CHƯƠNG I: ESTE

I. LÝ THUYẾT
Câu 1: Số đồng phân este ứng với công thức phân tử C4H8O2 là
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
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HCOOCH2-CH2-CH3 CH3COOC2H5
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HCOO-CH(CH3)CH3 CH3CH2COOCH3
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Câu 2: Số đồng phân đơn chức ứng với công thức phân tử C4H8O2 là
A. 6. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
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4 đồng phân este ở trên
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2 đồng phân axit : CH3-CH2-CH2-COOH
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CH3-CH(CH3)-COOH
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Câu 3: Cho tất cả các đồng phân đơn chức, mạch hở, có cùng công thức phân tử C2H4O2 lần lượt tác dụng với: Na, NaOH,
NaHCO3. Số phản ứng xảy ra là
A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3.
đp
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C2H4O2 : CH3COOH CH3COOH + Na --> CH3COONA + 1/2H2
CH3COOH + NaOH --> CH3COONa + H2O
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HCOOCH3
OH-CH2-CHO HCOOCH3 + NaOH --> HCOONa +CH3OH
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OH-CH2-CHO + Na
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Câu 4: Chất X có công thức phân tử C3H6O2, là este của axit axetic. Công thức cấu tạo thu gọn của X là
A. C2H5COOH. B. HO-C2H4-CHO. C. CH3COOCH3. D. HCOOC2H5.
Câu 5: Hợp chất X có công thức cấu tạo: CH3CH2COOCH3. Tên gọi của X là
A. etyl axetat. B. metyl propionat. C. metyl axetat. D. propyl axetat.
Câu 6: Thủy phân este E có công thức phân tử C4H8O2 (có mặt H2SO4 loãng) thu được 2 sản phẩm hữu cơ X và Y. Từ X
có thể điều chế trực tiếp ra Y bằng một phản ứng duy nhất. Tên gọi của E là
A. metyl propionat. B. propyl fomat. C. ancol etylic. D. etyl axetat.
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Câu 7: Este etyl axetat có công thức là
A. CH3CH2OH. B. CH3COOH. C. CH3COOC2H5. D. CH3CHO.
Câu 8: Đun nóng este HCOOCH3 với một lượng vừa đủ dung dịch NaOH, sản phẩm thu được là
A. CH3COONa và C2H5OH. B. HCOONa và CH3OH.
C. HCOONa và C2H5OH. D. CH3COONa và CH3OH.
Câu 9: Este etyl fomiat có công thức là
A. CH3COOCH3. B. HCOOC2H5. C. HCOOCH=CH2. D. HCOOCH3.
Câu 10: Đun nóng este CH3COOC2H5 với một lượng vừa đủ dung dịch NaOH, sản phẩm thu được là
A. CH3COONa và CH3OH. B. CH3COONa và C2H5OH.
C. HCOONa và C2H5OH. D. C2H5COONa và CH3OH.
Câu 11: Thủy phân este X trong môi trường kiềm, thu được natri axetat và ancol etylic. Công thức của X là
A. C2H3COOC2H5. B. CH3COOCH3. C. C2H5COOCH3. D. CH3COOC2H5.
Câu 12: Este metyl acrylat có công thức là
A. CH3COOCH3. B. CH3COOCH=CH2. C. CH2=CHCOOCH3. D. HCOOCH3.

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 Câu 13: Este vinyl axetat có công thức là
A. CH3COOCH3. B. CH3COOCH=CH2. C. CH2=CHCOOCH3. D. HCOOCH3.
Câu 14: Đun nóng este CH COOCH=CH với một lượng vừa đủ dung dịch NaOH, sản phẩm thu được là
CH3COOCH=CH2 +3NAOH ---> 2
A. CH2=CHCOONa và CH3OH. B. CH3COONa và CH3CHO.
C. CH3COONa và CH2=CHOH. D. C2H5COONa và CH3OH.
Câu 15: Đun nóng este CH2=CHCOOCH3 với một lượng vừa đủ dung dịch NaOH, sản phẩm thu được là
A. CH2=CHCOONa và CH3OH. B. CH3COONa và CH3CHO.
C. CH3COONa và CH2=CHOH. D. C2H5COONa và CH3OH.
Câu 16: Khi đốt cháy hoàn toàn một este no, đơn chức thì số mol CO2 sinh ra bằng số mol O2 đã phản ứng. Tên gọi của
este là
A. n-propyl axetat. B. metyl axetat. C. etyl axetat. D. metyl fomiat.
Câu 17: Hai chất hữu cơ X1 và X2 đều có khối lượng phân tử bằng 60 đvc. X1 có khả năng phản ứng với: Na, NaOH,
Na2CO3. X2 phản ứng với NaOH (đun nóng) nhưng không phản ứng Na. Công thức cấu tạo của X1, X2 lần lượt là
A. CH3-COOH, CH3-COO-CH3. B. (CH3)2CH-OH, H-COO-CH3.
C. H-COO-CH3, CH3-COOH. D. CH3-COOH, H-COO-CH3.
Câu 18: Một este có công thức phân tử là C4H6O2, khi thuỷ phân trong môi trường axit thu được axetanđehit. Công thức
