\

Manual
for
I STUDY OT'VALT.JES
(Revised Edition)

DR. R. K. OJHA
M. Sc', Ph' D'
Retirerl Head, Department of Psychology
K. G. K. Pos! Gradttate College,
Moradabad.
and
Dr. Mahesh Bhargava
Director
N. P. C., Agra

c) 364926
Estd. 1971

TIATIOT{AI PSYGIIOIOSIGAh G ONPONATTOII

4I23lO, KAcHEFII GHAT, AGF| A '28.2 OO4
I
I
 \
11

;t ol lenbo aq
s(eMie lsnu (q) pue (e) lol salo3s aql lo uns alll'allleulalle L{3Ea.lol it t Uea
: {enr, srql ur pa}eorl
aq uorlsanb papuo eql leql fuessacau st ll-suo.4senb paguto Jo luawleall'l
: slurod al{i }e In}areo aq plnoLls Joutulexa 'Out.iocs ul 'tauii.uexa aili
6ur,,ro;1o1 Jo }lasulq
]calqns aql poroos oq upe ll lplll palonllsuoo os st lscl alll 'Jnoq ]leLl E pue ^q auo ulqllM
palalduoc aq^q ue3 0uttocs pue uotie.llslulLupV '6ut.locs-1;as sl sanlen 1o {pn15 aq1
gNIUOCS UOJ SNOIICNUISNI
']so] aql
6urremsue ur lsajalur uaal do;anep ol pabetnooua oq plnoLls lcetqnS ',i1uo {tleuos:ad 1o
lsal e sr 1r 1ng 'a6palmou>l lo puq ,(ue ro sllDls 'acua5t11alul lo lsal P lcu st sanlen 1o Apnlg
aLll ]eq1 paureldxa aq plnoqs ]r 'slsal lect6oloqcAsd ttitrrt letlr.rJE] lou a.Je oq^ asoql
'Aliuapuadapur suorlsanb al;l lamsue 1lrrvr Aaul teql pauieM aq {eu slcalqns
dnorO e u; 'Allenprnrpur ro dnor6 p ur paiaisrururpp aq {eu sanlen 1o ,{pn1g aq1
'pa/fiollB
aq iou plnoi.ls uorylada: lnq 'pamor!E aq pinoLls ,{aq} 'au.l} alou et;irbar Iaql 1t suotlsanb
aql iie loMSUe ol salnulu piz arrnbar slcelqns 'Ututl oLLill ou sr a.laqf
^11etauao
ll l-recj puie 1 ye.1 lo sJaMSLe
anrleurall" go seEueqc aLll 6ulplp0ar uorlnec eLr6 o1 fuessarsu sl ll ]nB 'suorlcnllsur
tBq,:a^ a^r0 ci fuessecau lou sr 11 '6urralsrurupe-fias sr ssntPA. io aq1
^pn15
sramsue aruleuraile lo apis oql {llecuaunu
sacuarola:d srrl sprocaj 1ca[qns aqj. 'sonlen xrs aql lo ti]ea r:1 Ouo;aq s.raMSUe ^q o^r]eura]le
0a Ilr.l0nou 'sloMSUE anrlpurollp 0Zt q1M suorlsenb gF are ajaql llB ul 's.rAMSUp
a^rJeuralle jnol qu,^ slualr 9l lo slsisuo3 ped puoces pue sraMSUe o^riEura]le orvl] QlrM
suJalr 00 lo slsrsuoc ued lsrrj o/'r1 sell ]sol aqi 'ucrltsn]rs .relirrueJ e uodn paseq
-sued
suorlsanb jo iaqunu E slsrsuo:r I 'Oupalsrurupe-1,ts sl lsal sanlen 1o Apnlg aq1
pue aoruas Joi uor}pcU,lpnb 1ua;enrnbe
{'ssaulsnq
anpLl oqM sllnpe rol lrjasn osle sr ll 'sasseic alenperO4sod pue olenperO ut Dut{pn1s
'sluapnis a0a;1oc lo asn oql .rol paubrsap sr uorsran ipulH u! aleos iuosa:C eq1
'utst/!
io (s)ed[1 s,:aDuerdg uodn paseq sr uorlesUrsse;c 1o ad{1
srql 'snor6rlau pue lecrlrlod 'lercos 'crlaqlsav 'cnuouoof 'leorlaroall-L aq1 : Ayleuosrad ur
)|
sonrioru rc slsaJolur crseq xrs oql ornseau ol sr sanlI,-n 1o Apnlg aqI lo ure ureur aqf
3SOdUnd
'lsal aql lo slualuco puB surJoi,l lerauae ur saOueqc elqeiaptsuoc sluase.ider
uorsrnal luesa:d aql'696f ur peqstlqnd i1;eurOr:o s"/v\ sanlen 1o {pn1g aq1
1u
(uotlpl pasr^oU)

