n y m o f 32 B
-
, B 5 H Q B is also u sed for
B .

th e sh el l o f H al i oti s fu n ebr i s 1 1 44 ,
.

H u peh a n d K u a n gt u n g are g i ve n by t h e C u s to m s Li sts as

th e so urces o f t he d r ug S he ns i K a ns uh a nd H u n a n are a lso
.
, ,
 VEGE T AB L E K I NGDO M .
97

said t o y iel d i t Th e l o n g redd is h pods co nt ai n v ery ma n y

.
,

dar k brow n s h i n i n g seeds cal led

,
E93 ( C h fi e h m i ng -

1 341 o f a n i rre gu larl y c o m p ressed

,
cy l i nd rica l sh ape ab o u t , ,

t h ree l i n es i n le ngth a n d m arked w it h t w o l i gh t s tri pes o n

,

oppos ite sides Th e y are poi n ted a t o n e e nd a n d tr u n cate d

.
,

or ro unded a t th e ot h er a nd h a ve a bi tterish m uci la gi n o us , ,

taste .It is sa id th at i f eate n o n a n e m pty sto m ach d uri n g t h e

d a y on t h e s ucceed i ng n i gh t arti cles w i l l a ppear as i f
,

i l l um i na t ed T h e dr ug is th ere fore co n sid ered to be o f especia l

.

use i n d iseases o f th e ey e bei n g used bot h i n t er nal l y a nd ,

l ocal l y i n t h ei r t reat m e nt I t i s also reco m me n ded i n h erpe s

.

a nd fur u n c u l oid sores T h e P én ts a o says t h a t t h e l ea v e s

.

m C
’

c a n be eate n as a v e e t able T h is u st re f er to th e h za n
g g.

m a ng w h i c h m a y be C a ss i a a a r zca l a ta a n ed ibl e specie s

’

, ,

o f I n d ia Th e lea ves o f C a s s i a Zor a are sai d t o be u sed b y

.

I nd ia n ph ysi c i a n s as a s u bst i t u te f o r s em za A n oth er n a me .

f or t h e C/ zu e/z m zf z
5 E ? ( m
'

g i s 3 -
fi [ 93 M a ti c h ii e h i n g ) s o - - -
,

cal led fro m t h e s ha pe o f t h e seeds T h e P é a ts a o also speak s .

o f a n oth er pl a n t a ppare n tl y o f th is ge n us w h i ch i t cal ls

, ,

‘
fi BB IQ ( H o m i n g
'
I t i s as ye t u n ide n ti fi ed
-
In .

a dd iti o n t o i ts oth er v irt u es i t i s c o n s i dered to be d i ureti c ,

In .

C h i na as i n I nd ia a sp i ri t u o us l iq u or a nd a l ea v e n are m ade o f
, ,

th e Ca s s i a f or a by th e add i ti o n of so m e s t arc h y or sacc h ar i ne

,

i ngred ie nt .

C A ST A N E A V UL GA R I S E ( L i) T h is i s th e . .

c o mm o n c/ zes mu t of w h ich several var i e ties grow i n C h i na

,
.

Th ey are c u lt ivated t h ro u gh o u t t h e e m pire a nd are u sed as a n ,

art i cle o f d iet bei n g m os t freq ue n tl y cook ed w i t h c h i cke n

, .

H ow e v er t h ey are t h o u gh t to be s o m ew h a t d i ffi c ul t to d i ges t ,
,

a nd are th ere fore n o t reco mm e n de d t o th e sic k as f ood or to ,

t h ose s u ff eri ng fro m dera n ged d i gestio n Th ey are a m o n g th e .

fr u i ts co n sidered s u i tabl e t o be p rese n ted to t h e S o n o f H eave n,

a nd by t h e a ncie n t C h i n ese were u sed as a prese n t o f i n
t rod uc ti o n by w o me n O wi n g t o t h e s i m ilari ty o f th e lea v e s
.

a nd fr ui ts o f so me v arieti es t o t h ose o f c ertai n k i n ds o f

Q u e r cu s ,
th ere is a certai n a m o u n t o f c o n f u si o n a m o n g the
C h i nese i n re gard t o t h ese pl a n ts Of t h e d i ff ere n t k i nd s of .

c h es t nut s t h e P é n ts a o ment i o ns a lar ge , smoo th , fl

,
a t v ari et y,
98 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

w h ic h g rows p l e n t i fu l l y i n t h e c e n tra l prov i n c es a n d i s c all e d ,

m g ( P a n Ii ) -
a s m al l ro u n d v ar i ety k n ow n as “
, l E ( S h a n
”
l i ) of w h ic h t h ere i s a poi n ted k i nd w h i c h i s cal led fig E
,

( C h i l i a s m al l sh aped l i ke a cor al led é ( H

‘
u -
) o n e a n n c g si n

l i ) ; a sti l l s m al ler o ne l ik e a h azel n u t c al l ed fi E ( M ao Ii )

“

-
, , ,

w h ic h i n t h e E r fiy a is called lffi j ( E rh ) T h e Sa n scri t n a m e o f

.

g 5 51
1 ( T u c h ia
-
) i s also g i v e n .

T h e t ree o f so m e v ar ieties i s q u i te l arge a n d so m e h a v e ,

v ery l arge leaves . Th e s m al les t var i e ti es are v ery del ica t e

l i tt le sh r u bs Th ey gro w i n al l of th e prov i n ces ex cep t t h e
.

t wo so u th eas t e r n o nes ; th ere be i n g no c h est n u ts ( fl ) t h ere

-

e xcept t h e E E ( S h i h Ii ) A / t m l a ba T h e bes t
' '
‘
-
e a r zzes
, .

c h est nu ts c o m e fro m K i a n gn a n a n d th e n ort h S e v eral parts .

o f th e c h es t n u t tree a n d fr u i t are u sed m ed i c i n al l y Th e fr ui ts .

th e mse l v es are c o n s idered to be sal tis h a nd cool i ng i n t h e ir

n a t u re . C h i l dre n sh o u l d n o t ea t th e m m u c h ei ther raw or ,

cooked . T h ei r u se i s t h o u gh t t o h i n der t h e d evel op m e n t o f

t h e t eet h . Th ey are co ns idered to h ave a be ne fi cial acti o n
”
u po n th e brea th
“
s t o m ach a n d k i d n eys assisti n g i n e nd ur
, , ,

i ng h u n ger M astica t ed i n to p u l p a n d a ppl ied as a p o u l ti ce

.
,

t h ey are reco mm e nded i n m u s c u l ar rh e um atis m a n d extra va s a

ted bl ood The cr ush ed fr u i t s are also u sed as po ul t i c es i n bi tes
.

o f a n i m als a n d vir u l e n t sores o f var i o us k i n ds Th e septa o f .

th e i n v ol u cre cal led E , m

( Li h s i e h l i s c o n si dered t o be
-
,

especial l y e ffi cac io us i n m usc u lar r he u m atis m a nd to pro m ote

t h e ci rc u l ati o n of t h e bl ood Th e teg m e n o f th e seed w h i c h
.
,

i s k n ow n as 593
5 ( Li f u ) - is p u ,
l veri zed a n d added to h o n ey as

a cos m eti c appl i c at i o n i t i s th o u gh t w i th th e e ff e c t of i m pro v

i n g th e co m pleti o n I n ci n erated a n d powdered i t is u sed f o r
.
,

r e m ovi n g a fi sh bo ne fro m t h e th roat A decoc ti o n o f th e .

h u l ls is re c o mm e n ded i n n a u sea th irst a n d bl ood y stools , ,

A .

decocti o n o f th e spi n y i n v ol u cre is sai d to be use f u l as a wash

for i n fla m ed u l c ers Th e fl owers are u sed i n scro fula a
.
,

de c o c tio n o f th e bark of th e tree as a wash i n poiso n ed w o u n ds ,

a nd t h e root i n her n i a a n d h ydrocele be twee n w h ic h d i ff i c u l ties ,

t h e C h i n ese d o no t clearl y d ist i ng uish .

C A T A LP A HU N G E R— fix C l assi cal na me
Ca f a lpa lea /ay e”, t h e sa me C h i ne se na me or
I OO C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M E D I C A .

a di ure t ic I f t ak e n i n ex cess sl eep w i l l be pre v e n t ed

.
,
No .

a u th ori ty is
g iv e n for th e above i d e n t i fi c t i o n ; t h e pl a n t i s n o t
m e n tio n ed i n t h e I n dex Fl or ae S i ne nsis n or h as i t bee n fo u nd ,

i n a ny o th er w or k c o ns u l ted .

C E DR E L A S I N E N S I S . I n th e classi cs
th e c h aracter i s w r i tte n fit Th e P én ts a o i n cl ud es th i s w i th
.

A zl a n tfi u s g l a n d u l os a u n d er th e co m m o n h ead i ng o f
’

if;
( C h un
‘
E xter n a l rese m bla n c es led th e C h i n es e t o c o n
f o u nd t h ese trees o f perfe c tl y d i sti n c t ord e rs Th e l ea v es o f .

t h e Ced r el a are ed ibl e a n d o n acco u n t o f t h e ir fragra n ce t h e

,

t ree is so m e ti m es cal le d irff 1g ( H si a n g w h i l e th e

A zl a n tk u s rece i v es t h e n a m e of g is ( C h o u c h un ) beca u se o f
’

‘ - ‘

th e bad odor o f i ts lea v es w h i ch for th e sa m e r easo n are n o t

,

e ate n . T h e w ood o f t h e C ed r ela rese mbles m ah o ga ny a nd i s ,

u sed i n cabi n e t w ork Th e parts o f t h e pl a n t e n teri n g

.

c o m merce are th e t w i gs ( H
fi 1g i i sia g c h u n ch i h ) 4 0 9 ‘
n . - -

m
, , ,

a n d t h e r oot ( fi $ 5 H s i a n g c h u n k en) 4 0 9 -
‘ -
.
, ,

I t is ev i de n t th at th e C h i n ese regard t h e m ed i cal properti es

o f A d a m/ m5 a n d Ced r e la as si m i lar i f n o t i de n ti cal Th ere ,
.

f ore i t i s a l i ttl e d i ffi c u l t t o d eter m i n e i f e i th er i s p u t t o a n y

pec uli ar use R e fere n ce to t h e art i c l e o n A d a m/
. 1 2m
g l a n d u l os a

i s m ade for th e ge n eral uses o f t hese d r u gs Th e te n der leaves .

o f t h e Ced r e l a are i n th e spri n g boi led a n d eate n as a ve getable ,

a n d are regarded as car m i n ative a n d correc tive They are also .

fed t o s il k w or m s I n co m b i n ati o n w ith t h e leaves o f Ca ta lp a

.
,

t hey are d eco c ted a n d u sed as a re m ed y f or s c al d h ead a nd

bald n ess T h e i n n er bark o f t h e tr u n k a nd th at of th e root are
.

u sed i n th e treat m e n t o f th e 3? ( K a n ) d isease o f ch ildre n ,

i n testi n al fl uxes m e n orrh agi a a nd p ost part u m h e m orrh age

, ,
-
.

I t is also used i n go n orrh oea i n both m al e a nd fe m al e Th e .

f r u its ( 36 C h ia ) are re garded as astri nge n t a n d are u sed also i n

, ,

a ff ec t io n s o f th e e y e .

C E L O S I A A RG E N T E A — %
p
z
( C h i n g .h sia ng )
3
T h i s ‘ - .

”
i s a lso cal led E} a t 5 3 ( Ye h ch i k u a n ) w ild
- c ock -
’
s c o m b ,
“ -
,
” T he
a nd
a £5? E ( K u n l u n
‘ -
pla n t fro m K u n l un
“
.

B
B Ts a o ch ueh m i g) d are t h ere f ore
s eeds are called 1
5 (
‘
n a n - -
,

b o th th eore t ica l l y a nd prac t i c a l l y confound ed wi t h th ose of

 VEGE T AB L E K I NGDOM . I OI

Ca ss i a Zor a ; th e for m er be i ng freq ue n tl y f o un d mixed wi t h th e

l a tter i n t h e s h ops T h e pla n t is fo u n d t h r o ugh o ut t h e co u nt ry
.
,

b ut t h e dr ug s uppl y c o mes pr i n cipal l y fro m F uk i e n a nd

K ua n gt u n g I t i s a t ro ubleso m e weed a mo ng t h e far mer s
.
’

crop s b ut th e co m m o n peopl e gat h er i t a n d co ns um e i t as a

,

v egetable T h e s t al k a nd lea v es br u ised a nd a pplied as a

.
,

po u l tice are used i n i n fec ted sores w o un ds a nd sk i n er u pti o n s

, , , ,

a nd th e j uice take n i n ter n al l y is co nsid e red to h ave specia l

, ,

v ir t u es i n pestile n tial d i ffi c u l ties To t h e seeds are a ttr ib ut e d .

cool i ng a n t i scorb u ti c a n thel m i n t i c v u l nerary a n d t o n i c

,
-
, , ,

proper ties ; a nd t h ey e nj oy a n eq ua l rep u t a tio n w i t h Ca s s i a

f or a i n t h e trea t me n t o f a ff e ctio ns o f t h e eye T h ree t e n th s o f .
-

a p i n t o f t h e j u ice o f t h e seed forced i nt o th e n os t ri l is

co nsidered t o be a s u re c ure for e pis tax is .

C E L O S I A C R I ST A T A fl ( Ch i k ua nl T h is cook s .
-
.
’

co m b w h i c h by so m e is regarded as a variety o f th e l as t
,
is a ,

c o m m o n weed i n C h i n a a l th o ug h i t i s al so e x te n si vel y c u l ti
,

v a ted as a garde n flo wer T h e pre v ai l i ng c ol ors o f t h e fl ow ers

.

a re red y el l ow a nd w h i t e a nd t h e seeds are fla t bl ack a nd

, , , , ,

gl ossy T h e red fl o wered v ar ie ty is t h e o ne pre ferred i n m ed i

.

c i n e a nd c o n seq u e n tl y i s f a n c i fu l l y s u pp ose d t o be ne fi t a l l
,

d iseases o f th e bl ood s u c h as h e m orr h a ges fl uxes p il es ,

, , ,

m e norrh agi a a nd de fi cie n cy o f t h e l oc h ia

, T h e y o ung s h oo t s , .

th e flowers ( so) a nd th e seeds ,

are t h e par t s used .

C E LTI S —A ccord i ng t o H e n ry Cel l i s s i n e n s i s i s 7H

. ~ ,

or I n Japa n fig is Cel ti s ma k a ( H omoi ocel ti s a sp er a ) ,

a n d 1th is Ce l t i s s i n e n s i s T h ese d o n ot see m t o be m e n t i o n e d

.

i n t h e P é n ts a o I n J apa n $5 } f; ( S ung ya n g ) i s a lso Cel ti s m a é u

‘
i -
.

or E / zr et i a s e xr a ta w h i c h i s a sy n o n y m
,
B ut S a ng y a ng i n .
-

C h i na h as bee n i n d e nti fled by H e nr y as Cor m t s ma c/ zr o /

p zy ll a
’

w h ic h see ) Th is s h r u b bears a n ed ibl e fr u i t a n d i t h as bee n

( .
,

s u gges t ed th a t i t m a y be a P r u n a s A s for t h e 7H i t is .
\

)
‘

p ossi bl e t h a t t h is re fers to t h e F; » (
7 H o u p o o f t h e P é n tsa o - ‘
,

w h ich is ex te ns i v el y u sed i n m ed ici n e a nd is M ag n ol i a ,

fiyp ol eu ca ( w h ic h see ) .

C E R C I S C H I NE N s rs .
ifil ( Tz u-c h i ng
), 1 40 8 . T h is
is th e j ud a s tr ee or Red ba d , of t h e ord e r of L eg u mi nosa '
.
I OZ C H I N E S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

The c h arac t er iii] h owe ver i s u s ual l y appl ied t o d i ff ere nt

, ,

spec ies o f t h e Vi tex o f th e n at ural order o f Ver be n a ceae .

S i m i lar i t y o f fol i age a n d ge n era l a ppeara n c e h as aga i n led th e

C h i n ese t o co n fo u nd pl a n ts o f tw o d i st i nc t ord ers O n a cco u n t .

o f i ts bea uti fu l p urpl e fl ow ers t h i s tree i s m uch c u l ti vated i n ,

g ard e n s T.h e w h ol e t ree i n cl u d i n g t h e w ood,

i s bea u t i fu l , ,

a nd adds m uc h t o t h e or n a m e n tati o n o f a n
y pl ace i t occ u p ies .

Th e w ood a n d bark a re u sed as m ed ici n e Th e k i n d t h a t .

“

”
i s as bi t te r as gal l is th e best Th ey are e m pl oyed i n th e .

t reat m e n t o f bladd er d isease a nd a d ecoc ti o n is u sed both ,

i n te r nal l y a nd as a wash i n m a d d og bi te i n testi na l parasi tes ,

o f al l k i nds v ici o u s post par t u m d isch arges bleed i n g pi l es

,
-
, , ,

a nd si m i la r d i ffi c u l ties .

C H A M ZE R OP S Ffi
i ( Ts u ng l u )
E X CE LSA Hf 1 .
- if§ -
, m
P i I I t is probabl e t h at C k a m aer o s f ot zm ei i s e i th er
( n g ii )-
.
p
ver y cl osel y al l ied to or i d e nti c al w i t h t h is I t i s also by so m e .

re ferred to t h e ge n u s Tr a cizy ca rfi a s a nd th a t o f Ca ry ota This .

i s o ne o f t h e c oi r pal m s prod u c i n g t h at use f u l fi bre w h i c h i s

,

m ade i n to cord age c l oth i n g tr u nks br ush es a n d th e l i ke

, ,
It , ,
.

i s fo u nd i n th e so u th of C h i n a a nd for merl y exte nd ed as far ,

n ort h as th e Y a n gts z e Th e tree grows to a h eigh t of more

.

t h a n th irty feet T h e fi bro u s i n teg u me n t i s a n n ual l y gat h ered

.

a n d steeped i n water t o separa te th e fi bres for use i n ma n u fa c

,

t ures . E xcel le n t m att i ng is m ade fro m th e bark c o mbi n e d ,

w i t h m ore o r l ess o f th e fi bre T h e large lea v es o f t h is pal m

.

are m ad e i n to fa ns Th e y o un g flow er b uds w h ich are l i k e n e d

.
,

t o fi s h roe a nd th e re fore cal led a ( Ts u n g yii ) also cal led

-
,

3 Ts u n g s u n ) are eate n al th o ug h by so m e co nsidered t o

23 (
3 -
, ,

be m ore or less d eleteri o u s S tee ped i n h o n ey a n d soak ed i n

.

v i ne gar t h ey are used as vo t i ve o ff eri n gs by th e B u dd h ists

,
.

T h e b uds flo wers a nd seeds ( 1 3 50 ) are reco m me nded i n

, ,

fl uxes a nd h e m orrhages T h e bar k is prescribed i n si m ila r

.

cases b u t as o nl y th e as h or c h arred re m ai ns a fter i n ci n era

, ,

t io n is u sed i t is probable th a t i ts o n ly actio n w o u l d be to

, ,

c h eck fer m e n tatio n .

C H AV I C A B E T E L w —fi 5 £ :
( C h u -
c h ia n g) j ; g a ; (T u ,
‘

-t u lii
i i E ( E
‘
p p ),
i a nd th e v i ne is c a l l e d fie
- -
-
o u ya
 1 04 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

cyl i ndrical ge neral l y p ed icell a t ed a nd sl ig h t l y t a peri ng a t th e

,

poi n t . T h e y are dark is h grey i n c ol or a n d s t u dde d w i t h -

s p i ral l y arra nged e m i ne n ces T h e t aste is h ot p u nge n t a n d .

, ,

s l i gh tl y aro m at ic S ti m u la n t sto ma c h i c car m i na t i ve cor

.
, , ,

r e c t i v e a n d astri n ge n t proper ties are a ttri b u ted t o t h e peppers

, ,

w h ic h are gi v e n i n vari o us co m bi nat io ns for cory za pyrosis , ,

d yse n t ery c h olera , v i ole n t fl uxes e nl arge m e n t o f t h e spl ee n

, , ,

m e n s t r ua l d is orders a nd t oot h ach e Th e y are used i n I n dia

, .

i n th e treat me n t o f beri beri -

.

A deri v a t ive o f t h is pl a n t cal led E é}; {5 ( P i p o m n) ,

- ‘ -
,

w h ic h is p robabl y i n i m i ta ti o n o f t h e H i n d usta n i n a m e o f
t h e roo t p eep la m ool i s sp ok e n o f i n th e P én ts a o u n der t h e
,
-
,

h eadi n g o f t h is sa m e ar ticle Its q u a l i ties are m u c h w eake r .

t h a n t h ose o f th e fr u i t b u t i t is rep u ted t o h ave t h e sa m e

,

s t i mula n t t o n i c a nd peptic properti es

, ,
I t is a m u c h va u n ted .

”
re m ed y i n th e treat m e n t of col d v iscera a n d d iseases “

res ul ti ng fro m t h is co n d i tio n B arre n w o m e n w h ose w o m bs .

,

a re s u pposed t o be c old th ose s u ff eri n g fro m c ol d i nd i ges

,
“

”
t io n,
a n d certa i n k id n e y a n d u ri n ary d i ffi c u l ties w h ic h are
”
re garded as cold are al l to be be ne fi ted by ad m i n isteri n g
“
,

t h is dr u g D r Wa ri n g r eports i ts use i n Tra va n core f or

. .

e x ped i ti n g t h e exp u ls io n o f t h e pl ace n ta .

C HE N O PO D I U M A L B U M — 7j { a ( H ui £2 E . .

( H ui h sie n )
-
T h er e i s t h e sa me u n certai n ty i n th e i d e nt ifi ca
.

t i o n o f t h e C h i nese n a m es for t h e C/ ze zzo oa i a cez

p t h a t t h ere i s ’

o f t h ose for t h e A ma r a m a ceaz a n d for t h e sa m e reaso n v i z ‘

, ,

t h e n a m es are n o t u n i for m l y a ppl ied to th e sa m e p l a n t i n

d i ff ere n t parts o f C h i na g i s a ge n era l ter m for C h e n opod i u m ,
.

a nd t h ro u gh o u t th e n ort h o f C h i n a H u i t i a o i s u n d o u bted l y - ‘

C/ ze n o oa i a m a l bu m w h i c h i s a v ery c o m m o n w eed t h ere

’
p ,
.

T h e g ( Li ) o f t h e cl assics a n d als o t h e X ( Lai ) are t h o u gh t , ,

t o be t h e sa m e I t was ev id e n tl y t h e pl a n t w h ich F o h i e n
.

sa w w h e n h e ret ur ned fro m h is j o ur n ey t o t h e B udd h is t

c o unt r ies I n th e acco un t o f h is j o ur ney i t i s said t hat w h e n
.
,

h e la nded i n S h a nt ung a nd sa w t h e g g fié a gai n h e k n e w

“

th a t t h i s was th e la n d o f H a n ( C h i n a ) T h e pl a n t ( stal k .

a nd lea v es ) i s t h o ugh t t o h ave i nse cti cida l proper t ies a nd ,

is used i n c ase s of i nsec t s t i ngs a nd bi t es , a nd th e ex press ed

 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDOM .

j i
u c e i n freck les a n d s u n b ur n Th e seeds are eate n as a n
.

a n th e l m i n ti c re m ed y .

In J apa n C/
,
ze n o
p od i zm z a m br os o i a
’
es is cal led j ; fi? 3? t

T c h i n g c h ieh ) ; w h e th er th is i n cl u des t h e var i e ty a n t/

ze i
(
‘
u - -

m i zzt i ca m or n o t i s n o t stated n or h as i t bee n possi b l e to d iscove r

,

w heth er or n ot wor m s ee a is m e t w i t h i n C h i n a or J apa n

’
.

C H I M O NA N T H U S F RA G RA N S its $5 ( La m e i ) .
-
,

fi w ( H u a n g m e i h u a ) -
T h is p l a n t-
h as several co
. m m o n

n a m es i n C h i n ese I t bloo m s i n th e C h i n ese tw el ft h m oo n ,

.

a nd i ts flow ers a re str u n g o n fi ne w ire a n d m ade i n to h ai r

or na me n ts w h i c h are m uc h w or n by th e w o m e n Th ey h a v e
,
.

a v ery pleasa n t od or a n d t h ei r col or a n d tex t ure are als o

,

pleasi n g . Th e bar k is also fra gra n t b ut n ot s o m u ch so as ,

so me ot her sh r u bs o f t h e sa m e order th e bar k of w h i c h i s ,

so met i m es used as a s ubs t i t u te for c i n n a m o n Th e C h i nese .

soak t h e wo od o f t h is tree i n w a ter a nd t h e n p oli sh i t by ,

r ubbi n g t o a bril l i a n t bl a c k s u r face T h e flo wers are u sed i n

,
.

m ed ici ne as a c ool i n g a n d sialago gu e re med y .

C H L O RA N T H US I NC ON S P I CUU S — fi E5 ( Ch u l a n ) .
-
,

$93 J R $5 72 i C h i ch ao l a n h u a ) -
I n J apa n th i s i s cal le d
- -
.

Q g ( C h i n su la n
-
) T h e-
fl owers of t h
. is pl a n t w h i c h i s ,

o f a tropical ge nu s are u sed to sce n t tea w h i c h i s co nseq ue n tl y

, ,

ca lled 3g ( C h u la n D irec t i o ns are g i ve n t h at

-
,

a ft er h av i n g i m parted th eir fragra nce t o t h e tea th e petals ,

s h o u l d be care fu ll y s i fted o u t as th ei r u s e is co n sidered to be ,

deleterio us . A m o n g sce n ted teas t h is is i n m ost favor , ,

alth o u gh t h at sce n ted w i t h th e pe tal s of j a s m i m i m s a maa c is

pre ferred by so m e Th e br u ised root i s reco m m e n ded as a
.

po ul tice i n boils a nd carb u n cles I ts a c t i o n i s s ud ori fi c a n d .

s t i m ula n t a nd i ts use i s s u ggested i n m alario us fevers si nce

, ,

accord i ng to B l um e th e root o f a ver y si m i l ar species i s

,

e x t e n sive ly used i n J ava i n th e i n ter m i t te n t fevers o f t h at isla n d .

C H L ORA N T H U S S E RR A TU S — fi a ( C h i ch i ) Th i s -
.

i s t h e sa e as Cal or a n i /
m za s
j ap mzi cz/s a nd Tr zcer ca n a r a
’

r fi oi i a
’
g u a a I ts leaves are sa i d to be of t h e sh ape of a deer s
.
’

ear a n d i ts root l i k e t h at of A s a r zm z For t hese reaso n s i t i s

m
.

cal led 15 5 H E? ( C h a ng erh —

.
“
h si h s i n) I t grows i n Sh ad y
- -
.
1 06 C HI N E S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

m o u nt a i n v al leys , sh ooti n g a si n gl e ste m at th e to p o f

up in ,

w h i ch c o m e o u t fo ur lea v es , a nd bear i n g w h i te fl owers w h ic h

appear be t wee n t h e l ea v es Th e roo t is d ark i n c ol or bi tter
.
, ,

a nd poiso n o u s I t i s u sed ch iefl y i n d e c oct i o n ex ter nal l y i n th e

.
, ,

t reat m e n t o f parasi t ic sk i n d iseases a nd i n i n fec te d u lcers a nd ,

s ores I t h as also so m e rep u ta t i o n as a n a n th el m i n ti c

. .

C H R Y S A N T H E M U M C ORO N A R I U M —fi E ( T .
‘
u ng

h a o) , E ( P é g h ao )
Th e P é n ts a o m akes th ese two
‘
n -
.

i de n t ical al th o ug h th e c h aracter 3 also re fe rs to E r iger o n

,

a nd Cony z a B eca u se t h e pla n t is said t o hea r s o m e

.

rese m bla n ce t o A r tem i s i a s te l l er i a n a i t i s cl assed by t h e ,

C h i n ese a m o n g th e A r temi s i z t g ) Wh i l e i t is no t co n sidered .

at al l p oiso no us , i ts excessi v e us e i s sai d t o res u l t i n a specie s

of i ntox i cati o n I ts a c t io n is c o ns idered t o be sedat i ve a nd
.
,

i ts u s e is th o ugh t t o be n e fi t t h e di gesti v e a nd v i ta l fu n cti o ns .

I t is no t e m pl oyed i n a n y par tic u la r class of diseases .

C H R Y S A N T H E M U M SI N E N S E ¥ j 72 ( C h u h u a ) .
- -
,

227 . Th e c harac t er i f i s a ge neral na m e for se veral k i nds o f

C o m posi t e pl a n t s b ut i s appl ied partic ularl y t o t h is o ne s pe c ies
, ,

w h i c h is i n d i ge no us t o C h i na grow i n g i n a w i ld state i n ,

se v era l par ts o f t h e e m pire especial l y th e n orth ,

I t h as also .

bee n c u l tivated fro m v ery a n c ie n t ti mes as a fa v ori te w i n te r

fl ower v ery m a ny v arie t ies bei ng fo u nd i n th e C h i n ese gard e ns
,
.

T h e w ild pla nt is s mal l sel d o m exceed i n g o n e foot i n h ei gh t

, ,

a n d l ate i n t h e a u t u m n bears s m al l fl ower h eads th e fl orets o f ,

t h e d isk be i n g y e ll ow w h il e th ose of t h e ray are rose col ored

,
.

A y el low fl o were d v ariet y i s also ver y c o m m o n i s cal led a t ,

Pek i n g ) 1 i f gj \ ( H siao m
y eh c h u h u a ) a n d -m a y be C-/zr s a n
y
-
,

t lzemu m i n a i ca m
’
T h e P é m s a o g i ves a large n u m ber o f
.
‘

a lter nat i v e n a m es b ut th e o n e a t th e h ead of t h is art i c le i s t h e

,

o ne by w h i ch t h e pla n t is u n iversal ly k n ow n T h e varieties .

e n t er i ng co m m erce are t h e iii i i 72 ( H a ng ch ii h ua ) or variety - -

,

f ro m H a n gc h o u ; th e fi fi 73 ( H u a n g c h ii h u a l w h i c h by
‘ ‘

- -
,

h a)
s o me is co nside red t o be A n tfi emi s t h e fi TE ( K h u u
’
a n c - -
,

or swee t C h rysa n the m um $572 ( Pa i h h a ),

’

“
a nd t h e 8 : c i 1 u - -

or w h i te C h rysa n t h e m u m
“
.

S o m e d i fle re n c e is m ad e by th e C h i nese i n th e m ed ica l
uses of di ff ere n t v ar ieties alt h o u gh t h eir t h erape u tical act io n
,
 1 08 C H I N E S E M A TER I A M ED I C A .

now gro wn i n oth er parts of So u th er n C h i n a as wel l as i n ,

C och i n C h i n a ofte n g i v i n g a n a m e t o t h e pol i t ical d i visi o n i n

-
,

w h i c h i t i s prod u c ed ; as for exa m pl e K u iya n g K u i l i n a nd , , , ,

K u lch o n T h e m ou lezzez ( m al e
’

.
-
w h i c h i s also “

”
cal led 7 k i t ( M u k u ei w ood ci nn a m o n ) a n d Ii ] E ( J ou
-
,
“

k ue i ,flesh y c i nna m o n i s the u n s c raped bark o f th e larger

c i n n a m o n tree T he scra ped bark is cal led E IQ ( K u ei
.

T h e d i ffere n c e bet wee n th e m u fau e i a n d t h e j o u fcu e z i s th a t ’

'

- -

t h e for me r is tak e n fro m th e larger a nd ol der bra nch es a nd is ,

t h ere fore m ore w ood y a nd l ess p u n ge n t w h i le t h e l a tter c o m es ,

f ro m th e s m all er a n d y o u n ger bra n ch es Th is l atter i s also .

cal led fi fig( K u e i ch i h ) a n d a fter bei n g scraped i s cal led fig 6b"

-
, ,

( K u ei hs i n )-
A v e ry i n feri or k i n d o f ci n na m o n w h ic h h as
.
,

b u t l ittl e aro m a b ut w h ic h is al so fo u n d o n t h e m ark e t i s

, ,

cal led 791 7g ( P a n k uei board -

beca use i t i s i n
,
“

u nrolled fla t p ieces ,
T h is is probabl y t h e t h ick i n n er bark of ol d
.

t rees Th e m ost d el i c at e y o u n g sh oots o f t h e c i n n a m o n t w i gs

.

are cal led 791] E ( L i u k ue i willow -

T he c/ z wz
,
“ ‘

k u ez is a s m a ll er tree bear i n g a t h i n ner bark m ore l i k e t h at

’

f ro m C ey l o n A s i t q u il ls m ore read i l y t h a n th e oth er i t i s

.
,
"
n oth er n a m e
c al led fa
fi ( T u n g k uei t u be A
‘ - “
,

is E ( H siao k ue i s m al l-
,
ev ide
“
n tl y referri n g

t o t h e s i ze of th e tree Th e fi n es t q u al i ties of t h e bar k o f t h i s

.

tree are th e if; x % E ( A n p i e n k u ei ) a h i g h l y v al u ed k i n d - -

,

bro u gh t fro m A n na m a n d 756 fi ( C hi ao ch i,

h k u e i ) probab l y - -
,

t h e sa m e as or si m ilar to t h e l as t b u t o n ac c o u n t of i ts grea t ,

r e p u te th ese c h aracters are o f te n fo u n d o n th e s i g n boards o f

C h i n ese m ed i c i n e s h ops .

I n th e P é n l r a o a t th e c lose o f th e ar t i cle o n C/ z m z k nez i t

'
‘ -
, ,

is sai d th at there i s a tree m u c h c ul t i vated i n C h i na a nd bears ,

t h e n a m es o f fi E ( Y e n k ue i ) a nd fl ( M u hsi ) T-
h ere a r e -
.

t hree var i e t i es n a m ed accord i n g to t h e c ol or o f t h e fl owers t h e y

bear th e w h i te be i n g cal led ifi fi fll i n k ue i ) th e y el low Q E -
,

( C h i n k u ei-
) a nd th
,
e red fl E ; E ( T a n k uei
) T h e fl owers -
.

appear i n th e ax i ls o f th e l ea ves are very fra gra n t a n d are , ,

u sed for sce n ti n g tea Th e c o m m o n n a m e u sed by th e fl ower

.

g arde n ers w h o c u
,
l tivate i t ex te n si ve ly for sale is E TE ( K u ei ,

h ua ,
c ass i a I t i s th e 0 1m
a n d h as n o ne of t h e proper t ies of t r ue c i nna mon
53 g 7 ( T a n .
 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDOM .

k ue i ) h owever i s also u sed f or a red k i nd o f t r u e c i nna m o n

, ,

bark w h i ch co m es fro m a variety of tree fo un d m ost l a r gel y i n

,

t h e prov i nc e of K u i c h o u A si m i lar k i n d i s k n ow n as 5 .
5
Ya o k ei a n d c o m es fro m t h e co u n tr y o f th e Ya o tri bes
( -
u ) ,
.

A n oth er k i n d m e n ti o n ed i n th e P én ts a o i s j i 3 E ( T i e n “
‘

ch u k ue i )
- P orter S m i th o n th e s u pp os i ti o n t h at th e fi rst tw o
.
,

ch arac ters m ea n t I n d ia id e n ti fi e d t h is w i th C zm zrzm omu m

'

t a ma l a B u t Li S h i h C h e n says th a t i t is s o n a m ed fro m a
.
-

pla c e called T ie n c h u i n t h e pre fec t u re of Ta i c h o u C h ek i a n g

‘ -
, , ,

w here i t gro ws ple n ti fu l l y I t is a large tree beari n g a b u nda n t .

,

fl owers a nd a fr u i t th e s ize o f a l ot u s n u t T h e B udd h ists .

re gard i t as id e n t ica l w i t h th e E fi ( Y ueh k u e i ) I n Ja pa n i t -

.

i s called w h i c h is th e s za m o m zmz
ed u m u l a tu m of N ees I ts fr u i ts are cal led i t ( K ue i
p .

as are a lso t h ose of th e YiZe/

' ’

z k u e z ( see L zl s ea
g l a u ca
) a n d th e -
,

i mm a t u re flowers o f t h e C zm s zo m zm z ca s s i a al th o ug h th e
’

proper n a m e for t h ese l ast is E T ( K u e i t i ng) accord i n g t o -

,

t h e a ppe n d i x to t h e P é n ts a o .

T h e par t s o f th e c i n n a m o n tree n o w f o u nd i n C h i n ese

c o mm er c e are th e bark ( 557 6 59 6 6 7 6 6 8 a n d th e , , , ,

t wi gs ( 6 58 6 6 0 ) t h e b u ds ( 6 7 3 ) th e p ed u n cl es ( 6 7 1 ) a nd t h e
,

oi l ( 558 Th e le a ves are n o t fo u n d as a n articl e o f c o m

,

m erce b u t t h e C h i n ese u s e t h e br uised fres h l eav es i n w ater

,

fo r clea n si n g th e h ai r Th e oi l is m a n u fact u red i n Ca n to n a nd

.

ex por ted b u t m u c h o f th at n o w fo u nd i n C h i n a c o m es fro m

,

abroad as i t i s o f s u peri or q u al i ty t o th e C h i n ese arti c l e a nd

,

sel ls as ch eapl y I t is used as a per fu m e a nd fl avori n g i n

.

e d i e n t a n d also as a s u bsti t u te for t h e bar k i n m edi ci n e a nd

g r ,

c ookery D r W il l ia m s says t ha t t h e fi fi ( K u ei c h i h ) are t h e

. .
-

“
ex tre m e a nd te n der e n ds of th e bra n ches o f th e cassia t ree ,

s uc h as are u sed i n d isti l l i n g oi l a t Ca n t o n T h e l eaves are .

s o met i m es used i n co m bi na tio n w i t h th ese t wi gs fo r d isti l l i n g

p urposes .

is m et w i t h o n t h e C h i n ese m ar ke t i n h al f q u i l l s
o f a foot i n le n gth h a l f a n i nc h i n d i a m eter a nd o ne t w e lft h
, ,
-

of a n i n c h i n t h ick n ess I t is darker c l oser i n th e gra i n .

, ,

t h i n ne r a n d m u c h l ess p u nge n t t h a n t h e j a zz Ku a i
,
Th i s - a
.

l atter w h ich is th e
,
c i nna m o n
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of Dr W i l lia ms is m e t w i t h
“
.
,

i n cl ose p er fec t q u i l ls , of the sa me le ngth as th e K u e zlp z b ut

'

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, ,
 IO C H I N E S E M A T E RI A M ED I C A .

muc h s t o u ter th i c ker a nd

Th e t ex t u re i s m or e ope n o f a .
,

l i gh ter col or a n d t h e i n n er s u r face is m ore d i s t i n c tl y striated

, .

T h e ex ter na l s u r face l i k e tha t o f th e is v ari egated

,

w i t h l iche no us patc h es Th e taste i s exceed i ngl y p un ge n t a nd

.

S p i cy .

C assia is m ore oft e n u sed by t h e C h i n ese as a co nd i m e n t

th a n as a m ed ic i n e be i n g e m pl oye d as a flav or for pork a nd
,

oth er m eats S to mach i c st i m ul a n t car m i nat i ve astr i nge n t

.
, , , ,

seda tive a n d to n i c q u al i ti es are a ttr i b u t e d to th is dr u g I t i s

,
.

especi all y reco m m e n ded i n col i c a nd excess i ve s wea ti n g Pos t .

part u m d i ffi c u l ties a nd re ta i n e d foet u s are a m o n g th e tro u bles

for w h ich i t is prescr i bed as al so are s n ak e bi te a n d rh u s poi ,

s o n i ng T he prol o n ged u se o f th e be tter q u al it ies of c assia is

.

t h o u g h t t o i m prove t h e co m ple xi o n gi vi n g o ne a m ore y o u t h ,

f ul r u bi c u nd appeara n ce
, P a o P u tz i i said t h a t i f cassi a w as
.
‘ -

t ake n w i t h toad s br a i n s fo r se ve n y ears o n e c o ul d w al k o n

’
,

t h e s u rface of t he water a nd n eve r gro w old or d ie a n d C ha o ,

th e h u n c h ba c k took th e d r u g co n t i nu o u sl y fo r twe n ty years

-
, ,

w i t h t h e res u l t th at h ai r gre w o n t h e botto m o f h is feet ; h e

was abl e to wa l k fi ve h u n d red Zz ( 2 0 0 m i les ) i n a day a n d l i ft a
'

w ei gh t of on e t h o u sa nd M i n po u nds ) .

C IT R ULLU S V UL GAR I S — fi g m .
( H s i -
k ua ) ,

( H a n k ua )
-
t; { g
a 15 ,( Ya n g c h i k ua ) T h is i s t h e ord i n ary
.
-
‘ -
.

Water mel o n w h i ch is v ery exte nsivel y grow n i n C h i n a a nd i s

, ,

ea t e n as a cool i n g fr u i t i n v ery h ot wea t h er I t wa s i n trod uce d .

fro m M o n gol i a i n t h e te n t h ce n t u ry h a v i n g bee n bro u gh t ,

t h ere at a n earl ie r period by th e K i ta ns fro m t h e co u n try of t h e

U i g urs far th er w est Th is i s th e reaso n t h at i t is cal le d
.

wester n m el o n ”
a nd n o t as so m e h ave s u pposed
,
bec a use i t ,
”
wa s i n trod u ced fro m w h a t i s n o w th e wes t T he C h i nese “
.

m elo n is n o t so lar ge as t h e ord i n ary A meri ca n v ariety a nd ,

n o t so s weet or s o fi ne flav ored b ut i t is very j ui cy Severa l .

v ari eties are grow n ; so m e h avi n g w h i te p u l p so m e y el l ow a n d , ,

s o m e red Th e seeds of th ese varieti es are of d i ff ere n t col ors

.

w h i te red brow n a nd bl ack

, ,
T h e bla c k see d ed variet y w i t h
,
.

red p u l p i s u s u al l y th e fi n est fl a vored M el o n s e e d s ( }l§ .

K u a tz ti ) are ex te n si vely e ate n i n tea sh ops a nd i n fa c t are i n

-
,

e v id ence w h ere v er t ea i s for ma l ly or s o ciall y ser v ed T h ey .

 I I Z C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

”
a c ters
“
Zog u a t al t h o u gh th i s ter m i s m ore ofte n appl ied t o
,
’

t he p ipa ( E r zoootry a j a fion zea )

'

T h e fr u i ts o f al l of th e d i flere nt Species a n d varieties are

co n s i dered by th e C h i n ese to be cool i n g I f eate n i n ex c ess .
,
”
t h ey are th o u gh t to i n crease t h e ph leg m a nd this is “
,

probabl y n o t adv a n tageo us to t h e h ea lth Th e s weet varieties .

i n crease bro n c h ial secret i o n a nd th e so u r pro m ote expe c tora ,

t i on . T h ey al l q ue n c h th i rst a nd are sto m a c h ic a n d car m i n a ,

tive .

T h e pee l o f th e ripe fr u i t i s fo u n d u n d er vari o u s n a m es ,

o f w h i ch t h e P én f s a o gi ves it? 1g ( H ua ng chu $1: K

“

( H ung a nd
fi K ( sto m s l ists als o ‘
E C h e n Th e C u

giv e lgfi j ( K no p i ) as a n eq u i val e n t f o r th e last

-
‘
a n d says

t h at at C a n to n i t is th e peel take n fro m th e m a n dar i n ora n ge .

£ C h h g r $5 $ : C h ieh h g i a n oth er ter m for

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t h e pee l co m i n g fro m F u k i e n a n d C h ek i a n g w h i le Hz ,

( C h n p i ) or E} K ( C h ieh p i ) c o m es fro m so u ther n F u k ie n a n d

‘ -
‘
-

K ua n gt u n g A l th o u gh c i t r u s fr u i ts o f m a n y vari et ies are

.

exceed i n gl y pl e n t i fu l i n C h i n a very l i ttl e o f th e pee l o f th es e ,

fr u i ts i s th row n a way ; se rva n ts c h i ldre n rag p i c k ers a n d , ,

-
,

o th ers ga th er i n g i t a l l u p d ry i n g i t a n d sel l i n g to th e d r u g ,

gists w h o u s e e n or m o u s q u a n t i t i es o f i t i n th e preparati o n o f
,

m ed i c i n es Th e c ool i e ora n ge peel i s espe c i al ly estee m ed a nd

.
,

s e l ls a t a h i gh er pr i c e th a n th e oth ers T h e pee l is regarded .

b y th e C h i n ese d octor as a pa n a c ea for al l sorts o f i lls A m o ng .

t h e m a n y q u al i ties a t tr i b u te d t o i t are sto m ach i c sti m u la nt .

, ,

a n t i spas m od i c a n t i ph l ogisti c a n d t u ss i c T h e d i ffi c u l ties for

, ,
.

w h i c h i t is re c o m m e n ded al so i n c l u de m aras m u s i n c h i ldre n ,

d ysp n oea i n t h e aged fi s h a n d l obster p oiso n i n g p i n w or m s

, , ,

a n d ca n c er of t h e breast I t i s ad m i n istered both i n pi l l a nd

.

d ecoct i o n togeth er w i th g i n ger a n d oth er car m i n at ives

, .

T h e peel o f th e u n r i pe fr u i t is cal led 1% } ; ( C h i ‘

j ng
ch ii or s i m pl y fi A t th e prese n t t i m e th e
i mm at u re o r u n r i pe fr u i t i s ofte n d ried w h ol e o r i n sl i c es .

O th er n a m es fo u n d th erefore are ) 1 5 If ( H siao c h i n g

,
:
, \
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Bi f ( C h i n g p i t z u) a n d fi fig 75
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‘ ‘ ‘ -
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.

fr e s h i t is very fra gra n t b ut see m s t o soo n lose i ts aro m a a n d

, ,

beco m e of l it tl e v a l u e Its v i rt ues are regarded t o be for t h e

.

m ost par t car m i na t i v e T he v irt ues ascr ibed t o sev eral d ecoc
.
 VEGE T AB L E K I NGDOM . 1 1 3

t i o ns for ex ter nal appl i c ati o n m us t be p u rel y i magi na ry A .

s o r t o f a s p i ri t o f ora nge m ade w i th h ot w i n e o f th e m e m bra n e ,

coveri n g th e p ul p i s regard ed as a s u re re m ed y for na usea ,

.

O ra n ge seeds ( 2 2 5 depr iv ed o f th e ir h u sks a nd

, ,

r u bbed u p i n a m ortar a n d th e n d eco c ted w i th w i ne are , ,

”
p res c ri bed for u ri na ry d i ffi c u l ti es w i n e n ose v aricocel e , , ,

a n d b u boes Th e ex pressed j u i ce fro m ora n ge l eaves is also

.

u sed as a car m i n a t i ve to pro m ote m e n str uati o n a nd as a , ,

dressi ng to u l c ers a n d ca nc ero u s sores Th e d ried l eaves ( 2 3 6 ) .

ar e als o u sed i n d ecoc ti o n for th e sa m e p u rposes Th e ch al aza .

,

m : 35 ( C h i t l o ) { Q g ( Ch u pa i ) is e m pl oyed i n t h e treat me nt
-
,
-
,

of m e n str u al d isorders .

C i tr u s n obi l i s i s c o n si dered t o be s t i m ul a n t t o d i gesti o n ,

correc tive a n d d i u ret i c ,

Th e pee l i s u sed as a c ar m i n ati ve .

a n d i n al c oh ol is m A h ot stro n g d ecocti o n is used i n fever is h

.
,

c olds T h e pee l of t h e w i l d var i ety i s co ns i dered e ffi c a c io us

.

i n sore th roat Th e seeds are used i n t h e preparati o n o f

.

c os m eti c appl i cati o n s a n d a dec oc ti o n of t h e l ea f b u ds i n th e

,

t reat m e n t o f otorrh oea .

C i tr u s a u r a n t i u nz is c o n sidered to be si m ilar t o th e s h ad
d ock .I ts special proper ti es are t h o ug h t t o be corre cti ve a nd
d e o b s tr u a n t Th e s o u r j u i ce is rej e cted a n d t h e re m ai n der o f
.
,

th e p ul p i s m i xed w i th h o n ey for t h e treat m e n t o f i nd i ges t io n

a nd fl at u le n ce I t is also u sed as a n a n tid ote to fi s h a nd
.

sh ri m p poiso n i n g Th e seeds are br u ised a n d ap pl ied t o th e

.

face a t n igh t for pi m pl es a n d freck les E xcel l e n t m arm alade .

(E E C h é n
, g k ao ) m ‘
a
y be m ade fro m th is ora n ge
-
.

Ci tr u s a et u nza n a th e m
’
p u e l o or p o nzp el m oo s e
, , ,

i s a large th i c k sk i n n ed y el l o w fr u i t
, I t h as bee n k n ow n , .

si nce t h e days o f th e G rea t Y ii w h o m e n ti o ns i t i n h i s Tri b u te ,

R ol l . O ther n a m es g i ve n i n t h e P en ts a o are 1151? if : fit

”
( H u ka n j ug ora nge fro m i ts occasi o n al sh ape ) 5 lg
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‘
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, ,

fi: Q ( C h u l u a n) A n a n c i e n t w a y o f w r i t i n g th e c h ar acter
‘
-
.

co m m o n ly u sed f o r th e p u m el o is fig( Y u ) Th i s fr u i t flo u ri s h es .

t h ro ugh o u t so u th Ch i na a n d i s especi al l y fo u n d i n t h e A m oy ,

re gi o n w h i ch i s fa m o u s fo r i ts p u m el os
, Th e flow ers o f t h e .

tree are very fragra n t a n d th e fr u i t w h e n str i pped o f i ts th ick , , ,

spo ngy ri nd is o f exq u is ite taste I t i s freq u e n tly gra ft ed u po n

, .
r1 4 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A MED I C A .

ot h er species o f C i tr u s a nd co n siderabl e i m prove m e nt i n fla v or

,

h a s res u l ted th erefro m Th e fr u i t is c o n si dered t o be d igesti ve

.
,

c orre c t ive a n t i v i n o us a n d i s specia ll y re c o m m e n ded for t h e

, ,

u s e of preg n a n t w o m e n T h e peel is bi tter b u t very aro m at i c

.
, .

I f e n o ugh is used i t m ak es a n excel le n t sto m ach i c Th e

,
.

C h i nese us e i t i n co u gh s a n d d yspepsi a Th e l eaves are br u ised .

togeth er w ith o ni o ns a n d appl i ed t o t h e te m ples for h eadac h e

, .

T h e fl owers a re u sed i n cos m e ti c preparati o n s .

C i tr u s m ed i a l i n C h i n a as i n so ut her n E u rope is rep , ,

res e n ted b y m a n y var iet i es Th e m os t co m m o n o ne is th a t .

o f C i tr u s ck i r o m r u s fi ,
p 3 H ( F o sh o u
,
k an ) 2
3 3 The
. fr u i t - -
,
.

i s for m ed by th e n at u ral separat i o n of i ts c o n st i t u a n t carpels

i n to a for m s o m ew h at rese m bli n g a h a nd w i t h t h e fi ngers l ai d
cl osel y togethe r l o n g i t u d i n al l y Wh y i t sh o ul d h ave bee n .

’
cal led B udd h a s h a n d is n ot clear Th e J ews carr ied t h e .

c i tro n ( et/ zr o
g ) i n th e l eft h a n d a t th e Feast of Taber n acl es as a
sacri fi ce of a s wee t s m el l a nd possi bl y th e C h i nese na m e o f ,

t h i s d e n otes so m e si m i lar pra c ti c e co n nec ted w i th th e w orsh i p

o f B u dd h a or i t m a y h av e bee n th o ug h t t o rese m bl e t h e h a n d
o f B u ddh a s i mage ’
Th e tree grow s n ear th e w ater i n a l l o f
.

t h e so u th er n prov i n ces Th e l eaves are l o ng a nd poi n ted a nd

.

th e bra n ch es pr i ck led T h e yel l ow fr u i t attai n s a very lar ge

.

size i n so m e c ases a n d is m u c h pri zed i n C e n tral a nd N orth er n

,

C h i n a w h ere i t is carried i n t h e h a n d o r pl a c ed o n t abl es t o

, , ,

gi v e o u t i ts stro n g a n d d el i c i o us per fu m e I n t he so u th w h ere .

,

th e fr u i t i s ple n ti ful i t i s al so pl a c e d i n cl ot h es presses w i t h

,
-

t h e sa m e obj e c t i n V i e w a n d i t is m ade i n to a preserve or t h e ,

u c t i s fo u n d i n
j u ice is u sed t o w as h fi n e l i ne n Th e prod .

c o mm er c e pri n ci pal l y i n t he for m of th e dried peel { 33 Sf F l: ,

.

( F o sh o u
-
2
3 5 Th is o cc u rs i n fi n e dried
. sl i ces t h i n ,

a n d sh ri ve lled t h e gree n is h y e l l ow c u t i cl e fri n gi n g th e w h ite

,
-
,

i n ert cel l u l ar tiss u e w h ich for m s th e greater par t o f th e d r u g

,
‘

T h e s m el l is c itro n l ik e b u t fai n t a n d the taste aro matic a nd

-
, ,

b itte r So me of t h e dr u g m e t w i t h i n th e d ru gsh op s is very

.

dark .S to m a c h ic st i m u l a n t tu ss ic expe c tora n t a n d to n i c

, , , ,

properties are attrib u ted to th is dr ug fig 3 $5 ( F o sh o u k a n )

2 7
.
- -

i s s i m pl y th e w h ol e fr u i t d r i ed a n d d oes n o t d i ff er i n u se fro m ,

t h e peel Th e root a n d th e leaves are u sed for th e sa m e

.

p urposes as t h e peel a nd th e flowers appear i n co m merce , b ut

,
 I I 6 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

p ie c es bo u n d toge th er i n th e ce n tre w i th red si l k th read .

”
Th ese sel l for a bo u t a tae l a pa ir ( B ra un says th at t h e y .

sel l for fi v e ce n ts a pai r i n Ca n t o n ) “

Th e pie c es var y fro m .

t w o i nch es a n d a h al f to th ree i n c hes a n d t h ree q u ar ters i n -

d ia meter t h e s malles t pie c es fet c h i n g the h igh es t pri c e I t is .

m ade i n to a ti nc t ure a n d i s m u c h estee m ed i n t h e c e n tral a nd

,

n orth er n prov i n ces as a sedati ve c ar m i n at i ve sto m ac h i c a n d

, , ,
”
ex pectora n t re m ed y Th e ap pe n d i x to t h e P éu ts a o d escribes
.

t h is H ua ch o u c h ii h u n g ( H; M i t? fit ) i n ver y m u c h th e sa m e
- - -

wa y as d oes P orter S m i th I t m akes i t o u t t o be a h a i ry ora n ge

.
,

t ake n i n th e i m m at u re state a nd spl i t i n to a s tell ate for m o f

s e v e n rays a n d a fter be i n g dri ed i s t ied i n pai rs w i t h re d c ord
, .

Th e sa m e ora n ge is so m e ti m es ca ndi ed w h ole or co m pressed ,

i n to a cak e a nd th e n ca n d ied .

Ci t r u s t S Ctl or Ci tr u s tr if o l i a ta if! ( C h i h )
‘

,
Th is see ms ,
.

t o be th e best i de n t i fi c a t i o n atta i nable Lo u reiro F r a nch e t .

, ,

a n d th e J a pa n ese al l so regard i t S iebol d a nd H e m sle y c a l l .

i t E l e s ep i a r i a
{
a
g O th er n a m es w h ic h th e Japa n ese appl y to
.

t h e sa m e pl a n t are its] {Q ( K o u — c h ii ) a nd i 453} ( C h o n c h u ) -

‘
-
,

b u t th e P é u ts a o d i s c u sses th ese tw o l a t ter u nd er a h ead i n g

separate fro m th e C h i h B re ts c h n e id er says th a t o ne o f th e
.

p l a n ts th u s c o n fo u n ded m a y be Tr ip / zu s i a t r
if o i i a ta a th or ny ,

b us h i n di ge n o us to C h i n a as wel l as to J apa n a nd c u l ti vated a t

K ew . Th ere i s n o d o u b t th a t th e prod u cts appeari n g i n
Ch i n ese m edi c i ne are fro m a C i tr us Th e m ost c o mm o n for m .

is c al led i n i ? ( C h i h a nd c o n s i sts of th e fr u i ts c u t i n h a l f
i
,

a nd dried I t i s i n cir c u lar d iscs o f o ne o r tw o i n ch es i n

.

dia m eter n earl y flat o n t h e c u t s id e a nd ro u n ded o n th e oth er

,
.

Th e pee l i s fi r m a nd ve ry th i ck for m i n g abo u t hal f th e ,

th i c k n ess o f th e spe c i m e n E xter n all y i t i s ro u gh . of a ,

redd is h or bl a c k i sh brow n col or a nd i n ter n all y i t i s b uff

-
,
.

Th e taste is bi tter a n d agreeabl y aro m at i c W h eth er th e .

for m k n ow n as $51 E ( C h i h s h i h ) is t h e sa m e fr u i t gath ered i n

-

a m ore i m m a t u re state a n d d ried or w h eth er i t i s th e prod uc t ,

of a d i ff ere n t pl a n t is n o t c l ear ,
The P é zzts a o says th at bot h.

are gath ered i n th e n i n t h a nd t e n t h m oo n s a n d wh i le th e ,

l a n g uage is n o t clear th e place o f col le c ti o n w o uld see m to be

,

so m e w ha t d i ff ere n t Th e pr i n c i pal so u rces o f s u pply fo r bot h

.

dr ugs is Szech ua n a nd K u a ngt ung Th e proper ties ascribe d .

 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDOM . 1 7

t o bot h are s t o mach i c c ool i n g d e o b s t ru a n t a n d car m i n at ive

, , , .

They are bot h pre s c ri bed for a very la rge n um ber o f ex c ee d

i n gl y dissi m ilar m al ad ies a n d s ee m t o be i n very gre at favor ,

w i th th e C h i nese i n al l sorts o f pr es c r i pti o ns Th e r i n d .

o f t h e fr u i t t h e bark o f t h e root a n d th e yo u n g leaves are

, ,

al l u sed ; th e latter bei ng reco m m e n d ed i n pl ace o f tea i n

colds . A w i ne decoct io n o f t he roo t b ar k is reco mm e nded i n
t ooth a c h e ,

O f th e 115] 1; ( K o u c h ii ) w h i ch i n deed m a y be fi g le -
,

s ep i a r i cz th e leaves
,
th or ns seeds a n d bark o f th e tree are a ll
, , ,

u sed i n i nd iges t i o n fl uxes a nd d yse n te r y ,

T h e fl ow ers a nd ,
.

fr ui t o f th is w h i le rese m bl i n g t h ose o f th e o ra n ge are not

, ,

f ra gra n t Porter S m i th call s th is C i t r u s é iga r a a i a

.
‘ ’
.

Th e i fig ( H sia ng yii a n) w h i c h is very co m m o n i n so me

s -
,

parts of C h i n a is a variety o f c i tron no t so l ar ge as so m e oth ers

, ,
.

I ts p u l p i s v ery so u r a n d so m e w ha t bi tter rese m bl i n g i n tast e ,

t h e ti me a lth o u g h th e fr u i t is la rger th a n th at O f Ci t r u s a ei a a
,
’
.

I t m a y be regarded si m pl y as a variety o f C i tr u s me d i ea T h e .

l emon has bee n c al le d b y t h e sa m e n a m e b y fore ig ners i n

C h i na as w e l l as b y t h e n a m es 1? if; ( N i ng meng ) a nd
, $3? ( Li -

m en g ) B u t i t is pre t ty c ertai n t h at th e le m o n d oes n o t gro w

.

i n C h i n a proper o r a t leas t h as bee n b ut l atel y i n tr od uc ed a n d

, ,

th ere fore i t i s no t n a m e d T h e K u a ug e/ t ii u f u re fers to a

'

n .
p - - -

s m al l species o f C i t r u s u n der th e last n a m e give n a bove as ,

h av i ng very acid fr u i t b ut n o m edi ci n a l pro pe rties are referred

,

( Ta n pu l o ) or 15 fi ( C han
“
to i t . M r E i tel gi v es { E sj
.
‘ ‘
- -

p
‘
o -
l o ) as t h e C h i no B u dd h i st na m e o f t h e -
C i t r u s a ei aa
’
.

CL AU S E N A J}: WA M P I .
( H ua ng p i -
‘ -
tz u) , 5I 9 .

T h is is a R u taceo u s pl a n t y iel di n g th e del i c io us yell ow ski n n ed

,
-

f r u i t cal led ii f} : ( H u a ng i k by th e C h i ne se a nd by
‘ -
“

p u o ) -
,

f ore i g n ers ze d/r up ee I t is c o m m o n i n .s o u th er n C h i n a a nd th e

I n dia n ar c h i pelago Th e P é u ts a o g ives i ts ori g i n as H u a n g

.

c h o u i n K u a n gs i bu t says th a t i t is also fo u n d i n K u a n gt u n g
,
.

T h e fr u i t is sou r w i t h a y el l o w fu rry sk i n a n d w h i tish p u l p

, , ,

s u rro u n di n g se v eral gre e n i sh bla c k s eeds I f on e h as eate n to o -

.

m a n y l i e/ zi s th e w am pee w i l l c o u n terac t th e bad e ff ects

,
Li ch is .

sh o u l d be eate n w h e n on e i s h u n gr y a n d wa m pees o n l y o n a ,

f u l l sto m ac h T h e ir m edica l proper ties are sto m ach ic cool i ng,

.
,
1 1 8 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

anda n t h e l m i n ti c Th e root O f th e pl a n t al so appears

. in co m
merce bu t th e P é u ts a o does n o t m e nt i o n it .

CL E M A TI S GRAV E O L E N S 5g } (
3 1 H u a n g y
. a c -

t zii ) 52 4
,
O th er n a m es are
.
gg
E 5 5
( M u y ao t z ii
) j ( Ta - -
, ;

k u) Q ( C h ih yao) a n d fig] : Q ( H u n g ya o tz u ) Th e
‘ ‘ - - -
.
, ,

P é u ts a o says t hat th e pla n t bears so m e rese m bla nc e t o bot h

G ly ey r r fi i z a g l a br a a n d M e u tk a p iper i ta b u t th at i t is n eith er ,
.

I t grows to th e h ei gh t o f t wo or th ree fee t w i th a j oi n te d stal k , ,

lar ge lea v es w h i te or pi n k i sh flowers a nd has a l o n g root

, , ,

el lo w i n c ol or Th e root i s th e par t u sed i n m ed i c i n e I ts

y . .

t aste is ex c eed i n gl y bi tter a nd so m e wh a t cool i n g I ts ac tio n i s .

re garded as a n tise pt ic a nd cool i n g I t is prescr i bed as a gargl e .

i n u lcerated th roat as a n appl i c a ti o n i n d o g a n d serpe n t b i tes

, ,

a n d t o be take n i n cases o f h e m orr h a ge fro m t h e sto m ach or

t h roa t . C l em a t i s f l or i d a ( ii {a fi g Tie h hsi e n l i e n ) is n ot ,

- -

m e n ti o n ed i n a n y of t h e C h i nese m ed i ca l w ork s co n s u l ted a nd ,

n ei t h er i s C l e m a ti s p a t e n s ( i é C h u a n tz u l i e n ) Lo ure iro - -
.

cal ls E ( M u t u n g) C l e ma ti s s i u ezzs i s
- ‘
b u t t h e d r u g se l l i n g ,

u n der th i s n a m e h as bee n i de n ti fi ed as A k e bi a q u i rza ta ( see

p . Th e pla n t prod uc i ng t h e dr u g h owe v er sti l l n eeds , ,

i de n t i fi ca t io n .

C L E M A TI S M I N OR n —fi u
1L ( W ei l i n
g h sie n ) 1 4 43 - -
, .

T h is pla n t grows i n th e n orth er n pr o v i nces especia l l y i n ,

S h e n si I t bears j ade l ik e w h i te fl o wers i n a pa n icl e a n d h as

.
-
,

a l o n g black is h root w h i ch t u r n s q u i te black w h e n d ry R oo ts

,
.

of a l i gh t er c ol or are n o t re garded as ge n u i ne Th e t aste is a .

sw eet ish bitter I ts actio n is c o nsidered to be a n ti m alarial

-
.
,

d i u reti c a n d a n tir h e u m a ti c a nd i s prescri bed i n a ll sorts o f

, ,

m usc u lar rh e u m atis m co n s t i patio n a n d d i fli c ul ti es d ue to

, ,

catch i n g cold .

C L E M A TI S P A N IC U L A T A ju
j A E ( H s i e n j e n .
- -

A decoct io n of th i s pla n t is u sed to wash scroful o u s sores i n

c h i ldre n I t is rep u ted t o be a n a n tidote i n ver mi l l i o n poiso n
.

i n g a n d th e ex pressed j uice is used i n th e t reat m e n t of cor n ea l

,

opaci ties .

C N I CU S J A P ON I CU S .
filj ( H si ao -c h i
), 4 3 3 . This
is th e i de nti fi cati o n o f M a xi mowi c z a nd t h e J apa nese . Siebol d
1 20 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

m ad e be t wee n t h is pla n t th e C n i cu s j ap on i cu s as th e
a nd
,

C h i n ese regard th e latter as si m pl y a s m a l l variety O f th e

o th er G e n eral l y spe ak i ng th e H s i a o e/
. zi i s u sed i n ter n al ly
, ,
-

a n d th e Ta e/ i i i s th e m ore freq u e n tl y reco mm e nd ed for ex ter n al

-

appl i cati o n .

C N I D IU M M O N N I E R I t§5 717k ( S h é
‘
-
. 1 1 14 .

T h is i s th e S e l i u u m uzom zi er i of L i nn ae us Th e c l ass i c al n a m e .

i s E33 ( H su ) O th er n a m es are M
.
; 717k ( H u i
( Ma ii? 55 6 ( She mi ) 9 fi ; ( S S H i ) ifl
-
fi , t u)
“ .
-
,
-
,

n g mi )
fl ?
“

( Tsao ch i ) a nd
5% g
-
( C,h i a I t i s a fragra n t
‘ -
.

u m bel l i fero u s pl a n t t h e seeds o f w h i c h are u sed i n m ed i ci n e

, .

I t i s fo u n d i n n ear l y every part of C h i na b ut th e prod u c t ,

co m i n g fro m t h e reg i o n of Ya n gc h ow i s c o nsidered t o be th e

best . Th e d r u g h as very l i ttl e O dor b u t a war m taste It is , .

sa i d t o a c t o n t h e k i d n eys a n d t o be aph rodisiac a n ti rh eu

, ,

m a ti c sedat i ve as tri n ge n t v u l n erary a n d d i s c u t i e n t

, , , Washes , .

a n d o i n t m e n ts are m ad e fro m t h e cr ush ed or powdered seeds

f or bat h i n g pr ol aps u s re cti p iles a n a l fi st u la a n d l epro u s or

, , ,

s cabio u s sores Li S h i h C h e n m akes t h e v ery appropri ate

.
-

re m ark th a t al th o ug h w e are fa m i l iarl y acq uai n ted w ith o u r

,

o w n i n d ige n o u s pla n ts we are a pt t o n e glect t h e m i n searc h o f

,

f ar fetch ed dr u gs o f n o better q ual i ty

- .

C O C CULU S —W
j a ( Fa ng c h i ) . T h is i de nt i fi ca t io n
-
, 291 .

i s so m ew h a t d o u b tfu l b u t i s fro m H o flma n n a n d Sch u l tes

, ,

wh o fo l l o w S i e b old Th ey gi ve ;1% F) ? a ( H a n fa n g c hi ) as
.
- -

C occu l u s j ap ou i cu s a n d 7k [91 a ( M u fa n g ch i ) as Coccu l u s

‘
- -
,

T/ zu u be rg i i Faber gi ves F a ug clzi as M eu i sp er uzu m a a u r i

.
-
’

cu m a n d a J apa n ese i d e n t i fi cati o n is S tep /

,
za u i a lzer u a u d i ol i a
f .

T h e Ch i n ese b ook s describe o nl y th e root so i t c a n n ot be ,

deci ded fro m th ese w h a t p la n t i s m ea n t H en ry say s that .

Coccu l u s Tk u u be rg i i i s k n ow n by oth er C h i n ese n a m es i n

Hu peh b u t h e d oes n o t say w h a t th ese are
,
O th er n a m es .

gi v e n b y th e P é i zts a o are fifl Eli ( C h i eh l i ) a nd I6 ( Shih -

c h ieh ) Th e dr u g i s a brow n b u l k y a m yl a c eo u s t u bero u s

.
, , ,

root spl i t l o n g i t ud i n al l y i n t o t wo o r fo u r p i eces a nd sh owi ng

, ,

o n i ts cross se c ti o n so m e th i n g o f th e sa m e rad i ated d i spos i ti o n

of t h e v asc ular t iss ue as i s m et w i t h i n A d e u ep u or a a nd oth er

 VEGE T A B L E K I NG D O M . 1 21

of th e Ca mp a nu la eem Th e s m el l is agreeable a nd th e taste

.
,

bi tter ish a n d m u ci lag i n o u s I t is used i n fe vers dropsies

.
, ,

rh e u mat is m a n d p u l m o nar y d iseases a n d is also said t o be

, ,

di u re tic.
T h e d iseases for w h i ch i t is t o be pres c ri bed are a l l
of a grave ch arac ter a n d i nc l u d e c h ol era a nd p u l m o nary
,

h e m orrha ge W h e n t he i nnoc c u ous c h aracter o f th e dr u g i s

.

c o nsidered o ne w o n ders h o w i t sec u red s uc h a rep u ta tio n e v e n

, ,

i n C h i na T h e fr u i t is used i n prol aps us rec ti

. .

C O C O S N UC IF E RA flfl$ F ( Ye h t z ii )
.
- A lso cal l ed
z C -
.

” 2 "
if; 3 E(
B Y u e h w a n g-
t o u h
-
or n bi
‘
l,
l he ad ) a n d 5 as ( H su .

vu) . I n regard to th e fi rst o f th ese tw o n a m es t h e P é u ts a o ,

s ays th a t th e k i n g of I was a n gry w i t h t he k i n g o f Y u eh ,

i n v i ted h i m to be h is g uest m ade h i m d r u nk a n d took O ff h is

, ,

h ead a nd h un g i t i n a tree w h e n i t t u r ned to a c ocoa n ut

,
-
.

”
S o i t see m s t ha t t h e sla n g p h rase m y c ocoa n u t, referr i ng
“ -

t o t h e h ead h as i ts ori gi n i n a n cie n t C h i nese lege n d

,
T h is .

t ree is m e t w i th i n th e isla n d o f H ai na n a n d o n th e adj ace n t

m ai n la n d of th e K u a n gt u n g provi n ce as far n ort h as lati t u d e ,

T h e a lb u m e n of t h e d r u pe is eate n by th e C h i n ese a nd ,

i s co nsidered by t h e m to be very be ne fi c i al pro m oti ng a ,

h eal th y pl u m p n ess O f fi g u re a n d fa c e T h e j u i ce or m i l k .
,

cal l ed fill if? ( Yeh tz fi c h ia n g ) is co nsid ered by so me to be

- -
,

cool i n g a n d by oth ers h eat i ng Th is d iscrepa n c y i s probabl y

.

d ue to th e fac t t hat o ne i s speak i n g o f th e fresh j u i ce a n d th e ,

oth er O f th a t w h ic h has bee n fer m e n ted T he i n toxi cati n g prop .

e r t i e s o f th e latter are recog n ised a n d i t is sa i d to i nc rease

,

t h irst i nstead o f rel iev i n g i t as th e u n fer me nted j u i ce d oes

, .

T h i s j u ice is sai d to be n u trie n t a nd serviceabl e i n h e m ate m es i s

a n d dropsy . I t h as l ately bee n reco m me nded i n I n di a as a
re med y i n ph th isis debi li ty a nd ca c hexia
,
T he bar k O f t h e
,
.

r oot o f th e tree is reco m m e n ded as a n astri n ge n t a n d sty pt i c

re m ed y i n h e m orrhages a nd fl u xes Th e sh el l of th e n u t .
,

w h ic h is so m e t i m es carved a nd pol ish ed to m ake d ri nk i n g

v essels a n d or n a m e n ts i s i n c i n erated a nd m i xed w i t h w i n e
, ,

t o be u sed i n th e treat me n t o f seco n dary a n d tertiary syph i l i t i c

m a n i festa t i o n s Th e c ol lect i o n of th e s wee t j u i ce o f th e
.

flower i n g bra n c h of th is a nd o f t he P a l my r a pa l m is al l u ded ,

t o as h av i n g bee n k n ow n i n C h i na si n ce th e H a n dy nas t y .
 1 22 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

T h e P al my ra pal m B or a s s u s fla bell zfo r m zs is cal l ed t h e 15 fi

’ ’

, ,

( Pe i sh u) a n d i t y ields arrack a nd a k i n d o f w h ite s u gar cal le d

-
,

f agg ery i n I ndia T h e tree is said to grow i n th e so uth er n

.

provi n ces D r War i n g speaks o f a todd y po u lt i ce m ade by

. .

add i ng t h e fres h l y dra w n j u ice o f t he c o c oa o r Pal m yra pal m

t o ri ce flo u r t i l l i t h as th e c o nsiste nce o f a soft po u l tice a nd ,

s u bj ec t i ng th i s t o h ea t over a ge n tle fi re u n ti l fer m e n tat i o n

c o mme n ces T h is po ul ti ce appli ed a fter t h e m a n ner o f th e o ld
.
,

fas h i o ned y eas t p o u l t ice t o ga ngre n o u s sores carb u n c les a nd , ,

i n dole n t u l cers is sai d t o be v ery u se fu l

,
Th e fi bers o f th e r i nd .

o f t h e cocoa n u t a nd th e bro w n cotto n l i k e

-
,
s u bs ta n ce fro m -

t h e o u tside o f t h e base of t h e fro n ds of t h e Pal myra pal m ma y ,

be used t o sta u n c h wo u n ds .

C O I X LA C H RY M A Q: t ; ( I i j ) 54 7
en O t h er
.
- -
,
.

n a m es fl }; fi ( C h ieh l i ) g
, ( C h i Sh i h ) 5K -
( K a n mi )
,
-
,
-
,

[ E] [ ] 5K ( H ui h u i m i ) a n d g
E
l -
( I c h u t z u) Th is gra m i
-
,
- -
.

meo u s pl a n t gro ws i n mars h es as w el l as o n t h e pla i ns a nd ,

fi elds t o th e h e i gh t o f s evera l fee t

,
It i s said t h a t t h e fa m o us .

ge n eral M a Y ue n ( A D 4 9 ) i n trod uced t h e pl a n t i n to C h i n a

. .

f ro m C oc h i n C h i na I t d oes n o t fl o u r i sh so w el l h ere as i t d oes

.

i n t h e P h i li ppi n es w h ere t h e C h i n ese se ttl ers m ak e a k i n d o f

,

m eal of t h e seeds w h ich i s very n o u rish i n g fo r th e sic k

,
Th e .

seeds are h ard a n d bead l i k e a n d are s o m e wh a t l i ke pear l ,

barley for w h ic h t h ey are so m e ti m es m is tak e n i n t h e C usto m s

,

l is t s a nd f or w h i c h th e y m ak e a n excel le n t s u bsti t u te
,
H ow .

ever th ey are larger a nd coarser t h a n pearl barley

,
The u n .

h u lled cor ns are ofte n s t r ung by c h ild re n as bead s a nd pries t s ,

are so m et i m es see n usi ng t h e largest o nes i n t h eir rosaries .

T h e seeds are co ns idere d by th e C h i nese t o be n u tri t i o us ,

d e mulce nt cool i n g pec t ora l a nd a n th el m i n ti c

, ,
G i ve n e i th er ,
.

i n t h e f or m o f so up or co n gee i t is h i gh l y re c o mm e n ded by ,

na ti v e doctors I t is co ns i dered to be espe c ial l y use fu l i n

.

u ri n ary a fle c t i o n s probabl y o f t h e bladder A w i n e is m ad e

'

.
,

by fer m e n ti n g th e gra i n a nd is g i ve n i n r h e um at is m Th e ,
.

r oot of t h e p la n t is sai d t o be a n ex cel l e n t a n t h el m i n ti c Th e .

leaves also gath ered i n t h e s u m m er m o nt h a nd made i n t o a

,

decoc t io n are sa id t o be ne fi t t h e breat h a n d b lood A ne w bor n

,
.

i n fa nt , was h ed i n th is decoc t i o n w i l l be preserved fro m d i sease ,

.
1 24 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

S el za a m Li S h i h C h e n say s t h at th e dr ug w as call ed E; {5} fi

'

-
.

5? ( M a h sie n hsi u ng
- -
fro m th e rese m bla n c e of th e
root w i th i ts j o i n ts t o a h orse s bi t I t w as also cal led é H ’
g? fi .

( C h i ao n a o h si u n g ) w h e n co m i n g fro m K u a n c h u n g o n ac c o u n t
- -
, ,

o f th e co m ac t m asses rese m bl i n g th e brai n of a bird T h i s

p .

l atter i s also c al l ed 3? fi ( Ch i n g h s i u n gl a n d E g ( H s i -

h s i u n g) Th e C h e kia n g variety is cal led f ; ( T a i h si u n g )

‘ -

m
.
,

a nd th at fro m K i a n gna n is cal led E; ( P u h s i u n g ) Th e -

.

d r u g is c u l ti vate d i n so m e parts o f C h i n a a n d th e c u l ti v ated ,

var i e t i es are regarded m ore h i gh l y th a n t h e w il d o n es ; th ese

l atter ofte n be i n g s m al l i n si ze a nd h av i n g a bi tter p u nge n t ,

taste . Th e parts u sed i n m ed i ci n e are t h e r oot a n d l eaves .

Th e for me r is reco m m e n ded for a large varie ty o f d i ffi c u l t i es

s u c h as c olds h eada c h e a n ae m ia m e n orr ha gia retai ned
, , , ,

pl a c e n ta ster i l i ty pai n s a n d ach es of al l k i n ds i ncl u d i ng

, ,

tooth ache h e m optysis ph th is i s str u m o u s d i ffi c ul ti es rh e u

, , , ,

m a t i s m a nd fl u xes
,
Th e lea ves are sa i d t o be a n th el m i n tic
.
,

a n d are al so u sed i n th e treat m e n t of d i arrh oea a n d d yse n ter y .

Th e flowers o f th e pla nt are used i n t h e prepara tio n of fa c i al

cos met ics .

C ON O C E P H A LU S C O N I C A —
;ltl
1 Q ( Ti ch i e n .
5
52
3 I -
‘

T h is i s Faber s i de n ti fi cat i o n
’
B u t th i s n a m e is gi v e n i n.

t h e P é n ts a o u n der t h e arti c l e o n E if ; g ( C h i h s ueh -

w h i c h i s N epe ta g l ee/ 20a m u n de r w h i c h titl e th i s w il l fi nd

,

re f ere n ce .

C O N O P H A LLU S K O NJ AK ( C h u j o) T h is .is -
.

a n A roi d pl a n t so id e n ti fi ed by t h e J a pa nese
,
O th er n a m es .

g i ve n i n t h e P é ms a o are in; 5 15 J( o 52 3 3 5 ( K ue i
y u ) a n d ,
-
,

K ei I t i s sa i d to grow i n m oi st a n d sh ad y
fi fig ( u

pl aces pri n ci pal l y i n th e m o u n tai n o u s regi o ns of Sze c h ua n

,

a n d F uk i e n Th e root i s th e par t u sed a n d i t is co n s idere d

.
,

t o be v ery p oiso n o u s bei n g sa i d to prod u ce h e m ate m es i s w h e n

,

i n gested i n s u ffi ci e n t d ose I ts m ed i c a l u ses are n ot c learl y

.

stated B ei ng a v i r u le n t poiso n i t i s re c o m m e n ded i n s u c h

.
,

d i fli c ul t i e s as ca n cer rode n t u l c er l u p
,
u s a n d th e l i ke Th e
, ,
.

o n l y med ica l proper ty m e n t i o n ed is th at o f rel ie v i n g t h irs t ,

possibl y d u e t o a siala go gue e ff ect .

 VEGE T AB L E K I NGDOM . r2
5

C O N VO L V ULU S —T h e c o m m o n represe nt a t i v e o f th e
.

Co n vol v ula c e ae i n C h i n a is th e fig 212 ( H s ii a n h ua ) a nd th is i s -

,

C a ly s teg za s ep i a m ( w h i ch see ) i i : 1 3 ( C h ie n
A oth er
n s £ : 5 .
‘

n i u t z u) w h i c h i s [ p o w a a a n d w i l l be re ferred to u nde r tha t

-
,

ti tle . A t Pek i n g s z/ol z/u Za S a r r/5 725 21? is fo u n d u n der t h e

n a m e o f fl W 72 ( Ta w a n h u a ) a n d 335 E ( Y e n f u) A noth er
- - -
.
,

ide n t i fi ed by Fa ber as Con v ol w zl a s j apmzzczzs i s H

'

fl
C ; j}

( Ch e n c h ih m o u t a n) N o n e of th ese l atte r h owev e r i s

‘ - - -
.
, ,

s pec i al l y m e n t i o n ed i n th e P é n l s a o a n d th ey are n o t co ns i dered

,

as d i ff er i n g m ateri al ly fro m t h e pri n ci pal m e m bers o f t h is

fa m i ly .

C O PTI S T E E T A E: ii . l ie n ) 51 6 The ( H u a ng -
, .

d i ffere n t n a m es gi ve n for t h is d r u g i n th e C u sto ms l is t s re fer

t o d i ffere n t q u al i ti es a nd places of ori gi n T h e P ém s a o gi ves .
‘

as ad d i t i o nal n a m es 3 3 ii; ( Wa n g l ie n ) a nd i i? ( C hi h l ie n ) - -
.

T h e pl a n t gro w s ex te ns i vel y th ro u gh o u t C h i n a b u t th e bes t ,

co m es fro m Szec h u a n w h ere i t is c ul t iva ted ,

I t is a .

R a nu n c u l aceo u s pla n t a nd th e root h as so m e t i m es th e

,
’
appeara n ce o f a bird s c la w T w o k i n ds of roots are descri be d
.

i n t h e C h i n ese books o n e bei n g h air y ( fi n e rad icl e fi bers ) a nd

t h e oth er c oarse a n d k n otted for m i n g a series o f u n i ted t u bers
, .

Large q ua n t it i es of t h is d r ug are sh i pped fro m C h i na t o I nd ia .

S iebold ide n ti fi es i t as Cap i zs a fl mmmza f ol za a n d th e Japa n ese

' '

a
,

descri be a th ree l eaved a n d a fi v e leaved variety

-
Porter -
.

S m i th wro ngl y i de n t i fi es H u a ng l i en as T h e d r ug-

,

as i t appears i n th e m arket i s i n sh or t bra n ch i ng pieces o ne , ,

or t w o i n ch es l o ng of a y ell ow is h brow n color a n d O fte n

,
-
,

bristled w i t h radi cles Th e i n ter i or is h ard t h e c ortical par t

.
,

be i n g d ark a n d t h e ce n tral portio n be i n g pierced by a pi th o f

,

deeper sh ad e Th e c ol or of t h e m ai n p ort i o n is a deep ric h

.
,

y el l o w Th e taste i s i n te n sel y bi tter b u t aro m ati c

. Th e , .

m ore bri t tl e th e root i s th e m ore h i gh l y i ts rep u ted v i rt u es

, .

I t i s re g a rded by C h i nes e doc tors as a sort o f a pa n a c ea fo r a

grea t m a n y i l ls I t is s u pposed t o cl ear i n fla m ed e yes t o
.
,

be n e fi t t h e c h es t to c o m bat feve r a n d t o act as a n al terati ve

, ,

or a lex i ph ar m i c dr u g I ts u se i n al l for m s o f d yse ntery i s

.

s pe c i a ll y reco m m e n d ed a n d i n d i abetes t o rel ieve th i rst a n d

,

red uce t h e q u a nti ty of u ri ne V a r io us poiso ns especial ly th a t

.
,
1 26 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

o f t h e Cro t o n bea n are said t o be a n ta go n ized by i t

, M os t .

m id w i ves i n sist u po n every i n fa n t sw a l low i n g a dose O f th is

dr u g m i x ed w i t h b orax soo n after birth
,
Th i s is said t o
,
.

prev e n t a p t h ae a nd t o eli m i n ate o r c o u n tera c t al l sy ph i l i ti c

Th e d r u g c l osel y rese m bl es t h e C r ej a zf or K a ma t o f
’

p oiso n .
'
,

I n d i a i n i ts ac t i o n w h ic h i s th e sa m e i n ge n eral ch ara c ter as

,

t h a t o f C/ Th e leaves a n d stal k are n ot used Th e

'

zzr e l t a . .

gg (
i K a n ) a n d oth er i n fa n t i l e d i sorders are treated bot h
t op i c a l l y a n d i n ter n all y by t h i s d r u g A ti n c t u re m a y be .

”
m ade t o be ta k e n as a b it ter by d igest i n g th ree o un ces o f
“
,

t h e sl i ced r oot a n d tw o o u nc es of cool ie ora n ge peel f or a w ee k -

i n a pi n t of bra n d y Th i s is of s o m e u s e i n i n di gest io n i n
.

cases w h er e bi t ters are s o m e t i m es prescribed .

C O R C H O RU S ? ( T a ng t i )
in Dr ‘
P Y R IF O RM I S .
-
. .

M orr i so n gi ves t h i s as t h e n a m e o f th e C h i n o J apa n ese specie s -

o f C o r ch or u s w h i c h w i t h Tr za mfi ezta
’

a n ot h er Ti l iaceo us pla n t ‘

, ,

y i elds th e h e m p fi b e r cal led P o Zo m a

-
Th e S / zzzow é a m akes - -
.

t h e above c ha ra c ters t o be o n l y a vari o u s w r i t i n g o f fig iifi

T a ng t i ) C h i n ese wr iters des c r i be t h is tree very d i ffere n tly
(
‘ -
.

so m e m a k i n g i t o u t t o be a sor t O f pl u m or ch erry w h i le ,

oth ers th i n k i t t o be a n aspe n o r popla r Li S h i h C he n says .

-

th a t i t is th e sa m e as t h e f? l}? ( C h a n g ti ) w h i c h is i de n t ical ‘ -
,

w i t h th e fifi 25? ( Y u l i ) P r zm a s j ap om ca W 32 ( T i t a ng) is
'

- -
‘
, .

K ar ma j ap mzzca
'

Cor e/wr a s cap s zzl a ms is als o ide n ti fi ed by th e J a pa n ese as

'

fi } f
f : ( H u a n g m a
) -
I t i s c u l ti va
. ted for i ts fi bre (j a ze ) in
so u t h C h i n a a n d ot h er parts of trop ical A si a I t i s n o t k n o wn .

t o be u sed i n m ed ic i n e I t m a y be t h a t i n th e P én tsa o
.

a n d oth er C h i n ese m ed ica l w orks i t is re arded as ide n t ica l

g
w i th j g [fin

C OR D Y C E P S S I N E N S I S Iéj 5 fi ( H sia ts ao - ‘
.

t u ng 2 87 T h is fu ngus descr i bed by t h e C h i nese as

.
,

a pl a n t i n s u m m er a n d a n i n sec t i n w i n ter grows u po n th e ,

p u pa o f a k i n d o f ca terp i l lar as a parasi te I t i s sai d t o be .

c o m m o n i n so u th er n Th ibet b ut th e P é n ts a o says t h a t i t ,

c o m es fro m Sze c h ua n a nd th is is t h e s o u rce o f ori gi n gi v e n i n

,

t h e C u s to ms l ists I t is not so rare n or so m uc h th o ught of as

.
I 28 C H I NE SE M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

C ORN U S M A C H R OP H Y L L A lg ( S u n g ya n g) .
-
.

H — ’

e n ry s o ide n t i fi es t h i s B u t i n J apa n .S u n g y a ng i s C e l l zs

m a fi a o r E /
.

zr e zza s er r a za
‘
A n oth er n a m e g i ve n by th e
‘
.

P é n zs a o i s Iii :
‘
7 k ( Li a n g t z i i m u ) A c c ord i n g t o th e E V/
- -
l a
y .
,

fi x Liang
: ( ) is t h e sa m e as 126 ( Lai ) Th i s i s a tree o f so m e .

proporti o n s gr ow i n g i n K ia n gs i bear i n g a s m al l ed i bl e fr u i t
, ,

cal led 5 5 3
:
( T 2
u n g c h i n g k uo
) a nd -
h aVIn
g
‘
a redd i sh
-
,

col ored sa p T h e w ood i s t h o u gh t t o be e ffi c aci o us a s a

.

co n str uc ti ve re m ed y probabl y o n a c c o u n t o f th e c ol or o f th e
,

sap . I t i s said to d estroy bad bl ood a n d t o b u i l d U p good

bl ood q u i e t i n g th e u ter u s rel i ev i n g pa i n a n d n o u r i sh i n g th e
, , ,

bod y Th e bar k is pres c r i bed i n al l for m s o f dy se n tery prob

.
,

ably be i n g astr i n ge n t i n c h aracter .

C OR N U S O FF IC I N A L I S —Llj as ( Sh a n c h u yu ) .
- -
,

1 094 O th er n a m es ii i Biz
.
( S h u s u a n tsa o ) a n d [55]
, ( J ou - -

tsao ) Th is is a l arge t h or n y sh r u b o r tree grow i n g i n th e

.
,

m o u n ta i n o u s d istr i c ts of C h i n a I t bears w h i te fl owers rese m .

,

b l i n g th ose o f th e apricot Th e dr u pe is red e n c l osi n g a

.
,

sto n e w h i ch i s re tai n ed i n th e prepared d r u g I t h as a s u b .

acid taste a n d co n ta i n s co n sid erabl e o f o i l

,
I t is t h e o n ly par t .

r eco m m e nd ed i n C h i n ese m ed ic i n e al th o u g h th e bark o f al l o f ,

’
th ese d og w ooa s h as excel le n t to n i c a n d astri n ge n t proper t i es ,

as w el l as so m e a n ti m alari al v ir t ues V ar i o u s m ed i c al q u a l i
-
.

t ies are as c r ibed t o t h i s d r u g a m o n g w hi c h are d i u ret i c , ,

astri n ge n t t o n i c a n t h el m i n ti c a nd a n ti l i th i c
, ,
I t is re c o m , .

m e n ded for m e n orrh a gia i m pote n ce a n d th e u ri n ary d i ffi c ul

, ,

t ies Of t h e a ged .

C O R Y DA LI S A M B I G U A a; fi ( Y e n h u so) 1 52 9 .
- -
, ,

i 55
“

( H s ii a n h u s o ) T he t ube rs o f t h i s F u m ariaceo u s
- -
.

pla n t are m e t w i th as s mal l fi r m brow n ish y el l ow fla tte n ed , ,

-
,

pel le ts w i t h a depress io n o n o n e of t h e s u rfa c es gi vi n g the m

, ,

so m e s ort of rese m bla n c e to t h e t u bers o f P an e l / { a t zzbc r zf er a

'

T hey are fro m fo u r t o s i x l i nes i n d ia m eter a nd are m ark e d ,

ex ter nall y w i th wr i n k l es o r ret ic u l ati o ns W h e n broke n th ey .

,

prese n t a h or n y se m i tra n sl uce n t y ell o w o r gree n is h appear

,
-
,

a nce The flavor i s bi tteris h a n d bea n l i ke

. Th e P é a ts a o says -
.

t h at i t co mes fro m t h e co u ntry of th e N ort heaster n B arbar i a n s ,

 V E GE TA B LE K I NGDO M . 1 29

a nd t h is is co nfi r m ed by H a n b u ry wh o says th a t i t is ,

i nd i ge n o u s t o S iberia K a m tc h a tk a a nd the A mur re gio n

, , .

'

T h e Co ry d a l zs g ov zm za o f I n d ia a n d d o u btless th i s species also

' '

, ,

co n tai ns a c cord i n g to S i r W B O s h a u gh n essy th e c rysta

,
. .
’
,

l i n e pri n ci pl e cory d a l za d isc o v ered i n Co ry a a l zs l u bem s a by

' '
’
,

Wac k e n rod e r Th i s ac ti ve pr i n ci pl e is s u g gested i n th e Pha r

.

m a c o poei a of I n d ia as a n a n tiperiod ic Whe the r i t h as pro v e n .

o f a n y v a l ue or n o t or w h eth er s uc h use w as o n l y s u ggested

,

by t he i n te nse bit ter ness o f th is prod u c t i t h as n o t bee n ,

poss i ble to l ear n To th e dr u g i tsel f as a p peari n g i n C h i na

.
, ,

i s ascribed to n ic d i u re ti c e m m e n agog u e d e o b s trua n t a s tr i n

, , , ,

g e n t
,
al terati v e a n d seda t i ve propert i es
,
I t is m u c h u sed i n .

p rescripti o ns for pos t part u m d i ffi c u l ties h e m a t u r ia a nd o t h er

-
, ,

bl oody fl u xes .

T z ii c h i m
C O R Y D A LI S I N C I S A g ( fi if ( Ch i h
”
.
-
, . ? ‘

c h i n) 55
‘
, ( S h u ( T ai T h is m arsh p la nt ‘

grows i n C e n t ra l C h i n a w h ere t h e sh oots are used i n th e ,

s pr i n g as food al th o u g h t h e y are c o ns id ered to be sl i gh tl y

,

d eleterio us Th e flo wers dr ied a nd p u lver iz ed are use d i n

.
, ,

prolapse of t h e rec t u m .

C OR Y L U S r —
ii ( C h en)
T w o s pec re s abo un d i n th e .

m o u n ta i ns o f N orth er n C h i n a ; th e Co ry l zzs lze fe r op/

z l l a a n d th e
y
Co m [ u s w a n d s/
/ ru mba T h e n uts o f bot h are e d i ble a n d are t o
.

b e fo un d i n th e m arke ts T he fi rst n a m ed h as a s pread i n g

.

i n vol u cre res u l t i n g i n a flatte n ed n u t w h il e th at o f t h e la t te r

, ,

i s co n tracted a nd prol o n ged bey o n d th e apex of th e n ut p ro ,

d u c i n g a po i n ted sh a pe Th e lza z el h as bee n k n o w n fro m v ery

.

earl y ti m e i n C h i n a a nd i s m e n ti o ned i n th e cl assics

,
Th e .

e ati n g of th e n u ts is co n s i d ered to be i n e v e ry w ay be ne fi cial

'

b e n efi tt i ng th e breath rel i evi n g h u n ge r a n d giv i ng s tre n gt h

, ,

fo r l oco m oti o n Th ey are n o t pres c ri bed f or a ny part i c u lar

.

d iseases b u t a re t h o u gh t to i m prove th e ap peti te a nd ai d i n

,

d i gesti o n T h ey ap pear i n c o m merce as i? { 2 ( C h é n j en ) a nd

.
t -

fi ( C h é n t z ii ) 3 8
-
,
.

C R A TZ E G U S Th i s c h arac ter serves as a

.
(Cha) .

e n eri c n a m e f l a wZ/ wh i c h i n C h i n a as else wh ere i s

g o r z zo r zze , , ,

represe n t ed by severa l spec ies Th e [ U 75 5 ( S h a n ch a ) is .

-
1
30 C H I NE S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

C r a i fi g u s p zbzzza tzfi a a , a nd Cr a t wg zas m n é a m i s [ I] a

’

( S h a n l i k u o) Th e fr ui t of t h ese c o m m o n est k i n ds i s
- -
. s c arl e t ,

al mo st as l a rge as t he fr u i t o f Py r ezs spe ci a bzh s

'

re d , a n d
'

or d a rk a
.

Th e fr u i t w h e n ri pe , is s o u r a n d o f a pl easa n t flavor a nd
, ,

u po n th e add i ti o n of s ugar i s mo s t read i l y c o n verted i n to a m ost

del ic i o us j el l y or j a m T he j a m is a c o m mo n ar t i c le o f s al e .

i n the sh ops u nd e r th e n a m e o f L l] 15 $1; ( S h a n c h a k a o ), 1 0 8 4 - -

,

or [I] 7175 gt ( Sh a n c h a p i ng) T h e fl es h o f th e fr u i t after - a

.
,

th e s k i n a nd core h ave bee n re m o v ed i s also sol d u n der t h e ,

n a m e of L I] 7? ( S h a iv cha
fi )o u 1 0 8 2 Th e fr u i t s l i ced a nd
,
.
,

d ried is c al led L”15: $5

, : ( S h a n cha ka n ) 1 085 T h e w h ol e - -
,
.

fr u i t i s preserved i n s ugar a nd c a n d ied , a n d th e n str u n g u po n

s t raw s or sl ips o f ba m boo a nd pedd l ed upo n t h e st reets b y ,

s w eet m eat sel lers u nder t h e n a m e o f 95 5 { jj

, é E ( T a n g h u l u )
‘ - -
,

( T a g a n d [ 1] U 1 S ha
fig { cha
‘
5 n 5 { ( n -

A n ot h er spec ies w h i c h is n a m ed sj f ‘
,
f C h i h ch a o
m ‘ -

t z ii ),
i s probabl y C f a zz g u s m a w a m zzflza I t grows i n Sh a n
‘ ’
.

t un g to th e h e igh t o f fi ve o r si x feet a n d h as a fi v e po i n te d ,

l ea f a n d t h or n y ax ils E arl y i n t h e spri ng i t be a rs a s m a l l

.

w h i te fl o wer w h ic h is fol l ow ed by th e po i n e th i s at tai n i n g to

,

th e s i z e o f a s mal l d a te A n oth er k i n d is k nown as ; $3 1

.

”
( Ma o c h a ) re ed h a w or 311; fig( H o u c h a ) m o n key h a w
-
“ -
“
, , ,

T h i s tree grow s to th e h e i g h t o f s everal fee t a n d t h ere a re tw o ,

vari e t i es ; o n e bear i n g a re d fr u i t a n d t h e oth er a y el l o w .

” ”
T h e fit kg ( S h u ch a ) ra t h aw a n d th e
-
m o nk e y h a w
, ,
“

are s o n a m ed beca u se th e w i ld a n i m al s o n t h e h i l ls l i k e to ea t
th e m T h e ra t h a w i s a lso k n o w n es pe c ial l y i n t h e n or th
.
, ,
”
as [I] Q $1 ( S h a n l i h u n g ) red o n t h e h i l l - -
A n othe r ,
“ - - -
.

k i nd h av i n g a very la rge pear shaped fr u i t i s k n ow n as i Mi

,
”
,
-
,

( T a ng c h i u a n d is probabl y C r a l feg n s fla z a Th e u se
‘ -
‘ '
.

o f t h e ch a ra c ter m a y h a ve bee n s u gges ted by th e rese m

bla n c e o f th i s fr u i t i n a ppeara n ce t o Py r zzs fr u i ts as th is c h ara c ter ,

i s a l m os t a ge neri c ter m f o r P y r u s Th i s lat ter species i s n o t .

u sed i n m ed i c i n e b u t i s e m pl oyed i n m ak i n g th e c o n fe c ti o n
,
.

Fro m a n oth e r k i n d c al led 132 Hi ( Ya n g c h i u t z u) w h i c h

,
-
‘ -
,

i s poss i bl y C r a tz g n s fi a r v gf o h a is ob ta i n e d a gree ni s h o r
’ ’

y el l ow i sh fr u i t w h i c h i s n o t fi t t o eat u n ti l a fter i t h as bee n

,

ex posed to frost I t is n o t u sed i n med i c i n e

. Th e c h aracter
m
.

135 i n t h is na me is als o wr i t te n i n t h e P é n t s a o b ut th is ,
1 32 CH IN E S E M A T ER I A M E D I C A .

a nd oth er Wester n d r ugs a n d pla n ts A n oth er n a m e gi ve n .

is fl 5 13 E5 ( S a fa a n g) w h i c h i s ev id e n tl y a tra n sl i tera tio n

2 - -
,

of t h e A ra b i c n a m e Z af m d zz T h e last ch ara c te r i s s o m e t i m es
'

w ri tte n ff; a n d en b u t th i s d oes n o t h ave th e pr oper so u nd a n d

, ,

i s probabl y w r o n gl y wr it te n S t i l l a n oth er n a m e is $151 fig T .

EE ( Po
f u l a n ) w h i ch i s a ls o p roba bl y a tra ns l i terat i o n o f so m e fore i g n
-
,

t er m .S aj r o n i s sa id to be st i m u l a n t
‘
car m i n at i v e a n d , ,

a n tispas m od i c I t i s th o u gh t t o h ave a be n e fi c i al a c t i o n u po n
.

t h e bl ood a nd to be q u iet i n g i n c ases of fr i g h t

,
A t th e t i me .

of t h e Y ua n ( M o n gol ) d y n asty th ese fl ow ers w ere u sed i n

c ook i n g as .
$1 : ( Tsa n g h u n g h u a
) Th i be ta n sa fl l o
-
w e r -
,

i s gi ve n by so m e foreig n w ri ters as a n othe r n a m e for sa ff ro n ,

b ut t h is h as n o t be e n fo u n d m e n ti o n ed by a n y C h i n ese w r i ter .

H ow ever i t m a y be fo u n d i n Ti bet al t h o ugh t h is h as n o t y e t

, ,

bee n co n fi r m ed

C RO T O N T I G LI U M E fl ( P a to n) 9 3 3 T h e fi rs t
.
- -
,
.

ch aracter o f t h is n a m e re fers to a c o u n try w h i c h was i n c l ude d

w i th i n t h e bo u nd ar ies o f th e prese n t easter n Sze c h u a n Th e .

s eco n d c h aracter was u sed beca use o f t h e rese m bla n ce t o t h e

soy bea n
-
Th i s is o ne o f th e fi v e pr i n c i pal po iso n s m e n t io ned
.

by S h e n N u ng so th e pla n t is probably i n d i ge n o u s to C h i n a
,
.

T h e A rabi c n a m e is ba too w h i c h was p robabl y deri v ed fro m ,

t h e C h i n ese n a m e O ne o f th e Persia n n a m es m ea n s R zczf zzzs

' '

”
f ro m C h i n a s o t h a t i t is q ui te poss i bl e th a t th e ori gi n a l
,

h abitat o f th is pl a n t was h ere T h e P a wn is properl y a fr u it . .

I t i s oblo n g obsc ure ly tr i a n g u lar abo u t t hre e q uarters o f a n

, ,
-

i n ch i n le n gth th ree cel led a n d o f a y el l o wish bro w n col or

,
-
,
-
.

E ac h cel l co n tai ns a n oval flatte n ed or i m perfectl y q ua d ra n , ,

g u lar seed rese m bl i n g a coffee bea n

,
Th e dar k bro w n test a .

e n c loses t h e y el low is h a l b u m e n w i th i n w h ic h i s t h e large ,

d icoty led o no us e m bry o ofte n m u c h sh r unk e n T h e t aste is

,
.

v ery acr id The fresh fr u i ts t he o i l th e test a a nd th e root of

.
, , ,

t h e tree are a l l used i n m ed i c i n e Th e dr u g i s reco m me n ded .

for a very large n u m ber o f d iffi c u l ties b u t ge n eral l y speak i ng , , ,

th e C h i n ese d o c tors are a fra id to e m p l oy i t o n ac co u n t o f t h e

exaggerated n ot i o ns of i ts po i so no us proper t i es w h i ch w ere ,

h a n ded do w n fro m very a n c i e n t ti mes I t is re c o m m e nd ed as .

a re v uls i ve i n cold s a nd f e v ers fo r obst i n ate d iarr h oea a n d ,

 V EG ET A B LE K I NGDOM . I 33

d yse nt ery i n d el aye d m e nstr u at io n a n d s i m i l ar tro ub les

,
It ,
.

i s a ls o ad m i n iste red i n ra n u la a p o p l e xy p ara lysis tooth a c h e , , , ,

a n d a ffe c t i o n s o f th e t h roa t E xter n a l l y i t is a p pl i ed i n c o m

.

b i n atio n w i t h ra pe seed o il i n v ar i o u s s k i n a ffe c t i o ns

-
The .

seeds i n coarse p o tv d e r are a lso re c o m m e n ded i n vari o us k i nds

o f d r u g po iso n i n g T h e o i l is u sed i n m u c h th e sa m e c lasses
.

o f cases as wel l as be i n g u sed fo r v ery m u c h th e sa m e p u rposes

, ,

as i t i s e m p l oy ed i n t h e w es t T h e testa i s o n l y re c o m m e n ded
.

for fl u xes T h e br u i sed r oot is appl i ed i n c arb u n c le a nd

.

ca n cero us sores .

C R Y P TO TE N I A C A N A DE N S I S fi (; Ta n g k u e i ) .
n -
,

1 2 0
5 . Faber i de n t ifi es t h i s u m bell i fero us pla n t as th e ord i
n ary lzo zze war z of N ort h A m erica H a n b u ry i d e n t ifi es i t e rro n e
‘

y .

o us l y w i t h [ 4 7 0 1l a n d Ta tar i n ov as L e w s l zczm z
’

The
' ’

e d u l zs /
,
.

J a pa nese m ak e i t t o be n zzs l zm uz or A ng e l i ca Th e root of

'

th is pla n t represe n ts t h e d r ug w h i c h i s h e l d i n very h i gh rep u te ,

a m o ng th e C hi n ese I t ra n ks n ex t t o l i c or i c e i n freq u e n cy o f
.

us e i n pres c r i pt i o n s I t co m es pr i n c i pal l y fro m t h e th ree

.

w ester n prov i n ces b u t i s also p re pared i n S h a n s i S h a n t u n g

, , ,

a nd C h i h l i I t i s me t w it h i n t h e for m o f br o wn fl esh y roo t

.
,

sto c ks bra nc h i n g a nd d i v i d i n g i nto a m ass Of large c l ose

, , ,

pl i a n t root le ts so m eth i n g l i ke ge n t i a n root

. Th e i n ter i or i s .

soft s o m et i mes m ealy a nd of a w h i t i sh or y el l o w c ol or o r

, , ,

so m et i mes m u c h dark e r T h e O d or i s v ery str o n g rese m bli n g

.
,

t h at of cel ery a nd th e taste is s weet i sh w ar m a n d aro m ati c

, , , .

N a m es by w h i ch i t i s a lso ca l led are [I] E ( S h a n c h i n) a nd a - ‘

( Pa i w h i c h m ea n m o u n ta i n or w h i te cel ery “
,

a n d i t is co m pare d t o A zzzm i de ed i s sai d by

'

r a v eol e n s a nd
p g n , , ,

S iebold to be eate n l i ke ce lery i n J a pa n t h o u gh w e d o n o t fi nd ,

t h a t i t i s so u sed i n C h i n a T h e d r u g is m u c h used by m ed i ca l
.

m e n i n Ch i n a i n t h e treat me n t o f t h e m e nstr u al c h lorot i c a nd , ,

p u erperal d iseases of wo m e n I t i s u sed i n h e m orrh ages of al l

.

k i n ds col ds fl u xes dyspept i c co m pl a i n ts ag u e a n d a l arge

, , , , ,

n u m ber of oth er d i ffi c u l ti es I ts n a m e is sa i d to be deri ved

.

”
f ro m i ts asserted po wer to m ake th e fe m ale re vert to “

h e r h u sba n d a n d m uc h o f i ts e m pl oy m e n t i s probabl y t o be
,

re ferred to th e w is h of C h i nese w o m e n t o st i mu l ate t hei r

e n era t i v e orga n s i n ord er to i n crease t he ir opport u n i t ies of
g ,
1 34 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

bear i n g ch i ld e n at prese n t th eir o n l y fu n cti o n i n C h i n ese

r
,

soc iet y A c c ord i n g to H e n ry A ng e l i ca p oly m orp /

. za is the ,

so u rce of t h e dr ug Ta ng k i wi exp or ted fro m Ic ha n g a n d -

H a nk o w .

C R Y PT O M E R I A >ffi ( S h ari Th is n a m e i s n o wad ays

) .
-
.

a ppl ied to t h is a n d perh a ps t o oth er co n i fero u s trees H e nr y .

”
c la i m s t h a t i n H u pe h so m e o f th e m a n y S lum trees “

are u n d o u bted l y O j /p l om er m j ap o zzzca a n d i n Ja pa n t h is

'

'

B u t t h e S lum tree o f
'

c h ara c ter i s u sed f o r C ryp l ozi zer za .

t h e a nc i e n t C h i nese a u th ors a n d t h e o n e w h i c h is part i c u larl y ,

dis c ussed i n m ed ic al w orks i s Cu n ni ng / l a w n s zn e zzs zs a n d w il l

' ’

, ,

be re ferre d to u n der th a t t i tl e .

CUCUMIS ME LO — fl 1ir ( K a n k ua ) fill . k ua )

'
-
,
-
,

fi Hg S (,
Y u e h k u a ) fij 118 (
l
-
S h ao —k u a ) a n d i f [ 1& ( H s ia n g k u a )
,
‘

. ,
-
.

fi x ( K u a ) i s a ge n eral ter m f o r th e fr u i ts o f c u c u rb ita c e o us

p la n ts Th e C h i n ese d iv ide th ese i n t o t wo cl asses ; o ne c a lled
.

[1K ( K uo k ua i cl u di n g m u sk m el o ns a n d water m elo ns

) -
n , ,

a n d th e o th er c al led 93 2 [L t ( Ts a i k u a ) c o m p ris i n g c uc u m b e rs
‘
“

-
, ,

sq u ash es p u m pk i n s go u rd s a n d th e l i k e
, ,
Th is pl a n t is ,
.

probabl y i n d i ge n o u s t o C h i n a a nd th e fi rs t na m e a bov e gi ve n ,

i s th e ol d n a m e w h ic h h a s be e n s u perseded by t h e sec o n d
, ,

w h i c h a t prese n t i s m ore c o l l oq u i al Th e t h i rd na m e .

i n d i cates th e probabl e ori gi na l h a b i ta t o f th e p la n t t h e prese n t ,

prov i n c e o f C h ek i a n g Sev eral va r ie tie s a re fo un d i n d i ff ere nt

.

p art s of th e e m pire so m e bei n g al m ost m eal y w h e n ri pe w h i l e ,

oth ers are fi rm a n d m ore l i k e a c u c u m ber i n tex t u re N o ne .

are so j u i cy as th e w ester n k i nds b u t al l h av e m ore or les s ,

o f a n aro m at i c fl avor a n d fragra n ce So m e are q u i te s m al l a nd .

eg g
-
sh a ped w h i le ot hers a re l o n ger a n d m ore c u c um ber l i k e
,
-
.

T h e sk i n vari es fro m a bri gh t y e l l o w t h ro u gh gree n ish yel l ows , ,

t o a p u re gree n be i n g so m eti m es s tri ped i n d ark er sh ad es

,
In .

accorda n c e w i th th e C h i n ese cl ass ifi cati o n a n d o n acco u n t o f ,

t h e v ariat i o n of th ese m el o ns i n tex t u re th e P é/zl sa o d isc usses ,

t h ese u nder t wo separa te h ead i n gs th e if}? HR( Y ueh k ua ) u nder -

,

t h e c lass i fi cat i o n of v egetables a n d th e fill [ K ( T ie n k ua ) ,

‘ -
,

u n der t h a t o f fr ui ts T h e eat i n g o f th ese melo n s is regard ed

.

by th e C h i nese as so m ew h a t de le teri o u s A s t hey us ual l y ea t .

 CH IN E S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

a nd th e fr u i t is ea te n i n th e ra w s tate a n d as a pi ck l e I ts use .

i s co nsidered to be sl i gh tl y d el eter io us I ts re p u ted v i rt u es .

are c ool i n g a nd d i u ret i c A sort o f c uc um ber sa l ve i s re c o m

.

m e n ded fo r sk i n d i seases a n d f o r scal ds a n d b u r ns ,

Th e .

e x pressed j u i ce o f t he leaves is u sed as a n e m e t i c i n ac u te

i nd i gest io n o f ch i ld re n Th e br u i sed root is a ppl ied i n case o f
.

sw el l i n g f ro m t h e w o u n d o f a h ed geh og q u i l l T h ere is the .

sa m e d a n ger o f severe d i arrh oea res ul t i n g fro m t h e i nges t i o n of

th e C h i n ese v ar iet ies of th is vege tabl e as i n th e c ase of t h ose
f ro m t h e w est .

C UC U R B I T A M A X I M A —Th e C h i n ese d o n o t d isti n u

g u i sh c l ea rl y betw ee n th e m a m m oth w i n ter sq uash a nd th e

l arge r for m s o f go u rd Th e f or m er u n d o u btedl y i s grow n i n
.

C h i n a b u t i t i s k n o w n by t h e n a m es o f fig 5 ( H u l n) i f; E
,
-
,

( H u -
l n) a n d Ejfl
,
Th ese al l refer t o th e go u rd ( see

L n e u a ma v u lg a r e ) a n d m ed i cal properties w i l l be d i sc ussed

'

u n der t he l atter t i tle .

C UC U R B I T A M O S C H A T A s cn r bz l a
ppa a — ii i H
, S
'

N a n k ua ) Seve ral var i e ties o f t h i s are fo u nd i n C h i na

( -
. .

s cm bzta m a x l ma m a y als o i n so m e c ases be i n c l u ded w i t h

'

'

t h i s prod u c t I n a n y case i ts m ed ical propert i es w o uld be

.

s i m i l ar A crook n eck ed variet y i s cal led {i Hi ( W O k ua

.
- -
,
“
J apa nese A n oth er varie ty i s t h e éfi [R ( F a n k ua ) -
.

Li S h i h C h en says t h a t th e n at ura l h a bi ta t o f t h i s ge nus is t h e

-

so u th ; h e nce th e n a me Th e C h i n ese c o m pare th e flesh o f

.

t h i s w h e n c ooked t o t h e s wee t potat o

, ,
I t i s espe c ial l y .

estee m e d w h e n c ooked w i th p ork W h e n prepa red w i t h .

m u tto n i t is co nsidere d to be d el eter i o u s

,
Sq u ash es are p re .

se n ted w i t h grea t cere m o n y o n t h e e v e n i n g o f t h e m i d a u t u m n

,
-

fest i val to m arried c h ild l ess w o m e n bei n g c o nsidered pro p i

, , ,

t io u s fo r t h e speed y prod u c ti o n o f O ff spr i n g A s i m il ar c usto m .

p re vai ls i n I n d ia w h ere to i ns u re prosper i ty th e tal lo w go u rd

, ,

i s prese n ted to th e n e wl y m arried pa i r a t th ei r wedd i n g feast .

Th e seeds are so m e t i m es u sed sa lted al o n g w i th m el o n seeds .

T h e m ed i c i n al u s e o f t h i s pla n t a nd i ts fr u i t i s n o t grea t It is .

n ot reco m m e n ded i n a n
y partic u lar cl ass o f d iseases b u t i t s ,

acti o n i s co nsi dered to be be n e fi ci a l to th e v i scera a nd brea th .

 V E G E T A B LE K I NGDO M . r3 7

C U D RAN I A T R I L O B A —fi§ ( C h e) T h i s t re e is o f t h e . , .

o rder A r l oca rp ee a nd i s so meti mes m is t a ke n for M or u s or

,

I t is sa id to gro w co m m o nl y i n th e mo un t ai ns
'

B r ou sson ezza
‘
.
,

a nd to h a v e a fi nel y gra i n ed w oo d s u i table for m a n u fa c t uri n

g
u te nsi ls I ts leaves are used fo r fe ed i ng s i l k w or ms prod uci ng
.
,

a q ua l i ty o f si l k t h a t is especial l y estee m ed f o r m ak i n g l u t e

s t ri ngs . I t bears a fr u i t so me wh a t rese mbl i ng t h e m u l ber ry,

o f w h ic h th e bi rds are very fo n d T h e w ood i s used i n prepa r .

i n g a yel l o w d ye , w h i ch is e m pl oyed i n d ye i n g t h e i mper i a l

g ar m e n ts T. h e w ood th e w h i te i n n er bar k o
,
f th e t re e a nd ,

th at of th e east ward — ex te nd i ng roo t are used i n m ed ici n e Th e .

taste is sw eetish a nd cool i n g a nd i t i s prescribed for me nor ,

rh a gi a m alarial f ever de bil i ty a n d w as ti ng

, , A n i n fusio n of ,
.

t h e wood is used i n wea k a nd sore eyes A n epi p h y t e gro wi ng .

u po n th e tree cal led $5 i tCh é h u a n g ) a nd Hi H ( C h é é rh ) is

“

- -
, .
,

u sed i n c o n s u m ptio n O f a th or n y v arie ty o f th e t ree cal le d

.
,

511 155 ( N u C h e) - the th or n s are

, u sed i n co m b i n a t io n w i t h o th e r ,

d r ugs i n d ecoc t i o n for t he t rea t m e n t o f co ns t ipa t io n a nd

,

o bstr u c t i o n o f th e bowels .

C U N N I NG H AM I A S I N E N S I S —iffi ( S ha ri ) iii? 7 K( S h a .
,

m u) . T h is tree gro ws i n t h e so u t h er n ce n tral a nd wes t er n , ,

pro v i nces o f C h i na a n d i n J a pa n I t i s th e co mm o n p i n e .

o f C h i na a n d is fo u n d
,
i n m a n y v arie ties o n e o f w h ic h i s ,

said t o h a v e bee n i ntrod uced fro m J a pa n T h e col or o f .

th e w ood i n th e d i ff ere n t k i n ds varies fro m red t o w h i t e ;

t h e for m er bei n g to u gh a nd resi n o us w h il e t h e l a tt e r i s ,

of a l ooser s t r uct ure a nd w h e n d ry beco m es b ea ut i fu l l y

,

v ei ned . I t s sh ort st i ff poi nt e d l eaves a nd i t s a v oid

, , ,

a nce o f th e sea coast h a v e bee n re m ark ed b y M r S a m p

-
,
.

s o n as d is t i n gu ish i ng fe a t u res o f t h is t ree T h e t i mber i s .

m u c h v al u ed f o r m ak i n g c o ffi n s fl oori n g fur n i t ure a nd , , ,

h o use fra m es as i t is less l i abl e t o t h e at tacks o f i n se ct s th a n

-
,

t h e P l a z a s zn em zs S u n g ) b u t is n o t so s u i table f o r pi les
' ’

as th e l atter as i t rots easil y i f ex pos ed t o co n t i n ua l d a m p ness

,
.

C h arcoal for m ak i ng g u np owder h as bee n u s u al l y proc u red

f ro m th is w ood by t h e C h i nese A d ecoct i o n o f th e wood i s .

sai d t o be a s ure re m ed y f or v ar n ish poiso n i n g a t e v ery sta ge .

I t is also used f or bat h i n g fet id feet a nd i s tak e n i n ter nal l y for ,

1 38 CH I N E S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

fl a t ule nce a nd c h olerai c sy m pto ms A lso i n c o mbi n a t i o n w i t h .

,

oth er th i ngs i t is used i n p ur ule n t expec t ora ti o n a nd as a

,

w as h t o c h ro n i c u l cers T h e as h of t he ol d bark is a c o m m o n
.

a pp l ica t io n t o w o unds scal ds a nd b ur n s Th e l ea ves d ecocted

, ,
.
,

i n w i n e t o ge t her w i t h C om os el m u m a nd A r m u m are u sed i n /

,

t h e treat m e n t o f w or ms a nd toot h ac h e T h e seeds a reEmpl oyed .

,

o ne to be i ngested for eac h y ear o f age for t h e t reat m e n t o f ,

”

h er n i a .
3 a
T h e e pi ph y t e call ed 75 l ( S han i s co nsidered
,

t o be a nt ispas m od ic a nd ca r m i n at i v e .

C U P R E S SU S —i
ff ( P o ) T h is i s Faber s i de n t i fi ca t i o n
. .
’
,

a n d H e n ry says th at a t I ch a n g th e P 0 i s C up r e s s u s f m zebr zs
'

D r W i l l ia m s se ts th e E if] ( P ie n p o) d ow n as Czlp r ess zcs t/

.
z
y
-

B u t u n do u bted ly i n th e n ort h as also i n J apa n P o

'
'
o za es .
, ,

re fer s t o Tlzuj a t ol a ) or zei zta l zs D isc ussio n of t h is p la n t w i l l

’ ' '

t h ere fore b e reser v ed for t h is l a t t er t i tle .

C U R C U M A L O N GA —@ fi ( Y n c h i n) 1 54 5 1 54 6 T h e .
-
, ,
.

fi rs t c h arac ter o f t h is n a me refers t o a fragra n t pl a n t w h i ch ,

i n t h e cl assica l peri od wa s m ixed w i t h t h e sacri fi cia l w i n e

,

c al led Q prepared fro m blac k m i l le t T h e w h ol e .

n a m e re fers to th e y el l o w t ubers o f th e pl a n t descr ibed b y ,

H a n b u ry as be i n g ob lo n g or o v a t e t aper i n g a t e it h er end
“
, ,

f ro m t h ree fo ur t h s t o o ne a n d a f o u rth i n c h i n l e n gt h co v ered

- -
,

e x t er nal ly w i th a t h i n ad here nt bro w n is h gre y c u ti cl e us u al l y

, ,
-
,

( b u t n ot i n var iabl y ) s m ooth Whe n brok e n t h e y ex h i bi t a .

,

s h i n i ng f ra ct u re a nd are see n t o co ns is t of a h ard se m i t ra ns ~

, ,
-

pare n t h or ny ora nge ye l l o w s ubs ta n c e easi l y separabl e i nt o

, ,
-
,

t w o portio n s a n i nn er a nd a n o u te r
, Th e t u bers h a v e a n aro .

m ati c odor a nd a sl i gh t t aste rese m bl i ng t ur m eri c a nd co n tai n

, ,
”
a n ab u n da n ce of starc h I n J apa n t h i s pla n t i s co n sidered to
.

be a var ety (
i m a
’
o zr o fi l l a l of s
p y r cu m a l o n a
g A ccord i ng t o .

t h e P é m s a o i t i s i n d i ge n o u s to th e co u n tr y o f j : i ( Ta C h i n )
‘
‘
,

w h ic h co m pr i sed parts o f w h at i s n o w K a ns u a nd S h e n si pro v

i n c es or possi bl y was Sy ria
, I t is also fo un d i n S z ec h ue n a nd
.

T h i bet T h e root w h ic h is o ne o f t h e m a n y for m s o f t u r m er i c

.
,

fo u n d i n co m m er c e i s u sed for dy e i n g w o m e n s c lot h es

,
’
I t is .

e m pl oye d m ed i c i nal l y i n al l sorts of h e m orrh ages s uc h as ,

h e m at u ria h e ma te m esis h e m op tysis post par t u m h e m orrha ge

, , ,
-
,
1 40 CH IN E S E MA T ER I A M ED I C A .

fo u nd i n vario us d istr ic ts i n w ester n K u a n gs i i t co m es fro m ,

th e co u n tries of Ff ; fi ( C l i i p i n ) a n d ill] Ea ( C h ieh -p i K apila ‘ - ‘ ‘

,

v ast u) It h as l eaves l i ke th e Op /
. i i e o o zz s i ca t u s a nd fl owers
p g p
l i k e th ose of t h e H i bi s cu s m zi mbi l zs T h e fl o wer s are v er y .

f ragra n t a n d c a n be s m el l ed for a l o n g d i s ta n ce
,
A n e m press .

o f th e C h i n (
g) dy n asty w rote a p oe m i n pra ise of th is pl a n t ,

i n w h ic h sh e ex tol s i ts s weet n ess M ed ici n al l y i t i s used t o .

,

c orre c t fo u l odors a nd bad breat h I t i s als o u sed as a per fum e . .

T h e p la n t i s not y et i de n t i fi ed b ut is probabl y n ot Cu r cu ma ,
.

C U SC U T A .
—Fa ber
i d e n ti fi es i f fi g ( T u ssu ) as Cu s cu ta
"
‘ -

ch i n e n s i s a n d j : fl ( N u l o) a s C Zl S Cl a a om ca A ccord i
j p
'

-
n g .

t o th e P ei zl s a o t h e lat ter is t h e sa m e as 152} g ( S un g l o ) w h i c h -

,

i s Vi s czmz I t i s possibl e t h a t t h ose spec i es grow i n g u po n

.

h erbaceo us pla n ts a re also s o me ti m es i nd i ff ere n tl y cal l ed N i l l o - .

U n der t h e h ead i n g o f T u s s ii t h e P ei zl s a o g i ves a n u m ber o f

‘ -
’

al t er n ati ve n a m es 55 fig ( T u 533 ( T u l ei ) E ( T u
‘ 5 ‘ -
,
‘

l n) fl; ( T ch i ) if fill ( C h i h wa n g ) 3 i t ( Y iI nii ) E g
‘ ‘ ’

,
u u -
, ;
-
,
-
,

( T ‘
a n g m e n g) m fi ( H u o y é n
-
, E} ill fi g ( Y eh h u - -

a nd g {fi fi ( C h i n hsie n I t w il l be probabl y fo u nd t h a t
-

s o me of t h ese n a m es re fer t o d i ff ere n t v ar i et ies i f n ot t o ,

( T u ssu
’ ’
d i ff ere n t speci es of th e cl oa a er ,
Th e seeds {fig .
‘ -

t zii ) 1 3 8 2 are t h e parts u sed i n m ed ici n e a n d th ese are als o

, ,

m
,

f o un d i n co m merce i n t h e for m o f cak es k n o wn as ilh ?

g ,

( T ‘
u ss-
u p m g) 1 3 83
-
T h ey
,
are m e t w i t h as ro u n dis h bod ies
.

o f t h e siz e o f bla c k m u stard seed a n d of a bro wn c ol or w i th -

, ,

l it t l e or n o taste or s m el l D iaph oretic de m ul ce n t t o n ic a nd

.
, , ,

a p h rod isiac properties are ascr i bed to th ese seeds a n d t h ey are ,

a d m i n istered i n go n orrh oea i n co n ti ne n ce o f u r i ne , l euc orrh ma

, ,

a n d as a n ostr um i n cases of cross birth I f take n f or a l o ng .

t i m e th ey are th o ugh t t o br i gh te n th e eye e nl i v e n t h e body

, , ,

a nd prolo n g l ife T h e y o u n g sh oots O f th e pl a n t are used

.

e x t er nal l y i n cos m e tic w ash es for fav u s a n d for sore ey es , , .

H a nb ury says t h a t th e pl a n t was for m erl y o ffi c i na l i n E u rop e

a s a p ur ga t i v e u n der t h e n a m e o f H er bal czcs cu l ae m aj or i s
,
.

C Y C A S R E VO LUT A .
{E 3 ( W 3
) u - l o u -t z ti
T h is i s .

Faber s ide n ti fi ca t io n I n t h e
’
. P ei ztm o th e fol l ow i ng n a m es
i v e f t h is prod c t f Q ( C h ie n nie n t sao ) , a
‘ ‘ -
n u
‘
a re g or : -
 V E G E TA B L E K I NGDO M . 1 41

Q ( W ifi ( H a i t sao ) E f o ssu t s a o ) fi
‘

if
‘
a n -s u i -
tsao ) ; l ( P - - -
, , ,

( F a n tsao-
) Q ( C h i
,
n k u o ) a n d E} E E ( F e n g
- —
we i c h i a o , , .
-
,

“
p h m n i x tail -
I n J apa n t h e tree i s c al led 51
E} 15 5} .

( F eng wei s u n g )
- -
i n w h i c h t h e fi rst c h arac ter i s probabl y
,

i mproperl y wri tte n I n t h e C u sto m s Lists w e fi nd 5 E El:

.
.

wei w h ere aga i th e fi rst c h ara c ter i s i m rO

( F é n g
-
3 1 8 n , p p
erly wr i tte n a n d al so probabl y th e l as t i ( Tsao ) bei n g
, , ,

i nte nded i n stead o f fi T h e w ood i s k now n as lg fig

( H a i t s un g )
- A l th o ugh wester n w orks o n bota n y ascr i be t h e
.

n at u ral h abi t a t of th is tree t o J ap a n t h e P e n i s a o re fers i t t o

‘

P ersi a a n d th e E as t I n d ies I t is n o t sa i d to be fo un d i n .

C h i n a b ut both t h e fr u i ts a n d th e w ood are said t o be bro ugh t

,

t o th is co unt ry i n s h ips T h e fr u i ts are th e part used a nd t o

.
,

t h e m are ascri bed ex pectora n t to n ic a n d n u tr i ti v e proper t ies , , .

I f used f o r a sh or t t i m e th ey are sa i d t o prod u ce p l u m p n ess .

C Y C L AM E N —I n Faber s l is t s t h is is gi v e n as lg
.
’

( H a i y )
- ii h e also g i ves th e sa m e C h i n ese n a m e for
. B ut
A l oca s i a m a cr or /
zi e a a n d w it h o u t d o u bt t h e n a m e sh o u l d b e
,

re ferred t o t h is aroid p la nt i n s t ead of to t h e pr i m u laceo us o ne , .

( See pa ge

C Y D O N I A S I N E N SI S .
( See Py r u s /
ca l zay e m ia ) .

C Y P E R U S —Th e P éi zl s czo descr ibes t wo cy peraceo us

m
.

pla n t s u n der th e n a mes

,
jé: ( S o
5
5
( H s i a n g f u -

t z ti ) a nd ill] 5 $3? ( C h i n g s a n l é n g )
,
T here see m s to be t h e - -
.

rea t es t co n fu s i o n i n regard to th e i de n ti fi cat i o n of t h ese

g .

Faber m akes t h e fi rs t t o be Cyp er u s i r i a a nd th e seco nd a n d

th ird Cyp er u s r ol z ma u s ’
Th e J apa n ese agree w i t h t h e fi rs t
.

i de n ti fi cat io n cal l H s i a ng fi r l e zé Cyp er u s r ot u nd zcs Cit i ng

,
- -
‘

s a n l eng t h ey cal l S ci rp zcs m a r i t i m u s a n d w h at is g i v e n i n t h e

-
,

P éi zts a o as a sy n o n y m o f th e last Zé: 5 $;9 ( Ts ao s a n l é ng) , is

‘ - -
,

a ssi g n ed t o Cyp er u s s er ot i n u s P or ter S m i t h cal ls H s i a ng f u .

-

Cyp er us es cu l en tu s a n d wi th so m e s h o w o f reaso n as th e
, ,

descri pti o n o f t h e P en ts a o m ore n earl y c oi nc ides w i t h th is

i de n ti fi cat io n th a n w i t h a ny ot h er T h ese sed ges are al l u se d .

for m ak i ng h ats m a tt i n g a n d ra i n coa t s

,
T h e y gro w al m os t
, .

e v ery place w h ere there is m oist or boggy gro un d T h e t ubers .

o f th e H s i a ng fi i ZZ Y , 4
1 2 h a v e a stro ng odor an d are v ery
Z - -
, ,
 1 42 CH IN E S E M ATERI A M ED I C A .

m u ch i n r e q uest as a m ed i ca m e n t S t i m u la nt to ni c s t o .
, ,

propert i es are bel iev e d

m a c h i c , seda t i ve , astri n ge n t , a n d oth er
b y t h e C h i n ese t o res id e i n t h e dr u g a n d i t i s pres c r ibed fo r ,

fl u xes o f a l l k i n ds c olds i n e very orga n post part um d i ffi c u l ties

, ,
-
,

bo i ls abscesses fel o ns a n d ca n cers

, ,
T h e sh oots a n d fl owers
,
.

are also u sed bei n g re garded as to n i c a n d sed at i ve to th e

,

n ervo u s syste m Th e t ubers o f th e C/

. zi zz
g s a zz l ezz
g 1 0 6 2 as - -
, ,

t h ey appear i n th e m arke t a re top sh aped p o i n ted at o ne e nd ,

-
,

a nd h ard a nd h a v e appare n tl y bee n c u t a nd t ri m m ed w i t h a

, , ,

k n i fe t o separate th e m fro m t h e r u nn i n g root wh i c h co nn ects

t h e m togeth er i n th e gro w i n g s tate Th e i n ter n al text u re is .

h ard yel l o wi sh a nd w ood y

,
T h e taste a n d s mel l are to so m e
,
.
,

ex te n t aro m a t i c, E m m e nagog u e galactagog ue sto m ac h i c

.
, , ,

to n ic d e ob s trua n t a nd v u l n erary q u al i ties are ascri bed to th e

, ,

d r ug I t is no t i n as m u c h fa vor h owe ver as t h e H s i a ng

.
, ,

f il -
lZ fi .

C YTI S U S S C O P A R I U S ( Ch i n c h i a o ) u —Q
I t is also - ‘
.

call ed é; a; 72 ( H u a n g ch i ao h u a ) T h e papil i o n aceo us flowe r

"

- ‘ -
.

i s a ptl y c o m pared to a b ird by t h e C h i n ese bota n ist The .

l ea v es are sa i d t o be sal ted a n d m ad e i n to a tea T h e root .

,

w h i c h i s sa i d to be covered w i t h pr i ck l es is used i n m ed ici n e , .

I n deco c ti o n i t is u sed as a fo m e n ta tio n fo r br u ises a n d i t i s

, ,

also ex tra c ted w i th w i n e f or th is p u rpose I t is also prescri bed .

i n ter nal ly i n co ugh s a n d colds A decoc ti o n of t h e fl owe rs is .

sa i d t o br i ng o ut t h e er upt io n i n s m al l p ox -
.
1 44 CH IN E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

m ed ici n e for th e c u re o f m alari a , espec ial l y i n i t s c h ro n i c

for m s , a nd i n mu s h roo m poiso n i n g Th e leaves , as w el l as t h e .

fl owers a nd root , are used br u i sed i n t h e treat m e n t o f b uboes ,

u l cers fav u s a nd ot h er sk i n d iseases
, ,
Th e leaves are said to .

h ave a spe c i al ac tio n o n th e u ter us Th ey are m ixed w i th sal t .

a n d used to color preser v ed e

ggs a redd is h brow n
-
.

D A PH NEO D ORA — é fi ( S h u i [ J u i J h si a n g)
ifi . Th is -
.

V ery f ragra n t pla n t gro ws every w h ere th ro u gh o u t th e so ut h er n

provi nc es S everal v ar i e ties are d ist i n g u ish ed by t h e F ema l e,
.

so m e of w h i c h are c u l t ivated bei n g d war fed or de f or m ed b y ,

garde ners for t h e p urpose o f prod u c i n g or n a m e n tal s h r u bbery

for l aw ns a n d co n servator ies T h e roo t a n d l ea v es are bo th .

u sed i n dec octi o n i n t h e treat m e n t of sore th roa t , as a w as h f or

s m al l pox p ust ules a nd i n caked breas t

-
,
.

D A P H N I D IU M C UBE BA fi fi ( P i c h é n g .
- ‘

1 00 6 I t i s probable t h a t th e C h i n ese u s e t h is ter m for t h e

.

tr u e c u beb ( P ip er cu be ba ) as w e l l as fo r th is article Lo u reir o .

fi rs t described th e tree u n der t h e n a m e L a u r zzs czi be ba

,
N ee s .

a fterw ards tra n s ferred i t to t h e ge nus D ap k n zcli u m Th e d r u g

'

c o nsis ts accord i n g to H a n b ury of o n e seeded gl ob u lar ber

, ,
“ -

ries attac h ed to a ped ic el so m e t i m es h al f a n i n c h l o n g ; a t th e

,

base o f e ac h berr y traces o f th e per ia n t h are V isibl e Th e .

pe ricarp is th i n flesh y a nd i n th e d r i ed state corr ugated Th e

, , ,
.

seed is gl ob ul ar w i th i ts carti lagi no us sh i n i n g brow n testa

, ,
”
s u rro unded l o n gi t u d i n al l y by a n arr ow rid ge Th e berries .
,

t h erefore h ave o n l y a s u per fi c i al rese m bla n ce to cu bebs

, The .

pla n t is n ati ve o f Coc h i n C h i na a nd i s grow n i n S o u t h C h i n a ,

.

T h e prod uc t is s h ipped for th e m ost part t o I n d ia T h e berries ,

a re agreeabl e i n od or a nd h ave a w ar m aro ma t i c bi tteris h

, , ,

taste . Car m i n ati ve pept i c sto m ac h i c t o n ic a n d expectora n t

, , , ,

q u al ities are repor ted to resid e i n th e fr u i t w h i ch is gi ve n i n ,

cystic bro nc h i ti c d yspepti c a n d c h olerai c a ff ec ti o ns H a n b u ry

, , , .

q u otes Lo ureiro to t h e e ffec t th a t t h e fresh fr u i ts are u sed fo r

preserv i n g fi sh a nd th a t t h e bar k o f t h e tree h as proper t ies
,

S i m i lar to th ose o f th e berr i es A n oth er n a m e g i ve n i n th e .

P ei zl m o i s B ill: Ffi 75
h ( P i l i ng ch ieh t z fi) w h ich is said to be
“
‘ - ‘
- -
,

of fore i g n or i gi n proba bl y a n E as t I n d ie n t er m
, .
 VE G ET A B LE K I NGDOM . 1 45

D A P H N I D IU M
M Y RR H A $2( W u y ao) 1 4 7 8 A lso .
-
,
.

cal led L i n d en : s l ry cl mzf ol i a w h i c h i s p robabl y i de n tical

, In .

