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    Idioms Book

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    Jonathan David

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Ny Oxford Word Skills Ra oS x Idioms and Phrasal Verbs Advanced kere eRe eae) OXFORD Oxford Word Skills Idioms and Phrasal Verbs Xe Lila 0] Ruth Gairns and Stuart Redman OXFORD SS aoe Seema =e sailor eee eet ea est he te nee Seem aps ace Sealine Mites teen erences amotaerneeis. sonnei SSNSTETE nem maaan ‘ounauthorued photocopying Aes eee No aeons pba mabe eps, ‘oralin sta oe nay an ‘an nt be pre permnin rng Ono erty Fear rare pera yin remem ren wh ‘Ryticos case te cope shoe tad eset "Bes Deperenent xe Versys teats aa must ete i nay oes nig oc {dyoosmtmpee th econo any sea ‘Any wbtes ere oin tube arin pbc oma ‘titrate posed Oxo rey rose ‘Semana Oxy ens peg ‘soak pon page cnn managed oe, ‘enn np et han pepe TEhtetacnnet poston tcee nies eet Sntpoo Unit ect choos ccc fo eas ‘lyrica fg INSPITE. xterm era ett Ba fo ihn Ce hate aa er ‘patty hs ation. 15 a ie pi ine moro ta tanywennepp tot evade ashing psn grt ‘iia amy pe romanins a ‘SrOuakeracegapsn eal eS oan anh ea aman abn aCe ae 1g: betalensnin cone cnn, ery Estar soma andrea acre erage parca cian fen Clee ‘Rimi pipers Cameraman i sagt ‘tte ngnvsane, ohoman whe bao ome Fetpmohe sche) nant Ser 19 ht ‘hhuoniastochefiodit storie 3m ‘oshoaencan raat hsn knoe 20084 vii ag 2 car Rants Seay. [efrorscheseutn} (mantener ‘cbt a Samy mona mages ae ‘hottie eames ane nah {insect heowapnogtal ho eatre he ‘Slgeman move nan eine bog rosacea ‘stn eron ee Sete earn age 1 ‘GeotPerretperar nape 0 Pena opi ‘Sac minnow ‘ha i wtonwgrener> Cte ine See ‘nant evey Wohnen san ‘ae, nts clare, 9 pach ase, ‘sth sucjesrreanac twos inneano eet cain tect ps reine, 3mm he san eb i Ca Essay p ae oo age 10 ore 3 mage, 17 fal age ci her Foresp. fSeicyeraoman 3 as pecrwoman ayn bep fathers iage rea age sibs Caso vated Sanne Wate ‘Reman tte hn oe ‘Basan ees ron ene a ‘Seka anthand stop daca fb ‘Moye ate atl Ge. cx a MA ‘ovine ommens one ae Contents Introduction Abbreviations Introduction to idioms and phrasal verbs 1 Ian understand idioms 2. Idiom and metaphor 3. Introduction to phrasal verbs 4 cause phrasal nouns and adjectives Review People 5 ean descbe character 6 can describe peoples behaviour 7 \eantalkabout rstionships 8 ean alkabout families, 9. ean desrbe my emotions 10 can describe physial actions Review Everyday life 11. Teantalkabout money 12 Ican talk about wealth and poverty 13. Icantalkabout health 14 Lean talkabout driving and journeys 15 Icantalkabout eating 16 Icantalk about study 17 Lean talk about work 18 Ian talkabout business 1 19 Lean talk about busines: Review Events 20. can escribe a family meal 21 ean describe a music festival, 22 Icandescribe date 23 Lean describe a family wedding 24 lean talk about reunions 25 can describe a football match 26 Icandescrbea conference Review What's in the news? 27 Ieantalkabout the media 28 leantalkaboutcime 29 Ian describe a demonstration 30 leantalkabout polis 31 Ieantalkabout confit 32. Ieantalkabout calebrty 33. Ican describe extreme weather Review ™ 76 78 BReee 3 Communication 34 can talk about communicators 35 _Icanuse the language of discussion 36 Icantalk about presentations 37 _Ieantalkabout meetings 38 I can seidioms for commenting 39. Icanuseidioms for emphasis, Review Human behaviour 40. Ieantalkabout honesty 41. Ieantalkabout competition 42 Icantalkabout humour 43. Ican express cticism 44 Ican understand and give advice 45 Icantalk about problems 46 Ican describe different attitudes 47 I cantalk about decision-making 48 can talk about risk-taking Review Styles of language 49. |conuseinforma spoken idioms 50 {can use common spoken responses 51 ean understand more foal doms use omsin legal contest $3. lean use more formal prepostional verbs 54 {can understand idioms inten English Review Types of idiom 55. Icanunderstand metaphors in phasal verbs 56. Icanuseldlomatienoun phrases 57 conus prepostonaliloms 58 Ieanuse ils 59 I canuse fixed phrases wth two key words 60 _Ieanusesoyings and proverbs Review Idioms ~ some interesting histories Answer key Answer key to review units List of spotlight boxes Word list Index key words 4 contents & Sdases 108, no nz na ns ne 120 122 124 126 130 132 134 136 138 140 141 144 149 152 154 156 158 182 168 188 189 Introduction Idioms and Phrasal Verbs ‘oman Phrasal Verbs forms part of the Oxford Word Skills vocabulary