rba SEfiIV :lO AOfiIS

,t 0l
le n u Eltj
 Manual for StudY ,:f Values I 3

each alternative' The sum

of the scores for the four alternatives rnust be
Pa( ll. 2)rtor
equal to 10.
boxes
scores on each page and enter the total in the
2. Add the vertical columns of
at tire bottom of the Page'
page in the space of the table which is labeled
3. Transcribe rne totais from each
v,,ith lhe same letter'
(values)'
4. Add the totals for the six columns
5.Tlretotalscoreforallthesixcolumnsmustbeequalto240.(forParll90and
fcr Part ll 150)-
6.Plotthescoreinthegraptrbymarkingpointsgl'tryverticallinesfoi"eachvalue.
by drawlng llne'
S,x points for each value should be connected

Comparison of Old Form and Revised Form

published.in 1959' Since then it nas
The values test in Hindi version was 6;iginally
certain improvements without any
been revised three times. The present revisidn off'eis and usefulness.
;;;;g;in-iecl":nicat iroceoure bnd the limitation of scope
BELIABILITY
-['he method' The items
lnternal co;rsistency of the scaleisdeterminedby.spfit-half correlations are as
for each value were ;i;i;; il,to t*o sub-scaies. The
produ-ct'mtmer't
given in Table '1

Tabie 1 : it-Half
Va.lues Revised Form Old Fc,rm
.78 'ou
1. Theoreiical .65
'81
2. Economic '54
3. Aesthetic 76
'82 .66
4. Social .83 '62
5. Political .70
6. Religious '34
VALIDITY
Table 2 shows correlations obtaiited
(,-'s)for a sample of 500 male and 500 female
graduate and post-graduate students'
Table 2 : lnter Correlatio ns of Values
Aesthetic Social Political Relig;ous
Males Economic
Theoretical ! --26 -'1 1 -.10 -'12
-30
-.13
'38
Economic -'30 28
Aesthetic -'19 -'16 -.29
Social -.21 -.13
Political
-'32
Females
Theoretical -.10 -'08 -.19 --26' -'37
-?-3
Economic -'36 -.29 -.20
--'1 0 '38
Aesthetic -.38
-.40 '31
Social
Political
-'32