cấu tạo thu gọn của este đó là
A. HCOO-C(CH3)=CH2. B. HCOO-CH=CH-CH3.
C. CH3COO-CH=CH2. D. CH2=CH-COO-CH3.
Câu 19: Công thức tổng quát của este tạo bởi axit no, đơn chức mạch hở và ancol no, đơn chức mạch hở có dạng
A. CnH2n+2O2 (n ≥ 2). B. CnH2nO2 (n ≥ 3). C. CnH2nO2 (n ≥ 2). D. CnH2n-2O2 (n≥4).
Câu 20: Cho các chất có công thức sau đây những chất thuộc loại este là
(1) CH3CH2COOCH3; (2) CH3OOCCH3; (3) HCOOC2H5; (4) CH3COOH;
(5) CH3CH(COOC2H5)COOCH3; (6) HOOCCH2CH2OH; (7) CH3OOC-COOC2H5
A. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) B. (1), (2), (3), (5), (7)
C. (1), (2), (4), (6), (7) D. (1), (2), (3), (6), (7)
Câu 22: Este Z điều chế từ ancol metylic có tỉ khối so với oxi là 2,75. Công thức của Z là
A. C2H5COOCH3. B. CH3COOCH3. C. CH3COOC2H5. D. C2H5COOC2H5.
điều
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chế từ ancol
đ

metylic (CH3OH)=> este Z có dạng RCOOCH3 M R = 88- 59= 29

Mz= d* Mo2 = 2,75 * 32= 88 =>R là C2H5
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Câu 23: Một este có CTPT là C3H6O2, có phản ứng tráng gương với dung dịch AgNO3/NH3. CTCT của este là
A. HCOOC2H5 B. CH3COOCH3 C. HCOOC3H7 D. C2H5COOH
Câu 24: Hai este đơn chức X và Y là đồng phân của nhau. Khi hoá hơi 1,85 gam X, thu được thể tích hơi đúng bằng thể
tích của 0,7 gam N2 (đo ở cùng điều kiện). Công thức cấu tạo thu gọn của X, Y là
A. C2H5COOCH3 và HCOOCH(CH3)2 B. HCOOC2H5 và CH3COOCH3
C. C2H3COOC2H5 và C2H5COOC2H3 D. HCOOCH2CH2CH3 và CH3COOC2H5
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nX=nN2= 0.7/28=0.025
gọi CTPT chung của X và Y là CxHyOz
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MCxHyOz =1.85/0,025= 74
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( dựa vào đáp án thì là câu B)
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Câu 25: Có các nhận định sau:
(1) Este là sản phẩm của phản ứng giữa axit và ancol; giữa axit cacboxylic và ancol
(2) Este là hợp chất hữu cơ trong phân tử có nhóm -COO-; RCOOR' RCOOH
(3) Este no, đơn chức, mạch hở có công thức phân tử CnH2nO2 , với n ≥ 2;
(4) Hợp chất CH3COOC2H5 thuộc loại este;
(5) Sản phẩm của phản ứng giữa axit và ancol là este. axit cacbonxylic+ H2O
Số nhận định đúng là
A. 1. B. 2. C. 4. D. 3.
Câu 26: Cho các chất sau: CH3COOH (1), CH3COOCH3 (2), C2H5OH (3), C2H5COOH (4). Chiều tăng dần nhiệt độ sôi (từ trái sang
phải) là
A. 1, 2, 3, 4 B. 2, 3, 1, 4 C. 4, 3, 2, 1 D. 3, 1, 2, 4
Câu 27: Số lượng ý đúng trong các nhận xét sau là
– Este thường được điều chế từ axit và ancol.
– Este no, đơn chức có công thức chung là CnH2nO2.
– Este thường có mùi thơm đặc trưng và tan ít hoặc không tan trong nước.
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 – Phản ứng thủy este trong môi trường axit gọi là phản ứng 1 chiều.
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1.
II. BÀI TẬP
DẠNG 1: HIỆU SUẤT
Câu 1: Đun 12 g axit axetic với một lượng dư ancol etylic (có axit H2SO4 đặc làm xúc tác). Đến khi phản ứng dừng
lại thu được 11g este. Hiệu suất (%) của phản ứng este hóa là bao nhiêu?
A. 70. B. 75. C. 62,5. D. 50.
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H% =mthực tế/ mlí thuyết .100%( thực tế và lí thuyết của một chất phải cùng n và cùng v
Mẹo: -Có cái trước phản ứng, đề hỏi cái sau phản ứng=> Sau= trước . H%(cùng hệ số thích hợp)
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-Có cái sau phản ứng, đề hỏi cái trước => Trước = sau/H%
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nCH3CHOOH= 12/60=0.2(mol) ; C2H5OH dư
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CH3COOH + C2H5OH <----> CH3COOC2H5 +H20
H%= 0,125/0,2x100= 62.5%
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trước(lt) 0.2---------------------------->0.2
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sau (tt) 0,125
neste = nCH3CHOOC2H5=11/88=0.125(mol)
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Câu 2: Đun nóng axit axetic với isoamylic (CH3)2CH-CH2-CH2-OH có H2SO4 đặc xúc tác thu được isoamyl axetat
(dầu chuối). Tính lượng gam dầu chuối thu được từ 132,35g axit axetic đung nóng với 200g ancol isoamylic. Biết hiệu
suất phản ứng đạt 68%.