serie, lisa series of two books forstudents to lean, practise, and revise everyday English idioms and phrasal verbs ‘There are over 1,000 new idioms and phrasal verbs in each evel, anda of the material can be usd inthe classroom or for selfstudy How are the books organized? Fach book contains 60 units of vocabulary presentation and practice. Units are one to tree pages ong, depending on the topie. New vocabulary is presented In manageable quantities for learners, with practice exercises following ‘Immediately, usualy on the same page. The units are grouped together thematically in modules of four to nine units. Atthe end of each module there are further practice exercises in the review units, 9 that learners can revise and test themselves on the vocabulary learned, Whatare idioms and phrasal verbs? Why teach them together? Idioms are usually defined as groups of words ‘whose meaning is diferent from the individual ‘words. $o, under the weather has nothing to do ‘with the literal meaning of ‘the weather it ‘means feeling I If you sweep something under ‘the carpet, you try to keep something secret: and Af you put someone in the piture, you give them the Information they need to understand a situation. Asthese examples illustrate, n some idioms the ‘meaning can be almost impossible to guess out of context, while others sre more transparent. Phrasal verbs consis of two and occasionally three words: base verb and a east one particle (preposition or adverb). Many phrasal verbs are \dlomati: in other words, the meaning of the verb nd particle sdifferent from the base verb nits own. For example the meanings of gine up and given are quite diferent from the meaning of ‘ve. As with idloms, some phrasal verbs are more transparent then others, eg. stand wp and the most Atthe back ofeach book you wil ind: + an answer key forall the exercises * am answer key forthe review units « alist of the spotlight boxes * alist ofall the idioms and phrasal verbs taught, ‘with a unit reference to where each item appears + a separate ist of key words with unit references * apage featuring the histories behind some of the idioms in the book (G53 look on the website wurw.oup.com/elt wordshills for more) common meaning of stand are very similar in ‘meaning, as are sit down and sit. In other words, phrasal verbs can be seen as a type of idiom, although they are often singled out for specific attention in language-eaching materials. Putting idioms and phrasal verbs together has a linguist rational, but perhaps an even greater pedagogic one. A relatively short passage of text ~apractical necessity in most language-teaching materials - does not normally produce nine or ten naturally occurring phrasal verbs, but itcan easly sled that number if the target language includes ‘oth phrasal verbs and idioms. This makes iteasier to present the target language in continuous text rather than disconnected sentences, and gives learners more opportunity to see the expressions being used naturally, and to use them themselves ‘na realistic way noscion 5 Which idioms and phrasal verbs are included? ‘When people think of idioms. they tend to think of the more Imaginative and colourful ‘examples: ck the bucket havea bane to plc wih someone, fillof beans, be barking up the Wrong tree, ce. These vivid expressions can be extremely dificult to understand, so they are often the ones that teachers are called upon to explain in the classroom. Its also undeniably rue that idioms ~ especially the more vivid ones hold particular fascination for some earners. However, there are thousands of idioms, less exotic and often more transpareat than the ones above, which are of a higher frequency and probably greater value othe vast majority of learners, Here are some typical examples: bear sh i mind, ge your ow way, by far come in handy, fair enough «happy medium, have your doubts about sth, hours on end, I thought as much, fall ese fas, nail probably, las but mot east, lav it at that, W's too short, te by itl, no wonder: not necessarily, ods ad ends, on the surface play apart Inst, righily or wrongly, so wha, ake personally, that's fe, the sooner te beter to pati ud, 0 years running se your hed, you'l be lcky ‘Some ofthese will appear so mundane that they often pass unnoticed as idioms. In some cases the ‘meaning may be quite easy to guess, especially in context, but the same concept may be expressed in diferent way n the learner’s mother tongue, so these expressions need tobe