QB Vii SSC

PODAR INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
Periodic Test 2 (2022-23)

Grade : VII QUESTION BANK Subject:
Social Science
Maximum Marks: 20 Duration: 1hr
General Instructions:
1) The paper is of 10 marks.
2) There are 03 questions in the form of Multiple Choice Questions for 1
mark each.
3) There are 02 questions in the form of Long Questions for 2 marks each.
4) There are 03 questions in the form of Short Questions for 1 mark each.
5) Read the questions carefully.
CB/VIII/2223 Periodic Test 2 Page 1 of 2

Who devised the bandobast or zabti system for taxation in the
Mughal Empire?
A. Raja Man Singh
B. Raja Todar Mal
C. Abu Fazl
D. Sher Shah Suri
Q1. In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (R) and
Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option:
Assertion (A):Subjugation of Gujarat was important to Akbar for his expansion policy.
Reason (A): Gujarat had most fertile land in India.
Options:
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is correct but R is wrong.
D. A is wrong but R is correct.
Q2. Between whom the second battle of Panipat was fought?

A. Babur and Ibrahim Lodi
B. Humayun and Sher Shah Suri
C. Akbar and Hemu
D. Akbar and Bahadur Shah
Q3. Who among the following worked as the regent of Akbar?

A. Hasan Khan Mewati
B. Bairam Khan
C. Farid Khan
D. Daud Khan
Q4. The battle of Haldighati was fought between:

A. Mughal forces and Raja Todar Mal

B. Mughal forces and Man Singh
C. Mughal forces and RanaPratap
D. Mughal forces and Amar Singh
Q5. Which one of the following Mughal Emperors granted permission to the English trading
companies to establish a factory at Surat?
A. Humayun
B. Akbar
C. Jahangir
D. Shah Jahan
Q6. What was the chief source of income to the Mughal Empire?
A. Land revenue
B. Plunder
C. Religious endowments
D. Imperial household
Q7. Who was the head of the administrative system in the Mughal Empire and held absolut
power?
A. Chief Qazi
B. Muhtasib
C. Emperor
D. Mansabdar
Q9. …………………….. was a brilliant military general and a stern disciplinarian.

A. Babur
B. Sher Shah
C. Bahadur Shah
D. Aurangzeb
Q.10……………………………. administration became the model which was followed by emperors su
A. Babur’s
B. Sher Shah’s

C. Bahadur Shah’s
D. Aurangzeb’s
Q.11 Another notable military triumph of Jahangir was the capture of the fort of ……………………
A. Chausa
B. Chanderi
C. Kangra
D. Malwa
Q.12 Humayun defeated ……………………………………………., the ruler of Gujarat and captured entir
Gujarat and Malwa.
A. Babur
B. Sher Shah
C. Bahadur Shah
D. Aurangzeb
Q. 13 Who were called Khalifas or Caliphs?

A. Successors of the Prophet Muhammad
B. Kings of the Umayyad dynasty only
C. Kings of the Abbasid dynasty only
D. Kings ruling from the capital at Damascus
Q.14 What was the main reason of Mahmud Ghazni's expeditions in India?
A. He wanted to rule the country.
B. He wanted to plunder the rich temple towns and acquire wealth.
C. He wanted to make these places famous.
D. He wanted to expand his kingdom.
Q.15 Which of the following countries Muhammad Ghori belonged to?

A. Saudi Arabia
B. Turkey

C. Afghanistan
D. Mongolia
Q.16 Which of the following battles laid the foundation of Turkish rule in India?
A. First battle of Tarain
B. Second battle of Tarain
C. Battle of Chandawar
D. First battle of Panipat
Q.17 What was the main reason for the success of Ghori's expeditions against India?
A. Unity among the Indian kings
B. Political disunity among the Indian kings
C. Presence of effective Indian leadership
D. Indian kings were not dependent on feudatory chiefs
Q.18 Who among the following was appointed Governor for Muhammad Ghori's
conquered territories of India?
A. Iltutmish
B. Nasiruddin Mahmud
C. Ghiyasuddin Balban
D. Qutbuddin Aibak
Q.19 What was chahalgani?

A. A group of the Turkish nobles
B. A group of the Afghan nobles
C. A group of the Mongol nobles
D. A group of the Indian kings
Q. 20 Who among the following Mamluk Sultans expanded the Sultanate in the South?
A. Iltutmish

B. Nasiruddin Mahmud
C. Ghiyasuddin Balban
D. Qutbuddin Aibak
Q. 21 Who established the Khalji dynasty?

A. Alauddin Khalji
B. Jalaluddin Khalji
C. Malik Kafur
D. Shihabuddin Khalji
Q. 22 What was the important duty of the muqti?