JL
 .C 'S
/8.9 08.9 cl.c 89.9
6 t.9 98.2 uealA
oL.re e8.98 09.8e 06.8t 8t,.1'
z6-68
c\eqlsav 9fiUOU03l le3;liloaq_l sanleA
sno6\oa lesutlod lelcos
(Ogt=t{) aulotpaUU lo sluapnls : sacuolaglo leuolssaloJd 6
: alqB}
86.9 zg.9
'o 's
00.9 BZ.9 ZO.L BZ.9
zv.6e l9-2, uear!
vr.ov ev-Le ,8.9t 9e.L'
sUaqlsav ctwouocS lecuaoaql sonleA
lestitlod lepos
sluapnls alBl,lt uellsutlc 992 : s3cuara$lo sno l61ag : I alqel
7Q. I 29.9 9V-L
'o 's
L9.9 l0.L ze.9
19.6e ez-w ueay\
98-9t ZL.OV z9-vv 20.0,
34014$av ctwouosl lealoJoaql senleA
snci6qag lectillod lenos
sluapnls alew tullsnul 0t9 : sacuoraulo sno! 611a9 : Z alqel
.C'S
Br.9 t9-9 9Z.L e t.9 ZV.L tr.6
LE.Z' 10.0, ueaN
9?.Be ve-Lt; 01.0v e0-/t
sUoqlsav 3!Woua33 ledl4oaLll sanleA
sno1611eg lez!l!lod lepos
sluapnls alet l npulH 002 saouatagl6 snol611ag r 9 alqEtr
60./ 99-Z
'o 's
00-0 r 89,9 09.9 00.6
9L.eV Lt'0c t7.tc' uealA
98.Z' Lr-8e 6t.0t?
sUaqlsov ctwouosS lelliloeqJ satl!e/\
lecutlod le!cos
siuapnls alBual 098 : acuaJalllo xas I olqer
.C'S
61.9 t9.L Z6.B 69.8 ZE.L
e0.6
z0.Be 16.L1/ 0z.ov 86.9t ze-av zl-tv ueali\l

sUaLllsaV I ctaou03l lectliloeql sanleA

sno6ryag lez!l!lod le!cos t
sluapnts oleuu ogel : asuala$lo xas : t alqei
.C'S
06.9 2e. I zB.6 t0.B VB.L
L6.B ueay\
8e.0? L r'0t
t8.6e zr.6e 06.0, /6.8t
snot64ay lec!l!lod leDos cueq$av ciluouocl lealdoaqf sonleA
0gtz=N sluopnls loc : sulloN lElauae e alqBl
.Sa|Unce}aclol.uuospU"acualcs.SuBtxolluasoq3olsMSluapI]}sa|eualpuea|euCg,z
.uo,rr"npa (lualenrnba :o) a0e11oo auos peq a^eLl oq/v\ s]ln'rB lol ro 'sluapnls a0e11oc
11" ,j
6ut1calloc
uqr rol Aiueurira pau6rsap uaaq s?q 15al sanle^ aqi lel.il st siuapnls a0a11oc eq1
) .uotlelnclod aoarloc aLll uo paslpJPpuels sl sanlen 1o Apnl5 aql
Jol uoseal aql
suuHoN 'lvu3l'l3e
suollelarl03
I'Mol
'sonlB^ snol6tla:-letcos pue 'sonle,\ 5not0t1a:-ctlaLlisae
;o aar0ap aql 'sdnorO a9] r-lrt.rQ ul
'pu, ,sanlg1 Snol0rla:-cru-touo3o uaa/vqaq ucllPlcosse antltsod E sl a1aLll 'alduius
algual ut B 'SalB1lJ Ut sAnlen snotbtla:-ctuouCco.UOaMlaq pue 'sanlEA ;ectlt;od-cttuouoce
1;.1

UaaM}aqpUE.Son|e^|Elcos-clu]ouosoUaaM}oquollBlsos3eo^l}lsodEslaliq]
sanle4 1o {pn15 .tol lenuen I t

1 :
1l' ''tl":'i: '
 I
Manual for Study of Values I 5

Table 10 : Professional Differences : 130 Students of Engineerlng

Values Theoretical Economic Aesthetic Social Political Religious
Mean 39'63 47'67 30'68 42-41 44-57 38'50
S. D. 5.98 7-02 6'17 6.24 6.19 6.52
Table 11 : High and Low Scores
lf a score falls outside the followinE limits onpne of the values, it may be considered
definitely high or low.
Theoretical
Eccnomic
|| . as:+z
32-47
Social
Political
34-45
34-47 .