learnt, and are equally Aosorving of our attention, both books, we have concentrated on high- frequency idioms and phrasal verbs which are likely tobe of greatest value fo learners in everyday English. To thisend, you will nd some vivid and colourful examples, but the majority are close to thelist above, (One final note on seletion, Dictionaries do not always agree on what constitutes an idiom: old the lines sted as an idiom in one dictionary but @ collocation in another. The same is true for under the influence, be om 3's sie at risk ram sth, come to rn harm, et. Equally, a phrase listed as an Idlom, In one dictionary may havea separate headword entry in another eg lost cause me duck Our eritetion for inclusion inthis series s that an item has tobe listed as an idiom in atleast one ofthe following ELT dictionaries (and they are almost always in more than one) (Oxford aac Lene's Dictionary Oxford Wordpower Dictionary (Oxford toms Dictionary for learners of English Longman Dictionary of Contemporary Englsh ‘Mactan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners Cambridge Advanced Learner's Diconary Collins COBLILD Adbwnced Learner's English Dictionary How can teachers use the material in the classroom? [New idioms and phrasal verbs are presented ‘through different types of text, including dlologues tables, and visuals. The meaning of the ‘new vocabulary is explained in an accompanying slossary unless itis illustrated in visuals or diagrams. Important or additonal information is Included in the ‘spotlight’ boxes Here is procedure you could follow: * Students study the presentation for five to ten ‘minutes longer ifnecessary. * You answer any queries the students may have about the items and provide a pronunciation model ofthe Items foryour students to repeat * Students do the fist exercise which they can check for hemseWes using the answer key,oryou can go ‘overthe answers with the hole cls. 6 tavoducton * When you are satisied, you can askstudensto go ‘onto further execs, while you monitor them as ‘they werkindividually orn pas and asst where neces, * When they have complete the writen exercises, students can often test themselves onthe new ‘ocabuloy The metrial hasbeen designed so that "tans can cove the new vocabulary and look at ‘the meaning, or vice-versa Thsisasimple, quick, and easy way fo eames to est themselves over ‘and over again 50 theres no pressure on yout keep searching for diferent exercises ‘tera petiod of ie has elpsed, perhaps couple of daysor week, you can us the review eercles forfurther consoldation a testing + You illoften notice the heeding ABOUT YOU or [ABOUT YOUR COUNTRY. Thisncicates personalized texercize which gives lemers an oppertunty to use the new vocabulary within the context of thelr own Ives. Scents an write answers to thes in thei notebooks, bbutthey make idea pairwork activites flares to precise thei spoken English while using the new vocabulary you use these speaking actives, How can students study alone? + choose the topics that interest you Yu dont need todo the units n any particular ore Each page vill probably take you about 20-25, minutes. Fst, spend at last ten minutes ‘Studying the presentation, which may bea tex, a dalogue a table, etc. Use the glossaries to help you understand the mearing of new tems Practise Saying the idioms and phrasal verbs. fe times to help you remember them. Keep a notebook where you cn wit down the new Ieioms an phrasal verbs with the meaning and an ‘example sentence to help youremember them. f youre using abilngualelionary you could also ‘dd vansation. = Do the exrcizesin peel then you ean ub them ‘ut and do them again in afew days'time. Check your answers inthe answer key on pages 163-79. ‘the end of many unt you wl nda section called [ABOUT YOU or ABOUT YOUR COUNTRY. Ths ves Yyoutan opportunity o use the vocabulary more freely 0 write in your notebook abou yoursel your country. ete students cou then write thei answers or thee partnersanswers)3sfllow up, “Toestand page 162, which gesthe hitoves behind number alone nth book, go tothe webste wwvwoupcomleltwordsils 0 finda regular feature You and your students should Sindhi inceresing, * You can usual test yourself onthe new vocabulary. Lookat the idioms and phrasal ‘ers nthe losaries and tables and cover the resnings. Se you can remember the meanings. ‘Yu can do this when you hve fished the ‘erie, several days later asa way of revising ‘the dioms and pasa vers. * You can use the further