PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY: Who is Sigmund Freud? « Founder of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic theories « Based on the belief that developmental changes occur because of the influence of internal drives and emotions on behavior. Stages of mind: The Conscious Mind + Everything that we are aware of + Aspect of our mental processing that we can think and talk about rationally Preconscious Mind + Memory + Not always part of consciousness but can be retrieved easily at any time and brought into our awareness The Unconscious Mind + Reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges and memories that is outside of our conscious awareness. The Unconscious Mind + Most are unacceptable or unpleasant such as pain, anxiety or conflict + Tend to influence our behavior and experience even though we are unaware of these underlying influences Freud's Psychosexual Development + Personality develops primarily in the Unconscious Mind + Three Structures of Personality - ID - EGO - SUPEREGO. Freud's Psychosexual Development « ID - Innate - Seeks immediate gratification - “pleasure is good and nothing else matters" ~ Libido (psychosexual energy) was described as the driving force behind pleasure-seeking behavior - Freud's Psychosexual Development » EGO ~ Rational : obeys Reality Principle ~ Develops in the first 2 years of life - Holds ID in check and helps it achieve gratification within confines of reality . Freud's Psychosexual Development » SUPEREGO ~ Learned ~ Inhibits the ID urges : complete counterpart ~ Works as the moral consciousness of the mind (tells us what is right and wrong) DEFENSE MECHANISMS : Ways of thinking about a situation that a person might use to reduce anxiety * Anxiety is produced from the conflict of the ID, EGO and SUPEREGO Personality develops through a series of childhood stages during which the pleasure- seeking energies of the ID become focused on certain erogenous areas + If each stage is successful = healthy personality « If certain issues not resolved ~ FIXATION is a persistent focus on an earlier psychosexual stage. The individual will remain “stuck” in this stage if not resoled 1. THE ORAL STAGE « AGE : 0-2 years old (infancy) + PLEASURE : Oral Stimulation ~ Rooting and sucking reflex is important - The mouth is vital for eating, therefore survival - CONFLICT : Weaning Process - The child must become less dependent upon caretakers 2.. THE ORAL STAGE SUCCESS : develops a sense of trust and comfort ~ Infant is entirely depended upon caretakers who are responsible for feeding the child - FIXATION : - individual would have issues with dependency or aggression - Problems in drinking, eating, smoking. or nail biting‘THE ANAL STAGE : AGE : 2-3 years old - PLEASURE : Controlling Bladder and Bowel movements oa CONFLICT : Toilet Training THE ANAL STAGE » SUCCESS : Competent, Productive and Creative Adults — There is a sense of accomplishment and independence ~ depends upon the way in which parents approach toilet training - Praise and rewards encourage positive outcomes and help children feel productive THE ANAL STAGE » FIXATION : ~ Anal-Expulsive Personality - Parents are too lenient * Individual has a messy, wasteful, or destructive personality — Anal-Retentive Personality - Parents are too strict + Individual is stringent, orderly, rigid and obsessive. THE PHALLIC STAGE + AGE : 3-7 years old:Genitals (Self-Pleasure) - CONFLICT : - Oedipus Complex + Boy develops sexual (pleasurable) desires for his mother + Want to possess his mother exclusively and get rid of his father PLEASURE : Genitals (Self-Pleasure) + CONFLICT : - Oedipus Complex - But the boy thinks that if his father finds out, his father would take away what he loves the most. During this stage, what the boy loves the most is his genital part. This is called castration anxiety. CONFLICT : - Electra Complex + Less than satisfactory + Girl desires the father but realizes she does not have a penis « This leads to development of penis envy and the wish to be a boy SUCCESS : - Identification - internally adopting the values, attitudes and behaviors of another person « the little boy sets out to resolve this problem by imitating, copying and joining in masculine dad-type behaviors FIXATION : - Repression + The girl blames her mother for her “castrated state” and this creates great tension + The girl then represses her feelings to remove tension and identifies with the mother to take on the female gender role. She represses her desire for her father and substituting the wish for a penis with the wish for a baby. 4. THE LATENCY STAGE - AGE : 7-11 years old + PLEASURE : Intellectual pursuits and Social Interaction - Libido is dormant and suppressed - Begins around the time children go to school and become more concerned with peer relationships, hobbies and other interests - Time of exploration, Sexual energy is still present but is directed to other areas in intellectual pursuits and social interactions — Play becomes confined to other children of the same gender . THE LATENCY STAGE - SUCCESS : - Development of Social and Communication Skills and Confidence - Developing the Defense Mechanisms. 5.THE GENITAL STAGE - AGE: 11 to Adulthood - PLEASURE : Heterosexual Pleasure rather than Self-Pleasure » CONFLICT : Fixation in other Psychosexual Stages + SUCCESS : - Well-balanced, warm and caring individual — Settling down in a loving one-to-one relationship with another person in our 20's — Proper outlet of sexual instincts through heterosexual intercourse + FIXATION : Sexual Perversions ~ Fixation at Oral Stage may result to a person gaining sexual pleasure primarily from kissing and oral sex rather than sexual intercourse.SIGMUND FREUD'S THEORY ol PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT Sey eM Ore Seem) SEO ne rg ¥18 month or 2 years to 3 years ¥ Mouthis the first representativesexorgan | V Anusor Urethrais the representative sex PNM seca CLUE eH organ for providing pleasure to the children. Dee Marlen yer Stage 4 : The Latency Stage ¥30r4 to6 years MACs ue mec e Ue Sma cles eC EMC eee BCLs le soy OPN Us ce AOL Ural ech ¥Sex drives in this period are latent. Stage 5 : The Genital Stage Aaa eoy ela Peele nu te ese oe STEN Caceell eros ld