A. to provide military assistance to the Sultan
B. to control prices of commodities
C. to enable soldiers to lead their life on a moderate pay
D. to raise the raise the rate of taxation in Doab.
HIGHLIGHTED MCQS TO BE EXCLUDED AS THEY ARE NOT THE

PART OF SYLLABUS FOR PERIODIC TEST II
Very Short Answer questions:
Answer the following questions in 10 to 20 words.
a) Who were the two Rajput kings admitted into the Mughal administration
by Akbar?
Ans Akbar admitted Rajput kings such as Raja Todar Mal and Man Singh into
the Mughal
administration.
b) What was the name of a new religion founded by Akbar?
Ans Din-i-Ilahi or divine faith was the name of a new religion founded by Akbar.
c) Between whom the Battle of Haldighati was fought?

Ans The battle of Haldighati was fought between Rana Pratap and the
Mughal forces.
d) What was the permission the English obtained from Jahangir?
Ans The English obtained permission from Jahangir to establish a factory at Surat.
e) Who was called as Zinda Pir?
Ans Aurangzeb was regarded as Zinda Pir or the Living Saint.
Answer the following questions in brief.

a) What problems Humayun had to face since the time of his accession?
Ans: Humayun faced antagonism from his brothers. He had to fight against the
imminent danger posed by the Afghans in the East led by Sher Khan (later known
as Sher Shah Suri). Humayun defeated the formidable Bahadur Shah, the ruler of
Gujarat and captured entire Gujarat and Malwa. However, Bahadur Shah soon
managed to recapture the provinces.
b) How did Humayun re-establish the Mughal rule in India?
Ans: After the death of Sher Shah, his weak and incompetent successors plunged
the whole empire into a state of anarchy. In 1555 CE, Humayun took the
advantage of the disturbed situation and succeeded in recapturing his lost
dominions Delhi and Agra from Sher Shah’s successors, and thus, re-established
the Mughal rule in India.
c) Jahangir was not only an educated prince but also an able administrator.
Explain.
Ans: During Jahangir’s rule, the English obtained permission to establish a factory
at Surat. He had a remarkable knowledge of the Persian language and was an
excellent writer. His Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri is an excellent example that shows his
capacity to produce literary work. It is a valuable source about his reign.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
Write short notes.

a) Bairam Khan
Ans: Bairam Khan was Akbar’s tutor and Humayun’s faithful and experienced
general. After the death of Humayun, Bairam Khan acted as Akbar’s regent. Soon
after Akbar’s accession, Hemu captured Agra, Delhi, and declared himself the
ruler of Delhi. However, Bairam Khan took energetic steps and marched on Delhi.
The Mughals regained Agra and Delhi. After few years, Akbar dismissed Bairam
Khan. During Bairam Khan’s regency, Gwalior, Ajmer, Jaunpur were added to the
Mughal Empire.
b) Battle with Rana Pratap

Many Rajput kings had accepted Akbar’s sovereignty. The only ruler who refused
to accept the Mughal suzerainty was Rana Pratap, the Rajput ruler of Mewar. In
1576 CE, the famous Battle of Haldighati was fought between Rana Pratap and
the Mughal forces. Rana Pratap was defeated in the battle but he continued the
struggle to recover Chittor. His struggle to free his kingdom from the clutches of
Mughal control is still honoured in Rajasthan.
c) Division of provinces under Akbar

Ans: Akbar divided the Mughal Empire into provinces called subas, governed by a
subedar. Each suba consisted of several sarkars and these were further divided
into parganas. Each pargana comprised many villages. Each village had its village
headman known as the muqadam and the patwari who maintained the records of
revenue. After the Deccan conquest, three subas, namely, Berar, Khandesh and
Ahmednagar were added.

SHORT / LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
Answer the following questions in detail.

a) What was Akbar’s policy towards Rajput?
Ans: Akbar followed a policy of reconciliation with the Rajput’s to realise his
dream of an empire. He admitted Rajput kings such as Raja Todar Mal and Man
Singh into the Mughal administration. He entered into a matrimonial alliance with
the Rajputs, which cemented his relations with the Rajput rulers. His marriage
with Harkha Bai, daughter of the ruler of Amber, displayed his secular policy
towards the Hindus. Most of the Rajput rulers declared their allegiance to Akbar
and recognised his supremacy. He returned the land (watan) of the defeated
kings as assignments (watan jagir) and treated them honourably.
b) Discuss Aurangzeb’s role in establishing the Mughal Empire.
Ans: Aurangzeb ruled for almost fifty years till his death. He remained in the
northern India from 1658 CE to 1681 CE. During the second half of his rule, he
remained in Deccan from 1681 CE to 1707 CE. He annexed Bijapur (1685 CE) and
Golconda (1687 CE). His empire extended farther than even before but the revolts
of various groups made equally difficult to hold the empire together. By the year
1690 CE, Aurangzeb had already reached the zenith of his power and had
conquered almost the whole of India. His rule extended from Kabul to Chittagong
and from Kashmir to river Kaveri.
c) How did the jagirdari system cause burden on peasantry?