A. 97,5. B. 195. C. 292,5. D. 159.
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n axit axetic =132,35/60= 2,21(mol) n ancol= 200/88= 2,28 (mol)
CH3COOH + (CH3)2CH-CH2-CH2-OH <---> CH3COOCH2-CH2-CH(CH3)2 + H2O
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LT: 2,21 2,21
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TT: x mol
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H% = x/2,21 .100= 68% => x=1.5(mol)
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m este =1,5 . 126= 195 (g)
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Câu 3: Tính khối lượng gam este metyl metacrylat thu được khi đun nóng 215 g axit metacrylic với 100 g ancol
metylic. Giả thiết phản ứng hóa este đạt hiệu suất 60%.
A. 150. B. 125. C. 175. D. 200.
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naxit metacrylic =215/86= 2,5 (mol) nancol = 100/32= 3,125(mol)
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CH2=C(CH3)COOH + CH3OH <--> CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3 + H2O
LT: 2,5 3,125 2,5
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TT: X
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neste= 2,5 . 60%= 1,5(mol)
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meste= 1,5 . 100=150g
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Câu 4: X là hỗn hợp gồm HCOOH và CH3COOH (tỉ lệ mol 1:1). Lấy 21,2 gam X tác dụng với 23 gam C2H5OH (xúc tác
H2SO4 đặc, đun nóng) thu được m gam hỗn hợp este (hiệu suất este hóa đều đạt 80%). Giá trị m là
A. 40,48 gam. B. 23,4 gam. C. 48,8 gam. D. 25,92 gam.
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HCOOH + C2H5OH <--> HCOOC2H5 + H2O
gọi số mol HCOOH và CH3COOH là a mol
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Ta có : mHCOOH + mCH3COOH =21,2 LT: 0,2 0,2
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45a + 60a = 21,2 CH3COOH + C2H5OH<--> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
LT : 0,2 0,2
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=> a= 0,2 (mol)
nHCOOC2H5 = 0,2 . 80%= 0,16mol
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nC2H5OH=23/46= 0,5 (mol)
nCH3COOC2H5 = 0,16mol
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mHCOOC2H5 +mCH3COOC2H5 = 23,4
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Câu 5: Cho 0,1 mol axit đơn chức X phản ứng với 0,15 mol ancol đơn chức Y thu được 4,5 g este với hiệu suất 75%.
Vậy tên gọi của este?
A. Metyl fomiat. B. Metyl axetat. C. Etyl axetat. D. Metyl propionat.
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R + 44 + R' =60
n axit < n ancol
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neste = 0,1 . 75% =0,075(mol) => R+R' =16
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-R là H (1)
Meste =4,5/ 0,075= 60
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theo đáp án thì là A -R' là CH3 (15)
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Trang3
 DẠNG 2: PHẢN ỨNG THỦY PHÂN
Câu 1: Đun nóng 1,1g este no đơn chức M với dung dịch KOH dư, người ta thu được 1,4g muối. Tỉ khối của M so với khí
CO2 là 2. M có công thức cấu tạo nào sau đây:
A. C2H5COOCH3 B. CH3COOC2H5 C. HCOOC3H7 D. CH3COOC2H5
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MM/ MCO2=Mm/44=2 => MM =88 CTPT este no, đơn chức
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nM =1,1/88 =0,0125(mol) CnH2nO2 = 88
RCOOR' + KOH --> RCOOK + R'OH
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=> 14n+32=88
0,0125-----------------> 0,0125
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=> n= 4( C4H8O2)
MM = 1,4/0,0125= 112
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=> R=29 => R là C2H5
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Câu 2: Thuỷ phân este X có CTPT C4H8O2 trong dung dịch NaOH thu được hỗn hợp hai chất hữu cơ Y và Z trong đó Y
có tỉ khối hơi so với H2 là 16. X có công thức là:
A. HCOOC3H7 B. CH3COOC2H5 C. HCOOC3H5 D. C2H5COOCH3
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MY/MH2= MY/2=16 => MY=32
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RCOOR' + NaOH----> RCOONa + R'OH
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Y là R'OH => R' = 15 là CH3
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( dựa vào đáp án thì là D)
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Câu 3: Xà phòng hoá hoàn toàn 22,2 gam hỗn hợp gồm hai este HCOOC2H5 và CH3COOCH3 bằng dung dịch NaOH
1M (đun nóng). Thể tích dung dịch NaOH tối thiểu cần dùng là
A. 400 ml. B. 300 ml. C. 150 ml. D. 200 ml.
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2 este là đồng phân
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n este= 22,2/74=0,3(mol)
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HCOOC2H5 + NaOH --> HCOONa + C2H5OH
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CH3COOCH3 + NaOH --> CH3COONa + CH3OH
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Theo pt, nNaOH= n este=0,3 mol=> Vnaoh = 0,3/1=0,3l
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Câu 4: Xà phòng hóa hoàn toàn 9,7 g hỗn hợp hai este đơn chức X, Y cần 100 ml dung dịch NaOH 1,50 M. Sau
phản ứng cô cạn dung dịch thu được hỗn hợp hai ancol đồng đẳng kế tiếp và một muối duy nhất. Công thức cấu tạo thu
gọn của 2 este là ở đáp án nào sau đây?