Japa n t h is l ast is d is ti ngu is h ed as 5? f; E, Q ( T ie n t ai wu ‘ -

‘ -

y ao ) w h ic h i s also k no w n as B ap /mi d i u m s try cfi mj b l i u m

’

.
,

Ta t ari nov ca l led th i s tree D ap l mi s my r r lza b ut l i k e ma n y ,

o f Ta ta r i no v s id e n ti fi ca t io ns t h e t er m is ope n t o d o u b t
’
,
Th e .

tre e grows t o t h e h ei gh t o f te n or m ore feet a nd is fo un d ,

i n th e pro v i n ces so u th of t h e Ya n gtse a nd es p ecial l y i n ,

K ua n gs i T h e d r u g is u s ual l y sol d i n t h e for m o f th i n sl i ce s

.

o f th e d ried root w h ic h are o f a w h itis h col or a n d h a ve

, ,

a n aro m ati c odor To n i c astri n ge n t car m i na t ive s t o m ach ic

.
, , , ,

a n d m a n y ot h er properties are assi n ed to t h is root nd i t i s

g a ,

prescri be d i n i nd i ges t i o n m a lari a , fl uxes h er n ia u ri nary

, , ,

d i ffi c ul ties m e n orrh agia a nd go n orrh oea M i xed w i t h l i gn

, , .

a loes gi nse ng a nd l icorice i t for m s a fa m o us prescri p t i o n

, , , ,

w h ich is used as a t o n ic a nd sedat i ve Th e lea f b uds o f .

t h e pl a n t m a y be u sed i nstead o f te a as a s t i m u la n t a nd
d i u reti c T h e seeds are used i n cases i n w h ic h t h e y i n i s
.

i n excess prod u c i n g fe v er T h e y are br u ised a nd decoc t ed

.
,

a nd th e d ecoct io n freel y d r un k w h ic h w i l l i nd u ce pe rs p i ra ,

t io n w h e n th e y a ng w i l l re t ur n i n f ul l for ce a nd th e pa t ie nt
,

c o n v a lesc e .

D A T UR A Q (A L B A —g
Man t o l o
) I n I nd ia t h e
( f;
I -
‘ -
.

S a nscri t eq u i v al e n t of th is C h i nese n a m e , M a nd a r a , re fers

t o E ry /li r i n a i n d i ca H o ff m a n a nd Sc h u l tes h ave i de n ti fi e d
.

t h e pla n t s o cal led i n C h i n a as D a tu m a lba al th o ugh E i te l ,

H a d book of C h i ese B d d h i s m p also r efers t h e na me

( n n u 7 )
1 ,
.

t o E ry t/ zr i n a
fi gzl a i zs o r E r th r i i zcz i n d i ca
y ,
T h e l ea v es o f .

t h e pl a n t c o n ta i n th e al k al oi d d a l zcr i a w h ic h is si m il a r i n ,

p h ysiolo g i ca l a cti o n t o a tro p ia b ut m u c h s t ro n g

,
e r I n I n d i a .

th e pl a n t i s cal led D / i a tzi r a , f ro m w h i c h n a m e th e ge neri c

t er m i s d eri ved Th e p l a n t wa s sai d t o h a v e be e n ra i n ed d o w n
.

f ro m h ea v e n at th e t i me w h e n B udd h a p ro mu l ga t ed t h e l a w .

”
Th e S a n sc ri t t er m m ea ns v ari e gated
“
e vi de n t l y r e ferri ng to ,

t h e col o r o f th e flo we rs N a mes g i v e n as eq u i v al e n ts i n t h e
.

P é n l s a o a re B fifi 5 a( F e,
n g -c h ie h ér h
) a n d I l i ii
l
‘
5 2 ( S-h a n ,

c h i eh erh )
‘ -
I t is c ertai n t h at th e C h i ne s e co n fo un d t h e
.

d i ff ere nt spe c i es o f D a tu m , a nd t h a t th e fi rs t o f th e l a tte r

1 4 6 CH I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

t er ms re fers t o t h e D a tu m s t r a nze n zzm z H o ff m a n a n d S c h u l tes

’

h ave ass um ed fig jjfi F h i eh é rh ) as th e n a m e o f th i s

‘
( o c - -

l ast b u t s u c h a n a m e h as n o t b ee n fo u n d i n C h i n ese book s

, ,

d oes n o t see m to be k n ow n i n J a pa n a n d i s probably a ,

m istak e for F eng er n I n t h e C u sto m s Lis t t h e fi rs t

-
.

c h aracter o f th is l as t te r m i s w ro n gl y w r i tte n 75 51 ( F é ng) 3 0 2 , , ,

a n d t h e d r u g is co ns id ered t o be i de n ti c a l w i th E 5] f 75
i ( N a o .

a h 8 w h i ch i s t h ere ide n ti fi ed as D a t u m a l ba
n u ) 94
a -
y g , ,
.

W i t h o ut d o ub t th i s l ast ter m is so m eti m es re ferred to D a tn r a

mete] b u t i t al so re fers t o i os ey a nzn s n zg er ( w h i c h see ) a n d
'

, ,

i t is d isc ussed i n t h e P e n ts a o u n der th e art i c l e i f: E fill Y a ng

‘

( ’

c h i h ch u ) - w h ic h certa i n l y i s
, ( A z a l ea ) s zn e n s e

w h i ch see T h e eri ca e o s a n d sol a n aceo u s pla n ts see m i n

( ) c . u

s o m e cases t o be n earl y rel ated i n t h e ph ysi ol ogi cal acti o n

o f th e ir ac ti v e pri n ci ples as w el l as bei n g s i m i lar i n ex ter na l
,

a pp eara n ce H e n ce t h e ease w i th w h i ch t h ey h ave bee n c o n

.

f o u n ded by t h e C h i n es e .

Th e flo wers a nd seed s o f th e M a n t o Zo are used i n - ‘ -

medi c i n e as a w ash for er u p ti o ns o n t h e fa c e oed e m a of th e ,

f eet a n d prolaps us of th e rect u m

,
T h ey are prescri bed a ls o .

for c olds c h orea a n d n ervo u s d i s ord ers a n d t h ei r use as a n

, , ,

a naesth eti c is al so m e n ti o ned T h eir d e l i ri e nt ac ti o n i s als o

.

spoke n of bei n g sa id t o prod u ce l a ugh ter or da nci n g m ove

,

me n t s ( fl ) I f eq ua l q u a n ti t ies o f th i s a n d o f Ca n n a bi s
.

s a tt v a are gat h e red i n th e se v e n th a n d e i gh t h m oo n s

’

dr ied ,

i n t h e s h ade p u l verized a n d di gested i n w i n e th e prepara

, , ,

t i o n w h e n i n ges ted w i l l prod uce a n arcot ic a naesth es ia t h at

, ,

w i l l enabl e smal l opera tio ns a n d ca u terizat i o ns t o be d o n e

'

w i t h o u t pa i n .

M E TE L
D A TU R A i f: 22
1 ( N ao y a n g h ua ) . 8 94 - -
, .

T h is species of D a tu m is i ncl u d ed i n B u r net t s l i st o f t he Fl ora ’

o f C h i na a nd t h is n a m e i s ass i g n ed to i t by D r
, B rid ge ma n .

i n h i s C h i n ese C h resto ma th y Parke r m ak es i t ide n t i cal w i t h .

D a t n r a a l ba Tatari n o v call s i t H y os cy a mu s
. H a n b ury says .

”
fl owers of Rnoa od e n d m n ? A s th i s C h i n ese ter m is i n
’

c l ud e d i n t h e P en ts a o as a sy n o n y m of i ; El E 5 ( Ya g ch i h
f n -

ch u) disc uss io n o f i ts m ed ic i nal uses w i l l be re ferred to t h a t

,

ar t icle ( see R lzod ed e n d r on s zn e n s e )

’

.
 1 48 CH IN E S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

w h ic h do ub t l ess se v eral k i nds o f t h ese pl a nt s as wel l as Tr ztzeu m

’ ’

r ep e n s are descr ibe d I t gro ws u po n s to n es i s s o met i mes

.
,

c al led fi 3 : ( H u a n g a n d i s c u l ti v ated i n S z ec h u e n f o r

u se as m ed ic i n e I t i s fo u n d i n n earl y al l o f t h e ce ntral a nd
.

s o u t her n p ro v i n ces A n e pi p h y t ic v ar ie t y
. f o u nd gro w i ng ,

u po n t h e root a nd t r u n k o f oa k trees is ca l led 7k fl }, ( Mu h u ) ,

-
,

a nd ,
o n acco un t o f i ts y el lo w col or Q Q4 ( C h i n h u ) T hese ,
-
.

p l a n ts are a l l re m ar kab ly te n acio us o f l i fe recoveri n g a fte r ,

h a v i ng bee n d ri ed O th er n a m es b y w h i ch t h ey ap pear i n
.

c o m m erce are $5 a n mu h u) } H
: fl ( K 5 8 0 $3 fi}
2 5 (
-
sie n h-
u , ,
x -

t o u ) 4 52 a n d Q 51 ( C h i n
,
1 45 T hese a l l h a v e straigh t .
,

oi ted sol id cy l i ndrical s t e m s o f a y el lo w or golde n color

j n , , ,

a nd o f te n dee pl y s tri ated or fu rro wed P aral l el v e i n ed l e a v es .

-

a re a ttac h ed to so m e o f th e ste m s w h ic h c o mm o n l y h a v e t races ,

o f t h ei r r oots T h ese s t e m s are sa i d to be q u ite gre e n w h e n

.

f resh l y gat h ered U nde r t h e na m e o f as $3} ( M ai h u ) t h ere i s also

.
-

d escr i bed a d r u g w h ich i s i n al l probab i l i ty t h e t u ber o f Tr ztzeu m

’ '

r ep e n s H a nb ur y ( S c i e nc e Papers p 2 6 2 ) m e n ti o n s a dr u g u nd er
.
,
.

t h e n a m e o f ) 1 fl fl ( H si ao h u a n ch a i ) w h ic h i s also probabl y - -
‘
\

S k i n nu al th o u g h t h is ter m i s n ot gi v e n i n t h e P en ts a o
-
, Q 53} .

53} ( C h i n h u to u ) 1 52 a nd 3g 5} ( Y a t o m 1 4 8 6 are othe r

- -
, ,
-
, ,

n a m es b y w h ic h th e dr ug i s k n o w n b u t w h y t h e 5! is u sed i n ,

t h e fi rs t case does n ot appear I n th e l as t case i t ma y be a .

s u bsti t u te fo r 5 4 w h i c h is properl
,
y w ri t t e n $31
31 T h e d r ug i s .

o f a s weetish taste a n d i s n o n p oiso n o u s , I t i s said t o h a v e

-
.

t o n ic st o m ach ic pec toral a nd a n tiph logistic proper ties

, , ,
T wo .

pec ul iar d i fli c ul ti es for w h ic h i t is prescr ibed are e nt rop io n a nd

i nsec t s i n t h e e ar .

I A S IE B L O D I A N A —ifi
D E U TZ ( S o u s u) I d e n tifi ca n -
.

t i o n s are d o u btfu l th is ter m be i ng appl ied i n J apa n t o D eu tz za

'

S tap ny te a , a nd P / W f
’

zzta d e t tzu s
p e h ere ol low Faber Li . .

S h i h C h e n see m s n o t t o h a v e reco gn ized t h is t ree a l th o ugh h e

-
,

g ives w h at w as said abo u t i t by ol der a u th ors The tree is .

a bo u t t e n fee t h igh a nd bears redd ish berries ,

s i m ilar t o t h e ,

f r ui t o f t h e Ly et u m Th e bark is w h i te a nd is t h e part u sed

'

.
,

i n m ed ici n e I ts proper t ies are said to be cool i ng a nd d i u reti c

. .

I t i s prescr ibed for th e th ir ty s ix diseases o f t h e l ower abdo m i na l -

r e gi o n ( F R ”) i n w o me n
E
“

E .
 V E G E TA B L E K I NGDOM . 1 49

D I AN T H U S C I N E N SI S
H — E fi ( S h i h e lm ) Th is t h e .
‘
- .
,

co m mo n C h i n ese p i n k i s n o t d i st i n g uish ed i n th e P én ts a o
,

fro m th e n ex t a nd i n fac t t h e t w o are O fte n co n fo u nded by

, , ,

O bser v ers .

DIANTHUS SU PE R BUS ( C h u m ai
) 2 3 7 T h is .
‘ -
,
.

is th e sa m e as D t a n tlt u s fi s e/ T h e see d rese m bl es w hea t

° '

t er t .
,

w h e n ce th e n a m e Th e d r i ed fl oweri n g pl a n t i s sold i n
.

t h e m ed i c i n e sh ops bei n g fo u n d i n l arge y el l o w b u nd les

, ,
.

Th e flo wer i n g h eads a n d leaves O f these pl a n ts are u sed i n

m ed ic i n e a nd ver y re mark abl e a n d d iss i m i lar v i rt ues are
,

ascribed to t h e m T h e for m er i s sai d to be d i u ret i c v u l

.
,

n e r a ry
,
aborti fac ie n t to rel i eve opa ci t ies O f th e cor n ea t o
, ,

c h eck post part um h e m orrh age al lev iate fl uxes p ro m ote th e

-
, ,

gro wth O f h a i r a nd is u sed a ls o i n th e trea t m e n t O f gravel

, ,

a m e n orrh oea a n d as a resol ve n t for i nc i p i e n t abs c esses

,
The .

l atter i s u sed i n h e morrh oids bl oody d i arrh oea l u m bricoi d , ,

w or ms O ph th a l m i a as wel l as i n b uboes a n d v e n erea l sores i n

, ,

w o men .A lso s u c h d i ffi c u l ties as bo nes i n th e th roa t b a m ,

boo spl i nts i n th e fl e sh a n d w o u nds w i t h k n ives o r scissors

,

are trea ted by th e i n te r nal ad m i ni stra tio n O f a d ecoct i o n O f

th is pla n t .

D I C T AM N U S A L B U S — é fl ( Pa i h sie n ) 9 47 . T h is i s -
,
.

a w h i te root w i th a stro n g O d or w h i c h rese m bl es t h a t O f t h e ,

goat ; he nce t h e n a m e also w r i tte n a g? ( Pai sha n )

,
I t is a -
.

c o m m o n p la n t i n M id C h i n a I t has fl owers rese m bl i n g th ose

-
.

O f t h e A l t/
t ea a n d t h e ro ot i s l i k e a s m al l t u r n i p
,
Th e fr u i t .

co nsists O f se v eral carpel s l ik e th e Z a n tlzoxy lon a nd i s th ere ,

fore cal led 3 g 5 1 ( C h i n ch i a o é m

r h ch iao ) gol de n bird
-
‘ - -
,
“ -

pepper ”
. T h e root i s th e part u sed i n m ed i c i n e a n d t o i t i s ,

ascribed to n i c sed at iv e a n ti pyret i c a n d t us s i c q u al i t i es

, ,
It is ,
.

also rec o m m e n de d i n post par t u m d i ffi c u l ties a nd th e n er v o us

-

cry i ng O f c h i ldre n .

D I E R V I LL A — l§% { E ( Ya ng l u) Th is
V E R S I C O L OR .
-
.

i s th e sa m e as Wezgeta j ap e n zea I t i s also by th e C h i

'

n ese c o n fo u n ded w i t h D e n ta t a I t i s a sh r u b
'

or s mal l t ree u sed i n m ak i ng h ed ges a nd i ts seeds a re

, ,
1 50 CH IN E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

bor ne i n a pod Th e l eaves wh i c h are sai d t o be sl i gh tl y

.
,

poiso n o us are reco m me n ded i n decocti o n as a w ash for v ir u

,

l e nt sores .

D I G IT A LI S —R oots o f a n u n id e n ti fi ed species O f t h is
.

pl a n t are sa id to be bro ugh t fro m H o na n u nd er th e n a m e o f

15 1 i f M ao ti h a g ) A s fat; 35 ( T i h u a n g ) is R elzm a n n i a
”

(
“

u n- -
.
-

l u t i n os a a n d as t h e leaves O f th is latter are also d ow n y i d e n t i

g , ,

fi c a t i o n b y t h i s m ea ns w o u l d be u n certa i n I t i s s ai d t h a t .

t h e roots o f th e for m er are s ma ller a n d m ore fusi for m th a n

t h ose O f t h e lat ter B ut th i s also w o u ld b e a n u n rel i abl e
.

m eth od O f i de n ti fy i n g so ac ti ve a d r u g I t is d o u bt fu l i f .

D igi ta l i s p u t p u m a i s fo u nd i n C h i n a or i f f o und i t h as n o t
/
,

y et bee n ide n ti fi ed ; so i t i s u n fort una te t h a t fig fi ( M ao t i -

h ua n g ) h as bee n ad op ted i n ph ar m acy as a C h i n ese eq u i v a le n t

O f th e n a m e O f th is dr ug .

D I G I T A R I A S A N G U I N A LI S Y u) 5 E ( Ma
3 .

’
‘
t a ng l T h is is Faber s i de n t i fi cat io n Th e J a pa nese c a l l i t
m
. .

C a ry op ter i s d i v a r i ca t a I t is also c al led i y ( Ya n g ma )

-
.
, ,

s i n ce bo th h orses a n d sh eep eat i t I t is sai d to h ave a .

very v i le a nd pers iste n t O dor w h i c h i s m e n ti o n ed i n t h e ,

Tso ch u a n as a n i l l ustrati o n O f t h e persiste nc e O f ev i l

-
It .

g rows i n m arsh es h as lo n g lea v es a nd a j oi n t ed ste m

,
I t .

m uch rese m bl es P otom og eton a n d h as by so m e bee n so ,

i de n ti fi ed .T h e roo t is th e part u sed i n m ed ic i ne a nd i s ,

prescribed i n i n fusio n as a n ey e a n d ear w ash for fet id f eet i n , ,

dry co ughs a n d to rel ie v e t h irst

,
.

D I O SC O R E A $5 ( S h a h yao) 1 1 0 8 (S h “ g“?
yii ) , L
3
. u - -
, ,

i fi g ( Pe i hsieh )
-
9 8 8 S,
/i an
y a o i s n o wad ays
. t h e co mm o n -

n a m e i n n orth C h i n a for t h e c ul ti vated y a m D i os cor ea j ap o n i ca ,

.

I n H upe h i t is D i os cor ea gu i n gu e toba a nd i n o th e r parts

'

O f C h i n a D i oscor e a ba t a t a s Th e J apa n ese l is ts d isti n g u ish.

D i os em ea j ap on i ca as H [ I] Q ( Ye h sh a n yao “ »D i oscor ea - -
,

u i n gu e to ba as [ 1] 35 fig( S h a n pe i h sie h ) a n d D i os cor ea s a t i v a as

“

- -
g ,

Q lid ;
( C h u a n
p
‘
e i h sieh )
-
Faber m ak -
es th e fi rs t t w o n a m es
.

a t th e h ead o f t h is articl e to b e ide n tica l a n d ass i g n s th e m ,

'

t o D i os cor ea gu i n gu etoba w h i le t h e t h ird h e ass i gn to D i oscor ea

’

,
 1 52 CH IN E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

O f w h i c h h e reco m m e nds th e e m pl oy m e n t O f a n extrac t O f

t h e fr u i t i n d iarrh oea a n d c h ro n i c d yse n te r y a n d as a basis O f ,

vag i nal i nj e c ti o n s i n go n orrh oea h a ve bee n l os t s i gh t O f by ,

C h i n ese p h ys i c i a n s A sort O f e x trac t o r O i l i s prepared

.
, ,

fro m th is fr u i t by c r us h i n g a n d press i n g I n t h i s w ay a dark .

,

res i n o us t h i c k j u i c e is prod u c ed w h i c h m ak es a n ex c el l e n t
, ,

v ar n ish u sed i n v ar n is h i n g pap er u m brel las a nd fa n s

,
It is .

ch eap er th a n w ood — Oil .

D I O S PY RO S H I R SU T A H 3 ( M ao sh il l ) I t is n o.t -
.

cer t ai n t h a t th i s tree is fo u n d i n C h i na b u t t h e p rob ab i l i t i es ,

are i n i ts favor T h e wood c al l ed C a l a nza n a er Wooa ( probabl y

.
,
’ ’

a corr uptio n o f C o ra m a nd e l Wood ) i s m e t wi th a n d is used as , ,

a s ubst i t u te for e bony .

D I O S P Y R O S K A K L — j ( Sh i h ) , gt
M ( J u a n t sao ) T h e -
.

fr u i t O f th is tree , w h i c h is co m m o n i n C h i na a nd J apa n is t h e ,

per s i m m on a l arge th i n sk i nn ed j u i c y fr u i t O f a n ora n ge o r

, ,
-
, ,

y el l ow ish c olor a nd h av i n g a s weet taste w he n fu l l y ri pe

, .

T h e taste o f t h e u n r i pe fr u i t i s ex c eed i n gl y astri nge n t Traces .

O f th e e i g h t c el led c h aracter O f t h e
-
fr u i t w h ic h prese n ts a ,

grea t v ar i ety of sh apes s iz e s a nd t i n ts are s o me ti mes m e t

_

, , ,

w ith . Th e C h i n ese ri pe n t h e fr u i ts arti fi cial l y by i nserti n g

O ne or m ore spl i n ts O f ba m boo i n to t h e m by th e sid e O f th e

ste m w h i c h h aste ns th e process of so fte n i n g

, T h ese h owe ver .
, ,

l a c k th e fi n e fl avor O f t h e n a t u ra l l y ripe ned fr u i t The .

pers i m m o n ap pears i n several for m s i n C h i n ese m edi c i n e .

T here i s a n art i fi c i al l y ri pe n e d fr u i t ca l led fit { L B ( H u ng S h i h ) ,

-
,

w h i ch is prod u c ed by pl ac i n g th e u n r i p e fr u i t i n a v essel c o n
ta i n i n g leaves a n d al low i n g a process O f fer m e n tati o n t o go o n
u n ti l t h e fr u i t is ri pe I t i s sa i d to be c o m e as swee t as h o ne y
.

u n d er t h is p rocess a n d is u sed as a n a n t i fe bri le

, a n t i v i n o us , ,

a n d de m u lce n t re m ed y A n oth er for m is c al led {3 i 513 ( Pai sh i h )

.
-

a nd $5 5 ( S h i h sh u a ng )
-
T h i s i s prepared by ta k i n g Off th e
.

s k i n O f th e fr u i ts a n d th e n ex posi ng th e m t o t h e s u n lig h t b y
,

day a nd th e de w by n i gh t u n t i l t h ey are d ry w he n a wh i tis h ,

p ow der w il l h a ve ga th ered u po n th e m T h e per s i m m o ns dr ied .

i n th i s w ay are cal led M } Q? ( S h i h pi ng ) 1 1 57 Th e m ed ic i na l

-
,
.

properties O f th e persi m m o n are t h o ug h t to be mu c h e nh a n ce d

 VEG ETA B LE K I NGDO M . 1 53

by th e process e m pl oy ed i n th e preparat i o n O f th is prod u c t I n .

add i t i o n to t h e prop e r t i es al ready des c r i bed a n th el m i n ti c , ,

r es torat i ve expe c tora n t a nd a n t i h e m orrh ag i c v i rt ues are as

, ,
-

c r ib e d a n d i t i s re c o m m e n ded i n v i r u l e n t sores a n d u l c ers

, I t is .

also sa i d to be a n a n t i d ote t o w ood O i l po i so n A n ot h er for m -

.

O f t he d ried fr u i t i s th e 5 { 55( W u S h i h ) w h i c h is pre pared by -

,

d ry i n g i n th e h ea t a n d s m ok e O f a fi re Th i s i s n o t to be .

c o n fo u n ded as does P orter S m i t h w i t h g

, ( Vvn m u ) w h i c h ,
-
,

i s [ V a/0a e é e n os ( see t h a t art ic l e ) Th i s for m O f th e pers i m m o n .

is pres c r i bed as a n a n th el m i n t i c i n w o u n ds as a n a n ody n e to , ,

ch e c k fl u xes a n d to preve n t n a u sea a fter t a k i n g other m ed i

,

c i nes E11 12} ( L i n sh i ll ) are preserved pers i m m o ns a n d are o f

.
-

t w o k i nds : th ose k e pt o v er by be i n g s i m pl y c overed w i th wa te r ,

a n d t h ose preserved i n sal t Th e for m er are c o n s i dered t o be

.

cool i n g w h i le t h e l a tter are said to be sl ig h tl y poiso n o u s

,
.

T h ey are regard ed as bei n g be n e fi c i al t o t h e S pl ee n a n d s to m a c h ,

a n d to d issol ve stag n a n t blood P e rs i m m o n c o n fe c t i o n { H

3E . lf:
,

( S h i h k a o) i s m ade by bea t i n g togeth er o n e pe c k O f gl u t i n o u s

-
,

r i ce a nd fi fty dr i ed pers i m m o ns a n d th e n s tea m i n g t he m i x ,

t u re u n til i t is c ooked d o n e I t i s re c o m m e nd ed t o be ea te n by
.

c h i ld re n i n cases O f a u t u m n a l d yse n ter y as w el l as i n oth e r ,

for m s o f flu x T h e fr u i t c al y c es lg i f? ( S h i h t i ) 1 1 59 a re
.
,
-
, ,

pres c r i be d i n de c octi o n i n obst i n a te c o ug h a n d dysp noea Th e .

bark a n d w ood are prescr i bed as astr i n ge n ts i n fl u xes a n d as

sty pti c s i n w o u n ds a n d u l c ers T h e roo t i s re c o m m e n d ed as a
.

u n i versa l astri n ge n t £ 1
11 fig 51g (
1 C h
. e n t o u c h i a ) i s sa i d to be -
‘ -

t h e M o n gol i a n ( T u rkic ) n a m e for t h e pers i mm o n .

D I O S P Y RO S L O T U S E is; ( C h u n c h ie n t -
z fi i
fig -
‘ -
,

( S u a n tsao ) 1 20-
5 g ( H e i ts a o
, ) 3 6 8 , fi t ( J u a n tsao ) -
, ,
-
,

Ya g sh h tsao II th e c ase o f so m e O f t h e forego i n g

93 ( n i ) I - -
.

p/
’

n a m es th ere i s u n c erta i n t y as to w h et h er D i ospj / r os o r Z zz z i us

i s m ea n t T h e P é n ts a o g i ves a n u m ber o f oth er n a m es w h i c h

.
,

re fer c h iefly to th e sh ape o f th e fr u i t I t a lso says t hat t h e .

fr u i t rese m bles th e date b u t th a t th e tree is l i ke th e pers i m m o n

,
.

Th e fr u i ts are c o n s i dered to be a n t i febr i le a n d are als o u sed ,

to pro m ote se c re t i o n Th ey wa rd Off ev i l i n fl u e n c e a n d w h e n

.
,

ea te n fo r so m e t i m e gi v e a pleas i n g ap peara n c e to th e co u n
,

t e na n c e a nd s tre n gt h a n d l i gh t n ess t o th e body

,
.
 54 CH I NESE M ATER I A M ED I C A .

D I P H Y LL E I A F3] ( K u e i c h i u)
g flg
5.
tll ( T u c h i o l ie n) -
,
- -
,

A Q ( P a c h iO l ie n ) Fa ber ide n t i fi es t h e fi rst as A l l S Q l l l a ’

- -
.

e m p li
li e / l l a a n d i n H u peh t he se c o n d also si g n i fi es A r i s w m a
y ,
.

H e n ry fo u n d t h e l ast to be P e d op / i l l u m z e r S i b el l e
y j w h i le B ret '
,

sch n e ider fo un d th at pl a n ts raised fro m T u e/ zi b l i e n seed

p ro - -

c u red a t Pek i n g proved to be Typ/ zo n i u m

g ig a n teu ni I t i s n ot .

q u i te cl ear w h e th er [ ( u ei ell i n is D ipli y l l e i a o r P ed op bj ll u m A

- f .

l arge n u m ber O f n a m es are gi ve n i n th e P e n ts a o as t h e eq u i va ‘

le n ts O f K u e i e/ zi u b u t i t is probable t ha t several d i ff ere n t pla n ts

-
,

are c o n fo u n ded i n th ese n a m e s T h e pl a n t descri bed grows .

i n s h a d v pla c es i n m o un ta i n s I t see m s to be a k i n to th e N ort h .

”
A m er i c a n u m brel la pl a n t
“
T he root i s pere n nial a n d ea ch .
,

y ea r se n ds up a s tal k w h i c h o n d y i n g a t th e e nd o f t h e seas o n
,
”
l ea ves a d epress i o n o r ey e w h i c h is l i k e n e d to a m orta r
, ,

B ) .A n t h el m i n t i c a n d a n t i sep t i c pro perties are ascri bed t o th e

d r u g w h i c h c o n s i sts o f th e root o f t h e pla n t a nd i t i s used i n t h e
, ,

t reat m e n t o f c o u ghs m ala r ia c a n c e ro u s sores s na k ebi te a n d

, , ,

ar row poiso n i n g reta i n ed dead foet us a n d per n i c i o u s j a u nd i ce

, , .

Th a t th e r oot i tsel f i s regarded as poiso n o us ma y be i n fe rred

fro m t h e variety o f v i r u le n t d iseases fo r w h ic h i t is prescr i bed .

DI PSACUS t ua n) 4 7 4
. A t Pek i n g th is i s ( H su -
,
.

D ip s a cu s j ap on i eu s b u t a t H a n k o w i t is D ip s a cu s a st er
,
In .

J apa n i t i s L a m i m n a l bu m I t is a lso cal led ti “5 ( C h i e h k u ) .

-
,

as i t i s co ns i d ered c a pable o f j oi n i n g toge th er brok e n bo nes .

Th e roots are me t w i t h i n co mm erce i n sh ort p i eces very h ard , ,

brow n a n d w ri n k led a n d O f a di rty w h i te c ol or i n t h e i n terior

, , .

Th e taste i s sw ee t i sh m u c il agi n o us a nd w i t h a b i tterish a fter

, ,

taste .T h e root is th e par t u sed i n m ed ici n e I t is co nsidered .

t o be to n i c i n e x h a ust i n g d iseases w o u n ds t um ors frac t u res , , , ,

a n d r u pt u red te n d o n s
( as i ts n a m es i n d i c a te ) s u p pressio n O f t h e ,

secret i o n o f m il k d ys m e n orr h oea h e m orrh age a nd is e m pl oyed

, , ,

i n h e m orrh o i ds ca n cer o f th e breast a n te a nd pos t part u m

, ,
-

d i ffi c u l ties o f every k i n d i nc o n ti n e n ce o f u ri n e a nd t h reate n ed

, ,

aborti o n Th e best q ual i ty of t h e d r ug is cal led Ill fig g

.

( C h u a n h s iI t u a n )
‘ -
‘

-
.

D O LIC H O S C U L TR A TU S
E}: ( C h iao t ou ) T h is .
‘ -
.

i s a J apa n ese i d e n ti fi c at i o n of a bea n si m i la r t o D ol i e/

zb s l a bl a b
,

b ut blac k i n c ol or w i t h a w h i te l i n e t h ro ugh t h e h i l um o n
, ,
1 56 CH IN E S E M AT E R I A M EDICA .

p a l u s zr e
‘
a nd
p r /b l i a ta T h e c l ass i c al
A r a bi c n a m e eO f t h e .

pla n t i s E ( T i e n ) O t h er n a m es are 5 6] i ;t ( K O tl C l l i )
.
if » -
, ?
“

( Ta S h i h ) a n d j : 15 ( Ta S h i h )
-
,
Th e pl a n t v e r v m uc h rese m
,
-
.

bles m u stard Th e seed s a re s m al l y el l o w a n d v e b i tter

.
, ,
.

L i S h i h C h e n says th ere are t w o k i n d s o f th i s prod u c t — t h e

-

swee t a nd t h e b i tter — a n d tha t t h e for m er i s c al led 37] 312 ( K o n 1

”
ch i e h ) d o g m u stard
,
“
T h e seed s are th e par t u sed i n .

m ed i c i n e a n d are bo i l ed w i th gl u t i n o u s r i c e fo r t h i s p u r pose
, .

Th ey are sa i d to a ct as a d e m u l c e n t lax at i ve a n d d e o b s tr u a n t , ,

d r u g a n d are gi ve n i n d r opsy dys u r i a a m e n orrh oea c o u gh s

, , , , ,

a n d fevers E x ter n al l y th e y are u sed fo r d e c a y ed tee th t i n ea

.
, ,

a n d p oiso n i n g fro m h orse swea t e n teri n g a w o u n d ( poss i bl y

a n th r a x ) .

D R Y A N D RA C OR D A T A —E? 5? 1113] ( Y i n g t z ti
‘
~
r

Th is i s t h e sa m e as E l ce oeb eea b er m/( 03 a i 0 17 111 9 i s a n ear t h

i i .
-

e n wa re j a r c arr i ed by a s tr i n g r u n th ro u g h
,
th e ears Th i s .

c h arac ter i s h ere u sed i n al l u s i o n t o th e sh a pe O f th e fr u i t .

Th e sa m e c h ara c ter i s u sed i n t h e n a m e fo r th e p op p y i n ,

re fere n c e to t h e sh ap e O f th e c aps u l e A n oth er n a m e f o r th i s .

tre e i s [ E ”
l (
l
fi l H u t z i i t i ger seed-
t u n g i n re f “ ‘
,

ere n ce t o th e v i ole n tl y po iso n o us c h ara c te r o f th e s e e d s S t il l .

a n oth er n a m e i s H5] (J é n fro m th e sh a p e O f th e seeds

be i n g s i m i la r to a bea n c a l led by th i s d i s t i n g u i sh i n g c h ara c ter .

T he n fi n al l y a n d c o m m o n l y i t is c al led (lit H
, ] ( Yu
a ,

Oil fr om t h e fa c t th at fro m i t i s prod uced th e O i l

”
k n ow n as H ]
a ifl ] ( T u n g t z u y u » t u n g s e ed O i l
‘
Th i s
- -
,
“ ‘ - -
.

tree is ex te n s i ve ly c u l t i vated i n th e Y a ngtse val ley a n d i s also ,

w el l k n ow n i n J a pa n T he P en ts a b say s i n regard to i t a n d i ts
.
‘

prod uc t : I t grows i n th e h i lls a n d th e tree i s l ik e th e S te r cu li a

“
,

a ta n f b l i a Th a t o f w h i c h th e pe ople i n t h e so u th m ak e O i l
p l i .

i s t h e Eli] H ] ( K a ng t u n g
a r i d ge -
T he seeds a re
‘
,
“

l arger th a n t h ose O f S te r n /Zi a I n th e earl y spr i n g a flower i s .

prod u c ed i n c ol or a pal e red a n d i n sh ape l i k e a d r u m

,
Th e ,
.

fl o we r c h a n ges i n to a t u be i n w h i c h are fo u n d th e seed s o u t o f ,

”
w h i ch th e O il i s m ade T h e above a re q u ota t i o n s fro m a n c i e n t
.

w orks L i S h i h C h e n say s :
. R i d ge t u n g i s a p u rpl e flo wered
- -
‘

P a u l ow n i a Th e bra n c h es tr u n k leaves a n d flowers O f t h e

.
, , ,

Y u t u ng are s i m i lar t o th e R idge t u n g b u t s m al ler The

‘ ‘
- -
.
,
 V E GE TA B LE K I NGDOM . 1
57

tre e g ro ws m ore sl ow l y a n d th e fl o wers are sl i g h tl y redd er , .

B u t i ts fr u i t i s large a n d ro u n d a n d i n e a c h fr u i t th ere are tw o ,

o r fo u r seeds as l arge as th ose o f th e j g H

, it {F ( Ta fe n g t z ti ,
- -
,

Gy n oea m i a oa om ta L uc r a ba n seeds ) I n ter n al l y th e y are

’ ’
.
,

w h i te th e taste is s wee t i sh a n d th e a c t i o n i s e m e ti c I t i s
, ,
.

also c al le d p u rpl e flo we re d ‘
a n d is ex te n s i vel y c u l t i va ted
-

b y m e n w h o pl a n t a n d col le c t t h e seeds fo r t h e b us i n ess O f

,

O il m ak i n g
- T he o i l i s u sed by pa i n te rs fo r o i l i n g a n d c a u lk i n g
.

boats I t i s O fte n ad u l terated b u t i f a ba m boo —

. spl i nt r i n g ,

w i l l pi c k i t u p l i k e th e h ead o f a d r u m i t i s ge nu i n e Th e ,
.

”
sl i gh tl y a c rid c ool i n g a n d ver y po i so n o us
.

O il i s s weet ish , , , .

I ts act i o n i s e m eti c a n d s tra n ge t o say al c oh ol i s c o nside re d

, , ,

t o be a n t i d otal t o i ts a c t i o n I t i s app l ied ex te r n al l y t o pa ra si t i c.

sk i n d iseases a n d w o u nds as w el l as t o scald s a n d b u r ns ,

I ts .

e metic act i o n i s tak e n ad va n tage o f i n asth m a a n d co ugh s .

W i ne n ose a nd brok e n c h i l blai n s are al so treated w i th i t Th e

- .

o il also e n ters i n to th e co m pos i t i o n O f n earl y al l o f t h e ord i n ary

C h i nese plasters .

D R Y M O GL O S S U M C AR N O SU M g ( L O y en .
-

ts a o ) £ 65 El é ( C h i n g m i e n
‘
T h is s n ai l sh el l grass ”
- -
, ,
”
or m i rror face grass is a fer n w h i c h grows i n ro c k y pla c es
-
, ,

a nd i s o f a redd i sh c olor A s a p o u l t i ce or i n deco c tio n i t is .

, ,

appl i ed t o swel l i ngs fet i d fee t a n d th e l i k e I t i s als o take n

, ,
.

i n ter nal l y i n h e m orrh ages s uc h as h e m at uria h e m ate m esis , , ,

a n d n ose bl eed I t i s used pr i nc i pal l y h owe ver i n fe lo n s a n d

.
, ,

a ni ma l bi tes .

D R Y O B A L A N O P S A RO M A TI C A D ry oba l a n op s t a i n ,

p /zo m Th i s . tree i s fo u n d i n th e isla n ds o f t h e M alay s i a n

ar c h i pela go a n d i s also said to be fo un d i n K u a n gt u n g a n d

,

F u k i e n al th o u gh th ere see m s to be n o C h i n ese n a m e for i t

,

re c ord ed i n th e books T h e s t ea re op te n der ived fro m i t w h ic h .

,

i s s i m i lar i n c o m pos i tio n to ca m p h or i s k n o w n i n co mm erce as ,

B or neo o r B a ro os c a m ph or
,
T h e n a m e m os t c o m m o n l y
,
~
.

u se d fo r i t i n C h i nese i s 5 k 5 ( P i ng p i e m 1 0 2 9 b u t t h ere
5 - ‘
,

are severa l n a m es for th i s prod u c t s u c h as { g “iii a ( L u n g , ,

:

h a o hs i a n g )
-
if; T 6 FF ( M e i h u
,
a
j g, i
Z é 5
5 ( C h i eh p o - -
‘

l o hs i a n g ) a nd £5 fi P O l n h sia n g ) K fig ? ( M i n a o)
‘
; {2 (
- - - -
, 7 .
,
 I 58 CH IN E S E M ATE K I A M ED I C A .

ii (
“iii S u -
n ao \
, a
a nd
; fill} HQ ( C h i n ch iao n a o ) are m e nt io n ed i n- -

th e P en ts a b as n a m es o f vari et ies o f t h is d r ug bro u g h t fro m ,

i
t h e I n d e arc h pel go
n i a
i“
f
? %j( fl :
( C h i
. n g pi n g p i e n ) a n d
‘ - -
‘

IV E k 1?
5 1 N i p i n g p i e n ) a re n a m es gi ve n by
- -
‘
D r W i l l ia m s t o .

i nd i c a te th e t w o sorts clea n a nd d irty bro u gh t t o t h e C h i nese

, ,

o ) i s t h e n a m e o f a very
m ark et g {55fig? Ts a g l ‘
.
( n u n
g n a - -

p u re g rey is h c r ystal l i n e va r i e ty said to be m uc h stro n ge r th a n

, , ,

a n y O f th e othe r sorts T hi s s tea re o p te n is a nat ural prod uc t

.
,

fo u nd i n th e cel l u lar space o f th e w ood Th e m ost co mm o n .

port o f s h i p m e n t o f th is val u a bl e s u bs t a n ce i s B a roo s o n th e ,

w est coas t of S u m a tra h e n c e o ne o f th e E n gl ish n a mes The .

tree i s strai gh t w i th a tal l ste m so m e ti m es t we n ty fee t t h i c k

, ,

overtoppi n g w i th i ts h u ge cro w n oth er large trees to th e ex te n t

o f so m e s c ores o f fee t Th e n a ti ves d es c r i be th ree k i nds o f
.

t h is tree n a m ed th e M a i l a ng n a n M a r bi n tu ng a n a nd th e
, , ,

M a r t i n ta rg a n al l d is ti n g u ish ed by th e m ere color o f t h e i r

,

ba rk . T h e d ark gree n o v al poi n ted lea v es are to ugh a nd

-
. ,

ca m ph ora ceo u s . Th e acor n l i k e fr u i t co m pared b y th e -

,

C h i n ese to th at of th e card a m o m i s ea te n as a rel ish or a s a , ,

s weet m eat by t h e n ati ves Th e trees are c u t d ow n i n A pri l

.

or M ay w h i l e fr ui ti n g a n d th e w h ol e o f t h e i mm e nse tr un k
, ,

i s S pl i t u p a nd sa c ri fi c ed to fi nd t h e grai ns or flat p ieces o f

crystal ized ca m ph or th e larges t o f w h ic h rarel y exceeds h a l f
,

a n i n c h across . T h ey are m e t w i t h i n crev ices or cel ls i n t h e

bod y o f t h e tre e a nd m o re f req u e n tl y i n th e s wel l i n gs o f t h e
,

bra n ch es as th ey i ss ue fro m t h e tr u n k O ne tree m a y y iel d as .

m u c h as a h al f p o u nd I t is m e t w i th i n c o m m erce i n crys ta l
.

l i z ed redd ish w h i te grai n s w h ic h u p o n c loser i nspec ti o n are

,
-
,

see n to be m ix ed w i th part icles of a p urer w h i te c ol or Lar ge .

col orless crystals are sel d o m m e t w i th i n th e n ort h H a n b ur y .

sa ys th at it “
h as th e od or o f co mm o n Or l a u rel ca m ph or ,

m ixed w i th so m eth i n g th a t h as bee n l i ke n ed t o pa tc h o ul i It .

i s less vola til e th a n la u re l c a m ph or a n d h as a greate r speci fi c ,

”
g rav i ty ,
so th a t i t s i n k s i n wa te r Its c o m posi tio n is C m H mO
.
,

t ha t o f ord i nary ca m ph or bei n g C H 6 O I t is iso meric w i t h 10 1

.

Ng a i ca mp / 1 07 ( see B l u ni ea ba l s a m / f eta ) .

T h i s d r u g is co n sid ered to be poiso n o us a nd is l i t tl e u sed ,

as a n i n ter n al re m ed y I t h as bee n u sed by perso ns atte m pti ng

.

s u ic ide ,
b u t i t i s d o u bt fu l w h e the r i t w i l l d estroy th e l i fe of a
1 60 CH IN E S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

E .

E C HI N OP S — lE E ( L o u l n)
S P H ZE R O C E P H A L U S -
,

75 6 . A n oth er n a m e i s E } Fig ( Ye h l a n ) w i l d E u
p a t o r i u zn -
,
.

A lso a }? ( C h i a h ao ) arte m i sia -

w i th p ods,
o n ac c o un t of ,

i ts re s e m b l a i fée to A r te /n i s i a’
S t il l a n oth er n a m e gi ve n i n .

t h e P en ts a o i s Q ill! H il ( K uei y u m a ) b u t th is is i n a l l prob - -

, ,

ab i l i ty a n oth er pl a n t m ay be Si /
,
zo n b s te i a
, g T h e i d e n ti fi .

c at i o n u sed h ere i s Fa ber s b ut w i th o u t do u b t t h e C h i n ese ’

,

co n fo u n d several pl a n ts u n der t h e above n a m es T h e pl a n t .

i s said to h av e a ge nera l rese m bl a n c e to A r te m i s i a [ n ea r ,

z/i l l e a a n d S es a m u m ; s o i t is l i ttl e w o n de r th a t t h e C h i n ese

, ,

w i th th eir l a c k o f a n y de fi n i te syste m o f c lassi fi cat i o n sh o u l d ,

.

h ave co n fo un ded t hese T h e pl a n t h as a q u i l l l i ke ste m

.
-
,

a n d gro ws t o th e h e i gh t o f fo u r o r fi ve fee t It bears y el l o w .

fl ow ers a n d fr u i ts i n a p o d
, W h e n d ry th e pods as wel l .
, ,

as t h e w h ol e pla n t t ur n very d ark al m ost bl a c k i n col or

, ,
.

V ario u s parts are u sed i n m ed i c i n e b u t t h e P é n ts a o m e n t i o ns ,

p art i c u l arl y t h e root a nd sh oots T h e root goes by th e na m e o f .

E i s 132
5 ( L n l i k é n) -
I t i-
s c o n si dered to be a very e ffi c ac i o u s
.

a nd be ne fi c i a l re m ed y a nd i s p res c r i bed for v ir u l e n t u l c ers

,

a n d sores fail u re o f se c re t io n o f m il k to c h e ck ex ha us t i n g
, ,

d isch arges as a n a n t h el m i n ti c a nd i t i s reco m m e n de d for

, ,

u se i n t h e bath .

E CLI P T A A L B A — fi g H g; ( Li E} { g fl ( H a n ;

l ie n 3 59 A n u m ber O f ot h er n a m es are gi ve n i n
.

t h e P en ts a o fo r th is p l a n t I ts i de n ti fi ca ti o n i s tolerabl y.

cer tai n al th o u g h B ra u n i n t h e H a nk o w l ist cal led th e prod uc t

,
’ ”!
a r i etl
“
l i l i es Th e pla n t wh e n b ro k e n ex u des a bl a c k
'

'

s t i c k y j u i c e o n w h i ch a c c o un t i t is cal led g if ( M o
,
“
i n k vege table
-
I t grow s i n da m p so i l to t h e h eigh t o f
.

o n e o r t w o feet h as a w h i te flowe r a n d seeds l i k e t h e f n u l a

, ,
.

A yel l o w fl owered k i n d I s spoke n o f b u t t h is i s c o n fo u n ded ,

w i th F or sy t/ zi a T he m ed i c i n a l act i o n o f th e pl a n t is sa i d to
.

be astri n ge n t ch eck i ng h e m orrhage a n d fl u xes a n d i t i s u sed

, ,

t o bl a c ke n t he h a ir t i h t e n t h e tee th a nd i n al l sor ts o f ey e
g , ,

t ro u bl es .
 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDOM . 1 61

E L E A G NU S L O N GI P E S — fifl Ea ( H u t - u i - tzu)
‘
.

T h is is a n evergree n t re e or s h r u b gro wi n g i n n or th er n C h i na ,

a nd M o ngol ia bear i n g a dr u pe si m i lar to th a t o f Ca m u s

,

ofi czn a l zs B esides se v eral n a m es w h i c h are p ossibl y t ra nsl i t

’ ’

era t i o ns o f T u rk i c or M o n gol n a m es i t is ca l led a; 5 1 EX ,

”
( C h iao é rh s u) bird ch eese bec a use th e bi rds are fo n d of th e
‘ - - -
, ,

fr u i t . Th e par t s u sed i n m edi c i n e are t he seeds t h e root a nd , ,

t h e lea v es Th e fr u i t s h o u ld n o t be us ed i n f e v er a nd i s
.
,

prescri bed o n l y i n w ater y d iarrh oeas Th e root is used i n .

decocti o n as a w as h for fo ul sores a n d i tc h i n ma n a nd f or ,

sores o n dogs a nd h orses I t i s also ad m i nistered as a n .

as t ri nge n t i n h e mop t ysis T h e l ea v es are prescr ibed fo r co ugh s

. .

E L ZE OCO CCA C OR D A T A . See D ry a n a m ’

co r d a ta .

E L A TO S TE M MA U M B E LL A T U M E (i z .
—3f ;
“

( C h i h c h é sh i h c h é )
’ -
‘
Th is is a re d lea ved red s t e m med
- -
.
, ,

p urple rooted pla n t gro w i ng i n t he ce n tral pro v i nces a nd

, ,

belo ngi n g to th e fol ia ge pla n ts T he roo t is t h e par t u sed It . .

i s acr id bi tter a nd poiso n o us a n d i s prescri bed for col ds

, , , ,

w or m poiso n a nd fla t u le n ce , I t is sa i d to i m pro v e th e fl es h .

a n d t h e col or o f th e s k i n , a n d is probabl y sto m ac h ic a nd t o n i c .

E LS H O LT Z I A C R I ST A T A —% ( H si a n g j u) 4 1 3 3 .
c -
, .

T h is pla n t occ urs bot h i n t h e w ild a n d t h e c u l ti v ated s t a t e s ,

a n d see m s t o h ave i ts n at u ral h abitat i n th e ce n tra l p ro v i n ces .

I t i s gr ow n i n garde ns a nd i s used as a pot h erb or co n di m e nt:

,
-

I t i s car m i n ati v e astri n ge n t a nd sto m ac h i c i s prescr ibe d i n

, , ,

fl uxes d ropsy a n d na u sea a nd i f ta ke n d uri n g th e s umme r

, , ,

mo n th s i s s u pposed to w ar d o ff fe v e rs N ose bl e ed a nd b u r n i ng .

of th e fee t are treated w i t h i t T h e pla n t h as se v era l o th er .

na m es g i v e n t o i t i n t h e P é fl t m o .

E PHE DRA V U L GA R I S T h is .
—fisjfnféf ( M a h ua ng)
'
-
, 80 1 .

is a co mm o n pla n t i n n ort h C h i n a a nd M o n gol ia T h e pri n .

c i p a l s u ppl y o f th e dr u g see m s t o h a v e co me f ro m H o na n

provi n ce Th e pl a n t w i th its l eafless bra n c h es h a s a sl i gh t

.
, ,

rese m bl a n ce to E gm se tzm z a nd i n Ja pa n as we l l as i n C h i na
’

has bee n co n fo u nded w i th th i s l atte r I t bears y el low flowers .

,

a nd prod uces red , e d ib le berr ies w h ic h h a v e bee n l i ke ned to ,

 62 C H I N ES E M A T E R I A M E D I C A .

th e raspberry Pistil late a nd sta m i n ate flowers are bor n e o n

.

d i flere n t pl a nts Th e d r ug c o n sists o f th e yel lo w j oi n t ed ste ms

.
,

of t h e pla n t t i ed up i n b un d les o r t h e ste m s fro m w h ich th e

, ,

j oi nt s h a v e bee n rej e c ted c u t u p i nto a c h a ff l ik e m ass T h e

,
-
.

reaso n for rej ecti n g th e j oi n ts i s beca use they are co nsi dere d
t o h a v e a m edi c a l a c t i o n d i ff eri n g fro m a n d i n a m eas u re ,

co u n terac t i ng th at of t h e s te m s T h e ac tio n i s represe n ted

.

as d ec ided l y d ia ph ore ti c a nd a n tipy reti c I t i s prescr ibe d i n .

f evers especial l y m al aria l fe ver i n co ugh s

,
i n fl u e n za , a nd
, ,

post par t u m d i ffi c u l t ies

-
I ts u s e s h o ul d n ot be lo ng co n ti n ued
.
,

lest i t w eake n th e bod y .

Th e root w h i c h i s als o k n ow n as 5
, 6] fig ( K o u k u) toge t h er -
,

w i th t h e j oi n ts i s co ns i d e red to h ave a n ac ti o n d i re c tl y op pose d

,

t o th a t o f th e ste m a n d i s th erefore prescribed i n pro fuse

,

s weati ng ei t h er cri tical o r n at ural

,
I t is u sed as a d usti n g .

pow der , app l ied t o t h e w h ol e b od y A l t h o ug h i t p robab ly h a s

.

so m e as t ri n ge n t proper t y i t i s no t reco mm e n ded f o r a ny o the r

,

d i fli c ul ty or to be used i n a n y d i ff ere n t w ay
,
T h e fr ui t i s .

m u ci lagi n o us w i t h a sl i gh tly acr id or p u n ge n t fla v or , a nd i s

,

ea t e n by th e Ch i nese .

E P I G ZE A A S I A TI C A Lj M { (
l Sh a p i Th ere ‘
; E n .
- -

i s n o d es c r i pti o n o f th is i n t h e books a nd L i S h i h C h e n o n l y ,
-

say s th a t th e c h arre d t w i gs p u l veri ze d a n d m ixed w i th h o ne y

, ,

a re very e fli c a c i o us i n t h e treat me n t o f scalds a nd b u r ns Th e .

’
i de n t i fi cat io n is Faber s .

See A cer a u t/
'

E P I M E D I U M S AG ITT A T U M . zu s sa
g zt

ta l u s .

E P I PH Y T E S T h e Ch i n ese d o n ot dis t i ngu i s h be t wee n

.
-

ep ip h y t e s a nd parasi t es N ear l y al l proper ep ip h y t es go by

.

th e n a me o f fi 513 ( C h i s h éng) , t o w h i c h is pre fi xe d th e na m e

-

o f t h e t ree u po n w h ic h t he y are f o u n d T h e m ed ica l prop .

e rti es of t h e ep i p h y t e i n m os t cases are s u ppose d t o be so m e

w h at s i m i lar t o t h ose o f t h e pl a n t u po n w h i ch i t grows .

T h ere i s th erefore n o sort o f c lass ifi cati o n o f t h ese pl a n ts The .

o nl y o nes especi al l y m e n t io ne d i n th e P é u ts a o are th e m u l ber r y

jbky te, th e p ea ch ep zp/ /
'

epz z te
y ,
a n d t h e w i ll ow ep z
p z te
y a n d ,
1 64 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

E RGO T —A s
ry e d oes n ot gro w i n C h i n a t r ue er go t i s
.
,

n ot f o u n d A d ecoc t i o n o f t h e sh oots o f A ven a f a l u a ( g gs

.
,

C h iao m a i ) i s g i v e n t o part u rie n t w o m e n t o exc i te u teri n e

‘ -

co n trac ti o n s a n d i t m a y be s ur m ised th a t th ere i s a n ergot

,

l i k e grow th o n th ese s h oots Th e P en ts a o describes a grow t h

.

a ppeari ng o n th e h eads of w h ea t a n d barl ey w h e n t h e grai n is

nearl y ri pe w h i c h i t cal ls Q; fill ( M ai n u )

, B ut th is i s prob -
.

abl y a r us t or s m u t as n o sp eci al a c t i o n u po n th e u ter u s

,

h as bee n d iscovered u n der i ts use ( See A vena f a tua H or .

,

d eu m Tr i zi cu nz a nd Z ea may s )
, , .

E RIA NTHU S J A P O N I C US —E§ ( M a ng ) T h is is a . .

a m m
" ”

rass a l so cal led E? ( P a g) or 5:

31 P ) d se d
"

g ,
a n ( a -
a o a n u -
,

f or m ak i ng scree n s a n d fe n ces I n H u peh i t is cal l ed A I fi

.

( P a wa- n
g I t i s also u sed t o m a k e ropes boxes a n d , ,

s h oes a n d th e a w n s are u sed for broo m s T h e ste m is used .

,

i n decocti o n, or t h e j u i ce of th e gree n pl a n t is e m pl oyed as a ,

d ress i n g i n a n i ma l bi tes a n d to pro m ote t h e absorp t io n o f

e x t ra v asa ted bl ood I t i s cl ai m e d th a t w or n o u t b oxes m ad e
.

o f t h is grass m a y be e m pl oy ed i n th e preparati o n o f th e d ec o c
t i o n w i t h w i n e eq u al l y w el l as th e pla n t i tsel f a nd i t is th ere
, ,

f ore t o be pres um ed t h a t old sh oes a nd ropes m ad e o f th e

s ubs t a n ce w o u ld be f o un d si m i larl y u sefu l for th is p urpose .

E R I G E R O N K A M TS C H A TI C U M T h is .

is th e sa me as E r i ger on a cr e I t i s a v ery c o m m o n w eed o f .

n ort h C h i n a a nd M o n gol ia b u t stra n ge t o say i t i s n ot d e

,

s cribed i n a n y o f t h e C h i n ese m ed ical w ork s co ns ul ted In .

J apa n th e sa me c h arac t er i s u sed for Cony z a a nzbzgu a Th is .

”
b ei n g a “
t u mbl e weed blo w n abo u t by t h e w i nds i t is t o
, ,

b e pres u me d th a t th e C h i n ese w o u ld h a v e t h o ugh t i t use ful

t o q ui ck e n th e ci rc ula t io n or g i v e s pri gh t l i ness t o th e muscle s,
or s o met h i ng o f t h a t s ort
-
.

E RI OB OTRYA JAP O N ICA i T h i s Is .

—1~H ’ P
: fE ( ,
‘

”
th e loq uat , or Ja pa n ese m ea a la r
’ ’
I ts C h i n ese n a m e is sai d .

t o be deri v ed fr o m t h e sh ape o f t he leaves , w h i c h are l i ke n ed

t o th a t o f t h e C h i nese g u i tar , £ 5 £5 ( P i‘
T h e ter m
loq uat h owe v er is a t ra nsl i tera t io n
, , of t h e Ca nt o nes e s o und
 VEGE T AB L E K I NGDOM . 1 67

n oth er n a m e for th e u mq u a t
”
w h ic h ch u
is a c
of g ffi ( Lu
) -
, ,

or gold e n ora n ge J u st h o w t h i s n a m e ca me t o be appli ed b y

.

forei g n ers t o t h e fr u i t of t h e E r i oboi ry a is u n certa i n as t h e ,

C h i n ese books d o n o t i nd i c a te a n y s u c h u se H owever i t .

,

see m s t h at th is ter m h as gai ne d c u rre n cy i n C al i for n ia w h ere ,

t h is fr u i t is n o w ex te n s i vel y grow n T he fr u i t l ea v es fl ow ers .

, , ,

a n d i n n er b a rk o f t h e tree are u sed i n m ed i c i n e Th e fr u i t i f t oo .

,

f reely eate n i s t h o u gh t t o i nj ure t h e splee n a n d i f ta k e n w i t h

, ,

roas t m ea t a nd h ot bre ad w i l l prod uce j a un di ce M ed i c i n al l y .

,

i t i s e m ployed t o rel ie v e th irst a nd n a usea a nd to pal l iat e

c o ugh T h e m ost i m porta n t m ed ici na l v i rt u es are asc r i bed t o
.

t h e l eaves I n d ecocti o n t hey are u sed t o re l ie v e v o mi t

,

i n g a n d co ug h as w el l as i n l ocal a p p l i ca tio n t o u lcers n ose

, ,

ble ed w i n e n ose ch apped face a nd s m al l pox u lcers

, , Th e
, .

flow ers a re u sed i n coryz a I f t h e bark is c he wed a nd t h e j u ic e

.

s w al l ow ed i t is said t o re l ie ve n a usea a nd v o m i ti ng
, .

E R I O C AU L O N fi c h i ng
. 619 é: ( K u
S ev -
.
.

eral species o f th is ge nus go u n der th e sa m e C h i nese na m e .

T h at m e n tio n ed i n t h e P é n l s a o i s a tro u bl eso m e w eed i n fi elds ,

spri ngi n g up after t h e grai n h as bee n h arvested a n d s u ppose d ,

t o be p rod u ced spo n ta n eo usly fro m th e a u ra o f t h e grai n h e n c e

”
i t s na m e gra i n esse nce grass
,
“
I t bears s m al l l eaves a nd .

ti n y star sh a ped fl ow ers a nd i n re fere nc e to t h i s l as t fa c t i t

,
-
,

recei ves s everal n a m es T h e pl a n t is fed t o h orses wi t h a

.
,

V ie w to pre v e n ti ng or c ur i ng i n tes ti n a l w or ms Th e fl ow ers .

are used i n m ed ici n e espec ia ll y i n h e m i cra n i a a nd ot h er h ea d

,

ac h es Th ey are also u sed as a n astri nge n t i n n osebl eed ,

.

opac ity o f t h e cor n ea espec ial l y t h at fol l ow i n g s mal l pox a n d

, ,

as a n a n ody ne i n c eph al i c d iseases a n d s unstroke T h e d r ug .

,

as descr ibed i n t h e C us to ms l is t , co m es i n b un dles o f th e dri ed

h erbage .

E R IT R I C H I U M B% é ( Ch i
PE D U N C U L A RE .

T h is is th e sa m e as Tr igonc ti s p ed u n eu la r zs
'

c h a ng
‘ '

I t is a co mm o n pl a n t i n gard e n s a nd co ur t yards C h il dre n .

ex press t h e j u ice of th e p la n t a nd m i x i t w i t h spider web to

u se f or catc h i n g c icadas Whe n c h ew ed t h e pla n t prod uc es
.
,

a v ery v isco us j uice I t is us ed i n medi c i ne a s a d i ure t i c , and

.
1 64 CH I N ESE M TE R I A M E DICA .

E RG O T — A s ry e d oe s n o t gro w i n C h i n a , t r ue ergo t is
.

not f o u n d A d ecoc t i o n o f h e s h oots o f A a en a f a tu a

. .

fi ,

C h iao m a i ) i s g i v e n t o p a i u r i e n t w o m e n t o exci te u teri ne

‘ -

c o n trac t i o n s a n d i t m a y b es ur m i s ed th a t th ere i s a n ergo t

,

l i k e grow t h o n th ese s h oots T h e P é n ts a o descri bes a grow th

a ppeari ng o n th e h eads of m ea t a n d barl ey w h e n t h e grai n is

nearl y ri pe w h ic h i t cal ls g : i n ( M ai n u ) B ut th is i s prob

‘

-
.
,

abl y a r us t o r s mu t a s no s p ec i a l a c t i o n u p o n th e u t er us
,

h as bee n d isco v ered un der 5 use ( S ee A v ena f a l ua , H or .

Tr i ti eu nz a nd Z ea ma s )
'
d e n ni , ,
.

E RIANTHU S J A P O NC US ( M a ng) T h is is a —Ef ‘

.

a l so cal led E a 1a ng or é: a m ao)

"

E ( a nd u se d
'
g rass , ;
l
f P ) ( P - -
,

f or ma k i n g scree n s a n d fe n c e I n H u pe h i t is cal l ed EE fi
'

( P a wa n -g I t i s a l s o us e d to m a k e ropes boxes a n d , ,

sh oes a nd t h e aw ns are us d for broo m s

,
Th e ste m is used .

i n dec octi o n , or t h e j u i ce O fth e gree n pl a n t is e m pl oy ed as a ,

d ressi n g i n a n i ma l bi tes a d to pro m ote th e absorpt io n of

ex tra v asated bl ood I t i s c ri me d t h a t w or n o u t b oxes m ade
.

o f t h is grass m a y be e m p l o yd i n th e pre para ti o n o f t h e d ec oc

t io n w it h w i n e eq u al l y w e l l s t h e pl a n t i t sel f a nd i t is th ere
, ,

f ore t o be pres um ed t h at cd sh oes a nd ropes

subs t a nc e w o u ld be f o un d s i n la rl y u sef u l for th i
'

E R I G E RO N K A MTS H A TI C U M .

is th e sa me as E r i g er on a re It is a .

orth C h i n a a n d M o n gol i a , b u t stra ng

n

s cr ibed i n a n y of t h e C h i nse m ed ical

J apa n th e sa me c h arac t er i sused f or C0

”
b e i ng a “
t u m ble weed to wn a bo u t ,

be pres u me d t h a t t h e C h i n e w o u ld h av e th o u
t o q u i ck e n th e ci rc u la t i o n 0 gi v e s pri gh t l i ness t o t
or so met h i ng o f t h a t s ort
‘

'

E RIOB OTRYA J A P O II C A .
—$tt $9 ( P i p
,
‘ - ‘

“ ”
th e loq uat or Ja pa n ese i e d d l a r
, I ts C h i n ese .

t o be deri v ed fr o m t h e s h a p of t h e lea ves w h ic h ,

t o th a t o f t h e C h i nese gu il r E as ( P i ,
‘

l oq ua t h ow ev er , i s a tra nsl e ra t i o n of th e Ca n to n
'

,
1 64 C H I N E SE M A T ER I A M E D I C A .

E RG O T — A s rye d e s n ot gro w i n C h i n a t r ue er go t is
.
,

not f o u n d A d e coc ti o n of t h e sh oots o f A v e n a f a tu a

.
g ,

C h i ao m a i ) i s g i v e n t o ) a rt u ri e n t w o m e n t o ex c i te u teri ne
‘ -

co n t rac ti o n s a n d i t m a ) be s ur m i se d t h a t t h ere i s a n er go t
,

l i k e grow th o n t h ese s h ots T h e P é l s a o d escri bes a grow th .

a ppeari ng o n t h e h ead s 6 w h ea t a n d barl ey w h e n t h e grai n is

nearl y r i pe w h ic h i t ca s g
, s fill ( M a i nu ) B ut th is is prob -
.

abl y a r us t o r s mu t a s no sp eci al a cti o n u p o n th e u t er us

,

h as bee n d isco v ered un or i t s us e ( S ee A vei za f a tua , H or .

d eu m Tr ztzcu m , a nd Z ea may s )
' '

.
,

ER IA NTHU S J A D N IC US
T h is is a .
—"cf ’
( M a n g) .

i m 531
$ m
"

d d
”

g rass a l so
,
cal led :
n ( a a ng) or : 2 ( P a a o ) a n u se - -
,

f or m a k i n g scree n s a n d in ces I n H u pe h i t i s ca l l ed A I E .

( P a wa n g- I t i s 150 u sed to m a k e ro pes boxes a nd , ,

s h oes a n d t h e a w n s a reus e d for broo m s

,
T h e s te m is used .

i n decoct i o n or t h e j u i c o f t h e gre e n pl a n t is e m pl oyed as a

, ,

d ress i ng i n a n i ma l bi t e a nd to pro m ote th e a bsorp t io n of

e x tra v asa t ed bl ood I t cl ai m e d t h a t w or n o u t b oxes m ade
.

o f t h is grass m a y be e m lo ye d i n th e p re para ti o n o f t h e d ec o c

t i o n w i t h w i n e eq u al l y e l l as t h e pla n t i tsel f a nd i t is th ere

,
*

f ore t o be pres um e d t ht ol d s h oes a nd r opes m ad e o f th e

su bs t a nc e w o u l d be f o un si m i l arl y u sef u l for t h is p urpose .

E R I G E R O N K A M SC H A TI C U M
‘
T h is .

i s th e sa me as E r zger a a cr e I t i s a v er y c o m m o n weed of
'

n ort h C h i n a a nd M o n gl i a , b u t stra n ge t o sa y i t i s n ot de
cr ibed i n a ny o f th e h i u ese m ed ic al w ork s co ns ul t ed
s . In
J apa n th e sa m e c h arac t is u sed for C0
b e i ng a “
t u m bl e w ee d bl o w n abo u t by t h e w i
’

b e pres ume d t h a t t h e Gri n ese w o u ld h a v e t h e

t o q ui ck e n th e c i rc ula t i n or g i v e s p ri g
or s o me th i ng o f th a t s or t

E R I O B O T R Y A J A ON I C A ’
.

”
th e loq ua t
“
or Ja p ,

t o be deri v ed fr o m
t o t h a t o f th e C h
'

l oq ua t h o w e v er i s a tm sl i t fi
,
s ,
 V E GE T A 1 0,

u mq u a t
”
of aE ( L n ch u) ,
-w h ic h is a no t h e fo r th e c ,

or gold e n ora n ge J us t h o w t h i s a me t o be a ppl i ed b

.
y
forei gn ers t o t h e fr u i t of t h e E n } is u n certa i n as t h e ,

C hi nese book s d o no t i n d i ca te a rt s uc h use H o w e ve r i t .

,

see ms t h at th is te r m h as ga i n ed c up n c y i n C a l i for n i a w h ere ,

th is fr u i t is n o w e x te n s i vel y gro w n t h e fr u i t l ea v es fl ow ers

.
, , ,

a nd i n n e r b a rk o f t h e tre e a re u s e d i n i e d i c i n e Th e fr u i t i f t o o
.
,

freely eate n i s t h o u g h t t o i nj u re t h e p le e u a n d i f ta k e n w i t h
,
‘

roas t mea t a nd h ot bre ad w i l l p rod uc j a u nd i ce M ed i c i na l l y

.

i t i s e m pl oy ed t o re l ie v e t h i rst a n n a usea a nd to pa l l ia t e
co ugh .T h e m os t i m por ta n t m e d ici a l v i rt u es are asc ri be d to
th e l ea v es I n d ecoct i o n t he a re used to re l ie v e v o mi t
,

i ng a n d c o ug h as w el l a s i n l o c a l a p l i ca ti o n to u lcers n ose
, ,

bleed w i n e n o se c h a p p ed fac e a ll s ma l l pox u lce rs

, , , Th e .

fl owers are u s e d i n c oryz a I f t h e bak is c h e wed a nd t h e j u ic e

.

s w al l o we d i t i s sa id t o re l ie v e na useta nd v o m i ti ng
, .

E RIO CAULO N fi 3 ( Ri c h i ng
. 619 -
S ev .

e ral s pec ies o f t h is ge n u s g o u n d e rt h e sa m e C h i n ese na me .

Th a t me n ti o n ed i n t h e P é u l s a o i s a b u b les o me w eed i n fi eld s ,

s pri n g i n g u p a fte r t h e g rai n h a s be e h arvested a nd s u pposed ,

t o be p rod u ced s po n ta n eo u s ly fr o m t h a u ra o f t h e grai n h ence

”
i ts n a m e ra i esse n ce gr a s s t bears s m al l l ea ves a nd
“
,g n .

t i ny s tar s h a ped fl o w e rs a nd
,
- n ce to th i s last fac t i t
,

rece i ves se ve ra l na m es The .

v ie w to p re v e nt i ng or c
are u sed

a c h es .
1 60 C H I N E S E M AT E RI A M ED I C A .

as an e mol l ie n t a ppl i catio n i n w o un ds I t i s al so recom .

m e n ded as a bla n d re medy i n d iarrh oe a a nd t h e d ys e n ter ies o f

c h i l d re n .

E UCOM MIA U L M O I D E S —7fi: { ill ( T u C h u n g ) 1 3 6 2 .

-
,
.

T h is tree is fo u n d i n H upeh H o n a n S h e ns i a n d S ha nsi a nd , , , ,

h as bee n so i de n ti fi e d by O l i ve r a n d a t K e w I n Japa n i t i s .

E u mzj /mu s j ap ozzzcu s A n o th er n a m e is 7 k ( M u m i e n) w h ic h

'

.
-
,

i s th e sa m e as th a t of th e cot to n t ree B om éa x ma la ba r zczm z

’

, .

T h is n a m e re fers to th e fac t th a t o n brea k i n g t h e bark a nd ,

d raw i n g t h e fract ured edges as u nd er a del icate s i l very si l k y , , ,

fi bre i s see n w h i ch m a y be d ra w n o u t t o t h e l e n gt h o f a l m os t
,

a n i n c h w i th o u t break i n g T h e leaves of th e t ree are eate n

.

w h e n y o u n g a nd th e wood w as for merl y used t o m ak e p at te n s

, .

T h e bar k is t h e part u sed i n m ed i c i n e a nd is m e t w i th i n ,

q u i l led or s h ri v el led pieces o f fo u r to fi ve i n c h es i n l e ng th .

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par t expos i ng t h e dark brow n l i ber

,
T h e flow ers fr u i t a nd .
, ,

w ood are ast ri n ge n t a nd m a y be used i n m ed i c i n e T h e ac ti o n

, .

o f th e bar k i s co n s i d ered t o be to n i c ar t h r i t ic d i ureti c a nd , , ,

d ep urative a nd i s especial l y prescr i bed i n d i ffi c ul ties o f t h e

,

l i ve r k id n eys p u e rp eral d iseases a nd excess ive perspira ti o ns

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.

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,

th o u gh t to pro m ote t h e el i m i na t i o n of p oiso no us efli uv i a a nd t o ,

pre v e n t h e m orr h oids .

E U GE N I A
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C A R Y O P H Y L L A TA .
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,

8 7 5, 1
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E U O N Y M US T H U N B E R G IA N U S — fii 3 3 ( Wei mao) .
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w ood o f th e tree is cal led if?) 5 ( K o u k u )

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d og s bo n e a nd -
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is used o n ly for fuel A ppare n t l y t h e bra n c h es are th e par t

.
 1 68 C H I N E S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

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p u pi l a ca t s eye a n d for t h is reaso n t h e pl a n t is cal led gfi
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fi $2 75 g ( L n ye h -

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a nasarca ) m alar ia a nd as a n a n t h el mi n ti c
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T h e y o ung s h oo t s .

o f t h e pla n t are s o m et i m es eate n as food .

E U P H O R B I A H U M IF U S A — j {lj i s
; ( Ti ch i n) T h is .
-
.

pl a n t h as a large n u m ber o f c o m m o n n a mes re ferr i n g to s u c h ,

t h i n gs as i ts n oct u r n al b loo m i n g h abi t t h e for m o f i ts flo w er , ,

th e u s e to w h ich i t is p u t m ed i ci n al l y a nd th e li ke I t is a , .

v ery c o m mo n creepi n g pla n t fo u nd i n fi e lds a nd garde n s h as a , ,

redd i sh stal k a nd bears a red d ish y el l o w fl o wer

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.

pl a n t i s e m pl oy ed i n m ed ic i ne i ts ch i e f uses bei n g th a t o f a n
a n th e lmi n t i c re med y a n d i n m e n orrh agia d yse n tery corrodi ng
, , ,

u l cers he m at uria a nd h e m orrh ages fro m t h e bowe ls A ll

, , .

sorts of d i sc h ar gi n g w o unds a nd sores see m to be trea te d w i th

it . I t is also u se d t opi c al l y i n de c oct io n for t h e t rea t me n t of
i mpe ti go scabies a nd oth er sk i n d iseases
, ,
.

E U P H O R B I A L A T H Y R I S — fi £5
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-
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th is is E np / zor bza s ze bo l d zm za
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a nd
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a noth er spec i es w h i c h i s
,

g ive n i n t h e P é i zts a o un der t h i s sa m e ti tl e a n d ca l l ed fi F5 35

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ar / m
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Ts ao l j is th e re E p zod i ac a l zt s zr zs
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i s g ve a prod ct cal led f 4 } fi C h ie n ch i n ts a o ) for

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w h i c h th i s ide n ti fi cati o n is s uggested Th e pl a n t is m e n ti o n e d .

i n t h e appe nd i x to th e P é n ts a o w h ere i ts rese m bla n c e to t h e ,

sp u rges is poi n ted o ut T h e flo wers seeds a n d h erbage are .

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al l pres c ribed i n d iarrh oeas T h ere is also a n oth er m e n t i o n ed

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cal l ed fl [575 Fe i y a g i de ti fi ed as E é or é za
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.
-

a co m m o n m o u n ta i n pl a n t grow i n g fro m t wo to t h ree feet h i gh , ,

a nd h as a l a rge lo n g root l ik e t h a t o f t he ra dish so m e t i mes ,

forked w i th a yel l ow is h red S k i n a n d w h i te fles h co n tai n i ng

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-
,

a y el lo w sap T h e ste m a nd l ea ves rese m bl e th ose o f ot h er

.

sp u rges a n d w h e n brok e n th ey d isc harge a w h i te sa p

,
Th e .

flo wers are p u rpl e t h e fr u i t t he s i ze o f a pea , Th e root is .

th e par t u sed i n m ed ic i n e a nd is th o u g h t t o h a v e sl ig h tl y ,
 V EG E T A B L E K I NGDO M . 69

p oiso n o u s proper t i es I t is co n si d ered to be a n t ise p t i c a nd a n t i

.

p u tre fac ti ve a nd is u sed i n decoct io n as a w as h f o r fo u l ul c ers

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ga ngre no us t h roa t a nd s k i n d iseases ,

I t is n o t m uc h used .

i nter na l l y .

E U P H O R B I A P E K I N E NS I S j ¢ $2 ( Ta ch i ) 1 2 1 5 .
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,
.

I n Japa n th i s is E ztp/ zor bza l a s zom u l a I t i s a co m m o n m arsh

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pla n t grow i n g t o th e h e i gh t o f t w o or th ree feet a n d h av i n g

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a h ol l o w ste m T h e ste m w h e n broke n d i sch arges a w h i te

.
, ,

j u ice. T h e p u r pl e pla n t o f H a ngc h o w

53 9 is c o ns i d ered to , ,

be th e bes t for med i ci n al p urposes Th e root i s t h e part u se d .

i n m ed ic i n e i s th o u g h t t o be po i so n o us a n d has a b i tter acri d

, ,

taste ca u si ng a se nsat i o n o f scra tc h i n g i n th e th roat

,
I t is a .

fa vori te re m ed y w i th th e C h i nese for th e Km d isease ,

d rops i es p ers iste n t n a usea a n d v o m i ti n g a nd for d iarrh oeas

, , .

I t is th o u gh t to h ave spe c i fi c a c ti o n o n t h e bo wel s a n d k id n eys ,

a nd to q u i et t h e u ter u s i n p reg na n cy A n u m ber o f pop u l ar .

prescri pt i o ns co n tai n t h i s as th e pri n ci pal i n gred ie n t Th e .

acrid j u i ce sec ured f ro m t h e ste m o f th e pl a n t is sa id to c u re

t ooth ac h e .

E U P H O RB I A S I E B O L D I A N A ( K a n s ui ) 58 4 .
—fi 33 3 ‘
-
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.

T h i s i s a J apa nese ide n ti fi cati o n w h i ch Fabe r fol l o ws H e n ry

,
.

cal led i t w h i c h agai n Faber ad opts Tatar i n o v .

'

c o n sidered i t t o be P a s s e r zn a i n w h i c h h e i s fol l o w ed by ,

Porter S m i th T h is pl a n t is als o a co m m o n w eed fo u n d gro w

.

i ng i n m id C h i na espe c i al l y i n S he ns i a n d K i a ngs u
-
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Th e .

s te m a nd leaves c o n ta i n t h e sa m e k i nd o f m il k y j uice as is
fo u n d i n oth er s p urges T h e root h as a redd i sh sk i n a n d w h i te
.

fl esh . I t is c y l i n dri cal or el i p t ica l i n sh ape a n d s m el ls so m e

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w h a t l i k e gi n ger A s sold o n t h e m arket th e t u bers are

.
,

u s u al l y separated a n d as a r u l e m u c h w or m eate n
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T h e y are -
.

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a nd d ys uri a The d r u g is also a ppl ied to ac h i n g parts to

.

r el ie v e pai n a n d n um b ness a nd is th o u gh t to re l ie v e d ea fness

, .

E U R Y A LE F E RO X — ( C h i e n sh i h )
. 1 25 7 ”
) iTh is ‘ -
,
.

pla n t o f th e ord er o f w a ter l i l i es h as l i k e th e lot us bee n

, , , ,

c u l t i v a t ed t h ro u gh o u t C h i n a fro m re m ote a n ti q u i ty Its fa ri n .

 1
7 0 C HI N E S E MA T E R I A M ED I C A .

a c e o usseed s a re u sed as f ood T h e pop u lar n a m e i s Sifi Ea ( C h i .

t o u ) fro m th e rese m bla n ce o f th e flo wer t o a co c k s h ead A

‘ ’
.
,

n u m ber of si m i lar n a m es h a vi n g re fere n ce to t h e sh ape of th e

,

fl ow er are g i v e n i n th e P é zzts a o Th e w h ol e pl a n t i s covered

,
.

w i th prick l es a nd h as l arge l eaves w i th pro m i n e n t sp i n y

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v ei ns I t i s m u ch c u l ti vated for th e sak e of i ts ste m s rh izo m es

.
, ,

a n d seeds a l l o f w h ic h co n tai n m u c h star c h a n d are u sed a s

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f ood A k i n d o f dry b i s c u i t is ofte n pre pare d fro m th e m eal o f

.

t h e ker n els Th e large pear sh a ped i nde h isce n t fr u i ts are

.
,
-
,

m a n y cel led a n d fi l led w i th t h e ova l seeds w h i c h a re co m pared ,

by th e C h i nese to t h e ey es o f fi s h Th ese seed s a re o f a .

reddi sh c ol or m ottl ed a n d v e i n ed w i th a w h i t i s h m arbl i ng

, ,

a n d are pal e a t th e h il u m T h e i n ter i or i s w h it e h ard a nd

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, ,

starch y a nd h as a ro u gh is h t aste A l l parts of t h e pl a n t a re

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.

u sed i n m ed i c i n e a n d a re co nsidered to be to n i c astr i n ge n t

, , ,

a n d d eobstr u e n t i n t h ei r act i o n T h e y are rec o m m e nded i n .

pol y u ria sper m atorrh oea a nd go n orrh oea

,
Th e bisc u i t are
,
.

f ed t o c h i ld re n s u ff eri n g fro m t h e t a n W EE) d isease .

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'

. S ee r uf z a .

E X I B I A A U R ICU L A J U D E .
— 7k H ( M u -
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th e sa m e as H zmzeol a p oly t mc/
’

is
'

a n d P ez zz a cu rr i cu l a
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za and ,

i s a co m m o n m u sh roo m or l i ch e n gro w i n g u po n trees

,
The ,
.

C h i n ese c h oose th ose w h ich gro w u po n fi v e k i n ds of trees—th e

mu l berry th e S o p h e ra t h e paper m u l b errv th e el m a nd th e
, , , ,

w i ll o w — o f w h i c h th a t grow i n g u po n t h e m u lberry i s c o n sidered

t o be poiso n o u s T h e oth er fo ur are used as food
. Th ei r .

a c ti o n u po n th e sy ste m i s c o ns i d ered to be v er y be n e fi ci al ,

g i v i n g l igh t n ess a nd s t re ng t h to t h e bod y a nd s tre n gth e n i ng

the will Th e y are t h o ugh t to ai d i n t h e c u re o f h e m orrh oids
.

a nd t o preve nt oth er h e m orrh a ges Th e m u l berry ep ip h y tes .

are co n s i dered t o be espec i al l y u se fu l for th is p u rp ose a nd ,

are prescr ibed i n al l sor ts o f h e m orrh ages T h ose gro w i ng .

u po n oth er trees are th o u gh t to h a ve m ed ica l v irt u es so m e

w h a t si m i lar t o th ose o f t h e tree u p o n w h i ch t h ey are fo un d ,

b ut t h ese w i l l be m e n t io n ed u n der t h e a ppropri ate arti cl e i n

each case .
1
72 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

F A LLOPI A N E RVO S A — fi E H
( s ie h pao y e h ) A .
- -
.

pl a n t descr i bed as a tal l sh r u b fo u n d gro wi n g w i l d a t M aca o ,

a nd Ca n to n a nd fu r n i sh i n g a tea lea f is t h us i de n t i fi ed by
, ,

Lo u re i ro a n d B rid ge m a n I t i s n o t fo un d i n th e P é zzts a o
. .

Th e n a m e ffi ll] 355 ( H ou s ha n ch a l w h i ch i s als o gi ve n t o i t

,
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, ,

i s prob a bl y l o c al a n d d oes n o t i nd e n ti fy i t w i th t h e I“ fi t
, .

m l ezf e m
'

S ha C
'

( n a el l zcz o .

F AR F U G I U M K E M P F E RI g ( T o wu) T h is .
E ’ -
.

pl a n t is so i de nt i fi ed i n J a pa n b u t is d escri b ed i n th e P é n ts a o ,

u n der fl zs s zl ag o f a rf a r a
'

a nd i s n o t d i s c r i m i n ated fro m t h is
,

l a tter I ts med i c i na l u ses t herefore w i l l be referre d t o t h e

.
, ,

ar ticle o n T am i /a
g o .

m E RA m —
i

F A TS I A P A P Y R I F 7 k ( T u n g t o m ifiu ) 5 a
’ -
’ -
,

fi m
’
( T u ng 1 40
5 T h e se c o n d n a e g. i v e n a bove is t h e
c o m m o n n a m e of t h e pla n t b u t i t is also t he ter m u n de r w h i c h ,

A/ m
' ’

eebza n t is d es r i bed i n th e P é / t To pre ve n t o n

gzzz a a c z o c .

fus i n g t h ese th i s fac t m us t be bor ne i n m i n d

,
T h is ara l i a .

c io ns pl a nt w h i c h is t h e sa me as A mal i a papy r zf em has bee n

, ,

id e n t i fi ed by S i r W H ooke r as t h e so ur c e o f th e r ice pa per

.

u sed by C h i n ese w o m e n i n t h e m ak i n g o f a rt i fi cia l flo wers .

T h is paper is also used b y C h i n ese artists w h o m ak e bril l ia n t ,

b ut s ome
;

pai n t i n gs u po n i t T h e pl a n t is h erbac eo us
.
,

ti m es h as a tree l i k e appeara n ce -
I t gro ws ple nt i fu l l y i n .

F or m osa a nd h as bee n fo u nd i n H u pe h a nd Szech u a n

,
D iu .

re t i c ,
pectoral gal ac tagog u e a n th el m i n t ic d eobst r u e n t a nd
, , , ,

a n tid otal properties a re at tr i bu te d to t h e p la n t A dec octi o n .

i s u sed fo r w ash i n g sore h eads T h e pol le n fo u n d u po n t h e .

flowers i s co ns i dere d to be a spec ial ly e fli c a c io us appl icati o n t o

i n fecti o u s sores h e m orrh oid s a nd i n co ns um pti o n
,
The
,
.

a nd
51 $ ii (
’
broke n r ice paper cal l ed 5 2 "
,
T ’
u n g ts a o -

t h e r ice paper c u tti n gs cal led 5 3 fi ? (

5
5 T u n,g ts ao s u i ) ,
a re
’ -
’ -

u sed to abso r b d isch ar ges fro m w o u nds .

F E R N S —A l ar ge nu m be r o f d i ff ere n t k i n ds o f fer ns i s
.

fo und i n C h i na b u t th ey h a v e n o t bee n m u c h st ud ied a nd

, ,

o n l y a fe w are m e ntio n ed i n th e P é n ts a o U n der t h e n a m e .

of
E} ( C h ue h ) a n d ( We i ) th e P é n ts a o d isc u sse s t h e m or e
 VEGE T AB L E K I NGDOM . I 73

co mm o n ki nds w h ic h are P l a n s Os m m za a a nd Vi n cetox zcu m

'

’
'

, , , ,

a nd t h ey w il l be fu rt her d is c u ssed u n der th ese t i t les The .

y o u n g sh oots o f so m e k i nd s are eate n a n d a k i n d o f arrow roo t ,

-

i s m ad e fro m t h e rh i z o m es w h i c h a fter proper w ash i n g a nd , ,

cook i n g are also eate n i n sp i te o f th ei r b i tter n ess

, ,
O f c o u rse .

th ese t h i ngs are o n l y u sed as s u bs t i t u tes fo r food i n t i m es

of fa m i n e w h i c h i s a n i n d ex o f th e sad d i st ress of th e co un tr y
,

a t s uc h t i m es D e m u l ce n t d i u re t i c s o p o rifi c a nd v u l n erar y
.
, , ,

proper t i es are ascri bed t o t h ese roots .

F E R N a nd LY C O P O D I U M S P O R E S — ;1fij; { E ( H ai .

c h i n—sh a ) 3 44 fi E
, ( C h u y ue n s u i )
,
’

T h e fe r n w h i c h pro- -
.

d u c es t hese s pores i s fo u n d i n al l o f th e Ya n gtse provi n ces ,

f ro m Sze c h u a n to t h e sea Th e fer n grows i n h i l l y d i str i c ts

.

i n s had y pla c es pre ferabl y a m o n g trees

,
H e nc e t h e seco n d .

”
n a m e above gi ve n ba m boo gard e n c or ia n der T h e prod uc t
“
.
, ,
”
w h ich i s co m m o n l y c al led by th e C h i n ese gold e n sea sa nd “ -
,

is a n exceed i n gl y l i gh t fi n e red d ish bro w n p o wd er w h i c h

, ,
-
,

b u r ns al m os t as read i l y as Ly mfioa zzm z powder I ts m e d i c i n al

’
’
.

a c ti o n i s co n s i d ered to be d i u ret i c a n ti l i t h i c a n d sed a ti ve a n d , , ,

i t i s g ive n i n fe vers dys u ria h e m a t u ria a nd oth e r u ri n ary

, , ,

d isorders . I t is s u ggested th a t i t m i gh t be use d as a s ubs ti t u te

f or l y copod i u m powd er i n p i l l m ak i ng .

F E R UL A —lffij fig ( A we i ) .
[i ( A y ) i
ii Q ( H s
- u n , m -
,

c h ii ) 913 15 J E ( H a h s i u i ) Th e P é zztm o say s th a t th e fi rs t

‘
,
: ‘
- -
.

c h aracter gi ve n above i s th e e q u i val e n t of t h e i n terj e c tio n

“
Oh s u ppose d to be u ttere d over t h i s st i n k i n g gu m resi n .

Th e seco n d n a m e g i ve n i s t h e Pers i a n eq u i vale n t w h i le i n ,

I nd i a i t i s cal l ed it} Q ( H si n g Sa n scr i t H zug u ; a nd

'

a noth er n a me sa i d t o be u sed i n w ester n A s i a is 9{ E ( Ya n g

k ue i ). Th e l ast n a m e gi ve n a t t h e h ead o f t h is art i c le is t h e
M o n gol ia n or T u rk i c eq u i val e n t
,
T he c o u n tr ies o f C e n t ra l
,
.

A sia see m to be t h e so ur c e o f s upp ly b u t i t i s sai d to be fo u n d ,

grow i ng al so i n th e K u n l u n m o u n t a i ns A s is t h e case w i t h .

t h e E uropea n s u ppl y t he dr u g is probabl y d eri ved fro m F er u l a

,

n a r t/zex a n d F e z u m s cor oa os m a as w el l as fro m othe r spe cies

/ ’
.
,

A v ery good d escri ptio n of t h e d r u g a nd i ts p re parati o n are

gi v e n i n t h e P é n ts a o w h er e th e rar i ty of t h e ge nu i ne ar t ic l e
,
1 74 C H I NE S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

i s al so spoke n o f Th ere i s a say i ng to t h e e ff ec t th a t o f

.
“

a s s af wf i a a t here is n o n e ge nu i n e
’
of S k ul lcap ( a co mm o n h erb )
”
t h ere is n o n e sop h isticated G arl i c to ge th er w i th t h e pl a
.
,

ce n t a of a l yi n g i n w o m a n or a dead foe t us is act ual l y boi led

-
, ,

i n w ater a nd e va pora ted to prod uc e a n abo m i nabl e co m po u n d

as a s ubst i t u te for th is st i n ki n g d r u g Th e M o n gol s use as .

s a foet i d a w it h m ea t as a co n d i m e n t Th e d r u g is sa i d t o be .

th e ex u d ati o n fro m bot h a n h er b a n d a tree Th at prepare d by .

po u n d i n g a nd boi l i n g d ow n t h e r oot i s d ee m ed s u per ior to t h e

si m pl e ex ud ati o n o f th e c ut root Th e ye l l ow gra i n ed sa m pl es .

are said to be t h e bes t S ia m ese a nd S um a tra n assafoeti da are

.

said to be c ol l e c ted l i k e g a m bog e wi th w h i c h th ey are perh aps ,

c o n fo u nded Severa l tests for provi n g t h e ge nu i n e n ess o f t h e

.

d r u g are g i ve n i n t h e P é n l s a o ; o ne bei n g t h a t i t sh o u ld l ea v e
a w h i te m ark o n a C opper vesse l a fter bei n g k ept i n i t over
n i gh t D eod orizi n g a n t h el m i n ti c car m i na tiv e cord i al al tera
.
, , , ,

t i ve a n tispas m odi c deobs tr u e n t alexi ph ar m i c a nd a n ti period ic

, , , ,

properti es ar e ascr ibed to i t I t i s sa i d t o assis t i n th e d iges

.

t io n o f every k i nd o f m eat a nd to correc t t h e poiso n of stal e ,

m eats m e a t s of a n i m al s th a t h ave d ied o f d iseas e a n d of ed ibl e

, ,

m u sh roo m s a n d h erbs Possi bl y o n e o f th e as c r i bed v i rt u es

.

w h i ch w o ul d prove m ost use fu l t o ord i n ary h um a n i ty is tha t

o f s u ppressi n g th e d e vi l a nd dri v i n g o u t e v i l Th e P é zzzs a o .
‘

d oes no t say w h e th er th i s is a res u l t of th e od or or o f a n astra l ,

a u ra e m a n a ti n g fro m t h e seco n d ch aracter o f t h e n a m e T h is .

c h ara c ter i s properl y w rit te n i i ( We i ) I t is possi ble t h a t .

g a l bm m m is also so m eti m es co n fo u n ded w i th assa foetid a .

F IC U S C AR IC A 72 t h u a k u o) B
.
ig B fl - -
,

Y i n g j eh k u o) i fi ( Y $61 5 A tsa ng) T h e ‘

(
- -
g r
,
u t a n po ) r
3 ( - -
,
-
.

fi rst tw o n a m es gi ve n above are th e co m m o n na mes o f t h e

ord i nary C h i n ese fi g a n d t h e t h i rd a n d fo u rth na m es are sa id
,

t o be th ose o f th e C a n to n ese a n d Persia n varieties respecti vel y .

T h e C h i n ese fi g th e n at u ra l h a bi ta t o f w h ic h is probabl y th e
,

Y a ngt se val ley is a s m al l i rreg u lar sh r u b beari n g a fr u i t very

, , ,

muc h s ma l ler a nd i n feri or i n q u al i ty to th e Persia n va ri e t v

‘

I n th e ar t i cle o n t h is s u bj ect i n t h e P é n ts a o t h ree ot h er fi g ,

l i ke pla n ts are sp oke n o f O ne t h e i t j ’é ( Wen k ua n g

.
,
-

k uo) Fab e r i d e nt i fies as Xa zzt/ zocem s

'

A no th er ,
'

sor bz ol za
, f .
I 76 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

for w h i c h p u rpose t h ey are m i xed wi th sal t th oro ug h l y d ried ,

a n d powd ered a nd a ppl ied to th e decayed or ac h i n g tooth

,
.

T h ey are c o n s id ered to be a so v ere i g n re m ed y .

F IC U S ST I P UL A T A 5 ( A i yu tz ii ) 9 .Th e - -
,
.

s a del i c ate c l i m b i n g pla n t o f For m osa a n d t h e so u th

fi ( A i ) i
easter n prov i n ces w h i c h bears a fi g l i k e fr u i t
,
T h e pl a n t is -
.

n ot m e n tio n ed i n th e P é u zs a o n or i n a n y oth er m ed i c al wor k

‘
,

exa m i n ed K a n gh s i s D i c t i o n ary m e n ti o n s i t b u t i s very

’
.
,

i nde fi n i te i n i ts d es c ri pt i o n Tha t m e n t i o n ed i n th e C usto m s

.

l ists ca m e fro m For m osa a nd was ex ported to Java Porter .

S m i th desc r i bes th e ex ported art i c l e as h ard d ri ed w ood y , , ,

i m m at u re tastel ess fr u i ts ge n era l ly atta c h ed to th ei r stal ks

, , ,

or so m e ti mes se parated a n d c u t i n to t w o sh o wi n g th e ch arac

, ,

t e r i s t i c fru c t i fi c a ti o n o f t h e ge n u s Th e fr u i ts a re also cal led .

fig a fig (
E M a n t o u lo ; a nd 7 k {3
-
5 R:
‘
3 E ( M u-
m a n To w h a t -

us e t hey are p u t d oes n o t appear b u t i t h as bee n s u ggested th a t ,

t h ey m a y be e m pl oy ed i n d ecoc ti o n as a fo m e n tatio n for pa i n f u l

pil es a nd u l cers .

E CE N I C U L U M V U L G AR E g ( Sh i h l o ) g? 53
“
-
.
, 2

( Tz ii m o l o ) 1 T E fi ( H s iao h u i h s i a n g )
“
- - ‘

,
\
43 8 Th e fi rst of - -
,
.

t h e n a m es is fro m t h e Persi a n z i l a or z i r a The seco nd i s also ,

.

of forei gn orig i n b u t fro m w h at la n g u age is no t k now n

, The .

t h ird re fers t o t h e ori gi n of th e d r ug fro m a M oha m med a n

co u n t ry T h e stal ks a nd lea ves o f t h e pl a n t a re ea te n i n
.

C h i n a a nd th e seeds are i n freq u e n t de ma n d as a co n d i m e n t

, .

T h e f e n ne l is so m e ti m es co n fo u n d ed w i th s ta r a u i s e T h e -
.

fr u i ts c o m m o n l y cal led seeds are grey is h bro w n sl igh t l y

, ,
-
,

c u rved beak ed w i th fi v e pro m i ne n t r i dges a nd h ave th e

, , ,

ch aracter i sti c aro m a o f t h e fe n n el T h e sh oots o f th e y o u n g .

pl a n t are co nsid ered t o be car m i n ati ve a nd respi ratory Th e .

f r u i ts are prescri bed i n fl u xes d yspepsia col i c a n d oth er abdo m , , ,

i n al d isorders of c h ildre n M ad e i n t o 9 Sp i r i t of F e zzc . i t is .

,

u sed local l y for ba c kach e a n d tooth a c h e Th e l eaves a n d ste m s .

ma y be si m il arl y e m pl oyed A n u m ber o f oth er fe n n el l i k e .

-

pl a n ts are m e n t i o ned i n t h e P é /zzs a o u n der th i s art i cl e S o me ‘

.

o f th ese a re u sed for food i n th ei r n a t u ra l h abi tat a n d t h e m e ,

d i c i na l v ir t u es o f al l are regarded as si m il ar to t h ose o f fe n n el .

 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDOM . 1 77

F O R S Y TH I A S U S P E N S A —i§ $2;1 ( Lie n .

1 7 9 1 .

Th is i s spoke n l ass ic s a s fig ( Lie n) a nd g

of in th e c

( I I n th e E rh y a g
5
? ( H a n l i e n t z u ) is g i v e n - -

as a sy n o n y m b ut th is i s also g i ve n i n t he P é u ts a o as a
,

sy n o n y m fo r 55 B E; ( Li
}
w h i c h i s E cl ip za a l ba 5 3 fl ‘
. ;

( H a n l i e n t s ao ) i s m e n t i o n ed i n t h e C usto m s l ists b ut
-
‘
-

5m a l ba o r Wed el za ca l e u a u l a cea
'

’
th is proba bl y re fers to E d i/ .
‘

S tra n ge to sa y B ra u n i n t h e H a n k o w l is t ide nt i fi es t h is
, , ,

l a tter w i th d ried l i l i es I n th i s h e h as probab ly bee n m isle d

.

by th e fi rs t tw o ch arac ters A n ot h er n a m e g i ve n i n t h e
.

P é i u s a o for t h e F or sy l /
‘
zi a i s BE T fi ( L a n h u a ) w h ic h i s -
,

properl y a n a m e a ppl ied to se ve ra l orch i daceo us pla nt s .

T h e P c i l u also g ives 5 Jfi ( S a n l ie n ) a nd t h e roo t i s cal le d -

,

5g $3 ( Lie y ao ) d i j
’
fit ( C h k é ) T h i s sh r bby pl a n t
‘

n -
a n u n u -
.

grows i n m arsh y places T h ere i s also said to be a s m al le r

.

v arie ty w h i c h gro ws o n h i gh m o u n ta i ns T h e fr u i t is a cap .

s u l e a n d i t is th e val ves o f th is w h ic h ap pear i n co m merce

, .

T h ese are l i ttl e boat sh aped brow n bod i es a h al f t o th ree

,
-
, ,

fo urths o f a n i n c h i n l e n g t h w i th a th i n lo n gi t ud i n al par t i ,

ti o n T h ey origi nall y c o n tai ne d a fe w dark pe nd ulo u s seeds

.
, ,

w h i c h ha v e a n a ro m atic taste T h e seeds a re n ot m e n t io n e d .

i n th e C li i n es e m e d i c a l books T h e val v es are re p u t ed to be

'

a n ti ph l ogist i c a n t isc ro fu l o u s l ax a tiv e d i ure ti c a nd e mm e n

, , , ,

a gog u e . T h ey are prescri bed also for d ea fness a nd as an ,

a nt hel m i n ti c i n p i n w or ms T h e s tal ks a nd leaves are th o ug ht

- .

t o be a n ti febri l e w i t h spec ial acti o n o n t h e l un gs a nd h ear t

, .

The y are used i n po u lti ce as a n appl icati o n to u lcera t ed

gl a nds a nd pi les T h e root is regarded as sl igh tl y poiso no us
. .

B esides i ts a n ti febri l e ac t i o n i ts u s e is th o ugh t t o h av e a n ,

ex c eed i n gl y be n e fi ci al i nfl ue n ce o n th e C irc u l a ti o n i m pro v i ng ,

th e appeara n ce o f t h e bod y a n d g ivi n g l i fe a nd force ,

It is .

al so pres c ri bed i n c olds a n d j a u n d ice A decoc t i o n o f t h e roo t .

is used for wash i ng c a n c ero u s sores .

F R A G AR I A I N D E A —i? fl ( S h e m e i) wE ( Ti mei ) -
,
-
.

B oth n a m es refer t o t h e creep i n g h abi t o f t h e pla n t I t is .

q u i te c o mm o n i n n egl ected gard e n s a n d al o n g th e roadsides .

I t bears yel lo w fl owers a n d a b r i gh t red fr u i t a nd th e l ea ves , ,

t ogethe r w i t h t h e root , are u sed i n m ed i ci ne T h e fr u i t is .

 1 78 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

a lso t h o u gh t t o be sl i gh t ly po i so n o us a n d th e j u ice i s tak e n i n ,

f e v ers a n d to co u nteract arro w po i so n a nd s nake b i te It is .

c o nsidered t o be a n t isepti c , a nd is t h ere fore a ppl ied to aph t h o us

s ore m o u th a n d f e v er sores .

F R AGA R I A W A LLI C H I I — i{l3 $5 $5 ( Ti y a ng m ei ).

- -
.

T h is pla n t grows n or th o f th e Ya ngtse i n m ois t sh ad y p laces , ,

a n d i n t h e fo urth a n d fi fth m o n th s th ere i s fr u i t N oth i ng .

f arth er is sai d i n regard t o i t i n th e P é u t s a o T he ste m o f t h e .

p la n t is u sed i n d yse n t ery a nd c h ro n i c d i arrh oea .

F RA X I N U S P U B I N E R V U S [3 ( C h i n 1
72 .
’
.

T h e fi rst C h arac t er is p roperl y w ri tte n $2; ( C h i n) A n o th er ,

n a me i s g ( K u l i ) b u t t h is n a m e is ap pl ied i n t h e Pek i ng
"
’ -
,

m o u n t ai ns t o F r a xi n u s bu ng ea n a w h i ch is o n e o f t h e p la n ts
,

u po n w h ic h t h e wa x i n sec t l i v es T h e C/ z iu
’
p i is a t re e w i t h
.
’ -

a gree n bar k I t i s not d ist i ngu is h ed by t h e C h i nese f ro m

.

s o me v arieties o f Q u er cu s T h e bark w he n steeped i n wa t er ,

.
,

is sa id t o prod u ce a bl u ish i n del i ble i n k T h e co m m o n n a m e .

o f th e w ood i s [53 ( P a i hs il u m u ) Th e bark i s t h e

- -
.

par t u sed i n m ed ici n e a n d i ts v i r t u es see m i n t h e m ai n t o be

,

t h ose of a n as t ri nge nt I t i s p res c r i b ed i n ca tarrh al fever

.
,

i n fla me d eyes fl u xes a n d i n decoc t i o n t o was h s na k e a n d

, ,

i nsec t bites I t is also re garded as t o n i c t o th e ge n i t o ur i nary

.
-

sys t e m .

F R ITILL A R I A RO Y L E I : —E E ( Pe i
mu ) , 9 9 3 T h is - .

l i l iaceo u s pla n t gro ws i n d i ff ere n t p arts o f C h i n a I t is c u l t i .

v a ted i n C h ek i a n g a n d exported fro m N i n gp o I t is also m uc h .

c u l t i v a t ed i n Szec h u a n a n d t h is variety is re garded as m u c h

,

s uperior t o a ny o t h er T h e R epor t s o f Trade fo r 1 8 6 9 a nd 1 8 80

.

g i ve i nt eresti n g n o t i ces o f t h i s dr u g T h e H a n k ow repor t s for

.

1 8 7 9 also speak o f t h e Szech u a n d r u g Fath er D av id me n tio ns .

th e P ei ma as grow i n g i n t h e h igh m o un tai ns o f T h ibet h av i n g

-
,

y el l ow fl owers a nd th e cor ms be i ng used i n m ed i ci n e

,
That .

row i ng i n C h ek i a n g h as gray is h w h i te fl ow ers A ccord

-
i ng t o
g .

H e n ry t h e n a m e P ei m a i s appl i ed i n H u peh t o a n orch i d

,
-
,

w h ic h is no t t h e sa m e as t h e Sze c h u a n dr u g Porter S m i t h s ’
.

ide nt i fi cati o ns o f t h is d r ug are al l wro ng u nl ess t h a t o f Uuu ,

1 8o C H I N E S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

t ies are n ot grow n i n C hi n a w h i c h fac ts l ead t h e C h i nese to th e

,

sa m e res u l t S ee E p ip /
i i cs
.
y D o
’
u a r obi u ui E x i a ia
,
L or a u tlzu s ,
’
, ,

M u s h r ooms , P a c/
z ma
y cocos , a nd Vi s cu m .

895 ( Y i t t sa n)
FU N K I A S U B C OR D A T A 8 Q a
.
s llll -
,

( Pai h ao -
h sie n-
) T h i s i s
. a c o m m o n c u l t i va ted pla n t o f t he

C h i nese garde ns growi n g t o th e h e igh t o f a foot o r s o h av i n g

, ,

lar ge ro u n d l eaves w h ich are d ar k o n t h e u nder s i de

, ,
Th e .

s te m of th e p la n t i s brac ted a n d th e fl owe rs gr o w i n t h e axi ls

,

of t h e bra c t s T h e y are w h i te a nd pear l y g i v i n g or i gi n to

.
,

t h e C h i n ese n a m e Th e ro o t a n d lea ves are u sed i n m ed i c i n e ;

.

bot h bei n g regarded as po i so n o us T he ex pres s ed j u ice o f th e

.

root i s co nsidered t o be a c o u n t er p o iso n to i n fect io u s abscesses

and ca ncero u s s ores I t i s pres c ri bed i n t h e earl y stages o f
.

ca n cer o f th e breast abor ti o n to o ver c o m e ca n t h ar idal p o i s o n

, ,

i n g a nd a s a n a nody n e i n fi sh bo n e l od ged i n t h e t h roat

, ,

f rac t u res a nd t h e ext ra c t i o n o f tee th

,
Th e br u ised leaves are .

appl ied i n i nsec t b i tes a nd a spi r i t i s tak e n or a p pl ie d i n car

,

d ia c pai n T he flow ers are n o w d isti ll ed a nd a perfum ery m ad e

. ,

w h i c h i s u sed i n c os m et i cs T h ey are also pres c r i bed i n s u p

.

pressi o n of u ri n e or d ys uria as w el l as be i ng added to p resc ri p

,

t io ns for th e tr ea t m e nt o f sk i n d i sease s a nd w o unds .

 VEGE T A B L E K I N GDOM . 1 81

GA L A N GA —See . A lp i n i a fi
o ci u a r u m .

GA L B A N U M —I t i s e n t i rel y probabl e t h a t t h is d r u g i s
.

i m por te d i n to C h i n a as i t co m es fro m a reg i o n w h i c h s u ppl ies

,

m a n y s u c h prod u cts to th e C h i ne s e m arke ts B ut u n der w h at .

n a me i t ma y co m e h as n o t y et bee n ascer tai n ed I t i s poss ibl e .

t h at i n so m e cases i t m a y be c o n fo u n ded w i th assa foet ida .

GA LI U M A P A R I N E — Zg 757k EQ ( C h u y a n g ya ng) T h is
.
- -
.

cl ea v er s is t h u s id e n t i fi ed by Fabe r b u t i t i s n o t fo u n d i n t h e ,

P éi u s a o T h e [ ( u a ng c/ zuu
zf m
‘

places i t a o g gree ege

'
‘
au
g p u n n
-
. y -

t abl es b ut n oth i n g is sa id i n regard to i t excep t t ha t p i gs are

,

v er y fo n d of i t a n d th a t i t is u sed a s a v ege tabl e i n t h e spri n g

, .

G A LL A 5; .
”
{52 Z } ? ( M u Sh i h
( Wu sh i h - -
t z ii ) , 5 -

t z ii ) , 8 7 4 , 5
; E i
f M
t o s h i h tz ti ) , g $3 4; ( M o t u tsé )
-
’
The
- - -
.

m os t o f th e n a m es above gi ve n are at te mpts to reprod u c e t h e

Persia n n a m e M a z u E ff orts t o ex pl ai n th e C h i n ese n a mes i n
.

a n y other way are scar c el y warra n ted

,
h o we ver pla us i bl e so m e
o f t hese expl a n at i o ns m a y see m T h e descr i pt io n o f th e tre e .

g i v e n i n t h e P ozzi s a o i s very va g ue , a n d th e C h i n ese see m to be

‘

i g n ora n t o f th e ori g i n o f t h ese gal ls w h i c h t hey s uppose to be ,

a fr ui t o f t h e t ree al ter n at i n g w i th t h e proper fr u i t Th ose .

c o m i n g fro m Persia a nd A ra bia h a ve l o n g bee n prized i n

C h i na T h ese gal ls are n ot esse nt i al l y d i ff ere nt f ro m t h ose
.

f o u n d i n t h e E uropea n m ark et s as t h ey practica ll y co m e fro m ,

th e sa me pl ace T h e C h i n ese book s d i rec t th a t t h egal ls sh al l

.

be p ierced a nd dried i n a sa n d ba th u n t i l th e y ass um e a

,

brow n ish black col or w h e n t h ey are read y for u se i n m ed i c i ne

-
,
.

T h ei r u se i n m ak i n g i nk see m s to h av e bee n for m erl y k n ow n

i n C h i n a as also th eir u se as a h ai r dy e
,
T h ey are pow dered .

a n d give n i n d yse n tery c h ro n ic d i arrh oea n oct u r n al swe ati n g

, , ,

se m i n al e m issio ns t ooth ach e a nd t he t a u GEE) disease i n

, ,

C h ildre n They are appl ie d to sores a n d s k i n a ff e c ti o ns as a

.

st i m u la n t a nd as tri n ge n t G alls h a v e bee n s uccess fu l l y e m

.

pl oyed i n so me par t s of I nd ia i n v ery m i ld a nd c hro n ic for ms o f

 1 82 C H I N E S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

i n ter m i tte n t fever M oder n C h i nese see m t o u nders t a nd th e

.

a n t i per i od i c e ff ec t o f t h i s d r u g a l th o u gh t h e C i n c h o n a sal ts ,

h ave s u perseded al l oth er for m s of treat m e n t for m a laria l fe vers .

G A LL A S I N E N S I S — EE fg ( W u pe i tz ii ) 1 46 6
.
.
- -
, .

T h ese a re t h e gal ls th a t are prod u c ed u po n t h e l eaves o r lea f

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color t h e th i n w al l s s o m e w h a t t ra nsl uc e n t a n d th e i n teri or

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are coll ected fo r t h e m ost pa r t i n M a n c h u r ia a nd t h e provi n ce

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.

k i n d of i m per ial el e c t uar y w h ic h is v ery h igh l y ra ted a n d o n l y ,

obtai n abl e as a gi ft fro m t h e t hr o n e T h e C h i nese use th e m .

m ed i c i n al ly as a n e xpe c tora n t astri n ge n t a n d c orrect i v e , ,

re m edy a nd t h ey are a p p li ed t o pi ca l ly t o c h a n cres s w el li n gs

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1 84 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

sh ops Th e peri c arp is fragi le a n d h or n y m arked i n t er nal l y

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by t wo n arro w p roj e c t i n g rece ptac l es

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i n l e n gt h T h ese are th e berries w h ic h are m ore freq u e n tl y

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S p e a ks o f th e H
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fro m Sze c h u a n A l l o f these fr u i ts are u sed for d yei n g p u r

.

p oses prod uci n g a bea u t i fu l y el lo w col or b ut th ere is so m e

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d i ff ere n ce i n t he v al u e of t h e d i ffe re n t fr u i ts fo r th is p urpose ;

t h e S zech u a n var i ety prod u c i n g a red d is h y el lo w or ora n ge c ol or .

T h e flowers o f th e pla n t are very fra gra n t a n d are u sed for ,

fla vor i n g te a a nd i n cos m e ti c preparat i o ns I n th e seaso n w h e n .

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l arger fr u i ts a re m ore partic u l arl y u sed ex ter n al l y ; t h e p u l p

bei n g appl i ed to s wel l i ngs a n d to i nj uries a n d to s u ch d iffi ,

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 VEGE T AB L E K I N GDO M . 1 85

ro v i ces Pa o P z ri says th at th e pla n t m oves e ve n w h e n

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p n . o t -

t h e air is sti l l ; w h i l e T ao H u n g c h i n g goes o n e be tter a n d

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says th at i t i s n o t m oved by t h e w i nd a n d m oves o n ly i n sti l l ,

ai r ! T h e ce n tral root i s lar ge a nd i t i s said to al ways h av e ,

t w el ve s m al ler t u bers of th e s i ze of a h e n s egg o n th e side

’
.

T hese t u bers are m u c h u sed fo r food bot h ra w a n d stea med , .

T h e best s ort c o mes fro m Sh a n t u n g I t i s w orth y o f n ote th a t .

a n A ustral i a n s p ec i es o f t h is pl a n t G a s tr oa i a s es a m oi a es h as
’
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a r oot w h i c h i s fu l l of star c h a nd wh ic h i s u sed as f ood by ,

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.

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a nd v i ri l i ty t o t h e bod y i m prov i n g t h e c i rc u lat i o n a nd s t re n g t h

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.
,

y el l ow a nd ri pe as t h e l eaves beg i n to sh ri vel u p a nd fa l l o ff .

I t c o n t ai n s seeds t h e k er n els o f w h ic h are starc h y

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G E L S E M I U M E LE GA N S M y ( K o u wé n) T h is .
-
.

i d e n ti fi cati o n i s n o t q u i te certai n Faber uses th is sa m e C h i .

n ese n a m e also f o r R /
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zu s i ox i co a e n a r o n B u t i n a n articl e o n .

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.

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w h ich are n a m es fo u n d i n th e P en zs a o as sy n o n y m s o f K a n w en
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I n Japa n i t is R nu s tox i coa e n a r o n b u t 33 fi fi 35

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a l so assig n ed t o C r oo m i a
j p
a o n i ca Th e e x tre m el y poiso n o us .

c h aracter of t h is pla n t i s we l l recog n i z ed by th e C h i n ese a n d ,

o n e of t h e n a m es g i ve n t o i t i s i f iffi (T u ken) poi s o n root ” .

- “
.
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L i S h i h C h e n say s
-
W he n people h appe n by m istake t o ea t
“
 86 C H I N ES E M AT E R I A M ED IC A
'

1 .

t h e l eave s m ixed w i th ve ge tables th ey d ie i n th e co urs e of ,

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ts ao ) a n d ifi l}% E ( L a n c h a ng
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be c a use w h e n i t co m es
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i n c o n t ac t w i th th e bowels of m a n or beast t hey bec o m e blac k ,

a nd
ga n gre n o u s i n a sh ort t i m e T h e y o un ger le a v es i n .

spri n g a nd s umme r are especi al ly d a n gero us T he old lea v e s .

i n a u t u m n are l ess i nj urio us T h e co u n t er p oiso n rec o m me nd

.
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ed by th e P en ts a o is th e blood o f a w h i te goose or d uck .

M ed ic i n al l y t h e roo t i s u sed a nd i t i s reco mme nd ed for ,

w o u n ds c ak ed breast persp i r i ng fee t a n d s k i n e r u p tio n s

, , In ,
.

th ese cases i t is pres u m ed t h a t i t i s u sed loc al l y I t is als o .

sai d t o be u se fu l i n co u gh s a n d p o iso n o us e fil u v ia as wel l as ,

i n d i ffi c u l t i es o f t he voca l orga n s H o w i t is ad m i n istered i n .

t hese cas es i s no t m e n tio n ed T h e s u bsta n ce is also u sed for.

k i l l i n g birds a nd ot h er a n i m al s S o exceed i n gl y fearfu l a re .

th e C h i n ese of i ts po i so n o u s proper ti es th at ful l d i rec tio ns a re ,

g i ve n fo r c o u n terac ti n g i ts e ff e c ts I t w o u ld see m th at f u l le r .

d irec ti o ns as t o i ts ad m i n istr at i o n a nd dosage w o uld h a v e bee n

eq ual l y ad v a nta geo us .

G E N TI A N A SC AB RA a n)
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a
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Li g is a oth er n a me T h e fi rst C h i n ese n a m e i s use d
( n y u )- n .

for m ore t h a n o n e spec ies o f Ge n zi a n I n dee d t h e I n de x ‘

.

F lor ae S i n e nsis e n u m erates fi ft y seve n s p e c ies o f th is ge n us -

,

m a n y of w h ic h are cal le d by th is o n e n a m e M orr iso n i n .

,

h is d ictio n ary appl ies th is na m e also t o D i cta mn u s a l ou s a nd

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ac c ordi n g t o Porter S m i th th is s u bsta n ce h as bee n fo u nd i n

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t h e m arkets u n der th i s C h i nese n a m e T h e pla n t i s c o m m o n .

i n m i d C h i n a gro w i n g i n m o u n tai n val leys

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,

m ore of a br o w n c ol or th a n t h e E u ro pea n ge n ti a n ro o t Th e .

tas te is agreeabl y b i tter I t is presc r i bed i n feve rs rh e uma t

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.
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I t is .

u sed l ocal ly i n sk i n d iseases a nd u lcers a n d i n a ffe cti o ns o f th e ,

 1 88 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

G L E D I TS C H I A C H I N E N S IS — j § fl ( Tsao c h i a ) 5, fl
”

-
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( Tsao c h i o ) 1 3 3 1
-
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,
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o u t C h i n a a nd C o c h i n C h i n a I t bears a p od w h i c h i n so m e .

spe c i m e n s atta i n s t o a le n gt h o f fu ll y t wo fee t T h i s i s th i n a nd .

k n i fe l ik e i n a ppeara n c e a nd c o n ta i n s m a n y fl at bro w n seeds

-
, , ,

w h i c h a re u sed i n bath i n g a n d i n w ash i n g cl oth es Th e t ree i s .

t h i ckl y beset w i th t h or n s w h i c h are ca l led 35 T ( T i e n ti n g ),

‘ -
.

A t th e prope r t i m e f o r the seed s to drop t h e peopl e s u rro u nd th e ,

t ree w it h ba m boo bas kets a n d al l o f t h e seed s are said to f al l ,

f ro m th e tree i n o n e n i gh t L i S h i h c he n says th a t so m e ti m es
.
-

w h e n a tre e d oes n o t prod u c e fr u i t t h e people bore a h ole i n ,

th e tr u n k fi ll i t w i th fro m th ree to fi v e po u nds o f cas t i ro n a n d

, ,

c over th e o pe n i n g w i th m u d Th e n i t w i l l bear fr u i t A t Pek i n g . .

,

t h i s bea u t i fu l tree i s c al led by t h e seco n d n a m e g i ve n a bove .

I t bears s m al l g ree n i sh yel lo w sce n ted fl o wers a n d i s m uc h

,
-
, ,

prized as a la w n tree The m ed ic al u ses to w h i c h the C h i n ese

.

p ut t h e d i ff ere n t par ts of t h e tree are very n u m ero u s T he p ods .

a re c o n si dered to be expe c tora n t e m e ti c a nd p u rgati ve The y , ,

.

a re pres c ri bed i n c o u ghs flat u le n c e c h ro n i c d yse n tery a nd , , ,

prolapse of t h e rect u m T h e seeds a nd pods are used i n th e .

f or m o f a bol us as a n a n tidote i n c ase o f m e ta l i c po i so n i ng Th e .

coarse powd er is bl o w n i n to th e n ostr i ls o r p u t i n to th e re c t u m , ,

of t h e v i c ti m s of a c c id e n tal dro w n i n g a nd h a ng i n g I t i s sa i d t o .

e x tra c t th e water a nd to O pe n t h e passages o f the bod y V ario u s .

o th er d i ffi c u l ties re m arka bl e i n t hei r c h aracter are tre ated w i t h

, ,

th ese seeds s uc h as d i ffi c u l t labor d r i bbli n g sal iva i n c h i ldre n

, , ,

d ecay ed teeth c hro n i c c o n s u m pt i o n a nd ca ncer o f th e re c t u m

, ,
.

Th e th or n s are u sed as a n a n t h el m i n ti c i n d ecoct i o n as a w as h to ,

u l cers sk i n d iseases c ak ed breast a n d reta i n ed pla c e n t ae

, ,
The y ,
.

a re also u sed as n eedl es i n ope n i n g abs c esses a n d as co u n ter ,

i rri ta n ts i n t u m ors a n d gro w t h s Th e bark o f both th e s te m a nd .

t h e root i s u sed as a n a n t h el m i n ti c a n d a n t i fe br i le re m ed y The .

l eav es a re used i n d e c o c t i o n fo r w ash i n g sores A n o t h er spec ies .

"
or var i ety of th is pl a n t cal led 5 a a i s ( K u e i tsao c h i a ) i s m e n -
-
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t i o ne d .I t i s u sed for th e t reat m e n t o f u l cers a nd sk i n d i seas es .

J A P ON I C A —l% 2: E i s ( C h u ya tsao
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c h i a ) fl fit ( Y a
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a species o f G l ed zts c/
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 VEGE T AB L E K I NGDO M . 1 89

/ so m e respec ts I n t h e P é f zzs a o S u k u n g says

' '

in
'

clzzaz c zzn en s zs
‘
.
,

i n regar d to i t : I t i s a n i n fer i or sort T h e pod i s c rook ed

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.
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t h i n u n co m el y a n d n o t s u cc ule n t
,
W h e n u sed for wash i ng
,
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i t d oes n o t re m ove t h e d irt Th e pods w h i c h are t w o fee t .

,

l o ng are coarse a n d d ry
,
T h e bes t are th ose w h i c h are o n l y .

”
f ro m si x to se v e n i n c h es l o n g H a n b u ry rece i ve d so m e o f .

t h ese pods a nd h e descri bed t h e m as fol lo ws :

,
T h ey are “

f ro m t wo to fo ur i n c h es l o n g a n d fro m to of a n i n c h ,

broad m ore or less s ic kl e shaped a nd c o m p ressed th e i r u p per

,
-
,

edge prol o n ged i n to a n arro w w i n g T h e a n ter i or e x tre m it y .

i s po i n ted t h e p osteri or at te n u ated i n to a sh ort stal k

,
The .

p ods are i n deh i sce n t a n d h a ve t h i ck p u l py va lves w h ic h are , , ,

ex tre me l y s m ooth a nd o f a deep bro w n T h e s u bs ta n ce o f t h e .

pod w h e n ch e w ed e ve n i n very s m al l q u a n t i ty p rod u c es a n

, , ,

ex tre m el y d i sagreea ble se nse o f acrid i ty i n t h e fa u c es ”

He .

s uggests P r omp ts as a n ide n ti fi c at io n T h e m ed i c al uses o f .

t h ese pods are n o t d i s t i n gu is h e d fro m th ose o f G l ed zts cfzza

' ’
'

'

ci nn en s i s al t h o ug h th e y are regarded as i n fe r i or to t h e latter

, .

G LY C I N E H I S P I D I A 7e 3 ( Ta to u) 33 iii a nd fi .
-
’
o
, , ,

( S h ) 3
;
7 13 (J é h $5
? 5? ( j n g sh u )
jg} fé ( S h i h t o n )
‘
u 5i ,
n s u ) 3 u -
,
-
,
-
,

fi ( H e i t ou
) fi if ( H u a n-
g t o n ) ,
Th is is t h e sa m e as S of a -
.

lzzsp zd za a n d D a l i a/6 0 5 s o fa a n d is th e C h i nese a n d j apa n ese

' ' ’

s oy bea n I t h as bee n k n o wn i n C h i na fro m a n ci e n t t i m es

.
,

a nd h as al way s bee n co n sidered by th e C h i n ese as t h e m os t

i m porta n t o f t h e c u l ti vated leg u m i no u s p la n ts A v e ry l arge .

n u m ber o f v arieties is fo u n d t h ro ug h o u t t h e E m pire especi al l y ,

”
i n th e n orth Th e n a me great bea n appl i es to th e pl a n t
.
,

n o t to t h e seeds as these are q u i te s m al l ,

I t i s e m pl oy ed i n .

C h i n a a nd J apa n i n th e preparat i o n o f t h ree prod u c ts w h i c h

a re o f al m ost u n i v ersal u s e i n or i e n ta l cookery T h ese are .

” ” ”
bea n o il bea n c u rd ,
a nd soy Th ere are m a n y v arie
-
,
“
.

t i es o f t h i s bea n w h ic h t h e C h i nese d ist i n g ui sh b y th e col o r

,

o f th e seeds ; t hese bei n g bl ack w h i te y el l o w g ray az ure a nd , , , , ,

s p otted T h e bl ack sor t is u se d i n m ed i c i n e a n d th e yel l o w

.
,

i s special l y v a l u ed i n t h e preparatio n o f bea n c u rd a nd soy -

.

T h e bl ack k i n d is n ot m uc h used as food as i t i s th o ugh t to ,

r e n de r t h e bod y h e a v y T he C h i n ese regard t h ose t h i n gs .

w h ic h g i v e l i gh t n ess to t he bod y w i t h m ore fa v or th a n t h ose

1 90 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

wh i c h pro m o t e flesh a nd sl u ggish n ess The c h arac t ers 3 35 35 .

, ,

or £i ( S h u ) are th e c lass i ca l n a m e w h i le $5 362 ( J é n s h u ) a nd ,

-

a re e q u al l y a n c ie n t c o m po u n d n a m es for th i s
if 5 52 (j u n g s h u ) -

pl a n t Eli if ( S h i h to n ) be a n rel is h be a n i n d i ca t es i ts “
"

- -
.
. , ,

u s e i n m ak i n g the bea n re l i sh a n d soy .

M ed i c i n al l y t h e bl a c k bea ns are co n sidered t o h ave muc h

,

v al u e . Th e i r f req u e n t u se is th o u gh t to h a v e a m os t be ne fi cia l
e ff e c t u po n t h e bod y g i vi n g s tre n gt h a nd v i gor al be i t w i t h
, ,

h eavi n ess Th i s la tte r fac t i s t h e o n l y o bj ec t io n off er e d to t h e

.

u s e of th ese bea n s Th ey are regarded as a n ad m i rable co u nt e r

.

po i so n aga i n s t m ost o f th e vege ta ble po i so ns s uc h a s A con i te ,

C r own i zlgl zz C ar m i n at ive a nd q u ie ti ng pro per t ie s are

' ’

a nd .

also asc r i bed to t he m T he y a re p es c ri be d i n a l arge nu m be r .

o f d i ffi c u l ties n otabl y post part u m a n d sex u al disorders

; b ut
-
,

as th ey are a l w ays i n co m bi n a t i o n w it h oth er ac ti ve dr u gs i t ,

m a y be read i ly s u p posed th a t th e bea ns pl ay n o v er y i m porta n t

p ar t i n th ese prescri ptio ns T h e gree n bea n h u lls 1 3 1 7 .
, ,

c h e wed i n to a p ul p are appl i ed t o s m all pox u l c ers cor n ea l

, ,

u l c er a n d th e excoria ti o n prod u ced i n ch ildre n by u ri n e

, The .

br u ised lea v es o f th e pl a n t are used as a l ocal ap pl icatio n i n

s n ake bi te Th e fl owers 1 3 1 0 are u se d i n bl i nd ness a nd
.
, ,

opac i ty of t h e cor n ea .

Th e bea m sp r ou ts cal le d j q 35 33 55 ( Ta t ou h u a ng c h u e n)
"
- - -
, ,

a nd fi g ? ( T o u n i e h ) are also m e n t i o n ed i n t h e P é f zt s a o
-
,
-
B ea n .

S pro u ts ( i i f T o n y a ) are a co m m o n arti c l e of d i e t w ith th e

i
-
,

C h i nese b ut th ese for m er are m ad e o f the bla c k bea n a nd are

, ,

es pecial l y u sed i n m ed i ci n e Li S h i h c h e n g i ves th e fol low i ng .

-

m od e of prepara t io n O n a w ater d ay ( 3 3 fi E l ) soak bl ac k

“
‘

bea n s i n c le a r w ater a n d after th e spro uts h ave gro w n tak e , ,

”
O ff th e h u l ls a n d d ry th e S pro u ts i n t h e sh ade T h ei r .

m ed i c a l properties are co n sidered to be l axati ve r e sol v e n t a nd , ,

c o n str u c t i ve T h ey are rep u ted to h ave spec i al i n fl u e n ce u po n

.

th e gro w th o f t h e h a i r a nd to be c u ra tive i n asci tes a nd ,

rh e u m a ti s m .

T h e y el l ow varie t y o f be a ns i s also gi ve n a separate d is

c uss i o n i n th e P é m s a o A s wa s before said t h ese are u sed for
‘
.
,

th e m os t par t i n th e prepara ti o n of bea n oil bea n c ur d a nd ,

-
,

soy . T h e be a n s a nd pods o f th i s v ar i e ty are l arger th a n th os e

o f t he black k i nd a nd i n t h e gree n s t a t e t h ey are h i gh l y
,
1 92 C H I N ES E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

”
s t a n d t o clari f y Use o n l y th e c lea r par t
. Li S h i h C h e n .
-

says A l l sorts of bea n s c a n be u sed i n m ak i n g th is prod uc t

“
,

b u t tha t m a de fro m th e bl a c k bea n i s u sed i n m ed i ci n e T h ere .

are t w o k i n ds o f th is rel i sh : o n e c al led i n si pid rel is h ( Ta n

sh i h (fi,
a nd
‘

th e oth er sal ty rel ish ( W E} H sie n sh ih ) ,

- .

Th e l i q u id for m o f th e for m er i s t h e o ne m ost u sed i n trea t i ng

d iseases To m ak e t h i s i n t h e six t h m o n th tak e t w o or th ree
.
,

e e k s of t h e bla c k H i s i d ia
p b ea ns w as h cl ea n a n d soak i n
p ,

w ater over n igh t D rai n o ff th e w ate r a n d stea m soft

. S prea d .

o ut u po n m att i n g a n d after i t h as beco m e sl i gh tl y cool

,
cove r ,

w i th ar te m isia stal k s E xa m i n e i t every th ree d ay s to n ote

.

t h e pro c ess of fer me n tat i o n T he layer of M y cod er ma w h ic h .

g rows o n t o p sh o u l d n o t be al l ow ed to beco m e t oo t h ick .

W he n s u ffi cie n tl y fer m e n ted tak e o u t a nd dry i n th e su n a nd ,

si ft c lea n Use c l ea n w ater a n d m i x i n to a h al f d ry h a l f

.
- -

m oist co n d iti o n j u st so th at t h e j u i ce w i l l e x u d e be t w ee n t h e
,

fi ngers w h e n t h e m ater i a l i s sq u eez ed i n t h e h a nd P ut i n t o .

a n earth e n ware j a r a n d pack fi r m l y c over w i t h a l ay er o f ,

m u l berry l eaves t h ree i n ch es th i c k a n d sea l u p w i t h clay , .

S et th e j a r i n th e s u n eve ry d ay for se v e n day s T h e n t ak e .

o u t a n d dry for a l ittl e w h i le i n t h e s u n a nd a gai n m o iste n ,

w i t h w ater a n d repa c k i n th e j ar as be fore Th is d o se v e n .

t i m es a nd th e n boi l agai n spread o n m atti n g d ry w i t h fi re

, , , ,
”
pack agai n i n to t h e j ars a nd sea l u p for fu t u re u se ,
.

“
T h e m e th od o f m ak i n g t h e sa l ty rel i sh i s as f ol l o ws
T ak e one p e ek of H i s p i d i a bea n s a n d s oak th e m i n w ate r t h r e e
d ays . W ash stea m a n d s prea d ou t i n a store r oo m a nd w h e n
, , ,

t h ey h a v e fer m e n ted tak e t h e m u p si ft th e m cl ea n a n d w as h

, ,

i n w ater For every fo u r cat ties take o ne catty o f s al t h al f a

.
,

c at ty o f sh redded gi n ge r a n d of pe p p ers ora n ge peel th y m e

, , , ,

f e n n el a nd a pr i c ot k er n els a s u ffi c i e n t q u a n t i t y
,
P u t al l i n t o
,
.

a n earth e n j a r a n d cover w i th wa ter to th e dept h of a n i n c h .

C over w it h ba m boo sk i n a nd seal u p th e m o u t h o f th e j a r ,

.

Place i n th e s u n f o r o n e m o n th w h e n i t w i l l be fi ni sh ed ,
.

T o prepare th e l i q u i d bea n re l ish betwee n t h e te n th a nd ,

fi rs t m oo n s take t h ree p ee k s of good sal ted bea n s B oi l fr es h .

h e m pseed o i l u n t i l i t s m ok es ; t h e n p u t i n t h e bea n s a n d
c ook th oro u gh l y S pread t h e m i x t u re o u t o n m atti n g a n d
.

d ry i n th e s u n W he n i t is dry s tea m aga i n R epea t t h i s

.
,
.
 V EGE T A B L E K I NGDO M . 1 93

process t h ree t i m es a nd t h e n add a peek O f w h i t e sa l t a nd

,

pac k al l wel l toge th er P o u r o n h ot w ater a nd perc olate

.

th ree or fo u r gal l o ns P u t i n to a clea n caldro n a nd a d d

.

pe p pe r gi n ger o n i o n a nd sh redded ora n ge peel a nd boi l a ll

, , , ,

t ogethe r u n t i l i t is evaporated o ne t h ird T h e n p u t i n to a -

.

w h ol e vesse l a n d l e t sta n d a nd i t w i l l de v elop a n excee d ,

”
i n gl y fi ne fla vor I n ad d i ti o n t o t h e bea n rel ish se v era l
.

ot he r k i n ds are m ade s uc h as b ra n rel ish m elo n rel ish , , ,

a n d soy rel is h ; b ut t h ese are for food a nd are n o t u sed i n

m edi c i n e .

T hese sal ted bea n s a nd t h ei r d eri v a t i v es are used me d i c

i na ll y i n vario u s ways T h e i nsi p i d rel is h i s u sed i n t h e
.

trea t m e n t o f c olds h eadac h e ch i l ls a nd fe ve r m al ari a n ox i o us

, , , ,

efl l u v i a i rr i tab i l it y m el a n ch ol y decl i n e d i ffi c u l t brea t h i ng

, , , , ,

p ai n fu l a nd c ol d fee t a nd for t h e d estr ucti o n o f p oiso n s i n

,

pre g n a n t do m es t ic a n i m als I n t h e t reat m e n t o f fe v ers a nd

.

persp irat i o ns i t sh o u ld be c ook ed i n to a pas te

,
For dri vi ng .

aw a y m ela nc h ol y t h e u n cook ed ar ti cl e s h o uld be m ade u p

,

i n t o p i lls a n d take n For c h il ls a n d fev er co lds o n t h e c h est

.
, ,

a nd for u lcers i t is boi l ed a n d ea te n as i t also is i n th e

, ,

case o f dyse n tery a nd c ol i c I t ma y also be u sed fo r th e .

treat m e n t o f a g u e bo n e d i sease po i so n s m aras mu s a nd d og

, , , ,

bite . I t is u se fu l i n expel l i n g gas be ne fi ti n g t h e i nt er na l ,

orga ns treat i n g c olds a nd cold poiso ns a nd for n a usea

, , .

T h e P u ch o u rel is h h as a v ery sal ty a n d c ool i n g tast e .

I t correc ts i rr itabi l i ty fe v er poiso n col d a nd decl i ne , It , , , .

be n e fi ts a ll o f t h e i n ter n a l orga ns is d iap h oret ic o pe n s u p , ,

t h e passages d estroys astral i nfl u e n ces a nd clears t h e brea th

, ,

i ng ( ope n s u p t h e n ose
“
T h e S h e n c h o u l iq u id rel is h
also al lays i rri tabi l i ty a nd fe v er is h ness T h ese are e m pl oye d .

m ed i c i n al l y i n obst i n a t e d y se n tery h e m a t u ri a l o c o m otor ataxi a , , ,

( p fil X
2 l i S h o u c h i o p u s u i ) excessi
-
v e h e m orr hage i n a bor
- -
,

ti o n th reate n ed a bor t io n d i ffi c ul t l abor ti nea ve n erea l s ore s

, , , , ,

sti ngs o f i nsects s c orp i o n bi tes h orse b i tes ta n th ra x fl w i ne

, , ,

dri n kers d i seases foreig n obj ec ts i n t h e eye a n d t h or ns i n

’
, ,

t h e flesh .

B E A N FE RM EN T i? ( T o u h ua n g ) Th is i the
“

-
s
i . .

f er m e n tatio n pel l i cl e ( M y coa e r m a ) w h i c h for m s o n th e to p ’

of fer m e n ti ng bea ns as th e m ot h er o f v in egar for ms o n th e

,
- -
1 94 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

t op o f v i n e gar i n i ts p rocess o f pre parati o n T h e pel l icl e .

co n ta i ns i n add i t i o n to the my ce tes of fe r m e n tati o n vari o u s

, ,

k i n ds o f mo u lds a nd m ilde ws a nd i ts co m pos i ti o n is probabl y ,

n ot a t al l u n i for m T he m e th od o f pre parat io n i s gi ve n

.

as fol lows : Take a p ee k o f black bea ns a n d th oro ugh l y

“

stea m the m Spre ad u po n m att i n g a nd cove r w i t h arte m i si a

.

s tal k s as i n t h e process o f pre par i n g soy

,
W h e n t h e pe ll i cl e .

i s for m ed o n top tak e i t o ff d ry i n t he s un a n d p owder

, , ,

w he n i t is read y for use T h e taste is s wee t a nd cool i n g

.
,

a nd t h e s u bsta n ce i s n o n poiso n o u s I t is s pe c ia ll y reco m m e n ded

- .

i n th e trea t me n t o f rh e u ma t i s m espec i all y t hat o f t h e k nees , ,

f or th e i n s u ffi cie n t acti o n o f th e fi v e viscera spl ee n a nd , ,

s t o m ac h g i v i n g s tre ngth to th e bod y l u bricat i n g th e mu s c le s

, ,

a nd sk i n i m prov i n g th e c o m plex io n i n vigorat i n g t h e m arro w

, , ,

a nd to n i n g u p th e syste m ge neral ly e n abl i ng o ne to ea t ,

fats . I t i s so me ti m es co m bi ned w i th p ork fa t a nd m ade

i n to p i l ls for prod u c i n g fles h A h u nd red pi lls s h o u ld be .

take n a t o ne ti m e Fat peopl e sh o uld n o t use t h i s s u bsta n ce

. .