practice exercises inthe review ection which fllow each module ther do them immediately ftera unit, or do them a fe dayslatr as frm of eision, “We thinkits probably better for you to do one unit atatimeon a regu: bei. eg. two oc thee timesa week rather than study regularly but ty {ado alotofunte atthe ame tine + if youhavent gota good dcionaryn English, ‘we recommend The Oford Advanced earners Dictionary. You may also be intersted in two speciale ectionaris Oxford lal Dictionary Torleomersof Crash and Oxford hvsal Verbs Dactonary fr leomers of ngs, Gotothe website wioup.com/elwordskills find 2 regula featur onthe otgins ofa numberof icioms inthe book. Abbreviations "The following abbreviations are used: NX noun. sth something verb sb somebody apy ailjective fete, Yowuse et atthe end of @ apy adverb listo show there are other plural things, but you aren going for opposite tosay them al six synonym Le, thats iF Informal eg forexample PL formal 1 I can understand idioms ‘Idioms are fied or semi-ixed phrases, and many of them are dificult to understand. The situation is mprovng, but weenotoutof | not out of the woods INPnatyet ree from the woods yet. dlficities or problems. ‘probably take aback seat and let Marcodo | take a back seat deliberately become less actively ‘mos of the work Involved inst, and stop trying to control things. ‘My heart sank when Isaw thehotelroom | my heart sank used to tel sb that you suddenly felt they given us. sad or woried about sth Idioms ae particularly common in spoken English. Some are easier to understand, but you will need to learn many of them as fixed phrases "Wan expensive restaurant Having sald thatthe food is very good and then the next thing I knew, the cat had jumped oa ofthe window ‘tand Suehavesplitup.~ Mmm. thought as much! Cay hhovingsaldthat use to say that sth true despite what you have just sid the next thing knew used t say that sth happened very quickly and unexpectedly. thought ss much used to say you are not surprised that ths true ‘The glossaries and tables in this book wl also show you that some idioms havea choice af words ora particular styl, (See Units 49-54 for more on style) Idiom Meaning ‘Special feature Wil they lose? ~More than ikely. | very ikely. 1a choice of words with different meanings: She cantdo the gardening. fd ‘more than likely/happy/teady, ete. bemore than happy tohelpher_| very happy. Tdbehard pressed tonameall | findit very diffcuk | a choice of synonyms: the counties in Europe. todosth, be hard pressed/pushed/putto do sth ‘think Ann got out of bed on the | used to say that sb | the style ls uonous. wrong side this moming. [sina bad mood. ‘Mos ofall, you need tobe aware that idioms come i all shapes and sizes (= ae of many diferent types), and they are not always obvious, When you read a txt, look for posible idioms and check ina good dictionary tose if you ae right. asked Sueabouther essay and she ast ignored me. ~ Yes Ithinkisabitofa sore point becauseshe gotaverylowmarkforit, ‘ake it personally. Selusthaveto workharder ext time hdr put ny fot nen, = Malt iret ight Se td tok of v << sore point sth that makes you upset, angry, or embarrassed when sb mentions it putyour foot init ‘Faccidentally say sth that embarrasses, upsets, orannoyss. Itservessb right (for doing sth) used to say that you think sb deserves sth unpleasant that happens to them not do a stroke of work xe not do any work tal, ‘take t/sth personally feo that ale i your fal, or fee offended by sbsh 1 Which idioms are suggested by these pictures? 2 ‘Complete the sentences with words from the box. Then underline te fllidioms. having pushed serves stroke foot more sore thing much personally woods » Theres been aslight improvement in hishealth, but hes not out ofthe code yet. 1s Karen still upset about you taking her dress? ~Yes, Im afaiditsa point 2 My brother hasnt done a ‘of workall day: he's s0azy 3 The seat collapsed under me and the next knew, Iwas on the floor. 44 You dt say that was upset with her did you? ~ Yes, Im afraid | put my ini 5. New York's incredibly exciing said that, its very expensive these days. 6 Iwas than happy to help, but she wanted to doit on her own, 7 Well be hard ‘finish this work by the end ofthe day 8 Sam losttherace.~ Ithoughtas He looked very dejected. 9. They made Mandy repeat the test. ~ Good. It her right for trying to cheat. 