A. HCOOCH3 và HCOOCH2CH3. B. CH3COOCH3 và CH3COOCH2CH3.
C. C2H5COOCH3 và C2H5COOCH2CH3. D. C3H7COOCH3 và C4H9COOCH2CH3.
n NaOH= ·················································································································································
1,5 . 0,1=0,15mol
gọi CTCT của 2 este là RCOOR'( R' trung bình) biện luận thêm khi R là 15 là CH3(khong thoả
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mãn)
RCOOR'·················································································································································
+ NaOH --> RCOONa + R'OH
0,15<-------0,15
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MRCOOR' = 9,7/0,15= 64,67<=> 64,67= R + R' + 44 => R+ R' = 20,67
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biện luận R nhỏ nhất là H => R' = 19,67 - HCOOCH3(R' nhỏ nhất)
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- HCOOC2H5(kế tiếp)
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Câu 5: Một este tạo bởi axit đơn chức và ancol đơn chức có tỷ khối hơi so với khí CO2 bằng 2. Khi đun nóng este này
với dung dịch NaOH tạo ra muối có khối lượng lớn hơn este đã phản ứng. Công thức cấu tạo thu gọn của este này là?
A. CH3COOCH3. B. HCOOC3H7. C. CH3COOC2H5. D. C2H5COOCH3.
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Meste/MCO2= 2=> Meste= 88
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este có dạng RCOOR'
RCOOR' + NaOH --> RCOONa + R'OH
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Meste = R + 44+R'
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Mmuối = R+ 44+23
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Mmuối > Meste
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R+67 > 88
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R> 21
theo đáp án

Trang4
 Câu 6: Một este tạo bởi axit đơn chức và ancol đơn chức có tỷ khối hơi so với khi N2O bằng 2. Khi đun nóng este
này với dung dịch NaOH tạo ra muối có khối lượng bằng 17/22 lượng este đã phản ứng. Công thức cấu tạo thu gọn của
este này là?
A. CH3COOCH3. B. HCOOC3H7. C. CH3COOC2H5. D. C2H5COOCH3.
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Meste/MN2O=2 => Meste = 88
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Mmuối = 88 . 17/22= 68
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RCOOR' + NaOH --> RCOONa + R'OH
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68= R+ 67 => R = 1 là Hidro
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Câu 7: Một este tạo bởi axit đơn chức và ancol đơn chức có tỷ khối hơi so với khi CH4 bằng 5,5. Khi đun nóng este
này với dung dịch NaOH tạo ra muối có khối lượng bằng 93,18% lượng este đã phản ứng. Công thức cấu tạo thu gọn
của este này là?
A. CH3COOCH3. B. HCOOC3H7. C. CH3COOC2H5. D. C2H5COOCH3.
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Meste/ MCH4 = 5,5 => Meste = 88
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Mmuoi= 88 . 93,18%= 82
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RCOOR' + NaOH --> RCOONa + R'OH
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82= R+ 67 => R= 15 -> CH3
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R' = 88 - 59= 29 => C2H5
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Câu 8: Cho 35,2 g hỗn hợp 2 etse no đơn chức là đồng phân của nhau có tỷ khối hơi đối với H 2 bằng 44 tác dụng với
2 lít dung dịch NaOH 0,4 M, rồi cô cạn dung dịch vừa thu được, ta được 44,6 g chất rắn. Công thức cấu tạo thu gọn của
2 este là
A. HCOOC2H5 và CH3COOCH3. B. C2H5COOCH3 và CH3COOC2H5.
C. HCOOC3H7 và CH3COOC2H5. D. HCOOC3H7 và CH3COOCH3.
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Meste/MH2= 44 => Meste= 88 neste=35,2/88=0.4mol ; nNaOH= 0,4 . 2= 0,8mol Chọn R là H
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CTPT chung 2este CnH2nO2 RCOOR' + NaOH ---> RCOONa + R'OH => HCOOC3H7 và
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n=4 => C4H8O2 0,4 0,8 0,4 CH3COOC2H5
(loại A,D) => Chất rắn thu được là NaOH dư và RCOONa
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=> mRCOONa + mNaOH =44,6g
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=( R+67) . 0,4 + 40 . 0,4 = 44,6
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=> R = 4,5
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Câu 9: Đun 0,1 mol este đơn chức X với NaOH (lấy dư 20% so với lượng phản ứng) chưng cất lấy hết ancol Y còn lại
10,4 g chất rắn khan. Oxi hoá hết Y thành anđehit Z. Cho Z tác dụng với dung dịch AgNO3 trong NH3 dư sinh ra
43,2 g Ag (các phản ứng xảy ra hoàn toàn). Vây X là
A. CH3CH2COOC2H5. B. CH3COOCH3.
C. CH2=CH-COOCH3. D. CH3CH2COOCH3.
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nAg= 43,2/108= 0,4g
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Trang5
 Câu 10: Cho 0,1 mol este X đơn chức đun với 100 g dung dịch NaOH 8%, phản ứng hoàn toàn thu được 108,8 g dung
dịch Y. Làm khô dung dịch Y thu được 13,6 g hỗn hợp 2 chất rắn. Công thức của X là
