Lab3

Files Commands

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 Files Commands

Function
Command

file Find out what kind of file it is.

cat Display the contents of a text file on the screen

head Display the first few lines of a text file.

tail Display the last few lines of a text file.

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 Files Commands(con … )

Function
Command

touch Create new file.

rm Delete a file

cp Copies a file from one location to another.

mv Moves a file to a new location, or renames it.

tac Print files in reverse

(The function of this command is to display the

file from the last to the first, which is the last line
to be the first line(
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 Files Commands(con … )

Function
Command

wc Used to find out information about a particular file ,

Count lines, words, characters in a file. ex: wc [-w] [ -l
] [-c] filename

grep Search for a pattern in a file or program

output.

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touch Command
std@ubuntu:~$ touch Ebtisam.txt

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File Command
std@ubuntu:~$ file sample.txt

std@ubuntu:~$ file sample.txt

sample.txt: empty

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File Command
std@ubuntu:~$ file sample.txt

std@ubuntu:~$ file sample.txt

sample.txt: ASCII text

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File Command
std@ubuntu:~$ file test

std@ubuntu:~$ file test

test: directory

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Cat Command
std@ubuntu:~$ cat sample.txt
sample line 1
sample line 2
sample line 3
sample line 4
sample line 5
sample line 6
sample line 7
sample line 8
sample line 9
sample line 10
sample line 11
sample line 12
sample line 13
sample line 14
sample line 15
sample line 16
sample line 17
sample line 18
sample line 19
sample line 20

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Cat Command
std@ubuntu:~$ cat file1.txt

std@ubuntu:~$ cat file1.txt

line 1
line 2

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Cat Command
std@ubuntu:~$ cat sample.txt sample1.txt
sample line 1
sample line 2
sample line 3
sample line 4
sample line 5
sample line 6
sample line 7 To read more than
sample line 8
one file in same time ,
sample line 9
sample line 10 and merge them on
sample line 11 the screen only
sample line 12
sample line 13
sample line 14
sample line 15
sample line 16
sample line 17
sample line 18
sample line 19
sample line 20

line 1
line 2

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Cat Command
std@ubuntu:~$ cat –n sample.txt sample1.txt
1 sample line 1
2 sample line 2
3 sample line 3
4 sample line 4
5 sample line 5
6 sample line 6
7 sample line 7
8 sample line 8
To read more than
9 sample line 9 one file in same time,
10 sample line 10 with merge them on
11 sample line 11 the screen only and
12 sample line 12
13 sample line 13 number each line
14 sample line 14
15 sample line 15
16 sample line 16
17 sample line 17
18 sample line 18
19 sample line 19
20 sample line 20
21
22 line 1
23 line 2

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Cat Command
std@ubuntu:~$ cat sample.txt sample1.txt
>sample2.txt

To merge more
than one file
into a new file

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Cat Command
std@ubuntu:~$ cat >sample1.txt
In the name of Allah
std@ubuntu:~$
To write in a file,
with delete all the
data that was
inside it, after
finishing typing in
the file press the
Enter key, then
press on
(Ctrl + d) to save
the file.

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Cat Command
std@ubuntu:~$ cat>>sample1.txt
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To modify inside a
file written in it
and add new data
to it while
retaining data
Previously ،press
the Enter key, then
press on
(Ctrl + d) to save
the file.

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Cat Command

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tac Command
std@ubuntu:~$ tac sample1.txt
sample line 20
sample line 19
sample line 18
sample line 17
sample line 16
sample line 15
sample line 14
sample line 13
sample line 12
sample line 11
sample line 10
sample line 9
sample line 8
sample line 7
sample line 6
sample line 5
sample line 4
sample line 3
sample line 2
sample line 1
std@ubuntu:~$
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Head Command
std@ubuntu:~$ head sample.txt

sample line 1
sample line 2
sample line 3
sample line 4
sample line 5
sample line 6
sample line 7
sample line 8
sample line 9
sample line 10
std@ubuntu:~$

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Head Command
std@ubuntu:~$ head file1.txt

line 1
line 2

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tail Command
std@ubuntu:~$ tail sample.txt

sample line 13
sample line 14
sample line 15
sample line 16
sample line 17
sample line 18
sample line 19
sample line 20

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tail Command
std@ubuntu:~$ tail file1.txt

line 1
line 2

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touch Command
std@ubuntu:~$ touch Ebtisam.txt

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touch Command
std@ubuntu:~$ touch file1.txt file2.txt

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rm Command
std@ubuntu:~$ rm Ebtisam.txt

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cp Command
std@ubuntu:~$ cp sample.txt test/sample.txt

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cp Command
std@ubuntu:~$ cp sample.txt test/sample1.txt

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mv Command = rename
std@ubuntu:~$ mv sample.txt samplenew.txt

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mv Command = move
std@ubuntu:~$ mv samplenew.txt
test1/samplenew.txt

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 wc Command

std@ubuntu:~$ wc -l sample1.txt
21 sample1.txt Count of lines

std@ubuntu:~$ wc -w sample1.txt
60 sample1.txt count of words

std@ubuntu:~$ wc -c sample1.txt
293 sample1.txt size of file in byte

std@ubuntu:~$ wc -m sample1.txt
293 sample1.txt count of characters
std@ubuntu:~$

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grep Command

std@ubuntu:~$ grep Linux sample.txt

Search for lines containing the word Linux

Linux: is a Unix-like operating system that

std@ubuntu:~$

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grep Command

std@ubuntu:~$ grep –v Linux sample.txt

Search for lines that do not contain the word Linux

was designed to provide personal computer

users a free or very low-cost operating system
comparable to traditional and usually
more expensive Unix systems,
developed by Linus Torvalds.

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grep Command

std@ubuntu:~$ grep ^Linux sample.txt

To search for lines beginning with the word "Linux"

Linux: is a Unix-like operating system that

std@ubuntu:~$

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grep Command

std@ubuntu:~$ grep Linux $ sample.txt

To find the lines that end with the word "Linux"

operating system Linux

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 End ….
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