10 Denna wasnt very nie tome. ~ Dorit take it She's justin a bad mood. 3 Lookat the idioms in bold in these sentences, then use a good dictionary to find out what special features they have (choice of words, grammar, or style). Write at the end, orin your notebook. Helanded on his feet with that job atthe bank, Senta also te fli on yourfee 1 Iewor'tbe easy; you've just got to hang on in there, 2 fmy memory serves me correctly, the fist moon landing was in 1969. 3. My sister'sjust bought anew car Basically i's just keeping up with the Joneses. 44 HeS unceliableat the best of imes, but forgetting my birthday was the las straw. 5 Youray rest assured that we wll do everything we can to help. 4 Read the text then answer the questions. ‘On thefirs morning we me our instructor, Kevin. and he made it lear we were gong tothe ground runing We had to build raft andten iit doa ver: he said would sort out the sheep fromthe goat That made me el ‘very uneasy bat I puta rave aceon it, The nextday was even worse ~ abseing down cil but was determined ‘ot otro in the towel By the third day was ginning o realize we were alin the same boat, snd probably all feckngequaly vulnerable That mademe fel much beter and by the end ofthe week [also realized that Kev, bark was worse than hibit. survived 1 The text contains sc idiomatic phrases that are being used figuratively. Underline them, 2 Match the phrases with these explanations: {2 admityouve been defeated and stop trying bistingush the able people from theless able people. © helsnot as aggressive ashe sounds 4 start doing something and proceed quickly and successfully. €beinthe same dificult situation, {pretend you fel confident and happy when you de not 2 Idiom and metaphor ‘Many idioms begin as phrases with aiteral meaning, which then develop a figurative/metaphorical ‘meaning. For example, somebody canbe inthe diving seat (oa vehicle), which means they are terally in contol ofthe vehicle. When we use the phrase metaphorically, we mean the person iin contrl of a ‘situation. Other examples are: ‘They've decided ro wat for | Literal meaning: wait to be able to see more clearly. the dustto settle, Metaphorical meaning: walt for an unsettled situation to become calm ‘msurewereon thevight | Literal meaning: ‘on the right rad, path, or track: track. Metaphorical meaning‘acting ina way that will bring a desired result: ‘orron the wrong track. “Metaphors fom particular areas of activity can sometimes describe particular thoughts, ideas, ee For example, boxing expressions often describe people in dificult situations: ‘The minister ison the ropes now. ‘The bos found hinslfn a tight corner. xp having serious problems and key to fil _—_P= in ficult station. i in 9 ight spot Nh "dion derived from card games are sometimes connected to keeping plans and ideas hidden, A BRAS Bae f=" ‘She loys her card close ta her chest think hes. got something up hissleeve Keeps her plans or ideas secret ‘ hasa plan or idea he wil keep secret unt needed ‘With some idioms, the literal meaning has become lost overtime, and we conly use the metaphorical meaning Fo example, in the pasta blacksmith ‘was person who made things out of ron, He had os (= hit) the iron ‘wile t was stil hot inorder to bend it into the shape he wanted. From this ‘we get the idiom sie while theron is hot = make use ofan opportunity Jmmediatly because now isthe best time todo it ‘The idiom have a chip on your shoulder (=be sensitive about or fel offended by sth, as a result of sth that happened in your pat) comes from a 19*.century American custom. Ia boy wanted to ight, he would pu piece ‘of wood on his shoulder: he fought agains the fst person who knocked the Piece of wood of FS You can find the histories behind some of the idioms inthis book on page 162 (ook on the website wwwoup.con/elwordskills for more), 10 node titi and pas verbs 1 Complete the sentences. 1 Ieltake awhile to Fnaize the plans, but think were on the right ow, 2 Katrina hasrit told us everything, thnk she's still got something up her 3 That boyhasa ‘on is shoulder about his height. don't know why it others him. 4 Ithink we should wat forthe to settle before we decide what to do, 5. Afterthe recent criticism, think he in quitea tight 5 don't understand why he always plays his cards so close to his Rephrase these situations using a suitable idiom. > She's got asecretplan, he's got comuthing up herslene 1 She’ in contol ofthe skuation. Tim sure we're doing the right things. Nowis the time todo it dont wait. ‘Wait unt the situation is much clearer ‘The company i doing badly andistkely ofl Shes ina