C he wed i n to a paste a nd a ppl ie d to ecze m a i t proves very ,

e ffi cac io u s .

B E A N C U RD g ( To u f u) . T h e m e th o d o f m ak i
-
ng .

bea n c u rd h ad i ts or i gi n i n t h e H a n d y n asty d uri n g t h e ,

re i g n o f H u a i Na n Wa n g ( A D a t Li ua n A l l sorts
. . .

of black bea ns y el l o w bea n s w h i te bea n s cla y bea ns

, , , ,

ree n bea ns , a nd peas c a n be u sed i n i ts preparatio n Th e

g .

process o f m a nu fact u r i n g i s g i ve n i n t h e P é /zts a o as fol lows

W ash t he bea ns a nd cr u s h t h e m i n wa ter S k i m ofi
'
“
.

w h a t floats a nd boi l ,
M ak e a n atro n sol ut io n or a decoc t io n
.
,

o f t h e lea v es o f S h a n fa n ( 111 g ) S y mp l ocos p r zm zf ol za or

' '

-
, ,

u s e so u r sov v i negar a nd add t o th e bea n s , H eat al l togethe r .

i n a caldro n A f ter w ard s po u r i n to a lar ge j a r i n w h ic h

.

h as bee n pl aced po w d ered gy ps u m a n d m i x w el l toget h e r .

Wh at w il l be prod uced is a sal tish b i tterish so u r acrid m i x , , ,

t ure a nd w h at c o n geals u po n th e s u rface o f the co m po u n d

,

i s to be tak e n o ut a nd d ripped clea n of t he othe r sol u tio n .

”
Th is is bea n cu r d Th e taste is swee t al ka l i n e a nd cooli n g
-
.
, , .

I t is co n sidered to be sl i gh tl y deleterio us I t is th o u gh t tha t .

th e i n gestio n of bea n c u rd pre v e n ts th e c uri n g o f d iseases ,

b ut i f carrots are p u t w it h th e bea n c u rd th is ac tio n i s p re ,

1 96 C H I N E S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

a nd a nth el mi nt ic T h ey sh o u l d n o t be used t o excess as th e y

.
,

a re co nsidered t o h a v e so m e d el e t er io u s properti es .

G LY CY RR H I Z A — fi g ( K a n .
‘
a m es 58 7 . O t h er n

a re 5 fij
2 ( M i k a n)
in
; ii ( M i i 25 ( M ei 55fi
5
: -
,

( Ln 1 a ( Li n g a nd ( K u o lao
) T h is l ast -
.
,

n a m e i s appl ied t o t h e pl a n t o n ac co u n t o f i ts great v irt u es as a

r e m edy . T h e d r ug is v ery h i gh l y prized by the C h i nese a nd ,

e n t ers i n t o t h e c o m posi t i o n o f v ery m a n y p rescrip t io ns Th e .

m ost co m m o n s p ecies th at s up pl y th e C h i n ese l i cor i ce roo t are

G ly cy r flzzz a eck zn a m a n d G ly cy r r lzzz a g l a br a bo t h o f w h i c h
’ ' ’

are f o u n d grow i n g ple n ti fu l l y i n n or th er n C h i n a Q ua n ti ties .

are al so bro ugh t fro m M o n gol i a es pecial l y fro m th e regi o n ,

abo u t K o k o nor I n fa ct th e pl a n t see ms to grow ex t e n sive ly

.
,

t h ro u gh o u t al l th e reg i o n of Ce n t ra l A si a T h e r oo t is c o m .

m o u l y sol d i n l o n g pi e c es d ry w ri n k led a n d red o n t h e s urface

, , , ,

a n d y el l ow fi bro u s a n d to ug h i n t he i n teri or
, , T he t aste i s .

d i sagreeabl y s w eet a n d sl i gh tl y m u ci lagi n o u s I t s ta nd s n ex t .

t o g i n se n g i n i m p or ta n c e i n C h i n ese ph ar m acy bei n g th e ,

g rea t c orrecti v e adj u n ct a nd h ar m o n i z i n g i ngred i e n t i n a l arge

n u m b er o f reci pe s Li ke m ost cel ebrated C h i n ese dr u gs i t i s
.
,

c red i te d w i th th e property o f rej u ve n at i n g t h ose wh o c o n s u me

i t for a l o ng t i m e T h e roots t wigs a nd efil o resc e nc e a re used

.
, ,

i n m edi c i n e To n i c alexip h ar m i c al terat i ve a nd ex p ec tora n t

.
, , ,

proper ti es are ascribed t o t h e d r ug I t i s u sed to al lay t h i rs t .

,

fe v e ris h ness pa i n co ugh

,
a nd d istress of brea th i ng I t i s
, , .

S peci al l y prescri bed for c h i ldre n a n d i s u sed i n a l ar ge n u m be r ,

o f t h eir m alad ies b ut as i t i s u s u al ly exh ibi ted i n co m bi n ati o n

,

w i t h o th er dr u gs i t c a n read i l y be u n derstood w h y p urel y

,

i magi nary v i rt u es s h o ul d b e ascri bed to i t Local ly i t i s .

,

a ppl ied m i xed w i t h h o n ey t o b u r ns boi ls a n d ot her sores

, , , , .

T h e p ro perties ascribed t o th e tw i gs a nd fl o wers d o no t d i ff e r i n

a ny es se n tial respec t fro m t h ose asc ri bed t o t h e roo t .

G LY PT O ST R O B U S H E T E R O P H Y LLU S ( Ta xoa zum

'
’

h eter op /z ll u m) — 7 ( (
y j $5} .S h u i s u n g ) T h e P é i zts a o says -
th a t .

th is grows o n th e sh ores of th e s o u th er n seas i n t h e water a n d ,

l ooks l ik e a p i ne H e n ce th e n a m e
. I t is pre s cr i b ed i n a n i m a l .

b i tes a nd i n th e d ropsy of pre g na n t w o me n ( h yd rop sa rnn i on

 VEGE T AB L E K I NGDO M . 1 97

M U LTI C E PS —fii 58 fi ( S h u ch ir
’

G N A P H A LI U M .
-

t s ao)
‘
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w i th a w h i t i sh h i rs u te l eaf a nd be ar i n g y ell o w fl owers

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o n e of th e n a m es y el l o w arte m i sia
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T h e m ed ic i n al a cti o n .

o f t h i s pl a n t i s re gard ed as decided l y a n t i m alari al a nd a n t i -

f ebri le I t is al so prescr i bed i n c o u gh s a n d d isea s e s o f t h e

.

l ungs a nd a ir passa ges .

G N A P H A LIU M P O LY C E P H A LU M g ( Y u n .

t s ao )
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.
,

w h i te fl owers a nd t h e s c abro u s l eaves h avi n g fra gra nce F or .

t h is reaso n i t i s m u ch c u l t i v ated i n garde n s Th e od or is very .

p ers i ste n t a nd i t is sa i d th a t fleas l i ce a nd m oth s d o n o t l i k e

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i t B eca use of th is l at ter fac t th e pl a n t is freq ue n tl y p ut un de r

.
,

th e bed m ats a n d i n to book s to d r i v e t h ese i n sec t pes t s a way .

N o med i ci nal properties are ascri bed t o i t .

G O M P H R E NA GLO BOSA E] { I ( Pai j ih h u ng) .

- -
.

N O par t o f t h is bea u ti fu l tree see m s to be u sed i n m ed i ci n e It .

i s m u ch c u l t i va ted i n garde n s as a n or n a m e n t a n d t h e n a m e ,

re fers t o i t s l o n g peri od o f fl ow er i ng Th e flow ers are s ma ll .

,

red a n d fra gra n t

,
T h ey are so m eti m es ca l l ed T E 22 ( Ti ng
.

h sia n g h ua ) -
.

G O S SY P I U M H E RB A C E U M fi fig ( Ts ao m ie n) $5 .
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,

XE ( M ie n h u a) T h i s
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a n d w h i ch i s th e sa m e as G os syp i u m zn d zcu m i s
' '

c ot t o n w ool , ,

n o t d isti n g u ish ed i n C h i n ese w orks fro m t h e sterc u l iaceo us

B o m ba x m a l a ba r zcu m th e co t to n t ree T h e reaso n for t h i s

'

.
,

probabl y appears i n t h e fact th at th e co tto n t re e wa s k n o wn i n

C h i n a fro m v ery a n ci e nt ti m es a nd i ts cotto n wa s u sed by th e ,

C h i n ese i n t h e m a nu fact u re of cl oth before t h e i n trod uc tio n o f

th e cot t o n pla n t w h ic h probabl y took place abo u t t h e X I
,

Ce n t u ry co m i ng by t h e wa y o f t h e so u th ei th er by forei g ners
, ,

trad i ng w i t h t h e Ch i n ese or by th e M o ngol co nq uerors of ,

C h i na , wh o abo u t th e sa m e t i me bro ugh t i t fro m th e wes t a nd

 1 98 C H I N E S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

so u t h wes t or by bot h o f th ese factors

-
, T h e pl a nt is no w .

gr o w n i n al l pa rts o f so u th er n a nd ce n tra l C h i n a U nder th e .

t i tl e o f 7 k fig ( M u m ie n ) th e P é f zts a a d isc usses t h is pl a n t a n d

-

g i ves 5 E ( K u pe i ) a nd fi fra - t
( K m C h u ng ) as sy n o ny ms say i ng -
,

t h at t h e for m er refers t o t h e tree w h i le t h e latter refers to th e ,

pl a n t T h e Sa n scr i t n a m es gi ve n are Eg g g ( S a n p o ) a nd 5 112 - ‘

m
.

C i a l o o c h ie h th e l atter o f w h c h ma be
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Q g ( h p
-
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,

atte m p t a t tra nsl i te rat i o n of t h e I nd ia n n a m e K a rp a s z K ao

’

c h a n g t h e c o u n try of th e U i g u rs is n a m ed as possessi n g a
, ,

c otto n pl a n t w h i c h prod uces a texti le fi ber ca l l ed [3 ( Pai ,

t ie h ) Th e A u n cb zmf a ng p u gi ves ful l d irect i o n s as to t h e

’
’

- - -
.

growi n g of c o t to n a nd na m es t h e va rio u s varie ties raised

, .

T h e C h i nese card cotto n by m ea ns o f a bow prod uci ng a very ,

l ig h t fl oss Us u a l l y t h e C h i n ese cotto n fi ber i s sh ort s tapl e

.
,

b ut th ey h ave o ne k i nd cal led fi $5 ; ( S SH m i e n ) w h ich i s very

,
-
,

si l k y a nd o f grea t l e n g th T h e y co n si der th e forei g n cott o n

.
,

w h i ch th ey h av e h ad t o b u y s o largel y o f l a te years o n a cco u n t

o f t h e fai l u re of t h ei r o wn cr ops a s i n feri or i n war m th t o th ei r ,

o w n stapl es T h e c otto n pl a n t d oes n o t see m t o be used i n

.

m ed i ci ne Th e fi ber bot h i n t h e ra w state a nd a fter ha v i ng

.
,

bee n i n ci n erated is u sed to s t a u n c h w o u nds

, T h e seed 75 .
,

( M ie n h u a -
fi 25 t : ( M i e n h u j
a én) 8 4 8 are e m pl oyed - -
, ,

i n t h e m a n u fac t u re o f cot ton s eed oi l w h i c h was for m erl y u sed ,

i n vi l l a ge s as food a n d for la m p s I ts ta s te is very u n pleasa n t .

,

w h ic h fact i s d ue t o th e C h i n ese roasti n g th e seeds b e fore

e xpress i n g th e oi l I t is u sed m edi ci n al l y as a de m u lce n t a nd
.
,

i s a ppl i ed t o l epro u s s ca bi o us a nd o t he r for ms o f s k i n d i s ease

, , .

G Y M N O C LAD U S C H I NE NSIS 5 ( Fei t sa o .

-

T h is i s a l eg um i n o u s tree si m i lar to G l ed zts clzza

’

c h ia ) It
’

.
,
.

w a s for so m e ti m e s upp osed to be a Ce sa lp mza b u t i t was

'

l ater fo u nd to bel o n g t o Gy m n od a a u s a n d th e abo v e desig n a

’
,

t i o n was ass i g ned to i t I t i s a l arge tree grow i ng i n ce nt ra l

.
,

C h i n a a nd beari ng w h i te fl o wers
,
I ts p od s are c ol l ected for .

t h e m arket a nd are m et w i th as greasy flesh y yel l ow ish o r

, , , ,

redd ish b r o wn l eg u m es th ree or fo u r i n ch es l o ng a nd a bo ut

-
, ,

o n e a n d a h al f i n ch es broad Th e y a bo u n d i n a n acrid deter .

,

ge n t fatty pri nci p le s o t h at w h e n t h e pod s a re roasted a nd

, ,

po u nd ed i n t o a p ulp th e y ma y be k n eaded i n t o bal ls,

T h es e .
2 00 C H I N E S E M AT E RI A M ED I C A .

n um ero us a n d are said to look l i k e s n ak e s e yes ; h e nce t h e

,
’

na me Tr u e to C h i nese t h erape u ti cal pr i nc i ples t h is pl a n t

.

i s used o n l y as a n appli catio n i n cases o f s n a k e bi te .

G Y M N O TH R I X , b ea m ”
A l a/ .
—fi 5 fi ( La n g wei -

t s ao ) fl ( La ng ) 5 ; fil; ( T u ng l a n g )
’ 5
a $5 ( La n g m a o ) E
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t u t n n ( : - -
I n a ll ,

probabi l ity th ese ter m s ma y no t a l l rel a te to th e sa m e speci es .

T h e se c o n d ter m w o uld see m to be ge n eri c w h il e t h e fi rs t i s a ,

v e ry good t ra s la tio n o f t h e E n gl is h n a m e
n fox ta i l ” T his -
.
,

grows i n C h i n a as i t does i n o ther par ts o f th e world i n da mp

, ,

fi eld s . Th e seeds are u sed t h o u g h s c arcel y m ed ic i n a l l y ; as

,

th e y are sa i d i f u sed as food to p r e v en t h u ng er ! U nder t h i s

, ,

art i c l e i n th e P e zzts a o a rel a ted p la n t is m e n tio n ed w h i c h i s

‘

ca l led fit] g ( K ua i ’
T h is is S ch p u s ( w h ic h see ) /
.

G Y N A N D RO P S I S P E N TA P H Y LL A —é 22 fl ( P a i .

h ua éfa fi 312 ( Ya ng c h io T h i s is a c ul ti v ate d

-

v egetable o f t h e garde ns I t is descr ibed as h a v i ng a wea k

.

sta l k spread i ng o ut i n bra n c h es w i t h p i nna ti fi d lea v es

,
I n the .

a u t u m n i t bears a w h i te fl o wer w i th lo n g petals a nd pro d uc es ,

a s m al l b orn abo u t t w o or t h ree i n ch es l o n g ( t h e seed ca ps u l e P) .

T h e seeds are b lack a nd ti n y a nd are gat h ere d f or u s e as ,

m ed i c i n e Th ere i s also a y el l o w flo wered ki n d

. I f tak e n i n .

excess th e dr u g prod uces fl a t u l e n ce a nd a se nse o f opp ressi o n

,

i n th e sto m ach M ed i ci n al ly i t is u sed as a car mi na t i v e , a nd

.
,

t h e d e c oct io n is e m pl oyed as a was h for p i les a nd for rh e uma t

i s m a nd m alar ia l d isorders .

G Y N O C AR D I A O D OR A T A —j < fl ( Ta fen g .
-

T hese seeds a re i m ported i n to C h i na fro m S ia m T h e large .

t ree w h i c h y i elds t he m is c o mm o n I n C a m bod i a S i a m th e , ,

I n d ie n A r c h ipelago M al ays i a A ssa m a nd oth er p a rts o f

, , ,

E aster n I n d i a T he w h ol e order ( B i xi n eae ) to w h ic h t h is tre e

.

bel o n gs is tropi c al a nd poiso no us T h e lar ge ro u n d i nd eh i s .

, ,

ce n t s u cc u le nt ca ps u lar fr u i ts co m pared by t h e C h i nese to th e

, , ,

coc oa n u t c o n tai n very m a n y m at ted ovoid i rreg u l ar c o m

, , , ,

pressed gray is h bro w n seeds

,
-
T hey v ary fro m a h al f t o se v e n
.

e i gh t h s o f a n i nc h i n le ngt h a n d co n sist of a h ard w oody tes ta

, , ,
 VEG E T A B L E K I N GDOM . 201

t o the s ur f ace of w h ic h port io n s of fi r m d ry p u l p or o f th e ,

ri n d of th e fr ui t a re ofte n ad here n t so m eti m es to th e ex t e n t o f

, ,

u n i ti n g t w o or th ree seeds i n to o n e m ass Th e al b u m e n i s o i l y .

,

a n d i n cl oses large h eart sha ped,

lea fy coty led o n s
-
Th e I nd ia n
, .

n u ts are so m e w h at d i fle re n t fro m t h e S ia m ese s a m l es

’

p th e ,

testa bei n g s m ooth t h i n a n d fragil e i n th e case o f th e for m er

, , .

C/ za n l m u r a a n d P e t a r fezt r a are I n d ia n n a m es
g f o r th e d r u g .

T h e seeds are l i k e n ed by th e C h i n ese to M y l zt ta Zap za es ee n s

'

(E R ,
Le i w a-
n ) T h.e m eth od g i ve n i n t h e P é n ts a o for pre
pari n g t h e oi l is as fol l ows : Use t h ree c atties o f t h e seeds
“
,

re m ove th e h u l ls a nd sk i n s ; gri nd up i n a m ortar very fi ne .

Pac k i n to a n ea rt h e n j a r a n d seal u p t i gh tl y P u t t h e j ar .

i n to a pot of boi l i n g w a t er a nd sea l t h e pot so t h at n o stea m ,

c a n escape ( poss i bl y for i n c reased h eat u n d er press u re ) S tea m .

i t u n t i l th e o i l ass um es a blac k a n d tarry appeara n ce Th is

m
.

i s t h e c h a u l m u gra oi l ( i t Ji i y Ta fen g y u ) I z z r
’
‘
T h is - -
, .

i s a n ex tra c t rath er t h a n a n o i l al th o u gh i t probabl y co n tai ns ,

al l of t h e lat ter fo u n d i n t h e seeds B ot h t h e seeds a nd .

t h is oi l y ex trac t are used i n t h e treat m e n t of le prosy I n deed .

t h e n a m e o f t h e d r u g is d eri ved fro m i ts rep u ted q u al i t ies i n

t h e treat m e n t o f t h i s d isease ( fie ELg Ta fen g S op / ze r a ,
-

v es ee fl s M e m or d zea a n d c al o m e l are var i o us

fl
'

a ,

l y used i n c o m bi n a ti o n w it h t h e o il o r seeds i n t he i n ter na l or

ex ter n al trea t m e n t o f t h e d isease Th e d r ug is als o rec o m .

m e n ded for i m peti g o psoriasis sy p h il is s c abies a n d paras i t ic

, , , ,

ped ic u li . So m e o f t h e c h a ul m u gra see d s fo u n d i n C h i nese

S h ops wo u ld see m t o be fro m H y d i zoem p u s v e n e zza t u s o f t he ’

sa m e order a n Gy noea r d za w h i c h h as bee n fo u n d al m os t

'

eq u al ly as use fu l as th e latter i n t h e t reat m e n t of l ep rosy T h e .

I nd ia n n a m e o f t h is is N eer a a zmootoo
’
’
.

G Y N U RA PI N N A TI FI D A li ( S a n 1 0
59 U ] r
,

K ( S h a n 2 ( C h i n
p ;u h u a n) T h is sc i ta m i
-
n eo u-
s .

p la n t i s n a m e d fro m t h e i rreg u lar arra n ge me n t o f t h e leaves .

T h e C h i n ese say th at t here are th ree o n t h e le ft side a nd fo u r

o n t h e ri gh t ; h e n ce t h e fi rs t n a m e Li S h i h C h e n says th a t .
-

t/ r o ba bly n ot t r u e b u t t h a t t h e fi rst n a m e i s a corr up t i o n

'

t zs i s
p ,
”
of t h e seco nd w h ich m ea n s m o u n tai n v ar n ish
,
T h is n a me .

refers to i ts property o f ca usi n g t h e ed ges o f wo u nds t o ad h ere

2 02 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

toge th er . Fro m i ts extraord i nary rep u tatio n a m o n gst m i li tary

a nd fi gh ti n g m e n th e r oo t o f t h is pla n t is very costly
, . T he
”
las t n a m e ,
gold n o rec o m pe nse
“
, re fers t o th is fac t . The
d r u g c o m es f ro m K u a n gs i a n d Y u nn a n w h ere i t is c u l t i vated
,
.

I t o c c u rs i n taperi n g pie c es o f fro m th ree q uarters of a n i n c h t o

-

a n i n c h i n l e n gth . Th e y e l lo w exter n al s u r face is wri n k led ,

m arked w i t h s mal l n od u les a n d r i dges a n d th e i n t erior is o f a

,

pale yel l o w c ol or . Th e t aste i s bi tter a n d sl i gh tl y sa c c hari n e

,

s o m e t h i n g l ik e tha t of g i n se n g to w h i ch i t is l i ke n ed by th e
,

C h i n ese. V ul n erary s ty p t i c astr i n ge n t a n d d isc u tie n t prop

, , ,

e r t i es o f a v ery h i gh d egree are attrib u ted to t h i s d r u g . I t is

reco m m e nd ed i n al l for m s of h e m orr h a ge a nd wo u nds i n cl ud,

i n g t i ge r a n d s nak e b i tes . T he leaves h a v e s i mi l ar properties ,

a n d are o f te n co mb i n ed w i t h t h e r h iz o m e .
 C H I N E SE M A T E R I A M E D IC A .

H E M E RO C A LLI S E: ( H s ii a n 476
. Th e fi rs t l .

c h ara c te r i s w r i tte n 3 2 H s u a n i n t h e cl ass i c s a n d i s de fi n ed by

9 ( ) ,

; (W a n g y u) t h e pl a n t of forge tfu l n ess Th e co mm o

5 E
,
7
,
n .

n a m e is ( L n ts u n g ) beca use th e pl a n t 1 5 l i k e t h e o n i o n
‘
e at -
M ,

a n d d ee r eat o f i t S t il l a n ot her n a m e i s fl
.
( I n a n ) be c a u se ,

i t i s said th a t i f preg n a n t w o m e n w ear t h e flo wers a t t h e

g ird le th e ch i ld w i l l be a m al e Th ere are se veral s pe c i es .

of t h i s ge n u s fo u n d i n C h i n a m ostl y h av i n g ora n ge a n d ,

y el l ow fl o w ers Th e n a m es gi ve n i n th is articl e are vari o usl y

.

re ferred t o H e me r oea l l zs fi t te d a n d H emor oea l / zs m i n er Th e

' ’

dr ied flo wers a re l argel y co n s u med as food by th e C h i n ese a n d ,

are cal led i f T: ( C h i n ch e n ts ai ) H a g h

“ ‘
7 a g e ( u n u a -

ts ai ) Th e ar t i cle appeari n g i n t h e C u sto m s l ist h o we ver d oes

.
, ,

n o t c o n s ist a l o n e of th e flow ers o f t h i s p la n t b u t also O f o th e r ,

sp ec i es o f l i l y T h e y are u sed bot h as m ed i c i ne a n d as a rel i s h

.

w i th m ea t dish es T h ey c o n si s t o f i n fer i or t ub ul ar per ia n th s

.
,

o f th e u n ope n e d fl o we r e n cl os i n g S l X I n trorse s ta me n s w i t h
, ,

th e t h ree c el led s uperior ov ary a nd si m pl e s tig m a c h arac teris tic

-
, ,

of l i l li a c e o u s pla n ts Th ey are t w i sted or w ri n kl ed so as

.
, ,

t o g i ve a le ngt h o f fo u r o r fi v e i n ch es th e c olor be i n g of a dark , ,

bro w n is h yel lo w tra nsl u ce nt a n d c ove red w i t h a w h i ti sh m o u l d

-
, ,

or bl oo m Th e O d or is a greeabl e a n d th e tas t e s weet a n d

.
,

m u cilag i n o us M ed ic i nal l y t h ey are u sed t o get h er w i th t h e

.
,

sh oot a nd are c o n s i d e red to be a n tifebri le a nd a n ody n e

,
So m e .

i n toxica n t o r st i m u l a n t proper ties see m t o bel o n g to t hese

dr u gs . T h e root i s d i u re t i c a n d i s gi ve n i n dys uria l i th ias is , , ,

d ropsy j a u n d i c e pi les a n d t um or of t h e breast

, , ,
.

H E M I PT E L E A T h is i s a
D AV I D I A N A .
—t@
s m al l u l m aceo us tree prov i ded w i t h l arge th or ns a n d fo u n d
, ,

i n th e n orth er n prov i nces I t is descr ibed i n t h e P en ts a o .

t ogeth er w i t h th e e l m a nd i ts m ed ic i n al v ir t ues are not ,

d isti n g uish ed fro m th ose o f t h e la tter

. .

H E P A TI C A —
l{l1 $2 ( T i earth cl oth es
'

also cal led -

i) , ”

m
.
,

l 36 H i ( Ya n g t ie n p i ) a nd it} 33 J}: ( C h ii t ie n The

- ‘ -
‘ -
‘

P é zzts a o d oes n o t gi ve m u c h descr i ptio n of th i s pla n t b u t ,

w h at is g i ve n is c haracterist i c T h e taste is bi tter cool i ng .

, ,

a nd sl ig h tly d ele t erio us I ts m ed ic i n al v ir t u es are said t o

.
 V EGE T A B L E K I NGDO M . 2 05

be a nod y n e a nd a n ti febr i le a nd i t i s prescribed i n a ngi na ,

a nd s u nstrok e a nd also as a local a ppl ica t io n i n s m al l po x

,

u lcera ti o n s .

H E TE R O P OG O N C O N T O R TU S —fl li $53; ( Ti ch i n) .
_,
-
,

Fifi ( C h ie n k é n ) j : ( T u ch i n) Th i s i s a grass w i t h a
- ‘ -
.
,

h i rs u te r oot I t is n e a rl y related to I mp er a t a a r m zd zn a eea

’

.
,

bot h i n ap peara nce a nd i n m ed i ci n a l vi rt u es T h e root s h oot .

, ,

a nd fl owers are al l used as a d e mu l ce n t a nd a n t i febri le re m ed y .

H I B I S C U S E SC UL E N TU S a nd H I B I S CU S M A N I H O T .

m
"

33 a $3 ( H
:
u a n g s h u T h e i de n t i fi cati
-
o n o f al vaceo u s

pl a n ts i s e xceed i n gl y u nc er tai n Th e C h i nese n a m es are ofte n .

u sed i n t erc h a n ga bl y fo r d i ff ere n t ge n era a n d spe c ies a n d e ve n ,

fo r pl a n ts of oth er ord ers T h e descri pti o n s als o l ac k i n .

d e fi n i te nes s so t h a t i t i s sa fe t o say th at d i ff ere n t pl a n ts are

,

o fte n co n fo u nded Th e o ne u nd er c o nsiderat io n re prese n ts o ne

.

o r m ore e d ible spe cies w h ich i n cl u de t h a t fu r n i s h i ng ok r a .

,

H o w ever i t is so m eti m es m is tak e n for A l t/

,
zed r os ea It is .

g row n ex te n si vel y i n C h i n a as a g ard e n fl ower as w el l as a ,

v ege table a nd i t co m es up fro m y ear t o y ear as a v ol u n teer

,
.

I t bears a si x cel led co n ica l seed p od abo u t th e si ze o f a

-
, ,

t h u m b a nd th e seed ca ps u les are arra n ged spiral l y i n th e p od

,
.

T h e seeds are blac k Th e stal k grow s to th e h ei gh t of s i x or

.

se ve n feet . Th e b a rk is u se d for m ak i ng rope T h e flo w ers .

,

s eeds ,
a nd root are a l l u sed m ed ici n al l y a n d th ey are c o n ,

s i d ere d t o be d i u reti c a nd de m u lce n t i n t h e ir ac ti o n T he y .

are prescri bed i n d i ffi c u l t l abor a nd as a l oca l a p pl icati o n to ,

v ario us k i nds o f sores w o un ds scalds a nd b u r ns ,

The r oo t ,
.

i s m ucilag i n o u s a nd d ecoct i o ns of t h is as wel l as of t h e seeds

, , ,

are used i n siz i ng pa p e r .

H I B I SC U S M UT A B I LI S —7 k ig ( Mu fu j u n g ) also
F .
- -
,

l
il! 35 ; 0
( Ti fu j u n g ) O th er-
n a m es a re g i v e n b ut are n ot
-
.
,

especial l y d isti nc t i ve T h e l as t t w o charac ters are u s u al l y

.

a ppl ied to N el u m ozzt m a n d P ape r/er s om mf er u m a nd a re u sed

’

i n t h is case o n ac co u n t o f t h e rese m bla n ce of t hese flo wers to

t h ose o f th e lot u s a nd poppy T h is t ree gr o ws read il y al m os t .

e v ery w h ere i n C h i n a T h e pre v ai l i ng co lor of th e fl owe rs i s

.
2 06 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

red b u t several c ol ors are m e n ti o n ed

,
T he bark as i n th e .
,

case O f m a n y m a l vaceo us sh r ubs i s u sed for rope m ak i ng ,

.

T h e l eaves a n d t h e flowers are th e par ts u sed i n m ed i ci n e a nd ,

t h ey a re ev ide n tl y de m u l c e n t a n d are by t h e C h i n ese c o n ,

s i d e re d t o be ex pec tora n t cool i n g a n tid ota l t o al l ki n ds o f , ,

p o i s o n , a nd a n ody n e T hey are prescr i bed i n ol d c o u g h s

.
,

m e n orr h a g i a dys u ria a n d w o u n ds es p e cial l y b u r n s a nd s calds

, , ,

th at are sl ow i n h eal i n g A n o t h er n a m e for th is pla n t as.

,

g i ve n by Faber i s fi t ( C h,
i n b u t w h at i s sai d abo u t
t h is n a m e i n t h e C h i n ese books d oes n o t c l earl y i n d ica te wh a t
it is . I t i s stated th a t t h e ( C h i n k u ei ) i s pl a n ted i n th e -
‘

a u t u m n a n d th e a s ( T u n g k u ei ) is pla n ted i n t h e w i n te r -
‘
.

For th is la st see M a l t/a v e r ti cal/ a fa r

.

H I B I S C U S ROS A S IN E NS IS sa ng ) F u .
— j§e i (P u -
.

s a ng is m e n ti o ned I n t h e a n c i e n t book s as th e n a m e of a
f ab u l o u s tree be h i n d w h i c h th e s u n i s s u p p osed to r ise It .

al so refers t o t h e n a m e of a co u n try w h ere th e pl a n t gr ows ,

a n d w h i ch h as bee n vari o u sl y i de n ti fi e d as Sagh a l i e n J apa n , ,

a n d A m eri ca Pr o fess or N e um a n co n fo u n ded t h i s pla n t w i t h

.

A g a v e m ex zemm a n d u po n th is i de n t i fi c at i o n b u i l t u p a h y
'

t h es i s of t h e dis c overy of A m eri c a by th e C h i n ese Th e sh r ub

p o .

g ro ws to th e h eigh t o f fo ur or fi v e feet a nd th e flo wers sh o w ,

re d ye l l ow a nd w hi te va riet i es Th e red i s cal l ed fie ti ( C h u

“

, , .

c h i n ) a n d i f ti ( C h i h ch i u l
. A w r o n g wr i ti ng o f t h e fi rs t
‘ -
.

n a m e is fit ; i ( P O sa n g ) A n a m e c o mm o n t o t h is a n d o t he r
-
.

m al vaceo u s pla n ts is E ] 52 ( J i b c h i ) T h e l eaves a n d t h e flo w -

.

ers are u sed m ed i c i n al l y o n l y i n c o m bi n atio n w i t h ot h er d r u gs

.
,

bea te n i n to a pas te a nd a p pl ied as a po u l tice t o ca ncero us

s w el l i n gs a nd m u m ps .

SY R I A C US —7k it; ( M u c h i n )
H I B I SC US I t i s als o .
-
.

cal l ed 8 52 (J i b ch i ) be c a u s e t h e flowers O pe n i n t h e m or n i n g
-
,

a n d f al l o ff before e v e n i ng A n ot h er n a m e i s 5
g:
E : ( F an li
.
-

t s a o) beca u se i t i s used f or m a k i ng h edges be i ng c u l ti va ted

‘
, ,

f o r t h i s p ur p ose I t bears bea u ti fu l re d flowers m u ch rese m

.
,

bl i n g t h o se of A l t/ t ea r os ea Th e bark a nd r oot are u sed .

i n m ed i c i n e Th e t aste is m uci lagi n ou s a n d t h ey a re u se d as

.
,

d e m u l ce n t a nd a n t i febri le re m ed ies i n d i arrh oeas dyse n ter i es a nd , ,

d y s me norr h oea Loca ll y t h ey a re a lso appl ied i n a l l sorts o f

.
,
2 08 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

w es t er n co un t ries B ut th is i s tr u e i n re gard t o a l l o f th e
.

cereals raised i n C h i n a a nd i s d u e p robabl y to lo ng years O f

,

i nbreedi n g fa i l ure to r otate crops a nd lac k o f proper co nd i

, ,

t io ns o f soi l B arle y i s co n sidered by th e C h i n ese to be v er y

.

n o u ris h i n g pre v e n t i n g fever a n d g i v i n g v igor a n d stre n gth t o

,

th e body C o n t i n ual use o f i t as food is said to preve n t th e h air

.

f ro m t u r n i n g gre y I t i s used for m ak i ng po u l t i c es fo r u l cers

.

a nd as a d res s i n g for b ur ns T h e s h oots o f t h e pl a n t a re u sed

.

as a d i ure t i c a nd as a n appl icatio n t o c h i lbl ai ns a nd to froze n

e x tre m i t ies A m i lde w or r u st fo u nd o n th e a w ns abo u t t h e
.

t i m e th a t th e gra i n is r ipe a n d ca l l ed j ; 25 i ll ( Ta m a i n u ) i s
,
- -
,

co nsidered t o be a n t i febril e a nd a n ti dotal to poiso n o u s dr u gs .

M a lt or B a r l e
y pS r o u t s u n d er th e n a m,
e o f $ 5 g? g ( r K u n g
m a i n ie h ) or g fit ( M a i ya ) 8 1 7 is pre pared by m oiste n i n g t h e
-
,
-
, ,

g rai n a n d a l l o w i n g i t to g er m i n ate I t is th e n dr i ed i n t h e .

s u n t h e s pro u ts r u bbed o ff
,
a nd t h e
g rai n is gro ,
u n d i n to fl o u r .

I t is co ns idered to be pepti c s to mach i c l e n i t i v e de m u lce n t , , , ,

e x pectora n t a n d abor t ifacie n t

,
T h is last property m i gh t i n d i
.

c a te t h e p rese n ce o f a n e rg ot I t is m uc h prescri bed i n p uer .

eral a n d i n fa n til e a ff e cti o n s a nd i ts re c o n str u ct i ve propert i es

p ,

are wel l recog n i zed For t h is p u rpos e i t i s reco m me n d ed i n

.

ph th isis a nd th e t a n ( fl) d isea s e o f c h i ld re n ( tabes m ese n terica

I t i s a lso s ai d to h a v e t h e p ow er of s u ppressi n g th e secret io n o f
m i l k i n w o me n w h ose c h ildre n h ave s u dd e n l y d ied a fter bi rt h .

H O UTTU Y N I A C O R D A T A fi fi ( Ch u .

ts a i ) fl gg g ( Y u h si n g
’
,
T h i s pl a n t gro ws i n d a m p
-

s had y pl aces i n m o u n ta i n o u s d istric ts I t h as a h ea rtsh a p e d .

,

s u cc u le n t lea f ree n on o ne sid e a nd red on th e oth er

g , ,

a nd i s goo d for feed i n g t o p igs N ot w i t hsta n d i n g t h e fact t h a t .

i t h as a decayed fi sh y s me ll to w h i c h th e l ast n a me abov e ,

g ive n re fers i t is so m eti mes

,
eate n by t h e C h i n ese as a salad .

I t i s a piperaceo u s pla n t a nd w as for m erl y pick led , Wh e n .

e ate n i n excess i t is sai d t o ca u se s h ort n ess O f breath a n d is ,

t h ere fore co ns i dered t o b e sl ig h tl y d ele t er io u s I ts ascr ibed .

properties are i n t h e m ai n a n tidotal a nd astri n ge n t a nd i t is ,

t here fore prescri bed i n poiso n ed s ores i n fectio u s sk i n d iseases , ,

p i l es prol aps us a n i pe r n ic i o us m al aria s n ak e bi te a nd t h e

, , , ,

like . Th e j u ice o f t h e fres h lea v es is m os t f req u e nt l y used .

 V EGE T AB L E K I NG D OM .
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H OV E N I A D ULCI S —1=R l a ( C h i h ch u ) , 1 2 9 T h is is .
-
.

a rh a mn aceo u s tree y ield i n g fr u i t l i k e , th i c ke n ed bra n c h es , -

of a r usse t c ol or a nd fi l le d w i th a p leasa n t y el low ish pear

, , ,

l ike p u l p w h i c h is c ool i n g a nd laxat i ve

,
N ear Pek i ng i t is .

m iscal led i f! a ( C h i h tsao ) i n i m i tatio n o f as [ R 35 ( C h i

-

c hao w h i c h i s a co m m o n wa y o f say i n g £ 3 R E ; (Chi

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c h u t z ii
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n a me O th er n a m es a re
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sh a n h u) Th e n a m es g i ve n to th e w ood are [3 E 7k ( Pa i
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T h e tree i s m e t w it h i n al l o f
-
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t h e easter n provi nc es a nd probabl y so m e of th e ce n tral a nd

,

w ester n I t i s also fo u nd i n I n d i a a n d J apa n Th e rea l fr u i ts

. .

o f t h e tree are s m al l d ry a nd pea l i ke a n d are pe nde n t u po n

, ,
-
,

t he flesh y ped u n c les w h ich greatl y i n crease i n s ize a t t h e

,

t i m e o f t h e ir m at ur i n g T h e y c o n tai n a flat sh i n i n g d ark

.
, ,

red seed rese m bl i n g th at o f L i n u m

, T h e seeds
are sol d u nder t h e na m e of 19 fig 55 ( C h i h ch u t z u) 1 2 9 ,
- -
, .

B ot h th e fr u i ts a n d t h e flesh y ped u n cles are co nsidered t o be

a n ti febri le laxa t ive d i u reti c a nd q u ieti n g to the s to m ac h
, , , .

R e m arkabl e a n ti v i nous properties are also attr i b u t ed t o t he m .

I t is sa i d th a t after th e i n gestio n o f large q ua n ti t i es o f alcoh ol

t h e use o f th i s d r u g w i l l preve n t a ny i n tox i c a n t o r po iso n
o us ac t io n T h e bar k o f t h e t ree is used i n d iseases of t h e
.

rec t um .

H U M ULU S J A P O N I C U S — J
é fi ( L n T h is is
properl y cal led hi!) jé ( Le i beca u se t h e pl a n t is co v ere d
w i th fi ne pri c k les w h i c h c ha fe ( Erik) th e sk i n w h e n t h ey c o me
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t s ao ) Th i s is th e c o mm o n w i l d h Op o f C h i n a a nd Japa n
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. Its .

med ici nal actio n i s c o nsidered t o be d i uret i c to n ic to t h e ,

e n i to u ri n ary orga n s
- an d co n str u ct i ve i n ch ro n i c fl u xes It
g , .

i s prescr ibed i n l ith i asi s n o c t u r n al e m i ssi o n s ch ro n ic d yse ntery

, , ,

ch ro n i c m alaria a n d ty p h oi d fever ,
Th i s i s o n e c ase i n wh ic h .

t h e C h i n ese h av e r each ed abo u t t h e sa m e co n cl usio ns as h a v e

bee n r eac h ed by wes ter n ph ys ic ia ns .
210 C H I NE S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

H Y DR O C H AR I S M OR SU S RA N ZE $5 ( Pai .

T h e P é n ts a o d oes n o t d ist i n g ui s h th i s fro m th e $15

M a r s zl za gu a d r zf ol za a n d 7k { ii ( S h u i L e m n a m i n or
' ' ' '

I t ca n not be t h e for m er as i t bears s m al l w h i te flowers i n ,

s u m m er a n d a u t u m n a nd M a r s zl za i s a cryptoga m o u s pl a n t
' ’

.
,

See L em n a a nd M a r s zl za
'

T h is is a J apa n ese i d e n t i fi cat i o n

'

. .

H Y D RO C O TY L E A S I AT I C A a g (
s C h i li s u eh .
,
-

’
ts ao )
‘
T h i s is Faber s i de n t ifi ca ti o n after Th u n berg
. B ut ,
.

B re ts c h n e i d er t h i n ks i t i s N ep eta g l ee/ zoo m W h y t h e la bia te .

‘

N ep e t a sh o u l d be c o n fo u n ded w i th th e u m bell i fero u s H y d r o

co t l e is d iffi c u l t t o u n dersta n d B w h e n d o c tors d isagree
“
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w h o sh al l de c i d e ? I n th e P en ts a o u n der th e C h i n es e ,

n a m e g i ve n above i s also d i s c u ssed i g {é $ 1 ( Ti c h ie n l -

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,

w h i ch Faber m ak es t o be Cof zooep / za l u s eom ea

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a nd 5 5 g g: ,

Lie ch i e w h i c h i n Japa n i s N e e t a l ee/ zom a Th e

p
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n g .

m ed i c i n a l v i r t u es o f a l l th ree w i l l be d isc u ssed u n der N ep eta

( w h i c h see ) Th e C usto m s l ists give 5 j e Bi g( P én g t a wa n )
.
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,

1 00 1 as a ter m for H y d r ocoty l e b u t t h is ter m h as no t bee n

, ,

fo u nd i n th e C h i n ese books .

H Y D R OP Y R U M L A TI F O LI U M Z zz a m a e q u a l led —fl
' '

( K n ) fi g
, ( C h i ao E ( C h i a n g Th is is a tal l
grass m u c h c u l t i vated th ro u gh o u t C h i n a o n acco un t o f i ts
,

y o u n g sta lk s c alle d egg é ( C h iao pai ) w h ich are eate n as

,
-
,

a vegetable Porter S m i t h ev i de n tl y c o n fo u nded th e c h aracters

.

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-

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is eate n b oth ra w a n d c ook ed h avi n g a n agreeabl e s wee t , ,

t aste . I t i s c al led fi 25 ( K n s u n) fi 152? ( C h i ao s u n ) é -

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a re bot h co n s i d ered t o be extre m el y cool i n g i n th e i r n a t u re ,

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t o o freel y T hey are prescribe d i n fe vers for t h ei r d i ure t ic a nd

.
21 2 C H I N E S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

H Y P O XI S A U RE A — 1flj 3 .
( H s i e n m a o) 4 53 -
Th e
,
.

P é n zs a o
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says t h at th i s grows i n w ester n co u n tries b ut i t ,

i s fo u n d i n H u peh F u k ie n a nd K u a n gt u n g A n oth er n a m e
, ,
.

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i s fi Q F 5 25 ( P o l o m é n s h é n ) o r
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o n acco u n t of i ts be i n g bro u gh t fro m I n d i a a n d of i ts re c o n

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, , ,
.

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IL E X C ORN U T A g .
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e v ergree n each l eaf h a v i n g fi ve a n gles t er m i n a t i n g i n spi nes .

I t bl osso ms i n th e fi ft h m o n th beari n g s m al l w h i te flowers , .

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a n d rese m bl es t h a t o f a ns s onzfi or m r e n s
’

T h e bark i s boi le d .

t o m ak e b i rd l i m e T h e bark a n d lea v es are used i n m ed ici n e

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.

t h e for me r be i n g co nsidered t o b e to n i c w h il e t h e l a t ter i s u se d ,

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.

beco m e pre gna n t a nd i t is regarded by th e C h i nese as t h e

,

m os t e ffi cie n t pre para tio n for p u tti ng a t er m i n ati o n t o pre g

n a n cy . I t s ab orti faci e n t proper t ies are spoke n of i n al m os t
ex tra v aga n t t er m s O t h er properties attrib ut ed t o t h e t ea a re
.

th ose of a car m i nat i v e a n d f or p uri fy i ng t h e bl ood The .

co mm o n n a m es for th e h ol ly i n K i a n gna n are EL ] ( La o

l m
sh u a nd
ff ] ( Lao h u
l , m T h e wa x i nsec t is s o me
-

t i mes fo u nd grow i ng o n t h is t ree .

I LE X P E D U N C U L O S A ( T ung C on .

f usi o n rei gns s upre m e i n regard to t h e us e o f t h is C h i n es e

na m e . I t i s m ost frequ e n tl y co nfo u n ded w i t h L zlgns tr n m
l u czd n nz ( w h ic h see ) o n acco u n t o f t h e fac t th a t th e wa x i nsec t
'

i s occasi o nal l y fo u nd grow i ng u po n t h is f l ex Th e n a me .

i s also w ri t t e n fi ( T u ng B o th o f th es e n a me s
”
are use d i n th e se nse o f e v ergree n a nd are t h erefor e
“
,

appl ied t o se v eral non deci d uo u s t rees For t h is reaso n c on

-
.

f usio n ar ises i n th eir u se as a d isti n c t t er m f or a ge nus or

S pecies T h e ter m i s al so appl ied t o Xy lo s nza m oom os a w h i l e
.

m 25 fi ( H si ye h t ung c h i ng) i s referred t o f lex znteg m

,
'
'
- - - ‘
.
21 4 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

In M a nc h u ria t he nzzs /Zeto o i s cal led 95 5H b ut h ere agai n i ts ,

”
ge n era l se nse o f evergree n i s m ea n t T h e w ood o f t h i s
“
.

H ex i s w h i te bea u tifu l l y ve i ned a n d w as f or m erl y used fo r

, ,

m ak i ng th e i v ory l i ke tablets w h i c h o fli c i a l s h el d be fore th ei r

-

breasts at I m per i al a ud ie n ces I t bears s m al l w h i te fl owers .

,

a nd red berr i es o f th e size o f a pea T h e l ea v es w i l l d ye a .

d ark red col or Th e y o u n g sh oo t s are so m e ti m es used for food

. .

Th e seeds bark a n d leaves a re used i n m ed ici n e

, ,
T h e two .

for m er d i gested i n w i n e are used a s car m i nat i v e a nd to n ic

, ,

re m e dies Th e ash es o f th e latter are u sed i n ski n d iseases a nd

.

p o iso n ed w o un ds A spiri t prepared fro m t h e seeds is h i gh l y

.

reco mm e nded t o b e t ake n i n h e morrh oids .

I LLI C I U M A N I S A T U M —i \ fi fi fi ( P a c h i o h ui
‘
- -
.

S ta r a n zse is co n fo un ded w i th ta g fi H
’

h sia n g ) 9 2 8 ,
.
( u ai
h sia n g ) i n th e P é ntsa o Th is l atte r i s a n u m bell i fero u s p la n t .
,

m os t probabl y P znzp zn e ll d a n zs nnz w i th w h ic h t h e des c ri pt io n

' ' ’

i n t he P e n ts a o agrees T h e pla n t w h i ch prod uces th e star

‘

a n ise d oes n o t see m t o h ave bee n very w el l k n ow n to C h i nese

bota n ists a n d t hei r id e nt i fi catio n o f th i s d r ug see m s to h a v e
,

depe n ded largel y u po n t h e ch arac ter i st i c od or I t i s bro ugh t .

i n sea goi n g j u nk s pri n ci pal l y t o Ca n to n a n d for t h is reaso n i s

-
,

cal led {3g i f i ( P o h ui h sia n g ) I t is pres u m ed t h at i t co m es

- -
.

fro m t h e E as t I n dies or J apa n al th o u gh i t is sa i d t o gro w i n ,

K ua ngs i A l l th at i s sai d abo ut th e pl a n t is th a t i t is d i ff ere n t

.

f ro m t h e n a ti ve Eff é: ( H ui hs ia n g ) i n e very respec t except th e

“ -

od or . I n t h e A p pe nd ix t o t h e P é n ts a o w h ere i t i s cal led ,

A Q ( M u p a ch io ) a - t olerabl -e descri p t i o n o
,
f th e s h r u b is
' ’

i v e I t is l i ke ed t o H nzzn a bzl zs i n ap peara n ce

' '

zozs on s
‘

g n . n .

T h e seeds are reco m m e nded i n co nst i pati o n a nd as a di u reti c , ,

i n l u m bago h er n ia extrop h y o f t h e bladder a nd t h e l i k e

, , ,
.

T h ere is a A Q ( Ts ao p a ch io ) w h ic h see m s t o be a
‘ - -

s m al ler v ariety of t h e s h r u b I t certa i n l y is n ot a n um bel l i fer . .

T h e s t ar a n ise fr u i ts as th ey ap pear i n co m m erce prese n t

-
, ,

t h e rad iate star l i k e arra nge me n t o f th e e igh t f ol i c les fro m

,
-
,

w h i ch appeara n ce th ey recei v e t h ei r n a m e E ac h o f th e .

f ol i c l es is co m pressed lateral l y boat sh aped ro u gh e ned a nd ,

-
, ,

O pe n s m ore or less a t t h e t op d iscl os i ng a s h i n i ng yel l o w , , ,

o v a te sol i t ary seed i n t he s moo th ca v i ty

,
T h e fr ui t s v ary .
21 6 C H I N E S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

bod ies i n th e th roat —c opper c oi ns a n d oth er m etals t h a t h ave

bee n i n ad v erta n tl y s wall owed — as wel l as i n th or n s a n d spl i n ters
i n t h e fles h I t is sa i d th at i f th e w h i te fl o wers are m i xed
.

w i t h t h e l eaves a nd root a n d a l l beate n i n to a p ul p a nd r u bbe d

,

i n to th e fo u r c a n th i ( fl) o f a s ic k h orse s ey e t h e h orse w i l l
’
,

break i n to a s wea t a nd i m m ed iatel y reco v er .

I M P E R A T A AR U N D I N A C E A —g ( Pai m ao) L i .
-
.

S h i h C h e n says
-
T h is pla n t i s s h or t a n d s m al l
“
I n t h e t h i rd .

m o nt h i t bear s pa n icles of w h i te fl owers f ol l owed by t h e ,

fr u i ts . T h e roo t is w h i te v ery l o n g flex ible l i k e a t e n do n, , ,

provided w i t h j o i n ts a nd o f a s wee t t as t e , T h e c o m mo n .

peop le cal l th e pl a n t $5 ( S s tI m a o ) fl oss grass I t i s use d

’ ‘
5 -
.
, ,

f o r th at c h i n g h o u ses It fu r n ish es t h e d r ug 3 : ifi ( M ao k en)

.
‘ -
,

sp ok e n o f i n t h e P é n ofzzng
'

A t n i gh t th e dry root g i v es o ut a
.

”
l i gh t a nd a fter decay i n g ch a n ges i n to glo w w or ms
, ,
T h e root .
,

3; 133: 1 ( M ao k en
)
-
8 2 5 i s,
u sed i n m ed i c,
i n e To i t are ascr i bed .

restorat i ve to n i c h e m ost a ti c as tr i n ge n t a n t i febr i le d i u reti c

, , , , , ,

a n d a n t i v i n o u s propert i es I t is prescri bed i n f evers n a u sea

.
, ,

dropsy d u e t o weak n ess j a u n d i c e asth m a h e m at uria n osebleed

, , , , ,

a n d th e l i ke Th e spro u ts o f t h e p la n t w h ic h sh oot fort h i n

.

th e S pri n g are l i ke ne d to n eedles a n d are t h erefore cal led 51 ,

( M ao -
C h en) These
. are regard ed as sol ve n t to oth er food a n d

th i rs t rel iev i n g T hey are also prescr i bed i n h e m orrhages a nd

.

w o u n ds Th e flo wers are s i m il arl y re gar ded T h e ro t ted grass

. .

fro m a th a t c h i s boi l ed w i t h w i n e a n d used i n th e trea t m e n t o f

h e m optys i s a nd th e bi tes o f poiso n o us i n sec t s I t i s also pre .

s c ribed i n v ag i n is m us obsti pati o n a nd ot h er u r ge n t di ffi c u l ties

, ,
.

I N C ARV I LL E A SI N E N S I S — fi fig? ( C h io h ao) T h is .

-
.

i s n a m ed f o r Fath er Pet r u s d I nc a r v i l le w h o l i ved a t Pe k i n g ’

,

fro m 1 7 4 0 t o 1 7 57 d u ri ng w h i c h period h e d i d m uc h researc h

,

i n th e fl ora a n d fa u n a o f Ch i n a Th is is a bea u ti fu l b i g no n a c e ons .

pl a n t w i th l arge scar let flo wers fo u n d a t t h e e n d o f s u m me r

, ,

i n th e m o u n tai ns a n d pl ai n s n ear Pek i n g The seeds are a n g u lar .

,

bl a c k a n d rese m bl e th ose o f 5 27 8 726 ap r i cot Th e leaves rese m

,
.

bl e th os e o f a d l u m m on n zor z The pla n t i s co nsidered t o

' ' ’ ’

be s l i gh tl y poiso no u s I t is prescri bed for e v ery for m of sk i n

.

d isease o r u l c er a n d fo r sp o ngy gu m s
,
.
 V EGE T A B L E K I NGDOM . I 7

A n um ber of pl a n ts prod uci n g znd zgo

'

I N D I G O F E RA .
-

are fo u n d i n C h i n a n earl y al l o f w h i ch go by t h e co mm o n ,
”
n a m e of E ?E ( : L an bl u e pl a n t O th er C h i n ese
“
.

n a m es are u sed b u t their s p ec i fi c appli catio n to ge n us or

,

speci es is n ot al w ays c lear Faber calls pk ( Ta c h ’

i n g)
.
-

[ n d zgof é m tzn otor zd a n d s u ch is also t h e id e n t i fi catio n of t h e

' '

C usto ms l ists 1 2 1 8 I n J apa n th e pl a n t w i th t h is C h i nese

,
.

n a m e is j n s tzozd cr zn a toz b u t t he descri ptio n i n t h e P é n ts a o

' ' '

d oes n o t a gree w i th a n aca n th aceo us pla n t H owever i t ma y .

,

be t h e pla n t w h ic h Fort u n e d escribes as bei n g exte nsivel y c u l

ti v ated i n C h e k ia n g pro v i nce for prod uc i n g i n digo a nd w h i c h ,

h e called R u oll za zn d zg m o oz/

l
' ' '

o tzoa be i n g th e sa e as th e S f r an ,

t/ fl n ts o o does n o t m e n ti o n j g
' '

f
oozd z o l zn s of N ees Th e
'

zes a P é .

s a co m m o n
5
$ “ as a n i n d i go beari n g pla n t I t says t h at i t i .

pla n t growi n g to th e h eigh t of t wo or th ree fee t h av i n g a

, ,

ro un d ste m leaves th ree or fo u r i n ch es lo n g dark gree n o n th e

, ,

u pper side a n d paler u nder n ea t h a n d pla c ed i n opposite pai rs at ,

th e u pper j o i nt s of t h e ste m Th e fl owers are red s m al l a nd .

, ,
‘

arra n ged i n cory m bs T h e fr ui t is a t fi rst gree n b ut afterwards

.
,

t ur n s red a nd rese mbles t h a t of Z a n tnoxy l zmz T h e stal k a nd

,
.

l eaves are used i n m ed ici n e a n d t h ey are co nsidered t o be a n ti ,

f ebr i le a nd a n ti do t al T h ey are e m ployed i n al l sorts of febri le

.

epide m i cs i ncl ud i ng t yp h oid fe v er a nd epide mi c dyse n tery

,
.

A noth er n a m e assig n ed to [ n d zlgof om tzna or za is g

' '
‘

( M u -
l am
) . T h is is a leg u m i n o u s sh r u b c u lti vated i n t h e so u t h
of C h i n a a n d I ndi a I t i s d escribed i n t h e P é n ts a o as h a v i ng
.

leaves rese mbl i n g th ose o f t h e S oph er a w i th pal e red fl o wers , ,

follo wed by pods a n i n ch or m ore lo n g 325 755 2 ( S u n g la m) i s .

-

[ s o ns tzn otor za th e woo d of w ester n dyers

' ’

, I n J apa n t here is .

a n ot h er spe c ies called £1: fi j : ( C h ia n g n a n ta a nd - -

j u d g i n g f ro m i ts n a m e to be fo u n d i n C h i n a also ,
w h ich is ,

ide n ti fi ed by Fra nc h e t as [ s o tzs j ap on zod

’ '

There i s also 2 g
( Li ao la n ) w h ich is P olyg on u nz f i n d or zn nz Th ese th ree are
'

-
, .

t h e so urce of m ost of t h e i nd igo prod uc ed i n Ch i n a a n d are ,

descr ibed u n der th e ge nera l t er m ( L a n ) i n t h e P én l s a o .

Two ot h er ki n ds are me n t io ned called 5 ( M a Ia n ) a n d a E ,

-

( Wu Ia n ) b u t th ese are probabl y o n ly var i et i es of the O th ers

-
, .

The fr u i ts of th ese pla n ts are u sed i n me di c i ne They are .

co ns idered to be a ntidotal a n t h el m i n ti c a nd res torati v e , Co n , .

 1 8 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

t i nned us e pre v e n ts th e ha ir fro m fal l i n g a nd rej u ve na t es th e

body . Th e j u i c e of th e br u i sed l eaves is co n s i dered a n t i d otal to
m edi ci nal poiso ns w ol f b i tes a n d arro w w o u n ds ,
-
I t i s also
,
.

appl i ed i n i n sec t st i n gs ca n th aridal bl isters a nd arse n i c c a u , ,

t e r i z a t i o ns Th e .
Eff stal k an d root is rec om m e nded i n ,

m e n str ual d i ffi c u l t i es a n d t h e 5121 E2 "; is co n sidered to be a n a n ti

,

febri le a n d a n tid otal re m edy be i n g prescr ibed i n m uc h t h e ,

sa m e d i ffi c u l ties as th e j : a n d the
5 i ii .

[ n d zgo i tse l f is c al led E f 5

f
34 2
3( L a n t i e n) or m ore properl y -
,

fif ( L a n tie n
) A ccord i g to t h e so o i t i s prepared by
‘

P
‘

j é
‘
-
.n n z

t h row i n g th e pl a n ts i n to pi ts d u g I n th e fi eld m acerati ng th e m ,

i n w ater for o n e n i gh t a f ter w h i c h l i nie 1 5 ad ded a n d t h e w h ole,

w el l beate n up Th e wate r is t h e n draw n O H leavi ng t h e

.
,

th ick dark bl ue i nd i go paste a t t h e botto m t o d ry prepara t ory

, ,

to be i n g placed i n ba m boo bask ets I t is t h e n read y for t h e .

d yer s use
’
Th e froth risi ng t o t h e to p of th ese pits is col lec t
.

ed a nd m ade i n to a n extract cal led fig Y Tie h or fi g

i
E ( )
‘
n u a ,
-

( C h ’
i n g tai )
-
1 94 i,
n i m i tatio n ,
of th e tr u e i n di go for m erl y
bro u gh t fro m Persia I n d ia n i n d igo is also i m ported i n to
.

C h i na as is l ik e w ise M a n i la li q u id i n digo
,
Th e For m osa n .

prod u c t is a n excell e n t d ye b u t is freq u e ntl y m u c h ad u lterated ,

.

I n t h e provi n ce of C h i h l i a very good d ye i s m ad e a nd sol d

u n der t he n a m e o f 75 ? E S
E ( C h i n g tie n ) L i q u i d i n di g o is cal-
led .

bk fi r? ( Sh u i tie n ) d ry
-
i n d i go j:
, i f ( T u tie n
) a n d i n d igo d y e
’ -
,

f (
’
33 i ; Tie n c h i n g) or -
g ( C h i n g tai ) The i n d i go trade is ’
-
.

a pro fi tabl e o ne i n C h i n a si n ce t h e prevai l i n g c ol or o f Ch i nese ,

cl ot hes is m ade w it h th is d ye A l t h o ugh a n il i n e d yes o n .

,
'

acco u n t o f th ei r br i ll ia ncy a nd ch eap ness are h av i n g q ui te a ,

vog ue i n C h i n a th ey w i l l w i th d i fific u l ty s upersede i n di go

, ,

w h ich o n acco un t o f i ts ease O f prod uct io n i ts lo ng u s e by a nd ,

adaptab i li ty to th e tastes o f t h e C h i n ese a n d i ts d urabi li ty as a ,

pi g me n t w il l co n ti nu e t o h old a s tro n g pl ace i n C hi n ese tex til e

,

m a n u fact ures M ed i ci n all y th e co mm o n i nd i go is t h o u gh t to

.
,

h a v e si milar virt ues to th e pl a n ts fro m w h ich i t i s der i v ed t h a t

i s of a n a n t i febri le a n t i poiso n o us astri nge nt a nd a n th e l mi n
, ,
-
, ,

t i c re med y .

Th e fig: ( C h i n g t ai ) or 15 h
’
3 75 ( Ti e n n-
a ) also c al led -
,

fl } ( C h g o fé n origi all y a m e fro m Pers a i t

’
i n k ) -
n -
c ,
i b u t i s ,

n o w m ade i n C h i n a as i nd i cated abo v e ,

I t s medic i na l actio n .
2 20 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

is made a nd floated o n th e w ater Seeds are dropped i n to .

crev i c es i n t he reeds a nd t he pl a n t grows th us d ire c tl y fro m

,

the w ater The p l a n t is said n o t to h ave m u c h taste b u t i s

.
,

cook ed w i th pork a n d is rel ish ed i n th i s w ay

,
I t is co ns i dered .

t o h ave a be ne ficial i n fl ue n ce u po n th e bod y a n d i s used as a n ,

a n tid o t e to poiso ni ng b y a n u n ide n t i fi ed pla n t c al led 2} E ,

( Yeh k o ) or 513 g a: ( H u wa n
-
I t is also reco m me n ded -

i n d i fli c u lt labor .

I P OMCE A B ATA TA S — fi .
‘

, ( K a n s h u) ,
-
l]
L ( S ha n
yu ) . Th e C h i n ese d o n ot d ist i n g u is h clearl y betwee n ta r o,
the a m , a nd t h e s wee t T h e seco n d n a m e gi v e n
above
y p ol a t o .

is properl y B a ta ta s ed n lzs b ut i n t h e P en i s a o i t i s i n cl uded

'

,
’

w i th $ 3? ( S h u yii ) w h ich is D zos eor ea onzngn el ooa

’

-
,
Th e .

pla n t u nder d isc ussio n is m uc h c u lt ivated a t th e so u th a nd i ts

t u bers used as food ; so m eti m es to th e co m plete excl us i o n o f
rice or oth er cereals I t is co nsidered t o h ave a good e ff ec t
.

u po n t he bod y gi vi n g stre ngth a n d espec i all y be n e fi ti ng t h e

, ,

splee n sto m ach a n d k id n ey s H o wever th ose w h o l ive l argel y

, ,
.
,

u po n these a n d ya m s d o n o t see m to be so w el l n o uris he d as do

t h ose w h o l i v e o n r ice .

I R I S E N S A TA n a m e i s also
g ( Li S h ih )
. Th is -
.

writte n ( Li Sh i h) a nd t he pla n t is m e n t io n ed i n t h e
g -
,

L zenz u n der t h i s c h aracter A co m m o n n a m e i s 5

' '

( Ma .

l i n ) 8 0 5 w h i c h at Pek i n g is I r i s oxyp e za l d
, ,
Porter S m i t h .
,

f ol lo wi n g Tatar i n ov w ro n gl y w ri tes t h is 5 E5 ( M a Ia n ) b u t
,
-
,

th is is t h e a s te r T h is pla n t has bl u e or w h i te flowers ; t h e

.

fr u i t is a caps u le a nd t h e seeds rese m ble th ose o f t he h e m p

,
.

The lea v es rese m ble th ose o f A l l zn m b u t are lo n ger a nd

'

t h i ck er .Th e root is l o n g a nd fi bro us a nd th e C h i n ese u se ,

i t to m ak e broo ms or br us h es For th is re aso n i t is cal led .

”
$53 if? ( T ie h sao ch o u )
‘ -
iro n broo m
- Th e fr uits are ,
“
.

prescr i bed i n fevers r h e u mat is m he m orr h ages post part um

, , ,
-

difl i c u l t i es a n d fl uxes
,
T h ey are co nsidered to be d i uret i c
.
,

s t i mula n t to t h e a ppetite astri n ge n t a nd a n tago n isti c to v ege , ,

table a n d a n i mal poiso n s To t h e flowers lea v es a n d roots are

.
, ,

ascribed si m ilar v i rt ues a nd the y are spe c i all y re c o mme n ded

,

a s a n t h el mi n tic re medies I n Japa n fit if}? T ie h sao c h o )

‘
( u - -
.
 V EGE T A B L E K I NGDOM . 22I

is L esped ez a j u ncea a le g u m i n o us pla n t , ,

and dra w i ngs in so me
C h i n ese work s see m to agree w i th th is .

I R I S SI B I R IC A fi ( C h i su n) Th e Ch i nese d o not
.
-
.

d i sti n g uish t h is fro m E] g ( Pai c h a n g ) or g ( Sh u i - ‘

c h ang
‘
A cor n s co l u mn s a n d i t is described i n th e P é n ts a o ,

u n der t h is ti tle A l l th at i s said is th at th ere i s o n e k i n d

.

fo u n d i n easter n C h i n a i n riv ul ets a nd sw a m ps w h ich is cal led ,

by th is n a m e I n od or a n d color i ts root is sai d to rese m bl e

.
,

the g a s ( C h a n g p u ) w h i
‘
ch
g row s a-
m o‘
n g sto n es ( A c or ns

r a m zn en s ) b i ts leaves h a v e n o ce n tral ridge I t i s

’

u t not
g ,
.

eate n b ut i s used as a n expectora nt a nd is also e m pl oyed for

, ,

destroy i n g i n sec t ver m i n .

I R I S T E CT O R U M —jé§ E we i ) A n oth er n a me
.
( Y ii a n -
.

is 5 E ( W u y u a n) -
Th e root is cal led a s
; BE ( Y ii a n
. At
P ek i n g i t is c u l t i vated as a n or n a m e n tal pl a n t un der th e n a m e
o f Q 3 55 ( Ts ao yii la n ) Th e root is sa id t o so m e w h at re
”
‘ - -
.

se m ble gala n gal root h av i n g a y el l o w ski n a n d w h i te fles h

,
.

Wh e n c h e wed i t gi ves a scrat c h y se nsati o n to t h e t hroat Th e

,
.

t aste i s b itter a n d the dr u g is s ligh tly poi so n o us

,
Its m ed i c i n al .

p roperties are re garded as bei n g so m e w hat tra n sce n de n tal ,

be i n g c h iefl y reco mm e nded for dri vi ng a way evi l i n fl u e nce s

a nd m ias m s I t is used i n maras m u s a nd wasti n g d i seases
. .

I XORA S p a
—fig —
jé -
h u a ng -
1i e n ) . Th is i d enti fi c a
’

t io n is s u ggested by Faber . See B a r klza n s za re

p ens .

I X ORA ST R ICT A ( M ai tz ii m u ) T h e na me
.
- -
.

is also w rit te n E 7 k ( M a i tz ti m u ) I t is sa i d t o co m e f ro m - -
.

the m o u nta i n val leys o f Li n g n a n a n d h as a lea f l i ke t ha t o f ,

t h e pers i m m o n I t grows u p w i th a sle nder sh aft t o th e h ei gh t

.

o f abo u t seve n tee n feet I t h as dark gree n l eaves fro m on e t o .

t wo i nc hes lo n g a n d i ts bra n c hes h ave a p u rpl is h c ol or

,
Th e .

fl ow ers are red a nd i n c l u sters Th e seeds are bla c k a nd .

S h i n i n g a n d rese m bl e Z a n t/
zox l n nz seeds Th e ste m s are t h e
, y .

par t s u sed i n m ed i c i n e a n d are reco mm e n ded i n br u ises ex, ,

t ra va s a t ed blood a n d w o u n ds Th e dr ug is sa i d be be n e fi c ia l
, .

to t h e bo ne m arro w t o be a nody n e a nd q u iet i ng t o th e

, ,

p reg n a n t u ter us .
 222 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

J A S M I N U M N U D IFL OR U M g 75 ( Yi n g h u n .
-c ‘

h ua) Th is is c u lt i vated e v ery w h ere i n gard e ns

. It is the .

sa me as t h e j a s mzn n nz s zeoo ld za n n nz Th e Ch i n ese n a m e is

' ' ’

a lso appl ied to th e M ag n ol i a con sp zcn a

'

I t flowers very earl y .

i n th e spri ng be fore th e l eaves c o m e ; th e flo wer so m e wh a t

rese m bl i n g th at o f th e D ap h n e a n d be i n g yel low i n c ol or , .

Th e leaves are used i n m ed ici n e as a di ap horeti c i n fevers

a n d w o u n ds .

J A S M I N U M O FFI CI N A L E § ( S o h si n g ) I n the .
-
.

P en l s a o th i s i s d es c ribe d i n a foot n ote t o t h e art i cle o n [ a s -

nzzn n nz s a nzoo c w h ere i t i s s tated th at th e pla n t is of fore i g n

'

or i gi n a n d i s also cal led HIS i t}

, ( Y eh h s i m i n g ) a n d,E 35 - - »
1
'
7

( Y eh hs
-
i m i ) e it her
-
o f w h i c h i s a good tra n sl i terat i o n of th e
,

A rab i c y és nzzn or th e Pers i a n y as m zn

’ '

The flo wers are o f .

t w o c ol ors w h i te a n d y el l ow ide n ti fi ed by th e Japa n ese as

, ,

or n nz a n d f a s nzzn zm z or zd m n respe c tive l y

fl
s zn zn n m g r a n d z fl
’ '

j a .

T he Oi l of j a s m zn e i s expressed fro m t h e flo wers o f t h i s as

'

w el l as fro m th ose o f f a s nzzn n nz s a nzone Th e m ed ici nal u ses

’

are no t d ist i ng u ish ed fro m th ose of th e latter .

J A S M I N U M SAMBA C ( MO l i) Th is pla n t is
.
-
.

n o w w el l k n o w n i n C h i n a b u t i s of foreig n p robabl y Pers i a n

, , ,

or i gi n Th i s is i nd icate d by t h e fa c t tha t a n u m ber o f very

.

d i ff ere n t ch aracters o f si m i l ar so u n d are u sed for th e n a m e o f

t h e pl a n t al l approach i n g i n so u n d th ose g i ve n above
,
So .

i t i s p rob able t h a t t hey are al l tra n sl i terati o n s O f so m e forei g n

na me T h e pl a n t i s ex ceed i n gly p op u lar o n a c c o u n t o f t h e
.

fragra n ce o f i ts bea u ti fu l w h i te fl owers a n d i t i s th ere fore ,

c u l ti vated i n al l pleas u re garde n s A so n g t h e t u n e O f w h i c h .

,

i s probabl y t h e m ost pop u l ar a m o n g C h i n ese a irs wa s c o m ,

posed prais i n g th e fra gra nc e a n d bea u t y o f th is flo wer A ny .

C h i n ese w i l l pl ay or s i n g th is a i r i f ask ed fo r th e M o l i ,
“ -

”
bna . T he pe tals o f th e fl o wer are u sed to sce n t teas a nd to
pre pare c os me ti c s They a re also u sed togeth er w i th th ose o f
.
,

j a s nzzn n nz ofi czn a l e i n t he m a n u fac t ure o f t h e Oi l of /a s nzzn e

' ’ '

.
,
2 24 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

t r e e is sa i d n o w to grow i n n earl y al l o f th e n orth er n pro v i nces .

The n u ts are n ot regarded as be i n g very w h o l eso m e b ut th i s ,

i s d u e to i ts s u pposed alch e m i c rel at i o ns ; n everth eless th e ,

e ffe c ts of t he n u ts w h e n i n gested see m to be rath er good th a n

o th erw ise bei n g said to prod u ce pl u m p n ess stre ngthe n i n g a nd
, ,

l u bri c ati n g t h e m u scles a n d i n creasi n g t h e bla c k n ess Of th e

,

h air . Th ey are also co nsidered to be d i u ret ic a n ti l i t h i c a nd , ,

st i m u la n t to the k id n eys a n d l u ngs Th ey are reco m m e nded .

i n h eartb u r n col ic d yse n tery a n d i n testi n a l i n t oxi ca ti o n s

, , , .

Th e o i l O f wa l n u t seeds is used as a n a n t h el m i n t i c a nd as a n
a ppl i c ati o n to severa l k i n ds o f sk i n d iseases i nc l u d i n g e c ze m a , ,

c h a n cre a n d fa v us a nd i s appl ied to t h e h air as a po m ad e

, , .

T he per i c arp see m s to fu r n ish a n O i ly j u i ce wh i c h i s u sed ,

as a h air a nd w h isk er d y e T h e bark of th e tree a n d root as

.
,

wel l as th e h ard shel l o f t h e n u ts are u sed as astri n ge n t re m ,

e dies a n d al so for dyei n g th e h a i r a n d w h i skers a n d s u m mer

,

grass cloth-
A n oth er species cal led [ I] fill Eli Sh a n h u
.
,
{ -

is spoke n o f u n der th is h eadi ng a nd i s no t d i sti n g u ished fro m ,

th e oth er i n i ts medi c a l uses

'

T h is is j ug l a n s s zeool d za n a
'

. .

J U N CU S C O M M U N I S j u n cns efln s n s —f§ at, g ( Ten g,

.
*

h si n T his sed ge gro ws ple n t i ful l y i n th e m arsh es o f

ce n tra l C h i n a a nd is used for m ak i n g m a t s a n d la m p w icks
, .

I ts a ppeara nce w h e n grow i n g gi ves rise to i ts co m m o n n a m e ,

H ”
E f
?
g ( u h s ii -
tiger beard grass
“
The stal ks
-
are -
.

stea m ed a n d t h e c u ticle peeled O ff leavi ng th e ce n tral w h ite ,

p ith w h i c h is so m eti m es used to keep fi s tu l o us sores O pe n i n

,

order to m a ke the m h eal fro m t h e botto m I t i s also m uc h .

u sed to prepare a m e n str u u m for oth er d r ugs I t is sa i d to be .

a n ti l ith i c d i u re ti c pe c toral l e n i ti ve seda t i ve deri vat i ve a nd

, , , , , ,

d is c u ti e n t Th e ashes of a la m p w i ck are placed upo n a

.

m other s n i pples a nd t h u s ad m i ni stered to a n u rs i n g c h ild for

’
,

t h e rel ie f o f n i gh t cry i ng T h e C h i nese w at c h t h e grow th o f

.

th e flo we r l i ke s n u ff of la m ps a nd ca nd les a nd dra w o m i n o us
-
,

co n cl us i o n s fro m i ts appeara nce .

H —
J U N I P E R U S C I N E N SI S 1@ ( K u ei ) T h is is a tall , . .

stra i gh t tree , ve ry c o mm o n i n the n orth er n prov i nc es of C h i n a .

A re markable t h i ng abo ut th is t ree is t h e d i morp h is m O f i ts

 V E GE T AB L E K I NGDO M . 22 5

l e ave s G e n e ral l y th ese rese m ble t h e l eaves of th e co m m o n

.
,

c y press w h i c h ar e s c al e l i k e a n d appressed b ut freq ue n tly on

,
-
,

th e sa m e tree w il l be fo u n d spread i n g a c i c u l ar leaves a nd i n , ,

rare i n s ta n c es th e tree h as o n l y th is sort of leaves W h e n i t h as .

o n l y s u c h leaves i t i s c a lled i fi ( K u ai ) Th e w ood o f t h e

,
.

t ree is q u i te res i n o u s a n d t h e fr u i ts are gl ob u lar co nsti t u t i ng ,

t h e j u mper be r r i es Th e Ch i n ese d o n ot disti ng uish th is

.

tree a t l east i n its m ed ic i nal V i rt ues f ro m Tl nlj a or zen l a lzs

' '

, ,

( w h i ch see ) .

J U STIC I A GE N D A RU S S A A —
i n c h iao ) 1 7 0
fi $5 ( C h ‘ -
, .

Th is ide n ti fi cati o n is exceedi n gl y d o u btfu l Th e pl a n t descr ibe d .

i n th e P e/zl s a o i s i n al l probabi li ty o ne of th e A ca n th ace ae It .

gro ws i n th e m o u n tai n val leys of Szech u a n Th e root i s o f .

a dark y el low color tw isted a nd co n torted a nd abo ut o ne foo t

, ,

l ong . Th e l e a ves are said t o rese m bl e lett u ce l ea v es Th e .

r oo t is th e par t u sed i n m edi ci n e a nd i t is v ery bi tter i n taste ,

.

I t i s bo i led i n m i l k a nd g i ve n i n r he um atis m dys u ria fe v er , , ,

carb u n c l e j a u n dice a nd d iarr h oeas

, D i ureti c a n d diaph oreti c
, .

pro p ert i es belo n g to t h is dr ug as w el l as cooli ng a nd a n ody ne ,

q u al i ties .

J U STIC I A P R OCU M B E N S —Q fi ( C h io c h u a ng ) O t h er r
- .

f BR
n a m es ar e g i ve n t o th i s c ree p i n g pl a n t a m o n g w h i ch is I ,
.

25 {I
} fié ( C h i h y en l ao m u
‘
-
red eye-
d o l d m
-
othe r “ -

”
pla n t .I t grow s i n t he r i ver vall ey s of Ce n tral C h i n a i n ol d ,

fi elds a n d waste pla c es Th e odor i s u n plea sa n t . Th e w h ol e .

pla n t i s u sed i n deco c ti o n i n backa c h e pl eth ora a nd flat ul e nce , ,

.

I n Japa n t h is C h i n ese na m e i s applied t o M os l a fin n cl a l a a ,

.

labiate pla n t .
2 26 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M E D I C A .

K .

KA D SU RA C H I N E N SI S [H
e ( W u w e i tz ii l .
- -
.

Properly th ese C h i n ese ch ara c ters are appl ied to S c/

'

zzz a n d r a

a n d th e pl a n t w i ll be descr i bed u n de r th a t t i tle .

Th ese m ag n ol iaceo u s ge n era are s o nearly al i k e tha t th e C h i nese

d o n ot r ead il y d i sti n g u ish th e m Th e [ ( a d s n r a i s fo u nd i n .

J apa n w h ere i t is d i st i n g u ished as

, 5 D } ( N a n w u we i ) , ;
- -
,

referri n g t o t h e fact t h at i t is fo u n d i n So u th C h i n a w h il e th e ,

S c/ be i n g fo u n d m ost ple n t i fu ll y i n N ort h C h i n a a n d

'

zze a n d r a ,

K orea is cal led i t 5 fig ( Pe i w u we i ) 1 4 7 7

, ,
- -
,
.

K E M P F E RI A ( S h a n na i ) 1 06
GA LA N GA 3 .
—u
]
-
, ,

m fifi
i ( S ha n la i ) E 5
3 2 ( S a n na i
-
) T h e,
fragra n t war m roots of -
.
,

A lp zn za a n d m pf er za are grow n i n th e so u t h o f C h i n a a nd
' ' ’

exported u n der t h e ge n eral n a m e o f Cafi oor Ca l c/ ze r

y w h i ch ,

i s n ot a very h appy al terat i o n of th e H i n d u sta n i n a m e O f t h i s

”
d r u g kaf n r kn clzr z r o ot o f ca m p h or Th e root is m e t w i t h
’

-
“
.
, ,

i n sh ops i n flat obl o n g or ro u nd d isks fro m a h al f i n c h to a n

, , ,

i nc h i n d ia m eter E x ter n al l y th ey are covered w i t h a reddis h

.
,

y el lo w sh ri veled epider m is I n ter n al ly th ey are w h i te So m e

,
.
,
.

o f th e pie c es are very irreg u lar i n sh a pe a n d bra n c h ed Th e ,

.

odor is ca m ph oraceo u s b u t pleasa n t a nd th e taste is war m a n d , ,

aro mati c Th e p la n t i s l i ke n ed to g i n ger a n d th e root is eate n

.
,

as a rel ish I t is c red i ted w i th st i m u l a n t sto m a c h i c car m i na

.
, ,

t i v e prop hy lacti c a nd si m i lar properti es I t i s pr i n c i pal l y u sed

, , .

as a re m ed y i n tooth a c h e or as a w ash i n da nd r uff o r scabs ,

u po n th e h ead I t ap pe a rs t o destroy l ice a nd ped i c u l i D r

. . .

W i ll i a m s says : I t i s exported fro m Ca n to n a nd S watow t o

“

I n di a Persia a n d A rabia w h ere i t is u sed i n perfu m ery a nd

, , ,

”
m ed i c i ne a n d also to preserve c l oth es fro m i n se c ts
,
I t i s so m e .

t i m es id en ti fied w i th fi ? Li e h i a g ) w h i h is a so m ew h a t
”

g ( n c n c -
,

si m i lar s c ita m i n eo u s root us ed i n th e so uth as a re m edy i n

m
,

pyrosis Th e c hara c ter i s s o m et i m es i m properl y wr i tte n 32

“

.
,

a n d i t i s properl y w ritte n
fl Th e co u n try o f F u l i n w h i c h is .
-
,

probabl y S yria is sa i d to h ave a pla n t y i eld i n g a root l i k e

,

th at of K w /npf e r za fro m th e flowers o f w h i c h i s prod u ce d

'

a n o i l us e d for a n oi n t i n t h e body i n f ebri le d i fli c u l t i es

g .
2 28 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

h a v i ng yel low fl o wers a nd a fr ui t l i k e t hat o f P /z s a l i s a l keken i

y g .

T h e f r ui t caps u les o f t h is tree are bladderl i ke a nd c o n tai n ,

bl ac k seeds th e size o f a s mal l pea

,
Th e flo wers are u se d for .

d y e i ng yel low th e l ea v es fo r d yei ng black a nd t he se ed s are

, ,

m ade i n to beads Th e seeds are c al led 7k Q

.
( M u l u a n tz u), - -

b u t a t Pek i n g t h ey a re m i scal led 7K ifi ( Mu l a n t z ii ) a n d - -

,

t h e tree 7k fig ( M u l a n ya ) The flo wers are th e parts u sed

- -
.

i n med i c i n e i n e pip h ora a n d co nj u n cti v itis

,
T h e dr ug s ee ms .

t o be e mpl oyed o n ly as a n eye m ed ici n e .

K Y LL I NG I A M ON OC E P H A L A 4 a ( Ch i n n i u .
—fi ”

1 -

t s ao ) 1 55 is th e ide n ti fi catio n o f th e C u sto m s l i sts b u t u po n

‘
, , ,

w h at a u th ority does n ot appear The H a nk ow l ists cal l t h is .

”
: Q 1 ( Tz fi c h i n
’
A rd i s i a j ap on i ca w h ic h i n Fabe r s l i st i s 42
,
4: -

n i u) .Wh at is spoke n o f u nder thi s ter m i n the P é n l s a o does

n ot a n swer w el l to th e descri ptio n o f Ky ll i ng i a o r i nd eed O f ,

a n y cy peraceo u s pla n t b u t d oes approac h th at o f a m yrs i n aceo us

,

o ne . S o i ts med ici na l v irt u es w i l l be me n ti o n ed i n the A d

d e nda under t h e ti t le o f A r d i s i a I n Japa n [ ( y l l i ng i a nzon ocep /
. z

a l a is j k E i
l } ( S h i w k g) d i th e A ppe d i x to the
i
f u n u n a n - n -
n ,
,

P en zs a o i s m e n tio n ed i s
‘
( W u k u ng ce n ti pede -
“

”
l i k e d uck weed - w h ich fro m th e descr i p t i o n is ev i de n tl y a
,

sed ge a n d m a y be Ky ll zng i a
,
I n se c ts d o n o t l ike th e odor o f
.

th is pla n t so i t is dr i ed a n d b u r n ed i n bed roo m s a nd abo u t

,
-

beds to prod uce a s m oke w h ich is sa id to d rive a way all s orts

,

o f parasitic i nsects .
 VEGE T A B L E K I NG DOM . 2 29

L .

L A CT U C A — é E ( P a i c h u ) E E ( Sh i h c h u ) é fi
.
-
,
-
,

P en l s a o says th a t E] g 5 125 ( K u c h u
+ “

( S hé ng Th e ,
‘ -
,

poss i bl y Ci clzor i n nz en d zv i a ) a nd F3} ( VV o c h u L a cl zzca s a l i v a

, ) -
,

sh o u ld no t be cook e d b u t sh o u ld be ea te n raw w i th sal t a nd

,

F or th is reaso n th ey are c al led Q 2; ra w v e e

“
v i negar .
g
”
Th e n a m e Em : ( P a ) is als o g i ve n fo r th is pla n t b u t
'
tabl e . ,

t h i s i s a n error ; i t sh o ul d be 5 ( C h i )4
Faber c al ls {3 E .

L a cl a ca a l biflor a b u t th i s does n o t a gree w it h th e P en /

,
m o as ,
“
t h e pl a n t t h e re d es c ribed bears y el lo w flo wers Th e w h ite .

re fe rs to th e l ea ves w h i ch are sl i gh tl y h i rs u te
,
Tw o c rops .

are grow n i n th e y ear : o ne be i n g s o w n i n th e fi rst o r se c o n d

m oo n a n d th e oth er fro m th e eigh th t o th e te n th m oo n
,
Two .

oth er v a r ie t i es are m e n ti o n ed c a l led 5: ( Tz i i c h ii ) a nd 5

“
"
-
,

K u ch ii ) respe c tivel y Th e for m er i s so m eti m es m i xed w it h

(
‘ - .

c l ay i n m a k i n g pottery prod u ci n g a n i m i tatio n c opper Th ese

,
.

are both probabl y o n l y variet i es o f L a c l a ca s a l i va The .

a c t i o n o f t h i s lett u c e i s co n sid ered to be h igh l y be ne fi c ial ,

to n i ng u p th e s i n e ws d ispel l i n g fla t us a id i n g th e c i r c u la t i o n
, , ,

s tre n gth e n i n g t h e i n tel lect correc ti n g p oiso ns rel i e v i n g th i rst

, , ,

a n d ope n i n g t h e e m u n ctor i es Th e ex pressed j u i ce o f th e

.

stal k i s i n st i l led i n to th e i n ter i or o f a b u bo a fte r i t h as bee n

ope n ed a n d t h e p us re m ov ed .

I n th e art i cle o n ES 5 ( Wo c h u ) also ca ll ed E; 1332 ( W0 -

,

ts ai ) a nd T Q
‘
( C h ie n ch i n
‘
a n d wh ic h is al so L a ct u ca
-

s a l i va th e P en l s a o says th at i t w as bro u gh t to C h i n a fro m a

,

1
c o u n try call ed
51 ( K u a 15 K u o i n th
,
e t i m e o f t he Han
d y n asty Th e e n voys w h o bro ugh t i t recei ved s uc h a r ic h
.

i "
re ward t h a t th e pla n t wa s cal led f Q ( C h i e n ch i n
‘ -

”
“
th o u sa n d o u n c es of gol d v e ge table fro m th is fa ct I t is , .

c u l tiv a ted i n the sa m e m a nn er as t he Q 5 a n d is fo u n d i n

“

t w o varie ties — th e wh i te a nd th e p u rple Th e seed stal k w h e n .

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i t fi rst sh oots u p is eate n u n der t h e n a m e o f F% a; ( Wo s u n)

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c u c u m ber Th e ac t i o n of th i s pl a n t u po n th e bod y i s c o n
.

s i d e re d to be i de n ti cal w i t h tha t o f P a i cli ii b u t i t i s m ore -

,

h igh l y regarded as a d i ure ti c a nd parasi ticid e I nsects d o n ot .

2 30 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

see m to l ike th e j u i c e a n d i f i t i s d ropped i n t o th e ear w h e n

,

a n i n se c t h as e n tered tha t c av i ty t h e i n se c t w i l l be dr i ve n o u t ,
.

T h e seeds are c o n s i dered t o be gala c ta gog u e a nd a n ody n e .

T he y are prescr i bed i n sw el l i n g o f th e ge n i tals a n d t o m ak e

t h e h ai r grow o n s c ar t i ss u e .

A n ot he r arti c le i n t h e P é /zl s a o g i ves u s E ii i ( K u : ‘

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a th oro u gh c o n fo u nd i n g of ge n era as wel l as o f spe c i es at t h e ,

l east C i r/ tan n in L a ct u ca a nd S an a/ms be i n g i n a l l probab i li ty

, ,

i n cl u ded a m o n g t h i s l arge n u m ber o f n a m es T hese ge n era .

are very s i m i lar rese m b l i n g each oth er i n th e i r ge n eral a ppe a r

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a n c e i n flores c e n ce a nd m i l k y sap as wel l as i n th e m ore o r

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less bi tter i sh taste o f m ost o f th e spe c ies E a nd a
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p robabl y Czc/ zo r zzzm e zzd i v za o r C i t / H

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t o be u n i for m l y referred to S a ne/ms a nd i n j apa n

K u Zs a z i s u se d as a sy n o n y m Th i s l ast te r m is freq ue n tl y
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u sed i n th e se n se o f b i tter vege tabl e s o c a n n ot al w ays be
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co n s idered a s a d i st i n cti ve te r m A c c ord i n g t o Li Sh i h c h e n .

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t h e leaves o f t h i s p la n t c lasp th e ste m a n d th is w o u ld i n di cate ,

th at w h a t h e m ea n t was a S a m / ms Th e act i o n o f t h i s y ege .

t able u po n t he bod y is m u ch th e sa me as th at o f th e last b u t ,

i ts m ed ic i n al vi rt u es are c o nsidered to be m u c h greater Pro .

l o n ged u s e i s th o ugh t to be h i gh l y be n e fi c ial preserv i n g y o ut h ,

a nd v i tal i ty Th e ex pressed j u i ce is m u c h regarded as a n

.

appl i c a tio n to boils abscesses a n d carb u ncles a n d i f p u t u po n

, , ,

w arts w i l l ca u se th e m to d rop o ff I t i s also u sed i n s n ak e .

bi te a n d bleed i n g pil es Th e r oot i s pres c ri bed i n fl u xes a n d

.

h e m at u ria . Th e fl owers a n d seeds are u sed as a n a n ti febri l e

a n d q u ieti n g re m e d y a n d i n a u n d ice
j ,
.

L A CTUC A D E B I LI S 7] H ( C h ie n ta o k u
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i s a n oth er k i n d o f l ett u c e th at i s eate n raw a n d i s also m ade ,

i n to p ick le N o m ed i c i n al v ir t ues are ascr i bed to i t

. .

L A CTUC A D E N T I CUL A T A —7k a g ( Sh ui k u m a i )

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: -
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. .

T h is is a J apa n ese ide n ti fi catio n O th er n a mes are 55

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 232 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

L A T H Y R U S M A R I TI M U S — E}? 353 E ( Yeh wa n to u) - -

.

I n t h e P é /zzs a o th i s is d i s c ussed u n der th e ter m 13} W e i

( ) a nd
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part of th e des c r i ptio n ev i de n tl y re fers t o a leg u m i n o us pla n t ,

a l th o u gh th i s l atter c h ara c ter i s m ore properl y a ppl i ed t o a

fer n ( Os nn i a a a r eg a l i s ) I n Pe k i n g th e sa m e ter m i s used for
’
.

Li ma g iga m ea I n J apa n th e c lassi fi c at i o n at th e h ead o f th i s

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a rt i c l e i s t h e re c og n i sed o n e al th o u gh l% ( C h iao ya o) i s also

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c a l led L a f / i i zzs m a r i ti m zzs a n d Vzcza lzi z s m a I n th e P é m s a o

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t h e pla n t u n der co ns i derat i o n i s sa i d t o gro w by river c o u rses

a n d o n m arsh y gro u n d a l th o u gh th ere i s sa i d t o be a h i gh l a nd
,

variety . I t i s u sed as a pot h er b a n d u po n prol o n ged u s e i t i s

-
,

said to be very n o u r i sh i n g a nd to grea tl y be n e fi t th e i n test i n a l

tract I t i s also th o u gh t to be to n i c to th e u r i n ary orga n s
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L A W S ON I A A L B A —g g $5 F fi (J a n c h i h ch i a
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grows al l over S o u th C h i n a i s u sed by w o m e n a n d c h i ldre n as ,

a fi n ge r n a i l d ve ; h e n c e th e C h i n ese n a m es t h e se c o n d of
-
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w h i c h i s i n i m i tati o n o f th e A rab i a n li e 7i 7za I n th e P é m s a o .

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th ese Ch i nese n a m es are m e n t i o n ed u n der th e ar t i c l e o n [ m

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p
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u sed i n c o m b i n a tio n w i th al u m as a fi n ger n a i l d ye B ut n o -

.

d es c ri pt i o n of L a w s on i a i s there gi ve n I n I n d ia th e y ellow is h .

w h i te flowers o f t h i s pla n t are used toge th er w i th th e l eaves , ,

i n prepar i n g a n extra c t w h i c h i s u sed as a re m ed y fo r l eprosy .

Th e l eaves c o n ta i n gal l i c a c id a n d are th ere fore astr i n ge n t ,

.

T he y are u sed by th e n ati ves o f I n d i a fo r m ak i n g a p o u l ti c e

”
t o be appl i ed to br u i ses a n d b u r n i n g fee t I t i s probabl e
“
.

t ha t th e pla n t was i n trod u c ed i n to Ch i n a fro m I nd i a or A rab i a

a t a v ery earl y period Th e pla n t ma y i n deed be A n ck u s a
.

( A M a 72 1 i a
) i
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U n der th e n a m e of it? I? Y u a ) th e P é i zts a o

E( C h i h ch ia h
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,

m e n tio n s a pla n t w h ich i t say s rese m bl es 7 k fl ( M u hsi ) -

,

Os ma n i lzzzs f r ag r a i i s i n odor a n d w h i c h bears y el low a n d

‘
, ,

w h i te fl owers a nd is s u peri or to I mp a ti en s ba ls a m i na for dye

,

i n g t h e fi n ger n ai ls Th is m a y re fe r to L a w s o n i a
. I t i s men .

t i o n e d i n t h e P é /i zs a o i n a foot n ote to th e art i cl e o n j a s m i m zm -

fi ci n a l e I n th e K u a ng c/ a ng p a i t recei ves a so m e w h at
o . zi i n
f - -

f u l ler descriptio n as a sh r ub gro w i n g t o t h e h ei gh t o f fi ve or ,

 VEGE T A B L E K I N GDO M . 2 33

si x fee t , as h a v i ng bee n i n trod u ced fro m a forei gn c o unt ry ,

a nd

p robabl y Sy ri a o r Persia d uri n g t he L ia ng dy nas t y , I ts .

fl ow ers are as w h i te as s n ow a nd ve ry fragra n t .

H ENN A — Th e pract i c e of d ye i n g t he fi nger n ails a nd

.
,

o f usi n g s i m i l ar pig m e n t u po n oth er parts of th e bod y p re v ai l s ,

t o so m e ex te n t i n C h i n a espe c i al ly a m o ng w o m e n a nd ch i ldre n
, .

I n t h e so u th L a ws on i a a l ba a n d p oss i bl y A n c/ za s a zi n czor i a
‘

, ,

are used a n d i n th e n orth I mp a t i e n s ba l s a m i na i n co mbi natio n

,

w i th al u m Th e flowers o f a t e rn s troem i a c eo u s pla n t called

.
,

7K fl( Sh u i m u h s i ) are a lso-
u-
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.

w h ich needs dail y re n e wal P rac tice varies as to t h e n u m ber

.

o f fi ngers treated i n th is way A circ u lar spo t o f ro uge or .

h e n n a is o fte n to be see n betwee n t he eyes o r u po n th e ch ee ks ,

o r forehead o f C h i n ese ch i ldre n

,
espe c i a ll y gi rls Th ere is a ,
.

trad itio n th at t h i s m ark was orig i nal l y a s i gn of t h e separa tio n

”
of wo m e n d u ri n g th e u n cl ea n n ess o f m e n str u atio n
“
In .

E gy pt th e L a ws om a is col lec ted a n d u sed a s a dy e a nd is

'

exported t o T u rkey w here i t h as s i m i lar uses a nd is far the r

, ,

e m pl oyed to s tai n t h e m a nes a nd h oo fs o f h orse s .

H EAV E N —g co mm o nl y wri tt e n g] D is t i ller s m .

’

l ea v e n is largely used i n C h i na i n d o m estic operat i o ns T h is .

i s cal led E? ( Ch i u c h iao ) a nd is th e r es i d um le ft a fter t h e

-
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fer me n tatio n process preparatory to d ist i l l i n g S piri ts Se v era l .

k i nds o f l ea v e n appeari ng u n de r th e n a m e gi ve n a t t h e h ea d
o f th i s a r t i c le a nd th at of fig { 3 ( C h i n m u) are descri bed i n
,
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t h e P é n tsa o as bei n g m ade o f barley w hea t or rice Th e , , .

process o f m a n u fac t u re is abo u t th e sa m e i n eac h case The .

cr ushed grai n o r flo u r is m ixed wi th wa t er k neaded i n to d o u g h , ,

w rapped i n th e leaves of th e paper m u l berry a nd h u ng i n th e -

ope n a ir for fro m fi v e to t e n d ays I n o ne k i n d th e w h eat .

fl o ur is m i xed w i th k id n ey bea ns th e j u ice o f P o lyg on u m ( g -

, ,

Liao ,
a n d apri c ot ker n els I t is ma de d ur i n g th e .

d og days ( E { k B S a n fu j i h )
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234 C H I NE SE M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

Th ey are used largel y i n d igesti ve d ist u rba n c es A prepara ti o n .

cal led in? 3g ( S h é n 1 1 2 6 or sp i r i t l eave n i s des c r i b e d

,
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.

I t i s t o be m ad e o n th e fi f th o f th e fi fth m o o n t h e s i xth o f t h e ,

si x t h m oo n o r d u r i n g th e d og d ays a nd i s c o m pos ed o f w h i te
, ,

fl o u r a nd t h e j u ices of w or m wood P iza s eo l a s m a ng o a pr i c o t , ,

k er n els b u r weed a n d w i ld P olyg o mm z c o m po u n ded toge th er

, , ,

w i th t h e geo m a n t i c i n fl ue n c es o f th e w h i te tiger th e a z ure ,

d rago n t h e s c arlet b i rd the bl ack footstep the h i dde n path a nd

, , , ,

th e W i n gless d rago n I t is w rapped i n t h e leaves of t he paper

.

m u lberry a nd h u n g u p i n th e s a m e m a n n er as o th er k i nd s o f
lea v e n I t co m es i n y el lo w c akes t w o i n c hes a n d a h al f lo ng
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,

by o ne i n ch a n d three q uarte rs w id e p ack ed u p very n eat l y , ,

t w o i n a box They are us e d as a pept i c sto m a c h i c a n d c or

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re c ti v e re m edy i n d yspeps i a col i c dyse n tery t h e lea n d isease, , ,

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,
I t i s sa id .

t o h ave th e power o f repress i n g t h e m i l k o f p u erpera l wo m e n .

I ts act i o n is very s i m i l ar to t h a t of m al t A n oth er k i n d o f .

l eave n i s c al led 7; N ii a n d th i s i s si m pl y fer m e n ted

(
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fer m e n tatio n m ad e i n to a very e ffi cie n t for m o f leave n of a

,

red col or w h i c h i s m uc h u sed i n fer m e nt i n g gra i n fo r d i st i l la

,

t io n. Its m ed i c i n al properties ar e th e sa m e as th ose o f th e

o th er for m s b u t i t is spe c ial l y rec o m me nded i n post part um
,
-

d iffi c u l ties a nd th e dyspe p ti c c o nd i tio n s o f ch i l dre n .

L E M NA M I N O R — 7k 332i; ( Sh u i i? 31 (53 F o u

I n th e P é m s a o th ree pla n ts are m ore o r less c o nfo u nd ed

‘ ‘
2
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u n der th is ti tle a large o ne c al led 55 15 ( P i n M a r s i li a ) a n i n

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t e r m e d i a te o n e c all ed $3? ( H si n g L i nm a n i /
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u n der c o n s idera t i o n w h ic h i s the s m al les t o f al l

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k i n d wi th l eaves gree n above a nd reddish p u rpl e be n ea th c all ed -

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fi zz/f a n s H e n ry says th at a sa m pl e o f th e dr u g F oa p i i ig fro m -

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m
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H o n gk o n g w h i c h i s fo u n d i n th e P har a c e u t i c a l M u se u m i n
,

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t h is na me is L e m n a m i n or Cool i ng d i uretic a ntiscorb u ti c

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tio ns . ex t ra c t c al led 337; { r} 75

An } ( I m,
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a nd used i n cases o f d i fl i c u l t o r c o m pl i c ated labor .

L E U C OTH oia
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: G RA Y A N A ( Sh T h is .
- -
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i s a sh r u b w i th l e aves re e m bl i n g t h ose o f th e ch erry b ut s

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n arrow er l o n ger a nd m u c h w ri n k l ed
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i t bears a s mal l y el l ow flower foll owed by th e fr u i t w h i ch is , ,

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.
,

a n d i t is poiso n o us I t i s u sed i n th e treat m e n t o f i t ch r i n g

.
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w or m a nd as a ge n eral parasi t icide Th e C h i n ese n a m e i nd i

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.

cates th at t h is is regarded as a spe c i es o f Ver a zr m /z grow i n g o n ‘

m oist gro u n d Th e roo t i s al so sai d t o be u sed possibly bei n g

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,

i n so me i nsta n ces co n fo u n ded w i th Ver a t r u m root .

L l CH E N S — T h e ch ara cters $35

.

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al g ae . T h e d i ffere n t k i nds are n ot cl earl y d ist i ng u ish ed M os t .

l ich e ns are regarded as cool i n g astri n ge n t prophy lacti c a nd , , ,

a n th el m i nt i c .

LI G U ST R U M LUC I D U M —;f ( E ( N u C h en) 9 1 3 . In -

,
.

th e s mz l mi c/ g the se c o n d c h aracter i s w ri tte n { 5 ( C h en )

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zzn- -
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I t is al so cal led { 5 ( T u n g i n re fere n c e to i ts bei ng a n

e v er gree n (see f l ex ) a nd fifii 753 ( La sh u) i n refere n c e to t h e
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f ac t t h a t i t is th e tree m os t c o mm o n ly i n h ab i ted by th e wax

i nsect Th is tree w i th i ts evergree n l eaves i s regarded as a n
.
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e m ble m of chasti ty ; h e n c e th e na m e fe m al e ch ast i ty ” “

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T h e tree is m os t co m m o n l y k now n h owever by th e , ,

”
las t n a m e wa x tree
,
“
be c a use th e c u l t i vat i o n o f th is
,

t ree f or th e prod ucti o n o f th e w h i te wax is a n ex te n siv e a n d

p ro fi tabl e b u si n ess i n so m e parts o f Ch i n a T h e si m i lari ty .

of t h is tree t o f l ex p ed zm m lom i s n oted by Ch i nese

a ut h ors a nd th e fac t th at g
, ( T u n g c h i ng
) i s u sed -
‘

as a n a m e for bot h serves t o ca u se so m e co n fus i o n betwee n

th ese B ut i t is poi n ted o ut t h a t th e leaves of th e N zZ c/ zé n are
'

-
.

obl o ng fro m fo u r t o fi v e i n c h es l o n g a nd i ts fr u i t i s bl a c k ;
, ,

w h ils t th e s g h as ro un dish leaves a nd red berries .

T h e flowers of th ese t rees are v er y muc h al ike , th o se of th e

 VEGE T AB L E K I N GDOM .
237

s bei n g w h i te a n d th ose o f th e N ZZ c/ zé rz ree i s h

g g n -
,

w h ite .Th e fr ui ts e nter i n to co m m er c e u n der th e n a m e o f 55

N c h é n t z u) Th e t aste is b tte r I t is to i c
g ( ii i “
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,
.
n .

t o t h e ce n ters bri gh te n s the e ye stre n g th e ns th e y i n q u i ets

, , ,

th e fi v e v is c era n o u rish es th e v ita l pri nc i pl e m akes vigoro us

, ,

t h e l oi ns a nd n ave l ex pe l s th e h u n dred d ise a ses restores grey

, ,

h air a n d i f tak e n for a l o n g ti m e w i l l i n c rease th e rot u n di t y

,

a n d fi r m n ess of t h e flesh gi v i n g spr i gh tl i nes s a nd y o u th t o

,

”
t h e bod y . Th e l eaves are pres c ri bed i n colds c o n gestio ns , ,

sw ell i n gs d i zzi n ess a n d h eada ch es

, ,
I t is probabl e th at .

oth er s pecies of L zz gu s t m m are k n ow n by th e sa m e C h i n es e

nam e

IN S E CT W A X —fin a 4151 ( C h u n g pai l a ) 9 53

.

‘
Li S h i h - -
, .

c h e n say s : Previo us t o th e Ta n g a n d S un g d y n asties th e

“

wa x u sed for m a ki n g c a nd l es a n d i n m ed i c i n e wa s al l bees

wa x . Fro m t h at per i od h oweve r th e i n sect w a x be ga n to
, ,

be k n ow n a nd i t i s n o w a n art i c l e o f dai l y u s e
,
I t i s fo u nd .

i n Sz ech ua n H uk ua n g Y unn a n F ukie n L i n g n a n K i a ngs u

, , , , , ,

C h ek i a ng a nd Sh a n t u n g pr ovi n c es
,
Th a t fro m Y u n na n .
,

H en gch o u ( H u n a n) a nd Y u n gch a n g is t h e best

,
Th e wa x .

t ree i n i ts bra n ch es a n d l eaves i s classed w i t h t h e 25

, ,

( T u ng i n th at d u ri n g t h e fo u r se a so n s i ts l eaves d o n o t

fall . I n t h e fi ft h m oo n i t bears wh i te fl owers i n c l usters a nd

ch ai n s of fr ui ts abo u t th e si ze o f th ose of g iii] ( Wa n c h i ng
,
-
,

Vi tex W he n fresh th ese a re gre e n i n c olor ; w h e n r i pe

,

”
th e y are p u rpl e Th ose of t h e Ta ng ( M i ng are red
. It -
.

see m s th at [ l ax i s h ere re ferred to Th e i nsect is abo u t th e

.
“

siz e o f a l o u se a n d a fter i t h as bee n propagated i t re m a i n s

,

u po n th e gree n bra n ch es o f th e tree ea t i n g i ts sap a n d g i vi n g ,

o ff fro m i ts bod y a secreti o n w h i c h ad h eres to th e fresh stalks ,

g rad u al ly beco m i n g ch a nged i n to a w h i te c ere w h i c h co n geals

t o for m th e wa x appeari ng l i k e frost u po n th e bra n c hes
, .

A f ter t h e peri od o f grea t h eat ( i t Ta sh u abo ut J u l y 2 3 ) -

,

i t i s scraped o ff a nd is th e n c alled filfi‘, jfl

, fi ( La c h a ) I f i t is -
.

a ll owed to re m ai n u n t i l th e peri od o f w h i te de w i
( E ; Pai l n ,
-
,

abo u t Septe m be r i t ad h eres very fi r m ly a n d is w i th d i ffi c u l ty

scraped o ff Th e c r ud e wax i s m el ted a n d p u ri fi ed or stea m ed
.

i n a retort i n ord er t o get r i d o f th e i m p u r i ti es a n d i s th e n

, ,

po ured i nt o m o ulds to cool T h is for m s t h e w h i te wa x o f

.
2 38 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

c o m m er c e Th e i n se c ts prod u c e th e wax w h ile th ey are y o u n g

.

a n d o f u h i t e c ol o r W he n th e y are o l d th ey are redd ish bla c k

'
-
,
.

i n c o l or a n d for m ba l l u po n th e b ra n c h e s o f th e tree at fi rst

,
s
,

o f t h e s i ze o f a gra i n o f m i llet b u t i n th e se c o n d spr i n g th ey ,

’
gro w t o th e s i z e o f a c o c k s h e ad are p u rpl i s h red i n col or a n d ,
-
,

closel y e n c ir c l e th e br a n c h e s appea r i n g as i f fru i ts bor n e u po n ,

th e tree T h e i n se c t depos i ts i ts e ggs m a k i ng a c el l t h a t

.
,

m u c h r ese m bles a C h rys a l is w h i ch is c alled fit E ( La C h u n g ) ,

-

his La Th e eggs w i th i n th i s co c oo n are l i k e s m al l

or t (
s i l k w or m eg gs I n ea c h b u n dl e th ere are sever a l h u n d reds
. .

A t th e ope n i n g o f spr i n g t h e v are take n dow n a n d wrapped i n

ba m boo l eaves a n d h u n g u po n th e tree Th e i nse c ts g ra d u al l y .

h at c h o u t a n d c o m e o u t o f th e e n v e l ope a n d adh ere to th e

u n de r s i de o f th e leaves a n d th e oth er parts of th e pla n t w h ere ,

t h ey be g i n th e m a n u fa c t u re o f w a x The gro u nd be neath t h e .

tree m u s t be k ept very c lea n l est th e a n ts eat th e y o u n g ,

”
i n se cts Th ere i s al so a tree c alled 7k L
.
illi 751 ( Sh u i l a s h u - -
,

L rgu s tr zzm th e l eaves o f w h i ch so m ew h a t rese m bl e th os e

o f the e l m Th i s m a y be u sed fo r breed i n g w ax i n se c ts as c a n
.
,

al so th e H E £55 ( T i e n c h u Q u er m s
‘ -
,

T h e i n se c t w h i c h prod u c es t h i s se c re ti o n i s th e Ca m us
P c la o f
-
oth erw ise k n o w n as Ca m us S i n en s i s I t is .

w h i t i s h i n c ol or w h e n y o u n g b u t beco m es o f a dark brow n ,

c ol or at th e e n d o f th e s e as o n Th e m ale i nse c t i s d es c r i bed .

i n H a i i b u r j s N otes ( Sc i e n c e Papers p 2 7 1 ) as h av i n g l arge

’
.
,

w i n gs a bod y o f a dark re d c h est n u t c ol or a n el o n gated a na l

, ,

po i n t a n d redd i sh bro w n l egs

,
Th e bod y o f th e fe m al e see m s
-
.

t o de vel op i n s u c h a w a v a s to e n velo p e th e tw ig u po n w h i c h
it rows Th e a cc ount g i ve n by Li S h i h C he n as q u oted
g
-
.

above s ee m s to be fa i rl y c l ose t o t h e fa c ts as th ese h ave th u s

,
,

far bee n gath ered by for e i g n observers .

T h e trees u po n wh i c h th e i n se c t grows h av e bee n m uc h i n

d i sp u te as t o th e i r i de n ti fi cati o n F o r t h e m ost par t th e y .

bel o n g t o th e O lea c e ae W i th o u t d o u b t th e i nsect w i l l th r i v e

.

u po n several d iff e re n t spe c i es s u c h as n zzs t r u m F r a x zn u s

’

, , ,

f l ex Q l t C I CU S a n d p os s i b l v R /
,
’ ’

,
zzzs B u t i t see m s n o w t o be .

w el l es tabl i shed tha t L zlgzzs tr zzm Zzzcza zzm ( i t Q N u c h é n a n d

’
’
-
,

—ch i n g a n d F r a x zi zz/s S i n e n s i s
g T g ) ( E K ) are
'

u n
‘
u li : ‘ -

t h e pr i n c i pal trees e m ployed for t h is p u rp ose ; th e f or m er for

 2 40 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

i t to th e e x te nt o f a n o u n ce at a ti m e as a sti mu la n t to t h e
v oi c e A l a rge p i l l m ade i n Ca n to n a n d w h i c h is cal led
.
, ,

é] tfi j L ( Pai la w an
) 6 8‘
7 is co n side red
-
to be
-
a v ery go od, ,

v u l n erary a nd pectora l re med y .

VN I I
E Q ( Ye h pai h o ) ; L zl zzw z
B ROV
’ '

LILI U M .
- -

t zlgr zzzu m fi 6 ( C h ia pa i h o) Th e fi rst ter m al so i nc l udes

'

- -
. .

o th er w i ld gro w i n g spe c ies I n fac t th e n a m e E a} ( Pa i h o) .

,
-
,

is appl i ed t o a n u m ber o f spe c i es o f l i ly th e b u l bs of

9 5 4 , ,

w h ic h rese m bl i n g o n i o ns are used as fo od

,
S eve ra l o th er
,
.

n a m es are g i ve n i n th e P é m s a o so m e o f w h ic h re fe r t o t h is
‘
,

rese m bla nc e to t h e o n i o n o r garl i c A n oth er n a me a ppl ied .

to L i l a /m l ig r i m m z th e des c ript i o n a gree i n g very c lose l y is

, ,

C h u e n— t a n ) w h i c h refers t o the way i n w h i ch the fl owers

fl( ,

rol l u p as the y fade T h e d o m es tic v arieties o f th i s pl a n t are

.

ra i sed by ma nu r i n g w i th th e d roppi ngs o f f o wls Th e w i l d .

k i n ds are pre ferred by so m e T he b u l bs are co ns i dered to be .

to n i c el i m i na n t car m i n at i v e q u ieti n g a n d expe c tora nt Th ey

, , , ,
.

are used also i n e p i ph ora s uppress i o n o f m il k post part u m , ,

-

n e u roses a n d exter na l l y i n swel li n gs a nd u lcers

,
The flo wers .

a re d ried powdered a n d m ixed w i t h o i l fo r th e treat me nt of

, ,

m o is t e c ze ma a n d ves ic ular er u pt i o ns i n c h ildre n The b u lblets .

i n t h e ax i l s o f th e lea ves are stee ped i n w i n e a nd used i n t h e

treat me n t o f i n testi n al d i sorders Th e dried b ulbs of th ese .

l i lies a ppear i n co mm er c e as E f} i f ( Pai h o k a n) 9 4 5 w h i le - -

, ,

th e fres h b u l bs a re called as E f? ( H sie n pai h o) A sor t o f - -

.

star c h is also m ad e o ut o f t h e b u lbs w h ic h is ca l le d E fi fi} ,

( P ) 94
a i - h o fé n , 6 -
.

LI LI U M C O N C O L O R — fl j 3} (
3 S h a n t a n
) Th is is also .
-
.

k n o wn as $1 E 6 ( H u n g pai h o) a n d 5 1
1 75 ( H
-
u n g h ua - -

ts a i )
‘
T h e ter m
.
f} ( C hii a n t a n
) is so m eti m es appl i ed t o -

t h e flo wers o f th i s S pe c i es b u t i t properly bel o ngs to L zZzu m

' '

t zg r zn u m
’

I n the c ase o f t h i s pl a n t th e flowers are eate n as

’

w e ll as the b u lb w h i c h la tter is s m al ler th a n th at o f the E 6

,

( P ai ho -
) Th e b u l b i.s s weet a n d cool i n g a n d i s reco m m e n ded ,

i n u teri n e fl uxes c h orei c a ff ect i o ns u l c ers a nd swel l i ngs

, , ,
.

T he flowers are c o nsidered to be i nv igorati n g t o th e b lood a nd ,

are appl ied as a p o ul tice to boi ls a nd fo ul u lcers .

 fl

VEGE T A B L E K I NGDOM . 2 4 1:

LI M NA N T H E M U M N Y M P H O I D E S fl ( H s i ng .

t s ai )
‘
. A c c ordi n g t o t he B oo / e o
f O d es th e fi rs t ch arac ter i s ,

also wri tte n 2? A n oth er na m e i s E; ( F u w h ic h Li

S h i h c h em says o ugh t t o be w ri tte n 73}
- H e also says t h a t
t he pl a n t i s the sa m e ge n us w i th i i (S h u n B r a s s em a pe lta ta )
’

.
,

water m al l o w ”
I t i s there fore al so c al led 7k 53 ( S h u i
3 .

Legge co n fo u nds th is pla n t w i th L em n a m i n or B u t t h ese a ll .

bel o n g to di ff ere n t na t u ra l or d ers L e m n a bei n g t h e t y pe o f t h e

Le m n a c e ae w h ile B r a s se m a i s a n ymph a c e o us p la nt a nd
’

, ,

L i nu zm zZ/ ze m zm z a n aq u a ti c G e nt i a n a c e a The pla n t grows i n .

w ater th e ste m bei n g so p roportio ned th at th e lea v es ma y floa t

,

o n th e s u rface T he leaves are pel tate p urpl is h red i n color ,

.
,
-

a n d abo u t a n i nc h i n di a m eter T h e i n feri or par t o f th e ste m

.

is w h ite a n d i s so m eti m es eate n as a gree n v e getable Th e

,
.

fl o wers are yel lo w Tr u e to C h i n ese ideas of t h e v irt u es of

.

aq u at i c pl a n ts th ose s upposed t o reside i n t h is o ne are t h irs t

,

rel i evi n g a n ti febri le a nd d i u retic

, ,
T h e expressed j uice i s .

u sed i n fevers a n d th e br u ised pla n t i s app l ied t o swe l l i n s

, g ,
b ur n s rode n t u lcers a nd s n ake bite
, , .

L I M N A N T H E M U M P E LT A TU M —~7j 2 ( H ui .

O th er n a m es are if? —
“
( H i t ia o ts ai ) a nd
g fig BE ( Ch i
‘ ‘
u n -

SO Th e pel tate l eaves o f th i s pla n t bear t h e h ook l i k e -

appe ndages c h ara c ter i sti c o f th is ge rm s a n d are also co v ere d ,

w i th a w h i te powdery e fil o res c e n c e T h e s tal k a nd l ea v es are

,
.

h i gh l y estee m ed as a pot h erb I t bears a s m al l w h i te flo wer

-
.

a n d prod u c es a gl ob u lar fr u i t c o n tai n i n

g seeds w h ic h are als o

ed ible . Th e sta l k a n d l ea ves are br ui sed to get h e r w it h oi l a nd

ap pl ied to u l c ers a n d i nse c t b i tes a nd i n decocti o n t h ey are used ,

as a wash for s c al y sk i n d iseases boils s uda m i n a a nd al l for ms , , ,

o f paras i ti c sk i n d i ffi c u l t i es Th e ker nels o f th e seeds are m ad e

.

i n to ca kes a n d ea te n to destroy a nd pre v e n t i n tes t i n al w or ms .

LI N D E RA G L A UC A .
—1Ij $332 ( S h a n -
h u- c h iao ) . Th is
i s a Japa nese i de n t ifi cati o n . I t i s spoke n o f
i n t h e P é n ts a o i n
a foot n ote t o th e art i c l e o n D ap i mza zzm z cu be ba
’

I t h as a ’
'

-
.

bl a c k d r u pe the siz e o f Z m zZ/

,
zox l zt m berries
y h e n ce t h e n a m e .

Th e taste o f the d r u pe i s a c ri d a nd w a rmi ng, a nd i t i s u sed as

a car mi n a t i v e a nd ga str ic s ti m ula nt .
2 42 C HI N E S E M AT E RI A M ED I C A .

LI N D E RA S E R I C E A — i fy ta ( Ti ao c h a ng ) al so c al l e d .
-
,

$5 ( W u C h a ng
-
) Th e C h i n ese l i ke n t h i s t ree t o th e c a rn
.

p h or tree cl ai m i n g i t to be a d warf var i e ty o f th e l at ter

, Th e .

r oot is l i k e ned to t h a t o f D ap /mzd zzm z my r r / I t is a

'

za .

l a ur i n a c e ous tree a l l ied to B a n z a i ”

, Th e l eaves are so me .

w ha t h i rs u te a n d rese m bl e those o f P er s ea n a n m u
, T h e root .

i s u sed i n m ed ic i n e espe c i al l y i ts bark a nd i s prescri bed as a

, ,

h e m ostatic i n wo u n ds a n astri n ge n t i n fl u xes a n d as a was h

, ,

i n sk i n d iseases Th e bra n c h es a n d l eaves are pl aced a t t h e

.

d oors to ward o fl m ia s m a ti c a n d e vi l i n flue n ces .

L I N D E RA ST R Y C H N I F O LI A .
gg (
i W yao ) u- ,
1 47 8 .

D aph m d zu m my r r /
'

S ee
'

za .

LI N D E RA TZ U M U — HE 33 ( M u wa n g) B re t
.
-
.

sch n e id er at fi rs t classed t h i s as Ca l a lp a bzm gea na b ut i n h i s ,

l atest w ork h e says th at t h ere c a n be n o do ubt th a t i t m ust be

I n J apa n i t is R ol l i er a j ap om ca a nd i n
'

re ferred t o L zn d er a
'

.
,

t h is Faber fol lo ws B re ts c h n e i d e r bei n g so w ide a nd careful

.

a n observer h e w il l be give n th e be n e fi t o f th e d o u b t a nd th is
, ,

tree w i l l be h ere d es c r i bed Th e C h i nese also co n fo u nd th is .

w i th Ca ta lpa ( Hi C h i u) S o me co n fusio n also ex ists w i t h

,
‘
.

t h is a nd A m n t/ zo m za x a n d e v e n w i th P a u l owm a
’

p ,
T h is i s a .

tall gracefu l tree w h i ch o n ac c o u n t Of i ts great h ei g h t a nd th e

, ,

u sef u l n ess o f i t s t i m ber is c al l ed by th e C h i n ese EE ( M u

”
w a n g) “
,
k i n g of trees I t is sa i d th at a h o use b u i l t o f t h is
.

t i m b er i s n ever str u c k by l i gh t n i n g Th e w h i te i n ner bark .

,

o f th e tree is u sed i n m ed i c i n e a n d i s co nsid ered t o be a nt h e l ,

m i n t rc a n d paras i ti c i d e I t is u sed i n decoc ti on as a wash i n

.

s c abies a n d p ed ic u l os i s i n c h i l dre n a n d i n O ph th al m ia I t is ,
.

also pres c r i bed i n n a u sea a n d v o m i t i n g a n d i s th o u gh t to h ave ,

so me a n ti febri le properties T he leaves are fed to h ogs a nd .

,

are sa i d to be ver y fat te n i n g Th ey are also br u ised a nd .

appl ied i n th e sk i n d i fli c ul t i es of th ese a n i m al s as wel l as i n ,

s ores o n th e h a n ds o r fee t o f m a n ki n d .

LI NU M P E R E N N E — §E [fir ( Y a m a ) T h is pla nt i s .
-
.

grow n l a rg el y i n S h e ns i fo r th e o i l o f i ts seeds w h i c h wa s ,

for m erl y use d i n l a m ps I t i s n o t eate n o n acco u n t o f i ts bad

.

odor a n d taste I t is ap pl ie d i n
. u lcers a n d scaly sk i n er u p tio ns .
2 44 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

are fo und i s R os e m al low a nd th e oth er i s L i q u i d

. On e -

S tor a x .Wester n O bser vers are sa i d t o h a ve fo un d bo t h o f

t h ese prod u c ts u n de r th is C h i n ese n a m e i n d i e re n t parts o f
C h i na . D r B re ts c h ne id er s u ggests tha t th e B a l m of M ecca
.
,

a prod uc t of B a l s a nzod en d r on apo éa l s a nzzu n a n d M i r t n ] ,

/
,

obta i ned f ro m B a l s a nzoa en a r on m n k n l m a y also be fo u n d i n

’ ’
,

C h i na u nder t he sa m e n a me The S a n s c ri t n a m e o f t h e dr u g
.

is if fi] (
r T u l ii s e c h i e n
) I ts m ed i c i n al a c t i o n i s a n t i
- - -
.

d o t al to n ox i o us po i s o n s a n t i mal ar i al a n t i c o n v rrls i v e a n d
, , ,

c o n str u ctive I ts prolo n ged us e i s sa i d to g i ve v i tal i ty a n d

.

l i gh t n ess t o th e body a n d to prol o n g l i fe A fa m o us n os tr u m .

,

c al l ed d}? é é fl ( S u h o hs i a n g wa n
:
, ) and -
w h ose p-
ri n c i pa l -
,

i ngred ie n ts are R ose m a l o e s B e n zo i n A tra c ty l i s C yper us , , ,

r ot u n d us A r istolo c h ia S a n ta l rrm a l b um L i g n alo es C loves

, , ,
-
, ,

M usk Pi per l o n g h ui Te r mi na l i a ch e b u la V er m i ll i o n B a ro os
, , , ,

c a m p hor a nd O l i ba n u m is u sed i n th e treat m e n t o f m a l aria

, , ,

e pi lepsy a nd several
,
ot h er ser i o us d i ffi c u l t ies D r W ar i n g . .

me n ti o n s t wo s u bsta n c es a s obta i n ed i n B u r m a : o ne a l igh t

y el l o w balsa m a n d t h e othe r t h i c k dark a n d terebi n th i nat e , , ,

W h ic h correspo n d c l osel y t o des c r i pti o n s give n i n th e P é n ts a o ‘

H e fo un d t hese o f l i ttle u s e as expe c tora n ts w h ic h i s t h e ,

p ri n cipal property o f st orax . .

LI Q UI D A M BA R F OR MO S ANA —Th e ch aract er m .

F n g) i s appl ied to th is t o P l a i a n n s A 6 8 7
( é a nd G n oca r a i a
” '

, y , , .

B u t t h e descrip ti o n g i v e n i n t he P é n / s a o re fers to th e o ne

u n der co nsiderati o n I t i s a ve ry tal l tree w it h ro u n ded

.
, ,

d e n ta te th ree cle ft m ore or less pe ltate leaves w h i c h h ave a

,
-
, ,

p ec u l i ar fra gra n ce The leav.es fl u tter i n t he w i n d m u c h l i ke

th ose o f t h e aspe n a nd be i n g s u c h a l ar ge tree t h i s fac t

, ,

beco m s parti c u larl y n oti c ea ble

e
I t is s a i d th a t t h e c om .

p osi t i o n of t h e ch ara c ter a m is ex pla i n ed i n th i s w ay Th e .

bra n c h es are l o ng a n d s u pple a n d wave gra c e f rrl ly i n th e w i n d .

I n a u t u m n t he y are c overed w i t h th e bea u t i fu l l y col ored leave s ,

w h i c h gi ves a n exceed i n gl y at tra c t i ve appeara n ce to t h e tree .

O n th i s ac c o u n t m a n y of th ese tree s were pl a n ted i n t h e

,

I m per i al pala c e gro u n ds at Pek i n g by a n e m peror o f th e H a n

d y n as ty a nd th e pala c e fro m t h i s took th e n a m e of mg
,

( F é u g
-
c h en ) a n d t h
,
e c i ty w as cal l e d mIt? ( g pi ) The
F e n -
.
 VEGE T A B L E K I N GDOM . 2 45

w ood of th e t ree i s c o n si dere d t o be espe c iall y appropriate fo r

m ak i n g i d ols bei n g t h o u gh t t o i ( L i n g
,
spi rit u al i ze m ore ,

easi ly t ha n a ny other T h i s is pr obabl y d u e t o th e fact th a t .

o n a c c o u n t of t he free m ove m e n t of i ts leaves a n d bra n ch es i n

t h e w i nd th e tree top is t h o u g h t to be th e abode of vario u s

,

sorts of spiri ts Th e tree bears a w h i te fl o wer a n d i ts fr u its

.
,

’
are said to be as large as a d u c k s e gg I t prod uces a resi n o us .

ex tra c t rese mbl i n g R os e m a k es a n d L i q u i d S tor a x cal led -

,

fi fi 55 (
,
t F
4
en g hs i a n g ch i h
) -
th at prod u c ed -
fro m t
,
h e fr u i ts
a i c h i ao —
b ei n g c alled {3 32 ( P h sia ng
) I n d i a n
-
a n d Sa n s c r i t .

n a m es for th e s u bsta nc e a re g i ve n as B E f)? f;

i S
( a chih -

l o p o hs i a n g ) a n d FE k
-
‘ -
g 7
g a ( S a slre lo
p o h si a n g
):
Th-
i s - -
‘ -
.

g u m -
res i n i s of a pale ye l l ow c ol or a n d i s sa i d to rese m ,
bl e
f r a n k i n cen se I ts m ed
. i c i n a l acti o n i s th at of a h e m ostati c ,

astr i nge n t a n ody n e a nd c orre c tive re m edy

, ,
I t i s u sed i n a l l .

sorts o f w o u n ds sk i n a ff ec t i o ns a n d u l c ers
,
I t i s c o m bi n ed
,
.

w i t h t w o sorts o f R / za zn n n s berr i es i n prepari n g a s u pposi tory

( j g fifl T»
i n g n a
) for th -
e treat m e n t o f ch ro n i c c o n st i pa tio n .

Th e bark of th e tree i s e m pl oyed i n fl u xes a n d as a n astr i n ge n t

w as h i n sk i n d iseases w h i le t h e leaves a nd th e root are u sed i n
,

ca nc ero u s grow th s Th e E r / z a says th a t L i u i d a /

y .
q n b a r r es i n

w h i ch h as bee n b u ried i n th e gro u nd for a th o u s a n d y ea r s

beco m es a maer A n u n ide n ti fi ed e xcres ce n ce fo u nd gro w i n g
.

o n t he tree w h ich is sa id to so me w h a t rese m ble th e for m o f

,

t h e h u ma n body a n d w h i ch i s rep u ted t o gro w to th e le n gt h

,

of t h ree or fo u r feet is c alled ifl fl ( F é n g tz ur k u e i

) a nd
’

l
‘
- -
,

Jim A ( F en g j en) I t is sa i d to be po i so n o u s a n d to prod u c e

-
.
, ,

w he n i n gested a l a u gh i n g del i r i u m w h i c h i s pers i ste n t

,
.

Fa ber g i ves ll] 1& ( Sha n c h i u) as a ter m fo r L i gn i a mn ba r -

‘ ’

C h ese bota n i ca l w orks d o n o t see m so t o

fi r nzos a n a b u t ,
i n

rec og n i se i t b u t o n th e ot her ha n d i de n t i fy t h is w i th C a i a lp a
, ,

as th e n a m e i m pl ies .

LIT H O S P E RM U M O FFIC I N A L E ( E R Y T H R OR H I
Z ON) — .§f§g § 1 ( T z u O th er n a m es are “”
i f; 5
1 T
} ( ri ta n )
z
‘
-
,

Iii} lill (
.
T i h s ii e h )-
a n d 35 $
5 g ( Y a h si e n ,
Th e E r lzy a -

w r i tes t he fi rs t c h ara c ter Ill; Th i s pla n t i s i nd i ge n o u s

t o t h e ce n tral a nd n ort her n pro v i n ces of C h i n a I t i s c u l t i va ted .

f o r th e p urple dy e y i elded by i ts root Th is is d ug u p i n th e .

 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

spr i n g be fore th e pla n t h as fl owered a t w h ic h t i me th e color ,

i n g m a tter w il l be fo u n d to be very bri gh t I f ga t h ered a fter .

fl o weri n g t h e col or h as beco m e d ee per a n d is c o nsi d ered t o be

, ,

i n ferior i n q u al i ty T h e r oot i s th e par t u sed i n m ed ic i ne

.
,

a n d i t is sa id to act o n t h e blood to be d eri vat i v e to t h e sk i n

,

a n d al l o f t h e passages o f th e bod y especial ly th e i n test i na l

,

ca n a l a nd u ri n ary t ra c t I t i s also prescr i bed i n S k i n a ffec

.

t i o ns a n d especi all y i n er u pt ive fe vers bei ng s upposed to

, ,

bri ng o u t er uptio n a nd to n e u tralize t h e poiso n .

LITS E A G L A UC A —B E ( Y u eh k uei ) There is a n

.
-
.

old tradi t i o n that th is tree grows i n t he m oo n a nd th at i ts ,

f r u its fal l to ear th a nd are fo un d o n t h e gro u nd T h i s l ege n d .

d ates fro m th e Ta n g a n d S u n g d y n asties Th e Ta ng H i s tory .

says t h a t i n A D 8 6 8 a t Ta ich o w i n C h ek ia n g th ese berries

. .
, ,

f el l d uri n g a per i od o f m ore th a n t e n d ays A lso d u ri ng t h e .

S u n g d y n asty d u ri n g t h e re i g n of T ie n sh en g ( 1 0 2 3
,
‘ -

a t th e m o n astery o f Li n gyi n a t H a n g c h ow the berr i es fel l ,

d u ri n g fi ftee n m oo nl i gh t n ig h ts Li S h i h C h en gi ves a
.
-

n u m ber o f oth er lege n ds i n regard t o th is tree a nd i ts fr u i ts .

I n th e Taoist book s i t is cal l ed 5; IE ; I}; ( P u sh i h h u a

) a nd i t - -
,

i s n o t per m itted to be off ered i n sacr ifi c e T h e o n l y d i ffi c ul t y .

f o r w h i c h th e seed s a re reco m m e n d ed to be used i s as a loca l

appl i c at i o n i n ri n gw or m o f th e scal p i n c h i ld re n .

L O B E LI A R AD I C A N S g (
. P a n pie n l ie n
) 9 74 - -
, .

T h is i s a s mal l pla n t gro wi n g i n m oist gro u n d h avi ng s m al l ,

l eaves a nd fl owers ; th e latter bei n g reddi sh p u rple i n col or -

.

T h e j u i c e i s e xpressed a n d u sed o n s nak e a nd i nse c t b i tes a nd ,

t h e pla n t i s u sed i n decoctio n i n t h e treat m e n t o f fe v e r asth ma , ,

ag u e a nd th e l i ke
,
.

L ON I C E RA J A P O N I C A —7; g ac (J en ru n g) 555 e a
. .
-
. ,

C h i n yin 1 62 1 65
ya ( -
L i S
-
h i h C
. h en g i ves a g ood -

descr i pti o n of t h is C h i nese Izo n ey s n clzl o or woo d bi ne The ,

.

fi rs t C h i nese n a m e refers to th e pla n t n o t w i theri n g d u ri ng

th e w i n te r a n d th e seco n d t o t he fac t t hat th e flowers w h ic h
, ,

are a t fi rst w h ite after wa rd s be c o m e y el l ow a nd as the y d o

, ,

n o t fal l earl y th e pla n t bears bo th colors at t h e sa me t i me

,
.
2 48 C HI NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

but i n so m e c a ses g $1 é ( Sa n g c h i sh é n g) 1 0 6 7 is L or a f zt/ms - -

, ,

2g S g ) m m f Th e
'

( l i L
' '

a a o r zé z a n d $
’
y 2 u n o» s a va i nes lea
p
z -
er z /
.

for m er i s m os t h i gh l y v al u ed i n med i c i n e I t is d esc ri bed as .

bei n g t w o o r th r e e feet lo n g h av i n g ro u nd th i c k so ft gree n , , , ,

l eaves w h i te flowers a n d yel low fr u it Th e m ed ic i n al a c tio n

, ,
.

o f th e pla n t i s regarded as a n ody n e a n d q u ie t i n g t o th e preg ,

n a n t u ter u s It is e m ploy ed i n p u erpera l d i ffi c u l t ies th reate n ed

.
,

abort i o n m e norrh ag i a a n d i ns u fii c i e n t se c reti o n o f m i l k

, ,
It .

i s also c o n s i dered t o pro m ote th e grow t h o f h a i r Th e fr u its .

a re regarded as V i tal iz i n g i n the ir a c ti o n Th e $2 ( S ung .

w h i c h i s a lso cal led fir $5 ( N u l o ) a nd w h i c h grow s pri n -

,

c i pa ll y u p o n th e pi n e a n d fi r tree is th o u gh t to be a n t i sept i c , ,

a n t i m a l ar i al d i uret ic a n d so m e wh at so po ri fi c
, ,
I t i s also u sed .

i n scal p diseases a nd d i ffi c u l ties o f t h e ex ter n al ge n ita l or ga ns

'

o f w o me n .

L O TU S C OR N IC U L A TU S Eli fl ( Pai ma i k en ) .
- -
.

Th is prod u ct co m es fro m K a ns u a nd N orth er n Sze c h ua n i s ,

sa i d to rese m bl e Zzwe mze h as a yel lo w flower a root l i ke th at o f

, ,

F a b/ g a l a j ap o m ca w h i c h is ga thered i n th e se c o nd a n d e i gh th
'

m oo ns a nd d r i ed i n th e s u n I ts a c t i o n i s ca r m i n at i ve th irst
.
,

re l i ev i n g a n t i febr i le restorati ve a n d to n ic
, ,
I t i s ad m i n istered ,
.

i n ti n ct u res de coctio n p i ll o r pow der

, , ,
.

LU F F A C Y L I N D R I CA m —gfi [ 1K( S su k ua ) O th er n a mes -

.

a re 35 $ 1 [ IR T i e n ssu k n a
( ) 3 ( T i e l ) Ifii K ( P k )
‘ ‘
5
-
n o -
1 u u a ,
-
,
-
,

a nd Q 11K( M a n k ua ) I t was u n k n ow n i n C h i n a pr i or to th e
-
.

Ta n g dy n asty N o w i t is grow n i n al l parts o f t he e m pire for

.

u s e as a vegetable I t i s pla n ted i n th e se c o nd m oo n a n d th e

.
,

v i n e is tra i n ed o v er b u sh es ba m boos o r h o u ses o r a fra m e , , ,

w ork o f re eds o r ba m boo poles i s m ade over w h i c h i t r u ns ,

.

T h e l eaves are a bo u t t he s i ze o f h olly h o c k l eaves a nd ha i ry .

T h e e xpressed j u i c e o f these w i l l d ye a gree n c ol or Th e sta l k .

i s a n gl ed I n th e s i x th o r seve n t h m o o n t h ere i s prod u c ed a

.

fi v e parted
-
yel lo w flo wer sl i gh tl y rese m bl i n g t ha t o f th e
, ,

c u c um ber The pepo i s so m e th i n g over a n i n c h i n d ia m eter

.
,

fro m o n e to fo u r fee t lo n g deep gree n i n col or a n d m ottle d , ,

a n d w he n i t is fres h i t c a n be baked s tewed or oth erw i se , ,

prepared as a v e getable food Wh e n old a nd ripe th e fi bro us .