Ans: Mansabdars received their salaries in the form of revenue collected
from the assigned land called jagir. The holder of the jagir was called
jagirdar. During Akbar’s reign, these jagirs were carefully assessed so that

the revenue obtained from the jagir was equivalent to the salary of
mansabdar. By Aurangzeb’s reign, the revenue collected was often less than
the fixed amount. Sometimes mansabdars had to long wait to receive their
jagir due to the increase in the number of mansabdars resulting in the
shortage of jagirs. Therefore, many jagirdars collected maximum revenue
from the jagir they had, causing tremendous burden on the peasantry.
How did Babur establish the Mughal rule in India?
Ans.
 The unstable political situation in Northwest India provided the

opportunity for Babur to march into India.
 By taking advantage of the occasion, Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in
the First Battle of Panipat (1526 CE) and brought Delhi and Agra under
his control.
 Babur then strengthened his position in Northern India by defeating
Rana Sanga, the ruler of Mewar in the Battle of Khanwa (1527 CE) and by
capturing number of forts such as Gwalior, Dholpur.
 He took over the large parts of Alwar from Hasan Khan Mewati.
 He then captured the fort of Chanderi from Medini Rai of Chanderi
in Malwa.
 Another important military achievement was in the Battle of Ghagra fought
in 1529 CE.
 Babur inflicted a crushing defeat on the joint forces of Afghan and
the Sultan of Bengal.
 All these military campaigns helped Babur to establish Mughal rule in
India. He could not enjoy long the fruits of his triumph and died in 1530 CE.
Write about the reforms carried out by Sher Shah.
Ans The reforms carried out by Sher Shah are as follows :
 His land revenue reforms served as the model for future agrarian system.
CB/VIII/2223 Periodic Test 2 Page 10 of

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 He introduced a silver coin rupee or rupia. His currency and tariff
reforms facilitated the growth of trade and commerce.
 He built an excellent chain of roads and connected the important places of
his empire. The Grand Trunk Road was the longest road of all the major
roads that he built. He built sarais along the roads for the travellers to take
rest.
 His reforms also included improvement of communication and
maintenance of a strong and large army. He reorganised the police
system to secure peace and order.
 He contributed signifi cantly in the fi eld of architecture. He constructed a
magnifi cent tomb for himself at Sasaram in Bihar, Purana Qila at Delhi
and Quila-i-Kunha Masjid in the fort.
What was the mansabdari system of Akbar?
Ans Akbar’s introduced the mansabdari which was a significant system of

the Mughal army.
 Akbar needed a strong standing army for his territorial expansion and
to maintain his hold over it.
 The word mansab denotes the position or rank of the holder. Mansab was
a grading system used to fix the rank and salary of the mansabdars.
 It also fixed the military responsibilities of the mansabdar. Every officer
was assigned a rank. The ranks were divided into two categories, namely,
zat and sawar.
 The word zat means personal which fi xed the personal status and salary of
a mansabdar. The sawar indicated the specifi ed number of cavalrymen
which was to be maintained by the mansabdar.
 The highest rank was 5000 and the lowest was 10 for the nobles. However,
Princes of royal family received higher ranks.
Describe the land revenue policy of Akbar.
 Ans The chief source of income to the Mughal Empire was land
revenue including the tax on the produce of the peasantry.

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 Akbar’s revenue minister, Raja Todar Mal, devised the bandobast or
zabti system.
 He carried out a careful survey for a ten year period focusing on crop
yields, prices and areas cultivated. On the basis of gathered data, tax was
fixed in cash on each crop.
 Provinces were divided into revenue circles. It had its own scheme
of revenue rates for separate crops.
 The intermediaries who collected the land revenue were called as
zamindars.
Write in brief about Shah Jahan’s reign.
 Ans Shah Jahan or Prince Khurram ascended the throne in 1628 CE.
 Mughal campaigns to bring Deccan under its control were continued during
Shah Jahan’s rule.
 His reign was noteworthy for successes against the Deccan states.
 Ahmednagar had been seized, Golconda and Bijapur were forced
to become vassals and acknowledged him as overlord.
 Shah Jahan shifted his capital from Agra to Delhi building a new city of
Shahjahanabad there
 Under his reign,architecture flourished and witnessed tremendous growth.
 Its crowning achievement was the Taj Mahal at Agra.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
Choose the correct option. (1 mark each)

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1. What is female foeticide?
A. Remarriage of a widow. B.
Killing of the girl child.
C. The crime of killing a baby that has not yet been born.
D. Willingness to do what other people want.
2. What do you mean by stereotypes?

A. All boys are superior in class
B. Rich people are higher in class
C. A set idea that people have about what someone or something is like
D. None of these
3. Who among the following became India's first woman anthropologist?

A. Irawati Karve
B. Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain
C. Sarojini Naidu
D. Mahashweta Devi
4. Which are the languages Rokeya Sakhawat learned?

A. Bangla
B. English
C. Both of the above
D. None of the above
5. Who was instrumental in the passing of the Hindu Widows Remarriage Act in
1856?
A. Swami Dayanand Saraswati
B. Swami Vivekanand
C. Raja Rammohan Roy
D. Ishwarchand Vidyasagar
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6. What is female infanticide?
A. Killing of a boy child in the mother's womb.
B. Killing of a girl child in the mother's womb.
C. Paying attention to women's health.
D. Neglecting the health of women.
7. Who among the following authored the book

'Yuganta'? A. Mahashweta Devi
B. Irawati Karve
C. Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain
D. Pandita Ramabai
8. Which of the following correctly describes 'gender'?