A. CH3COOC2H5. B. CH3COOCH3. C. C2H5COOCH3. D. HCOOC3H7.
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=> R = 29 ( C2H5)
BTKL : meste = 8,8g
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=> Meste = 88 => C4H8O2
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mNaOH= 8g=> nNaOH=0,2mol
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RCOOR' + NaOH --> RCOONa + R'OH
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0,1 0,2 0,1
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2 chất rắn là RCOONa và NaOH dư(0,1)
( R + 67). 0,1 + 40 . 0,1 = 13,6g
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Câu 11: Xà phòng hóa hoàn toàn 4,4 gam etyl axetat bằng 100 ml dung dịch KOH 1M. Sau phản ứng xảy ra hoàn toàn, cô
cạn dung dịch thu được m gam rắn. Giá trị của m là
A. 7,7. B. 4,9. C. 4,1. D. 6,1.
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nCH3COOC2H5= 4,4/88 = 0,05mol ; nKOH= 1 . 0,1 = 0,1mol
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CH3COOC2H5 + KOH---> CH3COOK + C2H5OH
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0,05 0,1 0,05
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nCH3COOK= 0,05 . 98 = 4,9g
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Câu 12: Xà phòng hóa 8,8 gam etyl axetat bằng 200 ml dung dịch NaOH 0,2M. Sau khi phản ứng xảy ra hoàn toàn, cô cạn
dung dịch thu được chất rắn khan có khối lượng là
A. 8,56 gam. B. 3,28 gam. C. 10,4 gam. D. 8,2 gam.
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nCH3COOC2H5= 8,8/88 =0,1mol ; nNaOH= 0,2 . 0,2=0.04 mol
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CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH--> CH3COONa + C2H5OH
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0,1 0,04 0,04
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=>mCH3COONa = 0,04 . 82 =3,28 g
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DẠNG 3: ESTE CỦA PHENOL
Câu 1: Cho 10,2 gam phenyl axetat tác dụng với 120 ml dung dịch NaOH 1,5M đun nóng. Sau khi phản ứng xày ra hoàn
toàn thu được dung dịch X. Cô cạn dung dịch X, thu được m gam chất rắn khan. Giá trị của m là
A. 19,05. B. 14,85. C. 17,82. D. 16,05.
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phenyl axetat = CH3COOC6H5 m rắn= mCH3COONa + mC6H5ONa
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nNaOH= 1,5 . 0,12 = 0,18mol ; nCH3COOC6H5=0,075mol + mNaOH dư
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CH3COOC6H5 + 2NaOH ---> CH3COONa + C6H5ONa + H2O = 82 . 0,075 + 116 . 0,075
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0,075 0,18 0,075 0,075 + 40 . 0,03
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0,075 0,15 = 16,05
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dư 0,03
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Câu 2: Cho 0,1 mol este đơn chức X, không tham gia phản ứng tráng gương, tác dụng vừa đủ với dung dịch chứa 8 gam
NaOH. Sau phản ứng tổng khối lượng sản phẩm hữu cơ thu được là 19,8 gam. Khối lượng (gam) muối của axit hữu cơ là
A. 6,8. B. 8,2. C. 9,6. D. 11,6.
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nNaOH = 0,2mol
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( neste và nNaOH có tỉ lệ mol là 1:2 nên este phải là este của phenol RCOOC6H4-R')
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RCOOC6H4 + 2NaOH --> RCOONa + R'C6H4-ONa + H20
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0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1
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m thuđc = m RCOONa + m R'C6H4-ONa
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19,8= 0,1 . ( R+67) + 0,1 . (R'+ 115)
=> R+ 67 + R' + 115= 198
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=> R + R' = 16
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Nếu R= 1 thì --> HCOO-R' (loại vì có tham gia tráng gương)
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R= 15 thì --> CH3COO ----> R'=1 (H)
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Muối axit hữu cơ là CH3COONa ; 0,1 mol => m muối

Trang6
DẠNG 4: PHẢN ỨNG ĐỐT CHÁY
Câu 1: Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 7,8 gam este X thu được 11,44 gam CO2 và 4,68 gam H2O. Công thức phân tử của este là
A. C4H8O4 B. C4H8O2 C. C2H4O2 D. C3H6O2
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nCO2= 11,44/44= 0,26mol ; nH2O= 4,68/ 18= 0,26mol
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nCO2= nH2O nên este X là no, đơn chức CnH2nO2
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CnH2nO2 + (3n-2/2) O2 ----> nCO2 + nH2O
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0,26/n 0,26 0,26
(14n+32). 0,26/n =7,8
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=> n= 2
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C2H4O2
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Câu 2: Đốt cháy este no, đơn chức mạch hở E phải dùng 0,35 mol O2, thu được 0,3 mol CO2. CTPT của E là
A. C3H4O2 B. C3H6O2 C. C4H8O2 D. C5H10O2
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E là este no, đơn chức, mạch hở : CnH2nO2
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CnH2nO2 + (3n-2/2) O2 --> nCO2 + nH2O
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0,35 0,3
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tỉ lệ : n= 3
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C3H6O2
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Câu 3: Khi đốt cháy hoàn toàn một este no, đơn chức thì số mol CO2 sinh ra bằng số mol O2 đã phản ứng. Tên gọi của este là
A. metyl fomiat. B. etyl axetat. C. n-propyl axetat. D. metyl axetat.
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nO2= nCO2
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3n-2/2 = n
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=> n=2
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C2H4O2 HCOOCH3
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Câu 4: Đốt cháy 3,7g chất hữu cơ X cần dùng 3,92 lít O2 (đktc) thu được CO2 và H2O có tỉ lệ mol 1:1. Biết X tác dụng với
KOH tạo ra 2 chất hữu cơ. Vậy công thức phân tử của X là
A. C3H6O2. B. C4H8O2. C. C2H4O2. D. C3H4O2.
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X tác dụng KOH tạo ra hai chất hữu cơ=> X là este
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nCO2=nH2O=> este no đơn chức
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CnH2nO2 + (3n-2/2) O2 --> nCO2 + nH2O
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3,7/ 14n+32 + 0,175
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tỉ lệ => n=3
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Câu 5: Hỗn hợp gồm ancol đơn chức và axit đơn chức bị este hóa hoàn toàn thu đựơc một este. Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 0,11g
este này thì thu được 0,22 g CO2 và 0,09 g H2O. Vậy công thức phân tử của ancol và axit là công thức nào cho dưới đây?