Aesihetic | ' z.t-at Religious 32-48

Outstanding Hig and Low Scores
lf a score lalls outside the follotving limits or it is higher or lower than the folk;wing
limits on one of the values, it may be considered very"distinctive.
Ta6lr: 12
Theoretical 28-50 . Social 2S-s0
Economic 2'7-50 Politicai 30-50
Aesthetic 27-_52 Religiol.:s z2-J /
WORK,ON STUDY OF VALUES
The pioneer empirical study of the values bv Allport and Vernon (1931) with
Spranger's (1928) Six types of [t/lan (for a sketchy presentation of these six types see
Allport, i951) opened vistas in multifarious directions. Today we find a large body of
knowledge based on investrgations centered around values. With Old Form of the study
extensil.e researches have been ..nade in the Western courrtries: Unfortunately, no work
was done betore on this study in lndia. Perhaps the first work on the Study of Vaiues is
the present one. And it is necessary to point out the irnportant works on the Stucly so tnat
the lndian psychologists might be more interested and sympathetic tourards the study.
Regarding group differences, the works of Gray (1947) cn ethnic group, and of
McCarthy (1942) and Newcomb (1943) on regional and reiigious groups are noteworthy.
Regarciing the changes in values Arsenian (1943), Burgemelster (1940), Whitley
(1933) etc., have made valuable contributions. Newcomb (.1943) has determined the
change in values of college students throughout their period of study under Wvo oiffering
styles of education.
The Old Form has been compared with the Strong's \locational lnterest Test by
Arsenian (1943), Duffy et al (1940), Sarbin et al (1940) etc., and corretated with various
scales measuring socialattitudes by Cohen (1941), Newcomb (1943), Pintner (1933) etc.
Fisher (1948), Richardson (1940), and others have employed the scale in relation to
kinship and friendship patterns.
The values that an individual holds are found to be 'Resonant' with various aspects
of perceptual and cognitive functioning. "A person recognises more quickly words that are
related to high values when presented to the eye (of , Postman et al, 1948), anC to the ear

Il* .-*
 splsmol spual aq 'suoslad ul palsalolul
aq ol ptes aq Aeu
-Ias pue usllenplnlpul
.Lulq aql uollcnllsap alBSaloL{M e se apBl}
sltejje Ftcos ul oilueyodtui isoru sonle^ lo
$-t"t,: aLl
,ouunrl;;il alll saos srloqlsaB arJl a.reqds cir"r'rcuosa aq]
pue oursryenp" ;o ssacord lauxol
otl} ptle 'ftrs.ran1p aLli qllM pouJo3lioc sl
,(,n,, u' .acuar:adxa lo sallrluep eqi t{}!ry\ ra}lel 'osuas E ul 's! apn}lge cllaq}sae al;r
aufl 'lecl]aloaql aql oi'pasocrao r{llecu}aruetp
,,'ay1 ;o 'saPoslda
cllslue aql ul
J]NCI e aq
pa'au lou 'lsluB a^llealc
aq il cliaqlsoB sloq 'aplJa ag aq
lsa.rolullalqc sltl spulllnq :siuala uotssacord e
'ales ,*o lo1 paAo[ue u 't"o.ta'1 t16u1u t]cea 1o
{oc lou paau aH "rf '1
'ace]'6 1o lutodpuels aLll tuoJl paopnt st ocuet:adxa
se e11 spteo", '"."u1t1'.Io
'AuouleLl pue uuol ul sonlen lsat16rq slq saas ueu'l cllaLilsae
"11 "i,Ii"**As aq!"
a16urs qce3
JNB cllaqlsav aql 'e
'ueuJSSaulsnq uE3l'laulv aOe:ane
s.lv
pue {1qono'roql sl ad'{}
aql lo adrtoa.rals outlteneld aql ol llaM st'llloluoc "lecll'eld"
slqt'qiieam"tqgr"tlouo'1'1n'n"""pu"'ltp""lcuolleroqelaaql'spooOlouotldunsuoc
uv :soulsnq aq] lo sJ!"Ue lectlcetd oQ] aoerQrua
pue '6ullalr", 'uo,l,npord oqi-ppor'
( ol sdolanap salllltn ut lsa.lalul aqt'(uorteruasarci 11as)
tp""' {rpoq io uollcelsl}Bs eqi uodn
\ polsaialul {1ect1st:elceJei13 sl ueru sltllouooa aq1"
,!1eurOuo pastsB 'lnJasn s! ]eqm ul
cltuouos3 aLlL'A
IV