A. Economically acquired characteristics, roles and attributes connected to
the individual's sex
B. Politically acquired characteristics, roles and attributes connected to
C. Socially acquired characteristics, roles and attributes connected to the
individual's sex
D. Educationally acquired characteristics, roles and attributes connected to
9. What is the minimum legal age of marriage for women in India?

A. 16 years
B. 18 years
C. 20 years
D. 25 years

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10.Which one of the following social reformer played a major role in the
abolition of Sati?
A. Ishwarchand Vidyasagar
B. Raja Rammohan Roy
C. Swami Dayanand Saraswati
D. Swami Vivekanand
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Give reasons
a) Gender and sex are two terms that are often confused and used
interchangeably.
Ans: Sex refers to the biological differences between men and women whereas gender is
socially acquired characteristics, roles and attributes connected to the individual’s sex;
that a society considers appropriate for an individual. The different roles given to boys
and girls as deemed fit by the society they live in are known as gender.
b) Stereotyping of boys and girls begins at a very young age.

Buying cars as toys for boys and dolls for girls is the most common example. We
assume that boys do not play with dolls and girls are not happy with cars. Boys are
taught to be tough whereas girls are taught to be soft and subservient to others.
a) The Later Vedic period witnessed the deterioration of women’s status

in society.
Ans: Women were considered inferior to men. They were not granted any share in
their husband’s or father’s property. Women were denied education and many
restrictions were imposed on them.
Answer the following questions in brief.

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a) Write about the contribution of RokeyaSakhawatHossain.
Ans: RokeyaSakhawatHossainis a famous writer who opened a girls’ school in Kolkata in
1910. Although Rokeya learnt to read and write Urdu as she was from a rich family, she
was not allowed to study English and Bengali. She struggled her way to learn these
languages and published her famous book, Sultana’s Dream in 1905.
b) How was the life of women during the Rig Vedic Period?
Ans: During the Rig Vedic period in ancient India, women were respected and given
equal status as men. They were allowed to participate in meetings and religious
ceremonies. Women were educated and some composed hymns too. Widows were
allowed to remarry and had an equal share in their husband’s and father’s property.
c) Discuss the reforms introduced by the social reformers to uplift the position of
women.
Ans: Raja Rammohan Roy played a major role in the abolition of Sati, a practice in which
a woman burnt herself in her dead husband’s pyre. IshwarchandVidyasagar was
instrumental in the passing of the Hindu Widows Remarriage Act in 1856. Swami
DayanandSaraswati opened many schools and colleges for women.
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

Answer the following questions in detail.
a) Irawati Karve changed the way people looked at women’s learning in modern India.
Explain
Ans: Irawati Karvestudied in a boarding school at Pune. She graduated in Philosophy from
Fergusson College in Pune and completed her Masters inSociology from Mumbai
University. She went to Kaiser Wilhem Institute For Anthropology, Eugenics and Human
Heredity to do her Ph.D. andbecame India’s first anthropologist. She taught Sociology
at the Deccan College, Pune and became the Head of the Department of Sociology and
Anthropology. She conducted research on kinship, art, folk songs and oraltraditions as
well. She wrote many books such as Yuganta, Kinship Organisation in India, Hindu
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Society – An Interpretation,etc. She was elected as the President of the Anthropology
department of the Indian Science Congress in 1947. She was also offered a
lectureship in the School of Oriental and African Studies at London University.
b) Elucidate the contribution of Mahashweta Devi in the field of literature.

Ans: Born toliterary parents, Mahashweta Devi had close connections with cultural
andpolitical organizations of Bengal. Initially, she worked as a schoolteacher and wrote
for a journal. Nati, HajarChurashir Ma, Rudali,ChattiMunda Evan Tar Tir and
BioscoperBaksho are some of herpopular works. Her book, Jhansir Rani or the The Rani
of Jhansi isthe biography of the Queen of Jhansi, Rani LaxmiBai who bravelyfought
against the British in 1857. Mahashweta Devi wrote aboutthe common man,
untouchables and tribal people. She has written over a 100 books which include novels,
children’s stories and plays. She is alsoassociated with tribal organizations.
c) Write about women empowerment.

Ans: Provision of equal opportunities to women in social, economic and political fields is
termed as women empowerment. Educated men themselves have supported the cause of
women empowerment. This change in the attitude of women and men has not taken place
overnight. As read earlier, this changing trend started way back in the 19th century when
social reformers such as Raja Rammohan Roy, IshwarchandVidyasagar, Swami
DayanandSaraswati, etc. appeared on the national scene. These social reformers were
supported by women such as Annie Besant, PanditaRamabai and Sarojini Naidu over the
years. Women have opposed gender discrimination and violence against them through
rallies, campaigns, protests and through showing solidarity for women’s causes.
Q4. Answer the following questions in 10 to 20 words.

a) How does gender differ from sex?
Ans: Sex refers to the biological differences between men and
women whereas gender is socially acquired characteristics, roles and
attributes connected to the individual’s sex; that a society considers
appropriate for an individual.