A. CH4O và C2H4O2. B. C2H6O và C2H4O2.
C. C2H6O và CH2O2. D. C2H6O và C3H6O2.
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nCO2= 0,22/ 44 = 0,005mol ; nH2O = 0.09/ 18=0,005mol
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nCO2=nH2O => este no, đơn chức CnH2nO2
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CnH2nO2 + (3n-2/2) O2 --> nCO2 + nH2O
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0,11/14n+32 0,005 0,005
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Lập tỉ lệ :0,11/14n+32 = 0,005/n
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=> n= 4 C4H8O2
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Trang7
Câu 6: Tỷ khối của một este so với hiđro là 44. Khi thủy phân este đó tạo nên hai hợp chất . Nếu đốt cháy cùng lượng
mỗi hợp chất tạo ra sẽ thu được cùng thể tích CO2 ( cùng to, p). Công thức cấu tạo thu gọn của este là công thức nào dưới
đây?
A. HCOOCH3. B. CH3COOCH3. C. CH3COOC2H5. D. C2H5COOCH3.
Meste/ Mh2o = 44 => Meste = 88
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Câu 7: Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 4,4 gam hỗn hợp este gồm metyl propionat và etyl axetat cần bao nhiêu lít khí oxi (đktc) ?
A. 2,24 lít B. 1,12 lít C. 5,60 lít D. 3,36 lít
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metylpropionat : C2H5COOCH3 C4H8O2 ; neste= 0,05mol
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etyl axetat : CH3COOC2H5
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C4H8O2 + 5O2 ---> 4CO2 + 4H2O
0,05 0,25
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Vo2 = 0,25 . 22,4 =5,6l
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Câu 8: Hỗn hợp X gồm vinyl axetat, metyl axetat và etyl fomat. Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 3,08 gam X, thu được 2,16 gam H2O.
Phần trăm số mol của vinyl axetat trong X là 0,12mol
A. 75%. B. 72,08%. C. 27,92%. D. 25%.
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vinyl axetat : CH3COOCH=CH2 : C4H6O2 Pt : 86a + 74b = 3,08
3a + 3b = 0,12
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metyl axetat : CH3COOCH3 C3H6O2
=> a= 0,01mol ; b=0,03mol
etyl fomat : HCOOC2H5
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=> nX = 0,04mol
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gọi số mol C4H6O2 là a, C3H6O2 là b => %n vinylaxetat = 0,01/0,04 . 100 = 25%
C4H6O2 + 9/2 O2 ---> 4CO2 + 3H2O
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a 3a
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C3H6O2 + 9/2 O2 ---> 3O2 + 3H2O
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b 3b
Câu 9: Thực hiện phản ứng este hoá giữa axit axetic với 2 ancol no đơn chức là đồng đẳng kế tiếp nhau thu được
hỗn hợp 2 este. Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 0,1 mol hỗn hợp 2 este đó thu được 10,08 lít CO2. Hãy lựa chọn công thức cấu tạo
của 2 ancol?
A. CH3OH và C2H5OH. B. C2H5OH và CH3CH(OH)CH3.
C
C. 2 5H OH và CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH. D. n-C3H7OH và n-C4H9OH.
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nCO2 = 10,08/22,4 = 0,45mol
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Câu 10: Đốt cháy hoàn toàn m gam hỗn hợp các este no, đơn chức, mạch hở. Sản phẩm cháy được dẫn vào bình đựng
dung dịch Ca(OH)2 dư thấy khối lượng bình tăng 12,4 gam. Khối lượng kết tủa tạo ra tương ứng là
A. 12,4 gam. B. 20 gam. C. 10 gam. D. 24,8 gam.
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đốt cháy este no, đơn chức, mạch hở => nCO2 =nH2O
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CO2 + Ca(OH)2 --> CaCO3 + H2O
gọi số mol nCO2= nH2O= x 0,2 0,2
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Ta có : m bình tăng = mCO2 + m H2O => mCaCO3 = 100 . 0,2 = 20g
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12,4 = 44x + 18x
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=> x = 0,2mol
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Trang8
 Câu 11: Đốt cháy hoàn toàn m gam hỗn hợp các este no, đơn chức, mạch hở rồi cho toàn bộ sản phẩm cháy vào bình đựng
dung dịch nước vôi trong dư thì khối lượng của bình tăng thêm 6,2 gam. Hỏi khối lượng phần dung dịch trong bình sau
phản ứng thay đổi như thế nào?