,,'a0pa1,rr,ou1 slLl azlleir'lals{s pue laplo

lE
olslallurullBlarL,losrH,.raqdosolludrolsrluar3sel;1uanoet1'lsllenisallalutueiltlessacau 'UosBor
]J ,lp.Jutdula ale ueu leslloJootll alli lo slsalalul aLli asul(i
s! aq lBuotle, pu" 1""'f i,
p xlii'in pue &neoq aqi 6urpte0a; sluau;aopnf
oi puE a^lasqo ot ntuo ='t'"s'puz'slcalqo lo
S u"'t"t Allectlsirelre'lBqo all lec6 still 1c
lo llasit slsa^lp lcql auo 'apnlluB ,,onriruotc' " aql"
'q1n-'] lo itta^o:>slp aqJ sl uetu leollaJoaql alll lo ]solalul lueuliJop
D

]lnsrad eul ul
lP3lla,loaql aq!
'L

'raOue:og Aq pantacuoc sP sanlen asaql lo qoea io uolllurlap

e uentO
lo
Apn15' uolsllel 096f lo lenupul aL{I
seq y'.azprr11-uou:a1'pod11y trq,sanle1 1o
c3Nil3g s3nlv^
cinot6 tl6lr.l aLll IE aoueptn6 leuotlecon
rol sonlen 1o APnig otl] Poralle
oLul cltucuc3f pue lEcllllod eq1 Oututqruoc
pue patlrldr.uls (6eO t) JASSele pue JalleLuauo (OeO l)
sB lsol lellul s e padolanap a^eLl
sanlen a^ll ainsBaul ol santP lo IPntS to lPtll ale snotOtlag
oi elenbape
''lc uasn6 urrn 'Airleuos't ed ut spuall anlBA aq] luasaldar
la rncl leql apnlcuos 'tulol
pue lesllaroaql'aullslllLld'lEl39S Alarueu 'slolce; olseq
uoli '(ZeOt)
a'..11 uo Ap nls leuolsel slq
pro aql ul pouleluo? asolli ol ielluls sulall lo stseq
'sJalJoM snolJen tro OurlCulage olll ul poNasqo
ale salPss aql lo uollellen
oun I
pue
'luauaalOesrP lualedde ur oJE luaueradu.ra] clseq ol alola:ail]
ol sanlE^ alll lo uollela.l $o prllJ o] palli oLlM
sacifi-cleuos o1 ''a 'l 'slol3e] leuollnlllsuo3 '(eeOl 'lB la lLrlueC
'3la (610t) qllus '(rY6t) utgo3 4111 srolebtlsanut snotnatd ;o sllnsau -(610t
stql qltm luantCuoc oJrJ ]eql suall rauaq sestuoocal pue sulErar aH
io) anlen salet3osse aH '(6to ; 'se1daPue71
'1o)
'lB ia saluul3 ci 'io) splo&i qons o1 L1P10: I aJotu
l
sanlen 1o APn15 lol lenueni i 9
I

16
I

\
 v Manual for Study cf Values I/
\

sufficiency. Aesthetic people often like the hreautiful insignia of pornp and povrer, but
oppose political activity when it makes for the repression of individuality. ln the field of
religion they are likely to confuse beauty with pui'er religious experience."

4. The Social
"Tlre highest value for this type is love ot pecple. ln the Study of Values it is 1-re
altruistic or philanthropic aspect of love that is measured. The sociat man prizes other
persons as ends and is tirerefore himself xind, sympathetic and unselfish. Fle is likely to
find the theoretical, econcmic, and aesthetic attitudes cold and inhuman."

5. The Political
"The politicai rnan is interested primarily in Power. Hls activities are not necessarily
withln the narrow field of politics, but, whatever his vocation, he betrays as a
N/alhtn:ensch. Leaders in any fielC generally have high power value."