dificult situation right now. He alays seems to think the word has treated him unfaity. Shealways keeps her ideas secret, et my heart rule my head. ‘4 Where do you think these idioms come from? Put them in the correct column below. be on the same wavelength bein the sacle bite the bullet ‘get your wires crossed beat a hasty retreat learn the ropes take the wind out of sbi keep tight ein on sthisb ‘Shipsandsalling | Radio and Horse riding Weapons and war telecommunications 5 Thinking about the literal meaning of the idioms in Exercise 4, can you now match the idioms with ‘their metaphorical meanings? > bite the bee force yourselfto do sth unpleasant or iffcult that you have been avoiding, be in a postion of control or responsibilty. eam how to doa particular job. think na similar way. ‘go away quickly from an unpleasant place or situation. ‘make sb less confident by saying or doing sth unexpected contol sthsb carefully or strictly. became confused by whatsbis saying because you think they are taking about sth ese rwoducton aids andpaslvebs 11 3 Introduction to phrasal verbs A phasal verb consists ofa base verb and one or two particles (adverbs or prepositions) ‘MEANING ‘Some particles extend the meaning ofthe base ver Eat up your supper"Up here asthe idea of eating al of something. Some particles create anew meaning but stil with 2 conection tothe base verb Lett eo\ inthis evening? ~ ext at home tis evening. ‘Some particles change the meaning of the bare verb fom hteral to figueatve: ‘These big bills are eating nto my savings? = wsing up my money. GRAMMAR Some phrasal verbs are intransitive ie they don take an object: Wegot pear to wath the su core p= ie, Many phrasal verbs ar tans, Le. they tke an objet. Transitive phrasal verbs are of two types separable and ineparbl. With separable phrasal vers, the objet can usally go befor o ater the atc; with inseparable phrasl verbs, the objet mnt goater the particle Dictionaries often show the Alilerence ike this Heres comes between the verb and pari This shows you tha he abject can gobfore or ater‘ ‘Dot a” up thelr! Don 0 heater p= destroy iby tering ito pices. [But note tha, she objec ina pronoun, tt go between the verb and parte avi 20" itp. (Sor Don tarp) “There ae also a small numer of phrasal verbs where the object bays goes before the partic {showed the student 701 the shoo. (8OF I showed around the stents) “ire, sist comes afer the verb and particle. This shows you that the object cannot go between take and agunst’ it must go ater the particle “He ook against Sam afer that. = started to diske Sam. (NOT He ook Sarai.) DIFFERENT FORMS, DIFFERENT MEANINGS ‘With some phrasal verbs a diference in grammatical structure indicates a diference in meaning The plane put down ina eld ‘put down (intransitive land. 1/lput your number down here ‘put sth down 1 wt sth, especially aname ornumber, on | 2 Thecothadto be put down. apiece of paper or alist. 2 (usualy passive) killan old or sick animal witha dru. Don't put yourself down somuch? | put yourself/sb down critic yourselfor sb else in font of ‘other people, {put my ame down forthe day vip to | putsb /sb’s name down for sth write sb name ona list so the seaside, ‘that they can take partin sth. Iputher anger down to stress. pButsth down to sth believe sth is caused by sth 112 radeon tds and pacers OTHER POINTS As some of the examples on page 12 illustrate, some phrasal verbs have two particles (an adverb ‘anda preposition), and some phrasal verbs can be used with another phrase or clause. [putsbuptosthinr | Shet usually verygood:Dannymust | encourage or persuade sb to do ‘have put her up tt. ‘sth weong or stupid. Talksbinto/outof | tied o talk her out of signing but_| persuade sb to do /nott do sth {doing sth shewent ahead. ‘count onsb to dosth | fmeounting on you to help us ‘rustsb todos, workout wh clause | lcantwork outwhat hismeans | find the answer to sth 1 Circle the correct word. 1 Ifyou've gottime,Icould show you in| around the old part ofthe city. 2 Theservce was slow and the bill ws incorrect. putt down for| fo poor management. 3 Youd better tear that cheque up| ou into small pieces so that no one can cash i. 44 Do you fancy going tothe pizza place or shall we just eat nt |inas usual? 5. dont feel can really count on [n Alec todo the work inthe way we agreed. 6 Wewere planning a big barbecue and Aiden put me down fron making the salads, 7 Thaven't got much work, so payments onthe house are eating in| nto my savings. 