A. Tăng 6,2 gam. B. Giảm 6,2 gam. C. Tăng 3,8 gam. D. Giảm 3,8 gam.
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đốt cháy este no, đơn chức, mạch hở => nCO2 =nH2O CO2 + Ca(OH)2 --> CaCO3 + H2O
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gọi số mol nCO2= nH2O= x 0,1 0,1 0,1
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Ta có : m bình tăng = mCO2 + m H2O mCaCO3 = 10g
6,2 = 44x + 18x m đem vào = mCO2 + mH2O
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=> x = 0,1mol =6,2g
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mdd giảm =10-6,2=3,8g
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Câu 12: Đốt cháy 1,7 gam este đơn chức X cần 2,52 lít O2 (đktc) thu được số mol CO2 gấp hai lần số mol nước. Đun nóng
0,01 mol X với NaOH thấy có 0,02 mol NaOH phản ứng. Biết X không có khả năng tráng gương. Chất nào có thể trực tiếp
điều chế được X trong các đáp án sau? Biết Mx < 140 đvC.
A. Phenol. B. Axit acrylic. C. Axit axetic. D. Ancol benzylic.
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nO2= 2,52/22,4 = 0,1125mol nX/ nNaOH = 0,01 : 0,02 = 1 :2
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=> X là este của phenol RCOOC6H4R'
ta có : RCOOR' + O2 --> 2CO2 + H2O
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0,1125 2a a X không tham gia tráng gương => không phải HCOO
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BTKL : 1,7 + 0,1125 . 32 = 2a. 44 + 18a CH3COOC6H5
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=> a = 0,05mol
BT(O) : 2. nX + 2 . 0,1125 = 2 . 0,1 + 1 . 0,05
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=> nX = 0,0125mol
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Số C(x) = nCO2/nX = 0,1/ 0,0125 = 8
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Số H (x) = 2nH2O / nX = 2. 0.05/ 0,0125 = 8
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=> CTPT X = C8H8O2
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DẠNG 5: PHẢN ỨNG ĐỐT CHÁY KẾT HỢP THỦY PHÂN
Câu 1: Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 1,1 g hợp chất hữu cơ X thu được 2,2 g CO2 và 0,9 g H2O. Cho 4,4 g X tác dụng vừa đủ với 50
ml dung dịch NaOH 1M thì tạo 4,8 g muối. CTCT của X là
A. C2H5COOCH3. B. CH3COOC2H5. C. C2H3COOCH3. D. C3H7COOH.
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nCO2 = 0.05mol ; nH2O = 0,05mol nNaOH = 0,05mol
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=> X là este no, đơn chức CnH2nO2 RCOOR' + NaOH --> RCOONa + R'OH
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CnH2nO2 + O2 ---> nCO2 + nH2O 0,05
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1,1/14n+32 0,05 m Muối = mRCOONa = 4,8= 0,05 . (R+ 67)
=> R = 29( C2H5)
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tỉ lệ : => n= 4
=> C4H8O2 mX= m C2H5COOR' = 4,4 =0,05 . ( R' + 73)
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=> R' = 15 => CH3
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Câu 2: Hỗn hợp X gồm các axit hữu cơ no, đơn chức, mạch hở và este no, đơn chức, mạch hở. Để phản ứng hết với m
gam X cần 400 ml dung dịch NaOH 0,5M. Nếu đốt cháy hoàn toàn m gam X thì được 0,6 mol CO2. Giá trị của m là
A. 26,4. B. 11,6. C. 8,4. D. 14,8.
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nNaOH= 0,4 . 05 = 0,2mol
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Câu 3: Chia a gam 1 este (A) làm 2 phần bằng nhau:
Phần 1: đốt cháy hoàn toàn được 4,48 lít CO2 (đktc) và 3,6 gam H2O
Phần 2: tác dụng đủ với 100ml NaOH 0,5M thu được 3g ancol
Giá trị a và CTCT thu gọn của (A) lần lượt là
A. 4,4 và C2H5COO-CH3 B. 8,8 và C2H5COO-C3H7
C. 4,4 và HCOO-C2H5 D. 8,8 và HCOO-C3H7
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Trang9
 nCO2= 4,48/22,4 = 0,2mol ; nH2O= 3,6 / 18 =0,2mol
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là este no đơn chức CnH2nO2
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nNaOH = 0,5 . 0,1 = 0,05mol
RCOOR' + NaOH --> RCOONa + R'OH
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0,05 0,05
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ancol = 3 = 0,05 . (R' + 17) => R' là 43 là C3H7
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số C : nCO2/nA = 0,2/0,05 = 4 => C4H8O2
=> m = 8,8g
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Câu 4: Khi đốt cháy hoàn toàn este X cho số mol CO2 bằng số mol H2O. Để thủy phân hoàn toàn 6,0g este X cần dùng
dung dịch chứa 0,1 mol NaOH. Công thức phân tử của este là:
A. C2H4O2 B. C3H6O2 C. C2H6O2 D. C3H4O2
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60= 14n + 32 = 2
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Câu 5: Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 10 gam este đơn chức X được 22 gam CO2 và 7,2 gam H2O. Nếu xà phòng hóa hoàn toàn 5
