Definition of Terms

The following terminologies used clearly in this study are hereby defined in this section

conceptually and operationally.

Bankruptcy. It refers to a legal proceeding involving a person or business that is unable

to repay its outstanding debts. The bankruptcy process begins with a petition filed by the debtor,

which is most common, or on behalf of creditors, which is less common. All of the

debtor's assets are measured and evaluated, and the assets may be used to repay a portion of the

outstanding debt. (Tuovila, 2021)

Entrepreneurs. This term refers to an individual who creates a new business, bearing

most of the risks and enjoying most of the rewards .  (Hayes, 2021)

As used in the study, this refers to a person who owns the sari-sari stores. They are the

one who organizes and operates a business, taking on greater than the normal financial risk to do

so.

Kirana Shop. Kirana stores are local shops in the neighborhood that supply items of

daily use such as groceries, tobacco, cleaning items, etc.

Retailer. This refers to a retailer or merchant, it is an entity that sells goods such as

clothing, groceries, or cars directly to consumers through various distribution channels with the

goal of earning a profit. This merchant can operate in a physical building or online. (Hudson,

2020)

Sari-sari store. It is a small retail store, often family-owned and runs, that carries a

variety of basic goods, hence the name “sari-sari” which means “an assortment”. (Perez, 2022)
 This term, as used in the study, refers to entrepreneurship that is owned by the

respondents of the study. It is a Filipino retail store managed by a family that can be found on

almost every street corner.

Shaping. It refers to the process of reinforcing successively closer and closer

approximations to a desired terminal behavior. (Hale, 2021)

As used in the study, this refers to reshaping an industry through influencing the market

development in favor of engagement with other businesses.

Spaza Shop. Small informal retailers are a ubiquitous feature of any developing

country’s urban landscape in South Africa. It is mainly managed from home and its objective is

to support the owners’ household income by selling basic household products. (Du Toit, 2020)
Tuovila, A. (2021, November 15), Understanding Bankruptcy: Types of Bankruptcy Filings,

being discharged from Bankruptcy, Advantages, and Disadvantages. Dotdash Meredith

Publisher. DOI Bankruptcy Definition (investopedia.com)

Hudson, M. (2020, July 20), Definition and Examples of Retailers: What is a Retailer. Dotdash

Meredith Publisher. DOI Retailers: What Are They? (thebalancesmb.com)

Kirana Store- The backbone Of the Indian Economy. (n.d.). How Kirana Shops are proving to

be the backbone of the economy. Retrieved April 9, 2022, from

https://www.indifi.com/blog/how-kirana-shops-are-proving-to-be-the-backbone-of-the-economy/

Du Toit, A. (2020, February 24). South Africa’s spaza shops: How regulatory avoidance harms

informal workers. The Conversation. DOI https://theconversation.com/global

Hayes, A. (2021, November 12 ). Business: Business Essentials. Dotdash Meredith Publisher.

DOI https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/entrepreneur.asp

Perez, R. (2022, April 4). How To Start and Manage a Sari-sari Stores Business: An Ultimate

Guide. FilipiKnow. DOI https://filipiknow.net/sari-sari-store-business/

Hale, A. (2021, October 10). What is Shaping in Psychology? - Definition & Examples. Shaping

Overview. Retrieved from https://study.com/academy/lesson/shaping.html.