,
 VE G E T A B L E K I NG DOM . 2 49

str u c t ure of th e pepo re n ders i t u se fu l as a sp o n ge for w as h i ng

vessels For th is reaso n vi l lagers c all i t fit; $5
.
}
5 1
1 5 ( H s i k n o ,
-

l o k u a)
- The flowers b uds a nd yo u n g leaves c a n also be u s e d
.
, ,

as food Th e ripe pepo is i n ci nera ted a nd p u l verized u n der

. ,

w h ic h c i rc umta n c es t h e m edici n al v irt u es as c ribed to i t are

so meth i ng ex traord i n ary I t i s rep u ted to be car m i n ati ve .
,

pe c toral co ol i ng t o t h e bl ood a n tiseptic a n thel mi n tic e m me

, , , ,

n a go gue q u i cke n i n g to th e c irc u la tio n

,
gal actagog u e a n d is , ,

also used i n th e treat me nt o f h e morrh age fro m bo wel s or

bla d der he m orr ho ids m e n orr h agia j a u ndice h er nia orc h i tis
, , , , , ,

ca n ce ro us s well i ngs tooth a c h e s mal l pox a n d scarle t fever , , ,

.

M ixed w i t h ver m i ll io n i t is used to d ry up s mal l pox p us tu les ,

.

Th e fres h pe po is co n s i dered to be c ool i ng a nd be ne fi cial to t h e

i ntest i nes war m i ng t o t h e sto mac h a nd to n ic to t h e ge ni tal
, ,

orga ns Th e l eaves are p res c ribed i n s k i n d i seases a nd orch i tis

.
,

t h e v i ne a nd roo t i n decayed teeth ozoe na a nd paras i tic a flec

'

, ,

ti o ns The fi bres o f th is go urd are fo u n d i n co m m erce u nder

.

th e na mes of $5 3 11Kfig ( S s fi k ua l o) 1 1 9 0 a nd a 1K J fl i ( S s ti - -
, ,
'

k u a -p u) , 1 1 91 .

L U I S IA
TE R E S HQ ( C h ai tz ri k u) A lso cal led
‘ ‘
- -
. .

Q 55(
2 C h i c h a i ku
) b ut i t m us t no t be c o n fo unded w i th
‘
5 31 n - -
,

D erzd m bzu m n obi l e w h i ch i s Q i ll 75 ( C h i n c h ai h ua )

’

Th is
,
- ‘ -
.

or c h ida c eo us pla n t gro ws i n th e so u th a nd rese m bles A s a r u m .

I t i s a muc h va u n ted c o un ter po is o n es pecial ly agai nst th e -

,

c r i bed fo r ca rci n o m a m alaria

( )
K n i n fe c tio n I t is a lso pres .
, ,

a nd to c o un tera c t al l sorts o f m ed ic i n a l poiso n s .

LYC H N I S fi ( C h ie n 1 1 2
Q
.
i ( C h ie n , i

c h u n l o) 57;
‘ -
fig ( C h i e n h u ng lo) Q
, ( Ch ie n ch i u l o) - -
,
- ‘ -
,

Q Q 72 ( C h i e n lo h ua ) Q Q ( C hi e n ch i n l o )
-
a $1 $9
-
,
- -
,

( C h i e n h un g sha
) These a l l see m to be spe c i es a nd vari e t i es
- -
.

o f th is ge n us Faber also gi ves fi i A ( Vii me i j é n) b u t

.
- -
,

t h is is no t gi ve n i n th e P é zzts a o a nd a c cord i n g to oth er ,

observers is ide n ti fied as P apa w r r / zaea s w i t h wh i ch i d e n ti fi ca ,

t io n the descriptio n i n the [ ( zza f zg c/ f g3

zzazz cz7 z b zt agrees v e ry - -

well T h e o n ly ter ms me ntio n ed i n t h e P é zzts a o a re th e fi rs t

.

t wo w i t h t h e th ird as a sy n o n y m o f th e se c o nd
, Th e d es c r ip .

t io n of t h e fi rst is no t a t al l c lear a nd as Faber m akes i t ,

2 50 C HI NE S E M A T ER I A MED I C A .

i de n tical w it h E; i A ( Y u me i j é n) the l i kel ih o od o f i ts bei n g

“
- -
,

Ly cfi m s is s mal l I t ma y be a r u biaceo us pl a n t as th e P é n ts a o
’

,
.

l ike ns i t to if whi c h is R u bi a Th e r oot i s used as a .

t o n i c a n od y n e parasi ticide a nd h e m ostat i c re m ed y

, ,
Th e ,
.

n ch u n l o ) is u n d o u btedl y Ly d mzs g r a n d zfl
’

Q 5
'

( C h ie - ‘ - or a .

I t i s a very pop ular garde n fl o wer havi n g fresh gree n l eaves ,

a nd bea u ti f u l red bl osso m s 3 $3: 5 } (

4 C h ie n h u n g sh a ) i s .
- -

probabl y o nl y a nother n a me for t h is The leaves a n d flowers .

are c r us h ed to get h er wi t h h o ney a nd us ed as a n appl icatio n i n

h erpes zoster .

LYCIU M C H I N E N S E {1 g ( K o u ch i
) 6 0 "
7 fi; 5 Iii
t .
- -
, ,

( Ti -
k u 1 267 1 3 84 It i s also called
, 35 5g ( T ie n .
“
‘

1 3 00 w h ic h is t he leaves $2 $1 ( Ya n g j u) th e fr u i t a nd
, , ,
-
, ,

llll A fit ( H sie n j é n ch a n g ) t h e stal k -

Th is-
was erro n eo u sl y ,
.

ide nti fi ed by Porter S m it h w i th B er ber zs ly czu m I t is n ot a

' ’

berberidaceo u s pl a n t b ut a s ola naceo us o n e It i s a co mm o n

,
.

sh r u b i n th e north er n a nd wester n provi n ces h as so ft t h i n , ,

leaves w h i ch c a n be eate n a nd s m al l reddish p urpl e flowers

, ,
-
.

The fr u i ts are s m all o ne cel led red berries h a v i ng a swee t ,

-
, ,

b u t rath er ro ugh taste Th e root i s m e t w i t h i n li gh t .

,

y el l owish brow n q u illed pie c es ha v i ng v ery l i ttl e tas t e or

-
, ,

s mell The ge n eral ac t io n o f th e pl a nt i s co nsidered to be

.

t o n i c cool i ng co nstr u c t i ve prol o ng i ng l i fe i m pro v i ng t h e

, , , ,

co m plexio n a nd bri gh te n i n g t he eye

,
T h e s h oo t s or y o un g .

l ea v es are reco mm e nded to be u sed i n al l for m s o f wasti ng

disease Used i n th e for m o f a tea t h ey are reco m me nded t o
.
,

q ue n c h t h i rst a nd to re m ove th e un pleasa n t sy m pto ms o f

p ul m o nary co ns um ptio n The root is s upposed to h a v e specia l .

actio n o n the k i d neys a nd sex u a l orga ns as well as t hose ,

v irt ues ascri bed t o th e lea v es a n d is u sed as a h e m ostatic i n ,

bleed i ng of t h e gum s a nd wo u n ds The seeds are si mi lar l y .

used .Th ere are a n um ber of o fli c i n a l prepara tio ns s u ch as a n ,

extract p ills ti nc t u res a nd th e l ik e

, , ,
.

LY C O P E RDON id) ( M a Th is i s th e.ord i nary

pja ba-
l l I t is o f a p u rple
. col or h ol l o w a n d soft growi ng , , ,

o n decayed wood i n da m p places W h e n r upt ured i t d ischarges .

,

its spores i n a fi ne po wder I t v ari es i n S ize u p to th a t of a .

,
2 52 C H I N ES E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

C h i nese na m e referri ng t o th e rese m bla n ce o f th e r oots a nd th e ,

fig ( -Ch ie n ) t o th at o f the s t al k Th e pla n t is c o m

. m o n ly c al led
m ) m
i

jk i
lbfl
t ( Sh u i a a n d grows
-
,
al ost every wh ere i n swa m ps .

I n the seve n th m o n t h i t prod uces a red flo wer w ith yel l o w

sepals Th e root h as a p urpl is h sk i n a nd a w h i te cortex a nd
.
,

i s th e par t used i n m edi ci n e I ts taste is acrid swee t a nd

.
, ,

cool i ng a n d i t is sl ig h tl y po i so no us
,
I t is appl ied to sw el l i n gs
.

a n d u l c ers a n d ad m i n istered i n ter n all y i n deco c ti o n a nd ti n c

,

t ure t o co u nterac t th e poiso ned p h leg m s u pposed t o a c c o m pa n y

abscesses a n d ulcers I t is also used i n th e n ervo us a ff ecti o ns
.

of c h ild re n .

LY SI M A C H I A E L E UT H E RO I D E S — Ijfi} ii 15k? ( C h en
“

ch u also w r i tte n E fit ( C h en ch u Th i s pla nt -

,

w ith i ts fi la me n to us stal k a nd l eaves i s fo u nd i n m oist gro un d ,

i n S zech ua n A S i t i s u sed as food i t is probably also c ul t i

.
,

v ated I t is fragra n t a nd s uc c ule n t a n d i n th e fresh state is

.
,

h ighl y estee m ed as a p o t h erb or p i c k le I t i s eate n w i th

-
.

h o ney or w i th a piq u a n t sa u c e c a l led

, ( H si
) I ts u s e is .

regarded as be n e fi ci al b u t n o m ed i c i na l properties are as c ri bed

,

to it .

LY SI M A C H I A S I K OK IA N A m —fit 3 : ( P a i I t is ‘

a l so cal led file g i ( P ai ts ao h sia n g ) o n ac c o u n t of i ts grea t

‘ - ‘ -

fra gra n ce I t grows i n th e regi o n o f Li n g n a n a n d t he root is

.
,

u sed t o c orrect fetor o f th e breath Th e C usto m s l ists g i ve

.

n g ts ao ) as Ly s zm a c/ oam /m g r e a t m
’ ’

i a 3 (:
: Li n g h s i a - -
‘
zzo
f ,

b u t th i s is n o t fo u n d i n t h e P é t ztsa o n or i s a ny a u th ori ty gi v e n
,

fo r t h e ide n ti fi cati o n .
 VE G E T A B L E K I NGDOM . 2 53

M .

—
M AB A B E RNO S fi 7k ( W u m u) O th er na m es , fig,
-
.

( Wu m é u m u) a nd zit 7 k ( W u- wen m u) Th is c o m es fro m

- - -
.

H ai n a n , Li ng n a n a nd t h e I nd ia n A rch i pelago
,
I t i s als o sai d .

t o be bro ugh t i n j u n ks fro m P ers i a ( probabl y ra th er I n d i a ) , ,

.

I ts heavy h ard tex t u re a nd black col or are m e n ti o ned i n t h e

,

P et zts a o as w el l as th e fac t th a t oth er h ea v y w oods are so m e

,

t i mes stai ne d black t o fabricate it Th e tree is n o t a large .

o ne ,
be i n g sa i d to seld o m exceed te n feet i n h ei gh t Th e w ood .

i s p u l v erized a nd di gested i n w ar m w i n e a n d ad m i n istered i n ,

poiso n s a nd c h olera m orb us .

M A C R OC L I N I D I U M V E R TIC ILL A TU M — fi 315 .

( K u ei t u y u )
- -
T h i s is so m ew h at c o n fo un ded i n C h i n ese w ork s
.

w it h Py m os tel ma a n as c le piadaceo us p l a n t a nd w i t h ,
’
’

G a s t r oa za e l a ta a n orch idaceo u s o n e
, B ut th i s pl a n t is o ne .

o f the C o m posi tae I t se nds up closely set sh oots o f o ne ste m

.
,

w h ich is s ur m o un ted by a w h orl o f l ea ves l i ke a n u m brell a .

The roo t rese m bles t h at o f A ery a n t/ zes bi d en ta ta b ut i s s m al l er ,

a nd w i t h o u t fi la m e n ts Th e fl owers w h ic h co m e o ut a m o ng
.
,
—

t h e leaves are yel low is h w h i te

,
The t aste o f t h e d r ug is
-
.

b itter a n d i t is so mew h at d ele teri o u s I t is reco m me n ded fo r

, .

th e trea t m e n t o f a n ev i l d isposi t i o n v ici o us efflu v ia of th e ,

h eart a nd the h un dre d poiso n o us esse nces

,
I t i s also used i n .

m al ar ia t o gi ve pow er to th e loi n s a nd le gs a nd to be ne fi t t he
, ,

musc ul a r stre ng th ( fig? j ] L ii l i ) ge neral l y ,

-
.

MZE S A D OR ZE NA .
-
fi g 111 ( T u k en s h a n
) T h is - -
. is a
m o u n t a i n pla n t , gro w i ng to a h eig h t o f fo ur or fi ve feet , w i th
leaves l i ke those of S an t i ms I t fl owers i n th e a u t um n
a r oe m zs .
,

a n d towards w i n ter i t bears a f r u i t l i ke t h at of Ly ezu m ch i

’

n eu s e b ut lar ger a nd w h i te i n color

,
I t is used for m alarial a nd .

ot h er fevers h eadac h e a nd n a usea

, D i gested i n ne w w i n e a nd
, .

ad m i n istered i t w i ll ca u se v o m i t i ng w h ic h c lears aw ay t h e
, ,

p h l e gm a nd rel ie v es t h e w ors t sy mp t o ms o f febrile attacks .

M A G N O LI A C O N S PIC UA —ESE fi ( H si n i) 4 6 4 Be .
-
,
.

ca use t h e u nope ned fl ow er i s gl ob u lar not u nl ik e a y o ung ,

 2 54 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M E D I C A .

pea c h i t is calle d if; {913 ( H o u

, W he n th e fl ower fi rst
ope n s i t rese m bles a C h i n ese p e n a nd for th i s reaso n i t is c alled ,

M u p i)
”
( w ood pe n cil S nc e th e flowers appear
“
-
, i .

very earl y i n th e spr i n g th e tree is cal led 5 g ( Yi n g , m

Th is m u st not be co n fo u nded w i th f a s mi mmz tzzt a zflor zt m T h e ’
.

w h i te flowered m ag n olia i s cal led 5 ( Y il l a n) a nd h as bee n -

,

by so m e bota n i sts desig n ated as M ag n o l i a y u l a n These na m es .

are al l u sed for th is spe c ies o f m ag n ol ia a nd u s u al l y i n d i cate ,

var i et i es I t also is called 7k ii 22 ( M u l ie n h ua ) be c a use its

.
- -
,

fl owers rese m ble th ose o f th e lot us ( N el u m bi u m sp eci os u m) .

The tree flowers twi ce a y ear : o nce i n th e earl y spri n g a nd

o n c e i n th e a u t u m n I t i s m u ch c ul ti vated i n garde ns a nd
.
,

t h e fl ow ers are u s uall y p urple or w h i te I t rarel y perfects i ts .

fr u i ts .The u n ope n ed flow er b u ds ( a P ao ) are th e parts used ,

‘

i n m ed i c i n e This i s o ne of t h e ma n y d r ugs rep uted to g i v e

.

l i gh t n ess to th e body brigh t n ess to th e eye add ed le n gth o f

, ,

l i fe c u l m i n ati n g i n a gree n old age

,
I t war m s th e ce n ters .
“
,

l ubricates th e m uscles be n e fi ts th e n i n e cavi t i es ope n s u p th e

, ,

n ose e xpe lls m uc u s

,
rel ieves s well i n g o f th e fa c e a nd tooth
,

ach e m i ti gates cart a n d boa t vertigo p ro m otes th e growth O f

, ,
”
w h iskers a nd h air a nd expels w h i te w or ms ,
I t is prescri bed .

i n h eadach es a n d al l d i ffi c u l ti es o f th e n ose i n w h ich l atter ,

case i t i s espec ial l y reco mm e nded i f co m bi n ed w i th m u sk a nd

o n i o ns Th e flowers a ppear i n co m m erce under t h e n a me
.

u n h ua )
of
g 25 2( C h ‘
2 7 2 -
,
.

M A G N O LI A F US C A T A fl ( H a n h siao ) Th is is .
-
.

th e sa m e as M i c/ zel i a f u s ca t a T h ere are said to be t wo ki nds .

th e l arge a n d th e s mal l a nd flowers of two colors w h i te a nd '

p u rple I t i s a so u th er n s pec i es n o t bei n g fo un d i n th e n orth

.
,

e r n prov i n ces I t flow ers i n e v ery seaso n b u t is m ost prol i fi c

.
,

i n s um m er T h e fl ow ers are very fragra n t re m i nd i n g o n e o f

.
,

a s m i n u m s a m ba e I t d oes n o t see m to be u sed i n m ed i c i n e

j .
,

b ut i t i s poss i ble t h at i ts b uds are so me t i m es s ubsti t u ted for

th ose of M ag nol i a con sp i cu a .

M AG N O LI A H Y P O L E U C A —
~
]E fl ( H o u 3 8 1 Th is . .

t ree is c ul ti va t ed i n th e u p per Ya n gtse provi nces for its bark ,

w h ich o n acco un t of i ts ex t e ns i v e use as a m edici n e 1 5 q u i te a n

2 56 C HI N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

d isease a nd al coh ol is m
, Th e fl o wers are i ncl uded a mo ng t h e .

dr u gs h av i ng t he re pu ta t i o n of d i sso l vi n g b o ne a n d m e tals
l od ged i n t he throat .

M A LT 5K( N i e.h —m i) The grai ns o f ord i n ary m i l le t .

,

sp i ked m il let gl u t i n o u s m i lle t ri c e barley nacked barley

, , , , ,

bea ns a n d w heat are al l m al ted by th e C h i n ese

,
Th e grai n is .

m oiste n ed a n d left to spro u t a nd w h e n th is pro c ess h as go ne ,

o n a s u ffi cie n t l e n gth o f t i m e i t is d r ied i n th e s u n th e spro u ts , ,

are r ubbed o ff a n d th e gra i n is gro u n d i n to flo ur f or m a k i ng

,

i nto c akes o r bread T h e m al ted m i l le t i s cal led .

g ( S n
"
n i c h ) o r E i f ( S u ya ) a n d is co n sidered t o be cool i n g c ar m i na
-
, ,

t ive a n d s to m a c h i c
,
M ixed w i t h fa t a nd a ppl i ed to th e face
.
,

i t m akes th e sk i n soft a nd gl ossy M al ted r ice i s cal led if; .

( Tao n i e h ) or $5
-
2 i f:
( K u y a
) a n d is c o nsid ered to be pept
-
i c , ,

car m i nati ve reg u l at i n g a nd c o nstr u ct i ve

, T h e na c ked barley
, .

i s th e ki n d o f barley u s u al l y m al ted a n d t h is is cal led lfi 25 ,

u ng m a i n i e h ) or 25 i f M
“

( K ( a i ya
) a n d is co sidered to be
“

- -
-
n ,

p ep tic war m i n g sto m ac h i c a nd aborti facie nt

, , I t is prescri bed , .

i n ch olera as wel l as i n i n testi n al i nd igesti o n d ue to o v er

,

eati n g . I t i s also u sed i n post par t u m d i fl i c ul ti es a nd to -

s uppress t he se c re t i o n o f m i l k i n wo m e n w hose ch i ldre n h ave

d ied a t or a fter bi rth O t h er ki nds o f m al t or spro u ted gr ai n
.

are fo u nd b u t t h eir ge neral uses d o n ot di ff er fro m th ose g i ve n

,
.

M A L VA —T h e ch aracter as ( K u ei ) is appl ied to v ery

.
‘

m a n y m al vaceo us pla n ts a nd to se veral others . A bn ti ll on ,

A l t/
t ea
,
A n e m o n e,
B a s e l /
a ,
E r a n t ti s , / H el i a n t/
za s , H i bi s cu s ,
M a i r/a , CE a n t/
te ,
P ea cea a n n m
al l fi nd i t used as a d is
a nd
’

t i n gu i s h i n g ter m for o ne or m ore spec ies ; for t h is reaso n i t is

s o m e t i m es d i ffi c u l t to d ist i n g u i s h betwee n pla n ts o f t h ese d i ffer

e n t ge n era fig i f ( C h i n k uei ) see ms to be re garded by m ost -

‘
.

o bservers as M a i r/a sy l ves t r i s M a i r/a o er t i eztta ta or M a i r/a .

i t Ze/
zet l a i s ass i g ned to $ T u ng Ford a nd Crow
p 3 (
cal led 5 323 ( T u n g k u ei tz fi ) 1 39
5 a t-
H o n gko n g A ba t i tton
‘ -
, ,

i n d i ca nt b u t i n th e n or t h th i s ter m see ms to refer to a m al va

,
.

Faber makes M a i r/a oer ti ei tt a ta to be 35 36? ( T ie n b ut

'
‘

th e P en ts a o g ives th is as a sy n o ny m of
‘
$ 2 T u
52 ( w h i ch
‘

i n J apa n i s A n e mo n e or E r a n t/ zi s Li S h i h C h en says In .
-
 VEGE T AB L E K I NGDO M . 2 57

a ncie nt t i mes th e was a co mm o n food a nd was ra nk ed as ,

th e fi rs t of t h e fi v e v egetables b u t no w i t is no t m uch eate n I t

, .

wa s t h e n cal led 3 (
‘
L n k u ei de w - ‘
N ow i t is ,

also cal led ia gig ( H u a b u t i t i s n o t m uch c u l ti vated .

There are t wo k i nds d is t i n g u ish e d by t h e col or o f the ste m

, ,

w h ich is ei th er p urpl e or w h i te T h e la t ter is t h e best It

.
.

h as l arge l ea v es a nd s mal l yell ow or p urpl e flowers Th e .

k i nd w ith very m a n y s mal l fl owers is cal led m e, 5

550 i ( Y a ch i o -

’
k ue i
‘
, d u ck s l eg
‘ -
T h e fr u i t i s o f th e size of th e
e nd o f a fi n ger a nd flatte n ed
,
h a v i n g a th i n sk i n a nd th e seed s
, ,

are l i gh t a nd rese m ble th ose o f th e el m Th at sow n i n th e si x t h .

or seve n t h m oo n is ca lled y: i ; ( C h i u t h a t sow n i n th e

ei gh th or n i n th m oo n is cal led g ( T u ng a nd th a t

sow n i n th e fi rs t m oo n is cal led $ 3 31? ( C h u n Th us ‘

”
t h e pla n t c a n be used al l th e y ear T h e s h oots a nd leave s .

are eate n b ut t h ey are no t co nsidered t o be v ery h eal th fu l

, .

I f eate n raw t h ey are especi al l y h ar m fu l a nd t h e h eart o f th e

, ,

sh oo t is pos i ti vel y i nj urio us I f a perso n wh o h as bee n bi tte n

.

by a ma d d og a l th o u g h c ured ea t s o f t hese t h e d isease w i l l

, , ,

r et u rn . I f eate n w i t h garl ic t he poiso n o us actio n is n ot so ap t

,

t o s h ow i tse l f I t is t h e splee n ve getable a nd a ny a d va n ta ge

.
,

accr u i n g fro m i t s u se is gai n ed by t h a t or ga n Its muc i l .

a gi n o us q u al ities reco m me n d i t as a de m ulce n t i n sto m ach a nd

i ntesti na l tro u bles Its us e i s also sai d to l ubricate th e passages

.
,

a n d th us to re n der l abor easy T h e ash is u sed as a sty pti c i n

.

w o un ds T h e decocti o n is rec o m me n ded i n v er m i l l io n a nd

.

ot her m i n eral poiso n s a nd t h e seeds are si milarly used

,
The .

root is e m pl oyed i n fo ul u lcers a nd as a n a n til i t h ic d i u reti c , ,

a n d th irst rel ievi n g re m edy

- I t i s reco mm e n ded for d i ffi c ul t ie s
.

s i m i lar to t h ose for w h ic h th e stal k a nd lea v es are used .

M A N D RA G OR A ( La r
—
ng t u) 6 9 3 T h i s is a d o ub t
fi -
, .

f ul ide n ti fi cati o n The dr u g see ms to be a v ery a ncie nt o ne

.

w i t h t h e C h i nese as i t is m e n t io n ed i n th e S nen n a ng P en ts a o
,
‘ ‘

X X V I I Ce n t u ry B C ) as o ne o f t h e fi v e poiso n s t h e o ther
( I . . s

bei n g C r oton tzgl i n tn Ver a tr a nz A eon i tn nz a nd ca n th arides

, , , .

M a C h i ( X Ce n t ury ) classi fi es i t w i t h th e s i x ol d d r u gs

t h e ot her fi ve be i n g Zi p/t eam ora nge peel P i nell i a ta oer zf er a

, , ,

Ci tr u s f a s ca , a nd B oy tn i a r a ta oa rpa T h ere i s not muc h '

. .
2 58 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

d es c r ipti o n o f th e p l a n t I ts le aves are said t o rese m ble t h ose .

of P/ t t ota eea
y o r R h eu m
'

a nd both
’

th ese a nd th e ste m are ,

h i rs u te Th e root ex ter nal l y i s yel lo w b ut w i th i n i s w h i te

.
, .

I t is e xc ee d i nl y po i so n o us a n d i s u sed to destr o y birds a nd ,

beasts es pe c ial l y rats a n d oth er ver m i n

,
-
I ts m ed ic i n al actio n
,
.

is t h at of a sedat i ve i n co u g h s a n gi n a a n d col ic I t is , ,
.

al so u sed as a parasi tic i de i n th e 513 ( Kn) d isease a nd i n

”

paras i t i c sk i n d iseases Co m bi n ed w i th a n o th er u n ide n t i fied

.

pla n t c al l ed $31 5 ( Yeh k o) i t i s use d i n th e trea t m e n t o f

‘ -
,

deafness

M AN GROV E B AR K —T h e Rit i z opnor a m a ng le does n ot .

see m t o g row i n C h i na b u t accord i n g to B ow ra t h e bark i s , ,

i m ported fr o m S i a m a n d S i ngapore a nd is u sed t o d ye or ,

t a n t h e sai l s cordage a nd n ets o f sai l ors a n d fi sh er m e n

, , .

Th e n a m e g i ve n is in ? g ( K ao b u t th is fi rst ch aracter ‘

e v i de n tl y re fers to a n u pl a n d tree a nd i t i s m ade i de n t i c a l ,

‘

i n th e P é n ts a o w i th Ced r e ta s i n e n s i s A n oth er s u ggested .

i de n t i fi c at i o n i s P l a ty ea r i a s t r o oi ta ee a I n th e C us to m s Li sts .

i ; if; (
s} K h ) 5 a nd
rg ( K ao k ) 59 are iv e
‘ ‘
a o u a 9 1 -
,
u o , 2 g n a -
, , ,

b u t n o i de n t i fi c atio n i s s u ggested A n a m e g ive n for m a n .

"
grove bark i n G i les D i c ti o n a ry i s fifi ( C ie h t i ng
) b
’
‘
h ut
'

-
,

fro m w h at so u r c e th i s ter m is der i ved d oes n o t appear It .

i s n o t k n ow n th a t th e C h i n ese us e th e bark for a n y medi c

i na l p u rpose al th o ugh both i t a nd t h e fr ui ts are excel le n t
,

astri nge n ts .

M A NNA n is a t er m th a t i s u sed i n C h i
( K a n ln
) -

n ese tra n slatio n s o f I n d i a n books to express w ha t i s m ea n t by

th e Sa n s c ri t w ord a m mta t h e food o f the D evas a nd i t is

’

, ,

u sed i n C h i n a for m a n n a l i k e s u bst a n c es o f w h ic h th ere are -

,

S everal O ne is prod uc ed o n a c o n if ero us t ree a nd rese m bles

.
,

t h e m a n n a of B ria nco n A s i m il ar s u bsta nce called if i g .

,

an ln mi) is descri ed as o cc u rr i n g o n a s m al l pla n t i n Sze

’
( K - -
b ,

c h ua n Sa m ar c a n d a nd A rab i a
,
U n der t he h ead of fill E
,
.

( T z u mi
‘
)-
o r 3
5 5; (
5 Ts ao m i ) a c lear h o n ey l ik e s u bsta n ce
‘ -
, ,
-

i s spoke n o f as c o m i n g fro m Ta n g u t a n d pro d u ced u po n a ,

lea fless pla n t c alled i Bill] ( Ya n g ,

T h e T urc k i c tribe s
a re said; to c a l l th i s s u bs t a nce $ 5 5: ( C h i p o lo ) T h e -
‘ - .
260 C H I NE S E M A T E RI A M E D I C A .

M AR SILI A Q U A D R IF O LI A —E§ T h ere is so me .

co nfo und i ng t h is w i t h Hy d r oc/ za r i s L em n a a nd L i m n a n tlze , ,

m u m bot h i n C h i n a a nd J apa n
, T h is is a l arger pla n t th a n .

t h e ot h ers I t h as lea v es abo u t a n i n c h i n d ia me ter w h ic h

.
,

fl oat o n t h e s ur fa ce o f t h e water w h i le t h e root i s at th e botto m ,

o f t h e po nd Th e lea v es are arra n ged i n a q u adri for m m a n n er

.
,

a nd for t h is reaso n th e pl a n t is cal led 1

[23 fi 35 ( S S H yeh ts ai )
”
- - ‘

a nd
E] fi ( T ie n t z ii ‘
M a r s-
i l i a i s a pse u d o fer n a n d -
,

h as n o flowers a nd so w h e n C h i n ese writers speak o f w h i te

,

a nd yel lo w flowered var ieties

,
t h ey co n fo un d t h is w i t h L emna
a nd oth er pla n ts T h e dr u g is co n sidered to be coo li n g
.
,

d i uret i c resol v e nt a nd co n str uc ti v e I t s j u ice is applied local ly

, ,
.

t o s nake bi t es a nd u lcers .

M A T R I C AR I A I N D I CA .
if ( Y eh -
c h u -h u a ) . An
tlzem i s , Ca l e n d u l a , a n d Ch ry s a n t/
ze m u m are clearl y not

d isti n g u is h ed f ro m th is by the C h i n ese n a m e gi ve n

A n oth er .

i n th e P é n ts a o is ( K u i) I t grows p le n t i full v i n waste

‘ -
.

la n d . I n Japa n i t is id e n t i fi ed as Py r etnr u m i n d i cu m Th e .

w h ol e pl a n t is u sed i n m ed i c i ne A d m i n istered i n d e c octi o n .

,

i t is co nsidered to be resol v e n t b ut i t is u sed pri n c i pal l y a s ,

a fo m e n tati o n t o s well i ngs , boi ls t uberc u lo us gla nds , a nd ,

i n fl a med ey es .

M E D IC AGO S A TI VA fi ( M u -s u
) T h is
. is o n e of .

th e pla nt s said to h av e bee n bro u gh t t o C hi n a by G e nera l

C h a n g C h ie n o f t h e H a n dy n asty Its fore i g n or i gi n is i n .

d i c a ted by th e fact that i ts Ch i nese n a m e is vario usl y wr i tte n

w i th ch aracters o f si m i lar so u nd It also h as a n a m e derive d .

f ro m a B u dd h i st book i n w h i c h th e ch aracters g E 7]
, ( Sai
p i l i k a ) ev ide n tly sta nd for a n I nd ia n na me poss i bl y s i oa rg a
- -
, ,

w h ich is th e co mm o n n a me for Tr ifoti u m g iga n teu m i n K ab u l .

M ed i cag o s a ti va is there called ms né a I n E u rope th e flowers

'

of t h is pla n t are us ual l y p urpl e o r bl u e ; b u t h ere th ey are

y el low For th i s reaso n th e pla n t is so m e ti m es th o ugh t to be
.

M ea i eag o a en ti eu l a ta
’ ’
Faber ide n ti fi es th is latter w i th £ 2 {E
.

( Ts ‘
ao 1 3 51 or Q 75 g ( Ch i n h ua
,
1 53 N e i th er -
.

of th ese n a mes is fo u n d i n th e P en ts a o H e also i nd e nt i fies .

M ea i m g o l up u l i n a w it h éf fi ( N i ii t s ao ) or fi fi
‘ ”
’
u y n - -
_
 VEGE T A B L E K I NG D O M . 26 1

( H u a n g -h ua ) , accord i ng to th e descri ptio n i n th e K u a ng

a nd

c/zun f a ng p u , t h is is probabl y c orrec t Th e M u s u i s i nc l uded

'

- - -
.

a m o ng th e ve getables a nd was for m erl y e xte ns i vel y c u l ti vated

,

a n d i n so m e parts o f C h i na is sti l l gro w n I t i s fo u nd h ow ,

.
,

ever grow i n g al m ost e v ery w h ere O f i ts o wn a c cord

,
I t is n ot .

m u c h val ued as a ve getabl e as i t is a l m ost tasteless I t is ,

.

co n sid ered too cool i ng to be eate n very freq ue n tly a n d i t is ,

th o u gh t to make o ne th i n w h i c h is al ways care ful ly a v oide d ,

by th e C h i nese I f eate n wi t h h o ney i t is s aid to ca use

.

d yse n tery I t is t h o ugh t to be n e fi t the i n testi n es a nd to be

.
,

ge n eral l y dep u rati ve Th e root is prescribed i n feverish a nd

.

h igh col ored u ri ne Th e expressed j ui c e i s rep u ted to h a v e so me

.

e meti c properties , a nd is ad m i n istered i n gravel t o rel i e v e pai n .

M E LI A A Z E D A RA C H ( Lie n) if? tfi ( K .
—t§
u l ie n) ,
"
‘ -
,

fi 5 } ( S é n s h u) Th-
e fr u i t i s
. c al led Q i f} 3
? ( C h i n l i n g t z u) - -
.

T h e spec ies fro m Szech u a n cal led M 15313 5? ( C h u a n l ie n ‘ -

2 51 ,
a nd w h ic h is M e ti a t oos e n a a n is co nsidered the best ’
, .

Th e C h i nese d o no t d isti ng uis h clearl y be twee n t h e se t wo

spe c ies T h e fr u its of th e latter co n s i st of a fl es h y gl ob u lar
.
,

d r u pe abo u t three q uarters O f a n i nch i n d ia m e ter covered

,
-
,

w i th a sh i n i n g yel low sk i n a nd u s u al ly m uc h sh ri vel l e d

, ,
It .

is larger th a n th at o f M el i a a z ed a r a ch , a nd probabl y cor

respo nds to t h e n i m or m a rg os a fr ui ts of I n d ia Th ey y iel d .

a b i tter oil a nd both i n I n d i a a nd C h i na are used as a n a nth e l

,

m i nt i c re m edy A t th e t i m e o f t h e D rago n Festi va l (fi fth d ay

.

of th e fi fth m oo n) ba m boo s pro uts a nd rice cakes are wra ppe d

i n azedara c h leaves a n d tied w i th sil k th read o f fi ve d i ff ere n t
,

col ors a nd th ese parcel s are t h ro w n i n to s t rea ms t o prop i t ia t e

,

t h e spiri t o f th e waters T he ph oe nix a nd t he u nicor n a re

.

said to eat th e fr u i ts o f t h is tree b ut t h e dra go n ab h ors t h e m , .

T he tree grows very rapid l y a nd a t Ca n ton i ts t i m ber is cal led ,

ifi k (7 S e n m u) A l ways re me m beri ng th at th e C h i nese d o

-
.

n o t d i sti n g u ish betwee n th e t wo species o f M el ia t h e med ici na l ,

properties as c ri bed to t h e fr u its m a y be said t o be t h ose o f a n

a n tifebri le q uieti n g a n th el m i ntic a nd d i ure tic re med y T h ese
, , , .

fr uits are a fi ve ce l led d r u pe ye l low w h e n ripe a n d d ark a nd

-
, ,

s h ri vel led wh e n kept a n y l e n t h o f ti m e Th e a z ed a r a ch i s

g .

muc h s mal ler th a n th e C/ z ua n l i en tz u meas uri n

‘
g a b o u t h-
a lf -
,
 262 C HI NE S E M A T E R I A M E D I C A .

an i nc h d ia me t er Th ey co n tai n a s to ne furrowed l ongi tu

in .
,

d i na ll y by fi Ve or si x rid ges Th e tas te i s b itter a nd t h ey a re .

, ,

l ik e the l eaves said to be d ele terio us b u t d ri vi n g a way i n fe c

, ,

t io n Th e lea ves are u sed i n d eco c tio n for th e rel ie f o f pa i n i n

.

h er n i a T he fl owe rs a re u sed fo r pric kl y h ea t a nd are p ut

.
,

u n der bed m ats to destroy fl eas a nd l i ce Th e bark o f t h e roo t .

a n d tree 6 3 3 i s a n th el m i n tic a nd parasi tic id e

, , I t is h igh ly .

val ued i n i n testi na l w or m s a nd paras i tic sk i n d iseases Th e .

r oot 6 3 2 a nd seeds 6 3 4 are m e n ti o ned i n t h e C us to ms Lists,

, , , ,

b u t are n o t spec ial l y no ticed i n th e P é n ts a o .

M E LIL O TU S ARV E N SI S ( H s un .

2
Li n g l i ng h s i a n g ) Th is is th o u gh t by se vera l obse rvers to
( - -
.

be th e l ab iate Oci m u m ba s i l i cu m b ut th e w e ig h t o f a ut hor i ty

see m s to be i n favor o f id e n t i f y i ng i t w i th t h is fragra n t leg um
i no us ge nu s I t is q u ite possi ble tha t C h i n ese bota n ists o fte n
.

c o nfo u nd i t w i th Oezm u nz bo th o n acco un t o f i ts fragra nce a nd

’

o f sev era l oth er rese m bl a nces ( H s ii n

) ( L a n
.
) a n d fi , ,

( H sieh ) are c h ara c ters w h i ch h ave passed i n to classi cal l i tera

t u re as types o f fragra n ce a nd re fi ne m e n t T h e a ncie n ts used .

t o b u r n th e H s un pl a n t as i n ce nse to m ake t h e s pirits d esce nd ,

a n d w h e n w or n i n t h e gi rd le i t is sai d to d ispe l ] n oxi o us i n

flu e nc es T h e pla n t see ms t o h ave be e n fi rs t grow n i n i [Q

.

( Li n g l i n g)
- the prese
,
nt 5
k £11 H f ( Y u n g c h o u fu
) i n so u ther n

H u na n . I t grows i n m o i s t gro u nd a nd is fo u nd th ro u gh o ut ,

t h e Ya ngtse prov i nces O n acc o u n t o f i ts fragra n ce th e pla n t

.
,

is use d for ma k i n g m ats pi llo ws a nd ma ttresses ,

I t is als o
,
.

e m ployed i n cos m e tic appl ica ti o ns M ed ici nal l y i t is regard e d

.
,

as car mi n ati ve cal m ati v e a n od y n e a nd astri nge nt

, ,
I t is pre
,
.

s cri bed i n flat u l e nce colds m u sc u la r r h e u matis m poly p us o f

, , ,

t h e n ose a nd tooth ach e

, W h e n i n gested i t is said to h ave
.
,

t h e property of i m part i ng i t s fragr a n ce to t h e body a th i n g ,

m u c h desired by t h e C h i n ese i n the a bse n ce o f soap as wa s ,

f or merl y th e case The fr u its a re regarded as to nic

. The .

m u coi d s a p fo und i n th e s tal k a nd root is u sed i n col d s a nd

i n fl ue n za a nd is regarded as a n excelle n t local appl ica t io n i n
,

p i les
, prol aps e o f th e a n u s a n d seat w or m s , .

M E N I SP E R M U M D AU RI C U M .
—See Coecut us
'

.
264 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

rai n a nd th e n t o bat h e i n t h e decocti o n I t i s also rec om

, .

m e n ded i n c o m bi n at i o n w i t h ot her dr ugs i n n a usea a nd vo m i t

i ng as w el l as i n d ropsy
,
.

M E T A PL E X IS ST A U N T O N I I fig ( Lo m o) .
-
,

( H u a n l a n) -
T h e f r u i ts of t h is creep i n g pla n t hav e se vera l
.

f a n ci fu l n a m es s u ch as gnK C ,h i o 35i: L z
( Ya ng p o m -
‘

na i )
Q , g i i g E ! ( P o p o c h é n hs i e n pao
) a
‘
n d Q Q
- ‘

Q; E
- - -
, m
( P ‘
o p o c h é n tai é r h )
-
‘ -
I t is -
a cl i m
-
bi n g pla
. n t t h e s tal ks of ,

w h i ch w h e n broke n ex ud e a w h i te j u i ce
, , I t i s c ul ti v ated .
,

a n d t h e l ea v es are eate n bo th ra w a nd cook ed Th e fr u i t is .

ree n a nd f ro m t w o t o fo u r i n c h es l o n g O n acco u n t o f i ts
g , .

s h ape i t i s also cal led

, fi fi ( Ya ng c h i o Th e pla n t -

bel o ngs to t h e na t ural order A sclep i adace ae a n d is fo un d i n ,

n ort h C h i na bo t h w i l d a nd c u l ti va ted
, T h e seeds are t h e .

parts used i n m ed i ci n e ; b ut t h e v ir t ues of t h e l ea v es are c on

s i d e red to be ide n ti c al The y are t h o ugh t t o be t o n i c a nd
.

co nstr u cti v e T h e cr us h ed seeds are appli ed t o w o unds a nd

.

u lcers as a n astri n ge n t a nd h e m ostati c re m edy T h ey are .

also a ppl ied to al l sorts o f i nsect bi tes a n d if freq ue n t l y used , ,

are th o u g ht to h a v e so me esc h arotic p roperi es .

M I C H E LI A C H A M P A C A — Por t er S mi t h gi v es t h e fol .

l ow i n g ch aracters for th e Ch i n ese na m e o f th is m ag n ol i aceo u s

n po)
t ree : 5 g 15 ( C hé i); ( C h é 5 Q Jg ( C h ‘
n -
t1 e n o -
[ , p _

k a) b ut th e so urce fro m wh i c h h e sec ured th ese h a s not bee n

fo und Fro m w h ateve r so urce t h ey may h ave bee n derived
.
,

th ey are ev ide n tl y a n a t te m pt t o tra n sl i terate t h e I nd ia n n a me

t sj a mj fia c or Ic/ za m a ka
p
,
I t is sai d to be f o u n d i n C h i.n a b u t ,

perh aps i s o n l y c ul ti vated h ere I t h as very fragra n t yel l ow .

fl ow ers a n d a n ed ible fr u i t
,
I ts bark is u se d w i t h t ha t o f .
,

oth er m ag n oli as t o ad u l terate ci n na mo n I t has bee n u sed i n

,
.

th e M a uri t i us w i t h so m e s u ccess i n th e t rea t me n t o f t he l ow

, ,

i nt er m i tte nt fe v ers of th a t isla nd .

M I RAB ILI S JA L A P A — §f§ X i i] ( Tz ii mo-l i ) Eff H E .

-
,

n t h e K u a ng — m
) Th is is described i ckzén
fi
’

( Y é rl c hi h .
g p u - -
.

Th e fl owers are o n l y used for co s m et i c p urposes Faber al so .

g i v es k i 3E (+1 : : H u o t a n mu t s ao ) a s a n a me fo r th is M
- a r ve
‘
l - - ‘
 VEGE T AB L E K I NGDO M . 265

of P er u , or F ou r cl ock b -o
’
u t th e descrip t io n i n th e P é nts a o ,

does n o t agree T h e seco nd n a m e above g i v e n si m pl y r e fers to

.

i ts cos metic uses O th er pla n ts also bear t h is na m e i n so m e

.

f or m ( see B a s ell a f a bm a nd Ch en op od zu m a l bu m)
'

. A no t h er .

n a m e so m e t i m es f o u d sed f i t is $55 fig $2 ( Hsi t sao h ua )

1
n u or - -
,

beca use i t bloo ms a t t h e t i me o f day w h e n people us u al ly bat h e .

M OM ORD IC A CH A R A N TIA JR ( K u k ua ) 6 2 8 .
‘ -
, .

A lso cal led fig 23 ( C h i n l i c h i h ) a nd

fi fi fi ( Lai p u - - - ‘

f ro m th e warty a ppeara nce of i t s fr ui t T h e pla n t origi n al l y .

ca m e fro m th e co u n t ries so uth o f C h i na b ut is n o w grow n i n ,

t h e so uth er n provi n ces I t i s l i ke ned i n appeara nce t o th e .

w i ld grape v i n e b u t is s mal ler T h e pepo v aries fro m tw o to

,
.

fi ve i n ch es i n le n gth is o f a gree n col or a n d t h e ski n i s , ,

m arked w it h lo n gi t u di na l rows o f obl o n g t u bercles wi th th e ,

i n ter v e ni n g space crowded w i t h s mal ler t ubercles I n t h is .

t uberc ulated appeara nce i t is l ike ned t o t h e l ichee a nd f ro m i t ,

t akes th e seco nd a nd t h ird n a m es gi v e n abo v e W he n i t i s r i pe .

i t i s yel l o w i n col or a nd i t ev e nt u al l y b urs t s ope n ex h ibi ti n g

, ,

a bea u t i fu l red p ul p e ncl osi ng t h e seeds T h e p ul p i s swee t .

a n d c a n be eate n T h e se ed s are th e s h ape o f sq uash seeds

.
,

a n d are also t u berc u l a t ed T h e fr ui t is co nsi d ered t o be cool .

i ng a n d stre n gth e n i ng Th e seeds be ne fi t th e breath a nd .

i nv igorate th e m al e pri nciple ( p g Ya ng) Th e d ried fr u i t i n ,

.

sl i c es J R $5; ( K u k u a k a n ) 6 2 9 a nd th e ped uncles g [11

‘ - - :
, , , ,

ii ( K n k ua t i) 6 3 0 are me n ti o ned i n th e C usto m s Lists , b ut

i } ‘ - -
, ,

t h ey are not spoke n o f i n t h e P é m s a o ‘

.

M O M ORD I C A C O C H I N C H I N E N SI S — 7k l
} ( Ma .

pieh t z u) 8 7 2
-
,
A lso called .
g ( M u h sieh ) These n a m es -
.

refer to t he for m o f th e seeds w h ich are l i ke ned to a t u rtle o r ,

crab Th e pl a n t i s a c u c urbitace o us o ne w it h a pere nn ial root

.
.

I t is descr i b ed as co m i ng up i n t h e S pri ng i n t h e for m o f a

v i ne or creeper h av i n g a fi v e poi n ted l ea f rese mbli n g tha t o f
,

B a ta ta s e d u l zs gree n a nd sh i n y
'

, I n th e f o ur t h or fi fth m oo n .

i t bears yell ow flowers fol lo wed by t he fr u i ts w h ic h rese m bl e , ,

t hose o f Tr zcos a n tfzes mu l tzl oba b ut l arger fi rst gree n i n t -

' '

olor , s
,

a n d w he n r i pe yell owis h red a nd co v ered w i t h soft prick l e s -

.

E ac h fr ui t co nt ai ns f ro m t h irt y to forty seeds flat a n d of th e , ,

266 C H I N E S E M AT ER I A M ED I C A .

pe c uliar sh ape i n d i c ated by th e n a m e I n th e so u th th e y o u n g .

pepo a n d th e leaves a re sa i d to be ea te n as a vege tabl e Th e .

seed is o f a l igh t to d ark brow n c ol or hav i n g a do u ble row o f ,

t uber c l es a t th e m argi n a nd th e testa fragile ro u gh e n ed a n d

, ,

so m eti mes coarsel y re ti c ul ated Th ey vary fro m th ree q uarters .

-

to o ne a nd a q uarter i n c h es i n d i a m ete r a n d co n tai n t wo l arge

-
, ,

oi ly co ty led o ns gree n o n th e o u tside a nd y ell o w i n ter nall y

,
.

These coty led o n s are u sed i n m ed i c i n e b u t th e o il fo r th e m os t ,

par t i s fi rs t re m oved Th ei r a c ti o n is co n sidered to b e c o n

.

str uc tive a nd resol ve n t a nd th ey a re pres c r i be d i n str u m o us

,

s wel l i n gs of th e n e c k m a m m ary abscess m ese n teri c e n l arge

, ,

m e n ts br uises wo u n ds swel l i n gs
, ,
and u l cers T hey are
, ,
.

reco m me n ded i n ch ro nic m alaria e nlarg e d splee n a nd fl uxes , ,

.

M ON OC H O RI A H A ST A T A .
2; (
32 Tz ii k u
),
‘ -
1 426 .

T h is is also cal led 7k iii; ( S h u i th u s c o n fo u nd i n g i t w i th

L a n n a a nd oth er species o f M o n oc/ Th e sh oots are call ed
'

zor za .

"
T
E; 7] E ( .
C h ie n tao Th
-
e pri n c i pal n a m e i s al so w ri tte n

13 3g T m zt mr za
'

th is is d sti g ish ed fro

'

z u ku d i S
; ( )
‘
a n-
n
,
o t n u a
g
be i n g th e latter i n t h e n orth a nd Al on oc/ zor za i n
'

,
’

t h e so u th ( See S ag zzta r za
’
‘
.

M O N OC H OR I A K OR S A K O WII u —ifi ‘

; T his h as
th e sa m e C h i n ese n a m e as th e L a nn a m i n or , a nd i s t h ere fore
n o t d isti n g u ish ed fro m th e l atter L em n a m i n or
( See . .
)

M ON OCH OR I A V A G I NA LI S $5 s h ih ) R, { f
IE F .
1
( F ou - ,

g (
r Y a shé
-
1 8
4 3 Th i s fl o a t i ng p ol y go n u m
. or
’ ”
d u c k s to n g u e i s l ike n ed to E r a s e /1 221 p el ta ta
,
Li k e a l l .

w ater pla n ts i t i s co nsidered to be cool i n g

, .

M O R U S A L B A —i ( Sa n g ) Th e m u lber ry tree is prob .

abl y t h e best k n ow n tree o f C h i na Its c u l t i vat io n c a n be .

tra c ed to re m ote a n t iq u i ty A c c ord i n g to a n c ie n t t rad i tio n.

,

S i l i n g t h e e m press o f H u a n gti ( B C
-
,
ta u gh t th e peo p l e . .

h o w t o rear silk wor m s u s i n g th e m u l berry leaves fo r th a t ,

p urpose Th e tree i s c u l t i vated i n al l parts o f th e e m p i re

.
,

be i n g fo u n d i n severa l varieties C ul t i va t i o n a nd th e c o nsta n t .

de n ud i n g th e t re e o f i ts lea ves has res u l ted i n gre a tl y mod i fy i n g

 268 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

of col d ( 51 F é ng) They are also d i ure t ic a nd pec t oral

, . A .

l y e m ade of t he ash es o f m u lberry wood is u sed as a sti m u la n t

a nd escharot i c i n scaly sk i n d iseases a nd u n heal t h y gra n u la

ti o n s
. Th e bark o f th e tree is so m e ti mes used to dye a brow n
color . Th e C h i nese clai m t h at t he seeds proc ured f ro m t h e
excre me n t of fowls a nd d ucks w h ich h ave bee n fe d u po n t h e
berries prod u ce pl a n ts that are m ore l ikel y to gro w to lea f
,

th a n t o fr u i t a nd are th ere fore m ore s uitable for si l k wor m

,

reari ng .

M O S L A GRO S S E S E RRA T A ( C h i n i ng ) T h is ?
7
5
-
. 1 .

is a l ab i ate pla n t w h ich o n acco u n t o f i ts fo u l odor is cal led

, ,

i fi ( C h o u s u) a n d o n acco u n t o f t h e col or of i ts leaves is

‘ -
,

9 fi ( C h i n g pa i s u) I t is li k e ned to S ta r/ay s
l
cal led ‘ - -
.

p
a s er a . I t gro ws al m ost e v ery w h ere o n pla i n s a nd h as a ,

h irs u te lea f w i th a bad Odor Th e poor people eat i t b u t th e .

,

taste is not very pleasa nt T he stal k a n d leaves are u sed i n .

m ed ic i ne are c o nsidered t o be car mi n ati v e a nd war m i n g a nd

, ,

are reco mm e nded i n he art b u r n -

.

M O SL A P U N C T A T A —E fi 3 ( S h i h ch i n i ng ) In .
- -
.

J apa n E? fl it ( C h io c h ua n g ) is give n as a n
-
eq u ival e n t for t h i s
pla n t b u t th is n a me applies prope rly to f n s t zrza p r ocn méen s
'

, .

T he dr u g i s u sed as a war m i n g a nd car m i n ative re medy a nd ,

i n deco c t i o n as a wash for parasi t ic sk i n d iseases I t grows .

a m o n g th e ro c ks i n m o u n tai n o u s d istr icts to t h e h ei gh t o f o ne

o r tw o feet I t h as s m al l l eaves a nd p u rple fl owers
. The h i l l .

p eopl e e m pl oy i t as a s u bs t i t u te for th e l ast .

M UCI L A G E 7k I }? ( S h ui c h iao) . C h i n ese muci lage is

- -
.

ve ry good a nd i s us u al ly m ade fro m sea weed t o w hi c h is

, ,

added a l i ttle al u m O th er s u bsta nces are a lso u sed s uch as

.

so m e of th e m alvaceo us pla n ts a nd f r u its th e bu ng ta l z fr ui ts

'

, ,

th e gu m fro m th e pea c h tree ( i315 T ao ch i ao ) a nd that fro m ‘ -

t h e pl u m tree (Ea H L
} S h u ch i ao) a l l a flo rd i ng excel le n t
'

a -
, ,

m aterial fo r m ak i n g m u c ilage a n d bei n g u sed as de m u l c e n t ,

re medies B u t th e t h i n g m ost com m o n l y u sed i n Ch i na bot h

.
,

fo r s uspe nd i n g i nsol u ble dr u gs a n d as a pas te for ad hes i ve

p u rp oses is ri c e c o ngee It i s a n e fli c i e nt i nstr ume n t u s u al ly
.
,
 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDOM . 2 69

ready h a nd or very easily pre pared

at ,
Th e C h i n ese l i terary .

ma n us u al ly d epe n ds U po n a fe w grai n s o f cook ed rice l eft

over fro m h is l ast m ea l for sti c k i n g togeth er paper s u rfaces
, .

”
M UCU N A C A P IT A T A ff ( Li t
. o n) 52 E ( Li to n) -
, .
-
,

5 ff H u to u) Th is i s a J apa n ese i de n ti fi c ati o n a nd i t is n o t

56 ( ,
-
.
,

q u i te cer t a i n t h at t h is is th e pla n t m e n ti o n ed i n th e P é n tsa o .

W h a t is t h ere described is a leg um i no us pla n t beari n g a h airy

pod h a v i n g a p urple flower w h ic h rese m bles tha t of D a l i a/ms
,

u m bel l a tn s w h i le th e leaves rese m ble t h ose o f D oZzc/

'

zo s l a bl a b .
,

T h e bea ns are o f t h e size o f t h ose o f Ca mb er/ Zi a

a nd are m ottled w i t h bl ack They are v ery good eati n g
.

w h e n cook ed w i th pork or c h i ck e n T h ey are co n s i dered .

t o be sl i gh tl y del eterio u s a nd m edic i nal l y are w ar m i ng a nd

,

respiratory .

M UL G E D IU M S I B I R I A C U M — g fi ( C h u s h é ng) T h is r
-
.

is co n fo un ded w i th S es a mu m by C h i n ese bota n ists a nd is ,

m e n tio ned i n th e P é n ts a o u n der th a t ar t icl e H owever th is .

,

p rese n t ide n ti fi cati o n is very u n certai n al t h o u gh t h e seeds ,

(g K fi C h ii s h é ng t z u
)
-
2 3
-
4 a n,
swer tol erably wel
, l to t h i s
descri ptio n S t ra nge to say th e C usto ms Lists id e nti fy th e m
.
,

w it h t h e seeds o f I mpa ti e n s ba l s a mzn a

'

A s des c r i bed by
. .

B ra un th ey are y el low is h brow n i n col or obl o n g a n d h ave al l

, , ,

t h e appeara nce o f fe nn el seeds Th ose fo u n d i n th e S h ops o f

.

P ek i n g are o f t wo ki nds bl ack a n d y el low is h w h i te

, W hat -
.

th e black are is very u n certai n T h e o t hers were regarded .

by M a xi mo wi c s as seeds O f [ xer zs or M n lg ea zn m Th e m ed
'
’
'

i cal a c tio n o f t h ese seeds i s said t o be to n ic t o t h e v is c era ,

respiratory a n d stre n gth e ni ng to t h e si news a nd bo nes Th e

, .

dr u g w il l also d issolve c i nn abar .

M U R RA Y A E X O TIC A —1L E .
E (C h i u l i h si a n g - -

t s ao )
‘
N o descri pti o n o f t h is pla nt is
.
g i v e n i n the book s I t .

i s prescr ibed for abdo mi nal abscess .

M U S A S A PI E N TU M — fi E ( K a n c h i ao) 61:
”

( P ‘
a -
.
, ,

c h iao) A lso co mm o n l y cal led

.
E ( H s i a n g c h iao
) A good ,
- .

des c r i ptio n of th is p l a nt is gi ve n i n th e P é n zs a o b ut n o dis ‘

,
 2 70 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

ti nctio n i s m ade betw ee n th e pla n t ai n a nd t h e ba na na ( M u m

A n u m ber of v arieties are m e n t i o n ed s uch as
'

p a r a d i s zca ) .
,

$1: E ( H u ng c h iao) fi g ( S h u i c h iao ) fl é ( Y a ch iao) 4: 2L

,
-
, ,
-
,

7& N u j u ch i ao ) W E
( i -
( P a n c h ia o
-
) fl $
il ; , E ( F O sh o u ch i ao ) -
,
-
,

filfi ¥ E ( C h i tz u c h iao ) i A E ( M ei j e n ch i ao) a nd 11g; fi fli

n , ,
- -
,

( T an p in
g ch
‘
i ao ) T he pla n t is m e t w
. i th i n Szech ua n F u ,

k ie n a nd th e so u t h er n provi nces
, I t grows i n th e Ya ngtse .

provi n ces b ut seldo m ripe n s i ts fr u i t

, Th e fr ui t is co nsidered .

to be very cooli n g a nd sh o ul d n o t be eate n i n excess , Wh e n .

eate n i n t h e ra w state i t rel ie ves th i rst m oiste ns th e l un gs , , ,

p u r ifi es th e bl oo d h eals wo u n ds a n d is a n ti v i n o u s
,
S tea m ed ,
.
,

i t pro m otes th e c i r c u l ati o n o f th e bl ood a n d e n r i c h es th e

m ar r ow Th e root 8 4 is c o nsi dered to be a n ti febri le a nd
.
, ,

res torative B r u ised i t i s ap pl i ed to w o u nds a n d u lcers a nd

.
, ,

th e j u ice is ad m i n istered i n j a u nd ice i n fl ue nza a nd post part um , ,

-

d i fli c ul ti e s Th e v iscid sa p o f t h e pla n t w h i c h is c a lle d E 5

.
th ,

( C h iao yu) is proc u red by t hr u sti ng a ba m boo t ube i n to th e

-
,

stal k a n d collect i ng th e sa p i n a bot tl e I t h as th e a n ti febrile .

properties o f t he oth er parts a n d i s spec ial l y reco m me nded i n ,

ep i le psy vertigo a n d t o preve n t w o me n s h ai r fro m fal l i n g

, ,
’
,

t o i nc rease i ts grow th a nd to restore i ts col or Th e br u i sed .

l eaves are part i c ularl y re c o mm e nded as a po u l tice i n i n ci pi e n t

abscesses T h e fl owers a re used i n cardi al gi a
. .

— "
M U S C L fi ( T ai ) i s al m o s t a fa m i l y
"

a m e for mos s es
‘
n ,

b u t i s n o t co n fi n e d to th ese bei n g also a t ti m es appl i ed to ,

a lg ae f u n i
, g a n d so m e aq u at i c sper m aph y tes
,
Several m osses .

are m e n ti o ned i n th e P é n l s a o Ffi E ( C h i h li ) w h ich i s . i

-
,

vari o usl y c al led 7k (S h ui f“? ( S h u i m e n)

i a n d 33
1 ? -
,

T ai
‘
is probabl y Cc r m n zu i n r u br u m I t was for m erl y .

u sed for m ak i n g a k i n d o f paper a n d is st i l l gath ered a n d dri ed ,

for food u nd er t h e n a m e O f 1g; 315( T ai f u) I t is co ns i dered ‘ -

.

to be very n o ur ish i n g I ts m ed i c i n al actio n is cool i ng pept i c

.
, ,

a nd e m ol lie n t I t i s u sed i n fl u x e s i n fl ue nza a n d c i n naba r

.
, ,

poiso n i n g The m oss grow i n g i n o l d w ells all: 41 g ( C h i ng

.

c h u ng is o f rep u te i n th e tre a t m e n t o f w o u nds s c alds a n d ,

b u r n s a nd i s c o nsidered to be a n a n t i d o te to several vege tabl e

,

po i so n s Th at fro m t h e botto m o f boats jig? E5 35 ( C h u a n

"
‘
.
, ,

ti i s prescr i bed i n he m optysis gravel a n d i n fl ue n za .

, ,
 2 72 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

a nd air passages w i th be ne fi ci al properties as be fore

, Th e .

fi fth grows o n C ha n gsh a n h as a sal tish taste acts spe c ial l y o n , ,

th e u ri n ary orga n s a nd i s o f e q ua l y ge neral val ue w i th th e

,

o th ers . T h e s i xth co m es fro m th e K a oh s i as h a n ( locat i o n n o t

k n ow n) is o f a s wee tis h cool i n g taste a c ts o n th e bo nes a n d
,
-
,

l i ga me n ts a nd h as th e g e neral co nstr uc ti ve properti es of th e

,

o th ers . I t is also rec o mm e nded i n dea fness a nd h e m orrh oi d s .

E ( M u é rh ) h as bee n id
-
e n ti fi ed by so m e observers as
E x i d i a a u r i cu l a j u d e b u t th e probabi l i ty is rath er i n favor
,

o f its bei n g A u r i cu l a r i a e ve n as i t s n a m e i m pli es bel o ngi n g

, ,

t o t he order o f A u r i cu la r i a les rath er th a n t o that o f Tr a u ma!

J u l es. F ive species h ave alread y bee n m e n tio ned i n th e arti cle
o n E x id i a Th ree oth e rs are gi v e n i n th e P é u i s a o Th a t
.
‘
.

grow i n g upo n Cu d m u i a tr i l oba $5 fl ( C h é érh) is e m pl oyed ,

-
,

i n th e treat m e n t o f d i seases o f t h e respira tory orga ns especi all y ,

h e m optysis a n d feti d expec tora ti o n Th e o n e growi ng u po n .

D i e m i l l a v er s i col or j% j g E ( Y a n g l n é rh ) is e m pl oyed to
’
- -
,

scat ter ecc h y m oses a n d h as th e rep u tati o n o f re nd eri ng th e

,

bl ood fl u id Th e o ne grow i n g u po n Cu u u i ug /
. za mi a s i n en s i s

fi ( S ha n c hii n) is rep u ted to rel ie v e cardial gia

-
,
S til l .

a n oth er gro wi n g u po n G l ed zts c/ i i a ck i u e u s i s E (

'

, 5 Tsao ,

ch i a hs i n) is o f h i g h rep u te i n scat ter i n g i n c i p ie n t abscesses

-
,

a n d i n th e treat m e n t of d i arrh oea d ue to c ol d .

T h e 2} g ( H sia n g h si n ) grows u po n th e P a u lo w u i a th e
7 -
,

w il low Ci tr u s f usca a n d H ov e n i a d u l ci s
’

I t is o f t wo col ors ;
’

.
, ,

th e p urpl e be i n g c al led fi g ( H si a n g hsi n) a nd th e w h i te -

[is] $1 (J o n hs i n) Th e la tter i s th e flesh y sort a nd is probabl y

-
.
,

B ol e t u s .Th ey are said to be ne fi t respira t i o n c ure c olds a n d , ,

p uri fy th e blood A k i n d gro wi n g u po n th e pi n e tree is u sed

.

i n th e treat m e n t o f go norrh oea A nother m ush roo m k n ow n .

,

as if? 712 ii i: ( K o h u a ts ai ) a nd E; C -
fl ( K o j u)
- is red
‘
i n col or
,
-
, ,

w i th a l arge flat h y m e ni um ,
I t is u sed i n th e treat me n t of .

e x c ess i n w i ne A m ush roo m k n o wn as 36 T

.
E E ( T i e n h u a
‘ -

h si n ) a nd B E 75 j g (
t? T ie h is fragra t ‘
w h i te i n c olor
‘

n u a n -
, ,

a n d is re garded as a fi n el y ed i ble varie ty I t i s co ns id ered to .

be resp i rator y a nd a n th e l mi n tic A n oth er fles h v m u sh roo m .

,

k n ow n as $2 13135 E ( M o k u h s i n) grows u po n the d ecay i n g

1 - -
,

w ood o f th e m u l b err y a n d th e p a per m ul berry I t i s tw o or -

.

th ree i nc h es l o n g co ni c al s mal l a t th e base a n d l a 1 ge at th e

, ,
 VE GE T AB L E K I NGDOM . 2 73

u pper ex t re mi t y w h i te i n col or exceed i ngl y fra gil e a nd

, , ,

h ol lo w i n ter nall y O w i n g to i ts sh a pe i t is co m m o n ly cal led

.
,

tifE fl ik fgf fi (C h i t u i m o k u) Th i s i s probabl y o ne o f th e

‘ fi ‘
- - -
.

C lavar i a c e ae a nd m a y be , I ts m ed i c i n al ac tio n i s
u po n th e i n test i n es a n d sto m ach a n d i t is also sai d to d issol ve ,

ph leg m a n d be ne fi t respiratio n A cl ub sh aped m u sh roo m .

-
,

cal led at fiffi ( Ch i ts un g ) a n d Sifi E (C h i ch i i n) is fo u n d i n th e

- -
t
,

sa nd y pla i n s o f Y u n n a n A si m i lar ki n d c al led E a ( Le i .

,

c h ii n ) co m es fro m K i a n gs i
,
B oth of th ese are u sed as food .
,

eate n w i th tea or cooked w i th m eat broth They are th o u gh t .

to be n e fi t th e sto mach i n v i gorate th e spirits a nd t o c u re , ,

h e m orrh oids A for m gro wi n g u po n th e r udders o f old sea

.

go i n g sh i ps is cal led fro m th is fac t fie f é ( To

"

I t i s use d
i n th e treat m e n t o f goi tre .

The poiso n o us varieties o f m u sh roo m go u nder th e n a mes

i 5? ( 5 T c h ) j: E ( T h si ) fig E ( Ti h si ) fl
‘
"
‘
u u n -
u n ,
n -
, ,
-
,

( K u t z ii )
-
ilk fi é (
,
T i chi
) a nd gar fig ( C h a-
ng Th ese
, ,

t h e m ore co mm o n for m s o f w i ld grow i n g m u sh roo ms or ,

t oa d s wa b are wel l d escr i bed i n th e P e n ts a o as t o th ei r

‘
-
,

coarser ch aracteristics M edici nal l y th ey are u sed a fter

.
,

h av i n g bee n i n c i n erated i n th e trea t m e nt o f u l cers scal y , ,

sk i n d iseases a n d fo u l sores ,
A n oth er poiso n o u s variety .

o n acco u n t o f i ts pe nci l l i ke for m

i s called g ( K u ei pi
) -
,
-
.

I t is also used i n th e treat m e n t o f sk i n d i ffi c u l ties especial l y ,

th ose o f a parasitic n at ure Tw o n o n poi so no us var i eties o f .

-

co m m o n fi eld m ush roo m are th e Q fi ( K uei kai ) a nd fit 2? -

( Ti -
ch i n) These are
. u sed i n th e trea t m e n t of n er v o u s d iseases

of c h i ldre n Th e for m er i s fo u n d i n yel l ow a nd w h i te col ors

.
,

a n d th e l atter is eph e m era l c omi ng u

p i n th e m or n i n g a nd ,

fad i n g by n oo n A h or n sh aped k i n d fo u n d growi ng u po n t h e

.
-
,

ba m boo or i n ba m boo groves is for th is reaso n cal led fl E

, ,

( C l j ) d fi [i f] ( C h u j o u) I t is h igh l y estee m ed as a
’
i u u a
- n -
.

v egetabl e a n d i n th e treat m e n t of po i so n o us effluv ia A m us h .

roo m fo un d growi n g i n po nds a nd m ars h es called 3 a? ( H ua n ,

c h ii n) i s very i rreg u lar i n sh ape a nd was sa i d by o ne a n c i e n t

, ,

observer to be th e m eta morph osed excre m e n t o f th e h ero n ,

a n d for th is reaso n th e fi rst c h aracter i n th e n a m e sh o u ld be

w r i tte n E5( H ua n) I t i s sligh t ly deleter io u s a nd is therefore

.
,

n ot u sed for food I t is estee med i n card ialgia i ns ec t a nd

.
,
2 74 C H I N E S E M A TER I A M ED I C A .

reptil e bi t es i nt esti n al w orm s fav us a nd i n ter nal l y as a n

, , ,

a n od y n e i n c olic A pr i c kl y variety w h i c h m a y be re ferred t o

.
,

H y d m m z i s fou nd i n Sze h u a —
al led 5
,
c n a n d i s c 55 rg ( S h u ko) ,
a -
.

I t is no n po iso n o u s a nd i s u sed i n th e treat m e n t o f fe vers a nd

-
,

m e nstr u al d i ffi c u l ties O n e cal led fig E ( Ti erh ) is e v id e n tly

.

a n a u r i c ul a r i a c e o ns for m as i s also th at called 5 E ( S h i h

,

erh ) Th e for mer is eate n a nd is sai d to br i gh te n th e eye

.
, ,

be n e fi t resp ira ti o n a nd pro m ote fe c u nd i ty

,
The latter 1 5 a lso .

ed ible a nd h as al l of th e good q u al i ties o f the 2 ( C h i li ) be i n g

, ,

also u sed i n th e treat m e nt of gravel a n d bei n g sa id to be n e fi t ,

v iril i ty I t is spec iall y u sed i n h e m or rhage fro m th e bowels

.

a n d prolapse of th e r ec t u m W h i le t he n a m e of t h i s wo u l d
.

i n di c ate t hat i t was o ne o f t h e A u ri c ulariales th e fa c t t h at t h e ,

"
n a m e fi x ( Li ng c h i h ) 7 3 1
h
is also give n to i t m igh t pla c e i t
-
, ,

a m o ng t h e C lavariace ae I t is no t fu l l y descr i bed so th at th ere

.
,

i s n o way i n w h i ch t h e matter c a n be dete rm i n ed ex c ept by

-

obser v atio n o f spec i m e ns .

M YLITT A L A PI D E S CE N S 1L (Lei wa n) 6 9 9 Th is .
-
,
.

is o ne o f th ose growth s th e n at u re of w h ic h h as n o t ye t bee n

ac c u ratel y deter m i n ed So me observers c o ns i der i t to be th e
.

res u l t o f o ne o f th e paras i tic m yxo mycetes atta c k i n g th e

roots o f cer tai n trees d e velop i ng i n th e m a nd fro m th eir s u b
, ,

s ta nce th ese t u bero us bodies as is wel l k n o wn i n th e case o f

, ,

A l m a? i n A m eri c a I n th is case t h e t uber leads a n i nd e p e nd

.

e nt,
th o ug h parasiti c existe nce O th ers re gard t h e m to be
,
.

t h e res ul t of t h e mycell i u m o f so me p arasi ti c fu n g us p e ne tra t

i ng t h e i nn er bark o f th e tree h ost a n d prod u ci n g fro m t h e -
,

tiss ues o f th e roo t i ts el f a n d th e sap of t he tree t h ese bod ies .

I n t h i s case t h e grow th i s a path ol og i cal e x cresce n ce T h ey .

“

o cc u r i n th e for m of s mal l ro u n d ed n od u les vary i ng i n w eigh t ,

fro m fi ve grai ns to nearl y a h al f a n o unce Th ei r exter i or .

s u rface is o f a dark brow n i s h gre y color a n d ge neral ly fi n el y -

,

c orr u gate d ; thei r i n ner s u bsta n ce h as a g ra n u lar ap peara n c e

,

i s o f a pi n k i sh bro wn col or an d o f al most sto n y h ard n ess

-
,
A .

m i c ro s c o p l c sectio n sh ows t hat t h e t i ss ue i s d i v i ded i n to areol ae ,

a fter t he m a n n er o f th at o f th e t r ufll e a n d other u ndergro u nd

”
fu n gi . Th ey h ave a sl ig h t ped icle attach ed to o ne o r bot h
p oles a nd are so meti mes met w it h j oi ned to ge th er like a rol l
,
2 76 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

rel i eves swell i n gs a nd d eafness . It is also reco mme nded in

malarial fe vers .

M Y R I O P H Y LLU M — 7k as ( Sh u i t sao )
’

Se v eral h al ora
.
-
.

g eo n s a nd n aiad aceo u s pl a n ts are describe d i n t h e P é i zi s a o

u n der t h is ter m Th e larger k i n d w i th l eaves l i k e th ose of

.
,

P e r zi la is ca ll ed by th e n a m e g i ve n above Th is is [ My r i a
’

, .

u m s zm tu m A noth er w i th l eaves l i ke th e C/ zr y s a zzt/

'

k
p y l l p . ze
,

m u m cor mza r i u m is cal led as g; ( C h ii tsao) , I n Japa n th i s i s -

.

Cer a ZOp / z ll u m d e m em zm z
y I t i s also c al led
$5 ( S h u i.
y ii n)
-
,

Q3 fi ( Sai a nd
4 E
:
; a s ( N i u wei
y u n ) B u t th ese are ,
- -
.

probabl y q u i te d i ff ere n t pla n ts bei n g re ferred to ,

H zpp u r zs a n d Z os ter a Stil l a n oth er m e n ti o n ed is Qs; ( M a

' '
'
.
,

tsao ) w h ich i s us u al l y referred to P ota mog e zmz A l l o f these

,
‘
.

pla nts are co nsidered to be edibl e a n d are used i n m ed i c i ne ; ,

t h e last na m ed bei n g co nsidered to be th e best for th is p ur

pose . Th e taste is swee t very cool i n g de m u l c e n t a nd the , , ,

pl a n t is n on poiso no us I t is prescr i bed i n fevers to relie ve

-
.
,

t h irs t a n d i n fl u xes especial l y th ose of c h i ldre n Faber also

m
.
, ,

Sh i h a n ) as M y r zop / z l l zm z b th e
’

i de n ti fi es E ( f y u t
-
P é n t sa o ,

describes th is as a seaweed al li ed t o S a rg a s s zmz or ma y be to ,

G lyp ws tr obu s I t is used i n decoc t i o n for the treat me nt of

.

a me n orr h oea .

M Y R I STIC A M O SC H A T A E (J o u tou .
-

55 9 ,
1 3 1 4 T h is C h i n ese
. n a m e i s th at of th e n u t m e
g A n .

o th er n a m e is [if] ( J o u k u o) M a c e is c al led
5 72 ( J
“

on -
.

t o u -h ua ) 5 ,
,
6 0 5% $5 ( J a nd ) I t ismn o t prod uc e d o u - k u o - h ua .

in is bro u gh t fro m co u n tries to th e so u th w here i t

Ch i na , b ut ,

i s said to be cal led 5 1111 143] $3 ( K a k o u l é) I n th is the Ch i nese - -

.

pr obabl y co n fo un d th e n u t m eg w i t h t h e carda mo m Th e .

n u t m egs fo un d i n Ch i n a are u s u al l y ol i ve sh aped d ry a nd , ,

w o r m eate n Th ey are used pri n ci pal l y as a war m i n g c a r

.
,

mi n a ti v e a nd astr i n ge n t re m edy i n al l sorts o f fl uxes especiall y ,

t h ose of ch i ldre n a n d of th e a ged They are very seldo m .

e m p l oyed as a spice M a ce is used med i c i nall y e q u al ly w i t h

m
.

t he mu t meg Th e C us to m s L i sts speak of tie] E

.

( J o n to u -

k en) 56 I wh i c h see m s to be t h e root of t h e t ree

, ,
Th is is not .

m e n tio ned i n t h e P é m s a o ‘
.
 V EGE T A B L E K I NGDOM . 277

N .

NA N D I NA D OM E STIC A — i§i fij ( N a n i Q .
’
-
chu
) , 75
( N a n t ie n c h u
-
‘
) Th -
i s i s a berber
. i da c eo u s sh r u b w i th ever ,

gree n leaves a n d i n th e w i n ter t i m e bea u t i fu l red berr i es

, , ,

m ak i n g a good s u bst i t u te for C h r i st m as h ol l y Th e ge n er i c .

n a m e i s take n fro m th e so u n d o f the fi rst t w o ch ara c ters i n th e

Seco n d n a m e give n above Fort u ne fro m th e error o f s u p pos

.
,

i ng that th e l ast c h ara c ter i n th e C h i n ese n a m e w as fi ( C h u ) ‘

tra n slated the s u ppose d n a m e 75fi ( T i e n c h u) i n to H ea v en ‘ ‘

-
“

”
ly fizz/11 6 00 a n a me w h i c h
,
th e pl a n t st i l l reta i ns a m o n g
f ore i g n ers B ut th is co m b i n ati o n of c h ara c ters i s n ot fo u n d
.

i n th e Ch i n ese book s Th e berr i es are cal led if; X

.
—
j (
i H o n sh u
) -
,

”
“
m o n k ey bea ns by th e c o m m o n peopl e a nd th e pl a n t also
, ,

g oes by th e n a m e of g ag ( W u f an be c a u se th e leaves -

are u sed i n prepar i ng a k i n d o f ri ce co n gee c al led 5 fig ( Wu

fa n) or fi éfi ( C h i g ch i n g fa n
) T h e sh r b grows
‘
nx
u -
on -
.

th e h i lls b u t i s also c u lt i vated o n ac c o u n t o f i ts gl ossy

, ,

g ree n leaves a n d red berri es w h i c h are m u c h u sed as w i n ter ,

decorati o ns M edi c i n all y th e br an c h es a nd l ea v es are rep uted

.
,

to ch e c k d is c h arges dri ve a way slee pi n ess s tre n gth e n t h e

, ,

te ndo ns be n e fi t t h e breath prol o n g l i fe preve n t h un ger a n d

, , , ,

keep o ff old a ge Th ey are als o presc ribed for cold s Th e

. .

seeds 8 8 3 h ave abo u t t h e sa m e v i rt u es a n d th ey are said to

, , ,

stre n gthe n v i ri l i ty a n d i m pro v e th e c o m plex i o n Th e c o n gee .

m ade w i th th e l eaves as m e n ti o n ed a bove h as si m ilar v i rt u es

, , ,

to w h i ch are added th e n o urish i n g q u al i ties of t h e ri ce .

N AR C I S SUS T A Z E TT A llll ( S h u i h sie n

) Q 3 fl .
-
,

”
E ( C h i n ch an-
y i n Th is-
w ater n y m ph i s m u c h c ul
“ -

t i v a t e d i n Ch i n a bei n g fo u n d i n n earl y e very h o m e at th e

,
’
N e w Year s seaso n grow i ng i n special l y pre pared d i shes i n
,

w h ich th e b u l bs are set i n c lea n w ater a m o ng clea n pebbles

or sh el ls . The flowers are w h ite or red w i th yell ow c e n ters , ,

a nd s u r m o u n t a gree n i sh w h i te ste m h e n c e th e se c o n d n a m e ,
”
golde n bow 1 s i 1ver sta nd
- -
T hey are exceed i n gl y pl easi n g
-
.
,

both o n acco u n t of th eir bea ut y a n d fragra n c e Th e b u l bs .

are used med ici n all y as a po ultice to swel li ngs , and as a

2 78 CH I N ESE M AT ERI A M ED I C A .

de m ul c e n t b ol u s to ca rry bo n es o u t of th e oesoph ag us Th e .

fl owers are u sed c os m e t i c al l y a n d are th o ug h t to be ne fi t th e ,

h a ir . Th e pla n t is regarded as a w o m a n s re m ed y ’
.

N A RD O ST A C H Y S J A T A MA N S I —Th i s pla n t w h ic h .
,

properl y bel o ngs t o I nd i a is fo u n d i n th e provi n ce o f Y u n n a n ,

a n d o n th e w ester n borders o f Szech u a n b u t w h eth er i n di e n o u s

g ,

or tra n spla n ted i s u n c ertai n I ts prod uc t H 155} fi ( K a n s u ng .

,
“ "
-

h sia ng ) or tr u e sp i ken a r d is fo u n d i n th e m ed i ci ne sh ops o f

, ,

C h i na . A n a m e for th i s take n fro m a B u dd h ist book is W , ,

( K u m
‘
i - Th i s i s p robabl y a tra n sl i terati o n of so m e

I nd ia n na m e S pi ke na rd i s c lassed togeth er w i th l ig n al oes

.
,
'
’
c loves sa n dal wood a n d Ag l a za oa or a t a as o n e o f t h e fi v e
, , ,

od oro u s p l a n ts T h e rh i z o m e is u sed as a deod ora n t car m i n a

.
,

t i ve a n d sti m u la n t
,
A d ecoc ti o n i s used i n vari o us sk i n a ff e c
. .

t i o n s a n d i n th e bath t o gi ve fragra n ce t o t he bod y It is .

u sed i n I nd ia i n hy ster ia epile ps y a n d ot her co n v u lsive , ,

d iseases Th e roo t is so m e ti mes c o n fou nd e d w i th s um b u l roo t

. .

'

N A S TU R TI U M P A L U ST R E .
E ( T i ng -
Ii ) , see
n emo r a l zs
fi ( Gi a n t/ mj
’

D r a ba S h i see s tol o
‘ ‘

. u cc cr a .

NA U CL E A GA M B I R .
a —See Un ca r za g a mdzr
'

a nd A ca ci a

N E LU M B IU M S P E C I O SU M ( H o) 7? 3g CP u
‘

.
,

Th is ex c eed i ngl y pop u l ar a nd very u sefu l pl a n t h as a d i st i n c t

n a me for i ts e v ery part Its ste m i s c a lled jjfi . th e
rootle ts o n th e l o wer par t o f th e ste m o r a t th e t o p o f t h e ’

rh izo m e are c al l ed 55 ( M i ) ; i ts l ea f is cal led E ( H si a ) ; i ts

fl ower is c al le d g; g ( H a n i ts fr ui t 1 ? ( L i e n) ; i ts root
( )
O i t s seed 5 5 ( T i ) a n d i ts ca u l ic le
( I ) I so m e
' “

h ; ; n '
.

parts o f th e c ou n try th e flowers ar e called 95 ; ( F u j u n g ) 0 -

.

H oweve r th e co mm o n n am es n o w i n us e are l i m i ted for

,

th e most part t o 5 g 72 ( L i e n h u a ) 7 2 2 for t h e fl ower fir} fi -

, , ,

( H o yeh
-
) 7 2 9 for
,
the l eaves a nd $
, 5 ( )
3 O n 9 2 3 for th e root , , ,
.

S u c h i s t h e arra n ge me n t i n th e P c zzts a o w h i ch d isc u ss es th e ‘

pl a n t u n d er t h e ter m é $52 ( Li e n ou ) Th e seeds cal led a sg -

.
,

n Sh i h ) 7 2 6 z ii m c om
( Lie -
a nd E
, g 3
? ( Sh i h l
,
i e n t ) or ore - -
,

mo ul y g ( Li e n tau) ; are us ual ly f o u nd i n th e h ar d dry state ,

-
,
 2 8o C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

w h at b i tterish a nd a c rid a n d i t i s tho ugh t to h ave specia l ,

act i o n u po n th e c i rc ul ati o n a n d is reco mm e nd ed i n h e m or ,

r h a ge s Th e ord i n a ry Ozc f é n i s a redd i sh w h i te gliste n i ng

.
- -
, ,

u n c t u o u s powd er m ak i n g a very te nac i o u s j e l ly o f a dar k

,

col or wh e n boi led w i th water I t a n sw ers al l th e p u rposes o f .

t h e best arrow root a n d is o f great val u e i n th e treat me nt o f

-
,

d i arrh oea a n d dyse n t e r y I t i s give n i n d iseases o f th e chest

.
,

a n d i s a n i m porta n t i n gred i e n t i n th e art i cl e c al led

E Q fl ,

( S a n h o fen
-
) u sed i n th e rear i n g o f h a n d fed i n fa n ts I t also
-
,
-
.

i s a c h i e f i n gred i e n t i n a n o u r i sh i n g p u dd i n g spe c i al l y prepared

f o r th e we a k a n d il l n o u ri sh e d a n d c al led A ll“ a -
s; 5 } ( P a ,

h sie n o u fen )
-
Th is arro w root as fo u n d i n th e sh ops is so
-
.
-
, ,

f req u e n tl y a d u l terate d w i th l eg u m i n o u s star c h es th at m a n y

fa m i l i es e ndeav or t o m ak e i t fo r th e m sel ves Th e ca u l i c le .

o f th e seeds c al led g ( , L i e n i ) a n d i
f b ( Lie n tz u - -

h si n) 7 2 8 is bi tter i n taste rel i eves th e se nse o f th irst a fter

, , ,

h e m orr h ages a n d is u sed i n th e treat m e n t o f c h oler a h e

, ,

m o p ty s i s a n d sper m atorrh oea

, The sta m e ns of th e flowers .
,

: fi ( L i e n j u i h s ii ) 7 2 1 a nd {31 3 5 ( F o tso bs ti )
3 ;
call ed 7
} E
~ -
, ,
- -
,

p u r i fy t h e h eart per m ea te th e kid n eys stre ngth e n th e v iri l i ty

, , ,

bla c k e n th e h ai r m ak e j oy fu l th e co u n te na n c e be n e fi t th e
, ,

bl ood a nd c h e c k h e m orrh ages

,
Th e flowers 7 2 2 are re c om .
, ,

m e n ded as a c os m et i c a ppl icati o n to th e face t o i m prove t h e

co m plex i o n a nd i t i s sa i d th at i n cases of d i fli c u l t labor a
,

”
si n gl e pe tal is tak e n th e fa th er s l i terary sty le is i nscribed
,
’ “

th e reo n a n d th e n s wal l owed by th e w om a n i n w h ich case th e

, ,

l abor w i l l be m ad e easy Th e seed pod o r recepta cl e is cal led

.

31 (
7
5 é ) f
4

E (
.
L i e n fa n g ) 7 2 0 or
-
g 1
3 1 L
,
i e n p n g ,
fu 7 2 5 A ter -
‘ -
,
.

th e seeds h ave bee n re m oved i t l ooks so m eth i ng l i k e th e n ozzle ,

of a garde n spr i n kle r I ts m ed i c i n a l acti o n is regarded as a nti

.

h e m orrh ag i c a n d i t i s also e m ploy ed to pro m ote th e exp u lsio n

,

of t h e afterb i rt h a nd i n w atery d ecoct i o n to co u n teract th e

po i so n o f deleter i o u s fu n g i Th e l eaves { if it? ( H o ye h ) re .
,
-
,

c e i v e v ar i o u s n a m es a c c ord i n g to th eir age or posi ti o n Th e .

very y o u n g o nes are c al l ed ffij ( H o th ose ly i n g u po n

th e w ater rg jiij ( O u h o) a n d th ose e xte nd i ng above th e -

,

water 3
1} ( C h i l i h o
) Th e d ried leaves
-
are
. sol d to g rocers ,

wh o u s e the m fo r wrapp i n g u p so m e of th eir goods Th e lea f .

stal k is cal led fi 5 ( H o pi ) Th e med ici nal v irt ue s of t h e-

.
 V EGE T A B L E K I NGDOM . 81

lea f are co nsidered t o be a n ti febrile a n ti h e m orr h a gic c on , ,

str u cti v e t o th e bl ood pro moti ve of l abor a nd th e ex pu ls i o n of

,

t h e a fterbi rth a n t i d otal t o poiso no us fu ngi a nd use fu l as a n

, ,

appl icati o n i n er u pti ve fe v ers a nd oth er sk i n diseases So m e .

o f th ese properti es are attri b u ted to th e lea f stal k a nd i t is sai d ,

t o h a v e th e special q uali ty o f q uieti ng t h e preg na n t u ter us .

T w o l ot us l ike flowers bro u gh t fro m so m e forei g n co un try

-
, ,

a nd cal led E] g X E ( H u n g pai l i e n h ua

) are spoke n o f i n - - -
,

th e P én ts a o Th e prol o nged use of t h ese d ri v es aw ay old a ge

.

a nd gi v es a fi ne co m plex i o n T h ey ma y be N ymp h aeae . .

N E P E T A G L E C H O MA T
Q; $ 1 ( C h i h s u e h .
-

B eca u se t h is pl a n t h as lea v es l ike C h i nese copper coi n i t i s ,

al so cal led fill fié fi (Ti ch ie n ts ao) a nd ii e a fi ( Lie n ch ie n- ‘ -

‘
- ‘

t s ao ) O n acc o un t o f i ts fragra n ce i t i s cal led 5

‘
.
13 fi T fij ( H u
'
'

o h o)
-
I t grows i n th e ri ver va lle y s o f th e ce ntral a nd
p .

n orth er n provi n ces a n d i s t h e wel l k n ow n g r ou nd za

'

, y Th e .

s t al k a n d lea v es of t h e pla n t are u sed i n med ic i ne a nd th eir ,

c h ie f vi rt u e s ee m s to be th at of a n a n t i febr il e re medy Th ey .

are a lso a nody ne a nd are prescri b ed i n e v ery f or m of fe v er a nd

’

i n al l sor t s of spo nt a n eo us pai n , i nc l ud i ng t oot h ac h e a nd

e ara c h e
‘

N E P H E LIU M L A P A CU M
’
1
} ( S h ao tz fi ) Th i s .
—§ B -
.

i m c/ m
’

g rows n Li n gn a n rese bl es th e l z zec a n d

,
is estee ed as a ,

fr u i t I t i s rec omme nd ed i n sev ere dy s e n t er y a nd as a wa r m

.
'

”
i ng ca rmi na t i vze i n c o ld j dys pe ps ia
‘

N E P H E LIU M LITC H I 2g c h i h ) 7 00 fl fi (Ta n .

-
( L i -
, ,
-

l i)
. Ma n y of th e sapi ndaceo u s pla n ts are poiso n o u s b ut th e ,

N epfi c l zu m fr u i ts are a n excep ti o n bei ng m u ch estee m ed bot h

'

i n th e fresh a nd i n th e d ry Sta t e Th ese grow th ro u gh o u t .

C h i na b ut are o nl y fo un d i n th e ir per fecti on i n th e so uth er n

,

provi nces t h ose fro m F u k ie n bei ng regarded a s th e best Th e .

f r u i ts are dr ied i n th e s u n or by a rt i fi cia l h e a t a n d are use d ,

as a sw eet m ea t a t feasts a nd ofte n gi v e n as pres ent s to th e

'

n e wl y married They a re no t regarde d a s e n tirel y wi th o u t

.

deleteri o us properties a nd w h e n th e ra wfr u i ts are partake n o f ,

f reel y th ey are sai d to pr od uce fe v er i sh ness a nd noseble ed

'

.
28 2 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

P a rtak e n o f i n s m al l q ua nt i ties o r i n t h e d ri ed for m th ey are ,

t h i rs t reli evi n g a n d be n e fi c i al to n utri ti o n B u t th ey are .

special l y reco mm e n ded i n al l for m s of gla nd e n l a rge m e n t a nd

t u mors Th e seeds 7 0 1 are regarded as a n ody n e a nd are
.
, , ,

pres c ribed i n var i o u s n e u ralg i c d isorders a nd i n or c h itis The .

l eath ery exter nal teg u m e n t o f the fr u i t is u sed i n d ecocti o n i n

t h e distress c a u sed by s mal l p o x er u pt i o n a n d also i n fl ux e s -
,

fro m th e bowels Th e flowers bark a nd root 7 0 2 a re

.
, , , ,

e m ployed i n deco c tio n i n a ngi n a a nd q u i nsy .

N E P H E LIU M L O N GA NA BE ( L u ng y e n ) A n um . .
-
.

ber o f oth er na m es a re gi ve n fo r th is pl a n t w h i ch rese mbles ,

t h e l zcb c c b u t is s mal ler

'

,
On a c co u n t o f th i s i n feri ori ty i t is
.

”
cal led z; fi 2 2 ( Li c h i h ) slave f t h e l ich ee B e c a us e
“
1 n u o - -
, .

i t i s s u p posed to be ne fi t th e u n dersta nd i n g i t is call ed g g ,

( I ch- i h ) b u t ,
i t m u st no t be c o n fo un ded w ith A m om u m

a ma r u m T h e fr u i ts are s u pposed t o be co u n ter poiso n -

.
,

a n t h el mi n tic a n d co nstr ucti v e

,
Th ey act special ly upo n .

th e splee n i mprove th e m e ntal fac u l t i es a nd are regarde d

, ,

as ge n e ral l y be n e fi c i al Th e seeds are used i n ex cessi ve .

perspiratio n s Th e fl owers 7 9 3 a nd leaves 7 9 4 a re sold

.
, , , ,

o n th e m ark ets b u t are n o t m e n tio n ed i n th e P é n tra o

‘

.
,

N E P H E LIU M S p ( L u n g li ) Th is grows. so u t h - .

o f t h e M ei l i n g a n d as i ts n a m e i m pl i es
,
rese m bles bot h t h e ,

l zc/
zc c a n d th e l zmgy c n I t is sl i gh tl y po i so no us ca n n ot be
'

.
,

eate n ra w b u t is c ook ed a nd u sed as food

,
I f eate n i n th e .

raw sta te i t prod u c es a sort o f fre n zy a nd ca uses o ne to h a v e

, ,

h al l uc i n atio ns T h is sh ow s th e narrow li n e betwee n t he

.

poiso n o us a nd no n poiso no u s Sapi nd ace ae -

.

N E P H RO D IU M FILI X M A S —A ccord i ng to H e nry i n ,

H u peh 5: fi ( M ao k a ch g) is th e n a m e for th is ma le
"

g u n u n - -

f c r n as w el l as fo r Gn oc/ c a o r ze n ta l zs a n d Wood wa r d za r a d i
' ' ’

ca n s .I t is no t d isti ng u i sh ed i n t h e P ém s a o fro m gt ( K u a n
‘ “

ch u ng ) I n Sh a n t u n g a c c ord i n g to P a nvel t h is last na m e i s

.
, ,

a ppl ied to A sp zd za m f a l ca tu m ; w h i l e a c cord i ng to Fra n c h e t

' '

, ,

i n Japa n i t is appl i ed to L a m a r za j apo m ca Several Ch i n ese

' '

na mes are g i v e n i n t h e P c izts a o for t h is p la nt a mo n g w h ic h

‘

,
2 84 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

stre ng th a nd ofte n beco m es m o ul dy

, Th e prepared tobacco
.
,

as for m erly al m ost u n i versall y s m oked by th e C h i nese was ,

cal led 3 a fig ( Ch i n ss h y en ) a n d w as m a n u fact u red by

- -
,

tigh tl y pack i ng th e lea v es w i th y el low o c h re be twee n a nd ,

c u t t i ng i n to fi n e th reads w i th pla n es Toba c c o i s co ns idered

.

by th e C h i nese to be a n ti malaria l a n d to i n cre a se t h is e ffe c t, ,

arse n i c i s so m eti m es m ixed w i t h th e leaves before c u tti n g .

Th e d ele teri o us e ff ects of toba c c o are fu l l y recog n ised by th e

C h i nese .
$2 Edi 3? J ill ( H ao fei s u n h sii e h )
- -
w asti n g th e l ungs
-
,

”
j
a n d i n u ri n g th e blood are th e un eq u ivo c al ter ms i n w h ic h
,

th ey d es c ri be i ts ev i l e ff ects A n oth er a uth or uses y

.
a x x ( S u n

h s i n),
“
i nj u r i n g th e h eart w h i ch certa i n ly d es c r i bes th e
,

e ff ect w el l k n ow n to Wester n observers I t is a lso sa i d to is 65 .

( S u n-
j u n g ) ,
i nj
“
u r e th e feat u res ”
referri n g to
,
t h e sall ow n ess
a nd dry sk i n prod uc ed i n e xcessi ve s mok ers I n a d di ti o n to i ts .

use as a proph yl actic t o m alaria i ts d ecocti o n or oi l i s u sed to ,

destroy i nsect s i n parasi ti c sk i n d iseases a nd t h e prepared

, ,

toba c co i s used to sta u nc h t h e flow of bl ood i n w o u nds i n th e

sa m e w a y as is so m e ti m es u sed i n th e r ura l d istricts
’
fi ne c u t ?

o f A m er i ca .
fig fl ( H u h ua n g l ie n) w i t h tea o r th e C h i nese
- -
,

black s ugar are regar d ed as a n t id otes t o th e po i so n o f toba c co

Th e flo w
.
,

er stal k o f t h e tobacco pla n t km£35 ( Y e n k en) i s ,

-
,

co n sidered to be m ore poiso no u s t h a n th e l eav e s It 1 8 sa i d to .

be u sed for st u pefy i ng fi s h For th i s p urpose i t is ch opped

.

fi ne a n d br u ised toge t h er w i th gree n w al n t h u l ls a nd th row n

u
i n to th e po nd w he n t h e large fi s h w il l be s tup e fi ed by i t t h e
, ,

s m al l o nes w il l be k i l led as w i l l also al l sh ri m ps t urtles

, , ,

-
fi s li ,
a nd o t h er a n i m al l ife fo und i n th e po nd ; a nd t h e
a u th or goe s 0 11 to sa y t h a t al th o ug h i t th us sh ows i tsel f t o be
d eadl y po i so n o u s y et m e n p repare i t for s m o k i n g ' Th e
,

powdere d toba c co l eaf i s rec omm e nd ed as a n i ns ufll a ti o n i n

n asal c atarrh fi
( g ? fi N a o lo u
, j ) Th is disease
. is sa i d to be pro
d uc ed 1 n so m e peopl e wh o s m ok e wh at is k n ow n as TE
( L a nh ua
y )en w h i
,
ch i s m ade by addi n g E up a t or i u m seeds to

t h e toba c co i n order to gi ve i t fragra n ce

,
Th e ex pressed j u i ce
.

Of th e fresh leaves 1 5 co m b i n ed w i th pi n e resi n a n d t he vapor ,

i nh aled t o be ne fi t th e bl ood v essels i n d e fective c irc u l atio n .

T he br u i sed leaves are also appl i ed i n s n ak e bite a nd th e ,

d ried lea ves so meti m es put i nto beds or b u r ned un der t h e b ed , ,

 VEGE T AB L E K I NGDOM . 285

t o d ri v e away Czmex lectu l a r zu s a nd h is pro ge ny

' '

A n o ld
m
.

t oba cco pi pe ste m ( Y e n ka n, ) a nd th e deposi t i n i ts -

,

i n teri or M $5 ,
2 5th ( Y e n k a n yu
) are re g arded as -
s o verei g n -
,

r e med ies for th e bi te o f ve n o m o u s s n ak es O ne th at h as bee n .

i n u s e a t least forty years i s co n sid ered t h e best especial ly i f ,

i t wa s s m oke d by a m a n rathe r th a n a w o m a n Th e re m ed y .

is bot h ad m i n istere d i n t er na l l y a nd ap pl ied l ocal l y I t is also .

u sed i n m e n orr h a ia T h e s ubsta nc e fro m t h e i n terior o f pi pe

g .

s te m s as w el l as t h e wa ter fro m a w ater pipe goes by t h e -

m
, ,

na m es e n k ao a nd M iii]
g ( Y ) (-
Y en
y u) It i t said to b e -
.

t h e e m a n a t i o n o f th e fi ve e le m e n ts ( water fi re w oo d m e tal , , , ,

earth ) devel oped i n th e process o f s m ok i ng a nd i s there fore ,

so me ti m es cal le d 5 f? 5} ( W u h si ng ta n) I t i s u sed to k i l l
,
5 - -
.

i nsects t o c ure parasi t ic sk i n d iseases s n ak e a nd ce n ti pede

, ,

bi tes a nd t h e l ik e
,
I t is a lso s o me ti mes sec u red fro m th e
.

m eta l tops o f ord i na ry pipes .

S N U FF g 113 ( Pi ye n) wa s for m erl y q ui te ex te nsi v el y used

, ,
-
, ,

b u t as i n Wester n co u n t ries h as l a rgel y fall e n i n to d i s u se

, ,
.

A fe w o ffi cials a nd we a l th y people sti l l e m pl oy i t b u t see m to ,

do so ra th er to make a n e xh i bi tio n of th e ir costl y s n u ff bottles .

Th e col lecti o n of t h ese s n ufl bot tl es w h ic h are m a d e o f j ad e

'

, ,

lapis l az ul i c h rysoprase a nd o th er precio us sto nes i n m a n y

, , ,

artisti c a nd bea uti f ul d e sig ns h as beco me a h obby w i th p u r ,

c hasers o f bric a brac S n u ff r u bbi ng as for m erl y pr a c ti ced

- -
.
-
,

i n so m e parts o f A meri ca d oes n o t s e e m t o h ave e v e r ga m ed a

,

footh old i n C h i na Fore i g n s n ufl wa s i n trod u ced th ro u g h

“

Ma c a o a nd wa s c on side red t o be s u peri or to th e n a t i ve prod uc t

,
.

Th is l a tter wa s co m posed of A ng e li ca mzoma l a A s a r u m s ze

’

bo l d z G le d zt s c/ czual zs M e a t/ a ro o s ca m ph or
' ' ' ' ’

fi
'

,
zza o 1 a a r ae n s zs B , , ,

a nd pr e pa red tobacc o fig
( Th e w ate r tobacco 7 k i n ( Sh ui

ye n) co m es fro m L a n ch o u i n K a n s u is al so c al le d E (H si ,

yii ) a n d i s h i gh l y este em ed as a t u ss i c re me d y a nd also i n t h e

, ,

treat me n t o f s nake a nd scorpi o n bi tes I t i s p r obable th a t .

'

t h is is L o lc za rathe r th a n N i cot za na as th e l ea ves are l i ke ne d

'

, ,

t o th ose o f E r zobotry a izp o m ca

' '

j .

Th e use of tob a c c o h as u n derg one consi d erable c h a n ge i n

C h i na w it hi n th e la s t fe w ye ars For merl y i t was s moked i n .

s ma l l q ua n ti ties a t a ti me a nd al m ost uni versa ll y w i th a wat er ,

p ipe or a l o ng s te mme d ba m bo o pip e e i t her o f w h ic h red uc ed

-
,
 2 86 C H I NE S E MA T ER I A M ED I C A .

t h e absorpti o n o f n icoti n e by t h e l u n gs to a mi n i mum B ut .

s i n ce forei g n ers h ave beco me so largel y ide n t i fi ed w i t h t h e

t oba c c o tr a de th e u s e of ci gars a n d espe c ial l y o f cigarettes
, , ,

h as n o t o n l y largel y d ri ve n o u t th e for m er a n d l ess deleterio us

m eth ods o f c o n s um pti o n b ut h as al so v astl y i n creased t h e pe r
,

capita a m o u n t o f tobac c o co ns u m ed Th e m oder n C hi nes e .

st u d e n t cl erk or c ool i e is seld o m see n w i th o u t a

, , co ffi n “

”
na il be twee n h is l i ps al m ost u ni for ml y i nh al i n g th e s m ok e
,

a n d bl o wi n g i t o u t th ro u gh h is n ostri ls I f th is m a n ner o f .

co n s u m p t i o n goes o n a t i ts prese n t i ncreas i n g rate th e C h i n es e ,

people w il l soo n de m o n strat e to th e w orld w heth er or n o t

n i c ot i n e has a n y spe c i al l y d el e ter i o u s e ff ec ts o n t h e race Th i s . .

w i ll be espec i al l y tr ue i n th i s c ase s i n ce th e w o m e n use cigar ,

e t t es al m ost as freel y as th e m e n a nd y o u t h s a nd e v e n s m a l l ,

C h i ld re n of both sexes are freq u e n t co ns u me rs .

N IT RAR I A SC H OB E R I —U nder th e ti tle tip] 7h} ( K ou .

c h i) Li S h i h c h em des c r i bes a gl ob ul ar red ed i ble berry ,

,
-
, ,

w h i c h h e sa ys grows i n K a n s u I t is c ertai n l y n o t Ly cza m a s

’

.
,

t his is n o t ed i bl e I t see m s t o correspo nd to a pla n t descri be d

.

by P rz e wa ls k i t he N zzr a r za s c/
' ’ '

zr ober z of th e order o f Z ygo h y l

‘

, p
l e ae th e berries of w h i ch for m a n i m porta n t articl e o f d ie t to
,

th e M o n gols a nd Ta ngu s o f Gob i O rd os a nd Tsaida m Th e , ,

.

na m e o f t h e pla n t i n M o n gol ia n is é / za r m k
y I t is a crooked .

sh r u b h a vi n g d e nse fol iage a nd s mal l th ick l eaves

,
I t bl oo ms .

p ro fusel y i n M ay the flowers be i ng s m al l a nd w h i te

,
T h es e .

are fol l owed by th e fr u it w h i c h co nsists of s m all d ark red

, ,
-

berr i es ri pe n i n g i n A u g ust a nd re m ai n i ng o n t h e tree u nt i l

,

l ate i n th e a u t u mn Th e peopl e c ol lec t these berries 0 11 t h e

’

t wigs wh e n fu ll y r i pe a nd p ut t h e m a way fo r w i nter use .

They are soaked a nd bo i led in wa ter to softe n th e m a nd ea te n ,

togeth er wi th barley meal Th e water i n w h i c h th e berrie s

.

h ave bee n bo i led is also use d as a dri nk B ears w ol ves foxes .

, , ,

a n d birds also feed on th e be rr i es Th ei r m ed i c i na l propert ies ,

.

i f a n y c a n scar cely be th e sa me as th ose o f Ly czu m

’

.
,

N OTH O S M Y RN I U M J A P O N I CU M 21: ( K a o pén) , .

-

58 9 . H e n ry says th a t i n H u eh th e dr u g i s d eri ved fro m

p
n a s l zcu m s zn c n s c Th e root is said to rese mble t h a t of
' ’

.
2 88 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

N Y M P H PEA T E T RA G ONA .
- l ie n)
. T h is
i s spoke n o f i n th e P én ts a o u nder t h e arti cle o n s p/ za r

m m m o f L zrm za n tfzem u m n m h
'

f p
a o ku . I t s l eaves rese bl e th ose y p
a i d es
,
b ut are larger . I ts fl owers spread a bove th e leaves a nd ,

d uri n g t h e s u m mer ope n d uri n g t h e day cl osi n g a t n igh t a nd

,

w i thd rawi n g be neat h t h e w ater to a ppear w i t h d ay ligh t th e

,

f ol l owi ng mor n i ng . I t i s not d is t i nguis h ed med ici nally fro m

N ap / tar
.
 VEGE T AB L E K I NGDOM . 2 89

O .

O CI M U M BA SILI C U M fl ( Lo fi ( H sia ng .

ts ai ) 4 2 6
‘
,
The co m m o n n a me a t Pe k i ng i s t;
.
( A i m
B eca use i t is u sed i n t h e trea t m e n t o f opac ity o f th e cor nea i t
i s c all ed g i f Ia ( I t z ii Th e pla n t i s fo u nd every
-

w h ere Th e P én ts a o d ist i ng uish es three var i e t ies : o ne rese m

.

bl i ng P er zl l a ocy moza es a nd o n e h as l arge l eaves a nd is very

’
’
'

fragra n t i ts per fu m e carryi n g to a d i sta nce of twe n ty paces

, ,

a n d th e th ird c a n be u sed as a vegetable Th e pla n t is r eco m .

m e nded to be e xte nsi vely sow n i n garde ns to overco me t h e

bad odors d ue to th e u se o f fertil izers Peptic a nd car m i na ti v e .

properties are a sc ri bed to i t a nd the decoct i o n is u sed as a was h ,

f o r u lcers I t is prescri bed i n vo m i ti ng h i c co u gh a nd polyp us

.
, ,

of th e n ose Th e seeds are spec i ally prescribed i n d iseases o f

.

th e eyes are sai d to re m ove fi l m s a nd O paci ties a n d to sooth e

, ,

pa i n a nd i nfla mm at i o n The y are also rec o m me nde d for rode nt

.

u l c er (
ff2 -
5
3
fl Tso u m a y a k a n) ,
Th e C usto m s L i sts gi ve
- - - .

n g t a ) as a ter m for Oczmu m b ut t h is h as

inE §
'

i C h i ts e ‘ ‘
( n - -
,

n o t bee n f o u n d i n t he C h i nese book s .

( E CCE OC L AD E S F A LC A T A $5 ( F é ng la n) .
-
,

( T i ao l
- an
) Th is orch
. idaceo u s pl a n t grows s uspe n ded fro m

rocks i n m o un tai n gorges of th e so uther n provi nc es It .

r ese m bles D e fl a r obzu m a nd

’
h as bee n co n fo u nded w i t h i t
'

, .

Faber calls i t A ng f wcu m f a l ca tu m It h as a d roopi ng ste m .

a nd leaves a nd th e l a t ter are fl at a n d two or m ore i n ches i n

,

l e ngt h W h e n o n ce rol led u p th ey do n ot ope n agai n Th e

. .

pe ople place th e pla n t i n ba mboo baskets a nd s uspe n d t h ese

f ro m t h e ea v es of th e h o use w h ere i t grows a nd blosso ms , ,

draw i ng i ts n ou rish me nt fro m th e air I t is said that i f th is i s .

s uspe n ded i n t h e roo m i n w h i c h a w o m a n is go i ng th ro u g h

p art u r i t io n t h e l abor wi ll be h as t e n ed .

( E NA N T H E ST O L ON IF E RA —7k i lf ( Sh u i ch i n) Th e .
- .

n a me is co m m o n ly wri tte n 7k i f ( S h u i I t i s descri bed “ “

.

i n t h e P én ts a o un der th e ti tle fi i f ( K u c h i n ) O th er n a m e s ‘ ‘
“

-
.

are i f: fl ( C h i n 7k fi ( S h u i y i n g) a nd Q
‘
( C h u -
,
‘
2 90 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

k ‘
ei )
u T h ere are t wo k i nds : th e w h i te o f wh i ch th e roo t is
.
,

u sed i n m ed i c i n e a n d t h e red ,
o f w h i c h th e l ea v es a n d ste m ,

are eate n e i th er pi ck l ed o r i n t he fresh state

,
Th is i s a n .

u m bel l i fero u s pla n t m u ch rese m bl i n g celery , Wh ile th e .

w h i te variet i es are m os t co mm o n l y eate n so m e of th e red ,

ki n ds are co nsidered t o be n o n poiso no us Ca u tio n h as to be -

.

u sed h owever as i n th e case of th e red varieties o f celery

, , ,

beca use th ese are ofte n del eteri o us rese m bl i n g w ater he m lo c k , .

Th e propert i es of th e dr u g are c o ns i dered to be cool i n g ,

s t re n gthe n i n g h e m ostati c a n d a nt i v i n o u s It i s p rescribed

, , .

i n ch olera i c a ff ecti o n s of ch i ld re n u ri n ary d i fi i c u l t i es colds

‘
, , ,

a nd he mat u ria Th e seeds are re c o m m e n ded i n ple th ora

. .

U nder th e ar ti cle o n R a n m zczz/ u s i s als o m e n

u s s cl er a /

t i o ned 7k 2 ( Sh u i ch i n ) Th e c h aracters g i ii a n d j ? are

-
.
, ,

u sed m ore or less i n terch a n geably a nd serve to co n fo u n d ,

$ mm tfi e N a s tu r ti u m A com zzzm R mzw zm l u s

’

, ,
a nd o ther ‘

, ,

e n era H owever G n m ztb e i s m ost c o mm o n l y re fe rred to

g .
,

w h e n th e ch ara cter 7k is pre fi xed to e i ther o f th e th ree c har

a c t ers I n the ar ti c l e to w h ich refere n ce is h ere m ade th e
.

pla n t is reco mm e n ded t o be br u i sed a nd appl ied to h orse

bi tes s n ak e bi tes scorp io n bi tes a nd c a nc ero u s s w elli n gs
, , ,
.

A d m i n istered i n ter n al l y i t h as th e rep utati o n o f ca u s i n g resol u

,

tio n i n scroful o u s sw el l i ngs c uri n g c h ol erai c a ff ecti o ns a nd , ,

t h e li ke I t is sai d to be e m etic i f ta ke n i n l arge q ua n ti ties

. .

O I N T M E N TS —A side fro m th e very m uc h overworke d

.

t er m 23 ( K ao ) th e C h i nese h ave n o ter m for o i n t m e n t as th a t

,

i s u nderstood i n th e West Fore i g n ph ysi c i a ns h av e pre fi xed .

” ”
th e ch ara c ters 516 ( M o ) o r to r ub o n to s m ear “
,
“
,

i n atte m pti n g to d i sti ng u ish a n o i n t m e n t fro m a n ex tra c t o r

plaster A better c h aracter w o u ld be i
. as th a t is th e
o n e u n iversal ly u sed i n C h i n ese m ed i c a l works t o i n d i c ate th e

s m e ari n g o n th e sk i n o f u n c t u o u s re m ed i es The m ost c o m .

m o n veh i c l e for a pply i n g d r u gs t o the sk i n is th e fill

”
H sia n g y u) fra ra t i o r sesa m u m seed o i l Lard c o mes
( l
“
g
- n o
,
-
,
-
.

n ex t a nd i t i s ofte n m i xed w i th vegetable wax

,
beeswax o r , ,

w h i te ( i nse c t ) wax Po mad es a n d c os m et i c a ppl i c at i o n s a re

.

m a n y a nd are cal led fill 55 ( Yen c h i h )

, Wh ile t h e re a re fe w -
.
‘

for m u l ae o f oi n t m en ts i n th e C h i nese books u nc t u o us appl ic a ,

2 92 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

OR I TH I A E D ULI S .
— L[j 352 i f; ( Sh a n tz u k m) Q - -
, E
Ch i n té n g) T h i s pla n t grows i n m o i st pl aces i n m o u nta i n
( - .

val leys a nd rese mbles

,
I t i s val u ed for i ts flowers ,

of w h i c h there are w h i te red a nd y el low varieties ,

Th e ,
.

s mall shr un ke n h or ny , i rreg ul arl y o v ate b ul bs o f th e pla n t

, , ,

w i th a m ass of fi bro u s ta ngled rootlets attach ed to each b u lb

, ,

are so meti mes called 1

3
5 ( M ao Th e h a i ry
-
rootlets are
d eta c h ed fro m th e b u lb before th e latter is used i n medici ne .

Sl i gh tl y del eteri o us propert i es are attr i b u ted to th e d r u g a n d ,

i t is u sed by mi l itar y d octors i n th e treat m e n t o f str u mo us

d iseases speci fic d iseases of t h e bl ood carb unc les i nj u ries
, , , ,

h ydroph obi a a nd a ny d isease req u iri ng th e e xh ibi t i o n o f

,

al terat ives I t e n ters i n to th e co m posi tio n o f a fa m o us mo s

.

tr u m prepared by th e C h i nese cal led the U ni v ersal Co u n ter ,

“

poiso n (g ffi Q? i R Wa n pi n g ch i eh tu wa n)
”
,
The leaves- - - -
.

are used exter nall y as a n appl i c atio n to b u boes abscesses a nd , ,

d i seases of th e breast T h e fl owers are sai d to be e ffi caci o us

.

T h is is th e sa m e as Tu lzpa g r a mzmf ol za
' ' ’

i n uri n ary d isorders . .

O RI X A J A P O N I C A [ I] ( Ch a n g sh a n) 3 0 A l so ‘ -
.
, .

”
call ed a ffi ( S h u Szec h ua n var n i s h 15 ll] ( H en
“
,

sh a n) a nd E ii ( H u
,
Th e P e n tsa o c lassi fies th i s pla nt
a m o n g th e poiso n o u s dr u gs ( i E g : T u ts ao l e i) a nd say s ,
- ‘ -
,

th at i t co mes fro m t h e pro v i nces o f Szec h u a n a nd Y unna n a nd ,

espe c i all y fro m C h e n teh f u i n th e for m er provi nce w here i t ,

row s i n t h e m o un tai n ravi n es I t i s also fo u n d i n t he forests

g .

of t h e Ya n g t se h i lls I t i s d es c ri bed as havi n g a ro un d

.
,

poi nt ed stal k a nd bei ng n o t over th ree or fo u r fee t h i gh w i t h

, ,

opposi te l eaves s h aped li k e th e tea leaf I n th e seco n d m o n t h -

.

appears a wh ite fl ower w i th gree n carpel s a nd i n t h e fi fth ,

m o n th a fr ui t gree n a nd ro und a nd w i th th ree seeds i n eac h

, ,

receptacl e Th e d ried lea ves h ave a gree n ish w h i te color -

wh e n th ey are fi t for use b u t i f th ey t u r n bla c k t hey a re ,

spoi led T he leaves are col lected i n th e fi fth or sixt h m o nt h

.
.

O n e a uth o r s ay s th at t h e Sze c h u a n v ar n is h i s th e stal k o f t h e

pla n t a nd th at i t is gath ered i n th e eigh th or n i n th m o n th
, .

Th is pla n t is also said to be bro u gh t fro m H ai na n ” wh i c h “

,

probably m ea ns C oc h i n Ch i na a nd ot h er pl aces i n th e so u th
-
.

The o nl y places fro m w h ic h i t is repor te d as co mi ng i n

 VEGET A B L E K I NGDOM . 29 3
th e C u s t o ms l is t s o f 1 8 8 5 are Ca n to n a nd H a n k ow a nd th e ,

foll ow i n g record is fo un d Se veral pl a n ts s u ppl y d r u gs o f

° “

t h is na me w h ic h are used as fe br i fuges a s D zefi roa f ebr gf ag a

' ’

, , ,

Lo ur H yd r a ng ea S p a n d a n u n k n o w n he rbaceo us pla nt.

”
, , .

B y re ferri n g t o L o u re i ro s l i st we fi nd a pl a n t th e n a m e o f
’
, ,

w h ich R o m a n ized accord i n g t o th e Ca n to nese d ialect i s e/ za m

d ra ft ( th e C h i n ese c h aracters are l ack i n g) bu t wh ich p res u m ,

abl y i s th is sa m e pla n t a nd i s c a lled by h i m D ze/

’

, zro a

f ebr if ug a A s L o u re i ro s wor k w as w h ol ly d o ne i n Coch i n

.
’

C h i n a th e pla n t he th u s ide n t ifi es is p res umabl y i nd i ge no us to

,

t h a t co u n try Whe th er i t i s the sa m e a s t h e Szech u a n pla n t

.

d escri bed by t h e P en ts a o re m ai ns to be de ter m i ned Ta t ari n o v .

"
m / / m i fi l ( T
’

d
’

akes to be fi u ch a n g
‘ ‘
C z a ng s z
‘
a n L y s
-
z a e za a n r
, L] ,
-

s h a n ) is also a f [ y a r a ng ea I n add i t i o n to the leaves a nd

- ’

s tal k th e sh oo t a nd roo ts are used i n m ed i c i ne

,
Th e dr ug is .

steeped i n a d e c o c t io n o f l ic orice root to correct i ts na usea n t

properties Th e t i nct u re or th e dessicated dr u g i s no t
.
, ,

s t ro ngl y e m etic b ut i f pre pared w i th v i negar its e meti c proper

, _

t ies are i n creased A l l for m s o f th e d r u g are used i n fe v ers ,

.

special l y t h ose o f m al arial ori gi n Th ere i s no for m o f t h is .

l a tter d i se a se fo r w h ic h i t i s n o t reco m m e nded The lea v e s .

a re u sed i n oi tre
g .

O ROB A N C H E AM M O P H Y L A fi ( J o u t s ung .
‘ -

j u n g ) 35
,
1 9 T sw z
gj
. an
g is a n a m e of
-
several o ro ba n c a c e o us

pla n ts .A n other var i ety o r possibly species of th e o ne un der, ,

c o ns i derati o n i s cal led g a u n g j u ng ) o r i i]

5 ( Ts ao ts ‘

3
“

-
g
0 -
, ;

Li e h ta ng) Th e a c e ts th o gh t th at th is pla n t spra n g u

( - .n i n u
p
f ro m the se me n dropped o n t h e gro u n d by wi l d stal li o ns ,

so me w h at si mi lar to t h e s upposed origi n of B a lenop aer a ,

a n oth er o roba nc a ceo us pla n t Th e grow i n g p la n t is scal y h a s

.
,

a scal y root a n d bot h th e roo t a n d stal k h a v e t h e appe a ra nc e

,

o f fles h fro m w h ich fact i t receives i ts n a m e

, B ot h t h e pla nt .

a nd r oot are eate n ei th er ra w or cooked w i th m ea t Th e roo t .

i s sal ted or dried i n th e su n for use as med ici ne

, I t is fi rs t, .

cl ea ned soaked i n w i n e a n d t h e ce n tra l fi bres rej ected

, , .

These l atter are co nsidered to be d eleteri o us I ts V irt ues see m .

t o be to ni c i n al l o f th e was t i n g d i seases a nd i nj uries a s w e ll ,

as a p h rodisia c pro moti n g ferti l i ty i n w o me n a nd c uri ng

,
2 94 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

i m pote nc e i n m e n I t i s u sed i n s per m atorrh oea m e nstr ual

.
,

d i ffi c u l t i es go n orrh oea a n d al l for m s o f d i ffi c u l t i es of th e

, ,

ge n i tal orga n s Th e L ze/ g h as s i m i lar v irt ues b u t is

'

. z ta fl -
,

S pe c i al l y reco m m e n ded i n i m pote n c e .

— T
OR Y Z A S A TI VA fi3 ( ao
) fl .
} N
( ) ii
o , , ,

( K é n g) i ll], ( H s i e n
) Th ese .c h ara c ters a n d se veral oth ers
are u sed i n th e classi c s a n d other a nc i e n t w orks for r i ce .

O ri g i n al l y Ta o w a s eq u i val e n t to N o a nd was u s e d fo r th e
, ,

gl u t i n o u s var i ety w h i le Tang re ferred to th e n o n gl u ti n o u s

,
-

var i e ty A t prese n t Ta o i s a ge n era l ter m for rice a n d

.

i n c l u des both k i n ds b u t re fers fo r th e m ost part t o th e

,

n o n gl u t i n o us
-
w h i le th e gl u ti n o us i s k n ow n o n l y as N o
, .

1
K e/zg i s also w r i tte n $1 5 ( K é n g) i? ( T u ) i s a ver y o l d
‘
.

n a me a nd
,
is n o l o n ge r i n u s e The c o m m o n n a m e n o w .

i n u s e is fit ( M i ) w h i c h re fers m ore part ic u larl y to th e h u l l ed

,

ri c e. I n fa c t e very stage i n th e grow th a n d prepara t i o n o f

,

ri c e g i ves i t a d ist i n c t i ve n a m e Th e yo u n g sh oots a re cal led

.

Y a n g) th at g row i n g i n t h e fi el d is c al led i }
t ( Tao) th e
$5 (
1; , ,

u n h u l l e d ri c e i s ca ll ed 2 3: ( K é n g) th e h u l led r i ce i s cal led 716

1

m
,

M
( ) i ,
the h u l ls are cal le d th e cook ed rice i s called
( F a n ) a n d th e r i c e c o n gee i s c al led
, 333 ( Ch o u ) Th e g l u t i .

n o u s r ice is d escr i b ed i n th e P é n ts a o u n d er th e ter m i f, ( Ta o )

‘

I t m a y be u sed fo r d i st i l l i n g sp i ri ts ( M) for pastry ( 48 for , ,

sweet meats - fo r d u m pl i n gs ( ii ) a nd as p u ffed r i c e i )d 5K ,

-
.

A l l th ese are q u i te c o mmo n u ses o f t h e N o m z Th e d u m p

'

-
.

l i n gs u n der th e n a m e o f if
, ( Ts u n g t z u) are m ade a t th e -
,

t i m e o f t he Fi fth M oo n Feast a n d c o n s u m ed i n large q ua n ti t ies .

T hey are a lso m a de o f gl u t i n o u s m i lle t a n d so met i mes are ,

st u ffed w i th m eat o r s wee t meats The p u ff ed o r p a rc hed r i c e

-
.

i s sold a t al l t i mes o f t h e y e a r a n d is l argel y co ns u m ed by ,

ch i ldre n a nd perso n s o f weak d i ges t i o n I t also serves as a .

fo u nda t i o n fo r c a n d y bal ls w h ic h are m ad e by s weet m ea t ,

-

m akers a n d w h i ch vary i n size fro m that o f a m arble to bal ls

,

a foot or m ore i n d i a m eter A st i c k y co n fe c t i o n i s also m ad e

.

of th i s rice a n d sold by st reet ve nd ors i n str i ps or cakes Th e .

r i c e i s c o n sidered to o h eati n g as a c o n sta n t art i c le o f d iet a n d ,

i t i s sa i d to prod uc e paraly tic sy m pto m s i n m e n c ats dogs , , ,

a n d h orses i f c o n s u m ed for so m e ti m e ( beri beri ?) I t i s c o ns i d -

,
2 96 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

th e prepara t io n i t w i ll prod u ce th irst

, The r us t so me t i m es .

f o u n d growi n g o n th e ears o f rice c al led ti eg gfi (

ll K e n g k u ,
-

n u) ,
is ad m i n istered i n ac u te paralysi s o f t he fa uc es Th e .

lix iviated ash of ri ce s t ra w i f: 15 ( H o k a n) i s u sed as a n ,

-
,

a n tid ote i n arse n ical poiso n i n g .

A n oth er sor t of r i ce i s descr ibed u nd er th e ter m i ll] ( H s ie n) .

I t wa s b ro ugh t fro m Coc h i n Ch i na ( 5 gigI ) by t h e F u kie n es e

-
,

a n d is therefore cal led 5

if; ( Ch a n tao
) I t i s a n u pla n d r i c e -
.
,

a n d as i t ri pe n s earlier tha n oth er varie t ies i t i s cal led

5 i t?
1

( Tsao tao )-
I t s q u a l
. i ties are t he sa m e as t h e ord i n ary r ice .

T h e l ix iviated ash of th e straw i s u sed i n n a u sea a n d to d estroy

s to mach w or m s Th e C h i n ese dry boi led rice i n th e s un a n d
.

t h e n gri nd i t i nt o flo u r cal led file 15 n)

} ( M i f
,
e Th is i s u se d -
.

fo r m ak i n g gr ue l t o feed d ry n ursed i n fa n ts a nd i n v a l i ds -
.

I t also m akes a n exc e i l e nt po u l tice ( For m al ted rice see M a lt, .

a n d for Co ng ee see th a t article i n th e A dde n da

) .

O S M A N T H US F RA G RAN S fl ( Y en k u ei ) fl .
-
,

( M u h si
-
) T h is tree grows o n c l i ff s ; h e n c e t h e fi rst n a me
.
It .

is spoke n of i n the P e n ts a o at th e cl ose of th e arti cl e on

c i n na m o n w h ere i t i s said th at t here are th ree varieti es : o ne
,

w i t h w h ite flo wers cal led ifi ( Y i n k uei )

, o n e w i t h y ell o w -
,

fl owers cal led g E ( C h i n k ue i ) a nd o ne w i th red flowers

,
-
, ,

cal led f } E ( Ta n k u ei ) There are so m e v ar i e t i es th at fl owe r

-
.

i n th e a u t u m n so m e i n th e spri n g so me ea c h seaso n a n d so me
, , ,

m o nt hl y T h e bark of th e tree is th i n h as n o t the propertie s

.
,

o f tr u e ci n n a m o n a nd is n o t u sed i n m ed ici n e
,
Th e flower s .

are very fragra n t are e m pl oyed for sce n ti n g t ea a nd w i ne , a nd

,

a n oi l is d istil led fro m th e m c al led

E 15 5 th ( K u e i h u
,
a
y u)
- -
,

66 2 . Th is tree is mu ch c u l ti vated i n C h i na for its fragra nt

fl ow ers w hic h ap pear i n great profusi o n i n th e ax i ls of t h e
,

l ea v es T h ese are used se m i m ed ic i n ally as a flavor for oth er

.
-

m ed ici nes t o d isg ui se fo ul odors as a t us s i c re m ed y a nd i n

, , ,

cos m et ic preparatio n s f or the h air a n d sk i n T h e pl a n t i s th e .

sa m e as t h e Ol ea f r ag r a a s of Th un ber
g .

O S M U N DA R E GA LI S — § ( We i )
"9
Th is i s a J apa n es e
.
f
.

i de n ti fi c ati o n b u t w i th o u t do u bt th e sa m e ter m i s so m eti m es

,

appl ied t o th is fer n i n C h i na H ow e v er t h e pla n t describe d .

,
 VEGE T AB L E K I N G D O M . 297

in th e P éa tsa ode r t h i s title is a l eg u mi no us o ne p robabl y

un ,

Vzeza g zga n tea or L a t/ m r ztzm u s m

’ '

i th e sa e
’

z ra s
y a B u t n .

a rti c l e th e ch ara c ter is m ade to re fer to

$ 5?( M i c h ii e h ) w h ic h -
,

u nder th e ar t icl e o n fl C h ii e h ) P ter zs a gu zl zn a is describe d

’ ’ ’

( , ,
”
as a
“
floweri ng fer n t h u s e vid e ntly re ferri n g to Os mu na a
,
'
.

B u t i t is no t d isti nguis h ed med i ci nal l y fro m P ter zs

'

O X A LI S C ORN IC U L A T A —§fz if? ( Tso c h i a ng)

.
jfi
E -
,

( S u a n c h ia n g
-
) 1 2
, 0 4 ) J as ,a (
? H s
\ i ao s u a n T h is
-
w el l
k n ow n s mal l pla n t w i th i ts ter na te so u r leaves i s fo un d i n a ll
, ,

parts of C h i na C h i ldre n l ike t o ea t t h e y o u ng fr es h lea v es

. .

I n th e fo ur th m oo n i t bears a s m al l y el low fl ow er ,
It .

i s co n fo u n ded w i th Ru mex fap om ca s Co ol i ng, a n t h el mi n tic

'

.
,

e m me na gog u e d i u retic li t h o nt ri ptic ast ri nge n t a nd sty pti c

, , , ,

q u al i t ies are re ferred t o t h e pla n t a nd th e j uice is h eld to be

,

a n t i d ota l to m erc u r i al a nd arse ni cal poiso ni n g as wel l as be n e ,

fi c i a l wh e n a p plied to b ur ns, i ns ec t scor p i o n b i te s , a nd

erup t io ns .
2 98 C H I NE S E MA T ER I A M E D I C A .

P .

PA C H Y M A CO COS g — "
fi 2 ( E u l i ng) 3 3 2
5 T h is is a -
,
.

fu ng u s grow t h u po n th e roots o f fi r trees a nd is u sed b y ,

t he C h i nese both as a food a n d m ed i c i ne I t is m e t w i t h .

i n th e for m o f large t u bers h av i n g a c orr uga ted bl ackish , ,

brow n sk i n a n d co n s i st i n g i n ter n al l y o f a h ard s tar c h y s ub

, ,

s ta n ce of a w h i te col or b u t so m eti mes ti n ged w i th pal e ,

red or brow n espe c i all y towards th e o u tside Th e t u ber is

,
.

so meti mes perforated by a n i rreg u l ar cha n ne l l i n ed w i t h

red m e m bra n e m arki n g i ts atta c h me n t to th e root
, Th e .

t ubers v ary i n size fro m th at o f a fi s t to th at of a peck

m eas ure Th e s m al ler o n es a n d espec i ally th ose wh ic h c li n g
.
,

to th e root are c al led H ,i fih (

rt E u sh en
) Th ey are m et w i t h -
.

o n th e si tes of o ld fi r pl a n tatio n s or a c t u al ly c o n n e c ted w it h ,

l i vi n g fi r trees Th e C h i nese s u ppose these t u bers to be pro

.

d uc e d ei th er fro m th e m eta m orph osed res i n o f th e fi r tree o r ,

fro m t h e spu rio u s vapors of th e tree Th ey do n ot eas i l y .

d ecay a n d are sa i d t o be fo u n d u n c ha n ged after ly i ng i n

,

th e gro u n d fo r a period o f th irty years Th e C h i n ese co n .

fo un d th e m w i th th e ge n u i n e root o f th e S m i l a x fi s e a a o ’

C/ a n d th e two s u bsta n c es are ex ported to I nd ia or else

’

zzn a ,

w h ere a s Ch i n a 7 001 Th e hardest a n d w h i test i s th e best

-
. .

Th e s u bsta n ce probably c o ns i sts largely o f pe c t i n e a nd i s ,

f ree fro m s mel l o r taste A s i m ilar s ubsta n c e i s fo u n d i n

.

Japa n a n d i n A m er i c a i n w h i c h latter co u n try i t is c alled ,

I n Ch i n a i t i s gro u n d u p m i xed wi t h r i c e
’
[ n a za f z br e a a
’ -
.
,

fl o u r a n d mad e i n to s m a l l sq uare cak es wh i c h are sold h o t

, ,

by h a wkers o n th e streets o f m ost c i t i es i n th e Ce n tral prov

i n c es M edi c i nal l y i t is c o ns idered to be pept i c n u tr i e n t
.
, , ,

d i u ret i c a nd q u i et i n g espe c i al l y i n th e n ervo u s disorders o f

, ,

ch ild re n I t is pres c r i bed i n wast i n g d i seases

. The red .

v ariety is spe c i al l y re c o m m e n ded i n d i a rrhoeas a nd d isorders

of th e bladder w h ile th e sk i n o f th e t u ber 3 3 3 i s c o ns i dered
, , ,

u sefu l as a d i u ret i c i n d ropsy Th e s m al ler a n d yo u n ger .

variet i es Hi fiilll ( F u s h é n) are c o nsidered t o be s u per i or as a

,
-
,

n erve to n i c a n d sedati ve to t hose wh i c h are older a n d larger .

The portio n of t he root of th e fi r tree w h ic h is e ncircled by

3 00 C H I NE S E M AT ER I A M ED I C A .

O N I A A L B IFL ORA —E§ gig ( S hao yao ) 1 4 3 1 1 1 2 ,

PE .
-
, ,

9 59 . Properl y speaki n g th is C h i nese n a m e is ge n er i c ; there

bei n g t wo ki nds d escr i bed i n th e P é n ts a o : o ne wi th wh i te
fl owers cal led Q fl( m
'

C h i n shao yao ) w h i ch i s P e o a a l bi - -
,

flor a a n d t h e oth er w i th red flowers called 257 £92 ( M u S h ao -

ya o) w h ic h ma y be P e o nza ofi czn a l zs i n so m e cases wh i le i n

’ ' '

, ,

oth ers i t is co nfo unded w i th P ceom a m ou ta n The pla n t i s

'

f o un d growi n g w ild i n A n h u i a n d H o n a n as w el l as i n Sze ,

c h u a n I t is also c u l t ivated i n K ia n gs u fo r i ts root w h ich is

.
,

u sed i n m ed ici ne I t is a d r u g m uc h pr i zed by C h i nese d octors

.
,

wh o us e i t as a to n ic al terati v e astri n ge n t a nd ge n eral re med y

, , ,

i n d iseases o f w o me n A s fo u nd i n th e sh ops i t is i n h ard

.
, ,

h ea v y pie c es taperi ng of th e size o f th e t h u m b o r m idd le

, ,

fi n ger a n d fro m fo u r to s ix i n ch es lo n g
, I t is of a pi n kis h .

w h i te color o n t h e o utside a nd m ark ed w i th scars a nd t u ber ,

cles a nd is w h i tish or brow n ish a n d se m i tra nsl u ce n t i n th e

, , ,

i n terior I t is sa id to be a n od y n e d i u ret i c a nd car m i n ativ e

.
, ,
.

I t i s speci al l y reco mme n ded i n th e d iseases o f preg na nc y a nd

al l for ms o f p u erperal d i fli c ul ty I t h as also spe c i al actio n .

u po n t h e s le e n
p l iver sto m ach
,
a nd i n testi n es a nd i s pre
, , ,

scribed i n no sebleed w o unds a nd other he morrh ages , ,

.

P E Q N IAM OU T A N ( M o u ta n
) T h is i s k n ow n .
-
.

as t h e tr ee p z ony a nd is also cal led 72 I ,

th e “

k i n g o f flowers ” a n d E m
"

é ( Pai l i a n g ch i n) a h undred - - “
, ,
”
o un ces o f gold Th is latter n a m e i s gi ve n o n a c co u n t o f th e
.

v al ue i n w h ic h t h e C h i nese h old t h is exceed i n gl y pop ular flower .

I t is a p la nt wh i ch is al ways d is c ussed a t le n gt h i n a l l C h i n es e
‘

w orks o n bota n y more th a n th i r ty v ariet i es bei n g described .

B y l o ng care th e pla n t h as bee n re nd ered s uflruc t i c ose I t is

,
.

grow n i n Szec h u a n w h ere i t see m s to h a v e bee n i nd i ge no us

, ,

b u t i t h a s bee n c u l tiv a ted for s u ch a l o ng per i od th at the w i l d

va riety is n o l o n ger val u ed D ur i ng th e H a n dy n as ty Lo .
,

y a ng i n H o n a n was fa m o us for i ts m om cm flowers The bark ‘

.

f th e root 8 1 2 4 5 i s th e par t u sed i n m ed i ci n e a n d is me t

p 57, , , ,

w i th i n q u i l ls th ree 0 1: f o ur i nch es l o ng dark brow n o n th e ,

u ts i de a nd o f a p u rpl ish c olor o n th e i ns i de a nd o n th e brok e n

o ,

s u r fa c e I t h as a war m flav or a nd b ut l i ttle s m el l

. I t is pre .

scr ibed i n fe v ers colds ner v o us d isorders , h e m orr h a ges , head

, ,
 VEGE T A B L E K I N GDOM .
3 0 1

a c h es a nd me ns t r ual d i ffi c ul ties I ts prol o nged use i s s u ppose d

,
.

t o gi v e vigor to th e bod y a n d to l e n gth e n li fe The root o f t h i s .

p ae o n y fl} fl (Ta n ken) 1 2 4 2 a nd th e s m al l rootle ts fi if;

,
-
, , ,

( T a n h s ii
-
) 1 2 4 1 are
,
m e n tio n ed i n t he C usto m s l is t b u t d o no t
, ,

a ppe ar i n t he P é n tsa o .