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b) What do you understand by the term ‘widow remarriage’?
Ans: After the death of husband when the widow marries another man
is called widow remarriage.
c) Explain the term ‘stereotype’.
Ans: A set idea that people have about what someone or something
is like, especially an idea that is wrong is known as stereotype.
Q5. Answer the following questions in 50 to 70 words.

a) Write a brief note on gender inequality and its
causes. Ans:
1. The Later Vedic period witnessed the deterioration of women’s
status in society. Women were considered inferior to men. They were
not granted any share in their husband’s or father’s property. Women
were denied education and many restrictions were imposed on them.
2. This tradition and belief has been handed down for generations. As
studied earlier, girls are believed to be a burden as they go to their
in-laws house whereas a boy is welcomed as he is believed to be the
breadwinner of the house.
3. These factors have led to other issues such as neglect of female
health and education. Illiteracy and attitude towards women is a major cause of
gender inequality.
4. Women are not portrayed as an individual; they are always
shown as ideal daughters, wives, sisters and mothers.
b) How is gender inequality connected to the other forms of social
inequality?
Ans: 1. Girls belonging to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
drop out of schools because of the ill treatment meted out to them
by others.
2. People in general, as well as the mass media reinforce stereotypes
which makes it difficult for people to change their views.
3. Women are not portrayed as an individual; they are always
shown as ideal daughters, wives, sisters and mothers.
4. During the Rig Vedic period in ancient India, women were
respected and given equal status as men. They were allowed to
participate in meetings and religious ceremonies. Women were

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educated and some composed hymns too.
5. The caste based discrimination goes in the same way that the
lower caste were also not allowed to participate in meetings and
religious ceremonies.
c) What are the different steps taken by the government toeradicate
gender inequality?
Ans: The Government has upheld the cause of women empowerment and
women’s movement in many ways.
1. It has passed many laws that abolish social evils such as sati ,
dowry, child marriage, female foeticide, female infanticide, etc.
2. The Government has passed laws raising the minimum age of
marriage to 18 years and legalising widow remarriage.
3. The Government has taken steps to promote education which
is one of the major causes of gender inequality in India.
4. The Girl Child Protection Scheme was launched by
the Government to protect the girl child.
5. Laws have been passed that grant equal share to women in
their husband’s and father’s property.
6. Programmes have also been launched to increase economic
opportunities for women.
d) Write about the Women’s Movement.

Ans:
1. These social reformers in the 19th century such as Raja
Rammohan Roy, Ishwarchand Vidyasagar, Swami Dayanand
saraswati, etc. appeared on the national scene.
2. They were supported by women such as Annie Besant, Pandita
Ramabai and Sarojini Naidu over the years. This struggle to bring
about these changes is known as women’s movement.
3. Women have opposed gender discrimination and violence against
them through rallies, campaigns, protests and through showing
solidarity for women’s causes.
4. Women in rural India have also participated in women’s
movements and have shown remarkable progress.
5. They work hand to hand with men in the fields, factories,

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handicrafts, etc.
GEOGRAPHY _ COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Choose the appropriate option.
a) Which of the following is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?

i) nitrogen ii) carbon dioxide
iii) oxygen iv) water vapour
b) Which layer acts as a protective shield against meteors?

i) troposphere ii) stratosphere
iii) mesosphere iv) thermosphere
c) The weather satellites that orbit the earth are positioned in which layer?
i) exosphere ii) stratosphere
d) Which layer of atmosphere is also known as ionosphere?

i) stratosphere ii) mesosphere
iii) thermosphere iv) exosphere
e) is the outermost layer of the atmosphere that merges with the

outer space.
f) layer of the atmosphere absorbs the maximum amount of heat

radiated by the earth.
i) troposphere ii) stratosphere
g) is a transitional zone that separates the stratosphere from

the mesosphere.

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i) stratopause ii) mesopause
iii) tropopause iv) ionosphere
h) layer is made up of light gases like hydrogen and helium.

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. What is normal lapse rate?
Ans. The temperature Troposhere layer decreases as we go higher. The
temperature decreases roughly at the rate of 1°C for every 165 metre altitude
gained. This is known as the normal lapse rate.was composed at this time.
2. Why is thermosphere important?
Ans. The layer contains electrically charged particles known as ions. These
ions facilitate the transmission of radio waves and enable us to have wireless
communication.
3. What is global warming?
Ans. Global warming is an increase in the average temperature of the earth’s
surface.
4. Name the important gases found in the atmosphere.
Ans. The atmosphere is composed of approximately 78% of nitrogen and 21%
of oxygen. The rest of the gases – argon, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, helium,
neon and ozone are found in less quantity in the atmosphere.
5. What is an aurora?
Ans. The electrically charged particles cause a dazzling, sparkling light near the
two poles in the northern (Aurora Borealis) and southern (Aurora Australia) skies,
and are known as aurora.
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