gam X bằng NaOH được 4,7 gam muối khan. X là
A. etyl propionat. B. etyl acrylat. C. vinyl propionat. D. propyl axetat.
CH2=CHCOOC2H5 C2H5COOCH=CH2 CH3COOC3H7
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C2H5COOC2H5
nRCOOR' = 5/ 100 = 0,05mol
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RCOOR' + NaOH --> RCOONa + R'OH
nCO2 = 0,5mol ; nH2O = 0,4mol
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este không no => CnH2n-2O2 0,05 0,05 0,05
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CnH2n-2O2 + (3n-3/2) O2--> nCO2 + (n-1)H2O M RCOONa = 4,7 ./ 0,05= 94-67 = 27 => R là CH2=CH
0,5 0,4 =>R'
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tỉ lệ => n=5 => C5H8O2
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Câu 6: Cho 2,64 gam một este của axit cacboxylic đơn chức và ancol đơn chức phản ứng vừa hết với 60 ml dung dịch
NaOH 0,5M thu được chất X và chất Y. Đốt cháy hoàn toàn m gam chất Y cho 3,96 gam CO2 và 2,16 gam nước. CTCT
của este là:
A. CH3COOCH2CH3 B. CH2=CHCOOCH3 C. CH3CH2COOCH3 D. HCOOCH2CH2CH3
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nNaOH = 0,03mol nCO2 = 3.96/ 44= 0,09mol
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RCOOR' +NaOH --> RCOONa + R'OH nH2O = 2,16/18 = 0,12mol
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0,03 0,03 nH2O > nCO2 => ancol no đơn chức
Mrcoor' = 2.64/ 0,03 = 88
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CnH2n+2O + O2 --> nCO2 + (n+1)H2O
88-32 = 56
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số C = 56/14 = 4
0,09 0,12
tỉ lệ => n = 3 => C3H8O (C3H7OH)
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=> H = 88- 32-12 .4 = 8 => RCOOC3H7
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=> C4H8O2 => HCOOC3H7
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DẠNG 6: ESTE ĐA CHỨC
Câu 1: Este X không tác dụng với Na. X tác dụng dung dịch NaOH thu được một ancol duy nhất là CH3OH và muối natri
ađipat. CTPT của X là
A. C10H18O4 B. C4H6O4 C. C6H10O4 D. C8H14O4
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Trang10
Câu 2: Chất A có CTPT C5H8O4 khi đun với dung dịch NaOH được muối X và ancol Y. Số mol Y gấp 2 lần số mol X.
Biết X nung với vôi trộn xút được CH4. CTCT của A là
A. (CH3-COO)2CH2 B. HOOC–CH2–COO–C2H5
C. CH3-COO–CH2–COO–CH3 D. CH2(COO-CH3)2
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Câu 3: Một đieste (X) xuất phát từ một axit 2 chức và 2 ancol đơn chức bậc I. Cho 0,1 mol X tác dụng với dung dịch NaOH
(phản ứng vừa đủ) thu được 13,4 gam muối và 9,2 gam hỗn hợp ancol. Vậy công thức của X là
A. CH3-OOC-COO-CH2-CH3 B. CH3-OOC-CH2-COO-C2H5
C. C2H5-OOC-COO-CH2-CH=CH2 D. CH3OOC-COOCH2CH2CH3
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dieste : R(COOR')2
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R(COOR')2 + 2NaOH-----> NaOOC-R-COONa + 2R'OH
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0,1 0,1 0,2
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M muối = R + 134 = 13,4/ 0,1 => R= 0
M ancol = 9,2/ 0,2 = 2( R' + 17) => R'= 6
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Câu 4: X chứa (C, H, O) mạch thẳng. Lấy 0,1 mol X tác dụng vừa đủ 0,2 mol NaOH thu được 0,1 mol muối và 0,2 mol
một ancol có tỷ khối hơi so với oxi là 1. CTCT của X là
A. (CH3COO)2C2H4 B. C4H9COOCH3
C. HOOC- CH2-CH2-CH2-COO-CH3 D. CH3-OOC-CH2-CH2-COO-CH3
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M ancol =32 => CH3OH
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nX : nNaOH = 1:2 => este 2 chức
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Câu 5: Hợp chất hữu cơ mạch hở X có công thức phân tử C6H10O4. Thuỷ phân X tạo ra hai ancol đơn chức có số nguyên
tử cacbon trong phân tử gấp đôi nhau. Công thức của X là
A. CH3OCO-CH2-COOC2H5. B. C2H5OCO-COOCH3.
C. CH3OCO-COOC3H7. D. CH3OCO-CH2-CH2-COOC2H5.
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loại trừ đáp án
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Câu 6: Khi thủy phân 0,01 mol este X của một rượu đa chức và axit đơn chức, phải dùng 0,8g NaOH. Mặt khác, khi thủy
phân 32g X cần 16g NaOH thu được 32,8g muối. CTCT thu gọn của X là
A. (CH3COO)2C2H4 B. (CH2=CHCOO)3C2H3
C. (CH3COO)2C3H6 D. (C2H3COO)3C3H5
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Câu 7: Hợp chất hữu cơ no, đa chức X có công thức phân tử C7H12O4. Cho 0,1 mol X tác dụng vừa đủ với 100 gam dung
dịch NaOH 8% thu được chất hữu cơ Y và 17,8 gam hỗn hợp muối. Công thức cấu tạo thu gọn ủa X là
A. CH3OOC–(CH2)2–COOC2H5. B. CH3COO–(CH2)2–COOC2H5.
C. CH3COO–(CH2)2–OOCC2H5. D. CH3OOC–CH2–COO–C3H7.
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