P A LI U R U S RA M O SI S SI M U S —é fl ( Pa i c h i ) Th i s .
-
.

i s a r h a m n ace o us s h r u b fo u n d i n th e so uth o f Ch i n a grow i ng

,

t o t h e h ei gh t o f th ree o r fo u r fee t T he wood of i ts ste m is .

v ery w h i te w h ic h d isti ng u is h es i t fro m t he j uj ube tree

,
It .

h as rath er l o n g s t rai gh t spi nes a nd the bra nch es a n d leaves

, ,

a re m ore or less to m e n tose Th e d r u g see m s to co ns ist o f th e .

s pi nes a nd for th i s reaso n they are by so me sai d t o be th e

,

sp i nes o f t h e j uj u be tree a n d i t m a y wel l be th at th ese are ,

so meti m es s u bst i t uted T h ey a re prescribed i n spo nta n eo us

.

”
pai ns ne ural gias
,
stitc h i n t h e s ide,
a nd t he l i ke
“
The y are , .

also said to i nc rease v iri l ity i n m arr i ed m e n a nd to be n e fi t t h e

ge n i to u ri nary syste m Th e ashes o f t he twi gs m i xed w ith oi l
- .
, ,

are u sed to clea nse fi l t h y h ai r H ere th e C h i nese ca me very .

n ear to m ak i n g soap Th e flo wers a re used as a n a ppl ic atio n

.

t o disch arg i ng wo u nds Th e fr u i ts are sa i d to be cool i ng a nd

.

d i uret i c The lea v es are a ppl ie d i n ch ro n i c u lcer o f t he le g

. .

PANAX G I N S E NG i t (J é n 55 4 7
11th E(
: Sh. en ,

t s ao ) Th i s wi th th e C h i n e se is the med i c i n e p a r exce l /

’
.
, a n ce ; ,

th e d er m er r es s or t w he n al l o th er dr ugs fail ; reserved for th e

'

us e o f th e E mperor a nd h is h o useh ol d a nd c o n ferred by ,

I m perial fa vor u po n h i g h a nd u sefu l o fli oia ls w h e n eve r t h ey

h ave a seri o u s breakd ow n t hat d oes n o t y ield to ord i nary
treat me n t a nd w h i c h th reate ns to p ut a period to th e i r l i ves
,

a n d u sefu l n ess T he pri nc i pal C h i nese n a m e is d eri v ed fro m

.

a fa n cied rese mbla n ce of t h e root t o th e h um a n for m a n d to ,

certai n astral i nfl ue nces sa id to be deri ved fro m th e co ns tel

lati o n of O rio n I t is related t h at d uri ng th e reig n o f We n ti ,
.

'

o f th e S u i dy n asty
( 58 1 to 6 0 1 a t S ha n gta n g i n S h e nsi ,

a t th e back o f a certai n perso n s h ouse

’
wa s h eard eac h n i gh t ,

th e i m plori n g voice o f a ma n a nd w h e n sear c h w as m ade for ,

°

t h e so u rce o f th i s so und , a t th e d ista nce o f abo ut a 12 th ere

wa s see n a r e markable gi nse ng pla n t U po n d i ggi ng i nto th e .
3 02 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

eart h to th e depth o f fi v e feet th e root was sec ured h avi ng ,

the sha pe of a m a n w i th fo u r ex tre m i t i es perfe c t a n d c o m plete ;

,

a n d i t w as th i s th at h ad bee n c a l l i n g o u t i n th e n i gh t w i th a

m a n s vo i ce
’
. I t was therefore c alled ( T ’
u c h i ng) spir i t -
,
“

”
o f th e gro u n d . I t i s sa i d th at th e best g 1 ns e n g for m erly c a me
f ro m t h i s Sh a n gta n g b u t at prese n t n o tr ue g i n se n g i s
,

prod u c ed i n th at part o f S h a n s i ; o n th e c o n trary the pl a c e is ,

f a m o us fo r i ts prod u c tio n o f ”
“
bastard g i nse n g fro m A rk n a
fi /
zo r a
( w h i ch art i c le see ) a nd other c a m pa n u l a c eo u s pla n ts .

Th e g i n se n g w h i c h i s c o n s i d ered to be th e best i s th e w i ld
grow i n g var i ety of M a n c h u r i a a n d the n ex t i n rep u te is th a t
,

co m i n g fro m K orea The for m er is pra c t i c al ly al l reserved

.

for I m per i al u se w h ile th e ord i n ary q u al i t ies o f th e latter are

,

th e best th a t a ppea r o n th e ge ne a l m arket J apa nese a nd r .

A m er 1c a n gi n se n g are a lso fo u n d i n q u a n t i t i es b ut th ese , ,

espe c ial ly th e latter are c o n s i d ered to be m u c h i n fer ior to th e

,

K orea n k i nd . A m er i c a n g i nse n g is c o ns i der e d by Wester n

p h ysicia n s to h ave n o m ed i c i n al v i rt ues w orth m e n t io n i n g ,

a nd i s th o u gh t to be a s u perfl u o us m e m ber o f th e Ph ar m a c o

p m i a
. B u t e n t i rel y apart fro m ideas o f i ts astral relatio n s ,

tr ue C h i nese gi nse ng is pers i ste n tl y h eld by th e C h i n ese to

h ave sti m ula n t to n i c a nd restorati ve propert i es wh ich g i ve i t
, , ,

i ts h i gh place i n th e i r ph ar m acology I t i s probable th at th e

.

M a n ch u r i a n d r u g h as no t bee n carefu l ly st u died by a ny E u ro

pea n observer o n acco un t o f its s c ar c i ty th e I m per i al m o ,

n o p ol y a nd i ts ex c eed i n g h i gh pr i ce ; th i s best q u a l i ty be i n g
,

v al u ed at Tae ls a p i c ul a n d th e s u per i or sort c ost i n g as

,

m u c h as 2 50 t i m es i ts w e i gh t i n s i l ver F o r th ese reaso ns

.

also o n l y two or th ree c o m plete herbar i u m spe c i m e n s o f th e

M a n ch u ria n w i ld gi nse n g pl a n t are to be fo u nd i n th e
m u se u ms o f E u rope The ord i nary g i n se n g o f the m arkets
.

h as bee n st ud i ed a n d h as no t bee n fo u n d to possess a n y i m p or

ta n t m ed i c i n al properties B ut th e Ch i nese des c ribe c ases i n
.

w h i c h th e s i ck h ave bee n pract i c al l y i n art i c ul o m ort i s w h e n ,

U po n th e ad mi n istrat i o n of g i n se ng they were s u fli c i e n tl y restored

to t ra n sact fi n al i te m s o f b u s i n ess M u c h o f the g i n se n g 0 11
.

t he m arket c o n s ists o f c a m pa n u la c eo us ro o ts s ubst i t u ted for ,

th o se o f t h e aral i aceo u s s a x Th e for me r roots w h i le i n a

.
,

ge neral way r ese m bl i n g those o f th e tr ue gi n se ng are m ore or ,

3 4
0 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

or as a decoc t i o n si l ver vessel s u s ual l y bei ng e m pl oy ed fo r t h i s

,

p urpose M ed i c i na l ly th e C h i n ese c lai m i t t o be

.
,
a to n i c “

to th e fi ve v iscera q u i eti ng th e a n i m al sp i ri ts ( fi ll140 estab

-

, 1

l i s h i ng th e so u l (25 3 K ( g) al lay i n g fear ex pel l i ng ev i l e fll uv i a

, , , ,

br igh te n i ng t h e eye ope ni n g u p th e heart be n e fi t i n g the

,
’
,

u n dersta n d i n g a nd i f t a ke n for so m e t i m e i t w il l i n vigorate t h e

,
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b od y a n d prolo n g l i fe A l terat i v e to n ic sti m ula nt car m i n a
.
, , ,

t ive a n d d e m u l c e n t properties are th e o nes pri n c ipal l y ascribed

,

t o i t a nd i t i s pres c r i be d i n n earl y every k i n d o f d i sease of a

,

se v ere character w i t h few ex cept i o n s b ut w i th ma n y reser v a

, ,

ti o n s as to th e s tage o f th e dis ease i n w h ic h i t m a y be

ad m i n i stered w it h th e greates t be ne fi t a n d safe t y A l l for ms .

of debil i ty s pe rm a to rrh ma th e as th e ni c he morrhages th e

, , ,

v ario u s for ms o f severe dy spepsia t h e p ersiste n t vo mi ti ng o f ,

preg n a n t w o m e n ch ro ni c m alaria co n ti nued fe v ers ex ha us t

, , ,

i ng di s c h arges ol d c o ughs a n d pol y uria are treated w i t h th is

, ,

dr u g i n co nfi de nce of rel i e f a nd c ure The leaves 26 g ( S h en .

,

l u) are sold i n b un dles o f t h e gree n fragra n t excel le n tl y

, , ,

preserved fol i age o f th e s h r ub T h ey a re used as a n e metic .

a nd expec t ora n t re me dy .

P AN A X R E P E N S 2g ( T u sh en) 1 3 8 0 Th is i s
‘ -
. .
,

gi v e n i n t h e C u sto m s li sts as a n arti c le o f co m merce b u t i t i s ,

n o t m e n ti o n ed i n t h e P é n t s a o T he Ch i n ese ter m m a y also be .

a ppl ied to n ati v e gi nse n g re ferri n g t o t h at prod u ce d w i t h i n ,

C h i na proper as dis ti ngui shed fro m t ha t bro u gh t fro m oth er

,

places I n Szec h ua n wil d s

. a x r e e n s is k n o wn by th e
p
na m e 4: ( S a n
5 b ut i n ot h er pa r ts o f C h i n a S a n
1 0 9 '

fid a
' '

ciz z is Gy n u r a p zn n a t g
'
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.

P A N ICU M C ORV I P a m czzm cr u s g a l l i —fi

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C RUS ,

( )
Pai i f (
:
, W u h o)
fl ( Sh u i p a i ) 5 fl ( Ha n pai ) T h is
-
,
-
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.
-
.

a n i c g r a s s takes t h e place i n C h i n a of f a r es a n d M ea ts i n
p
w ester n c o untries It grows ple n t i fu lly i n a w ild state al m os t
.

every wh ere a nd is fo und i n fi elds o f m illet wh eat a nd rice

, , ,
.

Th e seed i s said to be fo u nd i n th rashed m i l let so m eti mes t o

t h e a m o u n t o f th ree t e n th s of th e t otal b u lk Th e grai n -
.
,

al th o u gh som ewh a t bitter i n taste is ed ible , a nd i ndeed i s ,

s o me t i mes u sed i n ti mes o f scarc ity as a s u bs t i t u t e for o th er '

 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDOM .
3 05

cereals I ts u se i s sa i d to be ne fi t t h e breat h a n d to act o n t h e

.

S pl ee n Th e sh oots a n d roots are used br u i sed a s a n app l i ca

.

tio n to w o u nds to ch e c k h e m orrha ge .

P A N IC U M F RUM E N TA CE U M t z i1 ) It .
— fi§ -
.

”
th e r agg a
'

i s no t ce rtai n th a t th is i s n o t E l eu s zyze
“

o f I nd ia B oth were fo u n d by Sta u n to n i n Sh a nt u ng t h e

.
,

f or m er c u l ti va ted a nd th e la tter w i ld I t is also cal led 52J R .

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n s cla w m i llet fi R 1? (
’
( L u n g ch ao s u)
-
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,
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a nd l
fi, [ Y a - -
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c h ao pai )
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o n ac c o u n t o f th e shape o f i ts
- -
,

h ead . I t grows i n m oist gro u n d a n d s o me w h at rese m bles ,

P a m czt m er a s co m/2 h avi n g a gra i n l ik e s zczm z m zh ace zm z

' ° ' ’ ’

, ,

b ut s mal ler I t is c ul ti vated i n S h a n t u n g a nd H o na n

. Th e .

g rai n i s red a n d h as a ro u gh taste w h e n pre pared as food

,
It .

h a s 11 0 pa rtic ul ar m edi c i n al u s e s b u t i s c o n sid ered to be to n ic , ,

n u tri t i o us a n d s tre n gth e n i n preserv i n g h eal t h a nd wa d i n g

, g r ,

o ff d is e ase .

P AN IC U M M I L IA C E U M ( Ch i ) see m s to be a .

e era l n a m e fo r th e s pec ies w h i le $ 7

35 5 ( C h i ) see m s to re fer
‘
g n

more properl y to th e n o n gl u ti no u s variety é ( u) i s th e

S h -
.

t er m for th e gl u ti n o u s va r i ety 32 ( Tz ii ) is a n oth er co mm o n .

n a m e for th e p a n i cl e d m i lle t Th is co m prises t w o of th e 33: fig .

( W u
-
k )
n o f Sh en n u n g t he others be i n g r ice w h eat a n d barley , , ,

a n d th e soy be a n Of t h e si x grai n s o f th e C/ zou l z i t also

'

.
,

for m s t wo th e oth ers be i n g ri ce S a m { a zta l zca w h e a t a nd

' '

/
, , , ,

H y d r opy r u m ; a nd of th e n i n e grai ns e n u mera ted i n a n oth er

part o f t h e Clzou l z i t a gai n for ms t wo t h e o th ers bei n g S eta r za
’
'

, ,

m p soy bea n P /
’ ' ’

zta l zca g l zzl zn os a rice h e ,

za s eol u s
,
bea ns , , ,

barle y a n d w h ea t
,
B oth v ariet ies h av e bee n k no w n a nd
.

c ul ti vated i n C h i n a fro m th e earliest t i mes a nd are probably ,

i ndi ge n o us t h e ch aracters bei ng exceed i ngly a n cie n t

,
Th e .

fi rs t c h a racter refers to t h e n ecessity of careful plow i n g fo r th e

grai n (i a n d i t ) th e seco nd to a grai n s ui table f or sacr i fi ce
,

n fo r t h e m a n u fa c t u re o f
(fi : a nd i i
i ) w h i le t h e ,
th i rd is a g rai
spirits by fer me nta ti o n A 7k) T h e fact th at th e C h i nese .

disti n g u ish so clearly be twee n th ese t w o varie ties o f pa n icled

m i l le t h as l ed Legge B i ot a n d oth er tra n sl ators of t h e classi cs
, ,
” ”
to tra nslate i}? by ric e v sorgh u m a nd oth er si m i lar
“
,
“
,
3 06 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

a tte m pts a t k eepi n g t h e tra n sl at i o n of th i s c h aracter a nd i

d i st i n c t A t Pek i n g th e n o n gl u t i n o u s m i l le t is c o m m o n l y
.
-

n g
c al led E 33
2 ( M i Th is c h aracter is also w ri tte $1 5K
H u a n g m i ) is a n other c o m mo n n a me Th ere are several
(
-
.

s u b varie ties
-
prod uc i n g red w h i te y el l o w a nd dark col ored
, , , ,

gra i n s Th i s i s c o ns i der e d th e ch i ef of grai n s a n d as t he

.
,

c h iefes t a n d bes t s h o uld be o ff ered i n sacri fi ce i t i s th e proper ,

sacri fic i a l grai n (ffS I f eate n ex c l usi vel y i t i s sa id to pred is

-

”
pose to th e tw e n ty si x cold d i seases ( i n cl ud i n g m aras mu s
-
,

ag ue para lyses a n d th e l i ke ) I ts u se is co n s i d ered stre n gthe n

, ,
.

i n g a n d n o u r i sh i n g I t i s cool i n g a nd a n tid otal to t h e

.
,

pois o n i ng by c i n n abar or M onzor a zca

’

I ts acti o n
’

u po n th e sto m a c h is co n sidered to be de m u l c e n t a n d be n e fi cial .

I t s h o u ld be eate n w i th m u tto n Th e cooked m ass also m akes .

a n ex c el le n t po ul t i c e for bo i ls a n d abs c esses Th e root of t h e .

pla nt is used i n decocti o n for pyrosis a n d d i fli c ul t labor .

The gl u t i no u s v ar i ety (i ) h as also severa l s u b varie ties -

.

Th e red is c alled ( M 6 11
) also wri tte n E ; th e w h i te 6
t h e dark col ored $5 ( C h u ) ; a nd a k i n d sai d to c o n ta i n t w o
seeds w ith i n o n e g l u m e i s c al led $5 Prol o n ged use of
this m i llet as food i s sai d to ca use fever a nd d isco m fort to
pr od uc e i n c h i ldre n a nd a n i m als w h ic h eat i t co n t i n u o usl y
i n co ord i nati o n o f vol u n tary m oti o n a nd to pred ispose to
'

i n fec t i o n w i t h pi n w or m s Th e for m er co n d i ti o n is probabl y

.

d ue to t h e prese n c e of so m e paras i ti c grow th u po n t h e grai n ,

a n d th e l atter i s probabl y a c o i n cide n ce n e m atode i n fectio n

-
,

bei ng exceed i n gly co m mo n i n C h i na Its ord i nary use as food .

is co nsid ered to be n u tri t i o u s a n d s t re n gth e ni n g I f i n c iner .

ated m ixed w i t h oi l a nd a ppl i ed to ve nereal sores t h ey w il l

, ,

h eal w i tho u t a scar If c he w ed a n d th e j uice appl ied to gap i ng

.

sores o f ch i ld re n i t is co nsidered to be a soverei gn re med y

,
.

Th e red var i e ty i s espe c i all y re c o m m e n ded i n co u ghs fe vers , ,

fl u xes to restore th e y i n pri n ci pl e i n m ales a nd to pre v e n t

, ,

j ealo u sy i n fe mal es Th e stalks a n d root are co nsidered to be

.

sl ig h tl y d eleterio u s A deco c tio n is prescr i bed i n M omom zm

’
’
.

poiso n i n g a nd is u sed i n th e bat h for pri ck l y h eat a nd sk i n

,

er upt i o ns Wh e n take n w i th P /
. za s eol zzs bea n s i t i s di ure ti c , .

I t i s also ad m i n i stered i n the h e ma t uri a of preg n a n t w o me n,

a n d i n S prai n s i t is u sed as a fo m e n tati o n .
308 C H I N E S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

is ph ysical a nd m oral deteriora t i o n i nso mn i a develops sex ua l , ,

dege n era c y s u perve n es a n d th ere i s la c k o f m oral co n trol

, .

Th e d r u g i s h ere sa i d to h ave bee n bro u gh t fr o m IBMDE ifi

”
( K o la a h ai
) A rabia sea a n d w as sai d to be prod u c ed
“
-
p
- -
n
,

i n [Pf R EE DE ( Ch i ao l i u pa ) a n d 5 5k ( L n s u n g) t h e P h i l i p
- - -
,

p i n es . A l th o u g h i t w as a proh i bi ted arti c le o f c o mm er c e ,

t h ere w ere th ose w h o i n sisted u po n h av i n g i t cla i m i n g th a t i t ,

i n creased stre ng th a n d pro m oted sl ee p A s a c o n seq ue n ce c o n .

,

s u m pti o n was th e n o n th e i n c rease So m e h ad s m ok ed to th e

.

e xte n t th a t t h ey h ad m i gg a (
i o c h ia s ha 11 g s h é n
) brok e “
P ‘ - n - -
,
y

”
u p th e h o me a n d d estroyed th e bod y The c o n fir m ed opi u m .

s m oker i s des c ri bed as bla c k fa c ed weak voiced wa tery eyed -

,
-
,
-
,

w i th prolapse of th e bow e ls a n d prospe c t o f a n earl y d ea th

,
.

Th e C h i nese n a m es a t t he h e a d o f t h i s ar ti c l e are al l
i n te n ded t o i m i tate th e A rab i a n n a m e afi a u m or th e Persia n , ,

a
fi ozm I t
. is sa i d tha t t h e rese m bla nc e of th e fl owe r of
t h e poppy t o th a t o f th e H i bi s cu s 35 353 ( F u j u n g ) g ive s ,
1 -
,

ca u se fo r th e u s e of th ese t w o c hara c t ers i n tra ns li te ra t m g .

Th e dr u g see m s t o h a ve fi rs t c o m e fro m A ra b ia or Pers i a ,

probably a t t he beg i n n i n g by overla n d ro u te t h ro ugh I n d ia .

Th e exte n s i o n o f i t s u s e see m s to h a ve bee n m ore o r les s

grad ual I n th e M i n g d y n ast y i t c a m e i n to ge n eral u s e i n
.

m ed i ci n e I t w as th e n g i ve n as a n astr i n ge n t a n d sed at i ve i n
.

dyse n tery d iarrh oea rh e u m at i s m c atarrh c o ugh s l e u corrh oea

, , , , , ,

d ys me n orrh oea a n d S pe m a t o rr h oea b u t ge n erall y i n c o m bi n a

, ,

t io n w ith oth er d r u gs A t th e prese n t t i m e th is p ra cti ce h as

.

largel y ceased a n d th e dr u g is bra n ded w i th al l th e i nfa m y

,

a nd i l le g al i ty wh i c h bel o n g to th e h ab i ts o f O pi u m s m ok i n g -

a n d op i u m eati n g Fro m t h e research es o f M r H obso n mad e

-
. .
,

i n th e s i x th d ecad e o f th e l as t c e n t u r y i t a ppears th at opi u m ,

was a re c og n ized prod u c t o f th e pre fe c t u re o f Y u n gch a n g i n ,

th e w est o f th e prov i nc e o f Y u n n a n i n th e year 1 7 3 6 th e , ,

begi n n i n g o f th e re i g n o f C h i e n l u n g G row i n g th e poppy for .

th e prod u c t i o n o f op i u m i n th e c e n tr a l prov i n c es d id n o t tak e

pla c e u n ti l abo u t th e m id d l e o f th e X I X C e n t u ry a nd t h e ,

pop u l ar story i n Sze c h u a n i s th at i t was i n trod u ced t h ere fro m

I n d i a a n d Th i be t t owards th e e n d o f C h i e n l u ng s rei g n (say
’

abo u t F u l l y o ne h al f o f th e bes t arabl e la n d i n Sz e

-

c h ua n i s bel ieved by M r H obso n to h ave bee n gi v e n up .

 VEGE T AB L E K I N G D OM .
3 09

t o th e beari n g o f a n a nn u al c rop of popp y A n d 11 e fo u n d .

t h at proba bl y seve n te n th s o f th e d wellers i n t ow ns i n

-

Sze c h u a n w ere h abit u a l opi u m s m ok ers a n d t h at m ore th a n -

,

o ne h al f o f
-
th e c o un try peopl e h ad fal le n v i c t i m s t o t h is
-

sed ucti v e a nd i nj urio us h a bit .

Fore ig n opi u m h as a nu m ber o f na m es t h e pri n ci pal o f ,

w h i c h a re Q fill ( K u ng yé n) i } g ( K u ng kao ) {2} i ( K un g

-
,
-
,

t u) or 71} I} ; j ; ( K u ng p a n
‘ -
fro m t he C h i nese na me for t h e
E ast I nd ia C o m pa n y Q} H , I {5 ( K u n g pa n ya ) Th ese ter m s are - -
.

a lso used f o r Pat n a opi u m a n d for th e

”
fi rs t c l ass q u a l i ty “ -
.

A n ot h e r n a m e for Pa t na opi um is j : i ( Ta w h il e th e
M al wa i s k n ow n a s oh i ( H s iao lfli j: ( Y é n
i1
5: j :
5 ‘

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K a g Ca to eart h a re c om
( Ya ng a nd
5i (
“
5 u n n n -
,
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m o n n a m es fo r op i u m w h i le 5 j ; ( H e i
,
bla c k earth
,
is -
,

a sl a ng ter m for i t T h e c o mm o nest col loq u ia l ter m of al l

.
-
,
”
h owever is £ 5
,
2
fig ( Ya n g y )
e n forei -g n s m ok e ,
Th e forei g n
“ -
.

d r u g is stil l co n sidered th e best a nd i s n o t n oti ce a bl y replaced ,

by t he n ati ve arti c l e a lth o u g h th is l atter is co n siderabl y ch eape r

,

tha n t h e oth er . Th e i n crease i n t h e opi um trade is ex pl ai n e d

by t h e w id er preval e nce o f th e h abi t a n d t h e eve r i n creasi n g
co ns u mpti o n 0 11 th e par t of eac h i n d i vd ua l s m oker H e n ce .
,

al th o ugh th ere h as bee n a greatl y i nc reased prod u cti o n of t h e

n a ti ve d r u g t h ere h as also bee n a s u bsta n tia l i n cre a se i n th e
,

f orei g n i m portat i o n s I n th e l i gh t o f th i s i ncreased c o n s u m p

.

t io n i t i s s m al l w o n der th at th e C h i n ese gove r n m e n t a n d peopl e

,

are a nx i o us to proh i bi t t h e p 1 od uc ti o n of th e n ati v e d r u g a nd

t o ge t rid o f t h e tra fli c i n th e forei g n art icl e Th e S ze c h u a n .

opi u m is cal led J I[ j : ( C h ua n a nd i n fav orabl e y ears c a n

‘

be prod u ced a t abo ut h al f th e cost o f t h e I ndi a n d r ug It is .

m ad e t o i m i tate M al w a o pi um a n d D r R A Ja m i eso n fo u n d ,
. . .

i t t o co n tai n per ce n t of m orph i a I t is so m e t i m es

. .

a d ul terated w i th m ud sesa m u m a nd h e m p seeds a nd a n

, ,

ex tract fro m th e fr ui t o f S op/ 20m

j ap mzi m b u t i t i s probabl y ,

n o t ta m pered w i th m ore th a n is t h e forei n d r u g M ore ex trac t

g .

for s m ok i ng i s said to be go t fro m Sze c h ua n opi um th a n fro m

th e I nd ia n prod u ct . Y u n na n o pi u m a nd t h a t fro m K u ei c h o u , ,

are ca lled 75 j ; ( N a n w h i le t h a t fro m K a n s u S h e nsi a nd , ,

S ha nsi i s cal led E j : ( H s i Th ese al l represe n t a good

q ual i ty o f t h e n a t i v e dr ug A ccord i ng t o B aro n R i c h to fe n a
.
,
3 1 0 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

large q u a n ti ty o f op i u m so m e o f i t of a very i n feri or k i nd i s

, ,

prod u c e d i n H o n a n pro v i n c e a n d i s f o r t h e m ost par t co ns u m ed, , ,

l oca ll y O ther provi nces i n c l u d i n g M a nc h u r i a h ave prod uc ed

.
, ,

s m al l er q u a n t i ties of th e d r u g I n fa c t n o part o f t he e m pire

'
.
,

h as bee n e n ti rel y free fro m t h e s c o urge o f i ts grow th .

Th e prepared d r u g is cal led IE 3 ( Y é n ka o ) o r i tsfl ( S h u ‘ -

c ale by m i x i n g t h e ashes f ro m
y é n ) ,
a n d i s prepared o n a large s
op i u m p 1 p es w i th t h e r a w O pi um w h i ch facil i ta tes th e m ak i n g
-
,

o f t h e w ater y i n fu si o n Th i s is fu rther fi l tered a nd e va porated

.

t o t h e c o n s i ste n ce o f a th i n ex tract w h ich is co m b u st i b l e i n ,

th e op i u m p i pe w h e n h eld i n th e fla m e of a s m al l l a m p
-
.

W a te r d issol ves fro m o n e h al f t o t h ree fo u rt h s o f ord i nary - -

op i u m b u t n oth i n g is l ost by th e C h i nese prac tised m a n i p a

,

l ator .The ex trac t i s u s u al ly m a d e by t h e k eepers o f th e

o p i u m j o m ts b u t ri ch peopl e a nd B udd h ist priests us ual l y
-
,

m ak e th ei r o w n ex tr a c t Th e b ur n i n g o f th i s ex tra c t i n a n
.

i n co m plete m a n ner as i s practi c e d by t h e C h i nese y i eld s a

, ,

s m ok e c o n tai n i n g s u n d ry e mpy re u m ati c co m po u nds un k n ow n

t o th e c h e m i st b u t prod u c i n g by absor p ti o n i n to th e p u l m o n
,

ary vessels a st i m u l a n t o r so m e per fe c tl y i ndes c ri babl e e ff e c t

, ,

u n k n ow n t o al l b u t t h e a c t u a l s m oker O f t h e e ff e c ts o f th is .

h abit o ne h as h ea rd al l b u t too m u ch Th e posi t i ve ne c ess i ty of .

i m provi n g o r i n creasi n g th e q u a n ti ty o f t h e ex t ract used l eads

, , ,

to th e l oss o f th e v ol i ti o n al d i gestive a n d sex u al pow ers or i n , , ,

oth er w ords to t h e grad u al degrada t i o n of th e m a n Tha t th e

,
.

h abi t ma y be s udde n l y a nd per ma ne n tl y brok e n o fl i s a fac t of

freq u e n t experi e nce B u t th e fai l u res are far more freq ue n t
.

th a n th e c u res fro m th e fa c t th at i t req u i res grea t w i l l pow er

,

o n th e part of a weake n ed a n d e n slaved w il l T h e us e o f to n i cs .

a n d st i m u la n ts u n der care fu l s u per v i s i o n c o m bi n ed w i t h th e

, ,

provis i o n o f good food for bod y a n d m i n d w i th restra i n t a nd ,

d is c i pl i nary m eas u res i n certai n c ases w il l greatl y a i d i n c u ri n g ,

th e h a b i t Th e s ubsti t u ti o n o f d ecreas i n g doses of m orph i a

.

m a y also be practi c ed b u t sh o u ld o n l y be d o n e u nd er th e
,

s u perv i s i o n o f a c o m pete n t a nd co n sc i e n t i o u s ph y s i c i a n o r
d ispe nser l est a m orph ia eati ng h a bi t be s u bsti t u t e d for t h a t of
,
-

O p i u m s m ok i ng
-
Th e i nd i scri m i nate sale or d istri b u t i o n o f
.

a n t i op i u m pi lls m ost o f w h i c h co n ta i n m orph ia is rep re h en

-
, ,

si bl e n o t to u s e a m ore se v ere ter m

, .
31 2 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M E D I C A .

i s n o t d es c r ibed i n t h e books a nd w i th o u t observati o n i n i t s ,

h ab i ta t noth i n g m ore d e fi n i te c a n be s ai d F or i ts m ed ica l .

u ses see th e art i c le 0 11 zll zi s /

i i ooms
'

, .

P A T R I N I A S CA B I O S ZE F OL I A — t& g ( Pai c h i a n g ) .
,
-
.

"
Faber also g i v es E 3312 ( K u c h i h ) b u t th is ter m i s also appl i ed
‘ -
,

to P/ i sa /i s a zz zi l a m a nd to S o / m
j
f
g p 1 0
fla z es cen s T he root o f '
.

t h e pl a n t s m el ls l i ke spo i led so y h e n c e th e Ch i nese n a m e , .

Th e pla n t i s q u i te c o m m o n a n d is so m e ti m es c a l led " h

(K u be c a use th e a bor i g i n es eat i t I n th e spri n g w h e n

‘
.
,

t h e pla n t fi rst c o m es u p th e leaves lie 0 11 th e gro u nd ,

T he y .

appear fo u r i n a w h orl The ste m atta i n s to th e h e i gh t o f t w o

.

or th ree feet a nd i s j o i n ted ,

Th e w h ite flo w ers a ppear 011 t h e .

top of th e ste m i n a n u m bel Th e root i s th e par t u sed i n .

med i c i ne , a nd i ts proper ties are c o nsidere d to be co u n ter

po iso n resolve n t a n od y ne a nd astri nge n t
, ,
I t is pres c r i be d
,
.

i n a bs c esses post part u m pai n a n d other p u erpera l d i ffi c ul t i es

,
-
,

v ar i o us po i s i o ns a nd paras i tic sk i n d iseases

,
.

P A U L O WN I A I M P E R I A LI S — H fi] Th i s is al so .

k n ow n as [fa $15] ( P a i s
i; 1
4 ]
5 ( H a ng aa 115] ( P a o
‘
“

t un g) FE} H
‘
, ] (I
E a nd H] (
i J u n g L i S h ih c h én -

gi ves th e foll ow i n g des c r i pti o n o f t h e tree I t has very large “

leaves o f var i o u s sh apes T h e bark i s o f a d irt y w h i te c ol or

,
.
,

a n d th e w ood is l i g h t a n d n o t atta c ked b y i n sects I t is u sed .

i n m a k i n g v ari o us u te nsils a nd i s also very goo d fo r p osts a n d ,

bea ms i n b u ild i ng h o u ses I t bears flo we 1 s i n th e se c o n d .

m o n th rese m bli n g th ose of [ p o m wa li en/

,
g r a ced o f a w h ite or ,

p u rple col or T h e fr u i t i s more th a n a n i nc h l o n g a nd as

.

large as a j uj u be W i th i n t h e ca ps ule are the seeds w h ic h

.
,

are l igh t flat te n ed a nd w i n ged l ike t he seeds o f th e e l m tree

, ,
.

W h e n ri pe t he c a ps ule b u rsts a nd th e seeds are carr i ed a way

, ,
”
by t h e w i n d Th e leaves are used i n decoc t i o n as a was h
.

f o r fo u l sores a nd t o pro m ote th e grow th o f th e ha i r a nd to

,

restore i ts c ol or The w ood a n d bar k a re used as a n as t ri nge n t

.

a nd ver m icide i n u lcers i n fal l i n g o f t h e h a ir a nd are ad m i n

, , ,

i s tere d i n th e del ir i u m of t yp h oid fe v er Th e flowers are .

co ns idered t o be a good re m ed y for ski n d iseases o f s w i n e a nd ,

i f fed to t h ese a ni mals w il l fatte n t h e m th ree fold T h ey a re - .

 VEGE T A B L E K I N GDOM .
31 3

also g i ve n to t h ose who are s uff er i ng fro m h al l u c i n a t i o ns w h ic h ,

w o u l d i n d icate th a t t h e fa t te n i n g o f th e pi gs co u ld n ot be a
h al l uc i n a t i o n

P E D IC U L A R I S R E S U PI N A T A 55 a s ( M a h sie n .
-

h ao ) ; properly E 95 fig ( M a s h i h h ao ) beca u se t h e herba ge - -

,

h as th e odor o f h orse ex cre m e n t I t bears a redd ish t i n ted .

,

w h i te fl ow er T h e h erbage is ga th ered i n th e seco n d a nd

.

ei gh th m oo ns a n d d ried for m ed ic i ne I t is u sed i n fevers .

,

rh e u m atis m l e u corrh oea steril i ty u ri n ary d i ffi c ul ties a nd i n

, , , ,

d e coc ti o n as a w ash to fo u l sores T h is p l a n t i s co n fo u nded .

w i th A r l e mi s i a j ap on i ca a nd [ n m r v i l l aa s i i zei zs i s .

P E D I CU L A R I S S C E P T R U M C A R O LI N U M .

( L i n hao
-
) $2
1 (
,
O h ao ) T h i-
s i s a J a pa n ese
. i de n ti fi catio n ,

a n d s o m ew ha t u n c erta i n as to t h e C h i nese pl a n t I t grow s i n .

s wa m py pl aces a nd c a n be ea te n ra w or cooked I t i s fra gra n t

,
. .

I ts propert ies are c o nsidered to be resol v e n t a n d car m i n at i v e .

P E R ILL A O C I M O I D E S 1 41 7 Li —fsf"; a ( Tz u s u) -
,
.

S h i h C h en dis ti n gu ish es t w o varieties o f th i s pl a n t th e p u rpl e

-
,

a nd t h e w h i te é] fi ( Pa i s u) accord i n g to t h e col or o f th e
,
-
,
'

l eaves .T h e y o u ng l eaves are eate n as a v e ge ta bl e also ,

p i ck led w i th pl u m s They are u sed to prepare a fra gra n t

.

be v erage .The seeds 1 2 0 2 gro w i n Caps u les a nd are abo u t

, , ,

as large as m u stard seeds a n d a n o i l is ex pressed fro m t h e m

,

c al led fi 3 iii] ( S u tz u yu )
3 -
T h e seeds are a lso fed t o d u ck s
-
.

u n de r t h e n a m e o f ii T }; ( K u e i j é n ) Th e stal k a nd t h e leaves
o -
.
,

1 203 ,
are u sed for dri v i n g aw ay colds as a s to m ac h i c a nd ,

to n i c i n c h olera a nd to be n e fi t t h e a l i m e n ta 1 y ca n al
, ,
Th ey .

are c o n sidered to be d i aph oreti c a n d pec toral a nd a n t id o tal t o ,

fi s h a n d flesh poiso n T h e seeds h a ve si m i lar properties a nd

.

u ses a n d are a lso th o u gh t to be h i gh l y n u tri ti o u s

,
T h e y are .

also prescri bed i n r h e u m atis m se m i nal l osses as t h ma a nd , , ,

obsti n ate co u gh s .

P E R SE A N A N M U — ififi ( N a n ) The ch arac t er is m ore

. .

co mm o n l y wri tte n HI} Th is is a large t ree fo u nd i n t h e

.

provi nc e o f Szec h u a n a nd fur n is hes t h e h i gh l y estee m ed

,

n a n m u , a to ugh wood wh i ch d oes n o t eas i l y rot a nd w h ic h ,

31 4 CH INE S E M A TE RI A M E D I C A .

for th is reaso n i s muc h used for b ui ldi ngs a nd fur ni t ure Th e .

tree h as reddis h y el lo w flow ers a nd a fr u i t rese m bl i ng cloves

-
, ,

g ree n i n color b ut w h ic h i s n o t ed i bl e , Th e tree grows to th e .

h ei gh t of more th a n a h u ndred feet a nd th e w ood is red i n ,

col or i n t h e bes t v arieties Th e w h i te w ood is m ore brittl e .

t h a n t h e red T h e root is cal led fi 119 a

.
s; ( T o u pai n a n) a nd a ‘ - -
,

is used for m aki ng ute n sils Th e t wi gs o f t h e tree are u sed i n .

decocti o n for t h e t re at me n t of ch ol erai c d i ffi c u l ties a n d as a ,

fo m e nt at i o n i n spra i ns a n d sw e l l i n gs T he bark i s si m i larl y .

used as w el l as i n i n fa n t s t h at v o m i t u p th eir m i lk
, .

PE U C E DA N U M D E C U R SI V U M .
—m { 5 ( T u - h uo
),
1 6
3 4 .Fabe r also gi v es 51; fig ( C h i e n h u) b u t th is is A ng el i ca “ ‘ -
,

n ese na m e is deri ved fro m th e

r ef r a cta
( w h i c h see ) Th e C h i .

bel ie f th at t h e pla n t is n o t m oved by th e w i nd b u t th a t i t is ,

sel f m o v i n g w h e n t h ere is n o w i nd
- F or th is reaso n i t is .

also cal led { a E g (Tu y a o A n ot h er n a m e is {a -

C h i a n g h uo ) 8 1 b u t th i s is said to i n d icate a n oth er species

(
‘ -
, ,

or variety A s t h i s l atter n a m e i nd icates t h e pla n t is fo u nd

.
,

i n T h i bet K ok o n or K a n s u a n d n o w i n Szec h u a n th a t fro m

, , ,

t h e la t te r place bei ng m ore d is t i nc tivel y k n ow n as Ti l IZ H O -

.

Th ere is a di ff ere n ce i n th e a ppeara n ce o f th e dr u g bet wee n

t h ese t wo k i n ds t h e Ti l li n o co mi n g i n l o n g t w isted pie ces
,
-
, ,

dee pl y marked bo t h l e n gt h w ise a nd crossw ise w i th ri bs or stri ae ,

w i th porti o ns o f th e cro w n i n g lea ves o f t h e root stock so m et i m es -

stil l at t ac h ed Th e ex t eri or s u rface i s o f a dark or y el lo w is h

.

brow n col or a nd th e i n teri or is ope n i n tex t u re a nd i s o f a

,

d irty w h i te
- T h e C/ z ia n
.
g lzu o is m u ch d ar k er i n c olor a nd is
‘ -
,

m arked o ff i nto s h or t i n ter nod es o f n earl y t h re e q u arters o f a n

i nch i n le n gth by ri ngs or rid ges of ti ss u e wh i c h i n d i ca t e
,

oi ts Th i s i s less ap pare nt i n so m e sa m pl es w h i ch
j n . a re ,

probably m i xed T h e i nteri or y el l ow w ood y tiss ue i s very

.
, ,

bri ttle a nd l oosel y arra nged i n wed ge sh a ped m asses a t h i ck

,
-
,

n ess o f red cortical fi bers i n terve n i n g be t w ee n th e vasc ula r

b u ndl es a nd th e epider m is B oth dr u gs are si m ilarl y prescri bed .

as st i m ula n t arth ri tic a n tispas m od i c a nd der ivati ve re m ed i es

, , ,
.

Th ey are ad m i n istered i n catarrh col ds r h e u ma tis m a popl exy , , , ,

leprosy post part um d i ffi c ul ti es d ropsy o f preg n a n c y a nd oth er

,
-
,

dropsies a nd i n h eadac h e
,
.
3 6 1 I
CH N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

u sed a nd i s h i g h l y estee med as a po ul t ice i n boi ls a nd abscesses

,
.

I t is also regarde d as a n a n t i v i no us re m ed y Th e te g m e n .
,

8 al o ne is co nsidered as a n a n t i febril e a n d i s u sed i n opa c i ty

7 1 , ,

o f th e c or n e a Th e pods are u sed i n obsti n ate d yse n tery t h e

.
,

fl ow ers to c o u n terac t t h e e ff ects o f w i n e th e spro u ts are c o n ,

s i d ere d to be c o u n te r v i n o us a n d a n ti febr i l e a n d t h e lea ves are ,

s t eepe d i n v i n egar a nd u sed i n c h olera .

P H A S E O LU S RA D I A T US — 3j§
féfi ( C h i h h sia o to u) .
‘ ‘ - -
,

1 41 ,fig: fi ( H u ng to n ) T h e l ea ves are c al led é ( H u o)

-
. On .

acco u n t o f th e se c o n d n a m e th e C h i nese so m eti m es co n fo u n d ,

’

A br u s p r eca zfor zn s w i th t h i s a n d Tatari n ov a n d oth e r w ester n

,

bota n i sts h ave fall e n i n to t h e sa m e error Th is bea n is largel y .

c u l ti va t ed n orth o f th e Y a n gtse T h e pl a n t i n i ts ch aracte r .

,

a nd
g row t h is very ,
s i m i lar t o P /
za s eo l n s m a ng o o f w h ic h i t i s ,

so m eti m es c o n sid ered to be a v ari ety I t i s c o n sidered t o be .

good food for d o n keys b u t is t oo h eav y a nd h eati n g fo r ,

m a nk i nd M ed ic i n al l y i t d ri ves a w ay dropsy a n d scatters

.
,

carci n o m ato u s a n d p u r u l e n t swell i n gs O th er w ise i t s proper .

,

t ies are s i m i lar to t h ose o f P iza s eol n s m u ng o a n d i t i s pres c ribed ,

i n e ve n a l arger n u m ber o f si m i lar d i ffi c u l ties th a n i s th is l atter .

Th reate n ed aborti o n m e n str u a ti o n d ur i n g preg na n cy d iffi

, ,

c u l t l abor re ta i n ed place n ta post part u m tro ubl es a n d no n

, ,
-
,

sec reti o n o f m i l k co n sti t u te a series o f obste tri c a l d i ffi c ul ties for

w h ic h i ts use i s rec o m m e n ded T h e l eaves are reco mm e nded .

i n fever a nd u ri n ar y d i ffi c u l ti es a n d th e spro u ts i n th re a te n ed ,

aborti o n w h e t h er fro m a n aborti ve te n de nc y o r fro m i nj u ry

P H E LL O D E N D RO N A M U RE N S E — B§ 7 k ( P o m u ) .
A
-
,

fi gs ( H ua ng
p ) Th i s las t i s also w ro gl y w ri tte fif ég
“

o -
. n n

H u a n g p o) fl
( -
5 1 8 ,L o u rei ro ca. ll s t h is P t e p
r oca r u s an/us ,

a n d Faber cal ls i t P te r oca r n s zn d zcn s H e nry h as sh ow n

' ’

p B u t .

t h e id e n t i fi cati o n a t th e h ead of th i s ar ti cl e t o be t h e c orrec t

T h e roo t i s sai d t o be c al led E ( T h a ) a nd i t is
‘
o ne . a n u n -
,

c ov ered w i t h n od u l ar m asses rese m bl i n g P a cfzy nza 50 503 w h i ch ,

are probabl y fu n go id Th e t ree grows t o th e h e i gh t of t h ir t y

.

or f or ty feet h a vi n g a w h i tish o u ter bark a n d a n i n n er y el l o w

,

o ne . T h e l a tter is u sed i n dyei n g si l k y ell o w as w el l as i n ,

med ici ne T h e d r ug as i t appears i n th e m ar k et i s i n sq uare

.
, ,
 V EG E T A B L E K I N GDOM .
3 7 1

or recta ngul ar pieces f ro m t h ree t o fi v e i n ch es l o n ro ugh o n

,
g
g ,

th e o u ter s ur face a n d s m o oth o r stria ted l o n gi t ud i nal l y o n

, , ,

t h e i n n er s ur face Th e i n teri or i s o f a deep y ell o w col or a nd

. .

th e t aste i s v ery bi t ter I t vari es a good deal i n t h i ck n ess

.
,

t h at fro m H u pe h prov i nce bei n g t h e t h i n nest I t i s reg a rded .

as to n i c d i u re ti c al t erat i ve a ph rod isia c a nd a n ti rh e um ati c

, , , ,
.

I t is prescri be d i n j a u nd i ce h e m orr h oid s fl uxes m e n str ual , , ,

d i ffi c ul ties ch a n cre sex ual i n co m pe t e n ce i n test i n al w or m s

, , , ,

n ose bl eed d ys uri a a n d fav us

,
Th i s l i s t o nl y i n cl udes ty pes
,
.

o f d i ffi c ul ties f or w h i c h i t i s prescri bed To see th e co m pl ete .

l ist as g iv e n i n t h e C h i n ese books o ne w o u l d be led to th i n k ,

th a t i t was a u n i v ersal pa n acea T h e roo t is sai d t o be t ake n .

for m ed i c i n a l uses o n l y w h e n o n e h u n dred y ears old Th e .

th era pe u ti c v i rt ues ascri bed t o i t see m t o d epe n d u po n so m e

m ysteri o u s power c o nn ected w i th age a n d geo m a n t i c a spe c t .

I t i s sai d t o reli eve t h e h u n d red d iseases of th e h ear t a n d

abd o m e n t o q u i et th e so u l t o re l ieve h u n ge r a n d th i rst a n d i f
, , ,

t ak e n for a l o ng t i m e t o p rol o ng l i fe a nd per m ea te th e sp iri t .

P H O TI N I A G L A B R A —fi§ fig 335 ( Ts . T h is ‘
u- l i n

eve rgree n tre e w i t h i t s l u x uria n t fol ia ge is sai d t o gro w o n

, ,

t h e h i lls o f Szec h ua n I t be ars w h i t e flow ers i n earl y s u m m er

.
—

a n d i n t h e w i n ter beco m es c ove red w i t h b u n c h es o f red be rries ,

m u c h rese m bl i n g c h err ies i n a ppeara n ce Th ese are d ried i n th e .

sh ade o r are p i ck led b y t h e n ati ves f or food

,
T h e l eaves a re .

so u r i n tas t e a nd are pi ck led a nd ea te n w i t h fi sh

, T h e fr u i ts .

are reco mm e n ded i n obsti n ate d yse n tery p iles i n tes ti n a l w or ms , , ,

a n d j a u n d ice T he p ic k l ed f r u i ts are sa i d to be a ppe ti z i n g a n d

.

pepti c b ut i f tak e n i n ex cess w i l l m ak e t h e m o u th a nd to n g ue

,

ro ugh a nd crac k ope n .

P H RAG M IT E S COM MUNIS ( W ei

) 5 —fi ( L u ) i , ,
“

n ow n as A r n n a o p h r ag m ztes a n d P /
)
'

zr a m ztes
’
( C h i a als o k
’

, g
Th e flow ers are cal led E g ( P é ng nu ng ) a nd ‘ -
,

t h e s h oo t iii O f th e n a m es gi ve n a t t h e be g i n n i ng
o f th is articl e th e t h ird is said to i n d i ca t e t h e y o u n g pla n t a n d ,

i s expl ai n ed by g 32 ex cel le n t t h e fi rs t re fers t o th e s t a ge

”
be fore bl oo m i n g a nd i s expl ai n ed by a
, bl ack de no t i ng ,
“
,

i ts col or ; th e seco nd re fers t o th e reed w h e n i t i s f ul l y grow n ,

3 8 1 I
C H N ESE M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

a nd
”
i s ex pl a i ned by stro n g fi ne l ook i n g Th is pla n t n ex t ,
-
.
,

to th e ba m boo i s o ne o f t h e m os t u se ful pla n ts i n C h i n a

, .

I n d eed n or th of t h e Ya ngtse i t i n a large m eas u re tak es t he

,

place occ u pi ed by th e ba m boo i n th e so u th er n prov i nces Th e .

sh oo ts a re eate n l i k e ba m boo sh oots ; th e s tal ks are used f o r

b u i ld i ng t h e h ovels o f t h e poor for w attl ed fe nces for mats , , ,

scree ns a n d bl i n ds a n d as th e pri n ci pal k i tc h e n fuel o f th e

, ,

Ya n gtse u nder wh i c h ci rc u m s ta n ces i t i s k n ow n as E are ( L n

,

ch ai ) ; t h e l arge l o ng l eaves a re u sed as w rappi n gs for th e

‘
,

gl u ti n o us ric e d u m pl i ngs so l ar gel y co n s u m ed a t t h e F i ft h

M oo n Feast a nd th e brok e n l eaves a n d a u t u m nal sweep i ngs
,

are u sed for bedd i n g ; a nd l astl y th ese leaves a n d tops w h e n , ,

boiled i n wa t er a nd th e w ater a fter w ards e va porated y iel d a ,

d ark g l uti no us s weet s ubst a n ce u sed as a s ubsti t u te fo r s ugar

, , , .

Th e w h ol e pl a n t is used as fod der fo r ca ttle a nd th e stal k , ,

roots leaves t ops old h o use a nd fe nce w at t l es brok e n scree ns

, , , ,

a nd bl i n ds a n d th e rak i n s o f th e reed fi elds a n d ca ttl e y ards

, g ,

a re al l added t o th e p i le o f k i tc h e n fuel Th e port i o n o f th e .

root grow i n g i n t h e m ud i s also i n ti m es o f sca rc i ty used as

food th at a bove th e g ro u nd bei n g bi tter a n d u n pala table Th e .

pla n t gro ws i n r i ve r val leys a t flood wa ter a nd i n m arsh es It , .

i s al m os t t h e o n l y t h i n g o ne sees sa i l i n g u p th e l ower Y a n gtse

i n A ug u st M ed i ci n al l y t h e root 7 6 8 i s regarded as cool i n g
.
, , ,

a nd d i u re ti c I t is ad m i n istered i n n a u sea a nd v o m i ti n g
.
,

”
“
i n ter na l fevers i n cl ud i ng ty ph oid fever h ic c o ugh a n d , ,

fl uxes Th e s h oot is sli g h tl y bi tter a n d is c o ns i dered cool i n g

.
,

a n d c o u n ter p oiso n a n d i s h i gh l y reco mm e n d ed for ch olera i c

,

d i ffi c u l ties a nd vari o us k i nds o f fles h a nd m ed i c i nal poiso n s .

Th e stalks a nd l eaves are u sed i n ch olera a n d fet id bro n c h i t i s ,

a n d t h e ash i s appl ied t o fo u l sores u n h eal th y gra n ul ati o ns , ,

.

a n d t h e l ik e Th e use o f th e pla n t w h ic h grows i n t h e w aters

.

of th e Ya ngtse by m arried co u pl es is s u pposed t o co nd u ce to

h ar mo n y i n th eir sex ua l relati o n s Th e flowers a re m ad e i n to .

a stro ng decoc ti o n i n water a nd ad m i n istered as a very e ffi c a ,

ci o ns re med y i n c h ole ra fi sh a nd sh ri m p poiso n i n g a nd t h e

, ,

as h es are used for c h eck i ng h e m orrh a ge .

P H Y LL A N T H US U R I N AR I A .
fife g ( Ch en -
ch u

ts ao ) Ly s znza c/ / m
’ '

See
’
‘
also
'

, 37 . zza e l eu t zer ozd es , S pond za s a nza .

3 20 C H N ESE I M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

w h a t par t is n o t m e nt i o ned ) is reco mme n de d i n wasti n g a nd ,

is sa id to be ne fi t t h e m ale pr i nc i ple a nd to ac t as a t o nic to th e

l oi ns a nd l e gs .

P I LE A 7k 335 ( S h u i y i ng)
.
-
T h ere i s n o t m u c h d esc ri p
-
.

ti o n of th is pl a n t a n d i t is co n fo u n ded w i th l a n t/
, f
zc s t ol o n z c r a .

I t grows i n S zec h ua n a n d i s t h ere u sed for th e treat m e n t of t h e

,

for m o f rh e uma t is m k no w n as s 51 ( K u feng ) v -

.

PI LL S —Th is i s a fa v ori te m e th od o f exh i bi ti n g d r ugs

a m o n g t h e C h i n ese B ut . t h e re m arkable d i ff ere n ce be tw ee n
th e C h i nese a nd w ester n pr a c ti ce i n th e use o f th ese i s th at t h e ,

for mer n ever u se t h i s for m o f pre parat io n fo r th e ex h i bi ti o n o f

cath artics A p il l w i t h t h e C h i n ese u s ual l y m ea ns a to n i c or
.

astr i n ge n t re medy T h e ge n eral ter m for t h ese i s 1L ( Wa n)

.
,

al t h o ugh 51} ( Ta n) n earl y a l ways re fers to a s i m i l ar prepara tio n ,

w h i le 5 ( K ao ) f req u e n tl y refers to a p i l l m ass rath er th a n to a -

,

med ici na l ex tra c t I n regard to th e ch arac te r 5

.
] (
1 T an
) i t re f ers ,

to w h a t is c o nsi de red to be a n e fli ca c i o u s d r u g c o m po u nd ,

u s ual l y e xh i bi ted i n t h e for m o f p i l l o r pi l l m ass a nd al m os t ,

see m s so m eti m es to h a ve bee n m is w ri tte n for 11 ( Wa n) Pill s ,

.

are us u al ly m ade u p wi th h o n ey as a n exci p i e n t b u t i f th ey ,

a re t o be eate n fresh th ey are pre pared w i t h rice flou r or ,

-

w h ea t flou r paste
-
T h ose w h ic h are n o t des i red to d iss ol v e a t
.

o n ce i n th e s to m ac h are u s u al l y m ad e s m al l a nd coated w i t h
w ax . P i l ls are m ade of a l l si zes fro m th a t o f a m i l le t seed t o ,

t h a t o f a pi geo n s e gg a n d are m ost freq u e n tl y no t s wal l ow ed

’
,

w h ole b u t are c h e wed up i n t h e m o u th a n d s wal lowed w i t h

,

so m e approved d ecocti o n w i th s piri ts o r w i th m ea t broth , ,

.

Th is ex pl ai ns w h y pa t ie n ts i n m iss io n h ospi tals are so m e ti m es

see n to c h e w u p t h e s ugar or gel at i n e coa ted p i l ls gi ve n th e m
by th e d ispe ns er S o m e ti m es th e p i l l m ass i s n o t m ade u p
.

i nto pi l ls or b ol uses b u t t h e pati e n t s i m pl y h el ps h i msel f to a

,

piece as l arge as h e l i k es a nd eats i t as h e w o ul d c o n fe c ,

t i o ner y . Th ere is a v ery large n u m ber o f for m u l ae ex ta n t ,

a n d w e gi ve bel o w t h e m os t fa m o us o f t hese .

A ccu m u l a t i on P i l l 7mj -
L ( C h ia o c h i a wa n )
,
A tracty l is - -
.

S i n e n s i s Z a n th oxy l u m Psoralea cory l i fol ia P h e l l ode n dro n a m u

, , ,

re nse fe nne l a nd h o ney T his c a uses wate r to asce nd a nd fi re to

, ,
.
 V E GE T A B L E K I NGDO M .
321

desce nd i n th e body ,
a nd there fore is a good re m edy in al m ost
a n y d i sease

m
.

A n ti - d ys e n tery P i l ls if; fi ii ( C hi l i li hs i a n g l ie n - - -

wa n ) . A ristolo c h i a re c u rv i labr a C opt is teeta a n d h o ney , ,

.

Ap/ zr ocl i s i o c P i l l s ;
7?
9 Ei fl (
l C h i ao k a n t a n ) Cy per u s - -
.

rot u n d u s Pa c h y m a co c os ( th e k i n d th at e n c i rcles th e root ) a n d

, ,

h o ne y . F o r i m pote n c e i n m i ddle a ge a n d to prolo n g v iril i ty ,

i n to o ld age ( fi f t y o n e to e i gh ty ) A n o t h er for m u la is as fol lows :

-
.

At ra c tyl is S i n e ns is Z a n th oxyl um fe n n el a nd paste To n ic

, , ,
.

a nd stre n gthe n i n g to t h e v i ri le po w ers prod uc i n g fert i l i ty ,

.

Ap r i cot g ol d P i l l s ;
-
Q 7 ] ( H s i n g c h i n t a n)
0 T h e for - -
.

m u l a of t his pil l re m i n ds o n e o f th ose o f th e o l d al ch e m ists .

I t is m ad e e n t i rel y o f th e ker nel s o f a pri c ot seeds b u t th ere i s ,

a l o ng process o f preparati o n exte nd i n g to the select i o n d u ri n g ,

the w i n ter o f a tree h av i n g a us p ici o us s u rro u nd i n gs the u s e ,

o f geo m a n ti c i n fl ue n c es th e c o m b i nati o n o f th e var i o us ele

,

me n ts water fi r e earth a nd frost th e col lectio n o f th e

, , , , ,

k er nels gi v i n g pre fere nc e to th ose see d s c o n ta i n i ng d o u bl e

,

k er ne ls the u se o f so u th flo wi n g w a te r fo r th e d igestio n o f th e
,
-

k er nels fol lo wed b y a process o f fer m e n tat i o n d e c oct i o n a n d

, , ,

mi xi n g w i t h th e p u l p o f dates to for m the p i l l m ass I t is sa i d -

.

th at Ch aos ( 75 5 ) took th ese p i lls a nd fo r lo n g ages d i d n ot

d ie H si a c h i ( E fifié) took th e m a n d a tta i ned to the a ge of
.
-
‘

seve n h u nd red y ears a nd a fter wards beca m e a n i m mortal , .

“
T h e peop le o f th e worl d w i l l n o t bel i e ve th i s b ut th e i r ,

”
un belie f is d ue to th ei r u n w i ll i n g n ess to p u r i fy th ei r h earts .

A t r a cty l i s P i l l s ; g ) fi; 71 ( Tsa n g s h u wa n) Th ese co n sis t

,
- -
.

of A tra c ty l i s S i ne n s is a n d black sesa m u m seeds Th e for m er is .

prepared i n a spe c i al m a n n er m i xed w i t h th e latter a n d m ad e ,

i n to pills w ith flo ur paste F o r rh e u m atis m a n d m alari a

-
. .

There i s a n oth er for m ul a i nto th e co m positi o n o f wh i c h ,

A tractyl is S i ne ns is Z a n th oxyl um fe n nel Psoralea cory l i fol i a

, , , ,

a n d I po moea h ederace a e n t er These are said to give stre n gth .

t o t h e eyes i gh t .

A z u r e exce l l e n t P i l l s ; gag 1L ( Ch i n g O w a n) These ‘ - -

- .

are co m posed of Psoralea cory l i fol i a wal n u ts a n d l i c orice a n d , , ,

are rega rded as to ni c reco nstr ucti ve a n d d i u reti c , ,

.

B a r kh a u s i a C l os i ng p a s s ag es P i l l s ; f;f fl fifi é i t ( H u a n g
f “
"

-
, ,

l ie n pi k u a n wa n)
- -
-
B ark h a us i a repe ns pa n gol i n scales Cassi a
.
, ,
 322 CH N E SE I M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

occide n t alis 1 6; Jill é ( T u n g h s u eh h si a n g )

,
‘
- -
,
a nd fl owers o f
S oph ora j apo n i c a Th ese are for th e c u re . of ex c ess i ve d is
charges o f al l ki n ds .

B A P i ll fl 53 3
iL ( Ta l a o é rh wa n ) C ot to n
‘

ea t i n i
g g e s - - -
; ,
.

seeds wal nu t ker nels a n d

, ,
c o ngee paste . S a i d to be preserva
ti ve a n d rej u ve n ati n g .

P l a c/ e a n a W/ i i t e P i ll s ; E El 71, ( H ) V
’
e i pai w a n ol u n teer . .
- -
.

( wil d ) black bea n s a n d wh i te Tri b u l u s terrestr i s Pe pti c a nd .

di gestive .

C a n n a bi s K e r n e l P i ll s ; fig 5 f: 11 ( M a tz li —
73
j é n w an
) ,
- -
.

K er n els of Ca n n ab i s seeds P aeo n i a a l bi flo ra M ag n ol ia h y po , ,

le u ca rh ubarb C i tr us fu sca apri c ot ker n els a n d h o ney

, ,
Used , ,
.

i n c o nsti pat i o n a nd profu se u r i n at i o n .

Cli eclci ng A g i l e P i ll s ; Eli {I}; C h ieh n i o w a n) Th ere

( - -
.

are a n u m ber o f for m u l ae for t h ese th e pr i n c i pal i n gred i e n t i n ,

al l a nd th e o n l y a c ti ve o ne i n so me be i n g O ri xa j apo n i c a
, ,
.

For ag u e i n al l stages .

C i nn a ba r F i r/e Oa or P i l ls ; E 5 5 i ( C h é n sh a wu
’
9 3 i
‘
?
t ,
,
- -

h sia n g wa n) -
Th ese are m ade o f c i nn ab a r fro m C he n ch o u i n
.

H u n a n d rago n s blood ol i ba n u m m yrrh Cory d al i s a m big ua

,
’
, , , ,

H u ach o u ora n ge flowers a nd h o n ey T hey are c ar m i nat i ve ,

.
,

a nti spas m od i c a n d a n ti e m e ti c
-
,
-
.

C i t r u s A t r a cty l i s P i l l s ; i f j fi 1L ( Ch i h s h u w a n )
- Ci tr us »
- -
.

fu sca A trac tyl is ovata Ptero c arp us i nd i c u s a nd h o n ey

, , ,
.

Pepti c a n d d i gest i ve .

Con t r ol l i ng S a li v a P i l l s ; j g ? 5} (
1 K u ng h sie n t a n)
m ‘ - -
.

E u ph orb i a pek i n e nsis E u ph orb i a s i e bold i a n a w h i te m ustard , ,

seed g i nger j u i ce a n d paste

,
Th ese c h e ck ph leg m a nd
,
.

sali v ati o n a n d rel i eve rh e u m at i c a n d s c iat i c pa i n s

m
.
,

a tz fi
Cotton S e ea P i ll s ; T 1L( M i e h Cot
’
E n u - -

t o n seed E uc o m m ia u l m oides g i n ger j u ice Ly c i u m si ne nse

, , ,

C usc u ta c hi n e n sis a n d h o ney To n i c a n d c o nstr uc ti ve

,
. .

Cu tt i ng a way P i ll s ; ij q at R ( K a n l i wa n ) A tra c tyl is

-
‘ - -
.

ovata Z a n th ox y l u m Psoral ea c ory li fol i a S c hiz a nd ra S i n e nsis

, , , ,

Co n iosel i n u m u n i vi ttat u m P tero c arp us i n d i c u s a nd h o ne y

‘

, ,
.

Co n si dered to be pepti c d i gesti v e a nd a n tir h e u m a t i c , ,

.

D a te a n d Gi n s e ng P i ll s ; £5 1L (Tsao sh é n wa n) - -
.

Th ese are m ade o f large so u th er n dates a n d gi nse n g They .

are stre ngt h e ni n g to th e respira t ory orga ns .

3 24 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

F i rst Q u a li t
P P i l ; j : j fi 1L ( Sh a g ch
‘f i n g w a n)
‘
y a r e l s n - -
.

Sooch o w pepper m i n t , w h i te borax bla c k pl u m s , , F ri til laria

r o yl i i , Ter m i n al ia c h eb ul a ,
m i xed w it h h o n ey ,
fo r th e treat
ment sy ph i l i s
of .

F i v e Ti ger P i l l s ; fi if fl ( Wu h u ta n) A c o n ite g i nger .

- -
.
,

j u i ce ,w i l d sesa m u m seeds drago n s bl ood flowe rs o f s ul ph u r ,

’
, ,

a n d s c al y a n t eater sk i n F o r w o u nds boils a n d colds .

, , .

F ou r E ss en ces P i l ls ; [11] $5 ( S s ii ch i ng wa n) Urea - -

.
,

Pa c h y m a co c os E u ryal e ferox a n d lot us root

,
A naph rod isiac , .
,

a n d u sed i n poly u ria a n d sper m ato rrh oea .

F ou r p r eci ou s G r ea t sp i r i t P i ll s ; [E g j q fit? 30} ( S s u pao

- - -

t a sh én ta n)
- V ol u n teer ( w i ld ) bea n s bo i led i n t he ba th wa ter
-
.

fro m a p u bl i c bath h o u se ( fl A stra gal us h oa n gtc h y

cooked i n w o m a n s m i lk C ry pto tae n ia ca n ade nsis washed i n
’
,

sp i r i ts a n d R osa l aev i gata soak ed i n ch i l d s ur i ne

,
Th ese are ’
.

sai d to be to n i c a n d t o o n e w h o is abl e to s wal l ow t h e m th ey

,

s h o u l d prove to be s o .

F ou r Sp i r i t P i l l s ; as] in}! j q ( S s ii s h é n wa n) Lyci um j

- -
.

si n e n se spi r i ts Z a n th oxyl u m fe n n el seed sesa m u m seed

, , , , ,

M el i a azed ara c h R eh m a n n i a gl u t i n osa A tra c ty l i s ovata

, , ,

Pach y m a c ocos a nd h o ney ,

For k id ney a nd ey e tro u bl es as .
,

a to n i c
m
.

G a s tr oa i a P i ll s ; 35 ; R ( T i e n m a wa n ) G astrodia
’ ‘
- -
.

el ata C o n i osel i n u m u n i v i ttat u m a nd h o n ey

,
To n i c a nd c o n ,
.

str ucti ve .

H elp i ng tb e Yi n B r i ng i ng ba ck t/
a nd i e S ou l P i l l s ;

fg jg fi fl (
r i C h i y i n - -
fa n - h u n ta n) Th ese are m ade o f th e w h ol e
-
.

pl a n t o f Leo n u r us si bir i c a dried powdered a n d m ixed w i th , , ,

h o n ey T h ey are sa i d t o h ave preserved the l i ves o f m a n y a nd

.
,

are spe c i al ly re c o mm e nded i n t h e d i fli c ul t i es o f preg n a n c y a nd

of th e p uerperal state .

H u n d r e d F e l i ci ti es P i ll ; E fn
i E ( P a i h sia n g k ao) Th ese
"

- -
.

are s i m pl y th e red spro u ted E u ph orb i a l a s i o c a ul a th oro ugh l y ,

c ooked i n star c h w ater a nd m ade i n t o a p i l l m ass o r rol led

, ,

i n to pills th e s i ze o f m i l let grai n s Th ey are u sed i n c o u gh s .

,

n a u sea a n d s m al lpox o f a n i rreg u lar type

,
.

H yp ox i s P i lls ; 111] 3 ( H sie n m ao w a n ) H ypoxis - -

.

a u rea gl u ti n o us r i c e A tra c ty l i s S i n e n sis Ly ci u m si ne nse

, , , ,

P la ntago m aj or Pach y ma c ocos fe n n el k er n els o f T h uj a

, , ,
 V EGE T AB L E K I NG D OM .
3 25

orie ntal is R e h ma nn i a gl u t i n osa sp i ri ts a nd pas t e

,
T h ese are , ,
.

a to ni c re c o n str u cti ve a nd ap h rodisiac re m ed y

, ,
.

j a d e l oc k P-
i l l s ; 3 £35 5} ( V ii s o ta n )
1 Th e j oi n ts of l ot us - - .

root sta m e n s o f th e lot u s flower l ot u s arrow root E u ryal e

, , ,

ferox D i os c orea q u i nq ue lo ba both k i n ds of Pa c h y m a cocos

, , ,

R osa l aeviga ta a n d flo u r ,
T h is a fa m o us prescr i ptio n for .

se m i na l l osses a nd go norrh oea I t i s a ph rod isi ac a nd stre ngth .

c u i n g to v i r i li ty .

L ong life P i ll s ; i ? 75 1L ( Li ng c h i h wa n )
-
A t ra c tyl is - -
.

S i n e n s i s m ade i n to a p i l l m ass w i t h date p u l p Th ese gi v e .

v irili ty a n d stre n gt h .

L a ng ton i c P i ll s ; ifi {W e i—
-
( P u f w an
) Th ese co n sist of -
.

apri c ot k er n els soaked i n c h i ld s u r i n e i n s u m m er seve n d ay s

’
,

i n wi n ter twe n ty seve n days a nd th e n decoc ted u n ti l soft T h e y

-
,
.

are u sed fo r c o u ghs .

M a n r ed P i l l s ; A fig: 11 ( J é n h u ng wa n)
-
T ha t w h ich i s ,
- -
.

cal led A fig ma n d rago n ”

,
“
w h i c h is n oth i n g m ore n o r less ,

t ha n a tape wor m i s wash ed i n ch i ld s u ri n e p u l veri zed a nd

-
,
’
, ,

m ixed w i th red dates rad i s h seeds R e h m a n n i a gl u t i n osa , , ,

l ot us arro wroot a nd M el i a azedarac h , T h ese are used for .

m aras m us i n c h i ld re n .

M ag n ol i a D ecoct i on P i ll s ; g j i b fig : 11 ( H o u p u c h ie n ,
- -

wa n) . D ecoc t t h e bark o f M a g n ol i a h y pol e u ca w i th gi n ger

a n d l icorice to dry n ess M i x th e extra c t w i t h dates a n d m ak e
.

i n to pil ls Th ese are car m i n a ti ve sto ma c h i c a n d astri nge n t

.
, ,
.

M oi s ten i ng tb e P a s sag es P i lls ; jg T 71 ( J u n h sia wa n) ,

- -
.

R i pe ora nge peel l icori ce a n d h o n ey ,

Th ey d issol ve ph l e gm
,
.

a n d cool fe ve r .

M os t Vi r t u o u s P i ll s ; i 2 11} ( C h i h sh eng ta n) For mer - -

.

l y croto n bea n s were used u n der t h is t i tle b ut th ey w ere fo un d ,

’
to be t o o d rastic espec i al ly i n cases i n w h i c h th e patie n t s
,

p hysical stre n gth w as v ery m u ch red uced Lat terly t h e seeds .

,

of S oph ora k ro ne i h ave bee n s ubsti t u ted a nd are co n sidered to ,

be eq u a ll y e ffi c aci o us a nd l ess d a n gero u s Th ey are u sed i n .

ch ro n i c dyse n tery a n d ch ro n ic i n testi n a l d isch arges of al l k i n ds .

D i u re tic properties a re also ascri bed to t h e m .

My r i a d D i s ea ses P i l l s ; E fi fl ( Wa n pi n g wa n) O ne ,
- -
.

h as he ard of n ostr ums re garded as pa n aceas for a l l i l ls a nd ,

h ere we h a v e one of t h ese I t i s co mposed of t h e k er nels o f .

 3 26 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

apri c ot seeds bo iled i n c h i ld s u ri ne u nt i l soft m ixed w i t h ’

,

h o n e v a n d a ga i n stea m ed i n c h i ld s u r i n e u n t i l o f a p i ll m a s s
,
’
.

Th i s m a y be ea te n a d l i bi tn nz by t h ose s u ff eri ng fro m a n y

d i sease .

l/ r ia d H a r m on i es P i ll g [ Q 3} ( Wa n y i n g ta n )
’
'
1
j r s ; - -
.

H u m a n u ri n e sed i me n t sp i r i t lea ve n w h i te gra pes w i t hered , , ,

carro t root l i g n al oes a nd h o n ey

, Used f o r j a u n d ice a n d al l
,
.

bil li o ns di ffi c u l t i es .

N i n e D r ag o n s P i l l s ; 31 35fl ( C h i u l u n g t a n) Ly c i u m - -
.

s i n e nse R osa l aev i ga ta flesh O f Crat aeg u s fr u i ts sto n e l ot u s

, , , ,

l ot us sta m e n s R e h m a n n i a gl u t i n os a E u ryale ferox P a c h y m a

, , ,

co c os C ry ptot ae n i a c a n ade nsis a n d h o ne y

,
F or th e trea t m e n t , .

o f ve n ereal d iseases a n d as a n a n a ph rod is i a c .

[ Vi n e F a i r i es L if e s a v i ng P i l l s ; 11 ll” fi fih fl-

( Ch i u ,
g ’

h s ie n t a o m i ng ta n )
-
‘ -
C i n n abar fl ow ers o f s u l ph u r ol i ba n u m
-
.
, , ,

m yrrh B a ro o s c a m ph or d ra go n s bl ood s u l phate O f c opper

, ,
’
, ,

c opperas m u sk b u r n t al u m bear s gall y el low l ead c e n ti

, , ,
’
, ,

pedes ear th w or m s s i l k w or m s pl u m flowers c o w bezoar

, , , , ,

t oad sp i ttle w h i te j ade d u st borax tree gr u bs a n d s n a i ls

, , , ,
.

For th e trea t m e n t o f al l sorts o f i n fec ted sores a n d bo i ls .

On e G r a i n of G ol d P i l l s ; ifj é f} ( I l i ch i n ta n) - - -
.

T hese are m ade O f Op i u m a n d gl u ti n o u s r i ce a n d are fo r th e ,

rel i e f O f pai n a n d f o r t he p u rpose O f check i n g d i s c h arges .

Th ey are take n w it h a var i ety o f teas a n d c o n gees fo r var i o us

p u rposes .

”E , 11 ( I p i n wa n) C y per us rot u n d u s
C
On e S or t P i l l s ; ,
- ‘ -
.

i s bo i led d ried powd ered m ixed w i th h o n ey a nd m ad e i n to

, , ,

p i l ls. F o r th e trea t m e n t o f h e m i c ra n i a a n d oth e r h eada c h es .

P e n et r a ti ng bo n es P i l ls ; 32 3 g 7} (
l T 0 u k u ta n
) A zal ea
‘
- 0 - -
.

S i n e n s is d i st i l led sp i r i t c h i l d s u r i n e ol i ba n u m m y rrh musk

, ,
’
, , , ,

a n d d rago n s blood B rok e n bo nes rh e u m a t i c pa i n s d i seases

’
.
, ,

o f bo n es a nd th e l i k e
,
are treated w i t h th i s re m ed y ,
.

P epp e r r ed P i ll s ; 1mfig: 11 ( C h i ao h u n g wa n )
-
Z a n t h o xy ,
- -
.

l u m pods a nd R eh m a n n i a gl u t i n osa I nj u ries t o t h e vis c era .

,

e yes a nd ears a re treated w i t h th ese

,
Th e y e n a bl e o n e to .

d o w i th o u t sleep a n d s t i l l preserve h is h eal th a n d stre n gth

,
.

P/ i sa lis a l/
y ae /
ce n i P i l l s ;
g g 11 (
gig dfi fi S u a n c h i a n g sh i h
,
- -

n) . Fr u i ts o f Physal is al k eke ng i O f A m ara n t u s bl i t u m , ,

V al er i a n a v i ll osa w h i te e l m bark B up l u re u m fal c at u m

, , ,
328 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

c u pfu l a nd pil l s m ade o f th e lees by add i ng w al nut k e r nel s

, ,

l arge bl a c k dates a n d d ried pers i m m o n s F or col d s se m i n al

,
.
,

l osses go n orr h oea d i ffi c ul t labor a n d fa i l ure of s m al l pox

, , ,

er uptio n to ap pear .

P s or a lea P i l ls ; ifi BE 11 ( P u k u ch i h w a n) Psoralea ,
- - -
.

c ory l i fol ia d odd e r see d s wal n u t m e a ts ol i ba n um m y rrh l ig n

, , , , ,

al oes a n d h o ney
,
To n i c a n d h eal i n g to wo u nds a nd i nj u ries
.
, .

P u rp l e C l a va r i a P i l l s ; 32 ( z u c h i h wa n) P u rple
T - -
.

C l avari a D i os c ore a q u i nq ue lo b a A co n i t u m fi sc h er i k er n el s o f
, , ,

Th uj a orie n tal is Pol y g al a rei n i i Pac h y m a co c os C i tr us fu sca

, , , ,

R e h m a n n i a g l u t i n osa O ph i opogo n s p ic a t us S c hi z a n d ra ch i
, ,

me n s is P i n el i a t u beri fera
,
A c o n i t u m v a r i ega t u m P aeo n i a , ,

m o u ta n gi nse n g Poly gal a sib i rica fr u i ts of Pol y go n u m

, , ,

h v d r o p i p e r A l i s m a pl a n tago
,
k er nels o f m e lo n seed s a n d , ,

h o ne v Th is re m ark abl e a rray o f d r u gs a l l o f w h i ch th e

.
,

C h i nese regard as bei n g to n ic a n d espe c iall y si n ce t h e pl a n t ,

o f fel ic ity is i n cl u d ed as t he pri n c i pal i n gred ie n t c a n o n l v be ,

regarded as a m ost w o nderfu l to n i c a n d reco nstr uc t i ve re m ed y

i n al l wasti n g d iseases .

”
P u rp l e g old cr eep er P i l l s ; 42: If fig fl Tz u c h i n t eng
( - - ‘
- -
,

wa n ) .
T he pri n ci pal i n gred ie n t i n t h is p i l l i s th e bark of a n
”
u n k n ow n creeper c al led s f; Q
“
? a nd 1 H g T h e oth ers ’

B 1] .

a re Pol y gal a rei n ii B oy m i a r u ta c a r pa gala n ga l root c i n n a

, , ,

m o n sal t a n d paste
, ,
I ts v i rt u es are h igh l y ex tol l ed as a
.

”
s t re ngth e n i n g re m edy i n col d u ter us m e nstr u a l d i ffi c u l t i es “
, ,

a nd d e fi c ie n cy i n the v i tal a n d v iri le el e m e n ts .

P u rp l e g o l d P i ll M a s s ; 1 2 a”
; fig ( Tz u ch i n ti n g) V er
- - -
.

m i lio n E u ph orbia la s i o c a ul a Sagi ttari a sagi tt i fol ia f

,
5
$3 , ,
‘

pow dered oyster shel l Paris pol y ph y l l a pearls a m ber flowers , , , ,

of s u l ph u r B a ro os ca m ph or bes t q u al i ty I nd ia i nk pl u m
, , ,

fl ower sta me ns ox gal l m usk a nd ri ce flo u r paste

, ,
Th is p i l l ,
.

i s fo r t u berc ul os is a nd t u ber c u l o u s l ik e sores .

R ed u ci ng t/ ie Ya ng P i lls ; lg, fl ( Sh ao ya n g t an
) - -
.

A tracty l i s ovata Ly ci u m ch i n e n se m u l berries a nd h o n ey

, , ,
.

Take n accordi ng to di rectio ns for o n e y ear grey hai r or ,

w h iskers w i ll t u r n black a n d i f t ake n for th ree years t h e ,

co u n te n a n ce w i l l beco m e r u bi c u nd l ik e th at of a y o u t h .

P r e ve n ti ng E p i d e mi cs P i ll s ; fl E: j } ( P i wé n ta n ) R ed - -
.

dates A r t e m is ia capi l laris r h u barb a nd be nzoi n Th is is

, , ,
.
 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDOM . 2
3 9

bea t e n i nt o a pil l mass or co n fe c t i o n ,

a nd eate n w h e n epid e m
i cs t h rea te n .

R eli ev i ng th e Cen ter s P i l l s ; fi P 11, ( K na n ch u n g wa n)

‘
“ - -
.

O ra nge peel A trac tyl is o v ata sp i r i ts a nd pas te War m i ng

, , ,
.

a n d car m i n ati v e .

R etu r n i ng Yon tli P i l l s 15 1; P H ( H ua n s h ao t a n) ,

Pla n - -
.

t a go m aj or a nd Cyper u s rot u n d u s prepared by a co m pl i ca ted ,

pro c ess d escri bed i n th e P é n ts a o M arvel o us propert i es are .

ascribed to th ese I f t h e a ged ( 8 0 y ears ) u se t he m th e h a i r

.
,

a n d w h iskers w il l aga i n t u r n bla c k a n d t he tee th i f the y h ave , ,

f al l e n o u t w il l be re n e wed
,
I f th e y o u n g use th e m the ir .
,

stre n gt h a nd vir i li ty w i l l be preserved to o ld age .

R/ zi n oce r os P i ll s ;
4:
E 1 1 ( N i u hs i wa n) C o n i osel i n um ,
- -
.

u n iv i ttat um soak ed i n m i l le t c o n gee for t w o days d ried , ,

powdered a nd m ixed wi th th e bra i n of th e m usk o x a n d

,
-

r h i n oceros ski n a nd bo i led i n h o n ey to t h e c o n s iste nce to

,

m ak e p i lls These are co ns idered to be dep u ra ti ve a nd

.

d igest i ve .

R i ce C r u s t P i l l s ; fifi é ( K u o c h i ao wa n ) Th e M
r i c e - -
.

t h at is ba ked o n t he pot i n th e process o f cook i n g is cal led

fig é T h i s i s tak e n a nd m i xed w i t h c arda m o m s C h rys a n t h e ,

m u m s th e fles h o f C rat aeg us fr u i ts lot u s seeds c h i c k e n sk i n

, , , ,

s u gar a n d gro u n d r i ce bo i led toge th er a n d m ade i n to ca kes

, , ,
.

T h e y are c o nsidered to be v ery good for c h i ldre n w h o are .

w eak ly o r i l l n o u r i sh ed .

R os e nm l oes P i ll s ;
-
9 i 14 ( S u h o h sia ng wa n) R ose ,
- - -
.

m a l oes be n zoi n A tra c ty l i s ovata C yper us rot u n d us A r is t o l o

, , , ,

ch ia re c u rv i labra sa n dal wood l i g n al oes c l oves m u sk F i c u s

, , , , ,

rel i giosa Ter m i n al ia c heb u la rh i n o c eros h or n B a roos c a m

, , ,

ph or ol i ba n u m a nd h o n ey
,
A n a n tispas m od ic i n a ll n ervo us
,
.

a ff ecti o n s ag u e c h olera a nd obs ti n ate dyse n tery

, , ,
.

S e v e n p r eci ou s H a n d s o m e w li i s é e r s P i ll s ; t g i 53 fl
- - a

m n u m m u l t i flo r u m bla c k bea n s
( C h i pao j
e i a n ta n
) Pol y go
‘ - - - -
.
, ,

Pac h y m a c o c os l i g n aloes w o m a n s m i lk A c h r ya nt h e s b i de n
, ,
’
,

tata C ry ptotae n i a ca n ade ns is Ly c i u m c h i n e n se seeds C u sc uta

, , ,

c h i ne nsis Psoralea c oryl i folia black sesa m u m seeds a nd ho n e y

, , , .

To n i c co nstr u c tive preserv i n g l i fe a nd y o uth fu l n ess w h i c h

, , ,

l ast is m arked by t h e flo ur i s h i n g s tate o f th e h eal th a nd dark

c olor of th e w h i skers a n d h air .
3 30 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

S i eg s beck i a —
D ry a n d r a P i l l s ; $5 N
E] 11, ( H s i t ‘
u n g -
w a n) -
.

These t wo s u bsta n c es are po wdered a n d m i xed w i th h o n ey ,

m ade i n to p i lls a n d u sed for rh e u m at i c a ffe c t i o n s
, .

S k i nznzi a P i l l s ; 3
25
11 ( Y i n ii
y wa n ) Lea ves o f S k i m ,
- -
.

m i a j apo n i c a Coi x l a c h ry m a Pr u n u s j apo n i c a k er n els I po m oea

, , ,

triloba seeds a nd h o n ey , F o r c olds a n d c o n st i p ati o n .

.

S tr e ng tnen i ng tli e Vi ta l i ty P i l l s ; E ig fl K u y u a n t a n
j ( ) - -
.

A tra c ty l i s S i n e n s i s fe n n el sal t Z a n th oxy l u m Psoralea c o ry li

, , , ,

fol ia a c o ni te M el i a azedara c h al c oh ol v i negar paste

, , For , , ,
.

al l sorts of wast i n g d i ffi c u l t i es espe c i a l l y those o f sex ual or i g i n , .

Te n p a r t s P ef y e ct P i l ls ;
-
Q 1L ( Sh i h c h u e n w a n)
‘
-
‘
-
.

M u sk A p l o ta xi s a ur i c u lata drago n s bl ood flowers o f s u l ph u r

, ,
’
, ,

sesa m u m seeds S try c h n os n u x v o m i c a m a ggots ce n t i pedes

, , , ,

a n d h o n ey Th i s i s f o r the c u r i ng o f wo u n ds o f c a n c ero us
.
,

sores a n d as a to n i c
, .

Tli e Ta r t a r G e n er a l R es n nze s tlze B a t t l e P i l ls ; 5 ? E a ,

$3 fl ( C h i a n g c h u n fu c h a n ta n) -
S oak w i ld sesa m um seeds
- - -
.

i n c h ild s u r i n e fo r fo u r t i m es a n d i n d i st i l led sp i r i t for th ree

’

ti m es D ry a nd add ol i ba n u m m yrr h a n d d rago n s blood

.
, ,
’
.

Th is is fo r w o u n ds a n d brok e n bo nes .

T/ n ni f l o wer P i ll s ; f g fi 72 R ( C h ie n li
‘
zon s a n cl l i l 5
fi ?
‘ -
-
1 -
g
-

m e i h u a wa n )
- -
E r i obotrya lea ves
. Pa c h yrh i z us a n g u l a t u s , ,

bl ack pl u m flesh w ax pl u m fl owers l i c orice a nd h o n ey ,

To , ,
.

be u sed by tra vel le rs b u t f o r w hat i s n o t s tated ,

.

Tli r ee F l owe r s P i ll s ; Z2 5 }
1
( S a n h u a ta n
) Pl u m flo w - -
.

ers pea c h fl owers a n d pear flowers m ad e i n to a pi l l a n d

, , ,

coated w it h flowers o f s u lph u r is take n i n a c o n gee o f P h a s eo ,

Ins a nd bla c k H i s p id i a bea n s fo r s m al l pox .

Iffi 1L S a n p u wa n )
Tli r ee Ton i c P i ll s ; ( C optis teeta - -
.

a nd P terocarp u s i n d i c u s m i xed w i t h h o n ey To n i c a n d
,
.

febri fu ge .

1 a n h u a n g wa n ) Sc u tel
l r ee Ye l l ow P i ll s ; ii 1 ( S ,
- -
.

laria m a c ra n tha rh u barb a n d Copt i s teeta m i xed w i th h o n e y

, , ,
.

To n i c a nd correcti ve i n m e n a n d w o m e n .

Twe n ty P ea r l s P i ll s ; ff; fie fl ( N i e n c h u w a n ) B e n z oi n ,
- -
.
,

seeds o f N eph el i u m l o n ga n a a n d yell o w wax F o r h er n ia ,

.
,

or c hi t i s a n d t h e l i k e
,
.

Two A n r w P i ll s ; fl ( Rr h c h i w a n ) A n u m bil -
‘ -
.
,

ical cord is sa i d t o represe n t th e a u ra of the abyss w h i l e ,

332 C H I N ES E M A I E RI A
' ‘
M ED I C A .

descr i pt io n of th eir m ed i ci nal u ses t h ey are no t d iscri m i nated

fro m star a n i seed Th e s tal ks a nd leaves w h e n eate n are
.

c o n s i d e red t o be c h i e fly c ar m i n a t i ve re l i e v i n g flat u le n c e a n d ,

gri p i n g i n th e bowels .

PI N E LLI A TU B E R IF E R A — E{£ E ( P a n h sia ) 9 7 5 .

-
,
.

Th is aroid pla n t is fo u n d i n th e n or ther n provi n ces n otabl y ,

S h e ns i Sh a n t u n g a n d K i a n gs u I t i s c u l t i vated i n S ze c h u a n
, , .

a n d H u peh Th e pla n t h as tri par t i te l ea ves of a l igh t gree n

.

col or . I n pre par i n g for m ed i ci n al u s e t h e t u bers a re soak ed ,

f o r seve n da y s i n war m wa ter a nd d r i ed A fter sl i ci ng 9 7 8 .

, ,

th ey are m i x ed w i th g i n ger j ui c e a nd kep t for u se o r else ,

powdered 9 7 7 a n d m i xed w i th g i n ger j u i c e d ried a n d

, , , ,

re o w d e re d
p Th . is last is c al led
E 5}
5 ( P a n h sia f é n
) O r - -
.

t h i s i s m ad e i n to c akes i f: E fill ( P a n hs i a pi n g ) o r th e po w der

,
- -
,

m i xed w i th g i n ger j u i c e a nd a l u m m ad e i n to c ak es w rapped , ,

i n paper m ul berry leaves a n d preserve d i n sal t i s c al l ed , E ,

a n— m
( P h s i a 97 6 Th ere are .a n u ber of oth er
m eth ods o f pre parat i o n i n w h i c h i t is m i xed w i th o th er s u b
,

sta n ces bes ides gi n ger a n d these are m ore or l ess c a r e f u l y

,

disti n g uish ed fro m eac h o th er as to th e i r uses i n m ed i c i n e .

Th e si m ple prepared d r u g is ca ll ed 4 E ( F a p a n h sia )

3 - -
,

97 8 . Th e d r u g as m e t w i th i n t h e m arket
,
c o n sis ts o f th e ,

t ubers i n th e for m o f s m al l sph er i c al bod i es e i th er fl atte ned o n ,

o n e sid e pyr i for m or o v oid w h ic h are fro m th ree te n th s to

, , ,
-

six te nth s o f a n i n c h i n d i a meter

-
Th e s urfa c e is w h i te o r .
,

yel l ow i sh w h i te a n d for t h e grea ter par t o f t h e t u ber is dotte d

-
,

ove r w i th li ttle dark pi ts a n d th ese are m ore es pec i al l y fo u n d

, ,

aro u n d th e u m b i l icated depressi o n w h i ch m arks th e flat surface .

T h e i n ter i or o f th e t ubers is w h i te de n se a nd a m v la c e o us I n , ,
.

th e prepared state th ey h a v e l i ttle s mel l or taste ; b ut i n t h e

fresh state th ey are said to be b i tter acrid a nd poiso n o us pro , , ,

d u c i n g vo m i t i n g a n d d ia ph oresis The prepared dr ug is sai d .

t o be a n t i febri le t uss i c co u n ter e m e ti c e c bol i c a nti mal arial

, ,
-
, , ,

astri n ge n t a n d sl igh tl y laxat i ve

,
I t i s ad m i n i stered i n fevers .
,

i n fl u e n za j a u nd i ce co ughs co n sti pati o n go n orrhoea le uc or

, , , , ,
”
r h oea ,
a nd se m i nal l osses A l l d i seases a tte nd ed by p h leg m
.
“

3 are par ti c u larl y th erape tic eld Th e n u m ber o f

( 59 ) i t s u fi .

d i ffi c u l ties for w h ich i t is rec o m me n ded is ver y l ar ge a nd ,

 VEGE T AB L E K I NGDOM .
333

i ncl udes a grea t v arie ty o f very d issi m i lar tro ubl e s Th at th e .

prepared dr u g is co mparat i ve ly i n oc c uo us is p rove n by th e fac t

t h a t i n so m e m issi o n h ospi tals i t h as bee n s u bsti t u ted fo r
s ulp h ate of potas h i n t h e prepara ti o n o f D o v e r s powder The ’
.

v is c i d sap o f t h e sta lk of t h e p la n t is sai d to restore fa l le n h air

a n d w h iskers .

PI N US S I N E N S I S —f§ ( S u ng) T h is ch aracter i n cl udes . > .

P i n ns A oi es a nd L a r i x b u t refers m ost spe c i fi c al l y to t h i s

, , ,

spe c i es w h i c h is t h e sa m e as P i n n s nza s s on i a n a O ther s pe c ies

,
.
,

so m e of w h ic h are m e n t i o ned i n t h e P en ts a o are [2] $2} ( Pai ,

s u n g ) P i n n s bu ng ea n a ; E 152} ( H e i s u n g ) P i nn s tli n n oerg zz ;

, ;
-
,

fij $5} ( C h i h s u n g ) P i n n s d en s / flor a ; a nd Ifi fl ( H a i s u n g )
‘
‘ - ‘
-
:
, ,

P i n n s lzor a i en s i s T h is l ast bears la rge seeds ca l led 715 $2}

.
,

H a i s u n g tz u) 1 2 1 4 w h i c h are i n c l u ded a m o n g t h e ed i ble nu ts

( - -
, , .

—
T hey are also cal le d $5 195} ( IIsi n lo s u n g tz u) as t h ey c o me - - -
,

fro m th e co u n try o f H si n lo ( so u th er n K orea ) a lt h o u gh th ey ,

are also bro u g h t fro m Y u n n a n They a re l i k e t h e ord i n ar y .

pi n e n u ts f o u n d i n o t h er c o u n tr i es th ree cor n ered a nd co n ta i n

-
,
-
,

i n g a ri c h aro mati c m ea ty ker nel

,
T h ey are c o ns i de red t o
,
.

be very n utri t i o us i mprovi ng th e flesh prolo n gi n g l i fe c u ri n g

, , ,

co ns ti pa t i o n a nd co u gh s O f t h e o th er S peci es o f P i n n s a
.

n u m ber o f prod ucts are m e n ti o ned th e fi rs t o f w h ic h i s $ 1

5 ,

( S g c h i h ) r es i n also cal l ed $2} 3 ( S u n g k ao ) $2} fijj ( S u n g ‘

u n -
, ,
-
,

a nd m ost co mm o n l y 1
f a n g ) it} 5
,
2 S un g ch iao
2 ( ) -
5
5} fi (
,
S u n g
h s i a ng) 1 2 1 1 ,
T h is i f i t l ies i n th e gro u n d fo r a th o u sa n d
.
,

years beco m es ch a nged i n to a m ber

,
I t is ad m i n istered i n ter .

n al l y a nd i s said to be car m i n a ti ve a nd a n t i febri l e

,
B ut i t i s .

used for t h e m os t par t ex ter n al l y i n vario us sk i n er u pti o ns ,

ol d u lcers a nd i n dol e n t w o u nds

,
I t is co ns i dered to be be n e .

fi c i a l to t h e te n do ns eyes a nd ears I t i s ad m i n i stered i n pi l l

, ,
.

i n le uc orrhoea Th e j oi n ts o f pi n e t w i gs c al led $17; $5 ( S ung

.
,

ch ieh ) 1 2 1 0 for m a nother prod u ct u sed i n med i c i n e

, ,
T h ey .

ar prescribed pri nc i pal l y i n d ecocti o n i n col ds rh e u m atis m

e , , ,

tooth ach e a nd vo m i ti n g $5}

, ( S u ng i
) is a n extrac t prepared
.
-

by roasti n g t h e tw igs o f th e pi n e ( t u rpe n t i n e Th ere is no

descri ptio n of t h e pro c ess a n d th e prod uct i s e m pl oyed i n ,

u lcers i t c h a nd th e sk i n d iseases o f h orses a n d cattl e

, ,
The .

pi ne n eedles are also used i n medici n e ; decoc t ed or c h opped ,

 3 34 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

fi ne a nd m ixed
w i th m eal t hey are ad m i n istered i n r h e u m a t ,

i s m e v i l d i seases a n d i n test i n al paras ites

,
The d e c o c tio n i s
, .

also u sed ex ter n all y Th e w h i te bark o f th e root 1 2 1 3 is .

, ,

c o n s i dered to n i c w h i le th e bar k o f th e tree i s h eal i n g to

,

w o u n ds astr i n ge n t a n d paras i ti c i de T he fl owers

, , ( S u n g .
,

h u a ) 1 2 1 2 also c al l ed is i ( S n g h ua n g
) are c o n sid ered to
“

} u -
, , ,

h ave espe c i a l a c t i o n o n t h e h eart a n d l u n gs a n d to be a s tri n ,

”
ge n t .Th e y are d ist i l led i n to a sort o f wi n e w h i ch i s u sed “
,
”
in “
fu l l n ess i n th e h ead a n d post part u m fever -
.

PI P E R N I G R U M fifi iii ( H u ch iao ) T h i s i s said to .

- -
.

h ave or i g i n al l y bee n bro u gh t fro m Ma ga d h a w h ere i t w as ,

c all ed as, if}; f ( We i fu c h ih ) possi bl y th e tra n sl i terat i o n o f - -

,

a n I n d ia n n a m e I t i s n o w i m p orted fro m th e isla n ds of th e

.

E as t I n d i a n ar c h i pel a go B la c k a n d w h i te pepper are bot h .

u sed as a c o n d i m e n t by th e C h i n ese b u t n o t s o excl us i vel y as ,

i n t h e w est Cap s i cu m a n d Z a n tlzoxy l zu n are so ple n ti fu l a n d

.

c h eap th at th ey are u sed rath er th a n th e m ore ex pe n s i ve

pe pper I t is sa i d t ha t so m e atte m p ts h ave bee n m ad e th o u g h
.
,

rath er u ns u c c ess fu l l y to do m esti c ate th e pepper v i n e w h i c h , ,

grows i n d i ge n o us o n th e isl a n d o f H ai n a n Prior to th e .

c o m i n g of E u ropea n s th e gro un d pep per was appare n tl y n o t ,

k n ow n i n C h i n a ; th e pe pper c or ns be i n g e i t h er u sed w h ole or -

,

cr u sh ed as re q u i red Car m i n ati ve war m i n g a nd el i m i n ati ve

.
, ,

proper t i es are as c r ibed t o th e dr ug a nd i t i s ad m i n is tered i n ,

c h olera dyse n tery vo m i t i n g s u m m er d iarrh oea a n d d ys u ria I t

, , , ,
.

is sa i d to correct fi s h flesh sh el l fis h a nd m ushroo m poiso n i n g , ,

-
,
.

P IP E R L O N G U M .
( po ) ,
P i -
1 00 8 . See Clza v i ca
r ox ln i r lzi i
g .

? y u e h ch u n tz ii ) E;
V E RA —Ffi E
P I ST A C I A .
] 3
( O - - -
,

H u c h é n tz ti ) figfi i f: W u m i n g t z fi
ii ( -
( -
) T h is
,
is o f for e i g n - -
.

or i g i n a nd th e fi rst C h i nese n a m e is said to be i n i m i tat i o n

,

o f th e Pers i a n T here is n o des c r i p ti o n o f th e tree al th o u gh

.
,

i t i s sai d to gro w i n Li n g n a n Th e k er nels o f th e n u ts are sa i d .

to be good for dyse n tery a n d to be v ery n u tri ti o us pro m ot i n g , ,

t h e grow th o f flesh Th e bark o f t h e tree is said to be .

s tre n gth e n i n g t o th e fe m ale pri n c i ple a n d is used i n decocti o n ,

i n pr u r i t us o f t he ge n i tals .
 33 6 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

m ade i n th e foll o wi n g m a nn er Ta ke o f fragra nt sesa m u m oi l ,

s i x tee n o u nces ; pea c h twi gs w i l lo w t wigs Sop h ora j a po n i ca , ,

t wi gs m u lberry t wigs ci n na m o n t wi gs a nd A l li u m fi s tul o s u m

, , ,

o f eac h o n e o u n ce ; m ale h a i r
g i ) fo u r o u n ces ; Z an ,

t h o xy l u m b u nge i ha l f a n o u n ce ; c astor o i l bea n t wo o u n c es ;

, ,

S try c h n os n u x v o mica fifi) fo u r o u nces ; C h a v i c a rox ,

b urgh i i h al f a n o u nc e ; a n d A n gel i c a a no ma la t wo o u nces

, ,
.

S oa k th e d r ugs i n th e oi l i n th e w i n te r se v e n days i n t h e ,

s u m m er t h ree da ys a nd i n th e s pri n g or a u t u m n fi v e days

,
.

Th e n bo i l u n ti l t h e dr ugs are w i t h ered a n d dry w h e n th e o i l ,

s h o u ld be drai ned o ff a nd bo i led u n t i l i t is red uced to e i g h t

te n th s of i ts vol um e I t i s t h e n read y for u s e . .

B a r oos Ca mp / P l a s t er ; i R E Q ( P i g p ie n kao
‘
"

t or : n - -

yao ) . T h is is a n expe ns i v e war m plaster a t prese n t i n m u c h ,

rep ute a m o ng t h e C h i nese I ts co mposi tio n is n ot gi ve n i n

.

t he book s .

D i s s o l v i ng A bs ces s es P l a s ter ; ifi fit 5 ( Hsiao c h u k ao ) - -

.

T h is is made by cr u sh i ng n i n e ker nels o f t h e c astor o i l bea n ,

a n d beati n g u p w i th th is t h ree te n ths o f a n o u n ce ea c h o f p i n e -

res i n w h i te lead a nd fi nel y po wdered L ua u tea l eaves I f i t

, ,
.

is too d ry a l i t tl e sesa m u m o i l i s ad ded a n d i t i s t he n s pread

, ,

o n a p i ece o f c l oth app li ed to t he abscess a nd t h e wh ole covered

,

w i t h a l ayer o f c o tto n pa per I t is sa i d to heal i n seve n d a ys

. .

F on r P e rf ect i on P l a s ter or Oi n t m en t E Q fl ( S s u s h en g -

t a n). I nc i nerate forty n i ne peas t h ree h u nd red ths o f a n o u n c e

-
,
-

o f hai r a nd fo u r tee n real pearls

,
B eat u p t h e as h w i th o i ly .

c os m etic to a paste T h is is for v i cio us s mal l pox er u ptio n i n

.

c h i ldre n i n th ose cases i n w h ic h ei g h t or n i ne o ut o f te n d i e

,
.

U se a h air p i n a nd press o ut th e h a d blood a n d the n ap pl y a

-

l i ttle o f th e paste to t h e sore wh e n i t w i ll t ur n red a nd h eal t h y ,

i n appeara n ce .

”
H ea l i ng R i ng w or m P l a s ter ; ff; fl fl (C h i h
h s i e n t i i l i n g ta n )
- -
C r us h to a p ul p t hree h u n dred da y l i l i es
- -
.
-

un k ia s ubcordata )
( F a n d add cloves si x ,
o u nces ; l ig n aloes , ,

fo u r o u nces ; B a ro os ca m ph or a n d m us k o f eac h th ree te n th s ,

-

o f a n o u nce ; p u l verized c i ty wal l bric k f r o m S h a ns i t wel ve ,

o un ces B oi l a l l i n t h ree a n d a h al f c atti es o f sesa m u m o i l

. .

M i x w i th c har c oa l d ust a n d d rop i nt o water to for m pe l le ts , .

P lace i n a porcela i n j a r a nd se a l w i t h y el lo w wax a nd t h e n ,

 V EGE T A B L E K I NGDOM .
3 37

b ury i n th e gro u n d for twe n ty o ne davs Take ou t a nd appl y -

.

t o t he ri n gwor m a n d th is w i l l soo n be c u red

,
.

H ea l i ng A bs cess P l a s ter ; ff; ljé i Ef ( C h i h ch un g t u

‘
- -

k a o).
M i x fo u r o u n ces o f S ia m ese ga m boge w i th eigh t o u n ce
of w h i te w ax B o i l th oro u gh l y tw el ve o u n c es o f sesa m u m o il
.
,

a nd add t he above m i x t u re K eep i n a porcela i n bo t tle wi t h

.

a l i ttle sesa m u m o i l o n to p to preserve i t Th i s is to be .

a ppl ied to a n y sort o f a bs c ess o r sore .

me C/ zi n F a m y P
i l l a s t e ;
r
g E E 5
{I} 5 (
3 Ch i n sh i h l i - -

t u n g kao )
-
To fi v e o u nc es of U n i versal P laster B as i s ad d o f
.

S i a m ese ga m boge o n e a n d a hal f o u nc es ; yel lo w wax t wo

, ,

o u n ces B o i l to a dark brow n col or spread o n cl oth a nd

.
,

appl y S a i d to be a s u re c u re for var i cose u lcer

. .

P L ATY C AR I A ST R O B I L A C E A — i£ 5£5 ( H u ai h sia ng) .

-
,
5
55 5 g a (15 T ou l o o hs i a n g
) T hi s is des r i bed as a s m al l
‘
p c
- - -
.

tree grow i n g i n th e m o u n ta i n s o f m i d C h i n a a nd u sed fo r fuel

,
-
.

I t h as l o n g p i n n a te gree n fragra n t leaves serrated a nd

, , , , ,

rese m bli ng th istl e leaves Th e root rese m bles tha t o f Ly ci u m.

b u t is larger a n d is very fragra n t w he n b u r n t I t is u sed i n .

t he bath to g i ve fr agra n ce to t he body Th e root i s u sed .

m ed i c i n al ly o n l y i n t he prepara t i o n o f a n oi n t m e n t to be
a ppl i ed to sores o n the scal p ( K ao ) i s also s u gested for
‘
g .

P l a ty ea r i a b u t i t i s also u sed for fl/

,
[ a ng r ov e ba r / e
.

PL A TY C O DO N G RA N D I FL OR U M — :f§ {E ( C h ie h .

k é ng) 8 9 9 4 ,
Th i s is ofte n c o n fo u nded w i t h A a en Op /
,
. zo r a a nd
’
,

th e l atte i s so m e ti m es cal led iéf fig fE ( K u c h ieh k é n g)

r
Th e
’' “ ‘ - -
.

y o u n g pla n t i s eate n as a po t herb a n d i s c o nsidered to ha v e -

,

ver m ic i dal propert i es Th e root is o f a y e l lo w ish w h i te col or

.
-
,

a n d is abo u t as th ick as a l ittl e fi n ger I t is o n e of se veral roots .

th at are fra u d e n tl y s u bsti t u ted for tr u e gi n se n g I ts m ed ic i n al .

properties are gi ve n i n the articl e o n A a e n op / zor a Th e ste m ’

.

a n d th e leaves E E(E L u are

,
also u sed i n med i c i n e a nd ,

are prescribed i n de c oct i o n i n dyspep t i c v o m i t i n g o f m u c us .

P O D O C AR P U S M A C RO P H Y LL A fi ( Lo h an .
-

mu ) , ii 2} (
15 L o h a n su ng
) Th e fr u i t o f th i s tree
-
wh i c h -
.
,

i s said to rese m ble th e p i ne is g i ve n i n th e C usto m s L i sts ,

33 8 C H I NE S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

un der t h e ter m o f
g ( L o h a n k uo
) :
- -
, 7 49 B u t there h as
.

bee n n o des c r i pt i o n o f t h e pla n t o r o f i ts , m ed i c i n al propert i es

a n d u ses fo u n d i n t h e C h i n ese books
, .

P O DO P H Y LLU M V E R S I P E LL E H
ill é (
? T u — ch i o .

l ie n) . A c c o rd i n g t o Ford a n d C ro w t h i s i s th e i de n t i fi ca ti o n a t ,

Ca n to n Th is Ch i n ese n a m e h o w ever i s u sed fo r d i ff ere n t

.

, ,

pl a n ts i n d i ffere n t p arts o f C h i na F o r des c r i pt i o n a n d m e d i c i n .

a l a c tio n a n d u ses see th e ar t i c l e o n D ip /

. z ll e i a
y .

P O G ON I A O P H I OGL O S S OID E S — fl i E5 (C h u l a n ) -
.

zl or a n t/
Th i s i s n o t d i st i n g u i sh ed fro m C/ zn s a n d o t h er o rc h i d a

c e o u s pla n ts .

F O LLI A J A P O N IC A — fi; ( Tu j o) A n oth er ter m

.
-
.

gi ve n for t h i s i s 75 1; {g} ( T u h é n g) b u t th i s p roperly i s A s a r u m

-
,

f o r b e s i i ( wh i c h see ) I t i s also m u c h c o n fo u n ded w i t h A l i n i a

.
p
o
fi ei n a r n m a nd th e des c r i p t i o n s o f the pla n t g i ve n i n th e
,

P en ts a o are al m ost i n ex tr i c ably c o n fused w i th A l p i n i a a n d

oth er z i n gi beraceo u s pl a n ts Th e root i s th e part u sed i n .

m ed i c i n e a n d i s c o n s i d ered to be c ar m i n ati ve sedat i ve st i m

, , ,

nl a n t a n d t o n i c
,
Tak e n f o r so m e t i m e i t be n e fi ts th e a n i m a l
.
,

sp i r i ts br i gh te n s t h e eye a n d stre n gt h e n s t h e m e m ory I t i s

, ,
.

ad m i n i s tered as a w ar m i n g re m ed y i n c olds a n d fl u xes i n ,

d izz i n ess a nd as a n aro m at i c i n fo u l breath

,
.

P O LY G A L A R E I N II E éjg 36 ( P a c h i 926 .
- -
.

Th is i s a pol y gal a c e o u s w i n te r g r ee n a n d is t herefore also ,

c all ed 2 5
0] é (2 P u t i ao a nd was by Lo u re i ro c alled
-

S ep ta s r ep e n s a nd b y B e n th a m H e rp es t i s m o n n i e r a
,
Th e .

de c ri p t i o n i n th e P en ts a o is n o t c lear The root i s u sed i n

s .

m ed i c i n e a n d i s c n s i dered t o be war m i n g a n d to n i c
,
o It .

stre n gth e n s th e bo n es a nd si n e ws q u iets t h e fi v e v is c era i s , ,

to n i c to th e c e n ters i n c reases th e w i l l pow er a n d b e n e fi ts t h e

, ,

breath I t is spe c i al ly be n e fi c i al to m ales preve n t i n g se m i n al

.
,

l osses a n d n o c t u r n a l pol l u t i o ns .

P O LY G A L A S I B I R I C A P olyg a la ten a ifi l i a ,
.

a ss i cal n a m e i s
( Y u a n chi h
)
-
1
557 A c l ,
.
i f}? ( Y a o
j )
ao a n d -
,

a co m m o n n a m e is i l fi ( H si a o Th ere are two k i nds

s
,
3 40 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

t hi n is pre p a red for food by s tea m i n g a n d dry i n g I n th is

g .

c o n d it i o n i t m a y be used as a s u bst i t u te fo r gra i n s a n d i s ,

cal l ed 5Kfifi ( M i p u) The root i s th e part u sed m ed i c i nal l y

-
.
,

a n d i s m e t w i th i n th e sh ops i n fla t p i e c es fro m o ne t o t w o a nd ,

a q uarter i nc h es l o n g h av i ng a gree n i sh y el l o w c ol or w ith a

,
-
,

vary i n g degree of tra n sl u c e n c y a n d flexi bil i ty Th e o u ter .

s u rface i s m ark ed w i th s m al l c i r c u l ar C i c a tri c es t u ber c l es o r , ,

tra n sverse l i nes Th e i n n er s u rfa c e i s paler a n d sh ows si g ns

.
,

o f h av i n g bee n at ta c h ed t o the s tal k Th e taste i s sweetis h .

a n d m u c i lagi n o u s Th e d r u g is regard ed as c h i e flv to n i c a n d
.

co n str u c t i ve i n i ts proper ti es ; b u t i t is a lso regard ed a s

d e m u l c e n t arth ri t i c le n i t i ve a nd proph y la c ti c
, ,
I t i s also , .

ad m i ni ste red i n co n fi r m ed le prosy .

P O LY G O NA TU M O FFIC I N A L E — éfg 221k ( We i j u i ) 3

‘

-
,

fi (
’
Y ii —
c h u) T he fi rst c h aracter i s al so wri tte n Th e
1 4
5 7 ,
.

l eaves rese m bl e ba m boo l eaves ; h e n c e th e seco n d n a m e ( j ad e

ba m boo ) Th e l eaves a n d root are ed ible I t i s a c o m m o n
. .

pla n t i n th e m o u n ta i n s o f n orth er n Ch i na T he d r u g as fo un d .

i n th e sh ops co n s i sts o f pal e ye ll ow or bro w n bri ttle se m i , ,

tra nsl u ce n t t w i sted pie ces pretty e ve n l y j o i n ted a nd vary i ng

, , ,

a good deal i n size le n gth a n d h y gro m etr i c state

,
Th e taste
,
.

i s s weet a nd m u c ilag i n o us a n d th e od or so m eth i n g l ike t h at ,

of n ew ly baked bread I t is very l i able to be c o m e m o u ld y

. .

Wh e n m acerated i n water t h e r oots s wel l u p agai n to th e i r

orig i n al di m e n si o n s a nd are th ree or fo u r t i m es as th i c k as i n
,

th e dry s tate C ool i n g de m u l c e n t sedat i ve to n ic a n t i p e r i od

.
, , , ,

i c a n d arth r i t i c q u al i ties are attr i b u ted to th e rh izo m e a n d

, ,

i t is prescribed as a wash i n op h th al m i a to be ta ke n w i th ,

pepper m i n t gi n ger a n d h o n ey i n m u s c ae vol i ta n tes i n other

, , ,

co m bi nat io n s fo r gravel the fevers o f i n fl u e n za a nd c aked ,

breast a nd i n the a n ae m i as o f ep i le pti c C h i ld re n

,
.

P O LY G ON U M AM P H I B I U M — f Z ( T i e n l iao ) Th i s .
‘ -
.

i s gi ve n i n th e P en ts a o i n a n ote t o th e art i c le o n P o lj g on n m '

o r i e n ta l e a n d th e pl a n t i s n o t c l earl y d i st i n g u i sh ed fro m th is
,

l atter Th e root a n d stal k are br u i sed a n d th e j u i ce tak e n

.
,

a nd e m ploy ed i n th e treat m e n t of fo u l sores a n d r h eum a t

15 m .
 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDOM .
341

P O LY G ON U M A V I CU L A R E —fi ; ( Pie n h s u) This .
5
.

i s t h e ord i n ary k n ot g r a s s o r g oos e ; r a s s gro w i n g by th e

-
,
O
>
'

road sid e a n d spread i n g o u t s o as to c over th e gro u n d

- Th e .

ste m is covered w i t h a w h ite powd er a n d 0 11 th is a c c o u n t th e ,

pl a n t i s cal led $5 } éfi fi ( F ch i e h The w h ol e pla t

’
é n -
n

i s u sed i n m edi c i n e a n d i ts j u i c e i s pres c r i bed i n i t c h i n g a lf e c

tio n s o f t h e sk i n ve n ereal sores espec i a l l y i n w o m e n a n d as a
, , ,

di u reti c a n d a n th el m i n t i c re m e d v P i l es i s o n e o f t h e d i ffi .

c ul t i es for w h i ch i t i s special ly rec o m m e n d ed .

P O LY G O N U M B I ST O R T A —f§§j 256 ( Tz ii s h é n) g .
4
-
,

( C h ’
ii a n shé n
-
) H
C ; ( M
,
o u m en g ) Th ese are n o t id e n ti fi e d
-
.

w i th eac h o th er i n th e P en ts a o N e i th er i s d es c ribed i n a n y .

detai l a nd al l fu r n ish a d ark p u rpl e o r bla c k root

,
T ha t fro m .

t h e fi rst i s co n sidered t o be a n t i fe br i le d i u ret i c a n d l a xa ti ve , ,

.

I t i s prescr i bed i n h e m orrh ages w o u n ds t u m ors a n e m orrh oea , , , ,

ag u e a n d fl uxes
,
It st i rs u p t h e d ua l pri n c i pl es
. T h e seco n d .

i s u sed i n d ropsy .

P O LY GO N U M B LU M E I — E § ( M a l i ao) Th i s i s . .

al so cal led j g g ( Ta l iao ) T h e se c o nd ch a ra c te r is ge neri c

.

for P olyg on u m Th e pl a n t gr ows to th e h e i g h t o f fo u r o r fi ve

.

fee t a n d th e lea ves are m ark ed b y a bla c k spl ot c h i n t he

,

ce n ter I t i s th e sa m e as P olj g o n n m P e r s i ea r za
. Th e stal k r .

a n d leaves a re u sed i n m ed i c i n e as a v er m i c i d e .

P O LY G O N U M C H I N E N S E P ol) ; 07m m cy m os u m —7f ,

0
D
.

n c h ia o ma i
il} i ( Ch i h i l i ) Th i s i s th e 25 ( S h a )
‘
l l
‘
5 t - -
.
il ,

r h i l l b u c k w h ea t
“ -
I t gro ws i n m o u n ta i n val l e y s h as a
.
,

red ste m gree n l ea ves a n d be ars a wh i te flo we r fol l ow ed by

, , ,

g re e n i sh seeds Th e root
. rese m bl es tha t of S m i l ax h as a ,

p urpl ish red sk i n a n d a v el l o w i sh —red i n ter i or

-
I t is a d m i n i s .

t ere d i n al l sorts of fl uxes as a n a n th el m i n t i c i n i n se c t a n d

, ,

scorpio n poiso n i n g for th i s last both i n ter n al l y a nd the br u i sed

,

pla n t is appl i ed l ocal l y .

P O LY G O N U M C US P I DA TU M fi (
t H u c h a n g ) .
-
.

Th e ste m o f th i s i s covered w i th spots a n d for th is reaso n ,

i t is also called i115 BK ( P a n C h a n g ) T h e pla n t i s so m e -

.
342 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

w h a t pric k l y a n d i ts l eaves rese m bl e th ose o f th e apricot

, .

I t grows pl e n t i fu l l y i n w aste pla c es Th e root i s th e part .

u sed i n m ed i c i n e I t i s re c o m m e n ded i n m e nstr u al d i ffi c ul t i es

.
,

as a n a n t i febril e a n d d i u re ti c re m ed y i n post p a rt u m tro u bles ,

-
,

a n d t o s c a tte r s wel l i n gs a n d ec c h y m oses I t is a lso u sed as a .

proph y l a c t i c i n epid e m i c s .

P O LY G O N U M FI L I F OR M E a: g ( C h i n s s fi .
-

{j g {52 E (C h i n hs i e n T h i s i s c o n fo u n d ed w ith Ca s ezi ta

-

a n d [ I p er s i m m/ I t grows i n m o u n tai n val leys a n d th e w h ole

Q .
,

p l a n t i s u sed i n h e m orr hages a n d fl u xes .

P O LY G O N U M FL A C C I D U M — 7j( a ; ( S h u i l iao ) T h i s .
-
.

i s also k n ow n as [E g ( Y ii l i a o ) a n d { i ( Ts é l i ao
) m-
arsh -
,
“
,
”
o r w ater s mar tw eed,
I t i s p 1 o b a b l y t h e sa m e as P olyg o n u m
.

ky d r op zp er I t grows o n th e m arg i n o f po n ds a n d i n oth er

.

da m p p la c es a n d h as a red s te m ,
O n e vari e ty i s c u l t i vated .

a n d i s c al led 42: I t i s u sed i n th e prep a ra ti o n

5

of o ne sor t o f leave n ( 251111) M ed i c i n al l y i t i s u s e d 1 11 s n ake ,

bites br u ised a n d a ppl i ed l o c a ll y ; a n d a ls o i n bl i s tered a n d

,

sw ol le n fee t .

P O LY G ON U M J A P O N I C U M g ( Ts a n c h ie n .
‘
-

ts a o)
‘
Th i s i s Fa b er s i d e n t i fi c ati o n ; b u t th e spe c i es i s n o t
.
’

m e n t i o n ed i n a n y oth er work s c o n s u l ted It gro ws i n we t .

gro u n d a n d h as a red s te m a n d w h i te flo wer

,
I t i s br u i sed .

a n d a ppl ied to c a ter p i ll ar st i n gs a n d t o u l c ers .

P O LY G O N U M L A P A T H I F O LI U M Z ( M a o l iao
) .
-
.

Th is i s a h a i rv leaved P o lyg on u m grow i n g i n m o u n ta i n val l eys

-
.

T h e pla n t is ap p l i ed t o t u m o rs a n d fo u l sores a n d i s c o ns i d e red ,

t o be a n t 1 s e p t i c a n d h eal i n g A d e c o c t i o n i s als o u sed t o

.

w ash sore feet .

P O LY G O N U M M U LTIFL OR U M — ffi] fi 2, ( H o sh o u .
‘
-

wu ) 3 7 6,
Th e P en ts a o d es c r i bes t h i s pl a n t as be i n g d i oe c i o u s
. .

I t gr ows pr i n c i pa ll y i n t h e L i n g n a n reg i o n Th e root w he n .

,

o ld ,
i s sa i d t o h ave m yster i o u s propert i es A t fi fty y ears i t i s .

”
as l a rge as a fi s t a n d i s des i g n ated m o u n ta i n sl ave ( LU fill )
,
“
,
 3 44 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

lea ves are l arge p i n k is h i n color a nd t h e pla n t grows t o t h e

, ,

h e i gh t of severa l feet The s ta l k i s as t h i c k as a t h u m b a n d

.

h a i ry T h e p la n t bears redd i s h blac k seeds w it h w h i te ker nels

.
-
,

w h i c h w h e n s tea m ed or roas ted ca n be eate n T h ey are said .

t o rel i eve t h i rst a nd fe ver br ig h te n t h e eye a nd be n e fi t th e , ,

breath T h ey are p res c r i be d i n t u berc u l o us s well i ngs a nd

.

flat u le n c e T h e flo wers are said to th i n t he blood re m o v e

.
,

obstr uc t i o n s a n d ease pai n ,

.

P O LY G O N U M S p — Z ( L i ao ) I n add it i o n to t h ose . .

al read y g i ve n th e P en ts a o speaks of others u n der th is t i tle

, .

I t i s prob a bl e that th e ter m m ore part i c u larl y refers to P oly

m P olyg o n u m nm
’
g on a lzy a r op zper , p a nd P o lj /
g on e r s i ca r i a ,

b u t there are o t h ers m e n tio ned s u c h as fi g ( C h i ng

'

‘
bi s tor ta ; ,

l iao) } ( H s i a n g l i ao ) a n d i f Z ( C h i h l iao) i n cl u d i ng
a - ‘ -
, .
, ,

P o lyg o n n m ba r ba t u m a n d ot h er e d i b le spec ies T h ey are .

so m e wh at p u n ge n t i n tas te b u t u sed for food Th e seeds are ,

.

co ns i dered to be s ti m ula n t c ar m i n a ti ve a nd d i u reti c The y , , .

are a lso u sed i n s c al p er upti o ns i n c h i ldre n Th e shoots a nd .

leaves are car m i n at i v e wa r m i n g a nd a n t h el m i n t i c T h ey

, ,
.

are pres c r i bed i n th e c ra m ps o f l i ver d iseases a nd c h olera i n ,

d yse n ter y i n c h i ldre n a nd fo r m a d d og bite ,

-
.

P O LY G ON U M T I N CT OR I U M la n) T h is .
-
.

i s 111 e 11 t 1o 11 ed i n t h e P en ts a o u n de r t h e art i c le o n [ n a zg of er a Sp ’
.

see t ha art i c le ) N o m ed i c i n al proper ties are t here fore d is

( t .

t i n g u i s h e d fro m th ose bel o n g i n g to th e l atter .

A n othe r t i n c tor ial pl a n t is m e n t i o ned i n th e Pe n ts a o u n der

t h e na me g ( C h i n A n i de n t i fic at i o n o f P / za l a r i s

a r n n a i n a eea h as bee n s u ggested for i t b u t th e pla n t descr i bed

’
,

i n t h e P e n ts a o i s n ot P / t a la r i s The d es c r i p t io n c orrespo n ds
‘

m ore to t ha t of th e Polygo n a c e ae I ts c o m m o n n a m es are g .

l/
o r m ak i n g
( L ii-
j )
u a nd rj ( L n chu
) a nd i t is u sed
-
f ,
a
gree n i s h yello w dy e for c lot h
-
I t is u sed med ici nal ly i n old .

co u ghs asth m a tre m or 1 tc h t i nea as a n i nsec t i c i de i n fe vers

, , , , , ,

of c h i ld re n a n d as a wash for fo u l sores

, .

°
P O LY P OD I U M B ARO M E T Z 3f1] 75 ( K o u c h i) 6 0 6 .
- -
,
.

T h is is L o u re i ro s ter m a nd is th e sa m e as C i é oti n m aa r omete

’
,

of J S m i th
.
Th e pla n t is fo u nd ex te nsi vel y i n easter n A s i a
.
,
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3 46 M A TE R I A M E D I CA
1
01 1 1 1 91512 .

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, ,
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P OL Y P O D U M LI N G U A Ii ( S hi h we i) 1 1 6 1 g g: .
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g ( C h i n h s i n g tsao
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p lan t is s p or u lati n g I t is a l s o cal led if] i ( S h i h

.
on
.

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a
.

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(
we i ) Th is is F ob /p od i u m Zzn ea r e It i s u se fu l i n th e tre at
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me n t o f u ri n ary ca l c u l u s The leaves of th e S / zzfz we z are

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.
-

gath ered i n th e sec o nd m oo n a nd d ried i n th e s h ad e Th e .

“

best k i n d is t h at w h i c h gro w s i n places w here n ei ther th e n oise

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of wa ter n or th e h u m a n v oi ce is h eard Th e d r u g is c o ns i d .

ered to be d i u reti c an d t on i c a n d i t i s p rescri bed i n gra vel , ,

u ri n ar y d i ffi c u l ti es me n orrh agi a h e m at u ria w o u nds a nd

, , , ,

car b u n cle .

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back arra n ge d i n pai rs Th e fro nds an d root are both u sed .

m ed ici n al l y i n carb u n cle carcin o mato u s u lcers scro fu lo u s , ,

glan ds bri mston e poison i ng a n d d igested i n oil as an a pp li ca

, ,

ti on to m ake th e h ai r gro w I t c ools the b lood a n d p rom otes .

th e excre ti on of wa te r .

P OP U L U S A LB A T h is C h i n ese .
—é 1g ( P a i y a ng ) - .

na me re fers to both th e p op l a r a nd a spe n th e n a m e of th e ,

latter bei n g m ore speci fi ca ll y i f; 115 ( I yan g ) T here is l i ttl e -

.

d iscri m i n ati on bet w een P opu l u s el l /

7a P op u l u s l r e mu l a and , ,

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ca ll ed fi fi}, ( C h i n g yan g ) A n am e com m on for th is a n d

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r
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oth er species o f P opu l a r re feri n g t o the ir m ov i ng l eaves is 35 , ,

”
( T u yao ) sel f m ovin g The bark o f the tree i s c o n
-
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, .

s i d e re d to be an tiseptic an d astri n gen t an d is prescri bed i n c olds , ,

h e m orrh age flu xes t he bl oody st ools of p regn a n t wo men an d

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, ,

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.

teeth a nd n ecrosis of bo n e w here th ere i s a si nus .

 VEGE T A B L E K I NG D O M .
347

P O P ULU S B A LS A M IF E R A H i] ( H a i A lso .

cal led 31513 ( Tz ii

‘
Th is is Faber ’
s i de n t i fi cation b ut ,

t h e d e scri ptio n i n th e P é n tm o w o u ld ra th er i n d icate A ca m b o

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p a n a x (see p . I t gro w s i n t h e so u t h n ear t he sea h as ,

leaves as l arge as a h an d arra n ge d tern atel y a fi rm w h i te ,

bar k wh ich ca n be made i n to ro p es tha t d o n ot rot i n water ,

a n d bears a red flo wer I t is possi bl e th a t t wo or m ore ge n era

.

are co n fo u n d ed u nder th is n am e Th e bar k is u sed as a n .

astrin ge n t i n c h olera ch ron ic d i a rrh ce a a n d d ysen tery d is

, ,

c h arg i n g sk i n d ise ase s d ecayed tee th i n flam e d ey es a n d as a n

, , ,

a n the l m i n tic a nd para s i ti cid e T he flo wers a re u sed as a .

sty pti c i n w o u nd s .

P O P ULU S TRE M U L A r Th is is d e -
tf , lg
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.

scri bed i n th e P é n ts a o u n der t h e ter m 55 $2 ( F u i ) an d th e -

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name E ”
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term for A r o m a a s za tzca a s mal l tree o f th e orde r R os a c eaa

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, ,

w i th w h i te flo we rs i n race m es a n d beari n g a fr u i t l i k e t h e ,

P r w m s j apo m m
'

T h ere seem s th ere fore to be som e co n fo u n d

.

i n g o f n a mes i n t h e P én t s a o b u t th e d escri ption g ive n ev ide n tl y

,

re fers to a P opzzl u s Th e bark i s bi tter an d con sid ered to be

.

sl i gh tl y dele te ri o u s I t i s u sed for a ff ectio n s of th e feet on e

.
,

o f w h ich a n s wers pretty w el l to t h e descri pti on o f go u t It .

also is rega rded as a n th el m i n tic a n d i s h ig h l y estee m ed i n

pro fu se le u corrhoea .

P OR P H Y RA C O CC I N E A ( Tzu T h is al gal .

plan t is a sor t o f l a y e r w h i ch is gree n w he n i n th e fresh state

,

a n d p u r p le w he n d ry I t gro ws o n th e sea sh ore of so u th

.

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It .

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I t is reco m me n ded .

i n diseases of th e throat es p ec ial ly goi tre , .

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.
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a ( H si en ) re fers for .
3 48 C HI NE S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

th e m ost par t to A m a r a u tu s b u t i n th is case i t see ms to be ,

a p p l ied t o t h e com m o n p u rsla n e There i s a fa i rl y good .

descr i p tio n i n th e P é i zts a o T h e p la n t is sai d to con tai n .

m erc u ry I t i s eate n as a ch ea p cooli n g s p ri n g vegetable by

.
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th e C h in ese of all classes Cool i n g l e n i ti ve a n t i scorb u tic .

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al terative v u l n erary a n d d isc u t i en t p ro p erti es are ascr i bed t o

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i t a n d t he p la n t o r i ts j u ice is recom me n d e d to be u sed i n

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u l cers t u m ors i n di gesti o n l e u corrh oea n a u sea gravel w o u nds

, , , , , , ,

h erpes a n th rax ec z e m a colds dyse n tery col ic i n testi n al

, , , , , ,

w or ms a n d p r u r i ti s o f th e ge n i tals
,
Th e seeds are co n sidere d .

t o be ton i c an d con str u c tive a n d a re p rescri bed i n opacities o f ,

th e cor n ea a n d to be ne fi t th e i n tes ti n es .

P O T A M O GE T O N — Zj§ ( Y u) Th is s p ad iceo u s e n dogen

.
’
.

i s w el l descr ibed i n th e P e n i s a o H orses a n d goats are ‘

exceed i n gl y fo n d o f i t a n d i t th ere fore has n am es re ferri n g t o

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th is fac t I t h as a very fo u l od or a n d the n a m e above gi ve n

.
,

i s sai d to i n d i cat e th e fact Th e Ts a r/ 6 21 m l says Th ere is a “

.

fragra n t her b a n d a sti n k i n g o n e a n d f or te n y ears th e sten c h ,

”
w i l l rem a i n i 35 £ 1 11 fi g
3: 5 i ) The root is u sed .

i n m ed ic i n e It i s c o n si dered to be ton ic gi vi n g brigh tn ess

.
,

t o t he eye an d ac u te n ess t o th e h eari n g I t is al so co nsidered .

to be a n ti febri le an d di u re ti c F aber gi ves H E ? $12 ( Y en tz u

5 .
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ts ai ) as a ter m fo r P ot a m og e zo n polyg on zf oh zzs b u t t h is has n o t

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‘ ‘
,

bee n fo u n d m e n tio ned i n th e C h i n ese w ork s co n s u l ted E, .

( M a tsao ) i s u s u al l y co sidered be P ozm n o e f o zz oag l

yp yz ll u s
‘
-
n t o g ,

b u t t h i s i s n o t d is ti n g u ished i n t he P é m m o from rlfy i s ky l l u m ‘ '

spzca l u m See n zza r za s w am/ma l l s

' '

‘
. .

P O T E N TI LL A C R Y P TOTZE N I A m —fi
( La n g y )
a -
.

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th e root w h i ch i s o fii c i n a l i s said t o rese m bl e th e tooth o f a n

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an i m al h e n ce th e n am e wol f s tooth I t is very p oiso n o u s
,
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.
,

a n d is p rescri bed i n so m e o f th e El ( F en g ) diseases fo u l sores , , ,

a nd i n testi n al worm s V e n ereal a n d roden t sores arro w wo u nds

.
, ,

a n d sn ak ebi tes are also treated w i th i t .

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t h ick serrate leaf l igh t c olored o n t h e back rat her sm all a n d

, , , ,
35 0 C H I N ES E M A T E R I A M E D I C A .

o f w h ic h i s n o t very a ppa re n t Th e p o wder is ad m i n istered

.

i n rh e u m atic d i ffi c u l ties .

g a ( Y u n t ai s a n) Use seeds o f
’

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.
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-

d i ffi c u l ties I t i s said t h at the fi rst t h ree days a fter labor ca n

.

n ot safel y be p assed w i th o u t u si n g t h i s re medy .

F i v e Ye l l o w s P o w d e r ; 35 i ( W u h u a ng sa n) Tak e
,
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.

o f rh u barb bri msto ne fl o w e rs of s u l p h u r t u rm er ic a n d ga m

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boge eq u al p arts p o w der fi nel y a nd m ix w i th ra p e seed o i l to ,

be a p p l ied to sc a ly sk i n d iseases Thi s i s real l y a n oi n t me n t

.
,

b u t has th e n am e o f be i n g a p o w d er .

F o u r co mpou n d F ai ry A t r a cty l i s P o w d er ; U
-
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L
( S s ii ch i h hsie n sh u sa n )
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- -
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,

fo u r o u n ces ; d i vide i n to fo u r parts a n d d ec oct o n e part to ,

geth er wi th A s tragal u s h o a ngtc h y ; co mbi n e o n e part w i th

’
h or n et s a n d roas t dry ; bak e o n e part i n bra n u n ti l

d ry a n d com bi n e o ne p ar t w i th D e nd robi u m
, M i x t hese fo u r .

portio ns toget her a nd p o wde r Th is is val u ed i n th e treatm e n t

.

o f profu se p ers p i ratio n .

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) Th is - - -
.

c on ta i ns a s u bs ta n ce cal l ed 15 w } ( M u c h a n ss fi
) w h i ch - -
,

is descri bed as a fu n go u s gro w t h o n th e ca m p h or tree E q u al .

q u an ti ties of t h is o f l i corice M agn ol i a h y p ol e u ca A sar u m

, , ,

s i e bo ld i ,
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g in se n g P la tycod on gra nd iflo ru m a n d P atr i n i a v il losa are

, ,

po wdere d toge th er I t i s u se fu l i n carb u n cl es a nd i n al l sort s

.

o f c a rci n o mato u s and i n fected sores .

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- - ~ -
.

m ade of m al ted h ys pi d i a bea ns roasted an d p o wd ered I t i s u sed ,

i n m ar a s m u s an d l i k e d i fli c u l ti e s an d i s co n sidered to be n e fi t ,

t h e fi v e v iscera i n creasi n g secreti on a n d m ak i n g p l i a n t th e sk i n

,
.

a ti san )
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.

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rad iat u s eq u al parts, a nd po wd er

,
Th is i s u sed for t h e sa m e .

p u rposes for wh ic h m elon p ed u n cles are reco m m e nd e d .

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mei sa n ) Use ‘ -
.

t h e ker n e ls o f gree n Ca n ari u m seed se ve n i n n u m ber d r y a n d , ,

 V E G E T A B LE KI NG DO M .
35 1

po wd er fi ne w i th ou t ei ther roasti n g i n fi re or wash i n g i n water .

A lso tak e t w e n ty o n e of th e j ade b u t te rfly pl u m fl o wers ex

- -
,

cl u d in g th e p ed u n cles M i x t he p o w d ered kern els a n d th e

.

fl o w ers w i th t w o teaspoo n fu ls o f w h i t e h on ey i n t o a c on lee

ti o n. Th is gi ve n t o a c hi ld w i l l p reve n t s m all p ox o r i f alread y ,

i n fected th ere w i l l n o t co m e o u t m ore tha n t wo or th ree sm al l

s p ots o f er u p ti o n .

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‘ - - -
.

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p u l veri z ed m ixed wi th sal t a nd fi n el y p o w dered

, ,
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r u bbed d irectl y i n to th e t e m pl es o r m ixed w i th oi l a n d m ade ,

i n to a p om ad e for t h e sa m e pu r p ose .

[ u s ufl u t zou P ow d er ;
’

Ifit tlfi 5 k ( C h u i h o u sa n ) Ta k e 3 ‘ - -
.

l arge blac k dates r e m ove th e p i ts a nd p u t i n sid e a C h i n ese

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n u tgal l a fter h a vi n g rem oved t he w orm s from th e l at ter

,
.

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, ,

of m u d ba k i n g u n ti l d ry
,
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.

i ns u fli a ti o n p o w d er fo r al l d isea ses o f th e t hroat .

)
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,
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,
.

s u pp ress io n o f u ri n e .

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.

h al f a n o u n ce of N u x vom ica seeds place i n a n iron vessel an d ,

roas t i n a sa n d ba th u n ti l yel lo w ; th e n beat u p i n a m ortar ,

an d s i ft o u t al l coarse partic les A lso o f w i l d sesam u m seeds.

,

re m ovi n g th e h u sks a h al f o u n ce ; ol i ba n u m an d ba m boo

,

l eaves roasted d ry a h al f o u n ce ; p o w der al l fi n el y togeth er

,
.

T h is is for can cero u s sores a nd a bscesses a n d for th e rel ief of ,

pai n . Th e d ose i s o f c o u rse v ery l i m i ted i n q u a n ti ty on

, , ,

acco u n t o f th e p oison o u s ch arac ter of th e N ux vo m ica seeds .