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a) State any three features of the stratosphere. Why is it important?
Ans
● It extends up to a height of 50 km from the surface of the earth.
● The upper limit of the stratosphere is known as stratopause. It is a
transitional zone that
separates the stratosphere from the mesosphere.
● This layer is important as it contains the ozone gas. The ozone gas protects
the earth from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun.
b) Explain how is greenhouse effect created.
Ans
● A greenhouse is a glasshouse, where both walls and roofs are made of
glass. ●This glass allows sunlight to enter but it does not allow it to exit.
●Therefore, it is comparatively warmer inside the glasshouse than the
surroundings. ● A greenhouse is used in temperate regions to grow tropical
fruits and flowers. ●Some of the gases in the atmosphere have the same
properties; it allows solar radiation to penetrate through the atmosphere and
then traps it.
● Carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, ozone and water vapour are
the notable greenhouse gases.
● With the increase in human activities, the proportion of these gases is
increasing. ●So the amount of heat being trapped is raising the temperature of
the earth.
c) Explain the significance of the atmosphere for life on planet Earth.
Ans.
The atmosphere is of great significance for the survival of all forms of life.
It is important to us in the following ways:
● It protects us from meteors and other cosmic particles. These particles
burn on entering
the earth’s atmosphere.

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● It contains oxygen, which is essential for sustaining all forms of life
on earth.
● It also contains nitrogen and carbon dioxide which is essential for the
growth and
development of plants.
● It protects the earth from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun.
● It prevents heat from escaping the earth’s surface, thereby maintaining
a favourable
temperature.
● It supports the formation of clouds and rain.
● It facilitates wireless communication.
d) Differentiate between mesosphere and thermosphere.
Mesosphere Thermosphere
Mesosphere is layer of the earth's Thermosphere is the layer of the
atmosphere that is directly above the earth's atmosphere directly above the
stratosphere and directly below the mesosphere and directly below the
thermosphere. exosphere
This layer extends up to a height of 80 This layer extends up to a height of
km from the Mean Sea Level. about
400 km from the earth’s surface.
The temperature in this layer The temperature in this layer starts
decreases with altitude. It is the rising with
coldest layer with the altitude; it even goes up to 1500°C.
temperature dropping down to -100°C.
e) What are the main causes of global warming?

Ans Some of the causes of global warming are as follows:
1. Depletion of ozone layer -In recent years, depletion in the ozone layer
has been observed especially near the poles. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
used in refrigerators and air conditioners is one of the major factor
responsible for the depletion of ozone.
2. Greenhouse effect in the atmosphere- The greenhouse effect is the way
in which heat is trapped close to Earth's surface by “greenhouse
2
gases.” These heat-trapping gases can be thought of as a blanket
wrapped around Earth, keeping the planet warmer than it would be
without them.
3. Deforestation- Plants and trees are essential for absorbing excess
carbon dioxide in the air. However, clearing away of forests have posed
dangers to life on a large scale. There are not enough trees to absorb the
carbon dioxide present in the air.
Burning of fossil fuels- Activities such as burning of fossil fuels such as coal and
natural gas also increase the amount of carbon
Q. IMultiple Choice Questions.[3]

1) The intermediaries who collected the land revenue were called.....
(a) jamindar (b) jagirdar
(c) watandar (d) mansabdar
2) Hindu Widows Remarriage Act was passed in....

(a) 1826 (b) 1846 (c) 1836 (d) 1856
3) Which layer acts as a protective shield against meteors?

(a) mesosphere (b) Stratosphere
(c) Thermosphere (d) troposphere
Q. II Very short Answer Questions [6]

1) Define : gender inequality.
Discrimination amongst men and Women Resulting In their unequal treatment on the basis
of the gender of the individual is known as gender inequality.
2) Why was Farid Khan conferred with the title of Sher Khan?
Farid Khan was conferred with the title of Sher Khan because he killed a tiger
single handedly.
3) Why the Thermosphere is also known as ionosphere?
The layer contains electrically charged particles known as ions. These ions
facilitate the transmission of radio waves and enable us to have wireless communication.
Therefore, this layer is also known as the ionosphere

2
Q. III Short Answer Questions. [6]
1) How did Nur Jahan dominate the royal Affairs during the rule of Jahangir?
Nur Jahan considerably dominated the royal Affairs. She formed a group or junta
which exerted great influence on Jahangir. Without its support no one could advance in his
career and that caused two factions in the court; one being Nur jahan, the junta and the other its
opponents. Coins were stuck in her name.
2) Explain stereotyping of boys and girls with examples.
Stereotyping of boys and girls begins at a very young age. Buying cars as toys and
dolls for girls is the most common example. Boys are taught to be tough whereas girls are
taught to be soft and subservient to others. Men should work, women should stay back at home.
Even if women work, they are expected to fulfill their roles as a home maker. Jobs are also
Stereotyped for men and women.
Q. IV Long Answer Questions. [5]
1) What causes global warming? Provide evidence to prove that global warming
has caused extinction of vegetation and wildlife.
Various human activities such as burning Of fossil fuel, Deforestation, etc
have added billions of tons of carbon dioxide in the atmosthere thereby affecting
its natural balance and causing pollution.
The increased proportion of carbon dioxide absorbs more heat. this increases the
average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere because of green house effect
which causes global warming.
Global warming has resulted in melting of the snow, ice and glaciers in some of
the coldest parts of the world.
Thus, this has caused many fold effects such as rising of the mean sea level,
depletion of fresh water resources, change in hydrological cycle and consequent
changes in climatic pattern such as amount of rainfall, formation of acid rain, etc.
This lead to extinction of some vegetation and wildlife.