6. The Fleligior.rs
"1he highest value oi the religious man may be ualled unity. He is mystical and
seeks to comprehend the cosmos as a whole, to relate hirnself to its embracing totality.
Spranger defines the leligious man as one "whose mental structure is permanently
directed to the cresticn of thr: highest and absoiutely satisfying r,,alue experience.,, Sorne
men of this type are 'inimanent mystics," tlrat is, they find their religious experience in the
iiffirrnatron of life anC in active participation therein."
REFHRENLES
Allport, G. W. (19371. Personalily. a Psvchological lnterpretairon. Ne,.v \,'orl.. i1enry l'1olt.
Allport, G. \{.: Vernc,-, r- E. a.c Lrndzey G 195'1 Slu,di.;, \?ir-,e*q iFevisec Edrlron)
NcwYork Foug'rlcr :.1 .rr -
Andersen. B. G 11938r. Scrr: -..-'-:.'-z :s:::is ci C--urseiling Adult Women. J
Appl. Psychol., 22, pD. .ia5.
Arsenian. S. (1943) C:ar;e rn =.a -air,.,e +i,l-::s )lr.ing Four Years of College. ;'
Appl. Psychot., 27. pp. 338.
Burgemeister, B B. (19rCr The Perrcrr-rance of lnterests of Women College Students
Arch. Psychol.. N. Y No. 255
Cohen, J. B. (1941) A Scale for the lrleasurernent of Attitude toward the Aesthetic Value
J. Psychol. 12, pp. 75.

Duffy, E. (1940). A Critrcal

Reviel of lnvestigations Emplcying the Allport-Vernon StuC;
of Values and cther Tests of E,.,alirative Attitude. psychol. But!.. pp.5g7.
lukes, W. F, (1955). Psychological Studies of Values. psychot. Bult. 52 .24.
I
: sher, s. c.(194E). Relationships in Attitudes, opinicns and \/alues anong Fa--
) ..
f,'lembers. Berkeley, Llniversity of California press.

l
8 I Manual for Str ''t'r of V?lu€s

'Louttit, C. M. and Browne C. G. (194/). Psychometric lr'struments in Psycirologic

\
Clinics. J. Consult" Psychol-, 11, pp' 49'
\
Lurie, w. A. (1937). A Study of spranger's Value-Types by the Method of Factor Analysis'
J. Soc. PsYchol-,8, PP. 17.
Psychiat' cathol'
McCarthy, T. J. (1942). Personality Traits of Seminarians. stud. Psychol'
Univ. Arner., 5 No. 4.
Printner, R. (1933). A Comparison of lnterests, Abilities, and Attitudes'
J' Abnorm' Soc'
Psychol., 27, PP. 351.
Ray-Chowchury, K. (1957-58). of Values in lndian situatiori'
Allport-Vernorr Study
(Abstracts-Part lll, Proceeding of 45th sesslcn of the lndian science congress
Association).
sarbin, T. R. and Berdie, R. F. (1940). Relation of Measui'ed
lnterests to the
Allpoft-Vernon Study of Values. J. Appt' Psychol', 24' pp' 287 '
stuciy of vaiues Test'
schaefer, B. R. (1936). The Validity and utility of the Allport-Vernon
J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol., 30, pp' 419'
seashore, H. C. (1947). Validation cf the study of Values for Two Vocaticnal Groups
at the College level- Educ. Psychot' Measmnt',7, pp' 757'
: Max Niemeyer verlag'
sp:.anger, E. (1928). Types of Men. (Trans., P. i. w. Pigors), Halle
Vernon, P. E. ancl Allport, G. W. (1931). study of values. Boston : Houghton lVtifflin'
whiflgy-, P. L. (i 933). A Study of the Allport-Vernon Test for Personal Values' J' Abnorm'
Soc. PsYchol., 28, PP. 6.

i'
1-

any torm is a violation of CoPYright Act'

@ 2001. All rights reserved. Fleproduction in
Value Test (VT)

;'