P e r m ea zzug zlze s r i l P ow d e r ; ii i111}! fl ( T u n g s h é n

’ '
‘ ‘ ‘ -

sa u
)
. Use P h aseol u s m n n g o h u sks w h i te C h rysa n th em u m ,

flo w ers a n d E ri oc a u l on a u s tral e o f eac h eq u al parts

,
Th is i s
,
.

to be p o w d ered an d boi led togeth er w i th d ried p ersi m m on s an d

m i l let a n d u sed i n the treatm e n t of e ye di seases
, .

P r ol eetzug t/ P o wd er ; a 115 fi ( H u h si n san )

'

ze H ea r t - - .

Use P h aseol u s m u n go m eal on e o u nce ; ol i ba n u m one h al f , ,

-

o u n ce ; m i x togeth er a nd po wd er Th i s i s t o be t a k en w ith a .
 3 52 CH I N ES E M A T E R I A M E D ICA .

d e coct i o n o f l icor i ce i n cases of a bscess a n d wasti n g d u e to

d isc ha rg i n g sores .

R u bbi ng B r i g/z! P o w d e r
; 1 ( M o k u a n g san )
7 L 55
i - -
. P re
p ar e a p o w de r o f th e w i ld w ater ch es t n u t by a process si m i lar
t o th at u sed fo r p re p ari n g arro wroot p o w der A lso t ak e eq u a l .

parts o f C o p tis teeta P terocar p u s i n d ic u s S c u tellaria m a c

, ,

ra u th a s weet C h rysa n th em u m flo we rs a n d p e pp er m i n t
, F irs t , .

s tee p i n w a ter a n d e va p orate th e d ecoctio n a nd th e n ,

stee p i n ch i l d s u ri n e a n d eva p orate i n t he sa m e w a y a n d

’

m ix t h e t wo p o w ders ; also tak e a pearl a nd e n c lose i t i n a

pi ece o f bea n c u rd a n d boil after w h i c h po w der fi nel y Take , .

o n e o u n ce o f th e w ater ch est n ut p o w der on e ha l f o u n ce of th e -

,

secon d p re p arati o n a n d th ree ten th s o u n ce o f th e pear l p o w d er

,
-

m i x p o w d e r fi n el y a n d p u t i n to a p orcelai n bottle a n d cor k

, ,

t i gh tl y W h e n abo u t t o u se add a l i ttle B a ro o s ca m ph or a n d

.
,

d ro p th e p o w der i n to t h e eye Th is is co n sidered to be a .

re mark abl y e fli c a c i o us rem ed y i n al l for m s of o p aci ty o f t h e

cor n ea .

S a l v i a P ow d er ; fl g; a ( Tan s h é n sa n ) Th is i s S i m p l y - -
.

Sa lvi a p leb ia w ash e d c lean c u t i n s li ces d ried a n d p o w dered

, , ,

T h e d ose i s a fi fth o f an o u n ce to be take n i n w arm w i n e for

al l m e nstr u al d i ffi c u l ties w h eth er early o r l ate too m u ch o r
, ,

t o o l i ttle or i n p reg n a n cy to q u ie t i rri tati o n i n th e last w eeks

, ,

o r to correct th e d isch arges a fter del i ver y It is al so good fo r .

al l form s o f back ach e a n d pai ns i n th e bon es a n d j oi n ts .

S ev e n C o n d u r l a P ow d e r ; 4: g fi ( C h i l i sa n ) Use ‘ - -
.

d ragon bon e ( fig borax drago n s blood catec h u Ca n na bis

, ,
’
, ,

i n dica a n d F orsy th ia s u s p en sa o f each eq u al par t s ; p o w d er

, ,

fi n el y . T he dose is seve n c a n d a r i ns an d i s u sed i n th e treat ,

m e n t o f w o u nd s as a n a n od y n e .

S ev e n F a i r i es P o wd e r ; t 111 53 (
1 C h i h sie n tan
) A s ‘ - -
a .

t r a ga l u s h o a n g tc h y t w o o u n ces ; gi n se n g o ne o u n ce ; l icorice , ,

o ne hal f o u n ce ; P aris p oly p h y l la on e o u n ce ; p l u m flo w ers

-
, ,

o ne a nd a h al f o u nces ; M o n o c h a s m a sava tieri o n e o u n ce ; ,

h u ma n sk u l l bon e ( 33 fi fi ) o n e p iece al l p o w d ered to geth er ,

.

T h is is a rem ed y f o r p reven ti n g sm al l p ox a n d for m odi fy i n g

th e er u pti on .

S ev en P r eci ou s P o wd e r ; t fi fi ( C h i p ao san ) Use ‘ - -

r .

drago n bo n e eleph a n t s sk i n d rago n s bl ood gi n se n g G y n u ra

,
’
,
’
, ,
 VEG E T A B L E K I NG DO M .
3 53

p i ol iba n u m m y rrh a nd lak a wood al l powd ered to

n na t i fi d a , , , ,

ge th er Th i s is th o u gh t t o pro m o te h eal i n g i n w o u nds a nd

.
,

is a m il i tary m e n s re m ed y
’
.

Two F lo wer s P ow d er ; I f T E fifi ( fi rh h u a s a n
) Ta ke .
- -
.

el lo w pl u m flo we rs i n a n y q u a n t i t y a n d pea c h bl osso ms d ried

y
i n th e s h a de ; C rat ae g u s fr u i ts re m ove t h e seeds roast a n d , , ,

p o wd er ; a sm al l L u ff a c yl i nd r i c a d r i ed i n t h e sh a d e a n d ,

po wd ered ; ora n ge peel g i nse n g A stra g a l u s h o a n gt c h y l i co

, , ,

ri c e ver m i l i o n Pa r i s pol y p h y l l a M o no c h a s m a s a v a tie ra

, , , ,

s cal y a n t ea ter a h u m a n tooth pie ce o f s k u l l al l po wde re d

, , ,

t oge th er T h i s is o ne o f th e m a n y re m ed ies u sed i n th e

.

trea t m e n t o f s m a l l pox .

PRE M NA J A P O N IC A fl ( F u pei ) Th i s ter.m -

.
,
”
w orth less sl a ve g i rl i s a p pl i ed to th e flo wer of P /
-
,
za s eo l u s

m a n go th at o f P a t /
,
L ma n :
y a n d t o a s m al l tre e

w h ic h grows n ear th e sea s h ore T h i s las t h as a crooked ste m -

.
,

bea rs a yel l o w fl o we r a n d h a s a fet i d s m el l

,
I t i s n o t q u i te .

ce rt a i n w h i c h o f t h ese t h ree i s t h e d r u g m e n t i o n ed i n th e
P é zz s a a
‘
‘
z Fl o w ers a re e v id e n t l v re ferred to i n t h e d is c u ss i o n of
.

m ed i c i n al u ses A g u e fe ve r fluxes a lc o h o l is m a n d h e m o r
.
, , , ,

r h o id s are trea ted w i th i t .

P R U N E LL A V U LGA R I S, Hi I? ( H s i a k u -

B r u n ei /
’

See a w al a r zs
g .

P RU N U S A R M E N I AC A ( H si ng
) 3g mei )
.
,
-
.

T he a pr i co t i s said to h ave bee n i n d i ge n o u s i n S h a n s i I t is .

n o w c u l t i vated i n m a n y p a rts o f t h e c o u n try There are .

se veral v ar i e t i es as g n h s i ng) 7 } ( M u h s i ng
, ( C h i g ) [H g; 7 -
,
-
,

( S h a n hsi n g )
-
E ] g
7 ;
,( P a i hs i n g ) id ; as
( S h
-
a hs i n g ) lfi g (
7 ? M ,e i -
,
}

h s i n g) g , ( Lai hs i ng
) a nd
-
[L] ( J o u h s i n g)
, T h ese are -
.

a l l d ist i n g u i sh ed fro m eac h ot h er i n t h e P é zzts a o T h e fr u i t .

i s re gard ed as b e i n g so m e w h a t d el eter i o us a n d i f eate n i n ,

e x c ess i s th o u gh t to h ar m t h e bo n es a n d s i n e w s to pro mote ,

bl i nd n ess a n d fal l i n g o f t h e h a i r i nc l u d i n g th at o n t h e ey e ,

bro ws a n d t h e e } e l as h es t o be n u m b th e m e n tal fa c u l t i es a nd
-
, ,

to i nj u re part u r ie n t w o m e n I t i s co n sidered to p ertai n t o t h e

.

h ea rt a n d th ere fore sh o u l d be u sed i n c ases o f h ea rt d i s ease

,
.

D r ied a n d eate n i t i s th irst rel iev i n g a n d a n t i fe bri le

, T he
-
.
3 54 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

ker n el o f t h e seed 4 6 6 h as bee n m i stak e n f o r th e al m o nd

, , .

B ut t h e fa c t i s t ha t t h e k er n els o f th e apr i c ot a n d o f th e pea c h

are u sed i n C h i n a i n stead o f th e a l m o n d wh i c h i s m ore o r ,

l ess rare T h e ker n el i s c o n s id ered to b e so m e w ha t d el ete r i o us

.
,

a n d i t i s sa i d t ha t a d o u b le ke r n e l w i l l k i l l a m a n a n d m a y be ,

u sed to po i so n a d og O rd i n a r i l y th e c al y x o f th e a pr ic ot
.
,

flower i s fi ve p a rted b u t i f a s i x parted o n e i s fo u n d th e seed

-
,
-
,

w i l l c o n tai n a d o u ble k er n e l S ed at i ve t u s i c a n t i s pas m od i c

.
,
s
, ,

d e m u l c e n t pe c toral v u l ne r a r y a n d a n th el m i n t i c propert i es a re
, , ,

as c ri bed t o th ese k er n el s a n d a n u m b e r o f n ostr u m s are ,

pre pared w i th th e m a n d t h e y a r e pres c r i bed i n a great v a ri e tv o f

,

d i ffi c u l t i es A k i n d o f fat t y c o n fe c t i o n c al l e d
.

fig} ( H s i n g s u ) ,
-
,

i s m a de fro m th e k er n el s a n d t h ey are als o u sed toge th er w i t h

,

pea c h a n d ot h er k e r n el s i n prod u c i n g a k i n d o f bl a n d o i l c al l ed ,

7
5 { 2 ifl j ( H s i n g j é n y u
) O
-
n e for
-
m o f th
. e c o n fe ction i n wh ic h ,

i n ger a nd l i c or i c e a re c o m b i n ed w i th th e ker n el s i s u sed

g ,

as a t u s s i c a n d ex pe c tora n t re m ed y , w h i l e th e o t h e r w h i c h ,

i s p repared by a pro c e ss o f fer m e n t a ti o n i s m ore espe c i al l y ,

u sed a s a proph y la c t i c a n d to n i c A d e c o c t i o n c al led 75 f: ”37

.
,

si ng j én i s m a de by c r u sh i n g t h e bl a n c h ed ker n els i n
( H -

bo i l in g water w i t h t h e add i ti o n o f oth er d r u gs a n d fl av ori n g

,

i n gred ie n ts .Th i s i s sol d i n th e streets o f s o m e C h i n ese tow n s ,

m u c h as sassa fras t e a i s i n E u ropea n c i ties as a k i nd o f pt i sa n , .

I t i s g i ve n i n c o u gh s asth m a a n d c atar rh a l a ff e c t i o ns
, ,
Th e .

u i c e o f ap ri c ot k er n el s i s a d d ed t o r i c e co n gee a n d gi ve n i n
j
-
,

h e m orrh a ges th e ker n el s be i n g so m eti m es par c h e d beforeh a nd

, .

T h e y are also c r u sh ed a n d m a d e i n to a paste w h i c h i s appl i ed ,

t o th e ey e i n i n fla m m a t i o ns o f th at o rga n A pr i c ot fl owers are .

c o ns i dered to be to n i c a n d a re a w o m a n s re m ed y pro m ot i n g ’
,

fe c u nd i ty . Th e y are al so u s e d i n c os m eti c prep a rat i o n s Th e .

l eaves are re c o m m e n d e d i n de c o c ti o n fo r ple th ora t h e bra n ch es ,

i n i nj u r ies a nd t h e roo t is sa i d t o be a n t i d o t a l to th e po i so n of
,

t h e ker n els Th i s l a tter i ll u strates a pop ul ar bel i e f o f t h e

.

C h i n ese d o c tors w h o regard th e root o f a pla n t as th e pola r

,

a n ta go n i s t o f th e s te m a n d al l th a t is bor n e u po n i t s o t h a t i f ,

o n e i s po i so n o u s th e oth er w i l l f u r n i sh th e a n t i d ote
,
.

PRUN US C O M M U N I S A f zzj g zza / — ’

'

a 50 71 1 11 1 71 7 zzs
E E g
7 }
,
f .

( P a -t a n - h s i ng ) Th i s i s bro ug h t fro m M oha mm eda n c o un tries

.
,
 C H I N E S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

i n wate r t h e i n fus i o n gi ve n i n ty ph oid fe ver t o r el i e v e

a nd
” ”
t h irst . Th e w h i te p l u m s
“
a lso k n o w n as sal ted pl u m s ,
“
,

are m u c h rel is h ed as a savory p i c k l e a n d w i l l be fo u n d a t m o s t ,

C h i n ese feasts u n der t h e n a m e o f f f fig ( C li i n g m e i)

,
T he y ‘ -
.

are c r u sh ed a n d a ppl ied l o c al l y a s a sty pt i c i n i n c ised w o u n d s

,

i n c a n c er o f th e breast a n d are tak e n i n ter n al l y i n e p i l epsy

, ,

fl u xes a n d c h o l era i c a ff e c t io n s m e n orrh a g i a a n d th e l i k e

, , , .

T h e ker nel s o f th e seeds are c o n s idered s tre n gth e ni ng a n d

c ool i n g a n d a re c r u sh e d
,
m i xe d w i th v i n ega r a n d a p pl i ed
, ,

t o a fel o n o n th e fi n ger Th e flo wer s a re a d d ed t o va r i o u s

.

c o n gees a n d oth er pr e parat i o n s a n d a re t h o u gh t to i m prov e , .

t h e stre n gth g i v i n g q ual i t i es o f th ese

-
Th e le a ves are u s ed i n .

fl u x es a n d m e n orrh ag i a Th e r o ot i s pres c r ibed fo r c ol ds a n d

.

fl u xes a n d i t i s t ak e n t ogeth er w i th tha t o f th e pe a c h a n d o f

, ,

th e d o m e s t i c pl um a nd de c o c t ed i n wat er for a ba t h for a n e w

,
‘

bor n i n fa n t w i th th e r es u l t t h a t t h e i n fa n t wi l l re m ai n free
,

f ro m pr i c k l y h eat a n d b o i l s .

P RU N U S P E R S I C A — 1) |5 T h e pe a c h is i n d i ge n
.
r

o u s t o Ch i n a w h i c h is al s o s h o w n b y th e ch ar a c t er re p rese n t
,

i ng i t bei n g o ne o f th e fe w a n c i e n t u n c ha n ged c hara c t ers , .

f
Th e w ood o th e tre e is used i n for t u n e t e l l i n g a n d th is i s ,

i nd i cated b y th e c o m posi t i o n o f th e c ha ra c ter th e ri g h t h a n d

” ”
par t m e a n i n g o m e n a n d th e l eft m ea n i n g w ood
“
It is .

al so s u ggested th a t th e r i gh t s i de o f th e c h ara c ter m ea ns a

m i ll i o n a n d th at th is re fers t o th e pro li fi c c h ara c ter of th e tre e
,

as t o le a v es flowers a n d fr u i t
,
Th e variet i es of pea c h es i n
,
.

Ch i n a are very n u m ero us a n d m arvel o us stor i es are told i n ,

regard t o th e s i ze o f so m e o f th e fr u its A lso th e re is a n a cco u n t .

,

o f h av i n g grafted th e pea c h u po n pers i mm o n a n d p l u m trees ,

a n d prod u c i n g a m odi fi ed fr u i t I n th e for m er c ase i t is c al led .

C h a n d i n t h e latter
é U h ( Li ) ifi {gt ( M ei ‘

Q fi ( t i n t a o or -

t a o)
‘
.
I t i s sa i d th a t th e fr u i t i s h eat i n g a n d prod u c es fe ve r
i f tak e n i n e xcess I t i m proves th e c o m plex i o n a n d as a fr u i t
.
, ,

bel o ngs to th e l u n gs a n d sh o u l d be freel y u sed i n d iseases

of th a t orga n Th e l ate var i ety k n ow n as a
. s 195 ( T u n g ,

i s re c o m m e nded for th e feverish n e s s of w ork or a n xiety Th e .

k er n el o f th e seed 1 2 57 is o fte n c o m bi n ed w i th or s u bsti t u ted

, , ,

f or th e ker n els o f t h e apri cot seed a n d i t i s t h ese w h i ch h ave

, ,
 VEG E T AB L E KI NGDOM .
3 57

bee n m ista ke n for al m o n ds T h ey are reco m me nded for .

c o u ghs blood d i seases r h e u m atis m a m e n orr h oea ag u e post

,
-
, , , ,

part u m h e m orrh age a n d w or m s Cr u sh ed a nd m i xed wi th

,
.

h o ney t hey m a ke a n a p pl i c a t i o n fo r keep i n g th e h a n d s s m ooth

, ,

i f ap pl ied a t n i g h t T h e h a i ry pell i c l e o f t h e sk i n o f t h e fr u i t
.

is u sed i n h e m orrh ages a n d e vi l e fli uv i a T h e fr u i t w h i c h .

h a n gs o n t h e tree al l w i n ter a nd i s gath ered i n th e earl y

a n d in! M
s pr i ng i s c al led 195 ( T a o hsiao ) M5 1 ( T a o ) } S
‘ ‘
, g 2 n u -
,
-
,

”
Sh A n ot h e r n a m e m ea n s de m o n s sk u ll These ’
( e “
n .

a re regarded as sl igh tl y dele te r i o u s a nd h ave th e powe r o f ,

ove rco m i n g e very k i nd o f de m o niac i n fl ue n c e a n d o f rel i ev i n g .

m a n y sorts of n e u ral g i c a nd rh e u ma t i c pai n s Pro fuse s wea t .

i n g i n c h i ld re n h e m orrha ge i n pre g na n t w o m e n a g u e s c ald

, , ,

h ead a n d sic k ness fro m t h e over i n gest i o n o f pea c hes are al l

,
-

trea ted w i th th ese T he fl o wers o f th e peac h tree are s u pposed

.

to h ave so m e s u per na t u ra l pow e r i n d r i vi n g a w ay th e de m o n

o f i l l h eal th gi v i ng a good c ol or to t h e co m pl ex i o n a nd rej o ic
, ,

i n g th e co u n te na nce T h e y are regard ed as d i u reti c ver m i

.
,

fuge a n d q uie ti n g a n d t he y are ap pl ied lo c al l y i n fa v us a nd

, ,

ac n e a nd as a cos m e t i c
,
Th e lea ves 1 2 59 are regard ed as .
, ,

parasi ti c id e a n t i febr i l e a nd astr i nge n t a nd a re pres c ribed i n

, , ,

ty ph oid a nd ot h er fe vers as a d i u re ti c a n d c orrec ti ve r em ed y ,

a nd i n ch olera The bark o f th e tree a n d root 1 2 58 a re bot h

.
, ,

u sed ,
b u t pre fere n ce is gi ve n to t h e l atter a n d espe c i al l y to ,

th e bar k o f th at root exte n d i n g to ward th e east O n l y th e .

w h i te i n n er bar k i s e m pl oyed I t i s co nsid ered to be p ro .

ph y la c ti c parasi ti c id e a n d q u ie ti n g
, E x tre m e j a u n d ice
, .
,

e p id e m i cs a nd d ropsy a re spec i al i n d i c a ti o n s for i ts u se

, Th e .

pea c h g u m ( Mg 52 T a o c h iao ) is also used as a seda t i ve ,

‘ -
,

al tera t i ve astr i n ge n t a n d de m ul c e n t re m ed y
, Pea c h wood
, .
-

sl i ps file 2113 ( T ao fu) are u sed a s c h ar m s aga i nst e v i l s pi rits

,
‘
-
, .

Th ese are so m e ti m es a fli xe d to th e l i n tel s of th e d oor or t h e ,

l i n tel i s m ade o f pea c h wood Pos ts o f pea c h wood c a l le d . -

,

fit ( ) are also se t o u t abo u t t h e h o use for th e

‘
T ao c h u eh -
,

sa m e p u rpose T he e p i ph y te gro wi n g o n t he peac h tree fit 5

.

fig ( T ao c h i s h é ng) i s sa i d to parta ke o f th e m ed i c i n al p rop

‘ - -
,

e r t i e s o f th e tree as d o also t h e gr u bs 1915 g ( T a o t u) w h i c h

,
‘ -
, , ,

i n fest th e w ood The iii] M2 ( Y u t ao ) i s th e n e c tari n e a nd

.
- ‘
,

£5 ? iJ l ( P i n g t ao
) a n d fa t M 3 ( H o t ao ) are th e n a mes o f a flat
’ ‘ ‘
E - -
358 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M E D iC A .

v a riet y o f ex cel le n t flavor a n d o f fore ig n orig i n

, The pea c h es .

o f H o n a n provi n c e are espec ial ly o f fi n e q u al i ty a nd fl avor .

Th e d i fli c u l tv i s tha t th e C h i n ese al mos t n e ver al l o w th e fr u i t

t o r i pe n o n t h e tree b u t pl u c k a n d ea t i t q u i te g r ee n
,
For m er .

l y a sor t of v i n egar w as m ad e fro m th e p u l p o f r i pe peac h es . .

P R U N U S P S E U D O C E R A S U S m —fi jglg ( Y i n g -

Th is th e C h i n ese or bastard c h erry i s very s i m ilar to th e

,
-
,

E uropea n k i n d b u t d i ffers fro m i t i n h a v i n g i ts flow e rs gro w

,

i n ra c e m es i n stead o f i n fas c icl es a n d i n th e ste m s be i n g

, ,

h a i ry . Th e c lass i c al n a m e i s 43 iii? ( H a n Th e l a rge ,

s wee t c h err i es a re c al led 5 fig (Y a i m i) Th e fr u i t i s said to '

-
.

h ar m o n i ze th e c e n ters to be n e fi t t h e dispos i t i o n a nd to g i ve
, ,

a good c o m pl ex i o n a n d a h ope fu l w i l l I t preve n ts th e l oss o f .

V i r i li t y a n d c h e c ks fl u xes Th e l ea ves o f th e tre e are br u ised

.

a nd appl i ed i n s nak e bi te Th e root o n t h e east s id e of th e

.

tree i s good i n p i n w or m s Th e t w igs are r u bbed toge ther .

w i th S a l t/m i c: n a Za /zs G l ed zts c/ czzza l zs a n d p i c k led pl u m s

'

fi
' ' '

zza o , ,

a n d u sed as a n a
pp l ic a t i o n fo r fre c k les Th e flo wers .

are also u s e d a s a c os m et i c Th e fr u i t o f th e ch erry i s o fte n

.

p reserved w i t h h o n e y a nd u sed as a s weet m eat -

.

P RU N U S S P I N U L O SA 7 k ( L i n m u) Th i s i s a n .
-
.

i de n t i fi c a ti o n o f Faber s b u t u po n w h a t a u th o ri t v h e d oes n o t
’

state . Th e P é n f s a o g i ve l i ttl e d es c r i pti o n o f th e tree e x

s c ept to ,

sa y th a t i t i s a l arge tree grow i n g i n th e m o u n ta i n o u s d istr i c ts

o f Ce n tral C h i n a th a t i t bears a w h i te fl owe r a n d th a t i ts w ood
, ,

i s u sed i n d ye i n g bro w n a n d th e l eaves are s o m et i m es d istil le d

,

w i th sp i r i ts R i c e i s c ook ed wi t h th e l ye fro m t h e ash es o f

.

th i s tree a n d eate n to c ure d ys peps i a a n d i n test i n a l w or m s

,
.

P R U NU S TOM E N TO SA — U j fl ”; fzj lg ( Sh a n y i n g . J
'
-

fie H (E C h u Z j f (
—é i ls L i
l if; H (
} E M ei Th i s c herry
d oes n o t h a ve a good taste so i t i s n o t m u c h ea te n I t h as
,
.

th e sa m e q u al i ties a n d m ed i c i n al u ses as t h e ord i n ary c h erry .

P RU NU S T R I FL O RA P r a m /r d om es l i m ( ) $5
L i 5E ,
.
,

c h ara c ter fo r th i s pl u m i s
( C h ia ch i n g tz u
) A l th o gh th e
‘
- -
u .

very o ld th e tree is n o t m e n t i o n ed as be i n g i n d i ge n o u s t o
,

C h i na b u t o n th e oth er h a n d th e eq u i vale n t Sa n s c ri t n a m e o f
 3 60 C H I NE S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

But t h e de s c r i pt i o n g i ve n i n t h e P é /zts a o a n s we rs wel l e no u g h

to P l an s Th e re i s so m e c o n fo u nd i n g o f t h e ge n u s w i th
.

Os mzu za a
’
The th al l us a n d root st ock are both ea te n a n d used
.

n re d i c i n a ll y a n d th ey a re s weet
, n ru c i l a g i n o u a nd c ool i n g s
, .
.

The y ex pe l fe ver be n e fi t th e wa ter pas s a ges a n d pro m ote

, ,

s ee p To n i c prope rt ies a re also a s c r i bed to th e m ; j: [ I .

é fi ( C h i n g k o u pie n ts a o
‘
) [E L E g ( Fe n g w e i tsa o ) fi] : E
- -
‘
- -
,
, g

E (: H u n g m a o ts a o
) n d ‘i
gé ll
? )
E ( W u k u ng ts a o ) 1 4 6 1 a re
‘
-
a ,
, ,

o th er n a m es for P l er zs b u t a re n o t d i st i n g u is h ed i n th e P e n /m o
, .

7k fl ( S h u i c h ueh ) i s C er a l op tem s
'

a nd is m u c h
-

estee m ed as a food Th e root sto c k h as a sl i gh tly bi tte r tast e

.
-
,

a n d i t i s re ga rded as e l i n ri na t i v e a n d is used i n c o n s t i pat i o n .

PT E RO C A R PU S S A N TA L I N U S $2: (Tz ii .

T h i s i s d es c r i bed i n th e P é n ts a o u n d er th e a rt i c l o n S a n /a l u m e

a l bu m .T h e C h i n ese d o n o t d isti n g u i sh c learl y be t wee n t h is

r e d s a m m e m a n d sa nd al w ood
’
I t i s n o t g r o w n i n C h i na b u t
-
.
,

c o m es fro m th e reg i o n o f th e K u n l u n m o u n ta i ns a nd i s n o t ,

fra gr a n t l i k e t h e sa n d al w ood M r E i te l ( H a nd book of . .

C h i n ese B u d d lri s nr) g i ve s f a zl apa r f zz o r r a f da t c/ as

’ '

’
za u a a zza

Sa n s c r i t n a nre s o f t h is wood H e al so s peak s o f a k i n d o f .

c opper bro w n sa ndal w ood u nde r th e S a n s c r i t n a m e o f g o s zr c /

’

- -
za

t e/ w h i c h i s re n dered i n to C h i n ese as 4: fi jfi jg: ( N i u

’ ‘

za n a a u a ,

sh o u c ha n
- Th e sa u n d ers w ood bei n g o f a red c ol or i s
c o n sid ered a bl ood re m ed y ; t h ere fore i t i s used i n w o u n ds
u l c ers ,
a nd t h e l i ke to ch e c k he morrh age a nd s u pp ura t i o n
, .

I t is n ot u sed for a n y th i n g else .

P T E R O C A R Y A ST E N O PT E RA ( C h u
) f$ $9“ .
,

( C h u li u)
-
.H e n ry th u s id e n t i fi es th i s tree as i t grow s i n

H u peh .I n o th e r par ts o f C lri u a a nd i n J apa n th e fi rs t n a m e

i s appl ied to a n e lm l i k e tree th e w ood o f w h i c h i s h i g h l y
-
,

v al u ed fo r nra ki n g boxes a nd tables I n t h e la tter co u n try .

th i s i s i d e n ti fi ed as Ul m u s é ea k z o r Z el é owa é ea kr Th e see d
’ ’

vesse ls o f th is l ook l i k e s m al l coi ns a n d th e co u n try peo p le ,

u s e th e leaves as a s u bs ti t u te for tea Th e des c r i pti o n i n th e .

P é n ts a o is ve ry fa u l ty a nd d oes no t d isti n g u i sh betw ee n t h ese

-
,

s o th e i d e n t i fi c a t i o n o f H e n ry i s here ad opted Th e b a rk o f .

t h e tree i s u sed i n m ed i ci ne a nd i t i s d i rected t h a t i t sh a l l be

,
 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDOM .
361

t ake n fro m th e wes t h al f o f a tre e over t we n ty y ears old I ts .

a c t io n is sa id to be a n t i febri le a nd astr i n ge n t a nd i s pres c ri bed ,

i n d yse n tery a n asarca a n d c onj un c tiv i tis

,
The lea v es are
,
.

u sed l o c all y i n erod i ng u l c ers .

P U E RA R I A — g ( K 0) P a olzy r /
zziz n s t/
'

. . See zn n bor za n n s
g .

P ULS A TI LL A .
~ -
See A n e mo n e oor n n a .

PU N IC A G RA N A TU M —§ E IE is ( A n sh i h Th e .
- -
l i u) .

om eg r a n a t e i s n o t i n d i ge n o u s to C h i n a b u t was i n trod u c ed by
p ,

t h e fa m o us ge n eral C ha n g C h i e n ( c ir c a B C fro m K ab u l . .

o r Parth i a as i nd i c ated by t he fi rst t w o c h a rac t ers

,
T he l ast .

c h aracter i s ex pla i n ed by r ig a t u m or or w e n a n d re fers to th e, ,

appeara nce o f th e fr u i t w h e n b u rst ope n Th ree k i n ds are .

spok e n of i n th e P é n l s a o a red flo were d a yel l ow flo we re d ,

-
,
-
,

a nd a w h i te flo we red bear i n g s wee t so u r a nd bi tter fr u its

-
, , ,

respe c ti vel y T h e l as t is cal led Ll] E is ( S h a n sh i h l i u)

.
- -
,

w h i c h n a m e is also referred t o u n der th e arti c l e o n R/ zo d oa e n

'

d r o n i n d zom n a n d m a y re fer to th at sh r u b S everal var i et i es

'

are a lso me n tio n ed a n d t h e pl a n t is m u c h c ul ti vated by

,

C h i nese garde n ers for i ts fl owers ; so m e very bea u t i fu l o n es

be i n g prod u c ed a m o n g w h ic h i s o ne beari n g large w h i te
,

fl owers .
T h e red fr u i t b u rsti n g ope n a nd re veal i n g i ts ,

n u m ero u s seeds i s co m pared to a g ri n n i n g m o u t h sh o w i n g th e

,

t eeth . Th e fr u i t i s m u c h rel ish ed by th e C h i n ese w h o ,

a l ways see m t o h ave spare ti m e e n o u gh to d evote to th e

i ngestio n of po m e gra nates a n d m el o n seeds Th e s wee t .

po megra n a te i f eate n i n excess i s s a i d to i nj u re th e l u n gs

, ,
.

I t is th i rst rel ievi n g a nd is prescri bed i n caked breas t a n d

-
,
-

w or m s . Th e fr u i t of th e s o u r k i nd i s u sed i n fl uxes fro m th e

bowels coli c m e n orrh ag i a a n d le u corrh oea
, ,
Th e peel ,
.
,

is astri n ge n t a n d is u s ed i n d yse ntery se m i n al l osses paral yses

, , , ,

i n co ord i nat i o n i n the m us c l es i n testi n al w or m s prol a pse o f , ,

t he rec t u m a n d fl u xes of al l k i n ds Th e east ward exte n d i n g

,
.
-

root i s a n th el m i n ti c a nd astr i n ge n t I t i s used i n d iseases of .

t h e m o u th o r g u ms i n th e d iseases f or w h i c h t h e pee l i s u sed

, ,

a n d i n d y es for t h e h ai r or w h i skers T h e fl owers 1 1 54 i f .

, ,

dr i e d p u l verized m ixed w i th i ro n a nd take n for a year c a u se

, , , ,

th e ha ir t o t u r n w h i te Th ey are also s ty pt ic a nd astri n ge n t

. .
 6
3 2 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

PYC N O ST E L M A C H I N E N S I S ggr( H su c h a ng .
-
‘

c h i ng )
‘
Th i s i s co n fo u n d e d i n t h e [ é n l s a o w i t h [ Vla er oel zn zl
.

’
’
a zn rn b u t th e l at ter i s a c o m posi te pla n t w h i le ,

th is is a n ascle piadaceo us o ne T h e n a m e o f t h e pla n t is .

properl y th e n a m e o f a m a n a fa m o u s ph ys i c ia n fo r wh o m th e
,

pla n t was na m ed Th e des c r i pt i o n i s n o t very c h ara c ter

.

i s ti c Th e root is said to rese m bl e tha t o f A s a r u m

.

Th e taste o f th e d r u g i s a c r id a n d i t is so m e w h a t d ele ter i o u s .

I t i s u sed i n d ri vi n g a wa y ev i l e fflu v i a i n t h e treat m e n t o f ,

m aras m u s a n d fo r th e p u r pose o f q u i eti n g n ervo u s a ff e c ti o ns

, ,

a nd i s a lso re c o m m e n ded i n car a n d sh i p s i c k n ess vert go

( i ) .

PY RO L A R O TU N D IF O L I A Py r ol a m ed i a —E {H 5fi ,
’

( L u ti -
7 6 4 Th i s.t o zn l erg r ee n is fo und i n s i m i l ar
l ocal i ties i n C h i n a to th ose o c c u p i ed b y i t i n A m eri c a Th ere .

i s n o t m u ch d escr i pt i o n o f i t T h e pla n t is br u i sed a n d .

a ppl i ed to w o u nds to s ta u n c h h e m orrh age a nd i t is also ,

a ppl ied to serpe n t d o g a n d i nse c t bi tes

, ,
.

£ ( T a g l i ) A lso cal led 2 ‘

PY R U S
B A CC A T A n .
-
.

P y r n s oe zn l e f ol za Th i s i s a s m all c oarse pear or i g i n all y

'

,
.

grow i ng w i ld i n m o u n ta i n o u s d i stri c ts It i s n o t fi t to ea t .

u n t i l after h eav y frost There a re tw o var i e t ies a swee t a nd

.
,

a so u r bear i n g w h i te a nd red flowers respect i vel y

,
Th e w ood .

o f th e red variety is also red a n d i s g ood fo r m ak i n g bows ,

.

Th e l ea v es o f t h is tree are so m eti m es pi c k led a n d eate n o r ,

u sed as a s ubsti t u te fo r tea Th e flowers also c a n be roas ted

.

a n d eate n or gro u n d u p a n d m ad e i n to c a kes

,
Th ese are .

said to be n e fi t th e m uscl es Th e fr u i ts i f baked are sa i d to

.
, ,

c ure m u co u s d i arrh oea T h e t wi gs a nd leaves are prescr i bed

.

i n ch olera a n d c h olera i c d i ffi c ul ties i n cl u di n g cra m ps a n d ,

col ic a nd i n vo m i ti ng
,
.

P Y R U S C A T H A Y E N S IS —7 [c [ 1& ( M u k ua ) 8 6 6 Th is .
-
,
.

is th e sa m e as Cy d on za S i n e n s i s Th e C h i n ese ter m is u sed i n

'

th e so u th for Ca meo p ap ay a B u t i n th e n orth the n a m e is a p

.

pl i ed t o th e q u i n ce a nd t h e descr i pt i o n i n th e P en ts a o evide n tl y
,

re fers to th i s fr ui t al th o u gh so m e o f th e var i et i es m e n tio ned

,

ma y refer to C a r zea A n a n c i e n t n a m e fo r th e q u i n ce i s
'

.
 364 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

PYRUS M A LU S — 7H ( lg ( L i n g ( N ai ) 315 j g
.
,

( Lai 2 fi : ( H a h u ng
) T h is is d isc u ssed i n th e P é n zs a o
‘

2 ]
g u -
.

u n der t w o art i c les to w h i c h are attach ed th e fi rs t a n d se c o n d

,

ter m s respe c t i vel y The Lin is also cal led j g fit EB

.

W n l i n l a n g k u o ) beca u se i t is sa i d th at a m a rr n a m e d Wé n
( e - - -
,

L i n la n g fo un d a tree floa ti n g i n t h e ri ver a nd took i t u p a nd

-
,

pla n ted i t prod u c i n g th is fr u i t

,
I n th e so u th i t i s c o n .

fo unded w i th t he fri l? ( wen p o) There are t wo var i et i es

a " -
.
,

a s wee t ripe n i ng ear ly a nd a so u r ri pe ni n g later

,
There , , .

are also several v arie ties d ist i ngu ish ed by t h e col or o f th e

fr u i t Th e r i pe appl es are cr u sh ed dried p u l v erised a n d
.
, , ,

m ade i n t o a d ecoctio n called H t ffi 22 ( L i n ch i n w h i ch -

‘

i s u sed by B udd h ist pr iests Th ese f r ui ts are also so m e ti m es .

c o n fo u nded w i th Cr a taeg u s I f eate n i n ex cess th e fr ui ts are .

,

said to de press t h e ci rc u lat io n M ed i c i nal l y t h ey are said to .

,

d ispel gas d issol v e m uc us a nd c ure fl uxes

,
T he root is c o n ,
.

s id e re d a n thel m i n t ic t h irst re l ie v i n g a n d sl ee p pro m ot i n g

,
-
,
.

Th e N a z is also cal led c h see m s t o

fi (
'

P i n w h i ‘

re prese n t a Sa n scri t n a m e b u t i s also said t o be u sed i n th e ,

n orth . The fr ui t i s fo u n d pri n ci pal ly i n th e n ort her n prov i nces ,

’

is lar ger th a n th e L l n a nd is fo u n d i n wh i te red a n d , ,

ree n vari eties a n d also a w i n ter variety w h ich is pearl c olored

g , , .

T h e fr u i t is co nsidered to be sl i gh tl y d el eter i o us prod uci ng ,

flat u le n ce a n d c o ns um pti o n a nd i f ea te n by th e sick i n creases ,

t h e di ffi c ul ty To n i c a n ti febri l e a n d c o ns tr ucti v e properties

.
, ,

are attri b uted to th is fr u i t Py r n s l a men tos a is i n cl u d ed .

a m o ng th ese P zn p o is also applied to S ter eu l za Za neeola ta

’ '
‘ -
‘
.
,

a nd y i n k uo) is a ter m appl ied t o t h e lar ge

r ( P ree
‘
-
g n , ,

c u l ti v ated apple .

PY R U S S I N E N S I S ( )
Li Th is i s th e co mm o n . .

C h i n ese pear w h ich is very si m i lar to o ur Pyr u s eomm n n zs

’

.
,

T h ere are m a n y v arieties of w h i c h th e bes t is th e Q 52 ( Pai ,

7

li ) or w h ite pear Th e fr ui t i s s mal l gl ob ul ar yel l ow ish

.
, ,

w h ite a nd has th e a ppeara n ce of a n a pple

,
I t is very savory .

A large w h ite pear th e size of a fi s t is calle d $2 ( Y ii l i )

, ,
-
,
”
I m per ia l pear h as a crisp flesh is very j ui cy a nd is o f
, , ,

fi ne flavor T he id; 552 ( Sh a l i ) is a c oarser k i nd b ut i n m u c h

.
7
-
,

favor w i t h t h e C h i nese i n a ll parts of th e e m pire I t bakes .

 VEGE T AB L E K I NGDOM .
365

well b ut rs scarcely fi t to ea t i n t h e ra w s t a t e
, T h e pear h as .

bee n k now n i n C h i na fro m v ery a n c i e n t ti mes a n d is probabl y ,

i n di ge n o us I t wa s i n trod uced i n to I nd ia a nd J apa n fro m

.

C h i n a a n d m a y h ave bee n c arried to oth er parts o f th e w orl d

, .

Th e c harac te rs ( )
L i and $ 2 ( T a g ) are ge eric a n d th e
‘
7 n n ,

for m er i s very a n cie n t Th e e ati n g o f th e fr u i t i n th e cool

.

weather is th o u gh t to prod u ce w ea k n ess ; a nd th ose s u ff eri n g

fro m w o u nd s n u rsi ng w o m e n a n d th e a nae m i c sh o uld n ot ea t
, ,

it . I t i s co nsidered t o be a n ti febril e , pep ti c q uiet i ng to th e ,

n er v es a n d l u br icat i n g t o th e l un gs
,
Th e fl owers are used .

i n cos m etic preparatio n s t h e lea ves are astri n ge n t a nd th e

, ,

bark is a n tiseptic .

A k i n d of w i ld pear i s cal led E 52 ( L n l i ) fit 552 ( S h u l i ) -

,
-
,

a nd 1
[ ] $2 ( S h a n l i ) T h e fr
-
u i
. t is as large as a n apri c ot th e ,

l ea f l ooks l ike a tea lea f a nd th e roo t is abo u t th e s i ze o f a

-
,

th um b Th e fr u i t i s used i n dyse n tery a nd t h e bark of th e

.
,

root is u sed as a n astri nge n t i n wo u nd s a n d i tc h .

A n oth er k i n d is ca l led 1? £ 72 ( S h a t a n g k uo
) I t gr ows ‘
- -
.

i n Li ng na n bears a yell ow fl ower a n d red f r u i t w h ich tastes

, ,

l i ke a p l um b u t h as n o pi t ,
T h e f r u i t i s reco m me nded for
.

” ”
water ( S h a
“
d iseases Stil l a n ot h er i s cal led in?
. n

a nd i t grow s i n K i a n gna n Th e fr u i t does n ot r i pe n u n ti l

.

w i nt er h as a so u r taste a nd t h e seeds are q u i te h ard

, ,
I f eate n .

ra w i t c u res d iarrh oea a nd w h e n ri pe c ures co u gh

, ,
.

PY R U S S P E CT A B I LI S —;lfi $2 ( Ha i 15 { I (H a i
1 .

h u ng ) Th is fr uit is said to co m e origi nal l y fro m H s i n lo

.

n ish es l arge q u a n ti t ies ; b u t th e bes t

( K orea ) S zec h u a n.f u r
k i n ds co m e fro m K ia ngna n I t is a lo ng ste m med crab apple .
-
,

red a nd so u r I t bears a bea u ti fu l red fl o wer I ts m ed ici na l

. .

u ses are l i m ited to bei n g reco m me n ded i n fl u xes .

366 C H I NE S E MA T ER I A M ED I C A .

Q U E R CU S — M ore . t h a n forty s pe c i es o f Q u e r en s ha ve

bee n fo u n d i n C h i n a b u t i de n t i fi cat i o ns o f t h e C h i nese n a m es

m
,

are ex c eed i n gl y u nsati s fa c t ory i f: ( Ts o) fig ( L i)

.
l ( u) fig
H , , ,

u ) a n d fit ( H s i a n g ) are a l l c h ara c ters spe c i fi c al l y appl i ed t o

( C h ,

th is ge n us b u t th ey are o fte n used i n co m b i n at i o n w i th ea c h

ot he r a n d w i th oth er c h aracters i n d i ff ere n t parts of t h e e m pire
, ,

t o i n d i ca te d i ffere n t s pe c ies Th e fi rst ch ara c ter i s ge n eri c

.

b u t n o t c o mm o n Th e se c o n d i s re ferr e d to Q n e r ens s c r e a m
.

t h e th i rd t o Q n er on s d e n t a ta th e fo urth t o Q n er ezzs s el e r opfzy lla

a n d Q n e r en s l zn m ; t h e fi ft h is Q n er cn s S i n en s i s b u t i s
g z
,

al so a ppl i ed to t h e a c or n s of t h e g fi ( L i) O th er c h ara c ters .

ap pli ed t o th is ge n u s are $33 $23] ( H s u ) H ( C h u) ,

»
,

H i W ( S n ) ( C h,
i a ng
) m( ) Y u l fi
l l ( C h o u
, ) ( E on
) ,
-
, ,

a nd
$] ( )
5 K O Th. i s array o f c h a ra c ters i n d i c a tes a w id e ra n ge
o f ter m i n ology i f o n ly t h ey were S pe c i fi c al l y ass i g n ed to
,

de fi n i te spe c i es .S i nc e i de n t i fi c at i o ns are so d i flflc u l t i t w i l l ,

o n l y b e poss i bl e to fol l ow th e P en t s a o i n i ts var i o us acco u n ts of

th e trees o f t h is ge n u s a n d t he i r prod u cts .

( C h u t z ti -
) Th i s . i s a n evergree n o a k s m aller th a n ,

t h e if, ( H sia ng ) Th ere are tw o k i nds t h e bi tter a nd th e

.
,

s weet a n d t h e la tter is ed ible

,
Th e leaves are l i k e t h ose
.

o f th e c h est n u t po i n ted t h ick a nd S h i n i n g w i th dee p serra

, , , ,

ti o ns . Th e s wee t a c or n s a re s m a l ler th a n th e b i tter a n d ,

th e gra i n o f th e w ood i s fi n e a nd t he w ood w h i te Th e .

a c or n s are c al led fig( M i e n c h u) Q u er en s g l a n on

-
,
I n th e
c ase o f th e b i t t er var i e ty t h e grai n o f th e w ood is coarse a n d
,

red giv i n g th e n a m e fill $53 ( H s ii eh c h u) Q n er en s ( zen /n

,
-
,

o r bl a c k ,
w h e n i t i s c al le d ifi fig ( T i eh c h u ) T h e w ood ‘ -
.

i s u s ed fo r m a k i n g p i l lars for h o uses a n d coffi ns beca u se ,

i t d oes n o t eas i l y de c ay Th e i ngesti o n of t h e acor n s i s c o n

.

s i d e re d t o be h ig h l y be n e fi cial be i n g n o u r i sh i n g rel ievi n g

, ,

th i rst a nd c h eck i n g d i arrh oea A d e c octi o n of th e bark a n d

, .

l eaves i s u sed t o ch e c k h e m orr ha ge i n p u er peral w o m e n ,

a n d te n der y o u n g leaves are a ppl ied t o ch ro n i c u l c ers

,
Th e .

sw eet a c or ns are also call ed £ ] 3g ( K o u l i ) a nd i £ 1 4

( C h -
ao 3
‘

k o u tz fi )
-
.
 368 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

provi nc es a nd i ts w ood was said t o h ave bee n u sed by t h e

,

Pers i a ns f o r m ak i n g sh i ps The bark is u sed m ed i c i nal l y a n d

.
,

i s c o nsidered to be sl igh tl y deleterio u s I t is regarded as a .

d rasti c a n d is u sed i n asc i tes

,
.

z ii )
Q UI S Q U A LI S I N D IC A g 3 (
3 S h i h ch u n t. 1 1 45
- -
, .

I t is sai d t h a t a fa m o us p h ysi c i a n n a med 35 {i E ( K u o Sh i h

c h ii n ) m ade a s pecial ty o f trea ti n g c h i ldre n s d iseases a nd ’
,

e x te n s i vely used th is dr ug fo r th e p u rpose ; t h ere fore i t w as

gi v e n h is n a m e I t is a co m bretaceo us pl a n t w h i c h or i gi nall y
.

ca m e fro m th e so u th b u t is n o w gro wn i n F u k ie n I t i s n o t
,
.

d i fli c u l t o f c u l tivati o n i s a cl i m bi n g v i ne gro wi n g u po n trees

,

or poles a nd h as gree n l ea ves rese mbl i ng th ose o f A m zzflzo

,

p a na x . I n th e fi f th m o n t h i t bears a b u n ch o f fi ftee n or twe n ty

red fl o wers The fr ui ts a re abo u t a n i n ch or a n i n c h a nd a h al f

.

l o n g o bl o n g poi n ted a t both e nd s w i th a sl igh t ob l iq u i ty a n d

, , , ,

s h arp l y pe n tago n al T h e peri c arp is s m o oth h ard th i n b e

.
, ,

t wee n th e r i d ges o f a dark bro wn o r bla c k col or

,
a n d e n c l os ,

i ng a n oi ly seed w i t h t w o coty ledo ns w h i c h sh o u l d be o f a ,

y ello w c ol or Th e taste i s by n o m ea n s u n pleasa nt

. Fr u i ts .

s h ow i n g a n y si g ns of d eh is c e nce or a t a l l wor m eate n s h o u ld , ,

be rej e c ted T he pri n cipal property o f t h e d r u g i s th at o f a safe

.

a n d e ffi c ie n t ver m i fu ge I t is sa id to c u re t h e h u nd red d is eases

.

of ch i ldre n o f w h i ch i t is sa fe to say tha t i n C h i n a fro m seve n ty

,

t o n i n ety are d ue to a n i m al parasi tes Th e 73? ( K a n) d isease .

m m P i e n larged abdo m e n i n
aras us ) a n d th e
fl (
‘
( ,

c h ildre n bot h of w h i c h are d u e to i n test i n a l wor m s are

, ,

s uc c ess fu l ly treated w i th i t I t i s also g i ve n i n th e d i arrh oeas

.

a nd le u corrh oeal d i s c harges o f ch i ld re n wh ich l ike w ise are ,

f req u e n tl y d u e to n e m atod e i n fe c t i o n M a c er a ted i n oil i t .

,

i s appl i ed to paras i tic sk i n d i seases Fo ur or fi v e seeds .

,

roasted a n d e ate n o n t h e fi rst m or n i ng of th e m o n t h be fore

tak i n g food is th e us ua l m eth od o f ad m i n isteri n g th e dr u g to
,

C h i n ese c h ildre n a nd t h is seld o m fa i ls to ex pe l wor m s

,
Fe w .

c h i ldre n are bro u gh t to th e m issi o n h ospital s for s i m ple w or m

i nfe c tio ns T h ere are t wo reaso ns w h y t h is is so : n a mel y
. ,

th at the C h i n ese h ave s uch a n ex cel le n t ver m i fu ge i n t hese

fr ts beca se th ey bel ieve t ha t wor m s
’ '

Q u zs q zza l zs u i a n d u ,
a re

n ecessary i n th e process of d igest io n especi al ly to voracio us ,

 VEGE T AB L E K I NGDOM .
369

a nd o mn i v oro us c h ildre n T he creeper i s th e [ 121 725 v e r m i/ug e

.

of th e M a u r i ti us w here th e dr ug h a s ca u sed sp a s m s a nd
,

o th er il l e ff e c ts w h e n g i v e n i n q u a n ti ties of m ore th a n fo u r or
fi v e fr u its
. A ccord i ng to D r Wari n g s a c co u n t i n th e I n d ia n
.
’

P har macopoe i a i n th e M ol uccas t h e d r u g h as l o n g e nj oyed a

,

h i gh rep u te as a n a n t h el m i n tic H e says t h at th e sca n d e n t

.

sh r u b i s m et wi th i n B ur m a t h e M al ay a n ar c h i pelago a nd i n
, ,

gard e ns i n I n d ia w h ere i t is c al led th e R a n goo n cree pe r

,
. He
reco mm e nds th at fo u r or fi ve o f t h e seeds be br ui sed a n d gi v e n
w i th h o ney o r j a m as a n elec t u ary w h ich s u ffi ces t o expel
, ,

t h e w or ms o f ch i ldre n especial ly l u m bri c i

,
Th e dr ug is c h ea p
.

i n C h i na b u t w i ll scarcely s u ppl a n t t h e m ore co n v e ni e n t a nd

eq u al ly e ffect i v e sa n t o ni n i n h ospi t al prac tice .

—
7 -C O C>
3 70 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

R .

RAN U N C ULU S A C R I S E ( M ao ke n
) I t i s also .
-
.

c a u se i t rese m bles a c o n i te or $ 7 2
c al led 5 6 g ( M ao chin
) be -
.

m zZ/ ze b u t i s h a iry
,
T h is grow s by water c o u rses a n d i s
.

sa i d t o be eate n by crabs I f m e n eat i t by m i stak e i t pro

.
,

d u ces a sort o f m a n i a c al d el i ri u m Th e leaves a nd seeds are .

u sed exter n all y as blisters a n d co u n ter i rri ta n ts i n fo u l sores -

, ,

ca nc e r a n d as a deri va t i ve i n i n fla mm atio n I t i s appl ied as a n

,
.

ep i spastic to th e ba c k i n a g ue i n m e n t o th e le ft o f t he spi n e ,
”
a n d i n wo me n to t h e righ t , as th e door o f l i fe ( 435 F 3) i s “

s u pposed to vary i n th is way i n th e sexes I t is br u i sed w i t h .

c e appl i ed to th e abdo m e n i n col ic

g i n ger root a nd t h e
, j u i .

I t does no t see m t o be used i n ter n al l y .

R AN U N C ULU S S C L E R A TU S .
—E fi g 3"3 ( S h i h l u n g -

”
j ) i A lso cal l ed g ( K ch in
) bi tter a c o n ite I t gro ws
‘ “
u . u -
,
.

i n h i l ly co u n try to t h e h ei gh t o f abo u t o n e foot is us u all y ,

fo u nd by water co u rses has ter nate dissected glabro us leaves

, , , ,

a n d bears s m al l yel lo w flowers Th e fr ui t i s gree n as large .

,

as a bea n a n d rese mbles a n u nrip e m u l berry

,
For th i s reaso n .

i t is cal led 353; fE gro u nd m u lberry T he y o u n g “

l ea v es of th e pla n t are s o me ti m es ea te n as a ve getable Th e .

seeds are u sed i n m ed ici ne a nd are co nsi dered to be to n ic ,

.

Th ey a re prescribed i n colds r h e u m a tis m, sper m atorrh oea a nd , ,

g e n eral d e b i l i t v .

f? 3 2 ( Yeh c h i fi fi
‘
RA N U N C ULU S S p
"
23 . n -

( La n g t u)-
D .i ff ere n t ge n era of ra n u n c u la c eo u s pla n ts are o fte n

c o n fo u n ded by th e C h i n ese a n d we see t hese ter m s appl ied to

,

A con i t u m A ctea H el ebor u s a n d R mzm zczzl zw as w el l as to

, , , ,

s ol o n a c e o u s pl a n ts A zu m T h e fi rs t i s also i de n
' '

a nd Czcu ta
p , ,
.

t i fi ed as C a m m m n e fi zm u / See Ap zu m g r an/6 013 2“ Cory

' ’ '

’
a .
,

M a n d r ag o r a
’

d a li s
’

zn czs a , a nd .

R A P H A N U S S A TI V U S — g fi ( Lo p )
o Th is is th e -
.

c o m m o n n a m e fo r th e rad i sh b u t i n c l udes al l n api for m roots , ,

i nc l u di n g bee t root The old na m e is X.

i Hfi ( Lai f u ) The -
.
372 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

t i m es in spi ri ts a n d t h e n dried ; b ut th is l ast process p a r ti c

,

u l a r l y m us t de tract fro m th e m ed i c i n al a c t i v ity of th e dr u g .

T h e root i s l a rgel y prescr i bed as a cool i n g a nd p u ri fy i n g dr u g ,

act in g d irectl y o n th e blood as a n al terati ve a n d to n i c I t is .

sa i d to h eal broke n bo nes a n d te ndo ns to prol o n g l i fe q uie t , ,

“

”
th e so ul a nd co n fi r m th e spi ri t be ne fi t th e eyes a n d ears a nd , ,

i s pres c ri bed i n fa ti g u e a nd i nj uries of m e n h e morrh ag ic dis ,

ch arges i n w o m e n h e m optysis n ose bleed a nd fe vers

,
The , ,
.

dr u g i n th e fres h s tate i hi; fi ( Sh eng ti h u a ng ) is c o ns i dered

“ ‘

- -
, ,

to be m ore acti ve t h a n i n t he d ried I t is prescri bed i n t h e .

sa me cases as above b u t m ore partic ul arl y i n activ e h e m or

,

rh a ges a n d a c u te d i ffi c u l ties A preparat i o n cal led Ii i hi; i

.
,
.

( S h u -
ti h u
-
a ng ) is m ad,
e by taki n g j u icy roots wash i ng i n ,

s pirits fi l l i n g w i t h th e seeds o f th e bastard carda m o m stea m i n g

, ,

o n a w i l lo w fra m e i n a p orce lai n vessel d ry i n g a n d res t e a m i ng , ,

a nd red ry i ng n i n e ti m es T h is is th o u gh t t o h ar m o n ise
.
,

i n crease a nd c ool th e blood a n d to stre n gt h e n th e m arro w

, ,
.

I t i s c o ns idered h i gh ly to n i c a nd is u sed i n al l wasti n g dis ,

eases a n d w eak e ned c o nd i ti o ns o f t h e bod y I n d iseases o f .

preg na n c y p ue rperal d i ffi c ul t i es d iseases o f c h i l dre n a nd

, , ,

w asti n g d i sch arges i t i s spe c ial l y reco m m e n ded

,
T h e l eaves .

a re br uised a nd u sed i n scaly ecze ma T h e fr u its powdere d a nd

,
.
,

t ake n w i t h w a te r h ave proper ti es si m i lar to th ose o f th e root

, ,

as i s also th e c ase w i th th e flow ers A n oth er pl a n t said to be .

,

s i m i lar to R efi ma m zza gro ws i n Li ng na n a nd i s called figfi

’

, ,

H m ie n m a n g) I t is m e n tio n ed i n th e P é i zts a o i n a n a p
(
'

u
- - .

e n d i x to th e ar ticl e o n R efi m a m zza I t h as a swee tish cool i

’

ng
p .

taste a n d i s n o n poiso n o us
,
I t i s take n i n decoct i o n i n
-
.

dyspepsia fl at u l e n ce a nd col ic
,
I t i s also fo un d i n J apa n
,
.
.

n g tsao )
R E I N E C K I A C A RN E A I? $ (
f 2 C h i h sia .
- -
.

T h i s is Faber s i de n ti fi ca tio n
’
Th e ter m m ea n s pla n t o f .
“

fel i ci ty ” C h en Tsa n g ch i says th a t i t grows i n w ester n

.
-

c o u n tries a n d was bro u gh t to C h i na by t h e Tartars I t is sw eet .

a n d cool i n g i n taste a n d n o n poiso n o u s I t bri gh te n s th e eye -

,
.
,

stre ngt h e n s th e me m ory a nd i s to n i c to th e hear t ,

Li S h i h .

c h é n says th at there was a pla n t c u l ti vated i n C h i n a d u r i n g h is

t i m e w h i c h was c al led by th e sa m e n a m e th e leaves o f w h i c h

.
,

rese mbl ed th ose of t h e ii 35 ( C ha n g Ia n) a n orch id a nd i t -

, ,
 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDO M .
3 73

re m ai n ed gree n th ro u gh o ut th e year beari n g p urpl e flo wers i n ,

pa n i cles H e says i t is n o t t h e pla n t to w h ich C h en Tsa ng

.

ch i re fers .

R H AM N US C H L OR OP H OR U S R iza mn u s t zn cl or zu s
' '

.
,

Th is i s a tree o f C h ek ia n g prov i n ce c al led by t h e nat i ves fi 59 , ,

( L ii There are t w o k i nd s o n e grow i n g w i ld w h i c h,

is ,

k now n as th e w h i te a nd a c u l t i va ted k i nd called th e yel l o w

, ,
.

A bri l l ia n t gree n d y e is m ad e o f th e bark o f th ese by bo i l i n g ,

togeth er th oro u gh l y th a t o f th e t w o varieties i n a n i ro n p a n .

I t is l eft t o sta n d for th ree da ys a fter w h ic h i t i s placed i n ,

earthe n ware vessels a n d c otto n c l oth w h i c h h as bee n previo us

-
,

l y prepared w i th l i m e is i m m ersed i n i t fi v e or s ix ti m es The .

c ol ori n g m atter i s the n wash ed fro m th e cl oth w i t h c lea n water ,

a n d i s aga i n pla c ed i n th e pa n s a n d boi led C otto n yar n i s .

th e n d i pped i n to th e sol u t i o n several t i mes wh i ch takes u p th e ,

c ol ori n g m atter w h i c h i s aga i n wash ed off w i th water a nd

, ,

pla c ed o n paper to dry Th e pro c ess o f dry i n g i s co m pl eted

.

u n der th e fu l l rays o f th e s u n I II order to dye w i th i t th ree

.
,

parts of carbo n ate o f potash are m i xed w i th t e n par t s o f d ye .

I t i s very expe n siv e a nd so is used spari n gl y by dyers G rass

, .
'

cloth o n a c c o u n t o f i ts ro u gh text ure tak i ng u p th e col or m os t

,

easily i s th e pri n cipal fabr i c u po n w h i ch i t is e mploy ed

,
I t is .

a very per m a n e n t c ol or a nd c o n s i t u tes t h e s ap g r e en of w ater

,
-
(

col or pai n ters The C h i nese ca l l t h e p i g m e n t fi g (L ii k ao )

.
-

u o n th e Ch i n ese m ark et i n
a nd fie ( L ch ia o
) I t appears
-
.

th i n dry bl u i sh scales w h i c h w h e n r u bbed u p prod uce a

, , ,

bl u ish gree n p i g m e n t a nd i s u sed by th e C h i n ese to col or

-
,

sh ark sk i n for coveri n g spe c ta c le cases a nd th e l i ke

-
I t h as .

th e p urgat i ve properti es o f the b u ck th or n i n t h e cr u de st a te ,

a n d w he n m ixed w i t h l u n ar ca u sti c m ak es a n ex cel le n t i nde l

i bl e i nk .

R H A M N US J A P O N I C A — ffl ; ( S h u l i ) Th e sa m e .
,
7 -
.

m mm /s a rg a m a n d R i mmm zs m rg a ta
n a m e i s also applied t o R /
’

O ther co mm o n n a mes are 4: i ( N i u l i ) a nd U ] é ( S ha n l i ) - -

.

Th e tree w h i c h is c o m m o n i n th e prov i n c es n orth of t h e

,

Ya ngtse gro ws to th e h e i gh t o f e i gh t or t e n feet h as leaves

, ,

rese m bl i ng t h ose of th e c o mm o n pl u m a n d bears fr ui ts t h a t ,

3 74 C H I NE S E M A I E RI A
' ‘
M ED I C A .

are black i n color co n tai ni ng a p urpl ish bl ack j u ice

,
Th e -
.

bra n ch es o f th e tree are used for d y i ng gree n T h e fr u i ts are .

re c o mme nded i n fevers s c ro fu l o u s sores as c i tes s mal l pox , , ,

-

er u pt i o n sca b io us sores a nd sores o n h orses a nd cattle

,
Th e
,
.

bark o f th e t ree is si m i l arly used .

R H E UM O FF I CI N A L E R / zeu m a l ma tu m — j q
fi ii ( Ta
“

.
,

h ua n g) 1 2 2 5 T h is is a lso c al l ed i E ( H a n g h a n g)
"
:
, . u -
,

”
“
ye ll ow e fli c a c y a nd if? , ( C h ia ng c h u n
) Ca pta i n -
,
“

”
ge n eral bot h re ferri n g to th e estee m i n w h i c h i t is h el d
,

as a dr u g I t h as b e e n k n ow n i n C h i n a s i n c e th e t i m e o f th e
.

F i v e R u lers ( c irca 3 0 00 B Th e E m p e ror Sh e n n u n g a nd

.

L e ik u n g w h o is sai d to h ave l i ved i n th e reig n o f th e E m peror

,

H ua n gti co nsidered th e d r u g to be poiso n o u s ; he n c e i t i s

,

cl assed a m o n g th e po iso ns i n th e P é n ts a o I t i s prod u ced i n .

th e n ort h wester n provi n ces b u t th a t co m i n g fro m K a ns u i s

-
,

co nsidered t h e best Th e pla n t gro ws s i x o r seve n fee t h i gh

.
,

a n d t he ste m i s bri ttl e a n d h as a so u r ta s te Th e st a l ks were .

for merl y eate n ra w Th e l eaves are coarse l o n g a n d th i c k

.
, , ,

a n d th e flowers vary i n d i ff ere n t varie ties bei n g yell ow gree n , , ,

or red The root i n th e fresh state i s red bowl sha ped a nd

.
,
-
,

n earl y t wo fee t lo n g I t i s p ul py a n d i s easil y atta c k ed by

.
,

w or m s I t i s us ual ly c ut i n to sl i ces pl aced o n h ea ted s to n es

.
,

a nd partial l y d ried A fter wards i t i s str u n g toge th er o n

.

t w i n e a nd dr i ed i n th e s u n S o meti m es th e d ryi n g is c o m .

p l e ted by arti fi c i al h eat a n d i n th i s c ase t h e dr u g i s n o t s o a pt

,

to beco me w or my A k i nd o f rh u barb cal led i j q is:

“

.
,

( T ‘
u fa n ta h ua ng )
- -
co m-
es fro m ,
T h i bet or T urfa n A n oth er .

called 1: 7k 35 ( T u ta h ua n g ) a nd w h i c h i s fo u nd i n th e
‘
"
- -
,

n orth easter n prov i n c es i s R lze zm z r fi ap o n t zm m; b u t i n j apa n is

’

a R u mex G ood C h i nese rh u barb i s o f a redd ish yel low c ol or

.
-
,

v ariegated or m ottl ed a nd fi rm i n tex t u re sh ow i n g e v i de n ces

, ,

of co nsiderable deposi ts of raph ides i n i t s str u c t u re Th e .

pie c es sh o ul d be d ry a n d no t t o o l igh t W h e n c h ewed th e .

,

root sh o uld grate u po n th e teeth h ave a bi tter a n d s harp rath er ,

th a n s m ooth fl avor a n d c ol or th e sal i va w i th a dee p y el lo w

,

t i n ge. B orac i c a c i d s h o u ld n o t c ol or th e exter n a l yel lo w

s urfa c e a dark brow n The p u rgati ve propert i es of r h u bar b are
.

n o t m ade so m uc h o f by t h e C h i n ese as th ey are i n t h e west .

 376 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

in Szech u a n a nd is also sai d to be

,
poiso n o u s I t i s c o n
non- .

s i d e re d to be to n ic a n d el i m i n a n t . These two are probabl y

n ot

R H O DO D E N D RO N M E TT E RN I C H II 75 ( S h i h .

n a n) Th is is a Japa n ese i d e n t ifi cat i o n i n w h i c h Faber c o n

.
,

c urs I t is probable j u d g i n g fro m th e c o n fl i c t i n g des c ri pti o n s

.
,

gi v e n i n th e P é n ts a o t h a t several pla n ts are k n ow n by th i s

,
"
na m e i n C h i na I n K u e i ya n g i t i s cal led ffl g a
g( F en g ya o
) a nd
.
-
,

tak i n g t h e place of tea o r steeped i n w i n e i t i s u sed as a c u re ,

for h eada c hes Th is tea is cal led Q g ( L ua n c h a ) by th e

.
-
‘

people of th e so u th er n prov i n c es Fort u n e d escr i bed a R / zo .

d od en d r on fo u n d growi n g i n th e prov i n c e o f Chek ia n g w h i c h ,

o n that acco u n t i s called R lzoa e n e n d r o zz

f or l zm ez Th i s is also
’
'

f o un d i n th e Ya n gtse prov i n c es a n d is c al led i f M ; 112 ( Yeh ,

p i‘
Th is m a y be th e sa m e as th e S i nk fl a n as th e l atter -
,

is described as h avi n g P zlp a l i k e leaves Th ese lea v es ‘ ‘ -

.
,

w h i c h are u sed i n m ed ici n e are a c ri d bi tter a n d sli gh tl y

’

, , ,

poiso n o us Th ey are sa i d to stre n gt he n t h e k i d n eys c u re

.
,

i n ter nal i nj u ry a n d wea k n ess i n th e y i n pri n c iple a nd to ,

be n e fi t t h e bo n es si n e ws sk i n a nd h a i r
,
Fe m ales sh o u ld n o t
, ,
.

co n t i nu e t o u se th e dr u g as i t h as ex c essive aphrod i s i a c prop

,

ert i es I t i s also prescr ibed i n f evers colds a nd i n testi nal

.
, ,

W OI III S
'

R H U S S E M I A L A TA zu)
g§ 23:g
1
? ( Y e n f u t . Th
~ e- tree _
- -
.

i s cal led E 7 k ( F u m u ) a n d i t i s c o n fo un d ed w i th B r ow s mzetza

’

-
,

r z em by th e C h i n ese A oth er a m e r the tree i s g g jg

p py f
'

a n n f o .
a

( F u ya n g) ; b u t th is i n o t fo u n d i n the P é nl s a o T h is is the
-
s .

tree upo n w h i c h is bor n e t he Ch i nese n u t gal ls 55 fg fi

( W u -
,

pe i tz ii ) Se v eral n a m es are gi v e n i n th e P en ts a o for th e d r u g

-
. ,

re ferr i ng to t h e so ur a nd sal i ne taste of t h e lea v es seeds a nd , ,

bark al l o f w h i ch are used i n m ed i c i n e

,
Th e P é m s a o h as a .
‘

v ery fa ir descri ptio n of th e tree a nd m e n ti o ns th e fac t th at i ts ,

re n i for m seeds are so m eti m es eate n by c h i ldr e n Th ere is also .

m e n ti o n ed a EF ijfi H sie n p i n g s h u ) said to be u sed by th e

(
‘
'
- -
,

S a n C h io )
people of Ca m bod i a as a n acid c o n d i m e n t Eg gfi ( u
.
-
,

w h i c h is sa i d to rese m bl e a n d to be u sed i n Li n g

n a n as a s u bst i t u te for V i n egar a nd $2 ( H s i e n w h ic h m

 V EGE T A B L E K I NGDOM .
377

c o mes fro m a w o m a n s ki n gd o m lo c ated eas t o f t h e c o u n try o f

’
,

F u l i n a n d w h i c h i s fragra n t sa l i n e a nd eate n as a v egetabl e

-
, , , .

These are al l sa i d t o bel o n g to t h e sa m e c lass ( poss ib l y o f

pl a n ts h av i n g a so u r a n d sa l i n e t a ste ) T he seeds of th e Yen .

f zz l e z? are said t o c u re m alar ia rh e u m atis m j a u n d i c e ep ide m ic

-
, , ,

fevers c o u gh s a n d d yse n tery

, ,Th e bark o f th e tree i s a s t ri n
.

ge n t a n d a n the l m i n t i c w h i le th a t o f th e roo t i s c o ns i dered to be

,

c h olagog u e .

R H U S S UC C E DA N E A j g ( H u a n g l n) Th i s grows
.
-
.

i n the m o u n ta i n s o f S h e n s i a n d Sze c h u a n It h as a ro u nd l ea f .

a n d yel lo w wood w h i c h i s u sed i n dy e i n g ye l l o w I t is c o ns i d .

ered t o be a n t i febr i l e a n ti v i n o us c h olagog u e a n d i s u sed i n

, , ,

O p h t h al m ia a n d a s a wash for var n i sh po i so n .

R H U S T OX I C O D E N DR O N — I n J a pa n t h is i s $6] [17] .

( K o ri w e n-
) a nd E} 35 ( Yeh k o ) a nd Fa ber also gi ves t h e
-
,

for m er n a m e as a n eq u i val e n t There i s l i ttle d o ubt b u t th a t

.

th e pl a n t d es c ribed i n t h e P ezzl s a o u n der th is ti tle i s G el s e m zzmz

’

e l e m zs
g ( w h i ch see ) Th e t i t l e re
. fers to th e pla n t a n d th e

s eco n d ter m t o th e root I t i s q u i te poss i ble th at t h is R i ms

.

a nd Ge l s e m m m m i g h t be c o n fo u n ded by th e C h i n ese s i n ce ,

bo th are c l i m bers a n d h av e a very s u per fi c i a l rese m bla n ce t o

ea c h oth e r Tha t th e P é /zts a o does n o t m e n tio n a n y pe c u l ia r
.

poiso n o u s a c t i o n o n th e sk i n w o u ld be pres u m pti ve ev i de n ce

,

aga i n st t h e i de n ti fi cat i o n as R / zu s N oth i n g i s sa i d e i t her o f a .

res i n o u s j u i c e .

R H U S V E RN IC IF E RA Th e proper w ay .

to wr i te th i s c hara c te r i s w h i c h represe n ts w a ter

d rop p i n g o u t of wood re ferr i n g to th e sap ooz i ng o u t a nd
,

r u n n i n g d o w n Th i s i s th e C h i n ese l a cq u er tree fo u nd i n bot h

.
,

C h i n a a n d J apa n The c hara c ter re fers t o the var n i sh a n d

.

g i ves a n a m e t o th e tree T h e $2: {35 ( K a n . 6 2 i s u sed i n ,

m ed i c i n e Th i s i s t h e j u i ce o f th e tree dess i c ated a n d p u l ver

.

i z ed I t i s c o ns idere d t o be t o n ic a n d s t i m u l a n t a n d i s pre
.
,

scribed i n co u gh s i n test i n al w or m s a m e n orrh oea a nd e c c h y

, , ,

m oses Th e leaves are u sed i n wast i n g d i seases a n d i n test i n a l

.

paras i tes t h e seeds i n dyse n tery a n d t h e flowers i n t he sw el led

, ,
3 78 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M E D I C A .

bel l y of ch i ldre n A n um ber o f re m ed ies for var nis h poi so n

.

are give n A prophy l ac tic is t o C h e w Z m zl /wxy l zm z p iper zzzm z

'
‘
.
,

a n d appl y th e res u l ti n g sal i va to th e fa c e w he n th e po i so n ,

w i ll n o t act o n th e S k i n A de c o c ti o n o f th e w ood o f Ca n .

m ng / za m za s zzze n s zs o f P er zl l a ocy m oza es of S ag zi za m a x i m a

’ ’ ’ ' '

’
’ '

, , ,

or t he brot h o f crabs i f appl i ed to th e i n fla m ed s k i n i s rep ute d

, ,

to be v ery e ffi cacio us Th e re medy gi v i ng greatest rel ief .

,

h owever i s h ot c a m ph or water freq u e n tly appl i ed

, ,
.

R H Y N C H O S I A VO LU B I LI S —fi é ( L n h uo) A ls o .
-
.

cal led E E ( L u to n) g E ( L a o to n) a n d E} fi 11 ( Yeh ln

-
,
-
,
-

t o u) I t is a w i ld l eg u m i n o us pla n t fo u n d grow i n g i n wh ea t
.
,

fi el ds B oth t h e pl a n t a nd t h e seeds are eate n eit h er ra w or

.

c ooked T h e la tter are so m eti m es gro u n d I n t o m ea l fro m

.
,

w h ic h cakes are m ad e Th e y are rec o m me nd ed i n th e [ ( u .

po i so n scro fu l o us gl a n ds backach e a n d abdo m i na l pai n i n

, ,

w o me n a n d h eadach e ,
.

R H Y N C H O S P E R M U M J A S M I N OI D E S 5 ( Lo .

sh i h ) Th is is a n a pocy n a c eo us pla n t a l l i ed t o N er zzm z fo un d

'

.
, ,

cl a m ber i n g over ro c ks I t h as s m al l t h i ck fi rm gree n leaves

.
, , , ,

w h i te fl owers a n d bears a black fr u i t I t i s evergree n a n d

m
, .
,

th erefore i s cal led N ”

( a i t u ng
) e nd u ri n g th e w i n ter - “
, .

Th e stal ks a n d l ea v es are u sed i n m ed i ci ne a nd are n o n poiso n ,

-

o us . Th ey are co nsid ered to be restorative a nd to n ic a nd are ,

a med ici n e espec i al l y ad apted to th e a ged G o norrh oea car .

,

c i n o ma t o us grow ths sciatica v i per bites a nd w o u nds a re

, , , ,

so m e of t h e d i ffi c u l ties for w h i ch i t i s reco mm e n ded .

R I CI N U S C O M M U N I S —fi R ift ( Pei m a) Th e fi rs t .
-
.

c h aracter is properl y w ri tte n Eta; both h av i ng th e sa me so un d

e i or Pi ) c h aracter is expla i n ed by $ 3
( P Th e .
53 ( )
Pi a cattl e ,

tic k w h i c h th e seeds are said t o rese m ble

,
T h e pla n t is o f .

fore ig n origi n hav i n g bee n i n trod uced fro m Tartary w here

, ,

i t is ex te nsively gro w n I n C h i n a i t is c ul ti vated for i ts .

s h ad e as a n or na m e n tal pl a n t a nd for i ts seed a nd lea v es

, ,

w h ich are used i n m edi ci ne I t grows i n a s h ort ti m e to .

a h eigh t of m ore th a n t e n feet h av i n g a w oody ste m , ,

w h i c h ne ve r s u rv i v es th e w i n ter o f c e n tra l a n d nort h er n

Ch i na T here i s a red ste mmed a nd a w h ite s te mm ed v ar iety
.
- -
,
3 80 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

RO S A R A —j 5j i If: ( Y u eh c h i h u a ) .
- -
,

B E fl: Th i s i s t h e C h i n e se m o n th l y
rose a v a ri et y o f th e R om
,
a c o m m o n s c ra m bl i n g
sh r u b beari n g a profus i o n o f red fl o wers m ostl y barre n I t i s
, ,
.

s u pposed t o a c t o n th e bl ood red u c e sw el l i n g a n d destroy , ,

p o i so n i n u lcers Th e fl ow ers are sa i d t o e nc o u rage th e

.

break i n g o f s tu m o us abscesses w h e n take n i n ter n al ly a fter ,

h avi n g bee n prepar e d a c cord i n g to very d i sg ust i n g pro c ess

s u ggested by a n a n c i e n t for m u lary .

RO S A é, ( M u h s i a n g )
B A N K S IA .
— 7k
Th i s i s n o t f " -
.

des c r i bed u n de r th i s te r m i n t h e P ezzl m o w h at i s th ere sa i d ,

referr i n g t o Ap l ol a x ls a nd A f firm/ 06 11 7 21
( w h i c h a rti c les see ) .

Li S h i h C hen s peaks o f a k i n d o f rose

-
3
5) 2 bei n g c al led M u

lzs za ng b u t n o fu rt her refere n c e i s m ad e to i t

’

.
,

RO S A I N D IC A R 05a 77zzzl l zfi or a , 3i ( C h ia n g wei )

12 _
.
‘ -
.

Th is is a ge ne ral n a m e for th e spe c i es Th e fr u i t i s c al l ed a s .

E ( Y n g sh i h ) a n d th e pla n t
fi g Eg C h ia n g m i
( ) w a l l rose
‘
i
“

g
- -
;
-
.
, ,

O n e k i n d w i th very large fl owers i s c al led { g }

t;
E 5 4
5 ( F o c h ie n -

”
h si ao ) B u dd h a sees a nd s m i les
,
“
I t grows w i ld i n th e .

f orests a n d o n ba n ks I n th e spr i n g c h i ld re n str i p th e bar k

.
,

a n d spi n es fro m th e y o u n g sh oots a n d ea t th ese l atter T he .

fl owers h ave y ell ow a n th ers a n d pale o r p i nk petals C u lt i vated .

varieties h a ve w h i te y ell o w red a n d p u rpl e flow e rs

, ,
Th e ,
.

f r u i ts are u se d i n w o u n ds spra i ns i nj u ries fo u l sores a n d are

, , , ,

said t o be a n od y ne Th e root i s c o n s i de red car m i n at i ve

.

a n d astr i n ge n t a nd is u sed i n fl u xes u l c ers wo u nds sk i n

, , , ,

d i seases a n d poly u r i a
,
Th e leaves are appl ied i n u l c ers
. Li .

S h i h C h en speaks o f a per fu me fo u n d a m o n g th e fij
-
( wh i c h
refer to place o ts i d e f C h i a n d w h ose people
m y a a n y u o n a ,

approac h C h i n a fro m th e S o u th ) c al led g g a ( C h i a n g w e i ,

‘ -

l n) .
Th is m a y re fer t o A l ta r of R os es o r t h i s lat ter m a y be th e
C h a g sh i bro gh t o C a n t o n a n d F u k ie n by
g fig 7k ( i w i )
‘
n e u u
- -
t ,

A rab i a n traders a n d re ferred t o i n th e a n n a ls o f th e S u n g

,

d y n asty q uoted by D r B re tsc h n e i d e r i n a ser i es o f arti c les o f

,
.

grea t i n terest i n th e C h i n ese N otes a n d Q u er i es fo r 1 8 7 0

“
.

R O S A L I E V I G A TA ( Ch i n y i n g t s u) 1 66 .
—§f § - -
,
.

Th e seco n d ch ara c t er sh o u l d be a
s
( Y i ng ) as i ts seed caps u l e ,
 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDOM .
3 8 1

i s t h e s hape of a w ater j a r P y mzs m a i n s also h as th is sa m e .

C h i n ese n a m e as d oes also ,

5 1 21 5 1 1 54 T h i s ro s e i s 7
.

fo un d e very wh ere I t bears a wh i te fl ow er a y el l o w ca ps u l e

.
, ,

a nd s m al l seeds w h i c h are h a i ry a nd a ro m at i c
,
T hese se e ds .

are c ar m i n at i ve astri n ge n t a n d d i u re t i c
,
T h e fl owers are a lso , .

u sed i n d yse n tery a n d to res tore th e c ol or o f h air,

The l ea ves .

are fa m o u s as a v u l n era ry re m ed y D ried together w i th th e .

l eaves o f th e m u lberry a n d o f B oa/ 2 7126 77 21 n i t/ea a n d al l

p ow ,

dered t h ey for m a re n o w ned v u l n e rar y c al led fi £ 13 j/g fig

"

,
,

n ch u n g i n ie n c h i n a pi n c h o f gold i n th e ar m y
)
“
( C hii - - - -
,
.

T h e root 1 6 9 i s a n th el m i n t i c a n d t h e bark of t h e root i s

, , ,

astr i n ge n t a n d i s u sed i n d i arrh oea a n d m e n orrh agia

,
.

RO S A — Ifc $5 9 Y
R UG O S A
E ( M e i k ue i h ua
) 34
8 . Th i s ,
- -
,
.

is th e c u l t i v ated speci es o f rose w i th red a nd p i n k flowers , ,

w h i c h i s s o h i g h l y p ri zed by t h e C h i nese P u rpl e a n d w h i te .

var i e ties are also fo u n d T h is rose i s fra gra n t i ts n at u re i s

.
,

cool i ng i ts taste i s s wee t w i t h a sl i gh t b i tte r i sh n ess a n d i t

, ,

ac ts es pec i al l y o n th e splee n a nd l i ver pro m ot i n g th e c i r c u la ,

ti o n o f t h e blood I t i s prescri be d i n t h e for m o f a n ex tra c t

.

for he mate m es i s a nd t h e fl ow ers are u sed i n al l d i seases of t he

,

l i ver to scatter abscesses a nd i n bl ood d iseases ge n eral l y Th e

, , .

pe tals are u sed as t ea £5 11 g ( M e i k ue i

1 {5 to sooth e th e
,
-

l i ver. T h e A i t a r of R os es is also sa i d to be c al led 155 15 g ig] ,

( M ei-
k u e i y u) a n d a sce n ted l i q u or is cal le d 1
-
, 55 159 a (M ei ,
”
k u e i l n)
-
D e w of R os es
,
“
.

RO S MAR I N U S O FFI C I N A L I S ( M i t ie h .
-

h sia n g ) Th i s w as bro u gh t fro m t he bo u n ds o f th e R o m a n

.

E m pire d u r i n g th e rei g n o f W e n t i of th e We i d y n asty (4 52 A .

It w a s val u ed for i ts de l i gh tfu l fra gra n ce I t i s u sed to .

m ak e fi n e odors as a perfu m e a n d w h e n b u r ned w i ll d r i ve

, ,

a way de m o ns M i xed w ith P ezzced m zu m a eczzr s zw m z i t i s

.
’
,

b u r n ed to d r ive a wa y m osq u i toes .

R OTTL E RA J A P O N I C A .
fis
-
( Tza
) . See C o l a lp a
é w flzpf er i a n d L i n d er a tz i i m u .

R U B I A C O R D I F O LI A — fifif g ( C h ie n .
_
‘
1 26 . A
v ery l u x uria n t v ar iety o f t h e pla n t is cal led a nd
382 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

th e root al led fig: ( S o u )

is c O th er n a m es are till 1 ( Ti h s u eh )
.

m -

gi
g g ( j a n fe i a nd -
E i ;
)i
( H sii e h c h ie n
m ,
-

Th e fi rs t o f th ese ter m s a s w el l as t h e c hara c ter

47 8 .

fi j us t ,

above re fe rs t o th e bel i e f that the c ol or o f th e pla n t i s d u e to

,

tra n sfor m ed h u m a n bl ood ; th e se c o n d t o the u se o f th e pla n t

i n dye i n g a d eep red c ol or a n d t h e t h i rd m ea n s w h e n bl ood “

”
sees i t i t i s sh a m ed
,
re ferr i n g t o th e color prod u c ed by i t I t
, .

i s t h e I n d ia n nza d d e r pla n t a n d i s very s i m i lar t o th e E u ropea n ,

m adder I t i s a c r e e per grow i n g t o a le n gth o f several feet

.
, ,

h as a sq u are h ol l ow ste m c overed w i th s m al l p ri c k les

, ,
The .

leaves a re i n w h orls o f fi v e s c abro us a n d dar k o n t h e ,

u pper s i de Th e root i s p u rpl i sh red I n th e H zs l o r zea l

’ ’

-
. .

R ecor d s i t i s sa i d th at h e w h o pla n ts a t h o usa n d m on w i th

th i s pla n t a n d th e G a r d e n i a is co n s i dered t o be eq u al i n ,

w eal th t o a n obl e m a n w h o has c o n trol o f a th o usa n d h o u se h ol ds .

Th is sh ows t h e i m port a n c e i n w h i ch th ese pla n ts are he ld i n

t h e est i ma ti o n o f th e C h i n ese Th e r oot i s u s ed as a red dy e .

b u t also i n Ja pa n a n d i s c al led m zzny e /

'

n o t o n l y i n C h i na ,
te , ,

o r nm n dj zze/ zo k d i n Sa n s cri t To n i c al terat i ve astr i n ge n t .

, , ,

v u l n erar y a n d e rn m e n a go g u e propert i es are as c r i bed to th e

,

roo t a nd i t i s used i n rh e u m at i s m j a u nd i c e h e m orrh ages

, , , ,

fract u res a n d al l sorts o f ex h a ust i n g d is c h arges

,
.

A t th e c l ose o f t he a rt i c l e i n t he P en zs a o a creeper c al led ‘

m
,

1 jig ( H s u eh 4 7 9 is spok e n o f a n d i s probabl y a , ,

r u b i a c eo u s pla n t I t i s v e l lo w a nd is u sed as a bl ood re m ed y

.
,
.

R U B U S C ORO N AR I U S — E
fi fig
i fi (T ) Th i s is a fra ‘
u- m i .

ra t bra m ble s i m i ar o r poss i bl y ide n t i c al w i t h th e

’

n l t o E r ze r
g , , ,

R os e I ts o n ly u se is to s c e n t a k i n d o f w i n e c al led E 62 E
fi Zfi
‘

.
5

( T u m i ch i u ) The c h ara c ters are so m e t i m es w r i tte n fi

‘ -
- . .

R U B U S I N C I SU S —§E § fl] ( H s u a n k o u t z ii
.
) Th is - -

i s also c al le d L “E ( 3 S ha n m e i
) a nd 7
k E ( M u m ei
) w i ld-
or -
,

”
w ood berry T h e berr i es are rather so u r b u t q u i te ed i ble ,
.

Th ey a re c o u n ter v i n o u s re fresh i n g a nd expe c tora n t

-
,
The ,
.

l ea ves are u sed i n dysph ag ia The bark o f th e root i s u sed i n .

c ase o f th e dea t h o f a fe t u s w h i c h h as n o t c o m e away i n ,

m e n orrh a g i a c h ro n i c d yse n tery a n d c hro n i c d i s c h arges o f al l

, ,

k i n ds .
 8
3 4 C H I NE S E MA T ER I A M ED I C A .

R U M E X —D ocks a nd sorrels are c o m mo n i n C h i n a b u t

.
,

t h e i d e n t i fi c a tio n o f Ch i n ese n a m es i s d i fli c u l t T h e sa m e .

n a m es are u sed fo r w i del y d i ff er i n g pla n ts a nd as d es c r i pt i o n s ,

are i n c o m ple te o r co n fus i n g d e fi n i te i de n t i fi cat i o n i n m a n y ,

c ases i s w el l n i gh i m possi bl e -
g i ( i i K o —ts ai ) i s so me ti m es
.
“
‘

u sed as a ter m b u t th is fi rs t C h ara c ter i s properl y a p p l i ed to

,

P o e/ a (
)

)
'

z r zz zzs ? VV a n ch i n g is also u sed -

for a ex b u t
y F ; .
,

w h at i s descr ibed i n the Ren ts n o u n der th is t i tl e i s B r a s s zea

'

A n oth er ter m i s $2 2 ( T z u h ua
4
ra a
p .
IE
1
3
“
a nd th is -

properl y re fers t o R ap/ I n J apa n j : j q iiif-

’

zd n zzs o r B r a s s zea
f .

( T u ta‘
h u a
-
ng) -
or i t fi e i, ( T u ta h ua ng ) i s ide n t i fi ed as - -
,

R n nzex d on a t i on s a nd i t i s proba bl e t h at t here i s so m e c o n

,

fo u nd i n g o f ge ne ra by th e C h i n ese b ut t he latter d o n o t ,

d is t i n g u i sh t h is f ro m R / zem n I n th e P ek i ng m o u n ta i n s a .

R m n ex goes by t h is n a m e .

R n nzex a eel os a is M ii ( S ua n m o) Th is is c o n fo u n ded -

.

w i th Ox a l zs eo r n zen l n ta a nd P / m
’

O th er a es
’ '

z s a l zs n
y
are LU i f {if}? ( Sh a n ya n g t i) 111 7 k 5: ( S ha n ta h u a n g ) a n d
.
- -
,
- -
,

S ua n m u ) T s las t i s R/ ne ki n d th a t rese m
’

( -
h i . z vs a l zs O .

bl es 312 Eli? ( Ya n g t i ) a nd i s so u r i s used i n th e treat me n t o f

1 -
,

i tc h T h e pla n t h a s a redd ish yel lo w r oot a n d th e j u i c e o f

.
-
,

th i a n d o f t h e lea ves i s u se d to c orrec t th e poiso n o f c orro s i ve

s

s u bl i ma te Th e leaves are so u r a nd th e roo t sl i g h tl y b i tte r

. .

Take n i n ter n al l y i t i s regard ed as a n ti febr i l e a n d car m i n at i ve .

E xter n al l y i t i s used for paras i t i c sk i n d iseases a n d fre c k les .

A n oth er n a m e fo r th is pla n t i n H u peh acc ord i n g to H e n ry , ,

5( N R m
'

i s 4: fi 5 i u s he .
t o u ) b u t at
-
Pek i n g t-
h is
‘
is z zex p
er zs n s .

I t is a w ater d o c k h av i ng a lea f a foot or m ore lo n g a ccord i n g ,

to th e descr i pti o n g i ve n i n th e P en ts a o Th e fr u i ts o f th i s are .

c o n s i d ered to n i c a n d co n str u c ti ve These fr ui ts are c al led .

”
S h s h o rt
) og h ead d th e lea ves 4 H ( N i e rh
)
’
é ( h i h “ 1
n u
‘
a
‘

s
- -
, , ,

”
c o w s ear
“ ’
A n oth er k i nd o f w ater do c k c al l ed }gg fi ( C h u n
.
,

s h i g h ly re c o m m e n ded i n c h ol era i c a ff ec ti o ns
sh e
) i ,
.

R U M E X j A P O N I CU S — zfi Eff} ( Ya n g ti ) A n oth er n a m e ‘
-
.

g i ve n fo r th i s is Q El ( K u e i m u) wh ic h is a ls o a n a m e f o r -
,

Te e/ zo nzn
g fi
’
r o n d z or a th e seeds o f S ol a n m n d n lea nza r d a nd a , ,

sort o f A nzonzzzm al so c al led B ( L n m u ) fo u n d i n L i ng na n

,
-
,
.

So t h i s n a m e is n o t very d ist i n cti v e O th er n a mes are i f: 3 i)f? .

 V EGE T AB L E K I N GDOM .
3 85

( N i u sh e 3 fl
7
( T j; i ( Ya éfig t i ta h a g ),
“

-
5
u n u n - - -

a n d th e seeds are c al led Q ZS ( C li i n ch i ao m a i ) golde n

- ‘ -
,
”
b u ck wh eat A t Pek i n g th is i s a i
’

.
p
ex er zs n s It grows n .

m arshes a nd a t the si de o f water c o u rses t o th e h e i gh t of three ,

o r fo u r feet .I ts leaves so m e w h a t rese m ble th ose of L a etu ea ,

b ut are dark er i n col or T h e stal k i s p u rpl ish red a nd i t

.
-
,

bears a gree n i sh w h i te flo wer

-
T h e seeds are bor ne o n a spik e
.
,

a n d are th ree a n gled Th e root is redd ish y ell o w a nd rese m

.
-
,

bles t h at o f R h eu m .I t i s used as a parasi tic ide i nsecti cide , ,

a nd a n tiseptic re m ed y i n sk i n d iseases u l cers a n d t h e l i ke ,

.
,

I t is also u sed i n ter nal l y i n co n sti pati o n Th e leaves are u sed

.

as a de m u l c e n t food a nd are reco m m e nded i n d iarrh oeas a nd

,

i n testi nal w or m s T he seeds are u sed as a de mul ce n t a nd

.

car m i nati v e i n dyse n t ery a nd fla t u l e nce .

R UT A G RAV E O L E N S E Zéj ( Y im h sia n g

'

-
.

T h is grows i n Y u n na n Tw o k i nds are d escri bed o ne w i th

.
,

fi v e l eaves ( co m po un d ) a nd o n e w i th l eek l ik e leaves

,
Its -
.

act i o n is co n sidered to be c o u n te rpoi s o no us a nd i t i s rec o m ,

m e nded i n m alarial poiso n i n g Th e n a m e is d eri ved fro m th a t

.

of th e resi n sec u red fro m S ynzp l oeos p r zm zf oh a to t h e odor of

'

w h ich tha t of th i s pla n t is l i ke ned .

3 86 C H I NE S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

S .

S A CC H AR U M O F FI CI N AR U M — fi Th e .

jfl (
’K an -
Che ) .

ea rl i est ac c o un t o f th e s zzg a z ea n e i n C h i n a d ates fro m th e -

seco n d ce n t u ry be fore C hr i s t a nd t h e c h aracters w ere t he n ,

wri tte n it} if)? ( K a n c h é) th e rad i cal i nd icati ng th e s weet n ess o f

: -
,
"
th e pl a n t Th e n a me i s also wri tte n $ 73 ( K a n C h e) re ferri n g
.
,

to th e reed l i ke c h aracter o f th e stal k I n th e S nu owe n i t is .

ter m ed ( C h e ) U n der t h ese ch aracters are i n cl u ded both

.

S nee/ za r m n ofi ezn a r u m a nd S org h u m s a cch a r a t m n

’

The .

C h i n ese d is ti n g u ish severa l k i nds ; s u ch as H; fi ( Tu C h e) o r -

o r m a k i n g s u gar ;
fi fi ( ) h f E E ( Hs i
”

C h u c h é -
w h ic is u,
sed
" t
C h é ) also u sed for m ak i n g s u gar 93 fi ( L e h e) 4g jg: ( La C he)
“

-
,
C 1
,
-
,

or fig fi (Ti C h e) w h ic h is S org / zn m s a eena r a Z zu n ; a n d f

4 +

, rI lgf

( T ) fi
“
H z u C he or E ( K
“b
ng C h e kg un l u n C h e
( )
‘
u m g )
-
j
a , , ,

w h i c h i s u se d p ri nc i p a ll y f o r c h e w i ng I n t h e fres h state Th e .

s ugar c a n e i s grow n i n K i a n gs i Sze c h ua n H u na n C h ek i a n g

-
, , , ,

F u k i e n For m osa a n d K u a n gt u n g largel y as a s u bsta n c e for

, , ,

c h ew i n g b u t also for th e m a n u fa ct u re o f s u gar a nd treacle

, .

T h i s l atter us e h as bee n m uc h o n th e i n crease as foreig n i n ter

c o u rse w it h C h i n a h as d eve lo ped Th e i ngest i o n o f the c a ne.

w i th w i ne is th o ugh t to i n crease ph leg m a nd i f eate n i n ,

excess i t is said to pr od uce fe v er is lm e s s a nd n osebleed T h e .

u s e o f th e j u i ce is c o nsidered to be cool i n g t us s i c s to m ach i c , , ,

a nd a nt i v i n o u s T h e bagasse ii
. is i nc i n era ted a n d m ixed
, ,

w i th bl a c k j u n i per o i l $7, $9 (lib as a n appl i c at i o n to th e sore

,

h eads of c h i ldre n .

R a w s u gar i s cal l ed 1711; E li (

? S h a t a n g or
) 55; g(
fi T zfi -
‘

The se c o n d c hara c ter i s n o w m ore c o m m o n l y wri tte n fig

Th e n a m e i s der i ved fro m th e fa c t th at i n th e Ta n g
d y nasty d u ri n g t h e re i g n o f th e E m peror Ta i ts u n g the
( jg) ,
-
,

m ethod o f bo i l i n g th e j u i c e o f t h e cr u sh ed ca n e was i n trod uced

i n to Sze c h ua n a n d oth er parts o f C h i n a fro m T u rkesta n or
Ce n tra l A s i a H e n ce th e ter m f o r s u gar is m ade up o f th e
.

ch aracter fo r th e n a m e of th e d y n asty co m b i n ed w i th th e
” ”
“
fo od or r i c e rad i cal
“
T h e m e th od of m a n u fact ure as
.

fi rst i n trod u c ed i n to C h i na i s gi ve n i n th e P en ts a o T he .

c h ara c ter fi g
; ( T a g ) is a lso sed b u t i t is probabl y a wro n g
‘
n u ,
3 88 C H I N E S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

tra n s ferred i n to earth e n ware v essel s o f a co ni cal sh ape -

,

t h e arti c le bei n g t he n k no wn as fig zj g ( T a n g These ' ‘

co nes be i ng i n verted i n to e m pty vessels t o dra i n i n a sh or t ,

ti m e a n arti c le k n ow n as g i f fig ( C h i c h i h t a n g ) i s for m ed ,
-
‘ - ‘

a n d partly dried i n th e s u n I n re fi n i n g m o ist clay is pl aced

.
,

o n th e base re n ewed as re q u ired a nd i n d ue co u rse re m oved

, , ,

w he n the s ugar o n be i n g shake n free fro m th e co n e is fo u n d

, ,

t o c o nsist of th ree o r fo u r grades th at at th e apex be i n g coarse ,

a n d m oist k n ow n to th e trade as {g E ( L ou we i ) th e n ex t i n
,
-
,

order bei n g $8 fig ( C h i eh t a n g ) th e nex t $5 ; -

fig (
‘
Ya ng 7

a n d above al l fa fi} g ( K u n g fé n
:
w h i c h i s th e w h i test
-

”
a n d best T he m olasses is treated a fter wards to m ake th e fig:
.

fig ( H u n g a n articl e w h i c h th e C h i n ese us e as a laxa tive

re medy .S tea m m i ll s a nd re fi n eries h ave bee n i n trod u c ed i n to

th e so u th m a n y o f w h ich are t h e res u l t o f fore i gn e n terprise
, .

Th ese are s upplyi n g m u c h bet ter grades o f s ugar at s u c h c h eap

rates that l ocal m a nu fac t u re is bei ng dri v e n o u t I t h as no t .

bee n poss ibl e to lear n w heth er t h e s ugar beet is ye t c u l ti va ted -

t o a ny ex te n t i n C h i na B arley s u gar i s m a n u fact u red i n

.

F u kie n u nder th e n a m e of 5k fig ( Pi ng A sort o f

dextrose is also m ade i n m a n y parts o f C h i na f ro m th e fig 5K
( N o m
-
i ) gl u,
ti n o u s ri ce S u gar is o fte. n fo u n d ad u lterated i n

C h i n a as else wh ere w i th sa nd ri c e m ea l a nd t he l i ke
, ,
Th e, ,
.

sa m e i deas abo u t th e da m age to th e teeth a nd digest i ve or ga n s

by s ugar prevai l i n C h i na as are e n tertai n ed i n Wester n co u n tries .

I t is freq u e ntl y u sed as a n appl i catio n to w o u nds u l cers bo i ls , , ,

a n d i n fla m ed eyes I t i s n oted th a t bot h barl ey s u gar a n d

.

rock ca nd y are cal led 9k fig

-
.

S A G I N A M A X I M A — i$ i f, $2 ( C h i k u . T h is is “ ‘ -

a Japa n ese i de n ti fi catio n I t i s gi ve n i n th e P e n ts a o u nder th e

‘

art icle o n 25 135 2 7? S h u ya n g w h i ch i n j apa n is

( -

S o l m zu m Zy m zfu m Th ree d isti n c t pl a n ts are described th e

.
,

th ird bei n g cal led 55 BE fig Zéj ( Lao y a yé n c h i n g

1 - - -

w h i c h i s th e sa m e as th e 53 L g S ol m zzmz mgr zm z
(
1
u n .

Th ese descri pti o ns are very m uc h m i xed ; b ut th ere is n o

d o u bt t hat o n e of th e m re fers to a S ag i n a a nd th at th is i s t h e ,

o n e m ost co m m o n l y call ed C/ Th e n a m e is sai d

'

z zJ
‘
u
e

to be deri ved fro m t h e fact th at t h e pla n t is regarded as a n

 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDO M .
389

a ntidote to var n ish poiso n i n g Th e j u i c e o f th e pl a n t i s u sed .

i n fevers fo u l sores a n d al l sorts of paras i t i c sk i n d i seases

, , ,

d e c ay ed teeth va g i nal i nj uries n ervo us d i fli c u l t i es o f c h ildre n

,
‘
, ,

t o pro m ote t he grow th of h a i r i n v ar n ish poiso n i ng a nd i n ter , ,

n al l y i n j a u ndice j u st wh ich o f t h ese v ir.tu es is as c ri bed to

w h i ch pla nt i s n o t m ade clear .

S A G ITT A R I A S A G ITTI F O LI A if} .

( T ‘
zi i k u) ,
-

1 426 also w r i tte n E5{ 5 (Tz fi k u) a n d { g m( T z ii k u) O th er -

‘ - .

n a m es a re $5 fig ( C h i eh k u) [a mg ( P a i ti l i ) 7k ”
- a n d 2 - -
, , ,

( Sh u i for th e b u l b wh i l e th e stal k i s cal led 3} , 7] Ti

n wei re ferri n g to th e
( Ch ie n tao a nd
fig 5 fi ( t Y é
- -

sh ape o f th e l eaves Th is is co n fo u n ded w ith M al wa/

.
l a ma

h a s za ta a n d i ndeed th is l atter is call ed by th ese n a m es i n th e

‘

so u th A s o n e o f th e C h i n ese n a m es i nd icates i t i s also

.
,

c o n fo u nded wi th L e m u a I t i s also said to rese m bl e A l zs ma

'

p l m zi a
g o I t grows . i n sh al l o w w ater a n d i s also c u l ti va t ed i n ,

po n ds a n d i rri gated fi el ds Th e arro w sh aped l ea f i s w el l .

-

described i n th e P ém s a o I n th e fal l a nd earl y spri ng th e ’

.

t ubers are d ug up a nd ste a m ed for f ood Th e te nd er stal k i s .

si m il arl y u sed a nd a sort of arrow root is m ad e of t h ese prod u cts

,
.

T h e h erba g e is so m e wh at a crid T h e i n gesti o n o f th e t u bers .

i n th e raw ( c old ) stat e i s co n si dered to be d eleterio u s prod uc i n g ,

fl u xes weak n ess a nd h e m orrh oids Preg n a n t w o m e n sh o u ld n o t

, , .

eat of th e m Th ey are reco mm e nd ed i n de fi c ie n t l och ia a n d

.
,

i n rete n ti o n o f th e pl a c e n ta as wel l as i n grav el Th e br uised

,
.

leaves are appl ied i n fo u l sores s n ake a nd i nsect bi tes a n d as , ,

a powder to i tch i n g diseases .

S AG U S R U M P H I I —1=)Eiflli ( K ua n g l a n g) ; S ag zzer zzs r u m

.
-

3; k ( mu) Th e fi rs t c h ara c ter o f th e latter n a m e

8
’ ’

fi l n z , 7 S o -
.

is properl y wri tte n 5}1 ( So) Th e for mer i s al so c al l ed fig .

n m u ) re ferri n g t o i ts starc h a nd fi m )
( M i e -
, g k(
7 Tieh u re fer ,
-
,

i n g t o th e h ard n ess o f i ts w ood Th e tree gro ws i n L i n g na n .

,

a nd i t is c u l ti vated Th e descri pti o n o f t h e fe c u l a a nd th e

.

m ode of obtai n i n g i t is g i ve n i n th e P én tm o Th e bark i s u sed .

for m ak i n g ropes a nd th e fi ber for m ak i n g a coarse cl ot h or

,

m atti n g T he fr u i ts rese m bl e th ose o f A r eca ca ter/m a n d are

.
,

s u pposed to re n der fl ui d t h e bl ood a nd disperse ecch y m oses .

 3 90 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

T h e s ag a called Hf ifflls (,K u a n g la n g m ie n ) is c o nsid ered to - -

,

be very n u tr i tio u s a nd stre ngth e n i ng Th e seco n d above n a m ed .

i s a n al l ied k i n d o f pal m fo u nd grow i ng i n A n n a m a nd cal led ,

1 1 (
g 7 : H s i a n g m u ) Th e tree i s so m e wh a t ta ll er th a n th e ot h er
-
.

a n d gro ws o n m o u n ta i n rid ges I t rese m bles th e co ir pal m .

-
,

b u t fu r n i shes th e fe c ul a wh ic h y ield s sago Th ere is no appar .

e n t d i ff ere n ce i n t h e prod u c t o f th is tre e a n d th at o f t h e other .

S A LI S B U R I A A D I AN TIF O LI A h si ng)
( Y i n .
-
,

é ( Pai k u o) 9 52 Th is tree gro ws so u t h o f th e Y a n gtse

-
, .
,

a n d is s a i d to be fo u n d at i t s best i n H s ii a n c h é n hsie n i n N i n g - -
g
k u ofu A n h u i
,
I t grows fro m t we n ty to th i rty fee t h i gh wi th
.
,

th i n vertica l leaves rese m bl i ng a d uck s foot ( tria n gu lar fa n

,
’ -

s h aped
) I n th e seco n d m o n th th e tree bloo m s w i th a gree n is h
.

w h i te b ud w h i c h ope ns i n the n igh t a nd q u ick l y drops o ff so

, ,

th a t m e n rarel y see t h e flower o n th e tree Th e fr ui ts are .

bor ne p ro l i fi ca ll y o n th e bra n ch es a nd rese m bl e l ot us seeds ,

.

T h ey ri pe n afte r fros t T he seeds are po i n ted a t th e e xt re m i .

ties a nd are m arked by t wo or t h ree l o ngit u d i na l r idges

,
T he .

C h i n ese say tha t th e th ree r id ged seeds prod u c e sta mi ni fero us

p la n ts a n d th e t w o ridged p is t il i fe ro us o n es
,
Care sh o uld be .

tak e n to pla n t both k i nds o f seeds to gethe r T h is tree is th e .

bzl oba t he ge n eric ter m bei n g deri ved fro m th e j a pa n ese

‘

0 23s ,

pro n u n c i a t i o n o f t he t w o c h ara c te rs sg ( Y i n k uo
) I t i s a -
.

tree o f grea t bea ut y a n d has bee n s uc c essful l y tra nspl a n ted to

,

E u ro pe a n d A m erica gro w i n g q u i te wel l eve n i n th e,

n orth ,

a n d th e fr u i ts r i pe n i n g i n t he war m er l ati t u des o f th e so u th .

Th ese are resi n o us b i tterish a nd as tri nge n t ,

Th e P a l l /mo ,
.
,
”
wh i te f r u i ts -
o f the s hops co ns is t o f t h e n u t l ike seeds
, ,
-
,

w h i c h are fro m th re e—q u a r ters o f a n i nc h to o n e i n c h l o n g a n d ,

h ave a b r ow n i s h w h i te s m ooth h ard shel l -

Th e ker ne l , ,
.

co n sists of t wo ye l low m ealy cotyl edo ns c o vered w it h a bea u ti , ,

fu l,
th i n re dd is h m e m bra n e
,
Th e C h i n es e c o ns u m e t hese .

n u ts a t w edd i n gs th e s h e“ be i n g d yed red ,

They a re also .

m u c h u sed at feas ts a n d a re: a fa i r s u bsti t ute fo r l ot us seeds

,
.

\
Th ey h ave a so me wh at fi s h y taste a nd are s u pposed to be n e fi t ,

a st h m a c o u ghs
, i rritab i l i ty o i t he bladder bl e no rr h oea a nd
,
‘

, ,

u ter i n e fl u xes E a te n ra w they destroy c a nc e r a n d are

.
,

c o u n ter v i n o us -
C ooked t h ey a re said to be pep t i c a n d
.
,
3 92 C H I N E S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

are ro u n der a nd sh orter tha n th ose o f th e l ast a nd sh ort sti ff , ,

bra n c h es w i th redd ish bark a nd wood th at i s fi t to m ak e

,

arrows P oss i bly m ore th a n o ne k i nd o f w il l o w i s i n c l u ded

.

u n der th ese ter m s as th e

+5
5 ( P u ya n g ) i s sa i d to h ave lo n g
‘ -
,

lea ves a n d pl ia n t bra nc h es s u i ta ble for m a ki ng bask ets T he .

tw i gs a n d leaves 7 4 6 are used i n c h ro n i c dyse n tery c a nc ero us

, , ,

sores a n d as a d ressi ng t o s m all pox u l c ers

, The w h i te bark .

o f th e tree a n d th e roo t
7 4 1 i s u sed i n si m i lar c ases a n d as
, ,

a s ty pti c a n d a n ody n e i n wo u nds .

S A L V I A J A P O N I C A — ffl FE $ 2 ( S h u we i 1 1 71 .
-
.

Th is p la n t tak es i ts n a m e fro m i ts flo we r sp i kes w h i c h so m e ,

w h at rese m ble t h ose o f l zzag o m a o r

j I t is u sed for d ye i ng
‘
.

bla c k a nd fo r th at reaso n is cal led

, $ 2 ( Wu I t grows
i n m arshes a nd is th erefore c al led 7k
, ( S h ui There
are t wo var i e t i es o n e w i th red a n d t h e oth er w i t h w h i te fl owers
,
.

Th e flowers a n d l eaves are u sed i n m ed i c i n e i n s tr u m a ,

fl u xes a n d d is c h arges
,
Th e w h i te flo we red k i n d is good for
.
“ -

”
col orless d i sch arges a n d th e red flo were d f o r red d i s c h arges
,
-
.

I t is also u sed i n ag u e a nd d ropsy .

S A L V I A M I L TI ORR H I Z A fl ( Ta n sh é n
) 1 2 4 6 .
- -
,
.

Th is lab i ate pla n t is gro wn i n S he ns i S h a nsi Sha n t un g a nd , , ,

i n th e Pek i n g m o u n tai ns i t i s a c o m m o n pl a n t I t h as fro m t h ree .

to seve n h i rs u te l eaves a n d l arge vi olet flo wers Th e r oot i s .

red exter n al l y a nd p u rplish i n ter nall y wh e n fresh I t i s sold .

i n sh ort sh ri velled p ieces o f a bri g h t bri ck red col or so m e

, ,
-
,

t i m es bra n ch i ng or t wi sted a nd ge n eral ly bris tl i n g w i t h radi ,

cles . Th e i n ter i or is soft a nd th e tas te o f t h e w h ole is ,

s weetish rese mbl i n g tha t o f l icori ce T h is root i s o ne o f th e

, .

fi v e astral re m ed ies 5 g ; ( Wu S h em) wh i c h are th o u gh t t o

, ,
-
,

correspo n d to th e fi v e c ol ors — yel l o w w h i te black p urple a n d , , , ,

red —a nd to th e fi ve pri n cipa l v iscera —splee n l u ngs k id n eys , , ,

l i ver a nd h eart
,
T his part i c ular o ne bel o n gs to th e h eart a nd
.
,

i ts red c ol o r s ug gests th e bl ood I t is cred ited w i t h al tera ti ve .

,

a n tispas mod i c ar th ri ti c to n ic sedat i ve astri n ge n t a n d v ul

, , , , ,

n e ra r y properti es a nd i t is h i ghl y reco m m e n ded i n al l bl ood

,

d i ffi c ul t i es h e m orr h ages me n str ual d isord ers a nd m isca r

, , ,

r i a ge s .
 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDOM .
3 93

S A L V I A P LE B I A —fyflj ( C h i n g c h i eh
) 1 7 5 T hfis -
,
.

C h i n es e n a m e i s u sed fo r v ar i o us pla n ts s uc h as N op ol a te a m
'

r zf a a a m v u l a r e /
zzlze zr osp e r m a m
’

f Al a Za /zoeo l a ta O P
'

ol za h
‘
o , g g , ,

o/zzi ze zzs o E ZS / a n d zll ol a m ra m is des c ribed i n th e

'

I
'

zol f z za , py t ,
.

ram
C a ) m f ( w h i ch
’

P é m s a o u nder 45‘
? g; ( h i s u T o a o r zz s zo l oa g o -
,
‘

see ) a n d i s no t d is t i n g u i sh ed m ed i c i n al l y fro m i t
,
A t Pek i n g .
,

h o we ver C/ i s S a l o za p l e bi a
'

zzzzg ,
.

S A LV I N I A N A T AN S .
-
§f§g ( Tz ii see L om rza
m i n or lg a m s , ( H ua i yeh see H
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. S a l w i zza oa 15g 2g g
g 1 - 1

/ m or s a s ga a a r zf o l za
’
’ ' '

o a nd ll a z s zl za
’
ra /
zo
'
a r oo za r zs I .

S A M B U C U S J AVAN IC A —F2E a ( Ln y i n g ) Th e de .
_
-
.

scri pt i o n o f t h i s pl a n t i n t h e P oa zs a o i s very vag u e b u t i t s

‘
‘
,

i de n t i ty is s u ff i c ie n tl y establ i sh ed by obser va ti o n Th e leaves .

a n d r oot are u sed i n m ed i c i n e a n d a re regarded as n o n poiso n ,

-

o us I t i s pres c ri bed fo r a ll d iseases o f bo n es pai n a n d n u m b

.
,

n ess a n d rh e u m ati c d i ffi c u l t i es ge n e ral ly

,
.

S AM B UC U S RA C E M O S A — j§ 7 k ( C h ieh k u m u) .
- -
,

0 T h i s is t h e sa m e as S a m oa oa s a nd is a real
9 .

w ood y old e r O th er n a m es a re fig .
7 k ( H s u k u m u) a n d
- -

fl g ( M u so I t gro ws ex te ns i ve l y
-
t h ro u g h o u t
C h i n a a nd i s a s m al l tree fro m t e n to fi ftee n fee t h i g h a n d
, ,

h as a h ol l o w stern I t is so me t i mes c u l t i v a ted . T he j u i c e i s .

acrid a nd sl i gh tl y e m et ic I t i s used i n broke n bo nes sprai ns .

, ,

colds a n d cari o us teeth

,
Th e bar k of th e root is u sed i n .

d ropsy a g ue a n d s u pp ressed loc h ia

, ,
A s i t is e m et ic care .
,

sh o u l d be exer c ised i n i ts us e T he l ea ves are u sed i n a g u e .

fi ts w h e n ad ul ts u s e t h e j u ice of se ve n lea ves a n d ch i ld re n t h at

,

o f th ree l eaves T h is prod u ces e m esis w h i c h i s s u pposed to

.
,

break th e a t tack .

S A M B UC US T H U N B E RG I A N A fig ( S o .

A l so c al led an “5 $1 ( C h i eh k u 90 T h is i s t he sa m e as -
.

S a m oa oa s o/zm on s zs
'

I t is a h al f w oody h alf h erbaceo u s pla n t

.
-
,
-
,

a nd
g rows q u ite c o m m o n l y i n w as te gro u n d I t h as fi ve .

par ted l eaves w h i te fl o wers a nd berry l ik e fr ui ts w h i c h

, ,
-

beco m e red w h e n ri pe T h e l ea v es s t e m a nd root are used i n .

, ,
3 94 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

med i c i n e , h a v e a so ur tas t e , are poiso n o u s be i n g e m e t i c a nd

,
.

T h e v are u sed i n decocti o n i n t h e bat h i n t he tre a t m e n t o f -

i tc h y s c al y a n d parasi tic s ki n d iseases Th ey a re so m e w ha t

, , .

u sed i n ter n al l y i n obsti n ate ag u es s up pressed l oc h i a a n d , ,

a n asarca .

S A N D AR A C —I t is n o t k n o w n th at t h is s ubsta n ce
.

appears by i tsel f i n C hi n ese c o m m er c e ; at l east n o n a m e h as

bee n fo u n d for i t Por t er S m i t h g i ves i t
.
( Y un h s ia ng
g) a s a
ter m fo r i t a n d th is t er m i s i n deed f o u n d i n th e P oa zs a o re fer
,
‘

ri n g t o a n h erb ( R a f a g r a o oo Zo/zs) a n d as o ne o f th e n a m e s o f ,

Sy mp looos p n m zf ol za
'

U nder t h is las t ar ticle th ere i s a re fer

.

e n ce to a res i n co m i n g fro m K h ote n w h i c h i s cal led % fi g 5 2

n hsia n g ch iao ) I t is used i n pol i sh i n g j ade s q u i te
( Y u - -
. I t i .

probabl e th at ol iba n um is s o m eti m es fo u n d w ith a n ad m i xt u re

o f sa n dara c as o fte n h appe ns i n th at fo u n d i n wester n ph ar
,

m acies a n d i t m a y eve n be th a t t h e p u re sa n darac i s so m eti m es

,

co n fo u n ded i n C h i n a w it h ol i ba n u m or storax P orte r S m i th .

d id no t cl ai m to be able to proc u re th e d r u g i n H a n k o w b u t says ,

th at i t is so m e w h at w h iter th a n m astich a n d i s u sed i n m u c h

t h e sa me way as th e o t h er resi ns : Zi a as a st i m u la n t sedat i ve , , ,

a n d deod ori z i n g dr u g I t i s ofte n p ut i n to cl oth es tr u n ks to -

.

k eep away m o t hs G w za a off 05a is t h e I n d ia n n a m e o f a

’ /
.

d r ug rese mbl i n g sa n darac .

S AN G UI S OR B A O F F I CI N A L I S u —fil; R ( Ti
FE -
yu) ;
P otoma m
’

fi
'

o oza a l o .

S A N T A LU M A L B U M — T a n hsi a n g ) Th is is
{g g (
‘ ‘

-
7r . .

so mew h at co n fo u n ded w i t h l m a nd P t er oca r

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D a l oozjg za p oa zza

maha as E 5; (
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p us sa
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. n g u ish ed as th e
B ut i t i s n .
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t a n) tr u e t a n C h a wh ich s i n i m i ta
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a nd
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n

t io n o f th e Sa n s c r i t o/ za zza a a a th e n a me o f th e s a n d a l wood ’
,

i n I nd i a A n oth er n a m e i s E! jjfi fig ( Pai ch a n

. Th e -

pri n c i pal n a m e is ex pl ai n ed by i ts ph o n eti c 5 ( Ta n) w h i c h

”

”
a nd r
"
m ea n s tr ue “
si n c er e ,
e fers to th e use o f th e wood as
“
,

i n c e nse fo r w orsh i p T he wood ori gi nal l y ca m e fro m t h e.

co u n tr i es o f th e B udd h ists a n d M oh a m m eda n s bu t is no w ,

grow n i n Li n g na n M ed i c i nal l y i t i s re garded as car m i n ati v e

.
,
3 96 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

I t h as bel l shaped flo wers w i t h a n i nflated c al y x e n c l os i n g t he

-
,

A t Pek i n g S i l o/w ap r zoa i s c al le d b y t h is n a m e

'

seed ca ps u le .
,
.

Th e pla n t i s sl i p pery a n d u n c t u o us a n d w h e n t rod u p o n i s a pt ,

to c a u se a fal l H e n c e o n e o f th e pr i n c es fo r bad e i ts be i n g
.
,

allo wed to gro w i n th e pala c e gro un ds F ro m t h i s arose t h e .

t wo pr i n c i pal n a m es T he seed s are d ark red a n d r o u nd

.
,

rese m bl i n g t u r n i p seeds T h e root sh oot flow ers a nd lea ves .

, , ,

are al l u sed i n m ed i c i n e a n d are sa id to be v ul n e ra ry sty pt i c , ,

d i u re t i c galactagog u e d is c u t i e n t a nd so l ve n t
,
Th ey are a
, ,
.

sol d ier s re m edy a fter re c ei v i n g wo u n ds

’
.

SARACA IN DICA 5
4g 75 ( Wu y u h u a ) The .
- -
.

”
fl ow ers o f th i s sorro wless tree u po n w h i c h t h e m o t h er o f
“

Sa k ya m u n i B u dd h a is sai d to h a ve la id h old i n t h e pa n gs o f
th e b i r th o f h er s o n are bare ly m e n t i o n ed i n th e [ ( zza zzg o/
,
zm a -

f a ng pa
-
I t i s a l eg u m i n o u s tree a n d t h e leg e n d 1 8 th a t i t
.
,

al ways b u rsts i nto fl o wer w he n to u c h ed by a w o ma n I t is .

t h erefore a w o m a n s re m ed y ’
.

S AR G A S SU M S I L I Q U A ST R U M .
( Ha i -
tsao ) .

See A lg ae .

S A U R U R U S L OU R E IR I {3 § ( S a n pai Th e .
-

C usto m s l i sts g ive TE ( S an

y a hu
) E TE : ( S a n ya - - -

1 06 4 ,
b u t fro m w ha t s o u r c e t hese a re d er i ved has n o t bee n
fo u n d . T he pla n t gro ws i n m arsh y gro u n d has a s ta l k th a t ,

re s e m bl es P o lyg om m z leaves t ha t rese mble th ose o f C ol os za

'

af
g on t oa a n d i n t h e fo u rth m o n th th e th ree ter m i n a l l ea ves
,

o f t h e pl a n t s u c c ess ivel y beg in t o t ur n w h i te Th ere is a .

co m m o n sayi n g o ne lea f w h i te ea t w h eat ; t w o l ea ves

,
“
,

w h i te ea t p l u m s a nd apri c ots ; t h ree lea ves w h i t e ea t

, ,
”
m i l let . I n t h e fi ft h m o n t h i t bears a sp i ke o f s ma l l w h i te , ,

sl ig h tly fragra n t flowers fol lowed by s m al l o n e seede d berri es , ,

-
.

Th e root i s wh i te elast i c j o i n ted a n d c overed w i t h bris tl y

, , ,

rootl ets Th e pla n t i s to be d i sti n g u i s hed fro m P olyg o n u m

.

'

wh i ch h as bla c k spots o n t he lea ves T h e fl o wers

'

p e r s zoa r za ,
.

a n d root are u sed i n m ed i c i n e a n d are c o n s i dered to be sl i g h tly ,

deleterio us E l i m i n at i v e a n t i m alar i a l a n d paras i ti c id e prop

.
,

e t t i es are attr i b u ted to i t .

 VEGE T A B L E K I N GDOM .
397

S AX I F R AG A — Li
H I fi ( S A R M E N TO S A r
H u e rh
:
-

Th is grows i n m ois t shady pl aces a n d is a l s o c ul ti vated o n , ,

sto n y gro u n d I t h as a creepi n g sta l k a n d se n ds u p lea f stal k s

.
,
-

to th e he i gh t o f fi ve or s i x i nch es t h e lea f blade bei ng ro u n d ed ,

-
,
’
h ai ry a n d sh aped l ik e a ti ger s ear or l ot us l ea f For t h is
,
.

las t reaso n i t is so met i mes cal l ed $6 fi fi ( S h i h h o ve h ) Th e - -

.

fl owe r w h i c h O pe n s i n s u m m er i s pale red T h e dr u g i s u sed

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.

i n ch ole rai c d i ffi c ul ties v o m i ti n g d i sch arges fro m t h e ear a n d

, , ,

p i l es I n th e las t case th e pla n t i s dried i n th e s h ade a n d t h e n

.
,

se t fi re to i n a b uc ket a n d u sed t o s tea m or s mok e s wo l l e n , ,

pa i n fu l h e m orrh oids .

S C A P H IU M S CA P H I G E R U M
g ta ha i ) .
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— Ta t g ) j
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( A j g lid ( k ifi 3
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r n n a n u n u o q
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h ai t z ii ) 1 2 2 3
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Th is d r u g co m es fro m the Tat u n g m o u n tai n
.

o f A nn a m w h ere i t g ro ws i n th e d ark ness o f t h e j u n gle

,
It .

i s des c ribed i n t h e P é zzts a o as fol l ows Th e fr u i ts rese m bl e “

d r i ed C a n a r i u m fr u i ts h a v e a yel lo wish bla c k sk i n very m u c h

,

w r i n k led a n d w h e n soak ed i n water t h e layers s wel l u p i n to a

,

c lo u d y m ass B ut i n t h e m idd le i s a so ft sh e l led seed c o n tai n

.

”
i n g t h e coty ledo ns t he taste o f w h i ch is s wee tish ,
The d r ug .

i s also f o u nd i n Sia m w h ere th e t ree i s c al led B oa ta m fia zl ,

- -

o zm T e leaves e xa m i n e d by
'

za r a z a n d B n
’

f g P a la z h
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.

H a n b u ry w ere abo u t fi ve i n c h es l o ng si m pl e e n ti re ovate , , ,

ac u m i nate a n d glabro us o n both s u rfaces T h e fr u i ts a re abo u t

,
.

a n i n ch lo n g ov oid a n d w i th o u t a ped i c le
,
t h e c icatri x le ft by
, ,

t h e dark brow n deepl y w ri n k led fr u i t bei n g very co ns p i c u o u s

-
,
-

a nd c u r i o usl y O bl iq u e w i t h a k i n d of sp u r The th in dry

, .
,

e p i d er m i s be i n g re m o v ed reveals a d ry bla c k m esoca rp w i th i n , , ,

w hi ch is th e c e n tral seed c o nsist i n g o f t h e tw o s h r u n ke n ,

cotyl ed o n s Wh e n th e fr ui t i s p u t i nto wa ter f or so m e fe w

.

h o u rs th e th i n ep i d er m is peels o ff a nd t h e d ark m esocar p

, ,

s wel l s u p i n to a very la r ge tasteless m ass o f gela ti n e sh owi n g ,

al l th e wri n k l es o f th e fr ui t a nd i m parti n g a d ar k t i n t to t h e ,

water Th is is d u e to th e b a ss o r i ne co n ta i n ed i n th e peri c a rp
.
.

S ir R H S c h o m b urgk was told th a t w h ere t h e trees gro w by

. .

a roadsid e a nd th e fr u i ts d rop o n th e road ab u nd a n tl y a fter a ,

h ard ra i n t here w i l l be s u c h a m ass O f gl u t i n o u s j e l l y for m ed

t h at t h e passage O f th e road b y tra v e l lers is a m atter of d i f
3 98 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

fi c u l ty . E x trava ga n t
properties a re a ttr i b u ted to th e d r u g .

”
S a i d to grow i n t h e S h ade i t is a re m ed y for fi re i n th e ,
“

syste m I t is u sed to br i ng o u t th e er u pt i o n o f s m a ll pox to

.
,

c u re al l fevers ph th isis h e m orrh age fro m the n ose sto m ac h

, , , ,

bo w els o r bl adder to c o un tera ct poiso n s u n s trok e O ph t h al m i a

, , , ,

to o tha c h e i n test i n al w or ms h e m orr h oi ds dr y co u g h fe ver i n

, , , ,

th e m arro w a l l sorts O f u l c er ,
a nd i t i s d i fl
i c u lt to e n u m erate ,
“

”
a l l o f i ts m ed i c i n al v irt ues S o m e years ago i t was i n trod u c ed .

i n to Fra n ce as a c ertai n spe c ifi c i n d iarrh oea a nd d yse n ter y .

I ts vi rt ues w ere probabl y d u e to be i n g a mu c ilagi no u s d r i n k

s u bstit u ti n g al l oth e r m ed i c at i o n t h us a ff ord i n g res t a n d a n ,

opport u n i ty for th e d iseased orga ns to recover The j e lly is .

swe ete ned a n d e ate n b u t i ts pr i nc i pal u s e is as a d o m es t i c

,

cooli n g de m ulce n t a nd lax ati ve re med y

, , .

SCH IZ A N D R A C H I N E N S I S — E E D ( W )
‘
/je u we i tzfi .
_
- -
,

1 47 7 . T h is i s c o n fo u nd ed w i t h i ts al l ied ge n us X a a s m a a nd ’ ’

i n j apa n K a a s a r a j afi ozzzoa i s fij 5 [H
’
e ( N a n w u we i ) a n d
’
’
z - -
, ,

S o/ zza a a d r a o/
’

i 5 b: ( Pe i wu w ei ) 9 9 6
'
“
t
'

zza oi zs zs z l Th e dr u g ,
- -
,
.

is sa i d t o h ave fi ve d is t i n c t tastes Th e S k i n a nd p u l p o f t h e .

f r u i t are s weet a n d s o u r t h e ker n els are p u nge n t a nd bi tter, ,

a n d th e wh ol e h as a sal ty taste Th i s gi ves r i se to th e n a m e .

,
”
“
fi v e flavors The pla n t i s a c l i m ber a nd t h e fr ui t is a
.
,

b erry be i n g blac k i n th e case o f S olzzz a zza r a mgr a a nd red i n

’
’
, ,

t h at o f K a a s a r a a nd S o/
’
’ ’
zzz a zza r a T he fr ui t a n d
bra n ch es co n ta i n a great a m o u n t o f v i s c id m u c oid m a ter ia l ,

a n d t h e J apa n ese wo m e n are said by S iebold to dress th eir h ai r

w i th i t i t be i ng also u sed to s ize t h e j apa n ese m u lberry bar k

,
-

pa per Th e speci m e n s of th e dr ug ge neral l y c o n ta i n p ort io ns of

.

th e stal ks of th e berries w h i c h are col le c ted i n a head as t h e y

,

grow u po n th e trees w h i c h s upp ort th e trail i ng pla n t To n i c .

,

ap h rod i s i ac pectoral a nd le n i ti ve p ropert i es are ascribed to

, ,

th e pl a n t al t h o ugh th e C h i nese u n w isel y rej ec t th e bra n ch es

, ,

w h i c h y ield a m u ci lag i no us de c octio n e ffi ca c i o us i n d yse n tery , ,

go n orrh oea a nd c o u gh s ,
The pl a n t i s be l ie ved to co n tai n th e
.

q ui n tesse n c e o f th e fi v e ele m e nts as th e basis of its properties .

S C IR P U S C Y PE RI NUS — E fiflg ( K u a i ‘
Th is is
m e nti o n ed i n th e P é m s a o i n a foot n ote to Gy mn ot/
’

zr zx
‘
4 oo C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

a ft e r wards d ry i n g i n th e shade I n th is way th ey i n a l a rge .

m eas u re lose t h e i r poiso n o u s properties A n ody n e c o n st ru c t .

,

i v e to n i c d i u re tic a n d t us s i c properti es are a ttr i b u ted t o t h e

, , ,

d r u g a n d i t is prescr i be d i n dy s e n tery c o ug h s m a n ia ep i le psy

, , , , ,

d rops y t oot h a c h e ca n ce r o f t he breast a n d p rola p s e o f th e

, . ,

re c t u m T h e roo t i s u sed i n per n i c i o us m al ar i a a n d i n paras i t i c

.
,

sk i n d i seases .

S C RO P H UL AR I A O L D H A M I Z? ( H s ii a n s h é n) .
-
,

1 56 3 T h e fi rs t c h aracter i s also f req u e n tl y w r i tte n 7 3 ( Y ua n)

. .

Th e pla n t is al so c al l ed 2 23 ( H e i sh en) a nd $33 35 fifk ( Ye h ,

-

ch i h m a )-
I t h as op posi te leaves w h i c h a re l o n g a n d s e r ra ted
.
, .

I t gro ws fo u r a n d fi v e feet h i gh h as a sle n de r ste m o f p u rpl ish ,

gree n c ol or I t bears gree n ish p u rple or w h i te fl o wers a nd

.
, , ,

bla c k fr u i ts Th e s te m wh i c h is sq u are a n d th e leaves are

.
, ,

c overed w i th h airs T h e roots w h i c h re prese n t t h e d ru g .

,

proper are abo u t t h ree or fo u r i n c hes l o ng a n d n early a n i n c h

, ,

i n d i a m eter i n th e m i d dl e taper i n g o ff to ei t h e r e n d T h ey ,
.

are b r ow n exter n al l y a n d very i rreg u larl y fu rro we d a nd wr i n k ,

l ed . T h ey ar e flesh y a nd d ark i n ter na l ly a nd m o is t i n fresh ,

sa m ples S o m e o f th e roots are bra n ch ed an d j oi n ted

. Al .

th o u g h th is i s s a id to be used by i nce nse makers i t h a s very -

,

l i ttl e s m el l a n d th e taste i s ra w a nd s wee t is h

,
I t is very .

l iabl e to be at tack ed by wor ms I t is regard ed as cool i n g .

,

d i ureti c to n ic a nd res tora ti ve a nd is presc r ibed i n fevers

, , , ,

m al aria ty ph oid s c ro ph u l o us gla nds galac torr h oea a nd l e u

, , , ,

c orr h oea .

S C UT E LL AR I A M A C R A N T H A 2S
: H ua ng
( .

5 3 1 . Th i s n a m e see m s also t o be applied to S cu te l l a r i a v i s ci

’
a u la Th is Ch i n ese S k u llcap is a co m m o n pl a n t i n n earl y
.

e very part o f C h i na i n M o n gol ia a nd wel l i n to S iber i a It , ,

.

gro ws abo u t a foot h i gh has s m all la n ceolate lea ves a nd , , ,

bears bl u e flo wers O th er spe c ies w h i c h are also u sed bear .

, ,

y el l ow o r p u rple fl owers
,
Th e root w h i c h i s us u al l y c u t
, .
,

i n to sl i c es i s l i gh t spo n gy yel l ow i n col or sl igh tl y b i tter

, , , , ,

a n d m u c i lag i n o u s W h e n i t is fres h a nd sol id i t i s c al led

.
,

l
} 2? ( T zu a n d w h e n old brok e n a nd fu l l o f h ol es , , ,

i t is call ed E ( S u Th is ol d root fro m be i ng ,

 V EG E T A BL E K I N GDOM .
40 1

h oll ow a nd bl a c k w i t cal led 13 5 fi

h i n, is so m e t i mes ( Tu - fu) ,
“
j ealo u s w o m a n; s uc h a perso n be i n g s u pposed by t h e
C h i n ese to h ave t h e typi c a l rotte n black h eart T h is th i n g ,
.

i s sa i d to eq ua l i ze th e v i ta l pr i n c i pl es to be t o n ic to th e ,

bl adder q u i et i n g t o th e preg n a n t u ter u s sti m u la n t to th e

, ,

resp i ra tory org a n s a n od y n e a n d astr i n ge n t a n d i t is prescri bed

, , ,

i n fevers j a u nd i c e d i arrh oeas u lcers col ic a m e n o rrh ma

, , , , , ,

fl u xes bo i ls carb u nc l e a n d c a n c er of th e breast

, , ,
A fa m o u s .

pres c r i pt io n i s k n ow n as th e i 11 ( a n h u a n g wa n
)
”

”
th ree yel l ow p i l l
“ -
S ,
- -
,
a n d i s co m posed of th is root rh u bar b
-
, ,

( j i ) ( g
'

d C p i zs l e e ta
fii ) I t i s regard ed as a to i c a nd
‘

: a n
,
a n .

re c o n s tr u c t i ve re m ed y i n weak n ess of sex ual or i g i n i n m e n a nd

w o m e n T h e see d s are also u sed to clea nse th e bow els o f
.

bl ood a nd p us .

SE DU M E R Y TH R O S TI C TU M u —E; 35 ( C h i n g
certai n t h at th i s pla n t i n C h i n a i s n o t S emfi er w mzm
’

I t is no t

tecl or zm z . I t h as a la rge n um ber of n a m es m ea n i n g “

to
p rote c t fro m fi re as i t is s u pposed t o h ave t his q ual i ty
, ,

a nd is t h ere fo re pla nted i n p ots o n h o use t ops I t i s als o . .

m u c h c u l t i vated o n arti fi cial rocks i n gard e n s for or na me n t

at i o n Th e ste m i s ti nged w i t h red a n d y el l o w t h e leaves
.
,

are pale gree n sh i n i n g soft spoo n sh a ped t h ic k a nd no t

, , ,
-
, ,

p o i n ted T h ey h ave a bi tterish s wee t taste a nd c a n be

.
-
,

eate n a fter s c ald in g A n al l i ed s pecies cal l ed A g 51

.
,

( P a pao er h )
-
i s ve ry bea u t i fu l a nd is co m m o nl y c u l tivated
-
,
.

I t i s probabl y S ed u m a l bor os e zzm Th e l ea ves are co nsidered .

to h ave a n t i febr i le pro pert i es a nd are prescri bed i n a ll for ms ,

o f fever w o u n ds a n d i n fla m m a t i o ns
, ,
Th e fl o wers are used .

i n fl uxes fro m t h e vagi n a th e n er vo us a ff ec tio n s o f ch ild re n , ,

i n opa c i ty o f th e c o r nea a nd i n prolapse o f th e ge n i tal ,

orga n s after l abor Th e j uice o f t h e leaves is a co mm o n

.

do mest i c re med y i n er uptio ns as wel l as a n a p pl i cati o n ,

to b ur n s .