4. in the atmosphere.
Q. I Select the correct option
1) The dynasty founded by Sher Shah was known as the .

2
(a) Sur dynasty (b) Mughal dynasty
(c) Slave dynasty (d) Lodi dynasty
2) ___________assumed the title of Alamgir (Conqueror of the World).
(a) Aurangzeb (b) Shah Jahan
(c) Sher Shah (d) Jahangir
3) __________are the two terms that are often used interchangeably.
(a) Sex and equality (b) Gender and sex
(c) Sex and inequality (d) Gender and inequality
4) Women have protested against gender discrimination through

. a) rallies b) protests
c) campaigns d) all of the above
5) Which of the following is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere ?

a) nitrogen b) carbon dioxide
c) Oxygen ) d) water vapour
6) Which layer of atmosphere is also known as ionosphere ?

Q. II Answer the following questions in 10-20 words.

a) What is normal lapse rate?
Answer : The temperature in this layer decreases as we go higher.

2
The temperature decreases roughly at the rate of 1°C
for every 165 metre altitude gained. This is known as the
normal lapse rate.
b) What is global warming ?
Answer : Global warming is an increase in the average temperature of
the earth’s surface. Such a rise in global temperature has some
devastating impacts on the environment of the earth and its inhabitants.
c) Explain the term ‘stereotype’.
Answer : Stereotyping of boys and girls begins at a very young age. Buying
cars as toys for boys and dolls for girls is the most common example. We
assume that boys do not play with dolls and girls are not happy with cars.
Boys are taught to be tough whereas girls are taught to be soft and
subservient to others. Most societies are of the belief that men should
work and women should stay at home.
d) How does gender differ from sex?

Answer :
Gender and Sex :
Gender and sex are two terms that are often confused and used
interchangeably. Sex refers to the biological differences between men
and women whereas gender is socially acquired characteristics, roles and

2
attributes connected to the individual’s sex; that a society considers
appropriate for an individual. The different roles given to boys and girls as
deemed fit by the society they live in are known as gender. One’s
understanding of gender depends on the society we live in. The roles of
men and women differ throughout the world.

e) Who were the two Rajput kings admitted into the Mughal
administration by Akbar?
Answer :
Akbar admitted Rajput kings such as Raja Todar Mal and Man Singh
into the Mughal administration.
Akbar entered into a matrimonial alliance with the Rajputs, which
cemented his relations with the Rajput rulers. His marriage with
Harkha Bai, the daughter of Bhara Mal, the ruler of Amber,
displayed his secular policy towards the Hindus.
f) What was the name of a new religion founded by
Akbar? Answer :
Akbar strongly believed in the policy of sulh-i-kul meaning universal
peace or ‘peace to all’. The discussions held in Ibadat Khana convinced
him that all religions had a number of good things; all religions lead to
the same goal and he found a basic unity in different faiths. Eventually in
1582 CE, these discussions and debates resulted in the formation of a
new religion, Din-i-Ilahi or divine faith. It was a blend of the religious
ideas of all the major religions acceptable to all communities in order to
promote universal brotherhood. He did not insist anyone to follow this
new religion.
Q. III Answer the following 50 words.
Q1) What was the mansabdari system of
Akbar? Answer :
Akbar’s introduced the mansabdari which was a signifi cant system of the Mughal