8 Youll never succeed in business if you keep putting yourself down |upall the time. 2 Complete the definitions. 1 She tookagainstme means ‘she began to me forno particular reason. 2. Heputmeup toi means he encouraged me todo something ‘| 3. Thehelicopterput down near the iver means ‘the helicopter ‘near the river, 4 She talked me outofleaving means’she ‘me not to leave 5 Thedog was put down means'the dog was byan injection! 6 She put my adress down means'she down my address: 44 Complete the sentences with the correct particle, 1 worked ‘hat he meant. 5 Puthisname on tells. 2 Thesun came 31500, 6 Itorethe note deliberately 3 Showus the exhibition, 7 ‘What do you putit 0? 4 Dorit count himforhelp. 8 Hetaled me buying theca. 4 Here are some phrasal verbs which do not appear on page 12. Underline the phrasal verb and its ‘object. Check your answers on page 164 before you do Exercise 5. » The man in the bureau de change dd me out of about €10, 1 Inthe mountains you have to watch out for snakes. 2 Its crucal to stand out against discrimination, especialy inthe workplace 3 They werent supposed tobe there but the police let both of them off, 44 Wewerehaving a meeting when the cleaner burstin onus 5 He married the git was in love with try very hard not to holt against him, 5 Using the context to guess the meanings, write the verbs in Exercise 4 next tothe definitions. > stop sb fom having sth that they should have, especialy adshonest way, dos out of sth 1 be careful ofsth orb, 2 suddenly enter 2 room and interrupt something thats happening, 3 say or show publi that you oppose sth 4 feel angry with sb fr sth tha they have done in the past. 5 gives litle orno punishment for sth they dd wrong, voductiontoidins napa verbs 13 4 | can use phrasal nouns and adjectives A Phrasal nouns Phrasal nouns are sometimes formed from phrasal verbs, eg take of (of plane) andthe elated noun ‘take-off look on and onlooker. Nouns formed from phrasal verbs may be hyphenated, eg. passer-by, or may be writen as one word, eg, breakout Tolcareintericving passers-by wo wie ticreskout at je ison ast oight | Tar eli rh phcln ] alin dock stb leaplrandde agus gta om Resegcafthectine [Ahegremment hares canto scimbdown arth rochtins ofacoer-ap | “Thee was sharp intake of breath fom the pubic gallery during the judges summing-up Following the outbreak of voence, the police have requested backup from the army. breakout an escape from prison by a group. break out (of sth) v. ‘getaway Tanescape or quick departure, especially rom the scene ofa crime. 2 short holiday. getaway ¥, imbdown an act f admitting that you were wrong, climb down v. coverup course ofacton taken to hide a mistake or illegal activity fom the public. cover sth up ¥. Intake an atof taking th in, expecially reat, food, ete take sth v summing-up alegal statement made by a judge, magsrate, or lawyer which givesa summary ofthe evidence ina cour. sum up v, outbreak _asudden star of violence, war, disease ec. break out v. backup extraelpor support you can get necessary: back sb/sth up, otlight = 5 ‘A posse by (1 passers by) ie someone wh i walking past somethingby chance, capecily when ‘something unexpected happens, pass bysbisthv. A bystander is someone who watches whats Dappening gan accident, without taking part, stand by v. sexs onlooker, look on v, 1 Rewrite the sentences, forming phrasal nouns from the phrasal verbs. 1 Wil the union climb down? Wil there 2 2 Did the police coverup the facts? Was ? 3 We asked someone who was passing by. We 4 Someone broke out of prison lastnight There 5. The judge summed up biefy-The 6 Wilthe team back us up? Wil 7 2 Complete the sentences witha sultable phrasal noun, 1 When the men had been fighting fora few minutes, we lized there were about adozen watching them. 2 Most people would benefit from areduction inthe ofsaltintheir diet. 3 Thismove represents a cover plansto change the school meals policy. 4 Security cameras showed that during the prison the guards did nothing. 5 The party was really boring: we made a quick ‘and went toa club instead, 6 if Marianne can't lookafter the dog this weekend, ve got my uncle as 7 Treauthorties are extremely worried about the threatened ‘of this winter, 8 Istoppeda ‘and asked hi to cal the police. 