S E D U M LI N E AR E —fig E? g ( F o ch ia It is .
-

sa i d to rese m bl e p u rs l a ne to be fo u r or fi v e i nch es h i gh a nd , ,

to h ave a br i ttle ste m w i th fi ne l i n ear l eaves I t bl oo ms i n .

su mmer w i th a yel l o w fl o we r i s c ul t i vated o n s to ny la c es or

p ,
 40 2 C H I N E S E M A T E RI A M ED I C A .

o ld wal l s a nd i s t h o u gh t to h ave so m e m ysteri o us power o f

,

preve n t i n g fa m i n e I t i s sl i gh tl y po iso n o us a n d i s u sed as a

.
,

lo c al ap pl i c atio n i n th e treat m e n t o f b ur n s a nd s c alds .

SE DU M Z f 15} ( S h i h s un g ) I I 58
Sp .
-
5 -
,
. I n m os t pl aces
th i s i s L ycopoa zzm z cl a v a t zm z (see th e article Ly cop oa fu m) ,
'

’ ’
on

b u t Faber a lso g i ves th is i de n t i fi c at i o n .

S E L A G I N E LL A I NV OL V E N S ( C h u a n p o) .
-
.

Th e C usto m s L i sts 1 43 8 c o n fo u nd th i s w i t h g { E Q } (Wa n

, ,

n i e n s u n g ; b u t th i s i s properl y 3
-
) $3 ( Y u p o
) or l
y p
c o od i u m -
,

j p
a o m c zm z B re t s c h n e i d er says :
. T h is c u ri o u s pla n t o f “
th e
order Ly c o po d iace ae is very co mm o n i n th e Pek i n g m o u n tai ns
, ,

w here i t grows o n s to n es a n d rocks I t h as th e fro nd s c urled .

i n a n d co n tracted w h e n d ry i n w h ic h c o nd i ti o n i t i s o f a ,

y ell ow ish bro w n col or b ut i t ex pa n ds i m medi a t el y a n d ass u mes

-
,

a fres h gree n color w h e n p u t i n t o h ot w ater I ts co m m o n .

n a m e at Pek i n g i s 5 5; g w h ich m ea ns
(
‘
T a ng t a n g - ‘

”
i t beco m es gree n i n h ot w ater Th e p la n t i s also fo u nd
p le n ti fu l l y at N a n k i n g a n d w h ere ver th ere is rock y m oi st
, ,

gro u n d th at i s all owed t o re m ai n u n d ist u rbed I t is also cal led .

sh é n
5 Z 55 fi ( C h g p u ss u as i t i s th o u g ht
‘
aii
g
- - ~
;

to h a ve th e property o f prol o n gi n g li fe w he n ad m i n istered ,

m e d i c i n a l l v I t i s pres c ri bed i n c o u gh s prola pse o f th e rect u m

.
, ,

gravel a m e n orrh oea a nd h e m orrhage fro m t he bowel s

, ,
Th e .

power o f d ri v i n g away ev i l sp i ri ts i s also as c r i bed t o i t .

T w o oth er ly c opod i a c eo u s pla n ts are spoke n o f u n d er th is

arti c l e Th e y are c al led fit J ig ( Ti po) a nd ”3 Qt Ii ( H a n
.
,
-

sh én
g res pe c t i ve ly T hey are l i ke S el ag i n e l l a a nd t he
.
,

fi r s t i s u sed i n h e m orrh ages Th e se c o n d co mes fro m t h e

.

c o u n tr y o f the red so c k ed n o m ads i n K o k o n o r a n d is used i n

-
,

d ifl flc u l t la b or .

S E L I N UM M O N N IE R I .
lk
7i ( S h é See
Cm d zu m m o n 72 26 7 21
’ ’

S E LI NU M fi a i fl
( M i w u) T h is i s Faber s i d enti
Sp -
.
’

fi c a t i o n ; b u t Li S h i h C h en savs th at t h i s n a m e sta nds for t h e

-

y o u n g leave s of Co m os el zmm z a n u m bel li fe ro us

'
40 4 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED IC A .

I t i s u sed i n al l sorts o f ep ide m i c s j a u n d i c e m alari a a n d s nak e , , ,

or d o g bites D e c octed w i t h l i c o r i ce i t is u e d a s a n a n ti febri le

.
,
s
,

a nd w i th i
j ( H s i ao fo r th e
’

A r d zs za j ap o a zca
'

t e nes m us o f dyse n tery .

S E RI S S A F OET I DA 5Q (
3 C h u c h ie h O th e r ‘ -

n a m es are B (2 ( L i u y u e h l i n g ) a n d ii eh
E ( L i-
u y
- -

sh u a n g) Th ese l ast h o wever are c o n idered t o represe n t

, ,
s

ny m a s Th i s pla n t rese m bles S ol za ag o w rg o a u r ea b u t

'

a .
’
,

i s gree ner a nd m ore br i ttle Its flow ers r e se m bl e th ose o f .

M ea t/ 2a a r r/em s Th e sta l k a n d leaves are u sed i n c arb u n c les

.

a nd c a n cers .

S E S A M U M I N D IC U M — fifi fi ( H u E (C h i n g
.
m
r ‘

a g Th is l at ter i s sa i d to represe n t th e leaves o f t h e for m er

j n .
) .

Th e chara c ter fl it} is properl y appl i ed t o pla n ts y i eld i n g tex t i le

,

fi bers , as Cor e/ 20mm m em a L zi za m a nd as a nc i e n tl y to

' '
‘

, , , ,

Ca n n a bi s s a t i v a B u t h e m p see d h as bee n fro m a n c ie n t t i m es

,

a n arti c le o f food s o i t h as n o t bee n s urpr i si n g th a t th e ter m

sh o ul d be appl i ed to S es a m zm z w h i c h i s c o m m o n l y c al led at] ,

m al th o ug h th is l atter ter m also i n c l u des o n e or m ore

iiiiii ( Y a a
)
-
,

S pecies o f L i n u m Th e fa m o u s ge n eral C h a n g C h i e n bro u gh t

‘

.
, ,

th e seed o f t h ese o i l bear i n g pla n ts fro m t h e West w h e n h e

-

m ade h is fa m o us to u r i n t h e ti m e o f th e H a n d y n ast y F or .

H u)
th is reaso n i t gets th e c h arac te r ( S c y th i a n i n i ts
“
, ,

n a me ,
as d o th e m os t o f t h e p la n ts bro u gh t fro m a broad
by t h is obse rva n t traveler Th e a c c o u n t i n th e P é a ts a o
.

t horo u gh ly co n fo u n ds S esa m u m L zn a m a n d M a lg ed zzm z ; so

’ '

, ,

m edica l u ses are n o t c learl y de fi n ed Th e fr u i ts are d ark .

bro w n or bla c k fo u r a n gled ca ps u les t wo val ved a n d abo u t

, ,
-
,
-
,

a q u ar ter of a n i n c h l o n g T he taste i s s weet a n d aro m a ti c

. .

T h ey are used as cool i n g e m ol lie n t pe c toral l axative a n d , , , ,

u teri n e re m ed i es T h e seeds are d i st i n g u i sh ed betwee n bl a c k

.
,

H ei yu m a
7th [ fin ( -
) a n d w h i te
-
é id] 5 (
[
, 1 P ai
y u m a
) ; a nd ,
- -

Wh i le t h e m ed ic i na l p roperties are n e c essar i ly very m u c h al i ke ,

th e Ch i nese m ake certa i n dist i n ct i o n s i n th ei r u se G e n e ra ll v .

speak i n g th ey re gard th e seeds as e m ol l i e n t c o n str u c t i ve a n d

, , ,

cooli ng T he bla c k seeds are spe c i al l y u sed i n labor to pre

.
,

v e n t catch i n g cold a n d th e ra w seeds br uise d a re e m p l o v ed

,
 V EG E T A B L E K I NGDOM .

as a sor t o f po u l t i ce i n th e sore heads o f c h i ld re n a n d i n

ve n ere a l sores i n w o m e n T h e w h i te s e eds a re ea te n by .

n u rs i n g m ot h ers t o pre ve n t c o lds a n d c o n v u lsi o n s i n th e i r

i n fa n ts .T h e oil very n a t u ral ly has S i m i la r pro p er t i es
, ,
,

a nd i s u sed as a bla n d e m o l l i e n t i n ter n al l y i n di arrh oeas

,

a nd ex ter nal ly i n al l sorts o f sores I ts i n gest i o n is a l s o .

t h o u gh t t o fa c i l i ta te la bor Th e d re gs o f o i l fro m a n o ld
-
.

l a m p are c o ns i dered t o be spe c i a l l y e fli c a c i o us T he o i l c a k e .

-
,

[fig H }; ( M a k u p i n g) i s u sed t o fa tte n fi s h a n d to e n r i c h th e

‘
; a
- -
,

fi elds . I t i s also u sed as food fo r h u ma n c o n s u m pt i o n a n d is ,

e m ployed t o c l ea n t h e teet h a nd blacke n th e h a i r T h e Cfi zyzg .

‘
'

f a ng w h i c h i s the fol i age o f t h e pla n t i s also co ns i dered v ery

, ,

be n e fi cia l w h e n eate n h av i n g q u al i ties n o t m u c h i n feri or t o

,

t h ose of t he seeds A s tro ng de c o c tio n is reco mm e nded i n

.

dys m e n orrhoea Th e flowers are t h o u g h t t o m ak e t h e ha i r

.

grow after fav us a nd to pro m ote t h e grow th o f th e e y ebro ws

, .

T h ey are e m oll i e n t to th e i n test i nes a n d are u sed as a n ,

a ppl i cati o n to wa rts a n d oth er e xcres c e nc es o f t he S k i n Th e .

stal ks are i n ci n era ted a n d th e as h u sed o n h e m orrh oids a n d,

i n p u r u le n t o torr h oea .

S E S E LI LI B A N O TI S 5 — flg (
$ H si eh h a o ) Th i s i s an .
-
.

u m bel l i fero u s p la n t h a v i n g a ge n eral rese m bla n ce t o A r tem zs za

’ ’

u t i t d oes n o t h a v e th e o ff e ns i v e odor o f t h e l atter

'

p
a za cea b ,
.

T h e l eaves a n d root are bot h ed i ble I t i s c ar m i n at i v e a n d .

corre c tive a n d i s reco m me n ded i n flat u l e n c e a n d i nd i gesti o n

, .

A decoc ti o n is u sed t o w ash fo u l sores .

S E T A R I A IT A LIC A ( L i a ng
) T h i s is th e co m m o n . .

sp i ke d m i l l e t w h i c h i s s o ex te n si vel y gro w n for food i n t h e

,

n ort h o f C h i n a w h ere t h e p op ul ar n a m e o f th e pl a n t is as?

,

( K u tz ti ) a n d o f th e h u l led gra i n i s ) J
-
, 5 K ( H s i ao m i) Th e \
-
.

c haracter des i g n at i n g th is grai n is ex pl a i n ed by E ( L i a n g ) ,

”
“
ex cell e n t gr a i n A n oth er ex pla n at i o n is th at i t or i g i n al l y
.

ca m e fro m fig 311 ( Li a n g c h o u) for m erl y i n cl u d i n g parts of Sze -

,

s so m e t i m es
c h u a n H u pe h a nd H o n a n
,
Th e c h ara c ter
, ( )
S n i .

a ppl i ed t o th i s for m of m i llet b u t belo n gs rath er t o a n oth er ,

variety T h ree v ari eties of grai n are d ist i n g u i sh ed : iii a g ue

"

( H u a n g l i a n g m-
i ) yel low -
E1
7
233 fi t ( Pa,
i l i a ng mi
) w h i te
, a nd - -
, ,
4 06 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

K C h i n g l i a ng m i gree s p ossi bl e th at t h e las t

35 ( ) I i
3 ‘
3 t
5 5
n - -
,
.

i s c o n fo u n ded w i th S eta r za w r zd zs ( see bel ow ) T h e yel lo w

' ’ ’ '

gra i n i s co n s i d ered as c o nstr uc ti ve as w el l as e m ol l i e n t a n d ,

astri n ge n t i n d i a r r h rxf a s a n d c h ol era i c a ffe c t i o n s T h e w h i te .

i s co o l i n g a nd is th erefore re c o m m e nd e d i n feverish a n d
,

c h oleraic c o n d i t i o n s Th e gree n h a s a bo u t th e sa m e q u a l i t i es
.

as th e oth er t w o b u t is also d i u ret i c a n d stre n g t h e n i n g to

,

V iri l i ty A l l are u sed i n th e for m of c o n gee

. .

S E T AR I A I T A L IC A G LU TI N O S A — §7lt ( S h u) T h i s . .

is t h e gl u t i n o u s va r i ety o f t h e sp i ked m i l l et I t is n o t m uc h .

u sed as f ood as i t i s th o u g h t to obstr u c t th e v is c era b u t i t i s

,

ex te nsi vel y u sed fo r th e d i st il l i n g o f sp ir i ts T hree v ariet i es .

are m e n t i o n ed : y el l ow red a nd w h i te I t i s r c o m m e n ded i n

, ,
.
e

f ev erish c o n d i ti o ns as a l o c al a ppl i c a t i o n i n var n ish p o i so n i n g

, ,

m ixed w i th w h i te o f egg i n bo i ls a n d a bscesses a n d i n d og ,

b i te I t is used i n a c o n gee w i th A s l r ag a l a s lzoa ng tcfiy by

.

p reg n a n t w o m e n w h o h a ve a d is c h arge fro m t h e vag i n a .

S E T A R I A V I R I D I S ( Ger ma mka ) ( ) Ill] g

S n ,

H n su) ) n eral n a m e for m il le t

( sie -
A n c ie n tl y
.

( S n was a ge
fig 91s a nd ffi fi b u t l ater th is ter m is
’
l i ke grai n s i n c l ud i n g , ,

ap pl i ed to a n o n gl u t i n o us var i e ty o f t h e spi k ed m i l let d isti n

-
,

u i s h ed b y sh ort s p i kes a n d S h ort br i s tl e s T h i s i s al so c o m

g .

m o u l y c a l led ) J 5K ( H s iao m i ) i n th e n o rt h
\ Th ere are gree n
-
.
,

red y el lo w w h i te a n d b la c k variet i es Th e gra i n i s regard ed

, , ,
.

as be ne fic ial to the k i d ne y s l u n gs sto ma c h b l a dd er a n d l i ga , , , ,

m e n ts . I t is re c o m m e n de d i n c h ol era n ose b leed v o m i ti n g , , ,

a n d cl a w w o u n ds o f bears o r t i gers .

S H OR E A RO B U ST A 7 k ( S o l o m u) Th is i s .
- -
.

a co n i fero u s tre e o f I n d i a des c r i bed i n th e f( u a ng c/ Z n f a ng a

z/ ,
- -
,

w h i ch fu r n i sh es a sort o f f r a a fczzzf e f zs e c alled E $5 $1}

'

a nd , ;

( T u n o u h si a n g
-
) -
I t grows i n Ca m
. bod i a a nd th e resi n is ,

w h i te a n d tra n sl u c e n t Tha t m ad e fro m th e bark by roas ti n g

.

i s dark i n c ol or A n oth e r k i n d i s c al led H

.
E ( T an pa -

h s i a ng) a n d is prod uc ed by a m apl e l i k e tree i n C o c h i n

,
-

C h i na . T h e res i n i s u sed i n a c os m eti c pr e parati o n m ad e

w i t h th is s ubsta nce Ja troph a j a n i p h a th e ker n el s o f t h e seeds
, ,
408 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

a ro m ati c taste a n d i s gi ve n i n al l d i ffi c ul t i es d u e to da m p a nd

,

ch i l l i n c l u d i n g th e t h i rty s i x va r i e t i es o f
, ( F é ng
) d i se a ses o f -
,

th e c i r c u lat i o n a n d ge n era l de b i l i ty Th e l eaves a re used as

, .

a d iap h oret i c i n fev ers th e fl owers i n c i r c u latory d i s t u rba n c es , ,

a nd th e seeds i n obsti n a te c olds T he root is regard ed as a n .

a n tid ote to a c o n i te po i so n i n g .

S I N A PI S ( C h i eh ) Th .e m u stards gro w n i n C h i n a .

are m ostl y vari e ti e s o f S zf zap zs j zm ce a I n th e P é fl l s a o

' '

t h ere i s a n art i cl e o n th e ge n eral ter m gi ve n a bov e a nd o n e ,

on a fi
( P a i c h i eh
) 9 6 o r a n -
( H n c h i eh, ) w h i ch i s probabl
,
y -
,

L i S h i h c h é n speaks o f th e fol lo w i n g k i nd s
’

S zzzafi zs a l é a
’

-
.

{r ( C h i n g c h i eh ) also ‘
c al le d i ll
-
( T z u c h i eh
, ) w h i c h -
,

fro m h i s des c ri p ti o n see m s to be S i n ap zs myr a ; j g

'

( Ta
w h i c h i s e i th e r S u zap zs i n l eg mf a l za o r B r a s s zm m m
'

c h i eh )
' ’

es Zm s r zzmbag a ; E X( M a c h ie h
) Z2 31 ( ? H na c h i eh
) {g
’

p
- -
)
?

( T z u c h ieh ) ;
-
E j
/
F ( S h i h c h i eh ) w h i c h i s also c alled fl é 2? -
,

) 5 ( C l h i eh ) d E 3? ( H s i a h i eh ) ac c ord
‘

( La -
ch i eh i u n c
,
a n c -
,
-
,

i n g to t h e seaso n at w h i ch i t i s pla n ted a n d ea te n

'
O f t h ese .

v ariet i es w h i c h see m t o be i n d i ge n o u s t o C h i n a th e stal k

, ,

a n d l eaves are u sed as a p o t h erb h av i n g c ar m i n at i ve q u al i t i es

- .
,

Th e l arge l eaved k i n ds are ea te n w h i le t h e s m al l leaved are ,

co n sidered h ar m fu l M ed i c i n al l y t h ey are reco m m e n ded as

.
,

c orre c t i ve d i ges t i v e a n d expe c tora n t re m ed i es

, ,
Th ey are .

also u sed as a s t i m u l a n t a ppl i c at i o n i n toot hach e var n ish e r up ,

t i o ns a n d u l c er s
,
Th e se e d s h ave a bo u t th e sa m e propert i es
.
,

a n d are u sed by prefere n c e as be i n g m ore c o n ve n i e n t Th e .

P a zl c/ zze/ z is al so c al le d 3? ( S h ch ieh ) be c a u se i t w as
'

ir -
,

i n trod u c ed i n t o Sze c h u a n fro m M o n gol i a I t i s ex te n si vel y .

c u l t i v a ted fo r its stal k l ea ves a n d see d s T h e stal k a nd , ,

.

l eaves are c ar m i n a t i ve Th e seeds as i n d eed th e w h o l e pla n t .

, ,

h ave abo u t t h e sa m e q ua l i ti es as th e oth er vari e t i es h ave b u t

th e C h i n ese e n de av o r t o d ist i n g u ish i n fav or o f t h i s A stro n g .

d e c o c t io n o f m u stard c al led g ( O h i e h c h ia n g)
,
was m ad e - -
,

t o be eate n w i th m eat a n d w as m uc h rel i sh ed a s th e E uro , ,

pea n e ats pre pared m u stard w i t h h is cor n ed bee f .

S I P H O N O ST E G I A C HINE N SIS i§ H
5 ( A n -hi ) , see
’

-
.

A r tem i s za t axs 152mm {E 15 ( L o u h i ) , 7 56 , see /

'

E é é zi zop s p
’ i

[ / .
- s zaer o
 VEGE T AB L E K I N GDOM . 09

oce
p /
za l zt s der th is last ti tl e i s gi v e n a n ot h er pl a nt
B ut un

m
.

cal led { Eh ( K u ei y u m a
) w h ic h see m s to a n swer t h e
- -
,

descri pti o n of S zp/ zmzos te za A oth er p la t w h i c h see m s to

'

g n n .
,

be S ip/ [4 $ $ i h s i b t h is
'

zon os l e za
g is cal led 2 3
; 1 ( Y n ,
n g u t -

i s n o t fo u nd i n t h e P e zztm o Tatari n ov t h o ugh t to i de nti fy ‘

fil ( i ) p b w
'

L n ch i n u as S z b 0 7zos z
-
ag z a -
u t h e as

ev ide n tl y mi stak e n as t h is i s a c o m posite pl a n t i n al l , ,

pro babil i ty S ol zd ag o v i z g o ( l u r ed ( w h ic h see )

’

/
.

S I S Y M B RI U M S O P H I A — g E5 ( T i ng Ii ) 1 3 0 7 Se e -
,
.

n e mor a l zs
i
’
fi; ( i ) fi
'

D r a ba . i g i

m L n h ao is Faber s id e n ti -
ca t io n .

U nd e r t h is ti tle i n th e P é zzts a o t h e ter m 53 itfi E ( Pa o n ia n g -

t h is is th o u gh t by so m e to be S zsy mbr zu m
' ’

h ao ) i s gi v e n a nd ,
.

See P ed i cu l a r zs 55615117 1 711

S K I M M I A j A P ON IC A i ( Y i n yu ) Th e seco n d .
-
.

ch ara c ter i s al so wri tte n fi T h i s is a n e v ergree n sh r ub ,

w h i c h bears fragra n t redd ish w h i te fl owers I t is co n sid e red

,
- .

A n o t h er species k n ow n as S k zm mza f or
' '

to be poiso no us .
,

i zm ez i s s m al ler h as da rk gree n l a nceola te l ea v es h e ma p h ro

'

, , , ,

d i te fl o wers a nd bears dark cr i mso n obovate berries

,
Th is ,
'

probably is a lso k n o w n by th e sa m e n a m e S ti l l a n ot h e r .

spe c ies to w h i c h t h e n a m e S / ei nm zza r ee v es zm za has bee n gi v e n

' '

, ,

is c al led by th e C h i n ese 5g [ I] i t ( Wa n g sh a n k ue i ) h as fi nely - -

,

sce n ted w h i te flo w ers gl ossy e ver gree n leaves a n d bears i n

‘

, ,

t h e w i n ter b u n c h es o f red be rries rese m bl i ng th os e o f t h e ,

c o m m o n h ol l y I t i s a very des i ra bl e gard e n s h r u b

. T he .

stal k a n d leaves of t h e Yi n y a are c o n s idered to be to ni c a nd -

res torati ve A t i n c t u re c o m posed o f th is a n d ele ve n oth er

.
,

d r ugs i s used i n a troph y o f th e m u s c les

, Th ere is also a .
,

co m p o u n d pi ll e m pl oye d for a s i m il ar p u rpose

, .

S M IL AX C H I N A i ( P a Th e se c o n d — ii i

c h aracte r i s also w ri tte n iii a nd th e pl a n t i s cal led Q Fiji] ,

) i ii gE fl ( T ie h l i n g c h io ) a nd 3 5 [ IRg
“
n g ké n
fl ( C h i k a - ‘
n -
s - - -

m
, ,

( W a ng kua -
Li S h i h C h en sa y s I t is a co m o n - “

m o u n tai n pla n t w h i ch so m e ti mes c l i m bs b u t i ts ste m is

, ,

str o n g h a rd a n d co v ere d w i th sp i n es
, ,
Th e l eaves are lar ge .
,

ro u n d l i ke t h e h oof o f a h orse a n d sh i n i n g I n t h e a ut u m n ,
.
 4 10 CH IN ESE M A T ER I A M E D IC A .

i t bears yel l ow flo wers fol lowed by red f r u i ts Th e root is ,

.

very h ard a nd is co ve red w i t h bris t l e l i ke h airs A decoctio n

,
-
.
,

w h i ch is so u r a nd h arsh is m ad e o f th e root T h e a borigi nes ,

.

”
gath e r t h e l eaves a nd root a n d us e th e m as a d ye I t is .

c o mm o n l y s up posed t h a t C/ zi i za r oo t is obtai ne d fro m th e

S mi la x ch i n a b ut th is is n o t th e case ( see S mi la x p s eu d o
,

c/ zi i i a a n d P a ch m a COCOS
y ) T h e roo t i s to n ic d i u re ti c a nd .
, ,

a n ti m a larial a nd i t i s used i n colds m e n orr h agia gra v el

, , , ,

fl uxes a nd debi l i ty
,
.

S M I L AX P S E U D O C H I N A 65 ( T f l i ‘
u n n g)
-
.
- -
,

1 3 6 8 ( see also O th er n a m es gi ve n are fl il] 3g 2; ( Tz fi i

c h u l i ng ) 24} fig ( L é n g fa u col d rice bal l a nd - “

-
, ,

I
[ ] it; i ( S h a n ti l i ) m o u n ta i n gro
-
u n d c h es t n u t
-
,
“
I t was -
.

cal led E, 55 3 iii

( Y ii y ii l,
i a n g ) beca use o n c e w h e n th e G rea t Y ii
- -
,

wa s t ra vel i n g i n th e m o u n tai ns a nd ra n sh or t o f foo d h e h ad

-

th is root gat h ered a n d u sed as a s ubsti t u te Li S h i h c h é n .

-

says th a t t h e pla n t gro ws ple n t i fu l l y i n H u k u a ng a nd Sz e

ch ua n I t is a cl i m bi n g pla n t h av i ng a spotted ste m ; a nd
.
,

t h e l ea ves w h i ch are n o t opposi te so m e w ha t rese m bl e lar ge

, ,

ba m boo l eaves b u t are th icke r m ore gla bro us a n d fi ve or s i x

, , ,

i n ch es l o n g Th e root so me wh a t rese m bl es tha t o f S m i l a x

.

c/ i i ii a b u t is ro u n d
,
a nd c o n s i sts of a c o n gl o m e ra t io n o f
,

t u bers o f th e si ze o f a h e n s o r d uc k s e gg bei n g fo u nd a t ’ ’
,

v ary i n g dep th s i n t h e gro u nd Th e fles h i s v er v te n der a nd .

c a n be ea te n ra w a n d th ere are t w o k i n ds : o n e red a n d

, o ne

w h i te Th e la t t er i s used i n m ed i c i n e
. T h is i s th e pri n c i pa l .

s u bsta n ce k no w n as C/ zi i i a r oof a l th o ug h Pa r/ i
y m a 50505 is also ,

i nc l u d e d u n der th is na m e a n d i t is so meti m es d i ffi c u l t to ,

separate t h e t w o prod u c ts o r d isti n g uish th e m o n t h e m arke t .

T h e la tter i s us u al l y m u c h larger a n d i n C h i na prope r i s m ore ,

co mmo n B u t th e S m i l a x root i s ex ported t o I nd ia a n d

.

B u r m a bei n g c alled i n t h e for me r co u n try C/

,
i oé a nd i n

t h e l atter Ts e zi i ap/ It is m e t w i th o n t h e m arke t i n

'

i o ta r o u b - -
.

t h e f or m o f brow n i rre g ular n od u l a ted bra n ch i n g t u bero us , , , ,

roots w i th w i r y rad icles o f so m e l e n gth a tta c hed to th e m

, .

Th e i n ter i or 1 5 w h i te a n d sta r c h y a nd s wee t to t h e t a ste w i th , ,

patch es o f yel l o w n ear th e s u r face It c a n be used as food .

,

stre n gth e n i n g t h e bod y a nd a ssisti ng i n k eepi n g o ne a wak e o n ,

4I 2 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

i de n ti fi ed by Porter S m i th as S ol a m i m a a lca ma r a b ut o n ’
,

wh at a u t h ori ty h e d oes n o t m e nti o n Th e j apa nese i de n ti fy i t .

as S ol a m i m ly r a l zi m w h i c h is a v ar i e ty of S ola i zzi m d u lca ma r a

,
.

I n th e P é m s a o i t is co n fo u nded w i t h S ag i i za ma x i m a ; b u t
‘
‘

al th o ugh Li S h i h c h é n n otes th e co n fusio n i n th ese very -

d i ff ere n t ge nera h e d oes n o t a tte m pt to c lear u p t h e m atte r

, ,

b u t adds fur t h er co n fusi o n by l i ke n i n g both t o S ol a m i m

i zz mi m
g See t h.e art i cl e on S ag i n a m a xi ma for m ed i cal
u ses .

A n ot h e r pl a n t ide n ti fie d by th e Japa nese as S ola m i m

a i i l ca ma r a is y o u n g l ea v es o f th is are
’
Q % ( Pa i y i ng
) The ‘

-
,

w h i tish a nd c a n be e ate n T h e fl o wers are s m al l a nd w h i te .

,

a nd t h e fr u i t w h i c h i s cal led B ( K ue i m u) is a t fi rst

,
-
,

gree n b u t t ur ns dark red w h e n ri pe Th is h owe ver is n o t- .

, , ,

t h e o n ly us e to w h ic h th e n a m e fi 5 is put The root .

a nd s h oot o f t h is pl a n t are co nsidered to be cool i n g a n d c o n

str ucti ve as are al s o t h e l eaves w h ich are used i n ch ro n ic

, ,

m alar i a a n d fe vers o f ch i l dre n The fr u i t besides i ts cool .

,

i n g a n d n u tr i ti ve properties is co nsi dered to be a use ful ,

re me d y fo r th e eye Th e w h ol e pla n t is used as a c o u n ter

.

poiso n .

S O L A N U M M E L O N G E N A —7}fi Th is is t h e
'

br zi zj a l a i i zli erg i i ze or eg g pla n t o f wester n co u n tri es

'

, ,
A n oth er -
.

n a m e is a ( Lo s u) w h i c h i s sa id to be w ro n gl y wri t te n
-
,

for fig M ( Lo s u ) re ferri n g to th e rese m bla n ce o f th e fr u i t to

-
,

a bal l o f ch eese Stil l a n ot h er n a m e i s E { 5 [Ii ( K u n l u n

.
.
‘ -

”
k ua ) ,
K u n l u n m e lo n
“
There are ma n y var ie t i es o f th e .

egg pl a n t ; th e fr u i t vary i n g i n col or — w h i te y el l ow az ure , , ,

a n d p u r ple T h ese fr u i ts are n o t re garded by th e C h i n ese as

.

bei n g free fro m del eter io us properti es ; prol o n ged us e bei n g

t h o ugh t to prod u c e d i gesti ve tro ubles a n d t o i nj u re th e u ter us .

Th ey are re garded as c ool i n g a n d are u sed br u i sed w i th ,

v i negar as a po u l tice to abs c esses a n d i n cracked n i pple The .

ped uncle i n ci nera ted is used i n i n testi n al h e m orrh age pi les

, , , ,

a n d tooth ach e Th e root 1 0 1 a n d th e d ri ed stal k a nd l eaves

.
, ,

are used i n decoctio n for wash i ng sores a nd d isch argi ng

s u rfaces a nd as a n astri nge n t i n h e morrh age fro m t h e bladder
,

a n d oth er h e m orr h a g i c fl u xes .

 V EGE T A B L E K I NG DOM .
41 3

S O L AN U M N I G R U M —§ E 3? ( L u ng O ther
.

n a mes are 3573 5 ( T ie 35 $61 15 ( l i e n p ao

‘ “ ' ‘
n -

a nd
fi 35 BE ii ( Lao y a yé n ch i ng Th-
ere i s a-
fa i r -

d escr i pt i o n of t h is p la n t w i th i ts s m al l w h ite flowers a n d bl a c k

,

seeds i n t h e P é i zl s a o Th e re i s so m e co n fo u n d i n g w i th S ag i n a
,
.

ma xi ma a nd S ol a zi a m a i i l ca m a r a also w i t h A l l /6 8 a r os ea
’
,
.

The y o u n g s h oots are ea te n a fter boi l i n g a nd are c o n sid ered to , ,

be correc t i ve cool i n g a n d to n i c to me n ( vi ri l i ty ) a n d w o m e n
, ,

( m e n s t r ual d isorders ) T h e stal k leaves a nd root a re used

.
, ,

i n decocti o n i n w o unds ca n c ero us sores a n d as a n astri n ge n t

, , .

T h e y are also th o u gh t t o have d i u re t i c properties Th e seeds .

h a v e abo u t th e sa m e proper ti es a n d u ses as th e y o un g sh oots .

A not h er pl a n t is m e n t i o n ed cal led 35 3k ( L u ng c h u) a nd ,

-

If ; Ifit ( C h i h c h n) w h i c h is said to be th e L a ng b i l e i w i t h
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red seeds I t e v i d e n tl y i s a n oth er spe c i es or va rie ty o f S Ol d fl Zl fll

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n earl y al l ied t o S ol a n a m mgr a m Th e s h oots a nd seeds o f

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t h is are said to h ave a bo u t t h e sa me q u al i ti es as t h ose o f th e

L zm g k u e i ex cep t th at wh i le th e l at ter pro m otes sl eep t h i s
-
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, ,

pla nt p ro m otes wak e fu l ness .

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I t gro ws i n t h e isl a n d o f H ai n a n a nd ,

i t i s said th a t i f One fr u i t is s w al l o wed t h e perso n w il l q u ick l y ,

d ie . It i s o nl y used fo r o u t ward appl ica ti o ns a nd sh o ul d n o t ,

be ta k e n i n ter nal l y Th ere is no d escri p tio n o f th e p la n t b u t

, ,

i ts ac tio n m a y s u ggest A tr op a be l l a d mza A tr Op a m a u a r ag or a ,

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,

or H y o s cy a m a s fi nge r

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ua n) s m ore l a t te rl y
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beca u se i t h as bee n rei n trod u ced a t l east i n easte r n C h i n a by , ,

f orei g n ers I t was k no w n a n d eate n b v th e peopl e o f th e

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Lia n g d y nas ty Faber cal ls {if { a ( H u a n g t u) w h i c h i s gi ve n

.
-
,

as o ne of t h e s v no u y ms for th i s D i os cor ea j ap on i ca W i th o u t ,
.

d o u b t th ere is so m e co n fusi o n i n th e C h i nese books as o ne ,

a u t h or cl a i m s for th e t u ber e m etic proper t ies wh i le others sa y ,

i t c a n be freel y ea te n a n d cl ai m s th a t i t is very n u tr it i o u s
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4I4 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

ese co n fi r m ed by Faber
,
Tatar i n ov cal l s i t S ip/ .zmi os l e i a
g
( lzi i i c l zs i s b u t th e d escr ipti o n i n the P é zzf s a o i n d icates a
,

c o m pos i te n o t a scroph u lariaceo u s

,
pl a n t T he C h i nese n a me , .

i s proba bl y der ived fro m t h e n a m e o f a perso n Th ere i s a .

l ege n d to t h e e ff ec t th at i n th e rei g n o f o ne o f t h e E m pero rs o f

th e S u ng d y n asty a m a n wh ose s ur na m e wa s L i u Y u a nd ,
”
w h ose s m al l n a m e
“
was C h i n u w h i le c u tti n g d o w n a iii
,
-
,

Ti pl a nt sa w a l arge s n ak e a n d k i l led i t w i th a n arro w

( ) ,
O n .

t h e n ext d ay h e w e n t t h ere a n d h eard th e so u nd of m ortar a n d

pestle . Wh e n h e search ed for th e so u r c e o f t h i s so u nd h e ,

s a w severa l y o uth s d ressed i n gree n robes i n t h e h az e l t h i c ke t

br u i si n g th i s pla n t for m ed i ci n e Wh e n h e ask ed w h y t h ey .

d i d th i s th ey repl ied th a t th eir m aster was sh ot w i th a n

,

arrow by L i u C h i n u a nd th at th ey we re n o w prepar i n g
-
,

m ed i c i n e t o c u re t h e w o u n d So th e C h i n ese ha ve i deas i n
.

regard t o t h e heal i n g pro per ties of t h is pla n t si m i lar to t h ose

w h i c h gave th e b o t a n i c al n a m e t o t h is ge n u s Th e seeds are .

o ffi c i n a l a nd are sa id to d issol v e th e bl ood a n d expel fl

,
at us .

I f tak e n too l o n g t h e y prod uce h e m orrh age of t h e bo w els

,
.

T hey are u sed i n h e m orrh ages w o un ds m e n str ua l d i sorders , , ,

c h olera d i arrh oe a a n d h e m orrh age fro m th e bladder i n ch i l

, ,

dre n .

S O N C H U S O L E RA C E U S E K (K u
: ‘
.

See L a ctu ca Th e fi rs t ch arac ter w h i c h ori gi n al l y w a s t h e

.
,

n a m e for tea i s n o w ge n eral l y re ferred to t h i s ge n u s

,
Th e .

seco n d n a m e is also u sed for vari o us spec ies o f L a eti t i a as ,

we l l as oth er pla n ts used as p o t h erbs s u c h as so me o f t h e -

,

Sol a n a c e ae .

S O P H O R A A N G U STI F O LI A fig ( K u s h é n) 6 3 5 .
‘ -
, .

T h i s is th e sa m e as S op/ zor a
f l a t/ex a m a n d S o
p/1 0 m k r o n ei .

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,

a n d iii; 3g ( T i h u a i ) O ther n a m es are g i ve n re ferri ng to i ts

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.
,

d war f a nd h erb a ceo us c h aracter as c o mpared to t h e S op /mm

j apon i ca Ta tari n ov fol l ow i n g Lo u re iro c al led i t Robi n i a
.
, ,

a ma r a I t is a very co mm o n pl a n t i n m id C h i n a bears
. -
,

yel lo w i sh w h i te fl o wers a si l iq uaceo u s pod a nd a l o n g

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, , ,

y el l ow ish exceed i ngl y bi tter root w h i ch l ast is t h e par t used

, ,
416 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

th e i r a c ti o n a n d h a v e bee n used i n I nd ia as a p urga ti ve

,
In .

C h i n a t h ey are u sed i n c o n v u lsi o n s a n d e p i l epsy i n c h i ld re n ,

post part u m d i ffi c u l ties a nd as a w ash i n s c ab io us s k i n a ffe c

-
,

ti o ns for w h i c h l ast t h e s tal k a nd bark are also used

,
Th e .

t w igs 50 5 are dec octed for th e t reat me n t as a wash o f a l l sor t s

, , , ,

o f sk i n d i ffi c u l ti es pi les sore eyes a nd d isch ar gi n g s u r fa c es

, , ,
.

Th e bark of th e tree a nd o f t h e root is used for s i m i l ar p u rp oses

a nd is spe c i a l l y re c o m m e nd ed i n orc h i tis go n orrh oea l d is ,

ch arges i h wo me n a nd i n th e ba th t o i m prove th e sk i n T h e
,
.

g u m w h ic h ex u des fro m th e tree is gi ve n se veral f a n ci fu l

v i r t ues t h e pr i n c i pa l use bei n g th a t o f a n a pp l ica ti o n i n sk i n

,

a ff e c ti o ns A n ex trac t m ade fro m th e l ea v es a n d th e fr u i t o f

.

t h is tree is u sed t o ad u l te ra te pre pared opi u m T h e wood w as .

for m erl y e m pl oye d i n m ak i n g pri m i ti ve fi re d ri l ls a nd was ,

also used as a c a u ter y or for m of t h e m oxa .

S OR G H U M S A C C H AR A TU M — fi£ 7g ( Ti C h e) This .
-
.

is i n c l u ded u nder t he ar tic le o n S a cc/za r a m s a cc/

za r a l a m w h ic h
(
see ) I n J apa n
.
i ( S h u s h u ) is u sed for th is b u t i n C h i na -
,

th is ter m refe rs to S o ng/ 2a m z m/ a r e

g .

S OR G H U M V UL G A R E E (S h u s h u ) T h e c om .
-
.

”
m o n n a m e i s F5 ( K a o l i a n g) or h ig h m i l le t O th
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.

n a m es are a a ; ( L n s u) a n d 372 $12 ( Ti li a n g ) Th is i s o ne o f

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.

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t h e th ree m i l le ts so ex te n si vel y gro w n i n n or th er n C h i n a
as food for m a n prove n der fo r beas ts a nd fo r d isti l l i ng spi ri ts
, , ,

th e o th ers be i ng P a i zi ca m m i l i a ce a m a nd S el a r i a i ta l i ca Th e .

seed o f t h is pl a n t w as bro ugh t fro m S ze c h u a n b u t w h eth er

.
,

i n di ge n o u s t here o r origi n al l y co m i n g fro m fu rth er w est is n o t

n o w k no w n Th ere are gl u ti n o u s a n d n o n gl u t i n o us k i n ds t h e
.
-
,

for m er be i n g u sed fo r d ist i l l i n g sp i r i ts a n d th e l atter as food ,

a nd prove n der Th e s talk s are used as reeds i n th e c o nstr uc ti o n

.

o f fe nc es wa ttle h o u ses m ats a n d th e l i ke repl ac i ng t he

, , , ,

P/ ira
g m zl es reeds o f th e Ya ngtse val l ev T h e gra i n is regarded .

as war m i n g n u tr i ti o us a nd be n e fi c i a l i n fl u xes Th e gl u t i n o us
, ,
.

ki n d c a n be u sed as a s u bs t i t u te f o r t h e gl u t i n o us pa n ic led
m ille t T h e seco nd a n d th i rd n a m es a t th e begi n n i n g of t h is
.

ar ticle d ist i n g u i sh betwee n th e y el l ow a nd black vari e tie s

respe c tivel y .
 VEG E T AB L E K INGDOM .
41 7

S P I N A C I A O L E RA C E A fi fl — ( P o l é n g 5
2 i
5; jT;.
-
‘

Th e seed of th s p l a n t was bro u gh t fro m I n d i a by a

( P o i
B ud d h i st pries t i n th e Ta n g d y nasty a n d t h e h erb is ex te n si vel y ,

u sed b y th e bo n ze s as o n e o f th eir i5 73 ( S n) l e n te n fa re A s th e ,
.

C h i nese h ave a te n de n c y to a ttri b u te e very th i n g t h a t c o m es

fro m th e so u th w es t to Pe rs i a w e are n o t s u rprised t o fi n d t h i s
-

m
,
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c al l e d i fifi fi ( P o ss ti Pers i a n ve geta bl e
-
A n oth e r .

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na me is i Flfic ti f; ( C h i h ké n ts h i ) re d root Th e d i oec e o u s
' f n ‘
‘ - - -
.
,

n a t u re o f th e flowers i n t h is ge n u s i s n oted b v th e C h i n ese .

T h e h erbage w i th t h e root i s reg a rded as a c ool i n g car m i n a ,

t ive a n t i v i n o us t h irs t —
,
rel i e v i ng v e ge tab le N o spe c i al med ic i
,
.

n al u ses are n oted .

S P I R IT S — m( C h i n) T h e ch ara c ter is ex pla i ned by i t

”

( C h i n ) si
,
n c e th e a c ti o n o f th i s d r u g deter m i n es ( E
j i ) th e goo d
or e v i l ( g i n t he d i spos i t i o n o f m e n re ferr i n g i t i s s u p , ,

posed t o th e vary i n g a c t i o n o f al coh ol i n prod u c i n g d i ff ere n t

,

ty pes o f i n tox i c at i o n Th e c lea r spir i t i s c al l ed E ( N i a n g

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w h i c h al so m ea ns to fer m e n t ) th e t u rbid i s c al l e d $ ( A n g) ;
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1.

th e c o nc e n t ra te d i s c al led fig ( S h u n) ; t h e d i l u te i s c al led fifi
‘

th e d o u bl e fer m e n ted is cal le d fig

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o u) ;
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; o

w i n e i s c al led fig ( Li ) ; good w i n e i s cal led a}? ( H s i i ) ; th e

u n pressed is cal l ed E 3 red w i n e i s cal led £3; ( T i ) th e
3 ‘

gree n is cal led fi g ( J u ) a n d t h e w h i te is cal led a? Sp ir i t

i s m ade fro m th e var i o us k i n ds o f m i l let a n d o f ri c e fro m ,

h o n e y a n d fro m grapes I n al l e x c ept t h e h o n ey a n d grapes

.
,

y eas t is u sed t o prod u c e fer m e n tat i o n G l u t i n o u s ri c e i s sa id to .

m a k e th e best sp i r i ts w i th pa n i c led m i ll e t n ex t a n d spiked

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m i l le t poores t o f al l Th e i n ve n t i o n of sp i r its is as c ribed t o

.

13? 3k ( I t i ) -
a da ,
u gh ter o f o n e o f t h e l ege n d ary e m perors w h o

prese n ted i t t o t he G rea t Y u Th e S h u o wen savs i t w as .

-

i n ve n ted by i} 5? ( Sh ao oth er w ise k n ow n as $1 7333 ( T u

k a n g ) O th ers st i l l p u t i t as earl y as th e r e i g n o f H u a n g t i
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( c i rc a 2 0 0
7 T h e sp i r i t d er ived fro m fer m e n ted gra i n

m a y h ave bee n th e k i n d t h e u s e o f w h i ch res u l ted i n th e c u rse

o f C a n aa n a n d th e i n cest u o us or i g i n o f th e tw o tro u bleso m e
tr ibes of M oab a n d A m m o n O r i g i n al l y al l for m s o f sp i r i ts
.
,

w ere m ad e by th e fer m e n tat i o n p ro c ess as d i st i l l a t i o n was n o t ,

k n o wn u n ti l t h e M o n go l dy n as ty Th e o nl y m eth od s o f p ur i .
 4 1 8 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

fi ca t i o n a nd
co nce n trat io n k now n to th e a n c ie n t C h i nese were
deca n ta ti o n a nd re fe rme n ta t io n o f th e dregs The ri c e spi ri t .

wa s th e pri nc i pa l o ne reco m m e nd ed i n m ed ici n e The y s ai d .

t ha t i ts prolo nged use i nj u red th e m i nd ( in?) a n d sh orte ned l i fe

( g ) weak e ned th e bo n es a nd l i ga me n ts prod u ced fl at u le nce
, , ,

a n d w h e n c o m plete d r u n k e n n ess was freq u e n tl y prod u ced m a n i a ,

w o ul d res u l t A dr u n k perso n sh o u ld n o t ta k e a cold ba th as

.
,

i t was ce rtai n t o res u l t i n rh e um a tis m N ei th er sh o ul d a .

d ri n ke r tak e c i n n abar a nd othe r m i neral d r u gs n or gi n ger as , ,

t h ese te nd ed to th e pr od uc tio n o f ca n cero u s tro u bles S p i r i ts .

a n d t ea ta ke n to e th er are sai d to i nj u re t h e k i d n ey s a nd p ro
g
d u ce d ropsy Th e t rea t m e n t o f a l l poiso n o us d i ffi c u l ties is
.

m ade d i ffi c ul t by t h e i nges tio n o f sp iri ts Th e a n t i sep ti c a n d

.

s ti m u la n t proper ties o f sp i ri t s are reco gni zed espe cia ll y th e ,

sti mu la n t a c ti o n u po n t h e c irc u lati o n a n d appare n tl y u po n th e

bra i n b ut t h e i ncoh ere n ce o f t h o u gh t prod uc ed b v i ts a c tio n is
,

also n oted I t is t h o ugh t to pre v e n t th e actio n o f vari o us

.

p to ma i n e po iso n s a nd is ofte n take n w i t h m ea ls o n th e ch a n ce

,

o f t h e food n o t h avi n g bee n perfectly fresh .

fi [ 6
5 M ( Tsao ti ch i u ) is th a t w -
h ic-
h h as s tood o n th e d re g s
f or t h ree yea rs I t i s sto m ac h ic d igesti v e a nd correct i ve o f
.
, ,

vege tabl e po i so n s .

j g ( Lao c h i n ) is t h at w
-
h i c h is m ade i n t h e t wel ft h

m oo n w h ic h is sa id t o k eep for severa l y ears

, I t i s said to be .

w ar m i n g .

E ifi (C h u n c h i u) i s t h at m ad e at th e t i m e o f t h e C h i ng
‘ -

m i n g Festiva l a n d is also sa id to k ee p good for m a n y years

, .

I ts h a bit u al use i s sai d to prod u c e o besi ty .

Th e sacr i fi cia l w i n e l e ft ove r fro m th e al tar ii 1g 53} H fi ifi

( S h e t -
a n y
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ch i u ) i
-
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u sed i
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n sta m m eri n g of c h i ldre n i n ,

d ea fn ess a n d is sq u i rted i n to th e cor n ers o f the roo m to destroy

,

m osq u i toes .

Th e spir its fo u n d i n t h e p ipes o f t h e v at { g g? Efi 41 ,

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m
( Tsao s u n c h ie h ch u n g ch i u
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) i
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s said to c-u re n a u sea i f tak e n
, ,

w it h m i l k a nd is r u bbed l ocal l y o n u rti caria

,
.

fi [7 , ifi ( T u n g ya n g c h i u) is th e sa m e as g i in( C h i n
3 5 - -

h u a c h i u) m ade at K i n h u a fu i n C h ekia n g
-
,
I t i s used i n th e .

co m po u n d i n g of m ed i ci nes I t i s th o ugh t to bri ng o u t t h e

.

v ir t ues of th e m ed ic i nes d i ges t ed i n i t a nd to e n h a n ce t h ei r

,
42 0 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

pro c ess of d i s till ati o n is des c ribed by Li S h i c h é n i n th e -

H m ”
P é zzt m o 5 ( sie n lo c h i u
) Sia ese spiri t is t h e
“
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5 fig .
- -
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tri pl e d i s t i l led 5 If? ( S a n shao ) o r r a m s /m as i t is cal led b y

-
,

fore i g n ers . I t i s so m eti m es col ored a n d flavored wi t h ch arred

sa nd al w ood a fter w h i c h i t is seal ed u p i n j ars a n d b u r i ed i n
-
,

th e ear th fo r t w o or th ree years t o r i pe n S evera l k i nds o f .

d i st i lled s pir its are fo u n d o n th e m ark e ts {5} fig ( F é n ch i u ) is a .

-

k i n d th at c o m es fro m F é nc h o u fu i n S h e n si T h e c o mm o n .

n a m e f o r t h e sort m ost ge n eral l y c o n s u m ed a t th e prese n t day

i s fig
"

( H u a n g —c h i n ) w h ich i s o f abo u t th e stre n gth a n d

,

a ppeara n c e o f sh erry w i n e 7 c 75 7 g ( Y u a n h u a c h i u) i s a wea k

.
,
- -

w h i te sp ir i t fl avored w i th t h e fl ow ers o f th e B ap /
,
m e g e n fewa ,

a n d sa i d to be to n ic fi% i f; ifi ( K u e i y u a n c h i u ) i s a red w i n e
’

- -
. .

f
5é $ 52 j g ( P i l n ch iu
-
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i s a gree n i sh sp i r it m ad e i n severa l ,

pla c es i n th e n o r th B u t t h e m ost fa m o u s spiri t is th e fig

.

7g
Sh ao h s i n g ch i u) m a de i n t h e prov i n c e o f C h ek i a n g h av i
( - -
, n g ,

a so u r flavor a nd y el l ow col or I t w o u ld see m t o be a p u re r

.

e th y l S p i r i t th a n sa m sh u a n d oth er for m s as i t d oes no t h a v e ,

t h e d e l i r ie n t a ct i o n possesse d b y m a n y of t hese w h i c h see m t o ,

co n tai n l arge per c e n tages o f m e t h y l S piri t A co m m o n say i ng .

w i th t h e C h i nese is :
r a a a i a na r n
S h aoh i n g i s th e pol i sh ed s c h olar ,
”
Sa m sh u is a ro wd y
“
.

Th e C h i n ese alw ays co ns u m e t h e spir i ts w ar m a nd t h ey v ery ,

soo n redde n t h e fa c e A s th e i r W i n e c u ps are v ery s m al l

.
,

h ol di ng o n l y abo u t a d essert spoo n ful a n d as th ey d o n o t -

,

u s u al l y d r i n k m a n y of t hese dr u n ke n n ess is n o t co mm o n a n d, ,

l i ver d i seases fro m t h i s c a u se are i n freq ue n t Th e C h i n ese .

see m to h ave th e sa m e i deas o f t h e v i rt u es o f th e sa m sh u t h at

m a n y E uropea n s a t tri b u te t o w h isk ey u si n g i t w h e n ever th ere ,

i s attack of c h ol erai c or i n d i gesti ve tro ubl e A g u e h ic c o u g h .

, ,

a n d ge n eral feel i n g o f i l l n ess are tro u bl es for w h i c h reco u rse is

h ad to th e w i n e pot -
.

Th e m a s / z o f fer m e n t i n g grai n i s called if ? ( Tsao ) or

t
5
a n d th e wo r t is ca l led
g ( N i eh
) F o r th is latter se e .
,

th e arti c l e o n M a l l Th e m ash for prepari n g spir i ts is m ad e

.

i n th e t wel ft h m oo n at t h e C h i n g m i n g fest i v al o r t h e n i n t h
, ,

o f th e n i n t h m oo n fes ti val I t i s u sed u n pressed beca use i f

.
,
 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDOM .
42 1

ex presse d i t h as n o t aste or v irt u e I t i s sai d to w ar m t h e .

d i gest ive orga ns pro m ote d i gestio n destroy p u trefa c t i o n a n d

, ,

veg e tabl e p oiso ns g i ve a h eal th y appeara n ce to th e b od y a n d

, ,

be n e fi t al l o f th e v is c era I t i s u sed ex ter n al l y i n br u ises i n sect

.
,

a n d a n i m al bi tes c h i l bl a i n s a nd s un b u r n
,
Fer m e n te d sw eet ,
.

m eats cal led éz fi; { g ( K a n hs i n g tsao ) are u sed i n n a u sea

,
’ g - -
,

a n d vo m i ti n g a nd as a d i gest i ve a n d s to m ach i c
,
.

SPON DIAS A MARA [i 5 1}

4g .
35 (
0 A n -
m o l é ), -

u k an— zu
) T h e fi rs t n a m e i s i n i m i tat io n o f th e sa n s c ri t
( Y -
t .

A m a l a a n d a n oth er f or m of th e sa m e or s i m ilar n a m e is
, ,

m l o ch i a Th e seco d n a m e re fers to
fi i !
f ( A n o - k u o ) - -
n -
.

t h e taste o f th e fr u it w h i c h at fi rst i s bi tter bu t leaves a n

, ,

i n c reasi n gl y sweet tas t e i n th e m o u th I t is si m il ar t o th e .

b og pl u m of t h e Wes t I n d ies
- T h e fr u i t i s so m e ti m es c o n .

fo u nded w i th t h e m a n go I t gro ws i n Li n g n a n a n d h as fi n e
.
,

y ello w fl owers pl u m l i k e
' '

l eaves l ik e th e A l bzz z za
, ,
-

fr u its gree n is h yel lo w i n col or w i th a si x o r seve n a n gled

,
-
, ,

ro u n d seed th e ker n el o f w h i c h i s also u sed i n m ed i c i n e

,
Th e .

tre e grows to th e h e i gh t o f te n o r t we n ty feet a nd ha s pli a n t ,

bra n c h es T h e fr u i ts are rep u ted t o be t o n i c pectoral a nd

.
, ,

alexi ph ar m i c Th ei r i n gesti o n i s regarded as h igh l y fav orabl e

.

t o l o n g li fe h eal th a n d th e preservat i o n o f a y o u th fu l a p
, ,

e a ra n c e I t is al so sa i d to be a n tidotal to m i n eral poiso ns

p .
,

espec i all y of v er m i ll i o n a n d s u l ph u r A po made m a de o f th e .

c r ushe d fr u its i s u sed to pro m ote th e grow th o f h a i r a n d pre

serve i ts blac k color I t is n ot sta t ed for w h at t h e k er n els
.

are used .

S P ON D I A S D U LC I S E 3 (J
3 é n m i e n t z ii ) Th i s .
- -
.

c o m es fro m th e so u th seas ; th e tree i s l i k e th e c h erry -

Th e .

f r u i t h as n o t m u ch taste b u t i f ste wed w i th h o n e v i t i s rel ish ed

,
.

Th e seed l ooks l ik e a m a n s fa c e wi th eyes n ose a nd m o u th ’

, , ,

w el l m arked I t is ofte n u sed as a pl ay t h i n g

. T h e k er n el is .

bri ttl e a n d pleasa n t flavored a n d is so m eti mes ad ded t o tea t o ,

g ive i t a fragra n t m u c ilagi n o u s swee t taste

,
Th e m ed ici n a l ,
.

q u al i t i es are co ns i dered as al ex i ph ar m i c a n d c ool i ng It is .

reco m m e n de d i n bad c ases o f i tch a n d to be tak e n i n ter nal l y t o ,

p reve n t ex te ns i v e u lceratio n I n Cases of d i ffi c u l t l abor i f t h e .

,
42 2 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

part u r ie n t w o ma n w i l l h ol d o ne o f t he seeds i n h er h a nd o n ,

th e o d d ays i n t h e r i gh t h a n d a n d 0 11 th e eve n days i n th e le ft

d

h a n d del i very w i l l s oo n be acco m pl i sh ed

,
.

S T A C H Y S A S P E RA —7k a ( Sh u i s u ) T h is i s al so
.
-
.

c alled i ( H
s
s i a ng s u
) a n d fi g ”2
3 i T
f? ? ( -
u L u ng na o
p o h o
“

) - - -
,
“
ca m ph or m i n t -
I t is a c o mm o n pla n t gro w i n g i n m ois t
gro u nd a n d is so m e ti m es eate n as a vegeta bl e
,
I t is so m e .

t i m es c o n fo u nd ed w i th M 0510; n os s es er r a m T h e sta l k a nd .

l eaves are u sed i n m ed ic i n e as a c ar m i n ati v e d eodori z i n g a nd , ,

astr i n ge n t re me dy Tak e n w i t h h o t s pir i ts i t i s rec o m m e n ded

.

fo r colds very m u c h as h ot m i n t j u l e ps h av e bee n rec o mm e n d

,
-

ed i n d o m esti c pra c t i c e i n th e w est .

S T A C H Y S S I E B OL D I S i a c/ zzbe r f c r a — f
§ T E
’

y
z s t g , ; .

fi E, ( Ti ts a ) fi 5 )
a

( Ts a‘
o sh -
i h g n
( K a n l n ts fi
-
‘ '
- -
.

Th i s t u ber n a m ed gro u n d c o c c o o n “
a nd swee t d e w i s th e ,
“
,
”
C r os n c s o f Fra n c e a nd o th er parts o f E u rope I t was
’
.

fi rs t c u l t i vated i n E u rope by M r A P a i lli e u x o n h i s estate . .

”
“
C ros n es fro m t u b ers se n t h i m fro m C h i n a by B re ts c h n e i d e r
, .

K a n Zn i s u sed i n th e B ibl e t o t ra n sl ate th e word m a n n a b e

-

ca u se th e s a m e c h aracters a re u sed b y th e C h i n ese fo r a mr zta

’

t h e food o f th e de vas b u t th is pr od u c t m u st n o t be co n fo u n d
ed w i th m a n n a T h e s i m i lar i ty of th i s pl a n t t o S l a t /gar a sp er a
.

i s n oted i n th e P é i zzs a o Th e t u ber is soak ed i n w i n e a nd

‘
.

take n fo r colds a n d w h e n d rv a nd powdered is c o ns i der ed t o

,

be a n od y n e N o m a tter h o w pre pared i t is c o ns idered t o h a v e

.

a be n e fi c ial i n fl u e nc e u po n th e bod y .

S T E M O N A TU B E R O S A ( P ai
p ) 95
u 8 I t i s .
-
,
.

l ik e n ed to A spa r ag u s Zzwza zzs a nd i s so m e t i m es c alled w i ld ’

'

asparag u s Th e root w h i ch i s th e part u sed i n med i c i n e

.
, ,

co n s i sts of a c e n tral m ass w i th te n or m ore t u bers atta c h ed ,

l o n g p o i n ted h ol lo w a nd sweet
, ,
T h e ste m is so m eti me s
,
.

ea te n w h e n y o u n g as a pot h erb A s s o l d i n th e sh ops t h e

-
.
,

dr ug is i n th e sh a pe o f br o w n d ried sh ri vel led pie c es fro m , , ,

t wo to fo u r i n ches l o n g I t i s gi ve n i n c o u gh s a s a car m i n a
.
,

t i ve a n th el m i n ti c a nd i s u sed as a n i n sec ti c i d e
, ,
O ld c o ug h s .

o f t h i rty yea rs sta n di n g are re p u ted t o be c u red by i t .

424 C H I N ES E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

t h e tree i s u sed for m aki n g m ortars Th e t ree i s q u i te c o m .

m o n th ro u gh o u t c e n tral C h i n a a n d so m e w ha t rese m bles th e

A zed arach o r Pr i de o f I nd ia
,
I t v aries a good d eal i n si ze i n
.

d i ff ere n t provi n ces a n d i s read il y k n ow n by i ts aspe n fol i age

, ,

w h i c h i s per m a n e n t b u t bec o mes a br i l l i a n t red c ol or i n a u t u m n

,

a n d w i n ter The l eaves y i eld a bla c k d ye w i t h s u l phate o f

.

i r o n th u s de m o n strat i n g th e l arge a m o u n t o f ta n n i n co n tai ne d

,

i n th e m .T he berri es are t hree seeded a n d d eh isce w h e n ri pe -

, ,

d i s c l os i n g th e ker ne ls e n vel oped w i th a c oa t o f th e vegetabl e

fa t w h i c h re n ders th e tree s o val u abl e D r Wi l l i a m s sa y s th at
'

. .

th e tree i s c all ed ti ll fii ( C h i u n g s h u ) i n t h e n e i gh borhood o f

‘ -

M a c ao . Th e w h i te bark o f th e roo t is b i tte r a n d c o n s i dered to

be sl i gh tl y d eleteri o u s I t i s d i u reti c a n d d er ivat i ve i n i ts
.

a c t i o n a n d is also u sed i n th e treat m e n t o f s nak eb i te a n d sk i n

u l c ers . Th e l ea ves are used f o r a s i m il ar p u rpose a n d are c o n
s i d e re d spe c i al l y u sefu l i n th e treat m e n t o f bo i ls .

V EGE T A B L E Ta L L o w — fifl 75h ( C h i n y u)
. T h e tall o w -
.

y ielded by ta l lo w berr i es i s m ade by th e foll o w i n g pro c ess

‘

T h e r i pe n u ts are br u i sed a nd th e per i carp separated by si ft i n g .

T h ey are t he n stea m ed i n w oode n c y l i n ders w i t h n u mero u s

h oles i n th e bot to m wh i c h fi t u po n ke ttles o r bo i lers
,
Th e .

tal lo w is softe ned by th i s pro c ess a n d i s se parated fro m t h e ,

a l b u me n o f the s eeds by ge n tl y bea t i n g th e m w i th sto n e m allets ,

w h e n th e tal l o w i s e ff e c t u al l y I e m o v e d by s i ft i n g th e m ass
t hro u gh h o t s i e ves Th e tal l o w st i l l c o n tai n s t h e bro w n testa
.

o f t h e seeds w h i c h i s separated by po u r i n g i t i n to a c y l i n de r
,

m ade u p o f stra w r i n gs l a i d o n e o n t o p o f th e oth er i n w h i c h

, ,

i t i s p u t i n to a r ude press a n d t h e tal lo w i s s q u eeze d th ro u gh i n

a p u re state A p i c u l o f seeds y i elds fro m tw e n ty to t h ir ty
.

cat t i es o f tal l ow bes i d es t h e o il { 11 (

1 C h i ) w h i ch is
‘
n u
g y
-
, ,

obtai n ed fro m th e al b u m e n by gri n d i n g stea m i n g a n d press i ng , ,

i t a se c o n d t i m e Th e tal l o w i s o f a w h i tish c olor h ard a nd

.
,

tasteless I t m el ts a c c ord i n g to D r M a c gowa n a t

.
,
a nd is
.
,

c o m posed m a i n ly o f t r i p a l m a t i n e a s u bs ta n ce w h i ch s a p o n i fi e d
, ,

by al c oh ol i c potash prod u ces pal m i t ic ac i d

,
I t is l argel y u sed .

i n c a nd l e m ak i n g be i n g m i xed w it h w h i te i n sec t w ax i n th e
, ,

proport i o n o f t h ree o u n c es o f wax t o t e n c atties o f tal lo w .

These c a nd l es as especiall y u sed by th e B u dd h ists T he tall o w .

h as bee n exp orted to E urope a n d w o u l d do u btless m ake a good

 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDO M .
425

l ubri ca n t for rail way ax l es for w h ic h p u rpose i t h as bee n used

,

i n I nd i a . Th e tal l ow tree is no t th e o n ly o ne prod u ci n g a y ege

table tal low ; oth er k i nds co m i n g fro m S i nga pore a nd o th e r
places i n th e Far E ast B u t stra n ge to say accord i n g to M r
.
,
.

Sa m pso n th is tree y ields n o tal lo w i n K u a n gt u n g pro v i nce

, ,

w h ere i t g rows so ge neral ly Large q ua n t i t i es o f vegetabl e

.

tal low are exporte d fro m so m e of th e Ya n gtse por ts I t is .

so me ti m es used as a n i n gred i e n t i n o i n t me n ts a n d th e y e llow ,

i s h m ix t u re p roc u rable fro m th e ca n dle m akers is u se fu l i n -

m ak i n g u p s up posi tories M ed ici nal ly is is used as a po m ad e

.

for t h e h a ir bei n g sai d to ch a nge gray h a i r to black

,
I t is .

also appl i ed to al l s orts o f sores a nd sk i n er u ptio ns Take n .

i n ter n a l ly i t is bel i eved to be e m et i c p urgat i ve hydr a gog ue

, , , ,

a nd a n tido tal C ases o f poiso n i ng i n C h i n a are ge n eral l y

.
, ,

treated w i t h a dose of t h e tal lo w or t h e o i l o f t h e al b um e n, ,

a n d i t is ge n eral ly u se fu l f or t h is p u rpose o n acco un t of i ts oi l y

n at u re a n d i ts no t v iole n tly e m e t ic propert i es .

ST R YC H N O S I G N A TI A H E ( Ln s.u n g uo)
k - -
.

T h is i s m e n tio n ed i n t h e A ppe nd i x to t he P é zzts a o T h ere is .

n o t m u ch descri p t i o n of th e pl a n t b u t w h at t here is i s s uffi ,

c ie n t to ide n t i fy th is o f B la nc o l 43 .
m
i ( C h ia w-
a l u n g ) i s
-
g i v e n as the B isay a n n a m e o f th e fr u i t .

T h e bi tter a n d poiso n o us prop erti es of th e fr u i t a n d seed are

po i n ted out T he dr ug is h i gh l y v al ued m ed i c i n al l y a nd t h e
.
,

seeds are cal led g E ( Pao to u) preci o us bea n s

\
-
,
e i the r o n
“
,

acco un t of t h is est i m a te or o n acco u n t o f thei r cost The y a re .

u sed as a co u n terpoiso n i n a g u e i n testi n al w or ms i n pos t , ,

par t um d i ffi c ul ties a nd epide m ics ,

.

S T R Y C H N O S N U X VO M I C A fig (-
F a n mu .
-

pie h ) Q i f] ( M a
, 79 8 Th e seco n d ch aracte r .o f t h e
seco n d n a me is properl y w r i tte n iii as re ferri n g to t h e c a s h ” “
,

on a h orse s br i d le ; b ut i t is co m m o n l y wri tte n as above

’
.

"
Ot h er na m es are E? fi if : E (K u s h i h pa to u) bi tter seeded
‘ - - -
,
“ -

”
P ersia n bea n a nd X 3 1] TB fl ( H uO sh i h k o pa t u) w h ic h
- - -
‘ - -
, ,

see ms to be a tra n sl i teratio n o f a foreig n ter m Th is d r u g is .

n o w fo u n d i n Szec h u a n b ut i t ori gi nal l y ca m e fro m so me

,

M oh a mmeda n co unt ry A s th e bri gh t re d fr ui t of t h e p la n t

.
426 C H I N E S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

rese m bl es t h at o f Af om or a i ca coc/ i t is so m e ti mes

'
’
zzn

co n fo u n ded w i t h th at i n n o c u o us pla n t Th e seeds are co m mo n .

l y used to poiso n d ogs a n d are forbidde n to be sold to stra n ge

,

perso ns A co n side rabl e a m o u n t o f u n c erta i n ty exists as t o th e

.

i de n ti fi c ati o n o f th is s u bs ta nc e as fo u nd i n th e sh ops for w h il e

t h e above state m e n t as to th e p o i so n o us properties o f th e seeds
, ,

a n d ca u ti o n i n re gard to th eir sale is g i ve n t h e ker n els are , ,

sti l l said t o be n o n poiso n o u s-

Th ese ker n els are said to b e
.

u se fu l i n th e treat me n t o f th e o ne h und red a nd t w e n ty

d iseases a nd are especial ly reco mm e nded i n fe v er t h roa t
, ,

a ff ectio ns a gue a nd abdo m i n al e n large me nts

, ,
Th ey are .

powdered a n d e n ter i nto th e co m posi ti o n o f oi n t me n ts fo r th e

dispersio n o f s wel l i ngs a nd th e powder i s bl ow n i n to t h e
,

t h roat i n t h e treat m e n t o f c yn a c h e M ade i n to a m ass i t i s .

,

so m eti m es i n trod uc e d i n t o th e vagi n a to prod uce abortio n .

STY RA X B E NZ OI N —fi E ( Asn h si h sia ng) . Th e - -

.

S a n scri t n a m e i s represe n ted by $51 E1 fl

lj ( C h u pei l o ‘ - -

h sia ng) .T h is dr u g is said to be u sed by m akers of i n ce nse ,

bu t o n acco u nt o f i ts cos t i t i s probable t h a t very l i ttle is so

e m pl oyed A ccord i n g to D r
. Wi l l ia m s i t is i m por ted i n t o
.

S o uther n C h i na fro m B or neo a nd S u m atra T h e A i r 11 5 1, i n th e .

-

C h i n ese n a m e probabl y re fers to th e Part h i a n s or Persia n s

, , ,

w h ose co u n try to geth er w it h A n a m S u m atra a nd Ce n tra l , ,

A sia i s said to h ave y ield ed th is forei g n d r u g

,
Th e t ree is .

said to h av e e vergree n f o u r cor nered le aves a n d to rese m ble

-

th e M el i a az edarac h D isi n fec ta n t d eodorizi n g car m i n ati ve

.
, , ,

cord ial sti m u la n t art h ri tic a nd seda ti ve properties are

, , ,

ascribed to th e d r u g It is prescri bed i n w or m s grip i ng pa i ns

.
,

i n th e abdo me n a nd o ther d iseases o f ch i ldre n

,
A very .

c u ri o us a nd a musi n g t est is g i ve n for ascertai n i n g th e p ur i ty

o f t h is dr ug i f ge nu i ne th e f u m es fro m b u r n i ng th i s s ubsta n ce
w i l l a ttrac t rats a n d m ice a nd is also sai d to d rive aw ay d ev ils
,

a n d attract good s p i rits H owever this s h o u ld n o t be add uc e d

.
,

as a proof t h at th e C h i n ese co n si der rats to be good sp i ri ts .

Th e dr u g is reco m m e nd ed i n sper m atorrh oea .

L I Q U I D BEN O N
Z I — /
fi E i[il ( A h hs i y u)
. . Th is is m e n - -
.

t i o ne d i n th e P é /zt s a o as a treac le l i ke oi l w i t h al l t h e properties

-

of th e gu m be nzoi n I t is sol d i n s mal l bot t les i n t h e lar ge

.
42 8 CH I N ES E MA T ER I A M ED I C A .

T .

T A MAR I N D U S IN D IC A EH n m i l o)
( A T h is .
- -
.

is a B udd h i s t tra nsl iteratio n o f t h e Sa n s c ri t n a m e o f th e

ta m ari nd a ml a a nd is o nl y me t w i t h i n B udd h ist book s S ee
, ,
.

E i t el s H a nd book of B u dd h is m pages 7 a n d 8 Faber i s

’
.
,

wr o n g i n u si n g fi fig ( A n l o s h u) for th is as th ese ch ar
‘

- -
,

a c t e rs re fer to t h e h og p l u m a n d ma ng o See M a ng zf er a zn a zca

’ '
’
'

-
.

a n d S po n a za s a m a m
’
'

T A M AR I X C H I N E N SI S — ff§g fill ( Ch é ng l i u) O th er .
‘ -
.

n a mes are j 1? ( C h i h ii ] $53 ( H o l i u) fi $91]

‘ -
;

m
,

C h u i ss u l i u ) 2 7 0 a n d 23; E ( K u a n y i n l i u) Th e com
( ?
‘ “
- - 7 , ,
- -
.

mo n n a m e is g 451 (] S a n c h un l i u
) Th e rese mbla n ce of - ‘ -
.

t h e fl owers of th i s ge n us to th ose o f th e w i l lo w h as ca u sed th e

C h i nese to class th is w i t h th e la t ter fa m i l y I t h as a dark red .

bark i ts leaves rese m bl e floss si l k i t i s not i nj u red ei th er by

, ,

fros t or s n o w a n d i t k n ows w h e n rai n is ap proa c h i ng a n d

,

i n d ica t es th is fact by i ts m o v i ng l eaves I t is cal led S a n .

c/ beca u se i t flo wers t h ree t i mes a year i n pale red

'

z u n Zzu
‘ -
, ,

spi k es t h ree or f o ur i n che s lo ng Th e ta m aris k w ood i s u sed .

i n m ed ici n e i n t h e treat me n t o f sores d ue t o h orse o r d o n k ey

bl ood getti n g i nto a w o u n d ( a n th rax Th e t w i gs a nd l ea v es
are a n ti v i n ous car m i n at i v e a nd di u re t i c Ta ma mx m a m za
'

.
, ,

is cal led i ? in ( Ch é ng j u) a nd is used as a v u l n erary re m ed y

t
‘ -
,

i n w o un ds .

T A N A C E TU M C H I N E N S E —fi 3g ( C h i ai ) See ‘ -
. A r te
mzsza mt Zg a ms
’ ’ '

TA N A R I U S M AJ OR ( of S u ma tr a ) Ffi E é ( C h i a ng . .

C h en h sia n g )
-
Th is bota n ical n a m e fol l ows D r W i l l ia m s ; i t
. .

h as n o t bee n fo u n d el se w here T h e prod u c t is k n o wn as Za / ea .

wooa ’
.O th er C h i nese n a mes are fie; “
( T z fi t é n g hs i a n g
) -
‘ -

i n w h i ch i t is co n fo u n ded w ith I/Vi s ta ma a n d E E (C h i

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’
,

k u hs i a n g ) 4 8 i n w h i ch i t is co n fo un ded w i th l i g n al oes
-
, ,
It .

i s said to c o me fro m Syria a nd i ts od or i s l i ke ned t o th at o f ,

S appa n w ood I t i s said n o w to be fo und i n K ua n gt ung

.
,
 VEGE T AB L E K I N GDOM .
429

K ua n gs i , Y un na n Szech ua n H upe h Ca m bodi a S ia m B or n eo

, , , , , ,

a nd L i u ch i u Tha t co m i ng f ro m abroad i s preferred to th e

.

n ati v e art i c l e I t is m et w i t h i n b un dles of l o n g r o u gh pieces

.
, ,

of a redd ish grey col or o n th e o utside a nd o f a deep m age n t a

-
,

red o n t he brok e n s ur f ace R otte n por tio ns of th e w ood are .

so m eti m es fo u nd i n i ts s u bs t a n ce h avi ng l ost m ore or l ess o f ,

t h ei r col or Th e grai n i s v er y h ard t h e odor frag ra n t b ut th e

.
, ,

taste is very slig h t The w ood i s u sed i n dye i n g a nd i s

.
,

powdere d a nd m ixed w ith oth er s u bsta nces to m ak e i nce ns e .

Is is u sed i n m ed i c al prac ti ce as a n astri nge n t as a was h t o ,

clea nse sores a nd exci te gra nu lati o ns a nd as a deodor iz i ng or ,

d is i n fecti n g a ge nt .

T ARAX A C U M O FFIC I N A LI S — 7fi§ i } i ( P u k u ng .

~ ‘ -

y i n g ) 1 0 55 Th is co m m o n pla n t h as a l arge nu m ber o f n a m es

,
.
,

s u c h as fig $5 $2 ( C h ia n g no u pl owi n g a nd h oei n g
- - -

” ”
weed g 5 ( C h i n tsa n golde n hair p i n w eed
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, Q 2 .
- - -
,

H a ti ti n g ) fl
fi 72 i T( a g h yel l ow e r ed eart h n ail
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i ) 31 é (
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a nd
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Q i t 5; ( Pa i ,

k u t i ng)
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T h e pla n t i s fo u n d ge n eral l y i n al l parts o f t h e
.

c o u n try n ort h o f th e M e il i ng ra n ge b ut i s mos t co mm o n i n

, ,

t h e Ya n gtse val ley I t i s fai rl y wel l d escri bed i n t h e P é nts a o

. .

T h e te n der sh oots are eate n as a po t h erb To n i c a n d al t er -

.

a t i ve proper t i es are as c r i bed to th e pl a n t a nd i t is prescri be d ,

i n al l sorts o f abscesses a n d swell i ngs cario u s tee th a nd s n a k e , ,

b ites .

T AXO D I U M H E TE RO P H Y LLU M 7I( $5} ( Sh u i s ung)

'

- -
. .

Th i s ide n ti fi cati o n i s so m e w h at do ub t fu l I t is c o u n ter poiso n .

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,

c u res asci t es a nd h as te n s l abor

,
.

T E C O M A GRA N D I FL OR A .
2 (
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) -
, 733 .

See l gnom a g r a n d zflom

’ '

TE N E R I U M ST O L O N IF E R U M —1E } fi ( C h ia -
su
) It . .

i s n o t q u ite certai n i f t h is is n o t S a l m a p le bi a 3h] ZF ( Ch i ng

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ch ie h ) i s give n as a sy n o ny m , a nd a t Pek i n g t h is i s S a l ma
a nd N ep eta te m n f
'

p l e bi a ol za A s u s u al wh ere t h ere i s con.

f o un d i ng of pla n ts in th e P é n ts a o, there is not m u ch d esc r i p

43 0 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

ti o n so th a t i t i s d i ffi c u l t t o d isti n g uish
,
Th e s t al k a n d t h e .

fl o wer sp i k e o f th e pla n t s pok e n of i s u sed i n m ed ici ne a n d ,

t h ey are bot h eate n as a n h erb a nd a n i n fus io n is dr u n k as a ,

tea . To n ic a nd al tera t i v e pro perties are ascr i bed a nd i t i s ,

reco mm e n ded i n fe v er s, i n a bscesses a nd s wel l i n gs a fter l abor , ,

i n m e n str u al d i ffi c u l tie s i n h eadac h es i nd iges ti o n a nd as a n

, , ,

a s t ri n e n t i n h e m o rr h a ges
g .

T E R M I N A LI A C H E B UL A —E fl Zéjj ( H o li l é ) $5} ?
5.
- -
,

( H o t
-
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) 3 7 9,
Th e id e n ti fi cati o n i s n o t q u i te certai n as th e
.
,

fr u i ts descri bed i n t h e P é n ts a o are si x a n gled w h i l e al l t h e -

,

Te r m i n a l i a f r u i ts a re fi v e a n gled E mbl zm qfi czn a h s ma y be

’ ’ ’

-
.

s uggested as a n al ter nati ve T h e fr u i ts o f t hi s tree as wel l as

.
,

t h ose o f th e Te r m i na l i a bel le r zm h ave bee n l o ng cel ebrated

'

i n E u ropea n a nd I ndia n m ed ical practi ce u n der t h e n a m e o f

my r oba l a n s Th e fi rst n a m e i s a n i m i tati o n of so me S a n scri t
.

name th e d r u g h av i n g bee n bro ugh t by T i e n Wa ng fro m

,
‘

I nd i a . A c cord i n g to C h i nese ac c o u n t th e tree grows i n t h e ,

K u a n gt un g p rov i n c e a nd rese m bl es S ap z7zd u s ck zn ens zs

°

It
' ’

belo ngs to th e order C o m bretace ae a nd prod u ces i n I n d ia a ,

pec u li ar gall l i k e excresce n ce u p o n i ts l eaves t h e res u l t of t h e

-
,

deposi ti o n o f th e o v a o f so m e u n k n ow n i n sects These are .

cal led [ ( zzd zt k a zlp n i n Ta m i l b ut are n ot k n ow n i n Ch i na

-
, .

Th ey are astri nge n t a nd v ery usefu l i n i n fa nt il e d i arrh oea .

I n for m e r d ays C ochi n C h i n a Persia a n d A rabi a s u p pl ied t h e

-
, ,

my r oba l mzs t o C h i n a A s t h ey are pl aced i n t h e P é zzts a o j us t

.

after gal ls a n d n o t alo n g w i th fr ui ts i t i s poss i bl e th at t h e

, ,

g alls of t h e tree w ere i m ported al o n g w i th th e fr u i ts T h e .

my r oba l m z fr u i ts are deepl y fu rrowed wri n k l ed oblo n g a n d , , ,

p oi n ted a t th e l ower e n d T h ey vary fro m o n e i nc h to a n

.

i n ch a n d a hal f i n l e n gth a nd are o f a redd i sh o r gree n i s h

,

y el low col or T h e i n teri or i s h ard a nd w oody a n d the taste

.
,

i s bi tter T h ey are u se d i n C h i n a as a m ild l axati v e d eo b

.
,

s tru e n t t o n i c car mi nat i ve a n d e v e n astri n ge n t re m edy v a

, , ,

r i o us l y c o m bi n ed w i th oth er d r u gs t o deter m i n e i ts ac t i o n t o

I n I nd i a i t is u sed as a
'

th e l u n gs sto mach a n d i n test i n es

, ,
.

t opical a n d ge n eral astri n ge n t dr u g h i gh l y extol led by th e ,

n ati ves T w i n i ng h as fo u n d th e fr u i ts serv i ceable i n e n large d

.

S plee n C uri o u s acco un ts are give n i n t h e P é zzts a o o f sh ips

.
 43 2 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

T H L A S PI A RV E N S E —fi fié ( H s i m i ng ) A no th er .
-
.

n a m e is j q fi
( Ta c h i ) large shepherd s p urse
’ - ” I t is ak i n
,
“
-
.

to Caps ell a é zzr s a a n d is larger a nd m ore h i rs u te It .

i s also l i ke ned to S zs wn é r zzm z The s h oots a re said to h ar

' ’

m o n i z e th e i n ter n al orga ns a nd brigh te n t he ey es T h e s eeds .

are co nsidered to be to n ic a nd co nstr ucti ve a nd are used i n t h e ,

t reat m e n t of l u m bago a n d ey e d iseases .

T H UJ A ( B zal a ) O R I E N T A LI S —$B( Po )
’

T he C h i n ese . .

d o n ot d isti ng u ish c learl y betwee n Tfi uj a a nd C up r es s u s In .

fact A bl es a n d j zm zjfi e mzs are so m e t i m es cal led by th is sa m e

'

ge n eri c na m e Th e ar bor v i tae is 1”

. 59 ( P i e n p )o O t h er n a m es -
.

fo r Th uj a are E $9 ( A i p o) a nd fill $9 Ts e o
( p ) ; b u t t h i s las t
- ‘ -

so me ti m es re fers to j zm zp er u s
'

A l l other trees face

east ; th is al o ne faces wes t a nd th ere fore i t i s a n e m ble m o f ,

c h a stity Th ese trees fu r n is h t h e c ypress wood m uc h u sed by

. -

C h i nese fur ni t ure m akers a nd C h i nese a nd j apa n ese g a rde ners ,

del igh t to d war f a nd trai n t h e m i nto a l l sorts o f sh apes o f ,

a n i m als baskets a n d th e l i ke
, T h e leaves are u sed as d ecora
, .

t io ns a nd gar n i t u res f or prese n ts Th e fr u i ts c al led i f] E ( P o .

,

s h i h ) a nd t he k er nels of th e sa me cal led $3 { F t : ( P o tz u j é n)

, ,
- -
,

0 6 8 are u sed i n m ed i c i n e Th e n u ts are co sidered to

95 , 9 , n .

be very n u tri tio us a n d fa tte n i n g a nd th ey are sa id t o be n e fi t ,

th e resp irator y orga ns a nd to ch eck p ro fuse pers pi rat i o n .

T h ey also a ct o n t h e l i ver a nd are prescribed i n c o n v u ls ive ,

d i sorders o f c h ild re n The leaves 1 0 1 9 1 0 3 9 are u sed i n

.
, , ,

h e morrh ages a n d also i n colds

,
A decoctio n of t he j o i n ts o f .

t h e bra nch es is used i n colds rhe um a ti c d i ffi c ul t i es a nd lo c al l y , ,

i n parasi ti c sk i n d i fli c ul t i es T h e resi n i s m ixed w it h pi n e .

resi n a nd pl astered o n t u m ors as a res o l va nt The w h i te bark o f .

t h e root is po wdered a nd cal led $3 fl fii ( P o hsia n g s u i) 1 9 3 6 - -

, ,

a nd i t is used i n a n oi n t m e n t made w i th wax a n d l ard to

c ure b ur ns a nd s c alds a nd to m ak e hai r grow o n th e c icatr i c es .

T I LI A M I Q U E LI A N A —m $5; fi ( P t i s h u) T h is is .
"* ‘
u- -
.

p u rel y j a pa n ese I n C h i n a t he t h ree c h a r a cters re fer to t h e

.

F i cu s r el zgzos a t h e sa c red B o tree of B udd h is m T h is m u s t

'

.
,

n o t be co n fo u n ded w i th g } ( P u ti t z u) w h ich are th e

5 ‘ - -

fr u i ts o f S a fizn a zzs mu é or os s z See F i cu s r el zgzos a a nd S ap zn

'
’
' ' '

d u s mu é om s s z .
 V EGE T A B L E K I NGDOM .

33

TI LI A C H I N E N S I S — T E (
§ T u a n
) Th is c h arac ter i s.
“
.

a lso w r i tte n + 52 ( C h i a ) i n th e E r /
z a
y a n d i t is n o t q u ite certai n ,

w he th e r two d i ff ere n t trees are c o n fo u n ded o r t wo c h ara c ters ,

are n ot c learl y d ist i ng u is h ed A t Pek i n g Tra m refers to th e .

l i n d e n o r Zzme tree I t is des c r i bed as h a v i n g very large

’

l eaves fold ed tog e t her l i ke a fa n a n d t h e bark fur n is hes tex ti le ,

fi ber f o r m ak i n g fi s h n ets N o m ed i ca l u ses are give n for a ny .

par t o f t h e tree .

TI N CT UR E S — i§ T il ( C h i n l ei ) , T h ese w it h th e C h i nese
.
-
.

are u s u al ly fer m e n ted s p ir i ts m ade by m a c erati n g th e dr u g i n ,

a m i xt u re o f gra i n ( us ual l y ri c e ) a nd l ea v e n d u ri n g th e process

of fer m e n tati o n fo r prod u c i n g spi ri ts I n so me i ns ta n c es t h e .

prepared s p i r i t i s u sed b u t a t th e ti m e m ost o f th e for m u l ae

,

w ere pre pared d i st i l led spiri ts were u n k n ow n I n th e n ati ve .

m ed ic i n e sh ops th e o ld pro c ess i s st i l l i n u s e al th o u gh i n t h ose ,

c ases w h ere t h e pre pared S piri t is d i re c ted to be u sed d is ti lled ,

sp i r i ts are n o w e m pl oyed i nstead o f t h e o ld fer m e n ted sp i ri ts .

A l arge n u m b e r o f t h e se preparati o n s is fo u n d i n th e books o f

w h i ch the fol l owi n g are t h e pri n c i pal o n es
m A m n t/l If“ { E (W u
zo cm a x m; m
’ '

T zn a
‘ '
e p f
o ii p s zzzos zz

ch ia p i ch i u )
-
‘
A de c oc t i o n of t h e bark i s fer m e n ted w i t h ri c e
-
.

a n d leave n I t i s u sed i n c olds a n d is regarded as be n e fi c i al i n

.

d iseases o f th e l i ga m e n ts a n d bo n es .

Tzi zctu r e of A ck ry m zt/ zes bza en mm ; 4 ޤ j g ( N i u hs i

' ’
’ ‘
-

‘
h i u) A d e c o c tio n o f t h e dr u g i s fer m e n ted w i t h r ice a n d
.

s ave n a nd th e pre parat i o n is co n sidered to ni c a n d use fu l i n

,

h r o n i c m al ar i a .

Tzn ctm e of A cor n s ca l a m u s ; i ifi ( C h a ng p u

'

g ig
’
’ ‘ - ‘

h i u) A de c octio n o f th e roo t is fer m e n ted w i th rice a nd

.

ave n a n d th e prepara t i o n i s regarded as u se fu l i n al l for m s

r

f colds rh e u m a t i c d i ffi c ul ties a n d to i m prov e t h e sigh t a nd

, ,

c a ri n g .

A Lebza q zzzzm m
E { E ( T u n g ts ao c h i u ) 1 33
'

Tzfl ct zu f
' ’

f ’ ‘ ‘
e o - -
.

he fr u i ts o f th i s pla n t are de c o c ted a n d fer m e n ted w i th rice

‘

1d leave n I t is u sed i n the tre a tm e n t o f d iseases of t h e

.

>cera a n d to i m prove th e c ir c u lat io n .

Tzn cm r e of A lb u m fi s t u l os zm z ; fi 31} in ( Ts u n g sh i h
’

‘
-

Th e o n i o n s are m i xed wi th bea n fer me n t a nd d igested i n

434 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

spirits . Th is i s a re m edy for fever h eada c h e a n d d vs e nte r y

, , .

I t i s also c o n s idered to be a n h y drot i c .

Ti n el n i e of A m om n m g a i n/
f
w a les ; fig {1} fi g( S o sh a —c h iu
) -
.

Carda mo n ker nels are roasted powdered a n d d igested i n , ,

sp i ri ts . Th i s is a car m i na tive pre para t i o n u sed i n d igest i ve ,

d i ffi c u l t ies .

Ti n ei a r e of A r el i n nz Zappa ; 4: ifi ( N i u p a n g ch i u ) -
‘ -
.

Th e root i s sl i c ed a nd d igested i n sp i r i ts I t i s u sed i n colds .

,

a n d to give stre n gth to th e back a n d legs .

Ti n el n r e of A r te/n i s i a ap i a eea ; 5 $, 5
3
3 g ( C h i n g h ao
$ ‘ -

C h i u). The j u i ce o f th e herb i s ex pressed a nd fer m e n ted w i th

rice a n d l ea v e n I t is u sed i n ge nera l deb i l i t y a n d c h ro n i c
.

m al arial d i fli c ul tie s .

Ti n el n r e of A n em i s i a cap i ll a r i s ; Eli B EEW E ( Y i n ch e n

‘
-
‘

c h i n) . T h e h e rb is roasted t o a y el l o w c ol or a n d t he n m ixed ,

w i th rice a nd leave n a n d fer m e n ted i n th e u s u al m a n n er .

C olds a nd m usc u lar r h e u m atic pai n s are treated w i th t his

preparat i o n .

Ti n el m e of A sp a r ag u s l n ei el n nz ; BE P
'

3 ( T ie n m é n
‘ -

t un g C h i u)
- Th e h erb is d e c o c ted a n d th e deco c t i o n fer m e n ted
.

w i th ri ce a n d leave n Th i s i s c o n si d ered t o be to n i c to th e
.

v iscera a nd th e blood vessels a n d q ui e ti n g i n nervo us a ff ec

,

t io n s
. I t is used i n al c oh ol i c poiso ni n g .

Ti n et n r e of A tr a cty l i s o v a ta ; j fi j ifi ( S h u ch i u) Th e -
.

dr ug is peeled a n d soaked i n east flow i n g wa ter for th i rty days-

.

T h e j u ice is take n a n d ex posed to th e de w for o ne n igh t a nd ,

th e n f er m e nted w i th ri ce a n d lea v e n It i s prescr ibe d i n rh e u .

m a ti s m a nd fever .

Ti n e/ fa r e of B a m bu s a l ea v es ; fi fi { g ( C h u yeh ch i u )
‘
- -
.

A d ecocti o n o f ba m boo leaves is fer me n ted i n t h e u s u al m a n ner ,

a n d u sed i n t h e treat m e n t o f fe vers a n d to c l ar i fy th e i n tel lect

, .

Ti n eta r e of B r a s e n i a p e l ta ta ; ll” Fifi { E ( H s i e n m a o ch i u) - -

.

T h e dr u g is s t ea m ed a nd d r i ed n i n e t i mes a n d th e n d i gested ,

i n spi ri ts I t is co ns i dered to be stre n gth e n i n g to t h e v i r i le

.

powers a nd is u sed i n t he trea t m e n t of ge n era l debi l i ty a nd

,

w ast i n g .

Ti n el n r e of C a n n a bi s s a l i v a s e ed s ; { 3 Jilin (M a j en -

ch i u) There is m ore tha n o ne for m ul a for th i s prepara ti o n

.
,

b u t i n th e co mm o n o ne t h e ker n els o f th e seeds are brow n ed

436 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

in th e u s u al m a nner T h i s is u sed i n d iseases o f th e kid n e y s

.

a n d th e ears .

Ti n cl n r e of Cj /p er n s r o l a n a n s 7 00l j /l c ( S o ké n c h i u
)
’
j
'

fi g ’ - -
’
i .
,

T he root i s sl i c ed a n d stea m ed a nd t h e n d i ge s ted i n S p i r its

, .

I t i s u sed i n d i seases of th e bladder a n d i n d e p ress i o n o f s p i r i ts ,

d ue t o a n y c a u se .

Ti n cl m e of D i o s cor ea gn i zzq n e l oba ; 5: $15 jg ( Sl i n y u

’ -

C h i u). Th e t u bers are powdered and fe r m e n ted w i t h l e a ve n ,

o r th e re i s added C o r i i u s o fl i c i n a l i s S c h i z a n d ra c h i n e nsis a nd
, ,

g i n se n g t o i n c rease i ts V i r t u e
,
I t i s c o n s i d ered to be to n i c
.
,

stre n gth e n i n g to th e v i ri l e p owers a n d be n e fi c i al to th e splee n ,

a nd sto m a c h .

Ti n ct u r e of F ce n i cn l n zn z/n lg a l e; in ( H u i h s ia n g
'
-

ch i u ). The fe n n e l seed s are s i m ply d i gested i n sp ir i ts .

Forei g n fe n n el i s m os t h i gh l y estee m ed for th i s p u r pose Th e .

preparati o n i s used as a n a n ody n e a nd car m i n at ive i n stra n gury

a n d te n es m us .

Ti ncl n r e of l p o mce a ba l a l a s ; 11 j g ( K a n s h u c h i u) - -
.

Th e t u ber i s sl i c ed a n d di gested i n sp i r i ts fo r a n i nde fi n i te

le n gth o f t i m e Th e prepara ti o n is c o n s idere d war m i n g to th e
.

sto m a c h astr i n ge n t i n d i arrh oea a n d a ph rod is i a c

, ,
.

Ti n cl n r e of L ig n s l r n ni l zcci cl a i n ba r k ; f r 5 j}: in ( N i r
ch en p i ch i u)
- ‘ -
Th e bark i s c u t i n to sl i ces a n d d igested i n
.

s piri ts . I t i s c o ns i d ered as to n i c espe c i all y to th e l o i n s

,
.

Ti n ci n i e of L on i cer a j ap on i ca ; g in (j é n t u n g c h i u) - -
'

Th is t i n ct u re i s prepared b y a c o m pl i c ated pro c ess w h i c h d oes

n o t se e m o f m u c h i m porta n c e So m e o f th e v irt u es as c r i bed to
.

th e preparatio n are do u btless at tr i b u ted to th e pec u l i ar m eth od

o f preparati o n w h i ch is g i ve n i n th e P é / zl s a o I t i s va u n ted a s .

a re m ed y i n all f or m s o f c a n c ero u s a n d vir u le n t sores n o ,

m atter u po n w h at part o f th e body th e y m a y be fo u nd I t is .

tak e n i n ter nal ly T he t u m or i s pu n c t u red a n d so m e for m o f

.

pl aster is appli ed i n per fec t co n fide n c e th a t th e d isease w il l

,

be speed i l y c u red .

Ti n cl n r e of Ly ci u m c/ zi n e n s e; l id 7mjg ( K o n c h i c h i u ) - -
.

Th e seeds o f th e pla n t are boi led so ft th e p u l p ex p ressed a n d , ,

er m e n te d w i th r i c e a n d l eave n O r t h e seeds are d i gested .

toge th er w i th R eh m a n n ia gl u t i n osa i n prepared spi r i ts Th is .

i s a to n i c preparati o n a nd i s u se fu l espe c i a l ly i n sex ual d eb i l ity

,
.
 VEGE T A B L E K I NG D O M .
37

/ ma
'

Tzn cl n r e f
o lil on oc za s
E fl jg ( s a zra l i e r i
j g ; L n -
un

c li i u
)
. Th e dr u g i s d iges t ed i n sp r i ts toge t h er w i t h D i os c orea
.

bata tas . Th i s i s u sed i n p ro fuse u ri n a t i o n a nd ge ne ra l d eb i l i ty .

Ti n cl n r e of fll o r n s a l oa i i s j g ( Sa ng s li é n c li i u) Th e - -
.

j c e o f i n ul be r r ie s i s bo iled a n d fer m e n ted w i th lea v e n i n t h e

u i
u s u al m a n n er I t i s u se d i n d ropsy a n d i t is sa i d th a t o u t o f
.
,

t e n a ffli c ted w i th th is d i ffi c u l ty i f th ey u s e t h i s re m ed y n o t , ,

o ne w i l l d i e .

Ti nct a r e of M i l / g ed i zu n s i oi r i a cn m
E ll}? j g ( C li u s li é n
g
-

C h in
) T w o p i n ts o f th e seeds are c o m bi n ed w i t h t wo p i nts o f
.

th e ker n e ls o f Co i x l a c li rv m a a nd a h a l f c at ty o f th e fres h
root o f R eh m a n n i a gl u t i n osa Th ese are d i gested i n s p i r its
.
,

a nd t h e p re pa rat i o n i s u sed i n t h e treat m e n t o f d e b i l i t v a n d

r h e u m at ic d i fli c u l t i e s .

Ti n e/ a re
of P a c/ i
y n i a cocos ;
23; g j g ( F u l i n g c h i u) Th e - -
.

po wdered t u bers are fer m e n ted w i t h lea ve n a n d r i c e a nd used

as a to n i c re m ed y .

Ti n ctn z e of P a n a x g i n se ng ; A 522 j g ( j é n s li é n c li i u )
'
- -
.

T h e root i s po wd ered a n d fer m e n ted w i th r i c e a nd lea ve n o r ,

d i gested i n prepared sp i r i t I t is u sed as a to n i c i n al l wast i n g

.

d iseases .

Ti n cl n r e of p i l c/ z;
11}
5 g j g ( S u n g ye l i c li i u ) T h e fresh-
l y -
.

c oll e c ted pi t c h i s fer m e n ted w i t h gl u t i n o u s r i ce a n d u sed i n t h e ,

trea t m e n t o f c olds a nd l o c al l y i n c h i ll b la i ns .

Ti n cl a r e of P olyg o n a t u m ca n a l i cn la l n m co ; i f is}? jg .

c atties eac h o f Pol ygo nat u m c a n a

( H u a ii
g c h i-
n g c li i u ) -
Fo u r .

l i c ul a t u m a n d A tra c ty l i s S i n e nsis ; fi v e c att i es o f Ly c i u m

-

orie n tal i s l eaves ; and th ree catt i es o f A s parag us l u cid us are

deco c ted a n d th e de c o c tio n m i xed w i t h gl u t i n o us ri ce a n d
,

leave n a n d fer m e n ted

,
Th is i s n o u r ish i n g to n i c aph rod i sia c
.
, , ,

a nd re c o n str u ctive .

Ti n ctu r e of P o l yg o n n nz ; g j g ( Liao c li i u) A de c oct i o n -

.

of th e pl a n t i s fer m e n ted wi th l eave n a nd r ice a nd th e prepara

t i o n is reco m m e n d ed as a to n ic .

Ti n ctu r e of Tr ee P olyg on m n ; 35z jg ( T ie n l iao c h i u)

‘ - -
.

T h e pla n t fro m w h ich th i s i s m ad e i s n ot real l y a P ol y go n u m ,

rese m bl i n g th at pla n t o n l y i n taste b ut i t has no t bee n possi ble

Th e bark of th e tree 75g ( M u t ie n l i ao ) i s
‘
to i de n ti fy i t .
- -

d i gested i n spiri ts i n th e spri ng a n d s u m m er for seve n tee n

,
43 8 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

d ays , an th e a u t um n a n d w i nter fo r t we n ty seve n days

d i ii
-
It -
.

is c o n sidered to be a sovere i g n re m ed y fo r al l the F eng diseases .

Ti n cl n r e of P op n l a s a l ba oa r /; é 5
$ 3 j } : j g ( Pai c
ya n g -

p i c h i u)
‘ -
Th e bark o f the tree i s sl i c ed a nd d igested i n
.

sp i rits I t i s u sed as a rev ulsi ve a nd c orre c ti n g re m ed y

. .

Ti n cl a r e of P r n n a s p e r s i ca oa r / e;
M 5 3 5 j (
g T a o p i ‘
-
‘

ch i n
) A d ecoct i o n o f t h e bark o f th e pea c h tree i s fer m e n ted
.

togeth er w i th r i c e a n d leave n Th is preparatio n is co nsidered

.

to be d i u re ti c a nd is used i n d ropsy
,
.

Ti n cl n r e of R e/ i ni a n i a n l i n os a ;
i jg ( T
”

g l fil
l i li ii a n
g
-

c h i n) The root o f th i s pl a n t i s m i xed w i t h leave n a nd r i c e

.

sealed u p i n a v esse l for se ve n d a y s a n d th us fer m e n ted u nd er ,

press ure Th e preparat i o n i s co nsidered to be to ni c a n d

.

rej u ve n ati n g .

Ti n ct n r e of R os a r ug os a co 51 fl 192 jg ( F é n g pi yao
.
, 7
- -

ch i u) Use o n e o u n ce ea c h o f th e wh i te flo wers o f H i bisc us

.

sy ria c us R osa a ne m o nae flo ra a nd R osa r u gosa o ne h al f o u n c e

, ,

o f the flo wers of D at u ra m ete l fi v e flo wers o f Sola n um n i g ru m ,

a n d o f th e fles h o f Lo n ga n fr ui ts a nd n orth er n d ates o ne o u n c e ,

ea c h A l l i s soaked i n sp ir i ts a n d used i n r he u m ati c d iffi c ul

.

ties a nd c olds .

Ti n cl zcr e of S a rg a ss u m s i li gzca s l r a m ; jfi fig jg ( H a i tsao -

c h i n) T he sea weed is w a sh ed clea n a n d d i gested i n spi r i ts

.
.

I t i s u sed i n th e treat m e n t o f goi tre a nd m a y be co n sidered to ,

be a very good wa y o f ad m i n i s t er i n g i od i ne .

Ti n cl a r e of S k i m m i a j ap o ni ca ; g jg ( Y i n g y u ch i u
) ~ -
.

S k i m m ia j a po n i c a t h e th ree n a m ed spec ies o f a c o n i te J u s ti c i a

, ,

ge n dar ussa Pol ygo n at u m v ul gare Si ler d i v ar i c at u m C oc c u l us

, , ,

t h u n bergii R h odode n dro n m e tter n i c h ii R h odode ndro n c h i

, ,

n e n s i s A sar u m s i e b o ld i a nd c i nn a m o n h ear t are d igested i n

, ,

s piri ts for a period ra n g i ng fro m th ree d ays i n s u m m er to seve n

d ays i n w i n ter T h is co m bi n ati o n o f poiso n o us d r u gs is u sed

.

o nly i n wasti n g pals i es Th e d isease bei n g c o nsidered t o be

.

t h e res u l t o f a v ir u le n t po i so n req u ires th ese v ir u le n t dr ugs

,

for i ts treat m e n t .

Ti n cl n r e of S op / 20 m
j apon ica ; a fi jg ( H uai c h i h ch i u) - -
.

T h e tw i gs of Soph ora j a po n i c a are de c o c ted a n d fer me nted i n

t h e us ual m a nn er T he preparati o n is used i n t h e treat me n t
.

o f leprosy .
4 40 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

redd i s h bro w n m e m br a ne
-
Th ey h ave l i ttle taste b u t are.

re p u t ed t o be pe p t i c a n th el m i n t i c l a xa t i ve a nd t u s s i c i n t h e i r
, , ,

u a l i t ie Th ey c o n t a i n m uc h o i l a nd i n Ja pa n th i s i s ex
q s .
.

pressed a nd sold o n th e m ark e t Th ey c a n be eate n i n large

q u a n t i t i es w i th o u t fea r o f d ise a se fro m t h e i r u s e Th e P é /z .

151m d i s ti n g u i s h ed th e M g as be i n g sl i gh tl y d el e teri o u s ; s o
so m et i m es t h is m u s t re fer to t he fr u i ts o f a n oth er tree ; pro b
abl y Th e i r o n l y u s e i s as a n a n th el m i n ti c .

A prod uc t c a l l e d Hi; i ( P a i h u a ) a n d des c r i b ed as fl ow e r o f -

,

Tor r ey a n zwzf e r a i s a lso g i ve n ,

I t i s sa i d t o be b i tter car .
,

m i na t i v e a n t h el m i n t i c a n d t o g i ve a good c ol or
, ,
I t ca n n ot .

be tak e n v e r v l o n g w i th o u t del ete ri o u s e ffe c ts

T RA C H YC AR PU S E X C E LS A .
1g (1Ts u ng -
l n) ; see
C/
za mze m s
p ar ml s a .

T R A C H Y L OS P E R M U M J A S M I N O I D E S — j fii Fifi ( V
‘
Va n
l a n) see M emp / cx zs S l a zm t o zzzz $5 5 ( Lo h i ); see R /
' ' '

S h z zz
y .
-

m zzm j m zu md es
' '

cos
p cr as .

T RA P A B I S P I N OS A Tr apa 7za f m zs — § Z g ( C h i S h i h ) ,
.
-
,

a ter f a l l /
a ; ( L i n g ) 7k 3 ;
3
( S h
,
i u l i ) T h is is th e w -
M o
.
p or w a f er ,

Th e c o m m o n n a m es are E Z; ( L i n g c h i o ) a n d a?
‘

f lzes t n u z .
-

a o l i n g) Th e c o m m o n k i n d is t h e t w o h o r n ed ; b u t there
( L -
.

are th ree a nd fo u r h or n ed k i n ds Th e fi rst n a m e is sa id to .

re fer t o th e t h ree h or ned w h i le L i ng re fers to t h e t wo a n d ,

fo ur h or n ed B u t i n c e n tr a l C h i n a th e y are al l call ed L i ng
. .

T he p l a n t is so m et i m es co n fo u nded w i th E zn y a l e f er ox I t .

gro ws pl e n t i ful l y i n th e po nd s lak es a n d r i vers o f C h i n a , , ,

h as bee n u sed fro m very a n c i e n t ti m es as a n ar ti c l e o f d i et ,

a nd i s i n cl ud ed a m o n g th e th i n gs to be o ffered i n rel igi o us

ri t ual . L i S h i h C h en gi v es a ver y good d es c ri pt i o n of th e
-

pla n t i ts fr ui t a n d th e m a n n er o f c u l ti va t i o n I t i s sa i d th at
, , .

i f eate n ra w i t w i l l i nj u re th e d i gesti ve tra c t prod uci n g w or m s ,

a n d i n test i n al d i sord ers Th is i s n o t s u rpr i s i n g s i n ce t h e n u t

.
,

is u s u a l l v prod uc ed i n fi l th y po n ds B o i l e d i t i s eate n i n grea t .

,

q u a n t i t i es w i th grea t re l i sh b v a l l c lasses o f people espe c ial l y ,

c h i ldre n a n d w i th o u t da n er I t is regarded as n u tri tio us a nd

, g .

c o n str u c t i v e a nd be i n g a w ater prod u c t i t is th o u gh t t o

,
a
,
 VEG E T A B L E K I NGDOM .
4 4 1

rel i e v e th i rs t red u ce fe ver a nd t o be use ful i n s uns t rok e

, ,
.

T h e flo wers a n d sh el ls o f t h e fr u i ts are u sed for dy ei ng th e

w h i skers a nd h air a n d as a n astr i nge n t i n fl uxes 3? fi
,
.

F o u l i n g ) i s a n a m e assig ned t o Tr ap a n a ta n s a nd re fers t o a

( -
,

k i n d rese m bl i ng t h e Fre n c h wa ter c hest n ut .

—
T R I B ULU S T E RR E ST R I S g§ 22 ( C h i Ii) , 52 .
-
. Th e
E i lzy a gi ves 3 6 ( Tz ii ) as th e cl ass i c al n a m e I t is t he f a i th 0p
' /
.
,

a nd i s fo u n d i n m a n y parts o f C h i n a O n acco u n t of t h e sp i n y .

c h aracte r o f t h e f r u i t i t is cal led i f; j } (C h i h h si n g ) pre ve n t -

,
“

i n g w al k i n g ” T here are t w o k i nd s t h e co mm o n k i n d bei n g

.
,

cal l ed H; fl £ 2 (Tu ch i l i ) a n d a no t h er k i n d co m i ng fro m

- -

S he ns i is called é] fi fi ( Pai c h i l i ) 9 3 6 o r if}; 253 fi (S h a

- -
, ,

y ii a n
- ch i l i ) 1 08 I
- fro
,
m t h e place ,
fro m w h i c h i t i s bro u gh t .

Th e seed s o f th e ord i nary k i n d are c o nsi dered to be d i u re t i c ,

to n ic a bort i facie n t gal actago gue al t era t i ve a nd a n t h el m i n ti c

, , , ,
.

Th ey are u sed i n sper ma torrh oea a nae m ia i n part u r it io n , , ,

c o ughs p ur ul e n t e xpec torat i o n a n d h e mm orrh o id s Th e seeds

, ,
.

o f t h e w h i te k i nd are special l y reco m m e n d ed i n k id ne y d iffi c ul

t ies a ud s p e rma to rrh d aa Th e flowers are reco mm e n ded i n
.

w h i te l eprosy a n d a decoc t io n of t h e s h oots i s used i n scal y

,
-

a n d scab i o u s sk i n d iseases .

TR I C OM A N E S JAPONICUM gg ( W u c h i n) O t h er .
-
.

n a m es are E —
( S h i h fa) E E ( S h i h E 352 ( S h i h i) a n d
,
-
,

Q g A s u s u a l w i t h th e C h i n ese i n th e case o f
fer ns th ere is m u c h co n fo u n d i ng o f ge n era a nd s pecies
,
I t is .

u sed i n fe v ers bl add er d i ffi c u l ties j a u nd i c e w o u nds m e n or

, , , ,

r h agi a a n d as a st i m u la n t to t h e grow t h o f h air

,
.

TR I CO S A N T H E S M U L TIL O B A x—lfx E m mi 6 40 .

I t is p robable that other spe c ies are i ncl uded u nder t h is ter m ,

as Tr zcos a n t/ a nd Tr zcos a n t/
'

j ap on i ca T h e pla n t
’

zes zes .

i s a sort o f bry mzy rese m bl i n g B ry a m a A c l assi c a l

’

n a m e is ( K u o lo
) N earl y e very par-
t o f th
. is pla n t i s u sed

i n m ed ic i n e b u t t h e pri n cipal prod u cts are t h e seeds 6 4 0 th e

, , ,

r i nd o f th e fr ui t 6 4 1 a n d th e root ,
T h e bro wn ish y el l o w
, .
-

dried r i nd o f t h is fr u i t i s me t w i t h i n d r u g sh o ps i n broke n o r ,

col l a psed pieces i nd ic a t i ng a gl ob u lar fr u i t of so m e t hree or

,
442 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

fo u r i n c hes i n le n gth I n th e rece n t state t h e pepo h as a

.
,

yel lo w r i n d a n d t h e gl ob u lar fr u i ts abo u t th e s i ze o f a m a n s

, ,
’

fi s t h a n g gracefu l ly fro m the bra n ch es

,
on l o n g sle nder ,

ped i c els Th e s e eds are l arge fl at a nd brow n

. Th e ker nel , ,
.

i n th e rece n t state is g ree n a n d c o n tai ns m uc h o i l w h i c h is ,

so m et i m es expressed a n d used as la m p oi l Th ere i s l i t tl e or .

n o d i ff ere n ce i n t h e m ed ical act i o n a n d us e o f t h e fr u i t a n d

seeds .B oth are re garded as n u tri t i o us t u s s i c th i rst rel i ev i n g , ,

-
,

to n i c a nd astr i nge n t i n fl u xes

,
Th e y are also ad m i n i stered i n .

a n di ce s u ppress i o n o f u ri n e rel axati o n o f the m u c o us m e m

j u , ,

bra n es retai ned place n ta agala c t i a a n d sy ph i li t i c u l c ers T h e

, , ,
.

seeds are fo u n d i n co m m er c e u n der th e n a m e o f [ 1Kg t ( K u a ,

l ou j en ) 6 4 0
-
,
.

Th e root goes u nder th e n a m e o f 36 72 $5 } ( T ie —

h fe )
‘
n u a n -
,

1 292 , 5 ( Pai ya o) 9 7 0
a n d [23 £ 9 7
T h i s is fo u nd i n th e sh ops i n
-
,
.

i rreg ular pie c es t wo o r th ree i nch es i n le ngth a n d vary i n g i n

, ,

size fro m that o f a l i ttle fi nger to a m a n s t h u m b E x ter n al l y

’
.

t h ey are pal e yel l ow ish w h i te i n c olor us u all y m arked w i t h

-
,

irreg ular l o n g i t ud i n al s tri ae a n d i n ter n all y they are h ard , ,

a m y lac eo u s a nd w h ite w i th yel l ow i sh m ed u llary rays passi n g

, ,

fro m t h e circ u m fere n ce to ward th e c e nter Th ey are very a pt .

to be wor m eate n w h e n th ey beco me red uc ed to a very fi ne

-
, ,

wh ite d ry p o wder co m pared to s no w Th is a m y laceo us

, ,
.

s u bsta n ce is n o t fo und i n th e root of th e gro wi n g pla n t b u t i s ,

d epos i ted as t h e pla n t at tai n s mat ur i ty a n d is therefore ex ,

tracted fro m t he old root d ug up i n t h e a u t u m n Th i s s tarc h .

i s co n sidered to be cool i ng n u tr i tio us q u iet i n g to t he ce n ters , , ,

a n d heal i n g i n t h e case of w o u nds I t i s also reco mm e n ded i n .

j a u n d i ce poly u r,
i a a m e n orrh oea a n d abs c esses
,
T o th e s tal k ,
.

a n d leaves o f t h e pl a n t are a ttr i b u ted a n ti febri le propert i es .

TR I COS A N T H E S P A L M A T A — é] gg 5} ( Pa i ya o tz fi ) .
- -
,

970 . S uch is an i de n ti fi cat i o n of Faber See t h e last arti c le . .

T R I G ON E LL A F CE N U M G R ZE C U M — fifl E E -
.

( u
H
l n p a ) 4 8 5 g E ( K u t o u)
-
, ,
These are th e s m al l pale
‘ -
.
, ,
red
d i sh bro wn seeds of a l eg u m i n o us pla n t w i th s m al l
-
pods ,

i ntrod u c ed i n to th e so u t her n prov i n c es o f C h i n a fro m so m e

fore i g n c o u n try a nd at fi rs t u nd erstood by C h i n ese wr i ters
,
t o be
4 44 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

may be ass um ed th a t barley or rye ( i nc l ud ed by D r S c h le gel .

u n der th e n a m e o f L a z) h as bee n l o n ger k n ow n i n S he n s i t h e ,

or i g i n al h o m e o f th e C h i n ese t h a n wh eat w h i c h c a m e ” t o , ,
“

th e m fro m el sew h ere I t i s asserted i n t h e P é azl s a o th at i f th e

.

X a zzf / zzu m s t r u m a r zzm z be c u t U p

’

drie d a n d m i xed wi th th e
'

, ,

w heat i t w i l l n o t s u ff er fro m w ee vi ls Wh eat i s rega rded as .

n o u r i sh i n g b u t h ea ti n g i n i ts n at u re
, I t i s sa i d to be d i u re t i c .
,

de m u l c e n t a n d a n t i he m orrh ag i c
, I ts u s e i s also sa i d t o p r o
.

m ote fert i l i ty i n w o m e n I t i s re c o m m e n ded t o be u sed i n

.

gravel l epro u s sk i n d i seases a nd i n w o u nds o f th e abd o m e n

, , .

Th e gra i n s of w h ea t w h i c h h ave n o t fi l l e d o ut a n d w i l l th ere ,

fore fl oa t o n w ater are call e d j? g ( F o u m a i)

,
Th ey are -
.

roasted a n d c o n s i dered u se fu l i n c ol l i q u a ti ve sw eati n g espe ,

c i a l l y i n t u ber c u l os i s i n w o m e n .

W H E A T EN B R A N —Z E5 ( M a i fu) 25 g S
“

( M ai f n tz fi ) -
,
- -
.

B ra n i s of very good q u al ity i n C h i na t h e fl o u r no t h av i ng ,

bee n e n t i re l y re m oved by th e ro u gh m od e o f gri nd i n g th e

me al . N u tri ti ve de m ul c e n t v u l nerary a n d d is c u t i e n t prop
, , ,

er t i es are referred to t h i s u sefu l d o m esti c re m ed y w h i c h is ,

m ad e i n to p o u l t ices w i th v i n egar or i n to a tea fo r th e s up p re s ,

si o n o f severe s weats bl ood y u ri n e or a ny flux B arl ey bra n

, ,
.

is d irected to be s u bsti t u ted fo r w h eate n bra n i n spri n g a n d

s u m mer .A p i l lo w s t u ff ed w i th fresh bra n is cred i ted w i t h
m u ch t h e sa m e sooth i ng or cool i n g e ffe c ts i n s m all pox a n d
oth er seri o u s d iseases o f i n fa nc y as th e o l d fash i o ned h op
pill o w B ra n is n ot m u ch used i n feedi ng c attl e b u t i t i s
.
,

so meti m es g i ve n t o pigs I t is a n arti cl e of veter i n ar y medici n e

. .

WH E A T EN F L O U R ( M ie n) gm( H u i m ie n
) Q 255 1
,
-
,

( Pa -
i m i e n) Th . i s is descr i bed i n th e P é n zs a o a s bei n g sl i gh t l y

d el eterio u s I f h u ng u p i n a n ai ry pl ace f or severa l y ears i t

.
,

is sai d to l ose t h is i nj u ri o us q u al i ty a n d to be s u i t abl e for

m ed i c i n a l p u rposes For m er ly w h eat w as gro u n d by r ud e
.
,

h a n d s t o n es o f th e m ost pri m i t i ve c hara c ter as i n th e r u ra l ,

distr ic ts of C h i n a i s t o so me ex te n t s til l the case I n l arger .

tow ns th e m i l lers e m pl oy th e y el l o w cow as a m otive power to

gri n d over a n d over agai n t h e w h eat w h i c h y i el ds a coarse ,

”
flo u r. Th e 313 2 g ( S a n ta o m i e n
) o r -
th re e wa y
-
fl o u r i s ,
“ - -
,

c o n sid ered th e fi n est q u al ity w h i c h t h e C h i n ese c a n m ake w i t h

th ei r r u de m i l ls A t prese n t several flouri ng m i lls a fter th e

.
,
 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDOM .
445

f orei g n pa tt er n h av e bee n establ ish ed i n C h i na a nd t h e flo u r ,

fro m th ese togeth e r w i t h t h at i m porte d fro m abroad i s

, ,

rapid ly tak i n g th e pl a c e o f th e ol d sty le fl o u r A si d e fro m t h e .

n u tri ti o u s properti es of t h i s art i c l e a raw p aste i s u sed i n fevers ,

a n d s u nstrok e a n d i s a lso u sed as a po u l tice i n ecc h y m oses

, ,

a n d i n ter n al ly i n ep i stax is a n d h e m optys i s A variety o f oth er .

d i ffi c u l t i es are also treated w i th flo u r o r i ts paste b u t a re o f n o ,

spe c i a l i n terest si n c e th e v i rt u es as c r i bed are m ostl y i mag i nary

, .

B RE A D —qi : gr ( C h eng pi n g ) fig BE ( Ma n to n) awa

s -
,
-
,

( M i e n p ao)
-
5g fig ( M o
,
m o ) M u c h m ore a ppears to be k n ow n
-
.

o f Tra n s h i m al ay a n c usto m s a n d m a n n ers by th e Ch i n ese th a n

-

m ost perso n s s u p pose as m a n y h ab its k n o w n to o r p rac t i c ed by

, ,

th e m i n for m er t i m es i n co m m o n w i t h I n d o arya n or T ura n ia n

, ,
-

ra c es h ave d ropped o u t o f u s e a n d m e m ory

,
M a n y w ords .

h ave bee n coi n ed by t h ose to o w ill i n g fo r t h e task w h o m i g h t ,

h ave sear c h ed a n d fo u nd o u t th a t th e C h i nese l a ng ua ge a t least

k n e w o f s u c h th i n gs Th e u s e o f w h ea te n bread is v er y
.

a n c i e n t a n d m u c h m ore ge n eral th a n is s u p posed by m ost

perso ns B read pi ll s are a n o ld re m ed y w i t h C h i n ese d octors
. .

S tal e bread i s l ook ed u po n as very digesti bl e B read is raised .

by m ea n s o f l eave n n at i ve sod a o r pearl ash th e s ma l l l oa v es

, , ,

o r c ak es bei n g stea m ed i n a very si m ple a n d i n ge n i o u s w ay

d es c ri bed i n Loc k har t s M ed i cal M issi o n ary i n C h i na

’ “
.

B read a nd pastry are co ns u m ed as th e s tapl e a rt i cl e o f d ie t i n

H o n a n Sh e nsi ,
Sh a n si a n d S h a n t u n g
,
A ki n d of f a n c y
,
.

bread sh aped l ik e a t o p is m ad e i n T i e n me n hs i e n H upeh

, ,
- -
, .

Th e M oh a m m eda n s are t h e bes t c o n fe c t i o n ers T he C h i n ese d o .

n o t u s e a l u m i n t h e i r bread a n d if m ade fro m th e best q u al i ty ,

o f th ei r n at i v e flo u r i t i s very w h oleso m e

, [ 11 0 7720 i s a H o n a n .
-

n a m e fo r bread S tal e bread i s re c o m m e n ded i n t h e P é /zZs a o

.

i n d i arrh oea c h ro n i c d yse n tery le u c orrh oea m e n orrh ag i a p ro

, , , ,

fuse s weats a n d i n ser i o u s i nj u ries

, B u r n t brea d is m i xed .

w i th o i l a n d a pp l i ed to b u r ns a n d s c alds A re m ark able case .

o f o n e o f th e S u n g m o n archs i n h is i n fa n c y h av i n g bee n , ,

c u red o f i n co n t i n e n c e o f u r i n e by th e u s e o f stal e bread garl i c , ,

a n d bea n s is q u oted i n the P é /ztm o w i t h approbat i o n

, .

WH E A T EN S T A R C H ( M ie n f en
) . U n der th i s n a m e -
.

ofte n i m properl y appl i ed to th e fl o ur o f w h eat t h e P é n ,

zm o
‘

gi ves th e starch prep ared fro m bra n o r fl o ur by was h i n g

4 46 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M E D I C A .

a nd separati o n It i s m u c h u sed t o s ti ff e n c loth es M ed i ci nal l y

. .
,

i t i s c ooked a n d used i n dyse n tery or par c h ed a n d m ad e i n to ,

a po u l ti c e wi th vi n ega r t o be a ppl i ed to al l sorts o f swe ll i n gs

W H E A T G L U T EN —§ flj 3593 ( M ie n ch i n) Th is is pre pare d
.

.
-
.

by w ash i n g o ut th e starch a n d w h e n a s m al l q u a n ti ty is ,

w a n ted fo r catch i n g bi rds i t i s o n l y n ecessary to m asticate

,

th e w h eat u n ti l n oth i n g else is l e ft I t i s u sed as a n u tri ti o us .

ar ti cl e o f d iet a nd is als o co n s i dered to be a n ti febrile

WH E A T D EX T RI N E —fi fif ( M a i
, .

Th i s is prepared
by stea m i n g d ry i ng a n d po wder i n g th e w h eat
, I t i s c o ns i d .

ered to be n u tri tio us a n t i febr i l e a n d q u i et i n g

,
Th e y o u n g , .

s pro u ts of w h eat are co n s i dered to be a nt i v i no us co nstr u c t i ve , ,

a nd a n t i bil io us A grow th u po n th e w h eat ears ev ide n tl y

.
,

parasi ti c i n i ts n a t u re is cal led 25 i ll ( M ai nu),

For t h i s see -
.

th e arti c l e o n E rg ot T h e stra w o f w h eat i s b u r ned to a n as h

.
,

a nd u sed as a ca ustic a ppl icat i o n o n u n h eal th y gra n u lati o n s .

TR O PZE OL U M M AJ U S 15 YE ( C h i n l i e n h ua )
. T h e - -
.

K un c/zién f a n d es cr i bes f u l ly t h i s fl ower gi vi n g as i ts

'

g p u
- - -
,

n at u ral h abi ta t W u taish a n i n Sh a n si t is n ot m e n t io n ed .

i n t h e P é n t s a o b ut th e fi rst tw o ch arac t ers o f t h e n a m e are

‘

o n L zf m za n t/ zem zm z n m fzozd es
' '

g i v e n u n d er th e articl e y p .

TULI P A G RA M I N I F O LI A .
—Llj i ? £5 ( Sh a n
v,
-
tz u - k ii ) ,
‘

' '

See Or zzlzy za ed u l zs
'

6 53
‘
. .

2S ( K a t g ) 6 ‘
TU S S I L AG O F AR F A RA u n u n 50 .
-
,
.

Th i s is t h e co m m o n COILéf OOt u sed i n pop u lar m ed i c i n e i n

’

w es ter n co un tries a nd th e fl ow eri n g scapes wi th th e p urpl ish

, ,

bracts a n d u n ope n ed florets are u sed i n C h i n ese m edic i n e ,

.

T w o v a ri e te s are m e t w i th i n C h i n a a nd K orea o ne h av i n g a ,

l arge fl ower A n u m ber o f n a m es are g i ve n for th e pl a n t

. ,

m
'

mpf
’

To w h i h is f g k
am o ng w h i c h i s i g (
r w u ) c F a r zz z
-z z a z e r
,
z

wh ic h see So m e of th e n a m es gi ve n refer t o th e earl y

( ) .

fl oweri n g o f t h is pl a n t a nd i ts resista n ce t o col d a n d frost .

Th e pri n ci pa l m ed ici n al q u al i ties attri b u ted to th e dr ug are

th ose o f a n ex pectora n t i n a popl exy ph th i s is co u gh s a n d , , ,

asth m a a n d as a de m u l ce n t i n fe vers
,
E y es are bath ed w i th .

a de c octi o n o f th e flowers i n h ot wate r Th e flowers are also .

s m oked i n th e treat m e n t o f c h ro ni c co u gh i n m u c h th e sa m e
448 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

U .

U L M U S C A M P E ST R IS — m( Y u ) T h i s is Ul m u s s zn
’

. .

A lso c al l ed 12 15 11 ( Li n g yu ) a n d t h e w h i te var i e t y i s
’

e n s zs -
,
.

c all ed M } ( F en
) L i S h i h C h en say s th a t th ere a re v e r v m a n y
-
.

v ar i eties o f e l m Th e i n n er bark 1 554 i s u sed i n m ed i c i n e

.
, , ,

a n d fo r t h is p u rp ose i s d r i e d a n d g ro u nd u p i n to a m eal Th i s .

m eal i s u sed fo r a v ar i et y o f oth er p u rpo s es a m o n g wh i c h i s ,

t h e m a n u fact u re o f i n c e n se st i c ks A k i n d o f paste was .

for merl y mad e o f i t a n d i n t i m es o f grea t s c ar c i ty th e gro u n d

,

bark th e l ea v es a n d th e m e m bra n o us fr u i t are al l u sed as food

, ,
.

D e mul c e n t l e n it i ve d i u reti c a n d a n t i fe br i le properties are

, ,

a ttrib uted to i t I t is a ppl i ed w i t h o i l a n d v i n ega r t o v a r i o us

.

parasit i c a n d porri gi n o us e r upti o ns Po u l t i c es are m ad e o f i t .

al so i n c ak ed breast a bs c esses a n d s wel l i ngs , A d va n tages ,

.

a re tak e n o f i ts de m u l c e n t pro perties i n d iarrh oe a s bl a dder ,

d i ffi c u l ties a n d go n orrh oea

,
Th e l eaves o f t h e e l m are u sed .

i n t h e gree n s tate as a sort of pot h er b a n d are s u pposed to be -

a n til i th ic a n d co u n ter po iso n o us A d e c o c ti o n i s u sed as a n

-
.

appl i c atio n to w i n e n ose a n d also i n th e treat m e n t o f b i l i o u s

,

d i ffi c u l ties T he fl owers are u sed i n th e n ervo us a ff e c ti o ns o f

.

c h i ld re n a nd th eir fevers T h e ker n els o f th e seed s are m ad e

.

i n to a porridge a nd eate n a n d are sai d to pro m o te sleep to , ,

c o n tro l m e nstr ual d i s c h a rges a nd to be a n th el m i n t i c An , .

o th er k i nd o f bark is fo u n d i n th e C usto m s Lis ts u n der th e

n a m e o f i f if il fig (
l H sia n g y ii 430 A fu n g u s gro wi ng o n
-
.

t h e e l m tree a n d cal led ifil HI ( Y u erh ) i s g i ve n i n th e C us

,
-
,

to m s L i sts as ifift g ( Y ii m o) 1 553 Th e la s t c h ara c ter is n o t

-
, .

f o u n d i n a n y o f t he d i ct io nari es a n d th e e n try m ust re fer to ,

a n e x id i a c e o u s grow th referred t o i n t h e art i c le o n F u ng i .

I f so i t i s a n ed i ble fu n g u s a nd h as n o spe c ial m ed i c al

, ,

p roperties .

U L M US M A C R OC A R P A —fi 33 ( Vvn i ) Th e n a m e r -
.

of t h e tree is m w h i c h h as bee n by so m e observers m i s

ta ke n for L i zza e r a Li S h ih C h en says th at th e re a re t wo

’
.
-

var i et i es b ut see ms to c o nfo u n d o n e w i th th e fr u i t o f th e c o m

,

mo n e lm T h e fr u i t o f th is spe c ies is u sed i n m ed i ci n e a nd

.
,
 VEGE T AB L E K I NGDOM .
449

h as a fe t id odor F or th is reaso n i t is so me t i m es called i fi

.

s fo u n d m e n ti o n ed i n th e H a n k ow List o f
Ch o w i ) w h ic h i
‘
( u u
- -
,

M ed ici nes ( p a nd is described as

. a s mal l le n ti l s h aped seed “ -
,

of a very d isa greeabl e a nd stro ng odor T h e fles h o f th e berry .

”
ge neral ly ad h eres to th e seed Th e C us t o m s Lis t s cal l th e .

”
a m ed ici ne cake
’

PV u z 1 4 57
-
, , th e charac t ers used bei ng t h e
“
,

sa m e as appear a t th e h ead o f t h is article a nd also i fi th e ,

”
n a m e of t h e B oh ea h i l ls i n F uk ie n T he m ed i c i n al prop
“
.

e r t i e s attri b u ted t o th ese see ds are a n ti febril e a n th el m i nt i c , ,

d igesti ve co u n ter po iso n o us a nd proph y lactic

,
-
T h e y are also ,
.

u sed exter nal l y i n parasi ti c sk i n d i seases .

UL M U S P A RV I F O LI A — $Ell Fi t ( La ng .
-
y u ) . T h e si m i
o f th is tree to Ul m u s ca mpes tr zs is n oted
'

l a ri t y . T h e bark is
m u cila gi n o u s a nd t h e fr u i ts r i pe n i n th e a u t u m n
,
. Th e bark
is u sed as a n a n ti febri le a nti l i t h i c d i ure tic so pori fi c , , , ,
a nd

q uie ti ng re m ed y .

ULMUS KEAKI .
fin ( C h u -
l i u) . See P ter oca ry a
s ten o p t era .

U M B I LI CU S FI M B R I A T U S C0ty l ed 0 7z fi mbm a l a — flfg

’

.
,

g 6? (
7
fi Tso ye h h o fl $3} (
2 W a s ung )
-
[3]
-
35 fi ( H sia ng -
,

t ie n
‘
Th is gro ws u po n ol d ti le roo fs to t h e h eigh t to
a foot or m ore a n d a t a l i ttl e d ista nce l ooks li k e a pi n e
,

b ra n c h ; h e n ce o ne o f th e C h i nese n a mes Th e pl a n t is .

d r ied i n t he s u n for m ed i c al u se I t is used as a sty p tic i n .

d yse n tery as a n o i n t m e n t i n fa l l i n g o ut o f t h e ey e brows

,
-
,

as a sti m u la n t i n s u ppressed m e nstr u ati o n i n gravel a nd i n , ,

d og bi te .

U M B ILICU S M A L A C O P H YLL U S Coty lea on m a la co ’

m
,

um —ta a ( Wu y a ) a a < Wa i) a a ( Wa va i) a a -
.
-
.
-
,

m
.

( W a hs ie n )
-
lfi 5 ( P o hsie h
)
, T h is is si m i lar to t h e l ast b-
u t .
,

does n o t gro w so tal l I ts m ed i c al uses are also si mi lar b ut .

,

i t is m ore parti c u l arly u sed as a n a n ti febr i le a nd q u ie t i ng

re med y A decocti o n to w h ic h sal t is add ed is u sed i n fever
.
, ,

sores of th e m o u th gu m boils a n d noseb l eed I t is also recom

, ,
.

m e nded i n d og b ite .
4 50 C H I N E S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

U N C AR I A R H Y N C H O P H Y LL A — fi] g ( K on
m
I t i s also cal led ( Tiao o n a c c o u n t o f i ts h ooked
’

th or ns . I t is co m m o n i n t h e m o u n ta i n s o f H u na n H u peh , ,

a nd K ia n gsi a n d i t is a c l i m ber
,
varyi n g i n le n gth fro m e igh t
,

to twe n ty feet h ol lo w a nd abo u t t h e t h i ck n ess o f a fi nger

, , .

I t is sai d th at t h ie ves u s e th i s h ol l ow ste m w i th w h i c h t o

S y ph o n o u t spir i ts fro m w i n e
j ars w i th o u t h av i n g ap peared to
h ave d i s t u rbed th e l atter I t i s t h e N a zwl ea S i n en s i s a nd h as
.
,

bee n i de n t i fi ed by Tatar i n ov as th e Uzzm r za g n m bzr

’

Th is
’

i de n ti fi cat io n is so mew h at do u bt fu l Th e task se t for h i msel f .

by H a n b u ry o f i de n t i fy i n g t h e vari o u s ga m bi r a n d cate c h u
,

ex tracts w i t h t heir res pec t i ve pla n ts h as n o t so far as w e are ,

able to fi nd ye t bee n acco m pl ish ed N o m e n t i o n is m ad e i n

,
.

th e P é/zts a o art i c l e o f a n y extract fro m th is pla n t W he th er .

i t is th at t h e Ch i n ese hav e n o t recog n i zed th e ide n ti ty o f th e

p la n t w i th th a t o f th e I nd ia n A r c h i pelago fro m w h i c h pal e ,

catech u is d er i ved or wh eth er i t is real ly n o t t he sa m e pla n t

, ,

h as n o t bee n deter m i n ed Th e d r u g is fo un d i n C h i n a u nd er
.

t h e n a m e o f I}; 5 11
1 ( H a i érh
,
or
5 35 (
-
f
i g W u t i eh u i
) - -
,

bei ng co n fo u nded w i th th e p rod u ct fro m A ca ci a ca tech u ( wh ich

arti c le see) S h ort p ie c es o f th e sh r u b co n st i t u te th e for m i n
.

w h i c h t h e d r u g i s fo u nd i n C h i n ese c o m e rc e 6 1 2 E a c h p i ece ,
.

i s o f a dark o r red d i sh brow n color a n d c o n tai n s a n od e fro m

,
-
,

o n e h al f a n i n ch to o n e i n ch i n l e n gth w i t h t wo sh arp s ti ff ,

r ec u r v e n t stip u les These spi n es are so m eti m es fo u n d i n

.

c o m m erce as represe n ti n g th e for m o f th e d r ug e m ployed .

T h e dr ug is used i n i n fa n ti le fevers a n d th e n ervo us d i sorders

of ch ildre n I n ad u l t s di zz i n ess m otes i n v is i o n a nd bi l io us
.
, , ,

disorders are trea ted w i t h i t A ti n ct u re is m ade o f th e n odes

.

of th i s pla n t w h i c h see ms to h av e th e propert i es of t i n c t u re o f

,

cate c h u A n oth er pla n t i s spoke n o f i n th e sa m e ar ti c le i n th e

.

P é fl tm o cal led ff lj fit if? ( Tao k u a There i s n o d es c r i p

-

t io n o f th e pla n t ex c ept t ha t i t grows d ee p w i th i n th e m o untai n

,

valleys h as l o n g poi n ted leaves a n d re c u r ved S pi n es by w h ic h

, ,

i t h a n gs to th e bra nc hes o f th e trees It is reco m m e nded as an .

astri nge n t i n al l post par t um di ffi c u l ties-

.

G A M B I R o r P a l e Ca tec/ zzi o f c o m m erce W h i le i t i s n o t .

'

certa i n th at th e pla n t u n der co nsiderat i o n is real l y Un ca r za

a m é zr
’

g a n a c co u n t o f th e m a n u fact u re o f th i s s u bsta n ce a nd
,
 4 52 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

V .

V A LLI S N E R I A
S PI RA LI S jéj ( K u T h is .
‘

t ap e g r a s s o r e el g r a s s grows to th e l e n gth of t wo o r th ree

-
,
-
,

feet i n po nds a n d m arsh es Th ere is n o farth er descr ipti o n of .

t h e pla n t It is prescr i bed i n decoc t i o n i n l e u corrhoea a n d is

.
,

u sed togeth er w i th ses am u m t o i n crease th e appeti te i n w h ic h

,

c ase i t is m ad e i nto a tea or t h e dry dr ugs are mastica t ed ,

t o geth er .