2
army. Akbar needed a strong standing army for his territorial expansion and to
maintain his hold over it. The word mansab denotes the position or rank of the
holder. Mansab was a grading system used to fi x the rank and salary of the
mansabdars. It also fi xed the military responsibilities of the mansabdar. Every
offi cer was assigned a rank. The ranks were divided into two categories,
namely, zat and sawar. The word zat means personal which fi xed the personal
status and salary of a mansabdar. The sawar indicated the specifi ed number of
cavalrymen which was to be maintained by the mansabdar. The highest rank
was 5000 and the lowest was 10 for the nobles. However, Princes of
royal family
received higher ranks.
Q2) Describe the land revenue policy of Akbar.
Answer :
Land revenue system
The chief source of income to the Mughal Empire was land revenue
including the tax on the produce of the peasantry. Akbar’s revenue
minister, Raja Todar Mal, devised the bandobast or zabti system. He carried
out a careful survey for a ten year period focusing on crop yields, prices
and areas cultivated. On the basis of gathered data, tax was fi xed in cash
on each crop. Provinces were divided into revenue circles. It had its own
scheme of revenue rates for separate crops. The intermediaries who
collected the land revenue were called as zamindars.
Q3) What are the main causes of global warming?
Answer :
Depletion of ozone layer
The ozone layer in the stratosphere protects our earth from harmful
ultraviolet rays of the sun. In recent years, depletion in the ozone layer has
been observed especially near the poles. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
used in refrigerators and air conditioners is one of the major factor
responsible for the depletion of ozone.
● Deforestation
2
Plants and trees are essential for absorbing excess carbon dioxide in the air.
However, clearing away of forests have posed dangers to life on a large scale.
There are not enough trees to absorb the carbon dioxide present in the air.
● Burning of fossil fuels
Activities such as burning of fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas
also increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Q4. Explain the significance of the atmosphere for life on planet Earth.
The atmosphere is of great significance for the survival of all forms of life.
It is
important to us
in the following ways:
● It protects us from meteors and other cosmic particles. These particles
burn on
entering the earth’s atmosphere.
● It contains oxygen, which is essential for sustaining all forms of life on
earth.
● It also contains nitrogen and carbon dioxide which is essential for the
growth
and development of plants.
● It protects the earth from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun.
●
IV Answer the following Question in 70 to 80 words.
Q1. Draw a well-labelled diagram showing different layers of the atmosphere.
Q2 What are the different steps taken by the government to eradicate gender
Inequality ?
Answer :
The Government has upheld the cause of women empowerment and
women’s
movement in many ways. It has passed many laws that abolish social evils
such
as sati, dowry, child marriage, female foeticide, female infanticide, etc.
The Government has passed laws raising the minimum age of marriage to

2
18 years and legalising widow remarriage.
The Government has taken steps to promote education which is one of
the major causes of gender inequality in India.
The Girl Child Protection Scheme was launched by the Government
to protect the girl child.
Laws have been passed that grant equal share to women in
their husband’s and father’s property.
Programmes have also been launched to increase economic
opportunities for women.

2

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PODAR INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

Periodic Test 2 (2022-23)

CB/VIII/2223 Periodic Test 2 Page 1 of 2

Q2. Between whom the second battle of Panipat was fought?

Q3. Who among the following worked as the regent of Akbar?

Q4. The battle of Haldighati was fought between:

CB/VIII/2223 Periodic Test 2 Page 2 of 2

Q9. …………………….. was a brilliant military general and a stern disciplinarian.

CB/VIII/2223 Periodic Test 2 Page 3 of 2

Q. 13 Who were called Khalifas or Caliphs?

Q.15 Which of the following countries Muhammad Ghori belonged to?

CB/VIII/2223 Periodic Test 2 Page 4 of 2

Q.19 What was chahalgani?

CB/VIII/2223 Periodic Test 2 Page 5 of 2

Q. 21 Who established the Khalji dynasty?

Q. 22 What was the important duty of the muqti?

HIGHLIGHTED MCQS TO BE EXCLUDED AS THEY ARE NOT THE

b) What was the name of a new religion founded by Akbar?

c) Between whom the Battle of Haldighati was fought?

CB/VIII/2223 Periodic Test 2 Page 6 of 2

d) What was the permission the English obtained from Jahangir?

e) Who was called as Zinda Pir?

Ans Aurangzeb was regarded as Zinda Pir or the Living Saint.

Answer the following questions in brief.

CB/VIII/2223 Periodic Test 2 Page 7 of 2

Write short notes.

b) Battle with Rana Pratap

c) Division of provinces under Akbar

CB/VIII/2223 Periodic Test 2 Page 8 of 2

Answer the following questions in detail.

b) Discuss Aurangzeb’s role in establishing the Mughal Empire.

c) How did the jagirdari system cause burden on peasantry?

CB/VIII/2223 Periodic Test 2 Page 9 of 2

How did Babur establish the Mughal rule in India?

 The unstable political situation in Northwest India provided the

Write about the reforms carried out by Sher Shah.

Ans The reforms carried out by Sher Shah are as follows :

CB/VIII/2223 Periodic Test 2 Page 10 of

What was the mansabdari system of Akbar?

Ans Akbar’s introduced the mansabdari which was a significant system of

Describe the land revenue policy of Akbar.

CB/VIII/2223 Periodic Test 2 Page 11 of

Write in brief about Shah Jahan’s reign.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

Choose the correct option. (1 mark each)

CB/VIII/2223 Periodic Test 2 Page 12 of

2. What do you mean by stereotypes?

3. Who among the following became India's first woman anthropologist?

4. Which are the languages Rokeya Sakhawat learned?

7. Who among the following authored the book

8. Which of the following correctly describes 'gender'?

9. What is the minimum legal age of marriage for women in India?

CB/VIII/2223 Periodic Test 2 Page 14 of

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

b) Stereotyping of boys and girls begins at a very young age.

a) The Later Vedic period witnessed the deterioration of women’s status

Answer the following questions in brief.

CB/VIII/2223 Periodic Test 2 Page 15 of

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

b) Elucidate the contribution of Mahashweta Devi in the field of literature.

c) Write about women empowerment.

Q4. Answer the following questions in 10 to 20 words.