V E RA T R U M E ( Li l n) ; also cal led I“ g ( S h a n

.
-

”
ts un g ) m o u n tai n o n io n
‘
,
“
T h is ter m also i n cl u des Ve r a tr u m .

a l bu m a nd Ver a t r u m f zzgr zcm I t grows i n n orth c e n tr a l .

-

C h i na T h e descri pti o n i n t h e P é f zzs a o agrees w ith t h is

.

ide n ti fi cat i o n T h e n a m e i n C h i n ese re fers t o th e black c ol or

.

of th e root stock as d oes th e w ord V e r a tr zm z vere a tru m

(g ) (
- -
, ,

tr u l y black ) A s fo u n d i n the m ark et th e d r ug co nsi sts of the

.
,

root stock ter m i n ated w i th th e rad i ca ls a nd e m bra c ed b y a

-
,

b u ndl e of h a i ry coi r li k e fi bers Th e C h i nese rec og n ize i ts

,
-
.

p oiso n o us properti es a n d co nsi der i t to h ave errh i ne e me ti c

, , ,

expect ora nt e v ac ua n t a nd a n th el m i n ti c e ff ects

,
I t i s gi ve n
,
.

i n apoplexy as a ro usi n g e m eti c a n d is used as a n oi n t m e n t ,

f or i t ch a nd other parasi ti c sk i n diseases I t i s also u sed i n sk i n .

d iseases of th e h orse A s a n appe n d ix to th is arti cle i n t h e .

P én ts a o th ere are gi v e n three oth er pla n ts as rese m bl i n g i n so m e

‘

, ,

respects Ver a tr u m One is [1] fir E ( Sh a n tz u sh i h ) w h ic h

‘
- -
,
.
,

It is used i n me nstr ua l
’
’
'

by Faber is ide nti fi ed as Tzcl zp a ca a l zs .

di ffi c ul ties Th e seco n d i s Q i fl ( S h é n k uo k é n) w h ic h is

.
- -
,

u sed i n corrod i n g u lcers Th e t h i rd i s cal led 5 g lfi ( M a .

ch a n g ken) w h i ch is used i n th e [ ( u d isease th e F é ag

‘ -
, ,

disease a nd i n scabi o us u lcers

,
.

V E RB E N A O FFICI NA LI S at; $2 ( M a pie n .

-

80 7 Th is is a co m m o n pl a n t i n l o w gro u n ds h avi n g a sq uare

.
,

ste m opposi te leaves a n d beari ng i n a u t u m n s mal l p urple

, ,

fl o wers i n spikes A n oth er n a m e r i t i s fi g 2 E: ( L u n g ya

f o :
.
-

ts ao )
‘
Th e pl a n t is ofte n co n fo u nded w i t h L eon u r u s o n
.

acco u n t of i ts sq uare s t e m a nd oth er si m i lar c h aracteristi c s .

 VEGE T AB L E K I NGDOM .
4 53

T h e s t al k a nd l ea v es are th o ugh t to ac t on th e bl ood reliev i n g ,

co n gestio n obstr u ctio ns dropsi ca l e ffu si o ns a n d h e m atoceles

, , , ,

a n d i s a lso ac c red ited w i th e m m e n agog u e a n th e l m i n tic a n d , ,

a n tiscorb uti c properties It is ad m i n i stere d i n m al a rial d i ffi

.

c u l t i es Th e root i s co nsidered astri n ge n t a nd i s e m pl oy ed i n

.
,

dyse n ter y .

V I B U RN U M D IL A T A TU M .
( C h ia m i ) ; also
-
cal led
g 5 5 ( H s i -
mi ) T h e l eaves are l i k e to th ose o f H i bi s cu s sy r i a cu s
.
,

a n d t h e fr u i ts rese m bl e t h ose o f D eu tz i a g r a ci l i s red I n c o l or ,

a nd s wee t i n taste T h e tree grows i n m o u n tai n val leys

. Th e .

fi ber of t h e i n ter nal bark is u sed i n m ak i n g ropes Th e t w igs .

a n d l eaves are u sed i n m aki ng m edi c i n e a nd are co n side re d ,

a n thel m i n t i c a nd correc ti v e A d eco c ti o n is used as a w as h . .

to m aggoty sores destroy i n g t h e m ag gots a n d acti n g as a n

, ,

astri n ge n t a n d s ti mu l a n t to th e sore .

V I B U R N U M O P U LU S £3; Th is . 2
( H s ueh -

s now ball pla n t is m e n ti o ned i n th e [ ( u a ng c/

” zii n a n
j gp a b u t -
,

i s n o t used m ed i c i n al ly I t i s k n ow n i n E u rope as th e Gal a er

.
’

r ose ,
b u t i n C h i n a i t is co n fo u nded w ith t he H y d r a ng ea ,

w h i ch is cal led if? fl $36 ( Ya n g h si u a n d w h i c h also i s -

n o t used m ed ic i n al ly Th is c o n f o u n di n g is l iable t o l ead t o

.

d isastro u s res ul ts s i n ce th e lea v es of th e latter are so m e ti m e s

,

u sed for tea w h ile t h e l eaves o f Vi bu r n u m are said t o be

,

e metic a n d drastic .

V IC I A F A B A E ( Ts a n t o u) .
—g
Th is is t h e bVi a a s or ‘ -
.
’

bea n or h or s e bea rz o f E ngl a n d

,
E q u al l y w i th P i s mrc s a Zi Z/m rz
,
.
,

i t i s cal led 155 E ( H u to u) beca u se i t co m es fro m a broad -

, .

Th is bea n i s exte nsi vel y c u l t ivated es peci al ly t h r o ugh o u t th e ,

so u t h a n d w est o f C h i n a Th e te nder sh oots are eate n as a .

pot h erb
-
T h e descri ptio n give n i n th e P erzts a o i s qu i te good
.
.

Th e bea ns are s u pposed t o be n e fi t al l th e v iscera Th e sh oots .

,

boil ed i n oi l a nd sal t are sa i d to be v ery e ffi caci o u s i n aro usi ng

,

a dr u n k ard fro m h is st upor .

V IC I A G I GA N T E A —A t P ek i ng t h e c h arac ter ( W ei
).

i s appl ied t o t h is a nd i n t h e P én ts a o t h e d escri pti o n u nd er

,

t h is ti tle see ms i n m ost c ases t o i n d icate a l eg um i n o us pla nt

, , ,
4 54 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED IC A .

a nd th ere i s gi ve n as a n al ter na ti ve ter m £5 {15 5 E ( Yel l w a n

7 » -

t o u ) w h i c h i n j a pa n i s L a t/
,
l r i cs m a ri t i m u s
y B u t l Ve i a l so .
f

refers t o a fer n a n d b oth i n C h i n a a nd Japa n th e ter m i s so

,

u sed I t is i m possi bl e t h ere fore t o d i st i n g u ish th e m ed i c a l

.
, ,

u ses o f t h is fro m th ose o f Os m zm a a r eg a l i s w h i c h are t h e ’

,

sa m e as t h ose o f P ter i s a gzi i l i zza ( w h i c h art i cles see) .

V IC I A H I R SUT A —§fi 1g ( C h iao yao ) 1g E ( Ya o .

‘ -
,

o hi ch ao
( H s i ao T h e fi n e l eaves o f t h is p u rple pla n t
-
‘

c a n be eate n I t grows c o m m o n l y every w here b u t i s c ul t i vated

.
,

i n Szech ua n I ts l eaves are l i ke n ed to th ose of S ofi /

. za r a

j p
a o n i ca Th e bea n
. s are s m al l a n d th e pods rese m bl e th ose o f ,

peas . Th ei r m ed i c i n al acti o n is co n s i dered t o be be n e fi c i a l t o

th e bl ood stre ngthe n i n g to t h e fl esh a nd th ey c a n be eate n a
, ,

l o ng ti me w i th o u t o n e s los i n g a taste f o r th e m ’
Th ey are .

reco m m e nd ed i n ch ro n i c m al ari al d i ffi c u l ties .

—
VIN CE TO XIC U M A T RA TU M fiQfi ( Pa i wei ) 9 6 9 .
-
,
.

T h is is a c o m m o n p la n t i n ce n tral a n d north C h i n a I t h as .

l eaves rese m bl i n g w i ll o w leaves red fl owers a n d a ye ll ow i sh , ,

w h i te root T h e root is used i n m ed i c i n e as a n a n ti fe bril e

.

re m ed y i n malarial f evers a nd i n all fe v ers at te nd ed by ,

d el i ri u m wh i c h i t is th o ugh t to q u i et
,
I t i s also d i u re tic a nd .
,

is used i n d iseases o f t h e u ri nary or ga ns especial l y i n co nt i n e n ce ,

o f u ri ne .

V I N C E T O X I CU M PU R PU RA SC E N S —é1 fifj ( Pai .

‘

C h ie n ) 9 3 9 Th is grows freely i n ce n tral Ch i n a to th e h e i gh t

‘
.

m
,

o f a foot o r m ore A n oth er n a m e fo r i t is [ 292 ( S o u ya o)

. .
-
,
”
“
c o u gh m ed i ci n e re ferri n g t o i ts c h ie f m ed i c i na l u se It i s
,
.

reco m m e nded i n al l for m s o f bro n ch i a l a n d l u n g t ro u bl es a n d ,

espec ial l y i n ch ro ni c c o ug h w i th bl ood y ex pec torat i o n .

V I N E G AR — igg O th er na m es for th is are Eff; ( Tso)

.
=
,

fl ( H s i ) a nd ifi
, ( K u c h i u ) V i n egar i s m ad e i n C h i
‘
n a -
.

fro m r i c e w h eat l ea v e n c h a ff m u st fer m e n ted s wee t m ea ts

, , , , , ,

pea c hes g rapes dates ch erries a n d vari o us oth er fr u i ts

, , ,
O ld ,
.

r i c e v i n egar i s t he k i n d m os t h i gh l y val u ed i n m ed i c i n e b u t ,

othe r k i n ds are a lso used Li Sh i h C h en gi ves a n a c co u n t of .

-
4 56 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

i nc l uded i n t he t h i rd a nd fo urt h T h ese e pi p h yt i C pla nt s .

are fo u nd gro wi ng u po n th e fi r popl ar o a k e l m w i llo w , , , , ,

peach m u l berry l i q u i da mber P tero c ary a ste n op tera a nd other

, , , ,

trees . S o me o f t h e a u t h orities i n t h e P é i zts a o say th at i t i s

t h e sa m e pla n t o n l y d i ff eri n g i n i ts root accord i n g to t he tree
,

u po n w h i c h t h e pl a n t l ives B u t i t is m ore t h a n probable

.

th a t m ore th a n o ne ge rm s is represe n ted by t h ese m a n y variet i es

o f ep i ph y tes A c c ord i n g to H e nry L or a n /lza s y a d or i b i is fo u n d
.
,

i n H u peh a nd t he J apa nese fi n d L or a n l /

,
zzcs
( Vi s cu m
) b e m fif e ri

i n Japa n o n L a r i x A bi e s a n d so m e S pe c i es o f p i ne
, ,
W h atever .

des c r i ptio n o f th e t wo pla n ts i s g ive n i n th e P é n ts a o togeth e r ,

w i t h t h ei r m ed ic i n al u ses w i l l be f o u nd u nder t h e art icl e o n

,

L or a n tb zcs .

V IT E X C A N N A B IF O LI A —£H ; if“ ( M u ch i n g ) Th is .
-
.

i ncl udes also Vi tex rzeg zc n a o w h ic h is c all ed fi iii] ( H ua ng

’ " ‘

ch i ng) . The c l assi c al n a m e f or th e pl a n t i s Q The

c h ara c ter Cb i ng was th e n a m e o f o ne of t he n i ne pro v i nces
i n to w h i ch th e e m pire was d iv ided u n der t h e G reat V ii Cb u .
‘

also was th e n a m e o f a s tate wh i c h occ u p ied th e sa m e terri tory

as t h e prov i n ce o f C h i n g Wh at re fere n ce t h ese ch aracters
.

m a y h ave to th e n a m e o f th i s pl a n t i f a n y i s n o t c l ear At , , .

3
Pek i n g th e Vi tex i n ci s a w h ic h is th ere ca ll ed 3h] 3 ( C h i n g tz fi ) -
,

or m fig( C h i n g i s a very co m m o n sh r u b I t is also u sed .

for fu el a n d for m ak i n g c h ar c oal I n th e m o un tai n s w h ere i t is .

al l owed to gro w f o r several y ears i t beco m es q uite a tree ,

al th o ugh ord i naril y th e tree d oes no t a t ta i n to v ery l ar ge size .

Th e fl owers are prod u ced i n t he axi ls o f t h e lea ves a nd th e ,

fr ui t is a bo u t th e s i ze o f c oria nd e r T h ey are used i n .

rh e u m a t i c d i ffi c u l t i es co u gh s col d s a n gi n a le ucorrh oea

, , , , ,

h er n i a dea fn ess a nd go norrh oea

, ,
T h e lea ves are used as a n.

astr i n ge n t a nd seda tive i n C h olera gra v el a nd m oist e c ze m as , ,

o f th e l ower ex tre m it ies Th e root is e m pl oyed i n col ds a nd

.

rhe u ma t i c d i ff i c u l ti es ; t h e t w i gs i n dec oct i o n as a dressi n g , ,

i n b u r ns a n d scald s A n i n fu si o n cal led if“ (E ( C h i ng l i )

.
,
-
,

i s m ade o f th e tw i gs O f th e pl a nt a n d i s co n s i d ered t o be a ,

V ery e ffi cac i o us re m ed y i n a l l fo r ms o f h ead ach e d i zz i n ess , ,

c o n v u ls i o ns o f c h i ld re n co u gh s a nd m e n ta l u nres t a nd a t
, , ,

t he sa me ti m e i t i s said to pro m ote wake ful ness .

 VEGE T AB L E K I NGDOM .
4 57

V IT E X T R I F O LI A . T his E] ( Ma n ch i ng) , 8 1 9
l - .

Th e d escriptio n i n t h e P efzzs a o
‘

i s th e sa m e as Vi tex i n ci s a .
‘

agrees fairl y wel l w i th t h is ide n t ifi c at i o n Th e bra nc h es are .

sle n der a nd w eak so me wh a t rese m bl i n g a v i ne ; h e n ce t h e

,

C h i n ese n a m e It i s fo u n d pl e n ti fu l l y i n n orth C h i n a
.
Th e .

berries are t h e part u sed i n m ed i c i n e a n d as th ey appear i n ,

d r ug s h ops are glob ul ar black n uc um e n tace o us abo u t t wo or

, , ,

t h ree l i n es i n d ia mete r a n d u s u al ly covered w i th t h e re m ai ns

,

o f th e cal yx ,
or m i xed wi t h th e d r i ed leaves o f t he pl a n t Th e .

i n teri or i s w h i te l ig n eo u s a n d m ade of fo u r carpel s i n a state

, ,

o f ad hesio n Th e y h ave l i ttl e taste or s m el l a nd m ust be

. ,

n earl y i n ert The y are pres c ri bed i n h eadach e catarrh a n d

. , ,

w atery eyes a nd are said to pro m ote t h e grow t h o f th e beard

, ,

t h a t great desiderat um o f th e m id dle l i fe o f every C h i nese m a n .

C a n cer o f breast is also treated w i t h i t .

V ITI S B R Y ON I /E F OL I A a ( Yi n g y u ) Th i s is .
-
.

also cal led LU a? ( S h a t ao ) d 3? ( Yeh p u

”
‘ ‘ “
‘
n p u a n g
- - -

t ao)
‘
. I t i s th e w i ld grape w h ic h i s fo u n d grow i n g i n th e
,

Pek i n g m o u n tai ns beari n g s mal l ed i bl e black fr ui ts

,
Vi ti s , ,
.

Za br u s ca i s also represe n ted by th is ti tl e T he fr ui ts are c o n .

s id e red cool i n g a nd be n e fi cial to th e co m plex io n a nd breath .

Th e v i n e is th o ugh t to be d i ure tic a nd i s u sed i n ty ph oid w i th ,

a V ie w t o c heck i n g n a usea Th e root is reco m m e n d ed i n

.

ra v e l a n d pai n i n t h e l ower abd o m e n especial l y i n w o m e n

g , .

V ITI S C ORN IC U L A T A g ( T z fi ko
) Th is g rows
.
-
.

i n m o u ntai n v al leys th e v i n e bei n g m ore th a n te n f eet lo n g

, ,

t h e r oot p u rple i n col or a nd t w o or th ree i n ch es i n dia m eter .

Th e bark of t h e root w h i c h i s t h e part used i n m ed ici n e is

, ,

e mpl oy ed i n a n aceto us decoc tio n i n c a n cero us a nd oth er s wel l

i n gs a nd is co nsidere d el i mi na n t I t is also used a fter l abor fo r
, .

rel ie v i ng t h irst a nd as a n appl ica tio n i n a l l sorts o f w o u nds

,
.

V ITI S FL E X U O S A — =F g g ( C h ie n s u i lei ) . Th is ‘ - -
.

"
i s al so c al led 75 g E? ( C h a n g c h u n
5 a n d h as a vi n e
‘ -
‘

rese m bl i n g th e grape v i n e y ie ld i n g i n th e fo u rth m o n th a

-
,

w h i te sap sweet i n taste a nd i n th e ei gh th m o n t h beari n g

, ,

fr u i ts w h i c h are gree n ish bl ac k w i t h a t i n ge of red

- Th ese .

fr ui ts are u sed med ici n al ly a nd are s upposed to be s tre ngth e n

,
4 58 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

i ng a nd c o nstr ucti ve Th e sap o f t h e V i n e is o n e o f th e

.

m a n y d r u gs s u pposed to r estore yo u th a n d bl a c k ha i r Th e .

root i s c o n s i dered w ar m i n g t o the s i n ews .

V ITI S I N C ON S TA N S 3 E ? ( C h an
g c h u n t e n g)
.
‘
~
‘ -
.

It i s also c al led fa g fifi E? i ; (L u n g l i n p i l i ) drago n s c ale

f - - - “
,

”
fig . Th i s i s a c reeper u po n b u sh es a n d trees beari ng a ,

ro u n d berry o f a pear l c ol or Th e st al k a n d l eaves are b i t ter

.

a n d th e f r u i t is s weet A l l are u sed i n m ed i c i n e as a t o n i c

.

a n d c o nstr u c t i ve re m ed y a n d i n th e treat m e n t o f i n fla m m a
,

tory s wel l i n gs A de c octio n o f th e fr u i t is re c o m m e n ded i n

.

obsti n ate ep i s tax is .

V ITI S P E N T A P H Y LL A He m m e r) On
.
-
.

a c co u n t o f i ts fi v e p oi n ted l ea f i t i s also c o mm o n l y cal led fl J R

”
fig ( W u ch ao l u n g )
- -
fi ve c la wed
,
“
d rago n Th is grows i n .

h edges as a v i n e h as a gree n ish wh i te fl o wer a n a n gled st a l k

, , ,

a n d bears fr u i ts so m ew h at rese m bl i n g th e berries o f S o l a i zzm z

mgr a m . Th e r oot i s m u c ilag i n o u s a n d i s th e pa rt u sed i n ,

m ed i c i n e I t h as special rep u tat i o n i n th e trea t m e n t o f c a n

.

cero us sores boils i n sec t bites a nd al l sorts of i n fl a m m atory

, , ,

sw el l i ngs I t i s also d i ure ti c a n d i s used i n th e treat m e n t o f

.
,

h e m orrh a ge fro m th e bl adder .

V ITI S S E RI A N ZE F OL IA —éj ( Pai l ie n) 9 54 O th

. er -
,
.

n a mes for i t are E ; ( Pai ké n ) a nd

]
a? 53
5
9 p (
-
M a o erh 1 ua n
) ,
- -
.

I t is a co m m o n pla n t i n m i d C h i n a h av i n g a t u bero u s root -

,

w it h redd i sh bl ac k sk i n w h i te flesh a nd col lected togeth er i n a

, ,

m ass l i ke a n est o f d uc k s eggs T h e m ed i c i n al vi rt u es of th e

’
.

d i ff ere n t parts o f th e pl a n t are th e sa m e b ut t h e root i s th e par t ,

co m m o n ly e m pl oyed i n m ed ici n e I t is u sed i n i n fla mm atory .

swell i n gs o f al l k i nds bei n g c o nsi dered a n ody n e a n d cool i n g

, .

I t i s a l so reco m m e n ded i n th e nervo us d is ord ers o f c h i ldre n ,

a g u e swel l i n g o f th e ge n i tals i n wo me n a n d m e n orrhag ia

, , .

V ITI S V I N I F E RA . A s th i s n a me i s( P ‘
u

also w r i tte n 755M be g d ff ere t h aracters f th e

3 ( P i i
‘
u n n c o

sa m e so u nd i t is e n tirel y prob a bl e th a t t h ese represe n t so m e

,

fore i g n n a m e I n d eed i t i s sa i d i n t h e h i story o f th e H a n

.

dy n asty t hat t h e fa m o u s ge neral C h a n g C h i e n i n trod uced th e m

 46 0 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

W .

WA H L E N B E RG I A MA R G I N A T A .
143 { Q ( H si

y eh s h a sh en)
-
See A d en ofi /
zem-
. .

WIC K S TRCE M IA C H A M ZE DA P H N E .
75 ( Y ua n

h ua ) . See B p /me g e n /wat

a
s
.

W I C K S T R CE Y MIA JAPONICA
E ( Jao h ua ) .
-
.

T h ere i s n ot m u c h d escri pti o n of th is pla n t a nd w h at th e re is ,

is so m e wh at c o n fl icti n g T h ere see m to be t wo k i nds o n e .

,

w i t h w h i te a nd th e oth er w i th yel low fl owers I t is regarded .

as poiso n o us a nd i s u sed m ed i ci nal ly i n t y ph oi d fever ag u e

, , ,

co u ghs a nd i t s acti o n is regarded as d i ureti c

,
.

WI ST AR I A C H I N E N SI S f§§ ( T T h e
'

z ii .
-

descr ip ti o n gi ve n i n th e P é zz zfs a o is s u ffi cie n t to ide n t i fy th is -

pl a n t a nd i n s o m e parts of C h i n a i t is c al led j g E ii ( Chao

,

t ou Th e seeds i f p lace d i n w i n e are said to preserve , ,

i t fro m spoi l i n g a nd i f p u t i n to w i n e th a t is alread y spoi led

,

w i l l restore i ts good q u ali ties I t is co nsidered sl i gh tl y d elete .

ri o ns a nd i s pres c ribed as a d i ure ti c a n d i n a disease o f t h e

,

h ea rt cal led 7? (Y i n) .

WO O D WA R D I A J A P O N IC A — §fi] 5 ( K ou c h i ) 6 0 6 .
‘
-
,
.

Th is is th e J apa n ese ide n ti fi c atio n w h i c h Faber re fers to Wood

w a r d za m a zca n s ; b u t th is i s ev ide n tl y a m istak e so far as th e
’ ’
’
,

ou c/
'

ge n u i n e [ ( zz pla n t is co n cer n ed -
See F ob/p od i u m ba r ome tz . .

WO OD WAR D I A RA D IC A N S — E fife ( K u a n c h u ng ) .
-
,
647 .

th e P é f z ts a o re fers to A spzd i w fl N ep /izr od zzm z

'

T h is e n try in
'

-
, ,

0 7206 16 62 a nd oth er fer n s as wel l as t o Wood w a r d i a

,
A n u m ber
,
.

o f C h i n ese n a m es is i ve n s u c h as E {35 ( K u a n c h ieh ) E g

G
,
-
,

( K uan E E( E Pa i E E: (
B Ts ao h i h E 5 6) ‘ ‘
c - -
.

15 H e i k o u c h i ) a n d E } Eg ( Th e last i s sa i d
( F é w i
“
- -
n g e , .
-

t o be t he n a m e of th e herbage a nd th e fi rst th e n a m e of t h e ,

root referri n g to th e m a n n er i n w h ic h t h e rootstock is see m

,

i n gly str u n g toge th er E xact ide n t i fi c atio ns are exceed i n gl y

.

d i fii c ul t espec i al l y as t h e Ch i n ese co n fo u n d bot h ge n era a nd

‘
,

spe c ies M ed ici n al uses are gi ve n u n der N ep / zr oa zzzm fi l zx m a s

' '

’
. .
 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDOM .
46 I

X .

X A N T H IU M ST R U M AR IU M E ( Hs i erh ) Th is .
-
.

i s a c o m m o n w eed th ro u gh o u t C h i na A t Pek i ng a n d also i n .

,

t h e so u th i t is cal led é fl ( Ts a n g é rh ) 1 3 2 8 A n ot he r n a m e
,
‘ -
,
.

6; H: ( C h ii a n é rh ) ; b u t th i s i n J a pa n i s Ce r a s tzzm z g l u ti n o
’

is 2 -

sum Th e fr u its are sa i d to l ook l i ke a w o ma n s ear pe n da n t

’
.
,

a n d for th i s reaso n are c alled BI a gg( fi r h ta n g ) B e c a u se th e -

.

fr u i ts are pri c k l y a n d ad h ere to th e fleeces o f sh eep th at are

bei n g d ri ve n abo u t t h e c o u n try for pas t u rage t h e pl a n t i s ,

scatte red w idel y a nd fo r th is reaso n i t is so m eti m es cal led i f?

,
" ”
g 31 ( 5 Ya n g f u l a i ) sh-
ee-
p carri
,
ed i t h ere -
A n u m ber o f - -
.

oth er n a m es are give n bei n g a ppl i ed i n d i ffere n t p a r ts o f t h e

,
'

c o u n try a n d o n acco u n t of vario u s rese m bl a n ces o r u ses

,
Th e .

lea v es are eate n a nd also u sed fo r d y e i n g ye ll o w Th e fr u i ts

,
.

are co ns idered sl i gh tl y deleteri o u s a n d are u sed as a to n ic , ,

a n ti str u m o us a n t i rh e u m ati c
-
,
-
a n t i peri odi c and
,
d i u reti c -
,

re m ed y .Th e sh oot a nd l eaves h ave cool i n g a nd q u ieti n g

p roper t i es a scr i bed to t h e m a n d are used as a n astri n ge n t a nd
,

h e m ostati c Th e root I 3 2 9 is no t m e n t i o n ed i n th e P é /zts a o

.
, , ,

excep t as bei n g c o m bi ned w i th th e l ea ves i n th e preparati o n o f

a n ex tra c t ( see E x t r a cts i n th e A ppe n d ix ) Th e flowe rs are .

reco mm e n ded i n t h e A ppe n di x o f t h e P é i zZs a o as a re med y

i n cold s .

XA N T H O C E RA S S O RB I F O L I A — j{ i
’
é ( Wen .

k ua n g k u o) Th is bea u t i fu l tree gro ws w i ld i n Tartary i s

-
.
,

c u l ti vated i n Pek i n g a nd is n o w fo u n d i n m os t o f th e b ota n i ca l

,

garde n s o f E u rope a n d A m eri c a T he C h i nese na m e i s fo u n d .

i n th e P é n ts a o i n a foot n ote to t h e arti c le o n F i cu s ca l i cal b u t

- /
,

th ere i s n o descrip tio n o f th e pla n t a n d n o ne of the fr u i t , ,

exce pt th a t i t rese m bles th e fi g a n d tastes l i k e t h e c h es t n ut ,

bei ng ripe i n the fi fth m oo n N o m ed ici n al v ir t ues are .

ascri bed .

X Y L O S M A RA C E M O SU M ( T u n g . See
f l ex p ed zm c u l os a a nd n zzs l 7 zz77z Zzi czd u m
'

’
.
46 2 C H I NE S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A .

Z A N T H OX YLU M A I L A N T H O I D E S — fi
~
( Sh ih r

c h u y u)
-
Th is i s al o called 35 ii ? ( Y ueh c h i ao ) a nd
. s 3
? -

( La tz u)
-
A co
. m m o n n a m e by w h i c h i t is d es c ri b ed i n th e

P é n ts a o i s j g fi n g tz u )
( Ta I t i s sa i d to gro
-
w i n F u k.i e n

rese m bl i ng A zZm zt/

’

a n d i s a l ofty tree ,
zzzs b ut i s th or n y Th e ,
.

fr u its are p u n ge n t a nd are eate n by the peopl e as a s ubst i t u te

f or th e ord i n a r y red pe pper The tree a l so gro ws i n oth er
-
.

parts o f C h i n a h as a m ottled bark a nd yel l o w fl owe rs

,
Th e .

fr u i ts are gree n i n c olor a nd are gath ered by th e people i n t h e

,

e i gh th m o n th br u i sed togeth er w i th l i m e a n d t h e j u i c e
,

expressed w h i c h i s cal led 52 iii] ( A i y u) or fi 13 3 { fir ( La t sai

,
"
- -
‘

y )
u ,
a nd eate n as a co n d i m e n t M ed i c i n al ly th e fr u its a re .
,

c o ns idered t o be sl i gh tl y deleteri o us b u t th ei r v i r t u es are ,

regard ed as p ra c t i c al l y i d e n ti cal w i th th ose o f B oymi a r a te

cm w i t h w h i c h t h is prod u c t i s freq ue n tl y co n fo un d ed
’
a ,
.

C ar m i nati ve t u ss i c s t i m u la n t a n d c o un te r po i so n o us v i rt u es
, , ,
-

a re as c ribed a n d th e d r u g is prescr i bed i n d iarr hoeas le uc o r

, ,

r h oea a n d c h ro n i c dyse n tery

,
.

C h i n ch iao ) also
B U N GE I
Z AN T H O X Y LU M fig (
‘ -
.

called j g fix ( Ta c h ia o ) a n d 432 -
( H ua c h iao ) 4 9 2 As i n 4

m -
,
.

d i c a te d by th e fi rs t n a m e t h is or i g i n al ly ca m e fro m S h e nsi , ,

a n d th e d r u g co n sists o f th e s m al l red t u ber c u l a te d carpels , , ,

c al led M { I
y ( C h iao h u n g ) i nc l osi n g the bla c k ro un d sh i n i n g
-
, , ,

seed .B y abort i o n th e car pels n or m all y fo ur i n n u mber are

, , ,

red u ce d to t wo a n d t h e sle nder ped icles a ttach ed to th e c ar pels

,

a re o fte n fo u n d m i xed w i th th e de h isced carpels Th e d r u g .

h as a n aro m at i c od or a nd a pec ul iar p un ge n t a nd tereb i n

, , ,

t h i n a t e fla v or w i th a be nu mb i n g acrid after taste fai n tl y

, ,
-
,

rese m bl i n g th at o f aco ni te Th e properties w h i c h re nder i t .

c o n d i m e n tal a nd m ed i c i n a l are p rob abl y d u e to th e oleo

resi n o f th e t uber c les o f th e per i carp T h e l eaves are also .

colle c ted a n d u sed w i th th e fr u i ts as m ed ici n e T h ey are also .

e m pl oyed fo r feed i n g s i lk w or m s T h e rese m bla n ce o f th is fr u i t

-
.

t o Z a n t/ zox l zm z bz e r zt zm z is no ted
[ p b u t th e fr ui ts are sa i d to
'

y ,

be l arger a n d th e seeds s m al ler tha n i n th e l atter It o cc u rs i n .

46 4 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

rese mbl i n g Z m zt/ zox l zm z z e r ztu m

'

y pp b u t h a vi ng gray d ul l , ,

seeds i ns tead o f bla c k

,
T he seeds are parc h ed a n d fed to
.
,

c h i cke n s a n d d u c k s Th e carpels o f t h i s pla n t are m ixed w i th

.

w i l d gi n ger a n d ad m i n i stered w i th w i ne as a re m edy for

asth m a a n d co u gh s .

Z A N T H OX Y LU M Sp — g fié fi x ( Wa n ch iao ) Th i s i s a -
.

Y u n n a n spe c i es is a c ree per i nstead o f a sh r u b a n d is also

m
, ,
’
cal led i s 15131 (C h u ch i ao ) p i g pepper j aj
-
( K o u c h i ao
,
“
) ,
-
,
”
“
d o g pe p per a nd
$ 431 ( C h i n c h iao )
,
golde n pepper It -
, .

grows w i ld i n th i c kets a nd h as a pl i a n t ste m ,

T he n at ives .

eat i t T h e fr u i t root a nd s te m a re al l u sed m ed i c i nal l y i n

.
, ,

colds co u gh s d ropsy a nd ex ter nal ly as as a wash to h e m o r

, , ,

rh o i d s .

illi
L m (
c hiao )T i This is a s til l s mal ler creeper a nd
-
.

co m es fro m S h a n gta n g i n S h a ns i I t h as a very s m al l stal k .

a n d leaves a n d p u rpl i s h wh i te flo wers

, The l eaves are boiled
-
.

w i t h m u tto n to gi ve a fl avor Th e m ed ici na l properties o f th e .

fr u i ts are a n ody n e a n d a n th el m i n t i c .

Z EA M A SKS — E i ( Y u s h u sh u ) ; a lso cal led i - -

c a m e fro m th e west
£2 ( Y ii kao-
l ia n
-
g ) Th is . a n d t h e d es c r i
p ,

t i o n give n i n th e P é n l s a o i s c h aracte r is t ic C o m m o n n a m es .

E5 ( P a l n) a n d 7 ; fl ( L i u s u) th e “
for th e I nd i a n 507 71 are - -
,
”
sixt h gra i n . Th e c or n i s regarded as n u t r i t i o us a n d sto
m ac h i c .A de c octio n o f th e root a nd l ea v es is used i n u ri nary
d i fii c u l ti es stra n g u ry a n d gravel
‘
, ,
.

Z E L K OW A KEA KI .
$91] ( C h u —
l i u) . See P t er oca ry a
s ten o
p t ez
f
a .

Z I N GI B E R M I OG A i{ f ( j a ng h o) H e nry refers
.
- .

th ese c h aracte rs to [ 11520 12 g zga me zm z b u t w i th o u t do u bt the /

des c ri pt i o n gi ve n i n th e P é zzl s a o i nd i c ates Z zzzg zéer There

'

see m s to be tw o sorts o n e w i t h a red ro ot th e oth er w i th a w h i te

, ,
.

T h e leaves are sa i d t o rese m ble t h ose of th e ba n a n a a n d th e ,

roots are l i ke g i n ger roots b u t m ore s uc c ule nt Th e r oots are

,
.

ofte n p ic k led i n th e sa m e m a n n er as g i n ger T hey a re c o n .

s id e re d to be sl i gh tly d eleter i o us a n d are pres c ribed i n m alaria , ,

 VEGE T A B L E K I NGDOM .
46 5

m al a c ia , i nsec t a n d scorp i o n b i tes a nd th e deco c ti o n as a ,

w ash i n i n fla m e d eyes Th e leav es h a ve s i m i la r v i r t u es a n d

.
,

i n add i t i o n to th e u ses al read y i n d i c ated are used as a ,

p roph ylact i c .

O FFICI NA L E — g
'

Z I N GI B E R § ( C h i a n g ) 57 4 I n t h e .
, .

P é zzzs a o th i s i s gi ve n i n t wo art i c l es o ne o n i g ( S h é
‘
‘
“

ng ,

”
c h ia n g) fresh g i n ger ,
“
a n d t h e o th er o n $5 2
: 52 (
,
K a n c h i a n g ) - -
,

”
“
d ry g i n ger O r i gi nal l y th e w h ol e w as d i s c ussed u nde r
.
,

th e l atter t i tle b u t Li S h i c h é n for so me reaso n bes t k n o wn to

,
-
,

h i msel f separa ted th e m i n t h i s m a n n er a n d d is c u sses u n d er

, ,

S/ c/
$1
g g ( )
'

zé i z
g zz
n 5-
K a n s h é n g c h i a n g d ry fresh g i
-
n -
,
“

”
ger H e d oes n o t s u c ceed i n m a k i n g o u t a n y esse n tial d i f
.

fere n c e bet wee n t he t w o arti c les d i s c u ssed T h e c h arac te r .

is ex pl a i n ed b y C h a n g ) w h i c h w o u ld i n d i c a t e t h at
(
'

( 2752n i ,

g i n ger w as n o t orig i n al l y a n ative prod u ct b u t c a m e fro m th e ,

M o n gol i a n bord ers Th e prod uc t is very wel l des c ri bed i n

.

t h e P é /zzs a o I t is largel y c ul t i vated i n t h e ce n tral pro vi nc es

.
,

a n d i s m u ch e ate n i n th e gree n state as a c o nd i m e n t a nd

corre c t i ve Th at grow n i n the so u t h er n p ro v i n c e s i s m uc h

.
‘

less m u cil agi n o us t h a n th a t gro wn i n t h e Ya n gtse val le y a nd ,

co nseq u e n tl y i s better ad ap ted fo r m ak i ng preserve s a n d s wee t

m eats M os t o f t he preser v ed g i n ge r fo u nd i n t he m ar ke t
.
,

t h e re fore co m es fro m the so u th I t i s cal led fl

, § g ( T a ng .
‘

c h ia n g) D ry gi n ger s uch as is f o und i n th e w est is n o t

.
, ,

easil y m ade fro m t h e C h i nese root as th e s ki n d oes no t read i l y ,

separate by m a c era t i o n W h a t is k n ow n as d ry gi nge r i n .

C h i n a occ u rs i n flat pie c es o f a n i nc h i n le ngth m u c h , ,

sh r i vell ed a n d wri n k led The taste is m u c h i n ferior to t h a t

.

fro m th e West I nd ies a nd oth er gi n gers Th e fresh gi n ger is .

u sed t o c orrect fetor s t i m u l ate th e di gesti v e orga n s q u ie t

, ,

n a u sea c he c k co u gh a n d act as a car m i n a tive a nd astri n ge n t

, ,

re m ed y i n dyse n tery I t is also th o u gh t to o v erco me t h e poiso n

.

o f m u sh roo m s Th e d r i ed gi n ge r h as si m ilar pro perti es a n d

.
,

i s also u se d i n u ri nary d i ffi c u l ties h e m orr h ages c o nstipatio n , , ,

a nd perverted lo c h i a Th e gi n ger sk i n .

“ (
fl C h ia ng ,

is also u sed as a car m i n ati ve re m edy a n d i n opac i ty o f t h e

77 ,

cor nea Th e gi n ger leaves are br u ised a nd t he j u i c e u sed as a

.

digest i ve sti mula n t a nd as a l o c a l appl icatio n i n ecch y moses .

46 6 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

An oi l g i n ger g iii! ( C h i a n g y u) 8 0 is m ade i n K u a ng

of ,
-
, ,

t u n g a n d used as a c o n d i m e n t I n d i a n g i n ger 3? 5: $15

é .
,
,

T 1 3 a ls o m e n t i o n ed i n t h e P é i zt s a o i n a
.

Ie n c h u k a n c l 1 1 a n g )
(
‘ - - -
,

foot n ote t o th e prese n t art i c le K a n clzzn i s also ca l led

’

.
-

a fi g ( Pai c h ia ng
)
“
? -
.

Z IZ AN I A A Q U A T I C A —fi .

( K u) . See H y d r opy r u m
l a tzf o/
zzm z
’

Z IZ Y P H U S J UJ U B A —g§§ ( S u a n tsao
) T h is i s th e
.
-
.

w i ld spi n o us f or m o zayp /ms v u lg a r zs w h i c h i n i ts c u l t i vated

' ’

, ,

sta te h as n o spi nes Th i s w i l d for m i s a v ery th or n y s h r u b

.

prod u c i n g s ma ll sph erical so u r ed i ble fr u i ts h av i n g a glob u l ar

, , , ,

pit . I t i s u sed for h ed ges Th e d ri ed cr ushed red dr u pes o f

.
, ,

th is a nd oth er r h a m n a c eo u s trees are sold i n the sh o ps u nd er th e

n a me o f Q 12 5 ( Tsao 1 33
7 a nd Pig] ( Tsao j o u) 1 3 3 6 a nd ,
-
, ,

th ese are sa i d to be sto m a c h i c a nd to n ic The ker n els o f these .

fr u i ts a n d also o f R / zmm m s s o or z e r i f i n deed th ese are n o t th e

p f
'

sa m e are sold u n d er the na m e o f Q Q t : ( S ua n tsao j é n) 1 2 0 5

,
- -
, .

A s th e n a me S u cm zs a o is also used fo r D zospy r os lo t u s i t m a y

’

-
,

be th at th ese re fer also t o th e k er n els o f th at fr u i t Th ey are .

u sed as sedati ves Fro m t h e fa c t th at the tree gro ws i n th e

.

m o u n ta i ns i t is so me ti m es also cal led L U fi ( Sh a n ts ao ) Th e -

.

fr u i ts are co ns i dered cool i n g a n ody ne a n d to n ic I f eate n , ,

.

freq u e n tl y th ey are said to i n c rease th e flesh a n d stre n gt h

,
.

Th ey are reco m m e nded i n rh e u matic d iffi c u l ties a nd espe c ial l y

i n sl eep less n ess w h eth er fro m weak n ess o r fro m pai n
,
.

s th e c o m
Y P H U S V UL G AR I S
Z IZ ( Tsao ) Th i s i . .

mon cu ’
l t i v ated j g
z zzbe I t i s gro w n i n d i ff ere n t parts of C h i n a
.
,

a nd h as bee n c u l t i v ated fro m m ost a nc ie n t t i m es Th ose .

g rowi n g i n th e n orth are k n o w n as i t

( Pe i tsao ) a n d th ose -
,

i n th e So u th as fij Q ( N a n tsao ) Th e gree n dates are sa id to

-
.

prod u c e fever a n d th ose w h o are i n l ow fles h sh o u ld n ot ea t

,

t he m T h e l ar ge dates é ( Ta tsa o) are also cal led HQ

‘ ‘

.
-
, ,

( K a n tsao-
) i , ( M ei tsao ) a n d E é ( -
L i a n g tsao ) ,
The y -
.

are m u c h u sed i n In e d i c i ne espe c iall y i n th e prepara ti o n of ,

pil l m asses a n d co n fe c tio n s Th ey are c o ns i dered n o u rish i n g

.
,

be n e fi c ia l to t h e v iscera to ni c q u i e ti ng a nd laxati v e The y

, , ,
.
 A P PE N D I X .

Si n ce th e fi rs t h al f O f t h is w ork was i n press t h e i d e ntifi ca ,

ti o ns o f othe r pla n ts h ave bee n fo u nd a nd o wi ng to t he

al ph a betic al arra nge m e n t o f t h e w ork i t i s n ecessary to pl ace ,

th ose bel o ngi n g to th e fi rs t h al f o f th e al ph abet i n a n appe nd ix .

There are also oth er d r u gs co nsi dered by t h e C h i nese to be

i m porta n t b ut w h ic h h ave n o t bee n fu l l y id e n ti fi ed
, T hese .

are also placed h ere I t wa s no t ori gi nal ly i n te n ded to i nc l ude

.

ph ar m ace u ti c al preparat i o ns i n th e work but i t was a fterwards

th o u gh t desirable to d o t h is Th erefore D ecocti o ns E s s e n ces
.
, ,

a n d E x t r a cts wi l l also be fo u n d h ere F i nall y a l ist o f th e .

,

rare d r ugs m e n ti o ned i n th e P é zzts a o b u t w h i c h h ave n ot bee n ,

i de n ti fi ed i s placed at th e cl ose o f th e A ppe n d ix

,
I n th e .

i nterests o f t h e st ud y o f bota ny i t i s h oped th a t ma n y o f th ese ,

w i ll be ide nt i fied i n t h e near fu t ure .

AB UTIL O N A VI C E NN ZE —fi MGI s i a ng ma) T h e fi rs t .

-
.

c h aracter is u s u al l y read M en g ; b u t i n t h is case t h e so u n d is

t ake n f ro m th e Ta ng P é n ts a o A n oth er na me is Q ( Pa
. i m
m a) a n d th e cl assi c al n a m e is IE ( C h i ng)
,
Th e pla n t i s t h e ‘
.

s a m e as S ta/ m m
'

ro ws c o o l y i orth er C h i a
' '

a t zl zae ol za a n d n n n n n
j g
both i n t h e w i l d a nd c ul t i vated sta t e I ts fi ber is used for .

m ak i n g c loth a nd corda ge I t gro ws to t h e h e ig h t o f f ro m

.

f o u r to seve n fee t and h as leaves rese m bl i n g th ose o f

,

B a k m ema m zzea ; i t bears a y ell o w flower a n d seeds l i ke th e

' ’

”
h ol ly h o c k b u t black Th e n a me wh i te he m p re fers to t h e
,
.
“

col or o f th e fi ber w h i ch i s very floss y a nd i n fla m m abl e C h i l

,
.

dre n so m eti m es ea t th e seeds o f the pla n t T h e fr u its are .

prescribed i n d yse n t ery a nd a re used i n opaci ty of th e cor nea

,

a n d e n tropio n T h e root is also used for th e sa m e d i ffi c ul ties

.
.

ZE G L E S E P I A R I A —jifij his ( K o u c h ii ) al so cal led i i g

u - ’

u ch ii )
(
‘
C h o -
Th is i s a ci tr us l i k e tree th or n y beari n g i n t he
.
-
, ,

seco nd m o nt h w h i te fl owers w i t h gree n sta m e ns a n d no t fra ,

gra n t I ts fr u i t rese m bles th at of C ztr u s f u s m b ut w ith a m ore

’

.
,

h or n y ri n d Th e pl a n t i s grow n as a h e d ge a n d t h e ri nds o f
.

,
47O C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M E D I C A .

th e fr ui t are so m et i m es s u bsti t u ted for gree n ora nge peel Th e .

l eaves are pres c r i bed i n d yse n tery w ith m uc o us a n d bl ood y

stools a n d i n dera nge m e n ts of t h e d i gesti ve orga n s ge n eral l y
, , .

Th e th or n s a reu sed i n toot h ach e Th e seed s are also prescr i bed -

.

i n fl u xes a n d th e bark of th e tree i n colds

,
A lso see t h e .

art icle o n pa ge 1 9 .

A LL I U M V ICT OR I A LI S — ( Sh a )
n s ua n ; also .
m -

cal led as $33 ( Ts é s ua n) a n d th e classical n a m e is g (Li ) Th is

‘ -
,
.

i s a co m m o n pla n t i n th e n orth o f C h i n a I t h as a roo t l ike .

arl ic a n d a l ea f l i ke th e l eek The pla n t i s u sed as a car

g ,
.

m i n a t i v e a n d i n profu se m e n str u ati o n A lso see p a ge 2 6 . .

A N G E LIC A S p g E (Tu k u a n
; a Thi s i s a -

pla n t w h i c h grows wi ld a n d h as a root rese m bl i n g t h at o f

,

P e zwed mzzt m I ts lea v es rese mble t h ose of A r a l l a a nd t h e

’

.
,

root is u sed i n m ed i ci ne i n th e treat m e n t of swell i ngs t um ors

, , ,

ecch y m oses th roa t di ffi c ul t ies a n d ce nt i pede bites

, , .

A N G E LI C A K I U SI A NA a ( H sie n Th is i s
.

ive n i n th e P e zzt s a o u nder th e arti cl e o n s t s s e m za l a ta

‘ ’

g a nd ,

i s said to c o m e fro m a w o me n s k i n gd o m l ocated t o t h e east of

’

t h e co u n try of F u l i n i s fragra n t sal i n e a nd is eate n as a y ege

, , ,

t able I ts lea v es are sai d t o rese m ble th ose of S es e l z Zzéa notzs

' ' '

. .

A N I S ON I A E LLI PTIC A —7k fi é : ( S h u i

'

‘
ka n
-

T h is grows by th e sid e o f w ater strea m s sh oo ts up i n th e ,

spri n g w i t h gree n s t al k a nd lea v es a nd is said to bear no ,

fl ower Th e h erbage is decoc ted w i t h li corice roo t a nd used

.
,

i n t h e febric u l a o f c h i ldre n .

A RA C H I S H Y P OGZEA fi 73 £35 ( Lo h u a s h é ng r
) The - - -

a n u t or g ooéer i s n o t i ndi ge no us t o C h i n a h a v i n g bee n

p e ,

i ntrod u ced f ro m abroad som e ti m e pre v i ous t o th e eigh tee nt h

ce n t ury T h e n a m e is der i ved fro m t h e wa y t h e y o ung pod
.

h as o f th r u sti n g i t sel f i n t o th e gro u n d at t h e ti m e o f th e fal li n g

of th e fl ower I n co m m o n u s e t h e n a m e h as bee n c o n tracted
.

t o 12 Q; ( H u a s h é n g) O t h er n a m es are E g
- .
( C h a n g s h é ng
‘ -

k u o) a n d i E ( T u t o u) A very good descri ptio n o f t h e

‘ -
.

pla n t and its m a nner o f c ul t i vatio n is gi v e n i n t h e A ppe ndi x to

47 2 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

root w h i c h i s th e par t u sed i n m ed i c i n e is al so red

, I t is used , .

i n t h roa t d i ffi c u l t i es bei n g m ad e i n to a gargle w i th vi n egar

,

a n d water .

A R D I SI A H OR TOR U M E fir} Pai l ia ng c h i n

'

( ) .
- - -
.

Th i s i s a w ood y shr u b n o t m ore th a n t w o o r th ree feet h i gh ,

growi n g i n Y u n n a n Th e leaves are a t fi rst gree n o n bot h

.

s ides ; b u t later th e u nd er s i d e t ur ns p u rpl e a nd th e S h r u b i s ,

o n l y parti al l y d e c id u o u s I t bears pear l c ol ored fl owers a n d

.

fr u i ts t h e s i ze o f a pea w h i ch t u r n red w h e n ri pe,

Th e roo t .

i s red a n d flesh y I t i s used i n fev ers throat d i fli c ul ti es a n d

.
, ,

excessive sal i vatio n .

A R D I SI A J A P O N IC A g 4 ( : T z u ch i n n i.u ) Th is - -
.

grows i n F u k i e n has a l ea f l ike th at of th e tea sh r u b gree n

, ,

o n t h e f ace a n d p u rpl e o n th e bac k Th e fr ui ts are ro u n d a n d .

p u rpl ish red i n c ol or

-
Th e root i s u sed i n m e di c i ne for
.

i n fl u e n za a n d as a car m i n at i v e I t i s sa i d to re nder fl u id t h e
.

bl ood l lw ( H s ao c h i n g ) i s al so s uggeste d as A r d zs za
’

i
’

-
‘
.

j ap on i ca ; b u t th e des c ri p tio ns do no t agree .

A R I S ZE M A S U R A TU M —g fit] ER ( P a n tao ts en g ) n
‘ - -
.

Th ere is n o des c ri ptio n o f t h is excep t tha t i t h as a stal k a n d

l eaves l i ke M ea t/ a r w n s zs I t is a n ti febril e a nd th irst
’

ta .

relievi n g .

A S P ARA G U S G I B B U S §E E (
l: L u ng h su .
- -

Th is ter m i s fo u n d i n th e P é zzts a o i n tw o places ; b u t o n e

see m s t o refer to a c y pera c eo u s grass u sed t o m ake m ats w h i le ,

th e oth er refers to a sea weed A sp a r ag u s g zbbzzs g rows i n th e

'

-
.

n orth er n provi n ces b u t i t d oes n o t see m to be m e n ti o n ed i n

,

t h e book s .

B E C K MA N N I A E R U C E F O R M I S — fi é : ( Wa n g .

Th e c lass i c al n a m e i s Q : ( H u a n g) a n d oth ers are H] ( Sh o u ,

t ie n ) a n d 533 i i ( S h o u
‘
I t grows i n wet fi elds a n d rese m
bles w h eat b u t is s m al ler
, I t is ri pe i n th e fo u rth m o n th a n d
.

i s used fo r food I t h as so m e rese m bl a n ce to [ fi d r opy r

.
f

The grai n i s c ool i ng n u tr i t i o us a n d ge neral ly be n e fi c i al to the

, ,

d i gest i ve orga n s .
 A P P EN D I X .
73

B E T A VU L GAR I S —Si n ce t h e ar t i cl e on pa ge 6 8 was i n

.

p ri n t th e C h i nese n a m e h as bee n fo u n d i n t h e P é nts a o w i t h

,

th e fi rst c h arac ter w ro ngl y w ri tte n T h e pl a n t wa s f or merl y

u sed for m ak i n g a fi s h co n d i m e n t T h e leaves are u sed by th e .

peopl e a t t h e so u t h as a pot h erb Li S h i h C h en gi v es a fai r

-
.
-

d es c ri pti o n o f t he pl a n t b u t does n o t clearl y i n dicate i t s

,

bie nn ia l nat ure M ed i ci n al l y i t is regard ed as cool i n g a nd i s

.
, ,

reco m m e n ded i n dyse n tery as a h e m os t atic s to m ach ic a nd

, , ,

co nstr ucti v e I t i s special l y reco mm e n ded f or w o me n T h e

. .

root acts o n t h e blood vessels is car m i nati ve a nd t uss i c ,

The .

seeds are used i n t h e fav us o f c h il dre n a nd steeped i n v i n egar ,

are co nsidered a good appl i cati o n to th e face t o re m o v e c os metic

powders . T hey are a lso used i n b leed i ng piles .

ui
B O CC O N I A C OR D A T A 1§ 5 (
g P o l o h ) .T h is- - -
.

g rows i n th e m o u n tai n val leys o f th e Ya n gtze prov i n ces h as a ,

s tal k a nd lea v es l i ke t zm t s comm u n i s a h ol l ow ste m co n tai n

'

i ng a ye l lo w sa p w h i c h is exceedi ngl y poiso n o us W he n dry .

,

t h e ste m m a y be used as a w h istl e B e i n g v ery po iso n o us th i s .

,

pla n t is re garded as a n ad m irable co un ter poiso n i n al l for m s o f -

poi so ned sores abscesses carci n o ma a nd the K n d isease

, , ,
.

C A K E S P A ST R Y A N D S WEE T M E A TS —
, , Th e ter m -
.

fif; ( K ao ) is appl ied to swee t cakes p u dd i ngs a n d th e l ike , ,

.

The y are u s u al l y stea m ed a nd m ade o f gl u ti n o us r i ce gl u ti n o us ,

m i llet or co mm o n ri c e flo u r Th ose m ade of gl u ti n o u s rice are

,
.

cal led fig (Tz ii ) a n d t h ose m ad e o f r ice bea n s a n d s ugar are

, , ,

cal led éfl ( Erh ) T h ose m ade o f th e co mm o n rice are c o n

.

s i d ere d th e m os t d iges ti ble w h ile t h ose m ad e o f co mm o n m il le t

,

are th o ugh t to i nj ure th e S plee n a nd s h o uld be forbidde n t o

ch ildre n Th e for mer n o uris h th e splee n sto m ac h i n testi nes
.
, , ,

be ne fi t th e breath a nd h ar m o n i ze th e ce n ters
,
Th e l at ter .

be ne fi t th e breath w ar m t h e ce n ters a nd assist i n excret io n

, ,
.

They are speciall y re c o m m e nded i n th e d iarr hoeas o f t h e aged .

3g ( Ts u ng) i s th e n a m e o f t h e th ree cor n ered d u m pl i ngs -

ex t e nsively used a t t h e Fi ft h M oo n feast Th e c haracter is .

co mm o nl y w r i tte n fi e ( Ts u ng) A not h er n a me re ferri ng to .

,

th ei r shape a nd th e s ubsta n ce fro m w h ic h th ey w ere m ade i n

a ncie nt t i mes is fi g ( C h io S h u)
, T h ey are n o w m os t fre-
.
474 C H I N E SE M A T ER I A M E D I C A .

q ue nt l y made o f gl uti no u s rice For merl y a t th e Fi fth M oo n .

,

feast th ey were t h row n i nt o th e ri ver t o f eed th e scal y d ra go n

,

E
( 5 fig
2 C h iao,
l u n g) Th ey -
are co n sidered
. to b e a n excelle n t
adj u va n t t o a nt i -m al arial re medies .

A k i n d of fried cak e w h ic h w as for merl y m ade a nd ea t e n

t h e day be fore th e Feas t o f A l l So uls ( abo u t A pri l sth ) a nd ,

i s stil l made to so me ex t e nt t akes i ts n a m e f ro m t he day above ,

”
re ferred to a nd is cal led £ 55 ( H a n e lm )
,
col d arti cles 4
-
,
“
.

I t i s sai d t o keep for se v eral m o n t h s O th er na mes are .

j g E: ( B N ie n pick u p s fi g) ; (
i H u a n p i n g ) ri-
ng ,
-
,
“

cak es a n d éfi
,
’
g ( S a n) T hey are m ade o f gl u ti n o u s rice a n d
.

fl o ur w i t h a l i ttl e sal t a nd are fr i ed i n sesa m u m o i l T h ey

, ,
.

a re u sed as a n a n tidote t o t obacco s m ok i ng are sai d t o to n e ,

u p t h e excretory or ga ns l ubrica t e th e i n testi n es w ar m t h e

, ,

ce n ters a nd be n e fi t th e brea th C h ro nic dyse n tery i s treated

, .

w i t h th e m .

S T E A M ED CAKE S 2 E 3? ( C h é n g pi n g) are
,
m ad 3e o f w h ea t -
,

flo u r a nd are o f m a n y v ariet ies

, The y are us u al l y raise d .

w it h l eave n a nd are eate n bot h h o t a nd cold bei ng i ncl u ded

, ,

a m o n g t h e c ol d foods abov e re ferred to Th ey are co nsidered .

t o be peptic n o urish i ng a nh ydrotic a n d el i m i native

, ,
Th ey ,
.

are reco m me n ded i n c h ro n i c d iarr h oea m e norrhagi a col l i , ,

u a t i e s weati n g b u r n s scalds fract u res a n d oth er i nj u ries

q v , , , ,
.

S W EE T M E A TS are k n ow n by t h e n a m es E3 §F§ ( I t a ng)

- - ‘

a nd fi
g ( H si ng) T h e y are . m ade o f a variety o f grai n s a nd

seeds ; b ut t ha t used m edi ci n al l y i s made o f gl u ti n o us r ice ,

w ith th a t m ade o f maize so m eti m es e m pl oyed I t is sa id t o .

be bes t i n th e f o rm o f a th ick t reacl e l ike t h e J apa n ese m i d s u ,

a me . I t is o fte n made o f m alted grai n w h e n i t probabl y m u ch ,

rese mbles g l u cos e I t is regarded a s to n i c cool i ng stre n gthe n

.
, ,

i ng car m i n ati v e a nd expectora n t

, ,
I t is also regard ed as a n .

a n t i dote t o aco ni te poiso ni ng E x t er nal l y i t is appl ied t o .

v ir ule nt sores a nd wo un ds .

C AR E X P A CH Y GY N A fi ( Yai t s ung) T h ere is

‘
- .
.

n o t m u c h d escriptio n o f th is I t i s u sed w i th th ree u nide n ti fi ed .

pl a n ts 32 55} ( C h i w e
.
ng BE [ El ( P a n t ie n
- h u i ) a nd -
‘ -
,

if 5 15 fit ( Ye h la n k é n) as a w o ma n s re m edy i n w asti ng
» - -
’
,

d i seases .
476 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

h as a red h ear t Wh e n y o un g i t i s used as food

. Wh e n old ,
.
,

t h e stal k c a n be used as a sta ff I t i s also ca l led 35 2? ( Li .

h u o) a n d a re m ark m ade by Li S h i h C h en s uggests t ha t th i s

,
-

n a m e wa s also appl ie d t o S org lzu m v u lg a r e ( FE

; K ao l i a n g ) -
,

a n d i t m a y h ave bee n th is w h ic h Fa H sie n s a w a n d by i t ,

recog n ised that h e h ad o n ce m ore reach ed t h e S h ores of C h i na .

T h e leaves a n d th e stal k o f t h e species u nder co nsiderati o n are

u sed i n m ed ici n e ; th e for m er as a n a n t h el m i n ti c a n d i ns ec t i

c ide a n d t he ash es o f th e l a t ter as a n esch aro t ic i n u nh eal th y

,

gra nu lat io ns a nd to re m o v e war t s .

C ON G E E — 57F3 ( C h o u) fi ( M i ) Wh e n th i s gr uel h as
'

. .
,

bee n boiled th ic k i t i s cal led fig ( C h a n) a nd w h e n t h i n th e ,

n a m e is M ; ( I) The n um ber o f t hese gr uel s i s v ery large a n d

.
,

t hey are m ad e fro m a n y o f th e cereal grai ns a nd oth er s ub

sta n ces so m e ti m es u sed al o ne a nd so m eti m es wi th a n ad m ix
,

t u re O f oth er d r ugs T h e c o m m o n co ngee is m ad e o f rice or

.

m i lle t th a t m ade o f t h e for m er be i n g also k n ow n as fl fig

,

( H s i fa n) Th is is al m ost th e u n i versal stapl e o f t h e C h i n ese

-
.

break fast be i ng eate n w i th a rel ish o f sal ted vegetabl es or bea n

,

c u rd . I t is eas i l y digested a n d fat te n i n g a n d as a d i et for th e ,

S i ck i t i s m ost excel le n t bei n g de m u lce n t cool i ng easi l y

, , ,

d i gestible a n d n o u rish i n g W h e n a de mu l ce n t is n eeded as i n

,
.
,

bowe l o r bladder d iffic u l ties t h ere is n oth i n g better as i t c a n, ,

easil y be d i l u ted by add i n g boi li n g w a ter i t c a n be strai ned , ,

or m eat broth w i ne or oth er s u bsta nces c a n be added to i t

, ,
.

I t read il y tak es t h e place o f a nd excels barley brot h or , ,

barley w ater TO prepare i t a rel a t ively s mal l q ua n t i t y of

.
,

r ice s h o ul d be p ut to boi l i n a s u ffi c ie n tl y large q ua n t i ty o f

w ater S O th a t no w ater n eed be ad ded to m ak e th e gr ue l of t h e
,

r i gh t co nsiste n cy For th is reaso n i t is better t o use t oo

.
,

m uc h water ra th er th a n too l i ttl e a s i t rath er i m proves t h e ,

co n gee to boi l i t a l o ng ti m e u n ti l t h e w ater h as s ufli c i e ntl y

e vaporated Th e gr u el u sed for break fast is us ual l y m uch
.

t h i c k er tha n th at gi ve n to th e sick Tw o places w h ere th is .

gr u el fi nds v ery practi cal use i s i n t h e case of n ursi ng m oth ers ,

t o i n crease th e s u ppl y o f m il k a nd i n th e case of h a n d fed ,

-

i fa ts as a u se ful add i tio n t o a n d d il ue n t of cow s m il k

n n ,
’
It .

sh o uld al w a ys be fresh l y m ade for th is l at t er p urpose .

 A PP END I X .
47 7

W/
zea t
] 25 1
Cong ee, i c h o u) i s co nsidere d
. 33
5 ( H si ao m a i - -
,

t o be cool i n g a n d is used i n feverish c o nd i ti o n s

m
.

Ap r i cot K er n e l Cong ee cal led y ;r fé: ( H a n s li ili c h o u)

,
- -
,

i s mad e of apri cot or peac h ker nels a n d certai n fl ow ers I t is .

reco mme n ded for co ugh s as a car m i na tive a nd sto m ach ic , , .

Cong ee m ad e o f g l n t zn on s r zee (ffi 5K N o m i ) gl u ti n o us

' '

-
, , ,

li
T K m ) a nd gl u ti n o us P a n t ou m
’

(/
' '

S eta r za zt a l zoa 5 S h i
’

i u »
-
,

m zl za eznn (a ? K m ) i s u sed as a de m u l c e n t i n d iarrh oeas

’ ’

5 S l i u i ,
-
, ,

a n d vo m i t i n g a n d i s e m pl oyed as a l oca l appl i catio n i n s m al l

,

pox i n ch i ldre n .

Cong ee m ade o f or d i n a ry r zoe (ii 5K K é ng m i) A n n a mese

'

-
, ,

fi a ri m i m
r ice
( ll 5 K S h , ) I n d ia n -
cor n ,fl é S u i ) a nd ,
-
,

S org lzn m v u lg a r e 516 Li a ng m i ) i s co nsidered to be d i ure tic

,
-
, ,

t h i rst rel iev i n g a nd n u trie n t

-
, .

Cong ee o f P / za s eo l ns r a d za t n s bea n s i f ) I E fifi ( C h i h
'

,
: \ ,

li siao t ou c li o u ) is d i ureti c res ol va n t i n d ropsie s, a nd c urative

- -
, ,

i n go u t .

Cong ee of P / za s eol n s nzn n o bea n s

g E W( L n t o u ch o u ) ,
- -
,

is coo li n g a n d th i rst rel ievi n g -

.

Cong ee o f p oppy s eed s 5K W } ( Y u m i c h o u ) ,

rel ie v es - -
,

v o m i ti n g a n d be n e fi ts th e large in tes ti ne .

Cong ee o f th e k er n els o f Cozx l a cing/m a fi 1} t : g fi ( i

'

I ,
-

n c h o u) i s c o s dered c u rati v e i n r h e u ma tis m a n d be n e fi c ia l

j é -
n ,
i
t o th e di ges tive orga n s .

C gon ee o f l ot u s s e ed m ea l 5
? $5 } E fi ( Li e n t z fi f é n c h o u)
,
- - -
,

i s t o n i c t o t h e splee n a nd sto mach , a nd astri n ge n t i n d iarr hoea

a n d dyse n tery .

Cong e e prepared o f th e m eal m ade fro m t h e seeds o f

E u ry a l e f er ox 35 g if} , } ( C h ie n
w
S h i h fé n c h o u) also cal led
‘ - - -
,

£ , fg éfi (
9 i C h i t o u ch o u-
) i s regarded -
a s to n i,
c a n d co n str u c t i ve ,

i m prov i ng th e V isio n a nd h eari n g .

Cong ee m ade o f th e m ea l o f t h e wa ter ones t n n t 3; a E ,

Li n g sh i h fé n ch o u) is be ne fi cia l to t h e di gesti v e org a ns ,

gt; (
i - - -
,

a n d cool i n g to t h e v iscera .

C/ zes tn n t Cong ee V
34; ( Li t
, z fi c h o u ) i s t o n ic t o th e - -
,

k id n ey s a nd stre ng t h e n i ng to t he l oi ns a nd l egs .

C ong ee of D i oscor ea q u i n q u el oba 5

$5: 365( S h u y u c h o u ) ,
- -
,

i s s t re ngth e n i ng t o t h e k id neys a nd v iri le or ga ns , as wel l as

t o th e d i gesti v e or ga ns .
478
\
C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M E D I C A .

T ar o Cong ee, 9 5( Y c h o ), is re garded as v ery t ri

“

55 u u nu
-

Cong ee m ade th e flo ur o f l i ly bu l bs fi 6 15} B

of iff, ( Pai ,

h o fé n ch o u) is m ois te n i ng to t h e l u ngs a nd h ar m o n iz i n g t o
- -
,

th e ce n ters .

R a d i s/ i Cong ee 2g E] W } (
Lo p o ,
c h o u ) i s d i g es t i v e a nd - -
,

be n e fi c i al to th e d i aph rag m .

Ca r r ot Cong ee fig 2 g g Bf} ( i f H u,
l o p o ch o u ) is car m i na - - -
,

t iv e a n d peptic .

P u r s l a n e Cong ee 5 fi jfi ( M a c h i h h sie c h o ) i s ‘
,
n u - - -
,

reco mm e nded for rh e u m atis m a nd S wel li n gs .

R ap e Cong ee iii] fi if; ( Y u ts ai c h o u) i s h ar mo n iz i ng t o

,
- ‘ -
,

th e ce n ters a nd car m i n a t i ve .

P on d w eed Co ng e e g 3 a 2 t; ( li u n ta t s ai c h o u
) is
‘
C ,
- - -
,

s t re ngth e n i n g t o t h e sto m ach a n d be n e fi cial to t h e splee n .

Sp i n a ch Cong ee $5 a 5k ii i ( l e ts a i c h o ) i s ‘
2? P
,
O n g u - - -
,

h ar mo n i zi n g a nd m oiste n i n g t o t h e v isce ra .

S b ep / )
’
zer d s
p ur se C o ng ee -
fi 32 34; (
2 C h i t s ,
a i c h o u - ‘ -
,

bri gh te ns th e eye a nd be ne fi ts t h e l iver .

Cel ery Cong ee i f? t; ( ) i

”

a C h i n , ts a i c h o u is cool i n g n
‘ - ‘ -
,

s ummer a nd be ne fi c ial to t he i n testi nes .

M a l l o w Cong ee 35 ? fl 315( 5 K u ei ts,

ai c h o u ) is m ois t e‘
n i n g
-
‘ -
,

i n fe v e r is h n ess a n d pep tic .

M u s ta r d Cong ee 31: f i g if; ( C h ie h t s a i c h o u) expels

,
- ‘ -
,

p h le gm a nd preve n ts ev i l efli u v ia .

L ee k Cong ee 35 gi; (
t C h i
, u t s a i c h o u ) i s war m i n g to
- ‘ -
,

t h e v iscera .

S a l te d o n i on C ong ee E at W } ( Ts u n g ,
s h i h c h o u ) i s ‘ - -
,

d iaph oretic a nd l ubricat i ng t o t h e mu scles .

Cong ee m a de o f t h e m ea l o f P a o/ { it 5} E 1}5
‘

z nza cocos 1
y 7 ,

( E u l i n g fé n ch o u) is a ge nera l to n i c a nd n u trie n t
- - -
, .

P i n e n u t ker n el C ong ee t: 5 93 ( S u ng tz ii j é n c h o u)
"

- - - -
, ,

i s m oiste n i n g to t h e h ear t a nd l ungs a nd h ar m o nizes t h e l arge ,

i ntesti ne .

Wi l d j uj u be Cong ee E562 t E }
ff ( S u a n ,
t sao j en c h ou
) - - -
,

rel ieves feve r a n d be ne fi ts t h e gal l .

Cong ee m ade Of th e seeds o f Ly ci u m s i n en s e M ] J FE a t} , y

o u cl i i t z ii ch o u
( K - -
) is to n i c t o t h e b l ood a nd be n e fi cial to th e
-
,

k id neys .
4 80 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A

Cong ee t o w h ic h br owned f l o u r h as bee n added b@ A ,

W }( C h ao‘
m ie n j u c h o u) i s u se d to c ure
- - -
,
w h ite d yse n tery
” “
.

Cong ee w i t h ba k ed s a l l is}; E A BE( S hao y en j u ch o u)

,
- - -
,

is reco mm e n ded i n th e treat m e n t o f bloody flux .

R e/un a n n i a g l u l i n os a C o ng ee lib fi fig ( Ti h ua n g ch o u)
,
- -
,

i s m ade by bo i l i ng th e root w i th rice an d w h e n i t is n earl y ,

do n e add i n g c u rds a nd h o ney a nd bo i l i n g d ry Th e m i xt u re .

is a fter wards boiled i n w ater a nd e a te n as a to nic to t h e bl ood

a nd ge n era l co nstr u cti v e .

C O P A L —I t i s n ot certai n t h at tr u e c opa l h as bee n

.
‘

bro ug h t to C h i n a i n th e past N e i t h er o f th e ge nera Tr a e/

. z lo
y
bi u nz n or f f y nzen d a h a v e bee n observed i n th is co un try a nd i f ,

th e s u bsta n ce i tsel f h as bee n bro ugh t i n i t h as no t bee n d is ,

t i ngu i s h e d fro m g u ru a n i m i g a i n el em i or d a nu n a r
, ,
.

H
CO C O O S S
R R P I C R E N A T A — H iiifil ( T ie n m a ) T h is
E .
‘ -
.

grows i n w i l d places alo n g water co urses

,
Th e l ea v es are .

u sed i n t he treat m e n t o f ca n cero us sores boils a n d abscesses , ,

.

CY N A CH U M C A U D A TU M —Q 35 E ( Pa i t u h u o)
.
,
-
‘ -
.

A l so called 9 E; ( Pai k o) Th is is a c reeper grow i n g i n

-
.

m o u n tai n o u s d istr i cts a n d i t so mew h at rese m bles M el ap l ex i s

,

s t a u n zon i i
‘
I t is n o t q u i te certai n w h eth er th e root o r sh oo t
.

i s u sed ; o ne a u th ori ty giv i n g th e for m er a noth er th e l a t ter , .

I ts v i rt u es are a n tago n istic to a l l for ms o f a n i ma l v ir us a nd ,

i t is th ere fore u sed i n al l k i nds of b i tes a n d sti n gs I t i s em .

p loyed i n ter nal ly i n al l k i n ds o f i n fec t io ns .

D AM M A R — DE IE, 75h ( Pa
. Thi s is t h e tra ns li te ra
t io n o f a M al ay n a m e a nd is properl y appl i ed to th e p rod uc t
,

y ielded b y D a nznza r a a u s zr a l i s a nd al li ed spec i es B ut w i th

’
.

o u t d o ubt i t i s ofte n u sed for

g u m a n i mi
g u m e l onzi co a l a n d
p , , ,

other s ubst a n ces used i n boat ca u l k i n g I n th is way i t c a m e

-
.

to be appl ied to coa l f a r D a m m ar i s i m ported i nto C h i n a

.

fro m B or n eo S i ngapore a n d i nd ire ctl y fro m I n d ia for ca u l k

, , ,

i n g sea m s i n boats C oal tar n o w largel y tak es i ts pl ace

. It .

i s n o t m e n ti o n ed i n t h e P en ts a o is n o t k n ow n t o be u sed i n
,

m ed i ci ne a n d is o n l y m e n tio n ed h ere beca u se i t is so me ti mes

,

co nfo unded w i th gu m ele mi .

 A PP EN D I X .
48 1

D E C O CTI ON S fig fig ( T a n g .y ao l ei ) W h i l e th e ‘ - -
.

ch aracter 7; is m ost co m mo n ly u sed fo r th is class o f prepara

t i o ns fig ( C h ie n) i s also v e ry freq u e n tl y used a n d w it h co n
, ,

s i d e ra bl e less freq ue n cy w e fi nd 5 2( K é n g ) a nd g: Y i n
( ) w h i le ,

a nd H ( C h i h m o r th e sa m e
g ( C h a ) ) are so et i m es sed f
‘
u p u r

p ose M ost C h i nese med ici n es are ad m i n istered i n decoctio n

.

or i n fusio n b ut there are certa i n o f these t ha t h ave m ore o r

,

less o f a n o ffi c i n a l sta n d i ng of w h i c h th e fol lo wi ng are gi ve n ,

I n th e P en ts a o

com
R es ol o en l D eeool i on ff; 41 g } ( C h i h c h ung , ,
-

pose d o f gi nse n g A tra c tyl i s ov a ta g i n ger a n d l i cor i c e a n d

, , , ,

used i n al l d i seases o f t h e viscera especial l y o f t he heart l u n gs , , ,

a n d spl ee n .

Ton i c D ecocti on [25 ] E f I

( S s fi c h i i n tz fi
,
c om - -

posed o f g i nse n g A tra c ty l i s ovata Pach y m a co c os d ried

, , ,

l icor i ce root g i nger a nd d ates a nd i t is used i n al l co nd i ti o ns

, , ,

o f w ast i n g o r weak n ess .

Ci zr u s A tr a ely l i s D ecoct i on m j g ; 75 ( C h i h sh u
‘ ‘
- -
; ,

co m posed o f A tracty l is ovata a nd C i tr u s fusca a n d prescribed ,

i n i nd i gesti o n flat u le n ce a n d dera n ge me n t of t h e v i ta l fu nc

, ,

ti o ns .

A r l e nzi s i a p i ll a r i s D eeool i on ,
ca
fig 2 ( Y i n -
ch
‘
é n - k é ng) ,
is reco m m e nded as a d i u retic i n i n ty p h o i d fevers espec ial l y ,

a n d m alari a .

S n ow f ev er D emo/
-
i o n 15 } g g ( S h a ng h a n h s ue h
,
- -

ch ie n) co m posed o p h ed ra v u l gar i s apr i cot ker n els a n d rh u

, , ,

barb bo i led i n s n ow w ater by a co m pl i c a ted pro c ess a nd e v a p ora t

,
-
,

ed to th e co ns i ste nc e to for m p i l ls Th is is ad m i n i stered i n .

typh oid a nd ot h er fevers a n d i s said to prod uce d iap h oresis a nd,

to ch e c k d iarrh oea .

R ek ma nn i a gl u ti n os a D ecoct i on fit E: fig ( Ti h u a n g
< , ,
-

c h ie n) m ade by de c o c ti n g th e root a n d e va pora t i n g t h e d ec oc

,

tio n t o th e co ns i ste n cy to for m p il ls T h is i s to n i c a nd .

,

i s ad m i n i stered i n h e ma t e mi s i s h e m op tys i s a n d c a nc er , ,

o u s swel li ngs A n oth er de c o c t i o n o f t h e sa m e is c al led fill

.

fig fig ( T i s u i ch i e n)
-
a nd -
is c o m posed o f R
,
eh m a n n ia root ,

stag s bo ne gl u e gi n ger h o n ey spiri ts a nd seeds o f Per i l la

’
, , ,

ocy m oides T h is is take n i n t he for m of deco c t i o n as a to n i c

.

re m ed y .
482 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

g
bzs i or ta D eeoezzmz, i f;
“
i% ( T
'

m fi s hé n
‘
‘ ’
P oly g on u z -

co m posed o f th e root boi led toge ther w i th li c orice root a nd ,

u sed i n dyse n tery .

A n e mon e ee r m za D eea et zon [23 9g

’

55 ( P a i t o u wé ng
1 -
‘ -
, ,

t a n g ) co m posed o f t he root o f t h i s pla nt C opti s teeta P hel

‘
, , ,

l od e nd ro n a m u re nse a nd Frax i n us p ub i n er v u s ,
I t i s pre .

scri bed i h i n fl a m m atory dyse n tery I n t h e case of post part u m .

-

bl ood y stools l i c orice root a nd th e m ed ic i n al gl u e k n ow n as

,

H
[] 1 5 2 ( A c h i ao-
) are added .

Op / zzo o mz s zea ms m
25 F 3 2 fig ( 5
' '

pg p D ecoct i on M ai é n ,
-

t un g ch i e n) co m posed o f th e fres h root a nd w h it e h o n ey

-
,

d eco c ted toge th er a n d prescr ibed as to n i c a nd ge neral c o n

,

str ucti ve re m edy .

[25 fig ( C h i n l i n g c h i e n) c o m
'

E el zp t a a Zba D ecocti on Q 3 ,
- -
,

posed o f th is h erb r a w g i n ger a nd w h i te h o n ey ,

I t is sa i d to, .

h ave t h e po wer of re n e wi n g a y o u th fu l appeara n ce by ch a ng

i ng grey h ai r to black .

/ i fl (
’

A g u e c e z g D eco o
z eé n -
c t n s
fig fig fi
g
C h i eh n i o ch u ,
- -

t a ng )
‘
. Several for mu l ae for a n ti m a lar i a l d ecocti o n s are
gi ve n a n d th e pr i nc i pal i n gred ie n t i n th ese is Or i xi a j apo n i ca
, .

Th e o th er i n gredie n ts vary w i th eac h prescr i pt i o n .

T/
’

zr ee c cl e
y D eeoet ze n i fi ( S a n c h ie n i s -

co m posed o f th e th ree for ms o f a c o n i te re c og n i se d by th e

C h i nese decocted togeth er w i th gi n ger I t i s co nsidered to be .

V i tal i zi ng a nd dep u rative a n d i s reco m m e nded i n d i ffi c u l ties ,

m ark ed by t u rbid u ri n e .

R oa s ted bea n s P a egl e D ecocti on f} E f 737 ( C h ao t o u , 7

‘ -

t z ii is made by roasti n g black bea ns a nd d i gesti ng i n ,

clear spiri ts u n ti l th e latter h as a p urple c olor I t is regarded .

as sol ve n t t o th e blood b u t c a n h ave n o v irt ues ex c ept t h ose ,

of th e sp i ri ts .

P ze n C/ zza o s t /zr ee é erm D ecoct i o n EB fig, 5 E; ( Pie n

' '

‘ l
,

ch i ao sa n t o u yi n) P i e n C hiao was a fa mo us ph ysi c i a n a nd

‘ - - -
.
,

th is is o ne of h is pres c rip ti o ns I t i s c o m posed of P h aseol us .

m u n go bea n s P haseol u s rad i at us bea n s G l yci n e h i sp i d i a

, ,

bea n s a nd l i c or i c e root d e c o c ted togeth er a n d o ne m a y ei ther

, ,

eat th e bea n s o r d ri n k th e broth I t i s s u pposed to be proph y .

lacti c to s m al l pox -
.
4 84 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

D ecoct i on f o n
L i n d er a g,
a nd
a : fi
g ( W u ch én n a l oes ,
- - ‘

t a ng ) Th e two s u bsta n c es are d e c o c ted togeth er w i th g i n se n g

‘
.

a n d l i c or i c e root a n d th e pre parat i o n is used i n a grea t variet y

,

o f d iffi c u l t i e s as a c o u n ter po i so n to n i c a n ody n e a n t irh e u m at i c

-
, , , ,

a n d a n t i m alar i a l re m ed y .

D e coct i o n of X y l o s nza r a ce nzos a 7M ; E}: ( Tso mu yi n) ,

- -
.

T h e leaves of th i s tree l ot us leaves a nd pet i ol es root o f

, ,

H e m erocall i s m i n or l i cori c e root a n d Poteri u m o fl

, i c i na le, ,

are bo i led togeth er for t h e treat m e n t o f al l k i nds of s wel l i ngs

a nd abscesses .

E SS EN CES —g a i}t ? ch u ng yao Iu) Ch i n ese ( K o - - -

.

dr uggists us e th e c h aracters 72 E ( H u a l n) o n their sig n board s - -

to i n d i c ate th e m ore aro mat i c of th ese preparati o ns B ut a .

is not c o n fi ned to vol ati le a nd aro mati c ex tracts b u t i n cl u des ,

a n y preparatio n i n w h i ch th e e th ereal part o f th e dr u g i s

s upposed t o resi de S o so m e o f th ese preparati o n s are m ore
.

o r less fa nc i fu l w h i l e i n m ost c ases th e i r therape u ti c al appl ica

,

tio ns are based o n i m ag i n ary v irt u es Th e esse n ces fo un d .

m e n ti o ned i n th e A ppe n d ix t o th e P e n l s a o a n d w h ich are

‘

th ose m ost co m m o n l y u sed are gi ve n bel o w Th e m eth od o f

,
.

prepari n g th e aro m ati c esse nc es b y d ist i ll ati o n w as bro u gh t

fro m th e west at a co m parativel y late d ate proba bly w i th th e ,

begi n n i n g o f D u t c h or Spa n i sh co m merc i al relati o ns w i th

C h i na . The i m portati o n of foreig n per f u mes a n d esse nces i s
m e n ti o n ed as we ll as th e fa c t tha t th ese co m e pa ck ed i n bottles
,

a nd
j u gs . I t i s sai d that th ese were to be d i st i n g u i shed fro m
each oth er n o t by th e col or b ut by th e od or
, ,
.

G old a n d s i l v er E s s en ce Q ifi i ( C h i n y i n l n
, ) was d i s - -
,

til led fro m th e flowers of Lo n i cer a j apo n i c a a n d is used m ed i c ,

i n a l l y as a s to m ach i c c ar m i n at i ve a n ti febril e a n d a n t i sept i c

, , ,

re m ed y . I t is espe c i a l l y reco m m e nded i n s mal l po x -

.

E ss en ce of P epp er m i n t g g E ( Po h o l n) i s d istill ed ,
- -
,

f ro m th e fresh leaves of M e n th a arve nse a n d u sed as a car m i n ,

ati ve a nd a n t i spas mod i c I t i s said t h at t he weak sh o u ld use

.

i t spari n gly .

E s s en ce of R os e IQ fig i ( Mei k uei l n) i s m ade by dist i l l

, ,
- -
,

i n g th e flowers o f R osa r u gosa I ts m edi c i n al a c t i o n i s u po n

.

the l i ver s to m a c h a nd bl ood

, ,
I t dri ves a way m el a n ch ol y
. .
 A PP EN D I X .
485
’

f C zzr ns sh o u l n) is (
'

E s s e n ce o
‘

fi clze zr o cn r n, F o- -
,

d ist i l led fro m t h e fres h fr u i t a n d i s ,

c o n s idered a n tispas m od i c

a n d war m i n g .

E s s e n ce of C zl r n s nzeo zco 3; iii g ( H si a n g y il a n l n) d oes

' '

’
‘

7 - -
, ,

n o t d i ff e r m aterial l y fro m th e last e i t h e r i n m eth od o f prepara ,

t i o n o r m ed i c i n al u ses I t i s al so used as a t us s i c
. .

E s s e n ce of C zn n mn o n flow e r fl T EE ( K u e i h ua l u) i s ,
- -
,

d i s t i l led fro m th e flowers o f O s m a n th us fragra ns a nd i s u sed ,

a s a de od ora n t for fet i d breath i n t ootha c h e a n d as a re m ed y , ,

i n l i ver d iseases .

E s s e n ce of j a s m i n e fl ower s 3? i ] 3 ( M o li l u) is d i stil led ,

s
- -
,

fro m t h e flowers o f j as m i n u m s a m ba c a n d is c o ns id ered ,

ge n erally b e n e fi c i al to th e v is c era Prol o n ged u s e is apt t o .

prod u c e nasal catarrh .

E s s e n ce of R os a i n d i ca g 15 3
} E ( C h ia n g wei l n) i s
‘
5 -
-
, ,

bro u gh t fro m I n do C h i na J ava a n d th e M oh a mm eda n c o u n tri es

-
, , .

I ts fore i g n na m e is Ffij still é; ( A t z u c h i ) I t i s u sed as a heart “

-
‘ -
.

re m edy a nd i n th e treat m e n t o f m ela n c h ol y There 1 5 also a .

n a ti ve prod uc t wh i c h i s u sed as a war m i n g a n d a n tisept i c re m ed y .

E s s en ce of E np a l or zn nz flo w er s Ei T l
E E (
'

L a n h ua l u
) is ,
- -
,

u sed as a sti m u l a n t o n l y .

C h i a n g l n) i s war m i n g a n ti
E s s e n ce of G i ng er fi g (
"
-
, , ,

sept ic a n t i m al arial a n d ex pe c tora n t

, ,
.

P epp e r E s sen ce H } E ( C h ia o l a ) is sto m ach i c pe p ti c

,
-
, , ,

sti m ula n t a nd to n i c to t h e splee n

,
.

C lo v e E s s en ce T 5[ 5 3 ( T i n g hsia n g l u) i s w ar m i ng a n d
‘

- -
, ,

a n tispas m od i c .

E s s e n ce of P l u m flow er 125 ; Q -
( M ei l n ) is m ade of t h e -
,

fr e sh b uds o f t he fl ower a n d i s c o n s i dered c o u n ter po i so n o us i n

,
-

e pide m i c s a nd is added to w i ne to i m part a fra gra n c e

,
.

E s s e n ce of Ly ci u m cnzn e n s e r oof fi $ 1 ( K u p i l u)
'

- ‘ -
, ,

i s regarded as to n i c to th e m us c les a n d bo n es .

E s s en ce of B el ony a g ( H u o h sia n g l u) is d is t i lled

,
: - -
,

f ro m th e lea ves of Loph a n th us r u gos u s I t is a re medy i n .

s u nstrok e .

E s s en ce of a l e L ozn s flower é] T iff 735 g ( Pai h o h ua

'
‘
- -
,

l u) is a re medy i n co u gh s a n d h e m optysis
, .

E ssen ce of M n l oer ry l ea v es i fi ( Sa n g yeh l n

) i s ,
- -
,

u sed i n d iseases of th e eye a n d colds .

 4 86 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

E s s e n ce o f B r i t n e ll a
E fi; g H vul
( sia k u ts a og a r is , ' - - ‘

l u) i s u s e d i n s c rofu l o u s gla nds a n d c orrod i n g u l c ers

,
.

E s s en ce of E r i obot ry a l ea v es Ht { E Lfi 3 ( P i p a y eh l n) ,
‘
-
‘ - -
,

i s a re m edy i n c o u gh s a n d l u n g d iseases .

E s s en ce of Ch a mom i l e [fl 5 i X E E ( n c h u h ua l n) i s a
K a ,
- - -
,

sti m u la n t a n d seda ti ve i n h ead ac hes d izz i n ess a n d c ol ds , ,

.

LITC H I —§ E
E U P H OL I A ( L u n g l i ) Th i s is fo u nd
.
-
.

i n Faber s l i st
’
E ap/zo l i a i s th e sa m e as N e h e l i u m
.
p a nd th e ,

d r u g is m e n ti o n ed u n der N ep ne l i i t nz Sp ( w h i c h see ) I t is . .

probabl y no t t h e l i ch ee b u t a n al l i ed spe c ies o r varie ty, .

E X T RA CTS5 £ 5 ( Ya o k a o l e i) Th e ch ara c ter

.
- -
.

; is used eq u all y fo r a n ex tra c t a n d a plaster

E Q E also
“

m ea ns opi um ; b u t th is i s i n l i n e w i th i ts m ea n i n g o f extract .

I n pra c ti c e there is n ot m u c h d i ff ere n ce to th e C h i nese

,

be twee n a n extra c t a n d a pi l l m ass ; m a n y o f th ei r extrac ts

bei n g ad m i n i stered as pil ls H owever th ere are a fe w o f .
,

th eir extra cts si m pl e a nd c o m po u nd th at o ugh t to be m e n

, ,

t i o ned .

f 2} g ( J
G i n seng , A kao ) Th is is a sh é n -
“

E x t r a ct o én -
.

wa tery e xtract m ade by fra c t i o n al l y deco c ti n g gi nse n g i n

water a n d e v aporati n g to a pasty co nsiste ncy i n a si l ver or
,

porcel ai n v essel Th e extra c t i s ke pt i n a c losel y sealed vesse l

.

u n t i l w a n ted fo r u s e w h e n i t is c o m bi n ed w i th decoct i o n s o f
,

other dr u gs to bri ng o ut i ts to n i c a nd co nstr uc t i ve properties

, .

M arvel o u s stories are told as to h o w t h i s ex trac t saved th e l i v es

of th ose i n ex tre m is .

E x t r a ct f
o A r i s t ol ocli ia r ecu r v i l a br a é] fi E (
j j
: Pa i —
s h u ,

k a o) Th is is al so m ade by fra c t i o n al de c octi o n i n a n eart h e n

.

ware v essel I t is to n i c a n d c u rat i v e i n d iarr h oea a n d d ys e n

.

t ery .

n g s h u kao )
f
E x t r a ct
A y l i s o o
va ta é j fi g
: ( Tsa
t r a ct ,
: - -
.

Th is i s prepared by var io us wash i n gs d i ges t i ngs a nd d eco c t , ,

i ngs u n ti l a n ex tra c t i s proc u red w h i c h is to be m i xed w i th

, ,

h o ney a n d th e j u ice o f Pa c h y m a c ocos t o be tak e n as a t o n i c , ,

sto m a c h i c a n d co n str u cti ve re m ed y

, .

j g ( Sh em s h u
E x tr a ct of Gi n s eng a n a A r i s tol ocni a 925 j fi
’
“

-
,

ka o) The dr u gs a re t a ke n i n th e proporti o n o f fo ur o un ces of

.
488 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

Cocoa n u t E xt r a ct, 5( Yeh kao ) T h e n ati ves of N a m ao -

;

are sa i d to m ake a n ex t r a c t o f the c o c oa n u t s hel l w h i c h t hey ,

e m ploy as a n appl i c a tio n to r i n g wor m .

S u bs t i tu te f or G i n s e ng E x tr a ct t fi i s E? ( Ta i s hé n k a o) ,
- -
.

Th e fresh root o f A ristol oc h i a re c u rv i l a bra fro m H a n g c h o w i s

co m b i n ed wi th Pac h y m a c o c os a n d a n extr a c t mad e w h i ch is
, ,

regarded as a fa i r s u bst i t u te for gi n se n g w h e n t h e l atter c a n ,

n o t b e pro c u red .

F I C U S E R E C T A — 3{ llll Eé ( T i e n h sie n k u o)
. Th is ‘ - -
.

grows i n S ze c h u a n to t h e he i gh t of e i gh t or n i ne feet t he leaves ,

are l i ke ned to th ose o f t h e li c h ee b u t s m al l er L i ke th e F i cn s

,
.

ca r i ca ,
i t i s said to h ave n o flo wer a nd t he fr u i t i s l i ke ned to ,

th e c h erry bor n e i n th e axi ls o f t he bra nc h es a n d i s very s weet

, ,
.

I t m a y be used for t h e sa m e p ur poses as th e fr u i t o f F i cu s ca r i ca .

FI CU S R E LI G I O S A
§ jfi fij ( P u t i s h u ) 3 Th is is
-
‘ ‘
- -
. .

th e tree o f i n tel l ige n c e t he bod /

, t i d r n ni a c al led by the B u dd h ists ,

t h e B o tree u n de r th e s hade o f w hi c h B u dd ha spe n t seve n years

i n pe n a n ce . The J apa nese c al l th i s Ti l i a i n i on el i a n a It is .

n o t m e n t io n ed i n t h e P en t s a o b u t t h e [ ( n a ng cli a n f a ng pn
,
- - -

g i ves a fu l l d escri pt io n I t c o mes fro m M a ga d h a fro m t h e

.
,

or i gi na l te m ple o f B udd h is m I t is sai d n o t to sh ed i ts lea ves

.

ord i nar i l y b u t wh e n B udd h a u n der we n t th e meta m orphosis

,

( died ) ,
i t s leaves fell o ff a n d i t s bar k c h a n ged col or A bo u t a .

t h o u sa n d th ree h u n dred y ears a go t h e fi rst tree bro ugh t to ,

C h i n a c a m e by sea i n a sh i p a n d was pl a n ted a t Ca n to n i n th e

,
l

co u r t y ard o f t h e 55 i 55 ( K u a ng hsiao ss u) m o nastery

: I t is- -
.

n o t u sed i n a n y w ay m ed i c i n al l y .

GR A C I L L A R I A LI C H E N O I D E S .
—E 72 zi g ( Sh i h 1 -
h ua
ts ai ) Q u ite a n u mber o f algal pla n ts are fo u n d i n Ch i n a
‘
. .

Th is o ne i s co m m o n l y k n ow n as Cey l on m oss a nd is u sed ,

e xte ns ively i n th e E as t as foo d I t is i ncl uded i n t h e P e n tsa o

‘

u n der t he arti cl e o n Tr i coni a n es j ap on i ca I t is a de m ulce n t .

,

a n d is reco mm e n ded i n i n testi n al a nd bl adder d i fl i c u l t i es It .

is also re c o m m e nded i n j a u n d ice .

GU M A N I M I . Th i s E ast I n d ia n for m co mes fro m B or neo

-

a nd S um atra . I t is sa id t o be prod uced fro m certa i n di pter

 A PP EN D I X .
4 89

a c e o us trees I t ex udes f ro m th e tree i n a l iq u i d for m a nd

.
,

grad ual l y beco m es h ard a nd dark wi t h age W h e n fres h i t .

,

m akes a n excelle n t var n i sh D r Wi l lia m s says : T h ere is a . .

“

h ard sort fo un d i n bi g l u m ps u n der th e trees or o n th eir

, ,

tr un ks i n l arge q ua n t i ties
,
I t is m i xed w i th a softer k i n d to
.

m ake i t less bri ttle I t is bro g h t to C h i n a i n n at i v e vessels

u .
”
.

T h is is o f a reddish y el l o w c ol or fr i able a nd of a w ax y l uster , , .

I t is possi bl e th at i t i s so met i mes co n fo un ded w i th d a ni ni a r ,

a n d therefore goes by th e n a m e o f H E IE gfi] ( Pa m a y u) If - -

.

so i t i s used fo r c a u l k i n g sh i ps
,
N o o th er u s e i s give n . .

GU M E L E M I — J}§ 55 ( La ri h sia n g ) Th is i s t h e pr od uc t of
.
-
.
'

Ca n a r i u m cozn nzn n e W h i le i t is probabl y t h e sa m e as M a n i la

.

e l e mi i t i s n o t so c lear as the latter a n d i s described i n th e

, ,

P en ts a o as a black gl ue l ik e s u bsta n ce
,
I t i s u sed fo r ca u lk i n g
-
.

boats See Ca n a r i u m a n d D a mma r

. .

GU M LAG fil if H l T
? ( C h ih c h iao )
( z ii .
‘ -
,

—
£ ; ii (
5 T z ii k é ng
) Th is is
. prod u ced by th e Co c c u s la c c a o n
a spe c i es o f E ry t/ zr i n a I t i s gi ve n i n th e P en ts a o u n der i nsec t
.

prod u c ts a nd w il l n o t be furth er m e n ti o n ed h ere

,
.

H E R M O DA CTY L —E E ( Pe i : -
m u) . See F r i t i ll a r i a .

ILLIC IU M R E LI GI O S U M $2 ( Mang The .

fi rst ch ara c ter i s also wro n gly w r i tte n 8; ( M a n g ) ; b u t t h is is

“

E r i a n t/ i a s j a on i ca s
p A n oth er n a m e i s.
flji fé ( M a n g
a nd sti l l a n oth er ffl u m a ng) T h is i s a poiso n o u s pla n t
( S h -
.
,

prod u c i n g u n c o n s c i o u s n ess i n th ose w h o eat t h e leaves a nd ,

th ese are sa i d to be u sed t o destroy rats Th ere is co n siderabl e .

c o n fu s i o n i n regard t o t h e pla n t so m e w ri ters co nsid er i n g i t a n ,

h erb w h i le others say i t i s a tree or sh r u b

,
Th e leaves are .

th e par t used Th ey are e m pl oy ed as a c o u n ter poiso n

.
-
,

a n thel m i n ti c parasi ti c i de a nd a nody ne Th e deco c ti o n sh o u ld

, ,
.

n o t e n ter th e ey e b u t th e reaso n for t h is ca u ti o n i s n o t stated

, .

I P OM CE A H E D E RA C E A 4 ( C h i e n n i u .
2
‘ -

Th is is th e sa m e as P iza r é i ti s b ed er a cea I n J apa n th e C h i nese .

ter m is a ppl i ed to Con v ol v u l u s v u lg a r i s A n oth er n a m e i s a .

55; ( H e i 2 8 9 o n a c c o un t of th e col or of th e seeds

, The .
4 90 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED IC A .

h orary ch aracter fl bel o n gs to t he z od iacal co nstel lat i o n

Ta ur u s th e o x S o t h i s c h ara c ter i s used i n ste a d of 41
,
.
Li .

Sh i h C h en des c r i bes both th e bl a c k a nd th e w h i te ( 9

-

Pai c h o u) ki nds t h e l atter o f w h ic h is f req ue n tl y c u lti vated

-
‘
, ,

a nd is I om oea nil Th i s h as cord ifor m t o m e tose leaves

p . n , ,

w h il e th e black k i nd h as tr i lobed leaves B oth k i nd s bear .

a bea u ti f ul bl ue fl owe r The fr ui t w h i c h is a c aps u le i s .

, ,

athered wh i le st il l u n r i pe a n d roasted i n h o n ey to be ea te n
g as ,

a sw eet m eat I t is c al led 35 $5 (T ie n

- . w h i c h is also a ‘

n a me for S ol a nu m n igr n i n A s see n i n t h e C h i nese sh o ps .

th e seeds of t h e tw o k i n ds a re us u al ly fo u n d m i xed togeth er .

Th e i r properties are regard ed as d i ure t i c a n th el mi n ti c a nd de ,

obstr ue n t a n d th ey are pres c r i bed i n d ropsy c o nsti pat i o n to

, , ,

pro mote m e nstr u a t i o n a n d t o prod uce aborti o n Th e seed s,

.

h ave a s weet i sh a nd s u ba c r id taste a nd c o ntai n a n esse n tial o i l ,

a nd brow n p u rgat i ve resi n

,
I n th e I n d i a n P har m a c op oeia they
.
,

are reco m me n ded as a s u bsti t u te for j a l ap S everal preparatio n s .

of t h e bl ack seeds w h i c h t here go by t he n a m e of K a la d a na

, ,

are fo u nd i n I n d ia .

LIC H E N S A N D M O S S E S —So me k i nds o f th ese are .

f o u n d m e n ti o n ed i n th e P e n ts a o as bei n g u sed i n m ed ici n e

‘

O ne o f t h e m 5 75
: ( Sh
,
i h j )
u i i s fo u n d grow i ng o n th e top o f
-
,

n g ) m o u n tai n i n K wa n gt u n g
m o u n tai n s espe c i a ll y th e
, ( M e ,

for w h ich reaso n i t is c al led [a g ( M en g ti n

g T h e -

descr i pti o n is n o t very c l ear T h e pla n t ma y be a L i v er wor t. .

I t is co n sidered to be to n i c rej u ve nati n g a nd no u rish i n g ,

I ts , .

u se is reco m m e nd ed i n fevers a n d as a n exp e ctora n t .

Q 72 ( Sa n g h u a ) Q a ( - Sa n g hs ie n),
i s a l iche n or m o s s -
,

row i n g o n th e bark o f the m u lberry tree I t is c o n si dered to

g .

be stre ngth e ni ng to t h e splee n l u br i cati ng to t h e i n testi n es , ,

h e m ostati c i n n ose bleed h e m optysis a nd m e n orrh a gia a nd i s

-
, , ,

prescri bed i n co u gh s .

A n oth er fo u nd o n ol d pi n e trees is cal led Q ( A i n a

) m -
,

a n d i s s i m ilar to th e above O ne v arie ty is used by B udd h ist .

priests as food .

A n oth er m oss o f l ich e n i s k n ow n as j ; 5 55 ( T u m a ‘ -

t s u n g ) a n d i s l i ke n ed to Tr i com a n es j ap on i cu m T h e n a me
'

, .

”
mea ns earth y h orse m a n e
“
o n a c c o u n t of i ts a ppeara nce
,
It .
492 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

cal led fig 5 ( L u n g h s u ) a n d i t i s sa i d tha t w h e n H ua n gti

; -
,

as c e n ded to H eave n o n a drago n h i s m i n i sters h eld o n to th e ,

latter s m o usta c h es p u l l i n g t he m o u t a n d th ey d ropped to th e

’
, ,

earth a n d prod u ced th i s pla n t Th ere are also oth e r lege n ds i n .

th e book s referri n g to i t T h e pla n t i s st i l l c u l t i vated i n .

C h i n a for th e m a n u fact u re o f m ats Th e r ush i s co nsidered .

to be d i u ret i c c ar m i n at i ve to n i c a n d a n the l m i n t i c
,
I t is , ,
.

prescribed i n gra vel rh e u m at i s m a n d i nd i gestio n espe c ial ly

m
, , ,

th at prod uc ed by i n tes t i n al wor s O l d m ats are c o n s i dered .

t o be a good re m edy fo r s u ppress i o n o f u r i ne .

"
3? fi, $ 2 ( L u n g ch a n g ts ao ) is a gra m i n eo u s pla n t gro w-
‘ ‘
e -

i n g by r i ver s i des I t h as a sal ty taste a n d i s u sed i n r h e u m a t

.
,

i sm .

5 6] E jg ( K o u we i ts ao ) i s a gra m i n eo us weed fo u n d
“ ‘
- -

grow i n g i n gra i n fi elds A n oth er n a m e i s ( Y u) .I t m a y be .

S eta r i a v i r i d i s as t h e latter C h i n ese n a me is appl i ed t o th is

,

pla n t at Pek i n g wh ere i t grows p le n ti fu l ly

,
O r i t m a y be .
,

S eta r i a g l a u ca a s H e n ry th o u gh t to i d e n ti fy [ ( o n w ei —ts a o i n
,
-
‘

H u pe h I t i s u sed as a de c o c t i o n i n diseases o f the ey e s uc h

.
,

as s wel l i n g o f th e l ids tr i c h i as i s e n trop i u m h ordeol u m a n d , , , ,

th e l i ke .

i fig
f , ( K o t e n g t z u
)
‘
Th e pla
- n t i s a‘
creep er grow
- i n g .

i n t h e so u th o f th e K u a n g prov i n c es I ts fr u i t ri pe n s o n c e i n .

th ree y ears th e po d be i ng s a c shaped a n d t h e se e ds abo u t t h e

,
-
,

size o f a he n s egg p u rp l i sh bla c k o n th e o u ts i de a n d l ustro u s

’
,
-
,
.

Th e ker nel i s u sed i n m ed i c i n e i n t h e treat m e n t o f h e m o r ,

rh o i d s d yse n tery a n d as a ge n eral c o u n ter poiso n

, ,
Th e seed is -
.

”
also c al led gig I}: ( Hsia n g t ou) e lep h a n t bea n i n re fere n ce -
,
“ -
,

to its s i z e .

n s ev i de n tl y a l eg u m i n o us
fa i ( V ii ch i h t zfi
) Th is i - -
.

pl a n t th e pods rese m bl i n g th ose o f Gy m n ocl a d u s a n d t h e

, ,

bea n s be i n g a v ery d a rk red B oth th e seeds a n d th e root a re

‘

u sed i n m ed i c i n e t he for m er as a n a n th el m i n t i c to n i c d i uret i c

, , , ,

a n d prophy lacti c re m ed y It is d i re c ted to be u sed i n e p i d e m .

i cs a n d local ly i n al l sorts o f b i tes a n d s ti n gs

,
Th e root is .

regarded as a sovere i g n re m ed y i n the K i t po i so n .

is if ; ( H a g h a ) {E {ii ? ( La n g po tz il) Th i s i s a
5
“
u n u n -
,
- -
.

leg u m i n o u s pla n t wh i c h gro ws i n Szec h u a n The fi rst n a m e .

see m s to re fer to t he root a nd t h e se c o n d to th e seeds T he .

 A PP END I X .
493

des c ri pti o n i s n o t at al l clear Th e H n a ng — li i za n is n o n .

po iso n o u s a n d i s c o ns ide red to be a n t i fe b r i l e a nd c o u n ter

,

poiso n . I t is als o d i u ret i c a n d i s pres c r i bed i n d ropsy a nd ,

al so i n pr ofuse expe c tora t i o n Th e L a ng p o te /t is po iso n o u s .

- -

( e m eti c ) a nd is o n l y u sed exter n al l y i n paras i t i c S k i n d i seases

, .

I t i s sa i d to be abl e to po iso n fi sh .

jgi ( N u wei
) L -
i S h i h C h e n d e fi n i tel y sa ys th at t h is is
.
-

n o t P ol g o n a t u m w zlg a r e There is n o descr i pti o n h owever

y .
, ,

ex c ep t to say th a t t h e pla n t i s a c l i m ber I n th e I mp er i a l .

E n cy cl op ed i a t here is a fi g u re o f t he pla n t w h i ch S h ows i t to ,

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pe n n i for m e n t i re ac u m i n ate al m os t sess i l e leaves

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to rese m bl e Vi ti s s er i a n wf ol i a T h e stal k i s u sed m ed i c i nal l y .

fo r d y se n tery a n d as a d i gestive ; also i n c h olera colds flat u , ,

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ts a o t o H y d r opy r a m s e t a r i a The fi rst C h ara c ter i s used fo r .

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th e gra i n is us ed fo r food a n d i ts q ua l i t i es are n o t d i ff ere n t ,

fro m t h ose o f ord i n ary r ice .

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t h at h ave a bi tter taste O thers say th at h e i s very m u ch .

m istake n as th i s is a d ist i n ct k i n d
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w or m s c h ro n i c u lcers paras i ti c sk i n d iseases a n d j a u nd ic e are

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a n d th e v i n e i n lepro us sore s a n d fav us i n c h i ldre n .

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ch ar a c ter m i gh t i n d i c ate b u t t hi s c haracter re fers to t he ,

droopi ng n at u re of t he flo wers Th e tree gro ws i n m a n y .

 494 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

places i n Ch i na b u t h as n o t ye t bee n i de n ti fi ed by its C h i n ese

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w al n u t is also so m eti m es cal led Cna n s s n It is co u n ter - .

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U N I D E N T I FI E D D R U G S — Th e fol l ow i ng pl a n ts a n d
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 I NDEX OF C H I NE S E N AM E S .
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la s i oc a ul a

E ch i n p p h a l a tli y r i s
o s s ro c e
p h a l us
E cl p t l b
i a a a
l un ul a ta

Eh ti re t a s e rr a a p a l us t rl s
E l ae g n u 1 g p
a s 0 11 1
p es p k
e i ne n s is

E la z
o c o c c a co rd a t a p l l u l i fer a
V C I I U C OS Z
‘ ‘
.
b l
S i e o d i a na
E l a t o s t e m m a u m e a t um b ll Eu l
y a e f e ro x
r

El e o c h a r i s tu e ro s u s b E u xo l u s
E ls h l t o z ia E xi d i a
c r1s t a t a a u ric u a l j ud a
El e tta r i a ca rd a mo mn m E vod ia r u t ze ca r p a
54 4 C H I N ES E M A TE R I A M E D fll h
'

H e r p e s t r i s m o n n ie r a 3 38 In s o x p e t a la

H 1 b i s c us 1 63 s i b 1 ric a

es c u e nt u s l 2 05 t ec t o r u m
ma ni h o t 2 05 I s a ti s j a p on i c a

m u ta b i l is 2 14 t i n c to r i a
r os a s i n e n s i s 20 6 I xia 0 11 1 11 0 1 1 5 15

s y ri a c us 2 06 I xo r a s
p
H i e r o c h l oe b o rea li s 20 7

H 1 r 11 e 0 1a 2 07

p o l y t r i ch a 701 J .

H i p p u r is 2 76
J as m i nu m flo r i d u m
H o rd e u m vu lg a re 2 07

H o ve m a d u l ci s 272
g ra 11 d 1 fi o r u m
n u d ifi o rum
H o u t t u y n ia c o rd a t a 2 08
o fii c i u a l e
H um ul us j a
p o ni c u s 2 09
sa mb a c 84, 1 0 5,
H yd num 274
s 1 e b 0 1d i a nu m
H y d no c a r p u s v e n e u a t us 20 1

H y d ra n g e a
J a t ro
pli a j a uiph a
4 63
J l
ug a n s r e g i a
H v d ro c h a r i s 260
S l e b old i a na
m ors u s ra n m 2 10
J u ncus b lt a i c us
H y d r o c o ty le a s ia tica 210
c o m m u n is
H y d rO p y ru m l a t i fo l i um 210
e ff u s u s
s et ari a 493
H y n o s cy a m u s 1 46
c h inensis
n i ger 9, I 46 , 2II 1 3 7 51 3 99 ~ 4 1 3
v e ri cu m 3 42
c h i ne n s e 21 1

H ypom s a u re a 2 12

K a d s u r a c h i n e ns i s
c o r n ut a
j a p o ni c a
i nt egr a
K ae m p fe n a l
g a a n ga
p e d u n cu lo sa
p u u d u ra t a
1 111 0 1 11 n1 a n i s a t u m Ke r ri a j ap o ni c a
re l igi o um s
K och ia s c o pa r i a
I m p a t i e ns b l min
a sa a
K l oe r e u t e r i a pa n i cu a ta l
I m p erat a a r u n d i n a ce a
K y l l i ng i a mo no c e p h a l a
I n c a r v i l l a S i ne n s i s
I n d i go f era
q la

L a c t uc a

a l b i flo r a

I p o m oe a d e ln l i s
d e nt ic u l a ta

s a t i va

s qu a rr o s a

s t o lo m f e ra
I r is e ns a t a L a gi u a r i a vul
ga n s
flo 1 e 11 t i n a La u n u a n a
 I N DEX OF BO T AN I C A L T ERM S .

L a m i n a i s a cc h a r i na
r a 24 L o ra nth u s k aem p feri
L m ium a l b um
a 1 54 y a d or 1 k i
L a m p s a n a a p o go no i d es 23 1 L otu s l
c o r ni c u a t u s

L a t h y ru s d a v i d i i 231 Lu fi a c y l i n d r i ca
m a ri t unus 2 3 2 , 2 97 , 4 54 L u i s i a t e r es
L u rus c u b e l a
a 1 44 Ly ch nis

L a wso ni a a l b a 21 5, 2 32 , 233 g ra n d iflo ra

L e cyth i s 42 7
L em n a 24 1 , 2 60, 2 66 c h i n e ns e

mi n o r 2 34 , 2 41 ,
266 Ly cop erd o n
L eo n u rus 4 52 Ly co p ersi c um esc ule nt um
ma c ra nth us 235 Ly cop od i um
si bi r i c us 235 c e r n uu m
L ep i d i um p et raeum 1 55 c l a va t u m

Le pto gi u m f u l i gi nos um 31 1 j a p oni c um

L es pe d ez a j u n c ea 221 s i eb o l d i

L euc o th oe gra ya na 236 Ly c o p s u s l u c i d us

Le v i st i cum 1 33 L y c o r i s ra d i a t a
L i g us t i c u m 1 33 Ly s i ch i tum c a m tsc h a tens e
s i ne n s e 2 86 Ly s i ma ch i a
e l e u t h e ro i d es
L i gu s t ru m 2 38

i bota 238 , 2 39 f oe n um graec u m

l uc i d um 2 13 , 2 36 , 2 3 8 k k
s i o i a na

L i l i um b ro wni i 2 40

c o nc o o r l 2 40

t i g ri num 2 40

L i m na nt h e m u m 2 60 M a b a e b enos 1 53 . 2 53

n y mp h o i d es 2 41 M a c h ro p h y l l a I
31S
l
pe t a t um 241 M a cro c 1i n i d i u m vert i ci ll at um 2 53 , 3 6 2

L i nd e ra gl a uca 241 M ee sa d o r aena 2 53

se ri c e a 2 42 M a g no l i a I 7S
s tr y c h ni f ol i a 1 4 5, 2 4 2 2 54

t z um u 2 42 2 54

L i num 4 04 1 01 , 2 54

2 42 2 54
p er enn e
s at i v u m 2 43 2 56

u si t a t i ss i mum 2 09 , 2 4 3 pu l ch e l l a 2 56

Li th o s per mum offi c i nal e 2 45 s y l v es t r i s 2 56

L i t se a gl a u c a 2 46 v ert i c i ll at a 2 56

L i q ui d mb a r a l t i ng i a na
a 2 43 M a nd ra go r a 2 57 , 3 70
f o rm o s a n a 2 44 , 2 45 M a ngif e ra i nd i c a 2 59 : 428
( t l
o r i en a e ) 5 M l a r ea p l a n ta n i f ol i a 2 59

o ri ent ali s 2 43 M a rs i l i a 234

L o be l i a 2 85 7 )
qu a d r if o l ia 2 1 0 , 2 60 , 393
i nfla t a 2 83 M a t ri c r i
a a i nd i c a 2 60

r a d i c a ns 2 46 M ed i goca d en ti c ul a ta 2 60

L oni cera j a p o n i c a 2 46 l u p u l i na 2 60

Lo rn ri a j a p o n i c a
a 56 , 2 82 s at i va 2 60

Lo p h a nth u s rugo s us 2 47 M e l a mp y r um 3 93
Lo p h t h er u m e l a t u m
a 2 47 M e l a nt h i u m c oc h i nch i nes e 56
L ora nth u s 1 6 3 , 24 7 , 4 56 M el i ss a o fii c i na l i s 1 1 5
54 6 C H I N E S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

M el ia a z e d a ra c h N e p h e l 1 u n1 sp . 2 82 , 485
t o o se n d a n l a p a cu m 2 81
M el i l o tu s a rv e n s i s l i tc h i 2 81

M e m s p e r m u m d a u r i c u n: l ng n
o a a 3 5, 2 82

M e nt h a a r v e n s i s N e p h ro d i u rn 460
p i p eri ta 11 1 1 1: m a s 56 , 2 82 ,
291 , 460
M e ny a n t h u s t r i f o i a t a l 3 78
M e rc u r i a h s l e i o c a r p a 2 85

M e t a p l e xi s s t a u n t o n i i b acu m ta
M ich e 11 a 011 3 11 1 pa c a N t 1 ch obe i
1 ra r a s r

M i m os a a rb o rea No t c d u l
s o e e

M i ra b i l i s j a l a p a N th m y n i m j p
o os r u a o nic u m
M o mo r d i c a N ph j p ni m
u ar a o cu

c h a ra n t i a N y t nt h
c a b ti es a r or r s tis

co c h i n c h i ne n s is N y m ph ae t t g n a e ra o a

M O 11 c o c h o r i a h a s t a t a
k o rs a k o w i i
v a gi na li s

M o roe a c h i n e n s i s
O c i nu m b asi li cu m
hd o r u s
( E c oe o c l a d e s f a l c a ta 2 89

a lb a
( E n a n th e s to lo m f e ra 4 2 , 2 7 8 , 2 89 , 3 20
i nd i c a
Ol ea a
q u i fo l i a 2 91

f ra g r a n s 1 08 , 2 9 6
Mo l s a gro ss e s e r ra t a
l l
a n ceo a t a
On cl o ea 46 0
o r i en ta l is 56 , 2 82 291
p u n c t a ta
,

M u c u na c a p i ta ta
O ph i o p o go n j a p o n i ca 291

M u l g e d mm
s
p i c a tu s 2 91

s 1 b ir i a c u m Op o pa nax 41
Op u n t 1 a fi c u s 29 1
M u s a p ara d i s i c a
m O ri g a n u m vu lg a re 3 93
sa
p i e nt u
M usc i O ri th i a ed u l is 292

M y l a b ri s c i c h o r ii
O ix j
r a a p o n ic a 292

M y r i c a r u b ra
-
O ob n
r a ch e 61
a mm o ph y l a 2 93
M y r i o g y n e m i n u ta
M y ri op h y l l u m
Oy r ti
za sa va 2 94

S p i c a tum
O m nt h u
s a s f r a g ra n s 1 08 , 2 3 2

M y ri s t ic a m o s c h a t a
Os mu n d a 1 73 , 2 83 , 2 97 , 3 60
re ga li s

O xa l i s c o r ni c u l t a a

N a n d i na d o m e s t i c a I? .

N c i u t ett
ar ss s az a P a ch y ma 00 005 3 5, 1 6 3 , 1 80 , 2 9 8 ,

N d o t c h y s j a t a m a ns i
ar s a P a ch y rh i z us

N a s t ur t 1 u m t h u n b e rg i a n us

pa lu t s re P aed e r ia f oet i d a
N l
a u c ea ga mbi r P azo n i a a l b i flo ra

S i n e ns i s m o u ta n
N e l u mb i u m o fii c i n a l i s
s p e c i os u m P l i u us
a r ra m o s 1s s i m u s
N e pc t a
g l ec h o ma P n x
a a

t e n u l fo l i a
g i n s e ng
54 8 C H I NE SE M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

P o l ygo num o r i en ta l e 3 40 P y r us b a c c a t a
p ers i c a ri a 3 41 , 3 44 , 3 9 6 b et ul ae fo l i a

t i n c to r i um 3 44 c a t h a y e ns i s

P o l yp o d i u m b a rom etz 3 44 c h i n e n s is

f o r t u n ei 3 45 c om m u n i s

l i ne a re 3 46 c y d o nl a

l i ng u a 3 46 j a p o ni ca

Pop ul us a lb a 3 46 m a l us
b l ami fera
a s 3 47 S i n e ns is
s u e l e ns
a v o 3 46 s p ect a b i l is
P o r p h y r a c oc ci n e a 3 47 t o m en t os a
P c r tu l a cc a o l e ra cea 3 47
P o ta moget o n 24, 1 50 , 2 76 , 3 48
OXy 11 1111 5 3 48

Po te nt i ll a
po b gi
r o i fo l i u s 3 48
Q ue rcus
a c ut a
36 6
e ni a
c r y p to t a 3 48
d i s co l or
a l ien a 3 67
3 48
c o r n ea 23
wa ll i ch i a na 3 49
c us p i d a ta
P o te ri um ofii c i nal e 36 7
3 49 , 3 9 4
d e n ta ta 366
s a n gu i so r ba 3 49
P rem n a vu lg a ri s 3 53 g l a u ca
3 66
P roso p i s 1 89 l
s c e r op h y ll a 2 3 8 , 3 66

P run el l a l ga ri s s e rr a t a 366
vu 7 5, 3 53
S i n e ns i s 366
P r unus 1 3 1 , 49 4

m e n i a ca Q ui s q u a l i s i n d i ca
ar 3 53
c o m mu n i s 3 54
j a p o ni ca 1 26, 2 27 , 3 55
m u me 3 55 R a nu n c u l us sp . 2 90 , 3 70
p ers i ca 3 56 a c ri s 3 70
p se u d o -c e r as u s
3 58 s c l e ra t u s 2 90 , 3 7 0, 4 55
s
pi nu lo sa 3 58 Ra ph a nu s 3 84
t o m en to s a 3 58 s a t i v us 3 70
t r i flo r a 3 58 R e h ma n ni a g ut i n osa l 1 50 , 371
P so ra l ea c o ry l i fo l i a 3 59 R k
e i n e c i a c a rn ea 372
P t a rm i ca s i b i ric a R h a m nu s a rg u t a 3 73
P ter i s c h l o r o p h o rus 3 73
a
q u a l i na j a p o n i ca 3 73
e s c ul e n t a t i n c t or i us 3 73
P t ero ca rp us fla v us v i rg a t a 3 73
i nd i c us R h eum o fli c i n l a e 3 74
s a nt a l i nu s p l m t uma a 3 74
P tero ca ry a s t en opt era rh ap o n t i cu m 3 74
P u era ri a R h o d o d e n d ro n 376
P u l s t i ll a
a d a uri c u m 3 75
P un i c a g a n a t u m
r f o r t un e i 3 76
P a pa l ia i n d i c um 361 , 375
P y c no s te l ma c h i nens i s l a u c a n t h um 3 75
P y g maea m ett e r n i c h i i 3 76
P y o l a m ed i a
r s i n e ns e 1 46 , 3 7 5, 3 8 1
r o t un d i f o l i a s u bl a n c e ol a t u m 375
M
R h o d y rneni a 24
 I N DEX OF BO T A N I C A L T ERM S .

R h i z oph ora m a ng le 2 58 Sa l v i ni a n a t a n s

Rh us vu lg ar s i 3 93
se mia l a ta Sa m b u cu s ch m e ns i s
s u c c e d a n ea j av a n i c a
39 3
t o xi co d e nd ro n rac e mo s a 3 93
v e r n i c i f e ra 377 bold i n s ie a a
3 93
R h y nc h o s i a l bil is
vo u 3 78 t h u n b gi n er a a
3 93
m u m j a smi noi d es Sa n gu i s o b ofl i ci n l is
R h y n c h osp er 3 78 r a a 3 94
R i ch a rd i a a fri c a n a 29 Sa nt l u m a lb u m a

R i c i n us co m m un i s S a p i n d u s m u k o ro ss i
b
R o i ni a a m ara 41 4 S a p o na r i a i n d i c a 396
R osa a nem o n aeflo ra 3 80 S a r ga s s u n1 276

b nka si a si l i qu a s t ru m
i nd i c a 3 80 S a u r u ru s l o u r e u i 3 96
l mv i g a t a 3 80 S a x i f ra ga sar m e nt o sa 3 97
m ul t i flo ra 3 80 S ca p h i um s c a p h ig er u m 3 97
r ugos a 3 81 S c h i z a n d ra c h i nens is

se m p e r v i r ens 3 80 n i g ra 3 98
R os m a ri n u s o fii c i n a l i s 381 S ci ll a m a r i t i ma 1 31
R o t t l e ra j a p on i c a S c i r p us c y p e r i n us
3 98
R ubi a 2 50 m a ri t i m us 1 41
co r d i fo l i a 381 tu b er o s us
3 99
Ru b u s b u e ger i 3 83 S co p o i a l j a
po n i c a
c or e a n u s 3 83 S c rop h u l a ria
3 03
c o ro n a r i u s 382 o ldh a mi 4 00
i c h a n ge n s i s 3 83 S c ut e ll a ria m ac r a n th a 4 00
Ru b us i nc i s u s 382 v i sc i d u l a
4 00
l
p a r v i fo i u s 3 83 S e d um sp .
4 02
b
t h u n e rg i i 3 83 a l b o r os e u m 40 1
to kk u ra 383 e ry t h ro s t i c u m 401
t r i fi d us 3 83 l i ne a re
40 1
R u me x Se l a gi n e ll a i n v o l e ns 402
a c e tos a 3 84 S el i num
a qu a t i c us 3 84 m o n ni er i
c r i s p us S e m p e r v i r u m t e c t or u m 40 1
R u ta g ra ve o l e ns S e n e0 10 c a m p es t r i s 40 3
p a l m at u s 40 3
s c a n d e ns
403
S eptas r epe ns
338
S a cch a r um ofl m
i c i na r u 3 86 S er i s s a f oet i d a 4 04
s a c c h a ra t u m 41 6 S esa m u m 4 04
S a gi n a m a xi m a 3 7 8 . 3 88 4 1 2 4 r3. .
i nd i c um 404
S a g i t t a r i a s a gi t ti fo l i a 3 89 S e s i l i l i b a n o t 1s 405
S a gu e r u s r u m p h i i 3 89 S e t a ri a g l auca
49 2
S a gu s r u m p h i i 3 89 l
i ta i c a
Sa isl b u r i d i nt i fo l i a
a a a 3 90 g l uti nos a 3 0 5, 4 0 6
l b b y l ni c a
S a ix a o 39! vi r i d is

p u r p u re a 391 Sh o rea ro bust a

4 06
Sa l vi a j a p on i c a
3 92 S i e gs b e c k i a o r i e nt a l is 40 7
m u l t i o rr h i z a 392 Si l n p ic
e e a r a 2 16

p l eb i a S i l e r d 1 v a i c a t um r
550 C H I NE S E M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

S ina p is 4 08 S t r y c h n o s p h i i p p i n e ns i s l
a lb a 408 S t y ra x b e n z o m
i n t e g r ifo i a l 408 Symp l oco s p ru n i f o i a l
j unc ea 4 08
n i g ra 4 08
S i p h o n o s t e gi a 1 6 0 , 40 9
c h i ne n s i s 4 08 , 4 0 9 , 4 1 4 T m
a a r i nd u s i nd ic a 42 8
S is ym b ri u m 2 8 , 1 55, 4 3 2 Ta m a ri x ch i n e n s i s 4 28
soph ia 40 9 m a n na 2 59

k
S i mm i a f o r t u n e i 40 9 T a n a c e t u m c h i n e ns e 52 , 4 2 8
j a po n1 c a 4 09 Ta n a r i u s m a j o r 428
r ee v e s i a n a 4 09 Ta ra xa cu m o ffi c i n a l i s 42 9
S mi l ax 2 99 Ta xo d i um h e t e rop h y ll um 1 96 , 4 2 9
c h i na 409 , 4 1 0 Te c h o m a gr a n d I fl o r a 3 84 , 4 2 9
l
p ro i f e ra 411 Te n er I u m s t o l o n i fe r u m 3 93 , 4 2 9
p s e u d o -
c h i na 2 98, 4 10 Ter m i n a h a b e ll e r i c a 430
Si nens i s 41 1 bul
ch e a 3 7 , 430
So j a h i s p i o la 1 89 , 4 1 1 Th l i c t
a r um f l i l o um o os 4 3> I
S o l a n u m d u l c a m a r a 3 84 , 4 1 u b e ll u m
‘

1 , 41 2 , 41 3 r I 4 , 4 SI
ly ra t u m 3 88 4 1 2
, 4 2> I
m el o n ge n a 41 2 a ss a m i ca 82
ni gr um 59 , 3 88 , 4 1 2 4 1 3 , b oh ea 82
t u b e r o s um 41 3 S l n e n s is 82
l
S o i d a go V i rgo -a u re a 41 3 v i ri d is 82
S o nc h u s 1 07 ,
2 30 Th e r m o p s i s f a b a ce a 431
l
o e r a c e us 82 , Th l a d l a n t h a d u i a b 431
S O p lI o r a 57 Th l as
pi a r v e ns e 432
a n g u s t i fo li a 41 4 Th u j a o r1 e n ta l i s 1 38 , 2 2 5. 43 2
fla v e s c e n s 201 ,
263 , 3 12 , 41 4 Ti l i a 3 03
j a p o n i ca 309, c h i n ens i s 433
k ro neI 41 4 m i q u e l i a na 432 . 488
S o rgh u m s a cc h a r a t u m 3 86 , 41 6 T r a c h yc ar
p us 1 02

vu lg a re 416 exc e s a l 4 40
S p a ra ss i s 271 Tr a c h y l o s p e r m u m j as m i no id e s 4 40
S p h oer o c o c c u s 24 T ra p a b i c or m s 2 10

S p m a c ea l
o e r a c ea 41 7 b i s p m os a 4 40
S p m if e x s q u a ro s i s 47 n a t a ns 4 40 , 4 4 1
S po n d ias a m a ra 42 1 , 318 Tr e m a l l a l e s 272

du l cis 42 1 T i bul u
r s t e rr e s t r i s 44I
S t a c h ys a s p er a 42 2 qu d i f li
Tr i c e rc a n d ra a r o a 1 05

S Ieb o l d i 2 59 , 42 2 T i h om n s j p ni c
r c a e a o a 4 88
tu be r i fe ra
42 2 T i os n t h e j p n i
r c a s a o ca 44 I
S te ll a ri a a
q ua tl c a 423 k i i l wi i r o 44 I
S te mo na t u b e r o sa 42 2 mul t i l ba o 44I
S t e p h an i a h e r n a n d i f ol ia 1 20 p l m t a a a 4 42
S te r cu i a l l an c eo a ta l 3 64 T i f l i um gi g n t um
r o a e 2 60

p l a t a n i fo l i a 1 56 , 4 2 3 T i g n e ll f n u m g e i m
r o a oe -
ra c l 44 2
S t i l l m gi a seb e ra 23 , 42 3 T i g n t i p d u n u l is
r o o s e c ar 1 6 5, 44 2
S t r o p h a n t h us 1 1 T i ll d u m j p n i c u m
r i 1 a o 4 43
S t ry c h n o s I g n a t i a 425 T i n yx S i n n i
r o e s s 35
n u x- v o m i c a T i ph 1 f li t 1 16
425 r a si a r1 o a a
 ENGLI SH IN DEX .

B l ey
ar

s p ro uts
A b in
r
s u ga r
A c o n i te 7 et seq
Ra t o o s c a m p h or
.

A c o n i t i ne B as t a r d c a r d a mom
A ns
cor
c h e rr y
A fi o um
1 )
G i n se ng
A fio u n
B a t oo
A ga l l o c h u m
B d el l i u m
A ga r-a g a r
B e n c ur d
a
A gi l a wo o d
f ermen t
A g nu s S c y th i c us
oi l
A gu r
re l ish
A gu ru so y
Al ge s p ro ut
A l m o nd s B eet
A l o es B el gu a m
A l o es woo d-

B et el c h e w i ng
A m a ra n th le af
Am la a
nu t
A m b er
A m b e rg i n e
B i rch t e e wh i te r ,

A mb g i s er r
B i t h roo t
r

B i t te ee d ed c a rd a mo m
r- s
Am ra
B l c kb e y
a rr
Am it r a
B l a c k c te ch u a
A n g l i c a t ree
e
B 0 tree
A ni m i B o a -t a m -p a na ng
A n i se ed
A p i co t
r
B od h i s eed

B od h i d ru m a
A qra
B heo a
A p pl e B o n o c mp h or
r e a
A c n ut
re a
B o xw o d o
A r ec p l m a a
B e d f ui t
r a r
A ck
r ra
B i s
r er r o e
A o w p o is o n
rr -
B i nj l
r a
A rro w-r o o t
B d be n
r oa a
A s pe n
As B u c k wh e t a
s a foe t i d a
B u d d h s fi ngers a
’

Att a r o f ro s es
B u k k u m wood
A ya l ur c h ee
Bu rd o c k
A z e d a ra ch
Bu rnet

B ungt a l i
f r ui ts
554 CH I N E SE M A T E RI A ME DI C A .

C a c t us C oc o anut
C a anj C o ir p l m a

C a k es C n ge e
o

C a a l m nd er woo d
a C o l i e o ra nge
o

C a a l mb a c C op l a

C a n d l e n u t t re e C o ra m a n d e l wo od
C a n to n o ra ng e C o i nd er
r a

Ca o u t ch o u c C os m e t i c p o m ad e

C a p oo r c u t ch e ry C o t t o n p l a nt
Ca mbol a
ra t re e
C a r d a mo m s ee d o i l

b a st a rd Co r i a n d er

b i t t e r s e e d ed
- C o w t re e
m l b r
a a a C ra b -a p p l e
ov o i d C h i n a C ra n es b i l l
r o u nd o r c l us t er
,
C o s n es
r

C r ro t
a C ro t i n
C s tor o i l
a

C s v
as a a

C t ech i n
a D ah l
C t ec h u
a D a mm r a

C tt c amb u
a a- D a te p l m a

C l e ry
e D tu r a
a

C ey l o n mo ss D ec o c t i o ns
C h mo m i l
a e D e l p h i n i ne
C h nd na a a D ew o f r os es

C h c l v eget bl e
a r oa ,
a D ext o s e r

Ch l of
a aza ra nge o D h t ura
a

C h u l mugra
a D i gi t l i a s

Ch t ea s D i ti ll ed sp m ts
s

Ch y err D ck
o

C h t nu t
es D o d d er
C h i a k et D og wood
Ch i o c ry D r go n s bl o o d
a
’

Ch in a roo t D r g n b t F e tiv l
a o - oa s a

C h i ne se ga ll s D ri e d m o s s

go o s e b er ry

h emp
o li ve

s t ra w be rr y

t u rm e r i c
556 C H I N E SE M A T ER I A M ED I C A .

L a c q uer
L a o p ng
a

La p h u g
L u re l camp h or
a

L a ve r
L ea v e n
L ebo nah
L eek
Lemo n
L i a ne v ermi fuge
L i c h ee o r l i c h i
Li c h ens
L i co ri c e root
Li me
L i q ui d a mb ar res i n
-

L i q uid s to ra x
L i gn a l o e s
L i v e rwort
L ob a c
Lo b i m
L c l ne st h es i a
o a a

L o n g p ep p er
L o qu t a

L o t us N ac k ed b ar l ey
L u n g n o r l u ngy en
a , N a nm u
L y c o p o d i u m s p o es
r N ec t i ne
ar

N e e ra d i m oot oo
N l
et t e

M a ce N ga h c a mp h o r
M a d d er N i gh t bl o o m i ng j a smi ne
- -

M a i l a ngn a u Ni m
M a l e fern N i t ge n o u s f o od s
ro

M alt N ut meg
M a n d ara o ra n g e

M a n d a r i n o r a nge
M a nd j u c h ak a
M a n go O ats
M a rg o s a Oil of ca mp h o r
M a n go -wo od j as m i ne
M a ng r o v e b a r k m y rrh
M a nh e a d t ea s ta r a n i se

M a n na s u n flo wer

M aple
M a r i go l d
M a rk i n t arga n
 E NG L I SH I N DEX .
557

R a d i sh

R gg i
a

R a k t a tc h a n d a n a
R an
g oo n c re e p e r

R a pe

P k e k i d ng
a o a

P l
a e ca et ch u
R asp b e r ry

R a s s a m a la
P l my p l m
a ra a
Ra w s u ga r
P ni g
a c ra ss

P ni c l e d m i ll t
a e
R d b ud
e

Re d s a u n d e rs
P p w
a a

P a tch a k
R ed e s

P a s t ry
R fi n e d s ug
e ar

P e a ch
R m k bl
e ar a e d r ug s

P e a nu t
R in es

Pe ar
R h ub b ar

P ea s
Ri c e

P e ep l a -m o o l Ri h k s a

P e n g h a wa r d j a mbi
R c m lh
o a- a a

R o c a m a b ol e
P e p pe r

P e p p er mi nt
R ck nd
o ca y

P e rs i m m o n
R m l o es
ose a

P e t a rk u ra
R m y ose ar

P i ge on p ea
Rut b g a a a

P 1 113
R us h l m p , a

Pu 1 a ng

Pin e

Pin e n ut

Pi p a

P i p pal a
Pi t fl x a- a

Pl n t i n
a a

Pl t s a s er

Pl u m
P m g n t
o e ra a e
S a nd a ra c

P o m p l m oos e e S a p gre e n
P pl o ar
S a p pa n woo d

P o u ngta ra i
Se a wee d -

P o wd s er
S e d ge

P i d of I n d i
r e a
S en na
P s u d n i ti n
e aco e
Sh ad d oc k
P uff b ll a
Sh a ll ot

S h ep h e r d
’
Pumpk i n s p u rs e
Pum l e o
S I b a r ga
Pu s l n r a e
S k u ll c ap

P ut h u k c
S no w t ea
S n ufl
S o a p t re e
Q u i nc e Soi n
 558 C H I NE S E M A T E R I A M ED I C A ”
.
5p .

S o rr e l T o u c h m no t - e-
S oo t T cl
re a e
S o u t h e rn -wo od
T m el on
re e
S oy be an
1 1 p CE O Il y
S pa ni s h l
n e ed e s Ts e i n - a p h o t a ro u
p
-

S p id ’
ers - wo r t Ts j a m p a c
Sp ik ed m i ll e t T u m bl e we e d
S pik e na r d
Tu ni p
r
S p i na c h Tu r u m 1 c
Sp irit of fe n n e l Tu r up
S p i r 1ts
q
S ua s h
q
S u a w ro o t Ud u m b a r a
S qui l l U n i d e nt i fi e d D r ug s
S t J o h n s wo r t
.
’
U n i v ers a l Pl a s te r B a s is
S t a r-a n i s e ,
S t ea m e d ca ke s 3 .

S to r a x V eg t bl e t l l o w
e a a

S ug a r c a ne V i n eg r a

S uk m i l V etti la
S u m m e r g ra s s wi n t e r - wo r m
-

S u n flo we r
S we e t -fla g W l n ut
a

S w e et m ea ts W mp e
a e

S we e t p o t a to W te
a r av ens

c h e s t n ut

me lo n
T b
a a sh e e r
l
p a n ta i n
Ta i l a p a r ui W h i te b i rc h

T ll w t
a o re e
Wh i t g e o ur d

T ll w get a bl
a o ve e
Wi ld g ra
pe
l ek
,

T m i nd
a ar
e

T m ix m nn
a ar a a

T ng i n
a er e

T p g
a e ra s s

T a ra

T s
a re

T a ro

Ta y ) ’

Tc h a m p a k a
Te a