14 euction toms and pasa verbs B Adjectives formed from phrasal verbs ‘Breakaway republic Throwaway society contributes holds first elections to global warming aaEnEEEEERuEd DESCRIBED DOCTOR'S MANN SE AS ‘OFF-PUTTING’ eau Outspoken critic of government loses job DOWN PLANS FOR BROADBAND SPEEDS | Wern-eut mums dear] of more support from dads =o wal ‘SUPERVISORS DECIDE ON FATE OF LEFTOVER LIBRARY FUNDS Ca throwaway (of goods) produced cheaply and intended to be thrown away after use (also throwaway society). throw sth away v. breakaway (ofa group, organization, or part of county) having separated frm a larger group or part break away from sbisth v ‘knockout competition i one in which players or teams contin competing until theres ‘only one winner lft. knock sb out (of sth) ¥. 1x6 Ish or sh off-putting, they ae stange or unpleasant, ina way that prevents you from liking them, put sb of v confining to exist or develop. 99 on V. saying what you think, even when it upsets people speak out (against th v ‘A watered-down pan, tlement, ets weaker andes powerful than it was originally water sthdown 1 (oF person) very ted because they have been working hard, 2 of thing) oo old or damaged tobe wed, wear sb/sth out v leftover remaiingafer you have finshed or used what you want or ned, eg, leffover fond eftovers Lx. beleft over from sth). 3 True orfalse? WrteT or. 1 Ongoing talks are fished 5. Anoffputing manners a good thing. 2 An outspoken cit says very litle. 6 fyoulose knockout round, youte out 3 Worn-out shoes are useless. 7. Ryvatered-down commenti ess powerful. 4 Leftover food can be eaten ate 8A throwaway product is valuable, 4 Complete the dialogues using a phrasal verb, noun, or adjective. 1 Did your team get through the first tage? ~No, they 2 Is Bess having arest?~ Yeah, that was along walk. Shes completely 3 Theartclefrt as strongly worded a it was. ~ No, its been. 4 Whats for dinner ~ think there are some from lunchtime 5: She coughed throughout your performance.~ know found italy 6 Why did they forma, ‘group? ~ They were unhappy wth the way things were 7 He’ strongly against fox hunting, ~ That’ right he ha often {8 Have the eiscussions come toan end yet? ~ No, theyre stil ntoldomssndphasalverts 15 Review: Introduction to idioms and phrasal verbs Unit 1 1 Complete the crossword. The letters in the grey squares spell out an expression. What is It? 1 fyou put your accident 3 fyousay,the 4 fsomething isa mood 6 youre tyingto 7 you 8 iyouhaven'tdone a 2 fyousay ttserves you deserves the unpleasant thing that has happened to them. thing knew; youre going to describe something very surprising that happened ate that moment. Init you say something embarassing by !youmean that the person Point for you, it makes you eel upset, annoyed, or embarassed if someone mentions it 5 fyougot out ofbed onthe wrong today, youre inabad Lupwith the Joneses youre trying tohave allthe possessions and achievements that your friend or neighbours have, the ground running, you start doing something and proceed quickly and successfully. ‘of work, you've done no work at ll 9 your Is worse than your bite, you aren realy as unkind or angry as you seem. 10 tfyour heart 11 fyou throw inthe 12 you take aback “The expression in the grey squares ie Unit 2 1 Mateh 1-10 with a+. ‘That mans got areal chip on his 1 you suddenly fel sad or woried about something | Yu give upon a problem and admit you are defeated by it _youbecome less active and stop trying to control things. a seat. b heart € sleeve dd retreat, € shoulder rack, 9 sal fh wavelength ABOUT YOU 1 2 Icantunderstand him; we arent onthe same 3 thadto beat a hasty 4 Theannouncement toak the wind aut af my 5 tsnothingpersonak you really mustrt take itto 6 think he must have some trick up is. 7 This idea isnt workin. think we'on the wrong 8 She's the boss and she likes to bein the diving 2 Complete the idioms. 1 tend to play my cose tomy 2 Ike to hile the fon’ hot 3 mina tight generally askfor help rather than trying to deal with things on my own, 4 Ive got my head con when it comes to finance. 5 loccasionallylet my rule my 6 someone cicizes me, | tend to take tto 3 Are the sentences in the questionnaire in Exercise 2 true about you, sometimes true, or not true? ‘White your answers or talk to another student. 16 Review inoduction ois ad prs Unit 3 1 Complete the sentences ina logical way. » The school organized the vst,and | put my name down fori 1 That was. stupid thing todo. Who put you up 2 2 Ifyougo to the market, watch out 3m very willing to give you a hand: you know you can count 4 ewaent her fault but he stil toakit 5. The boys were ust being stupid, so the policeman lt them off with 6 This sa very complicated sentence. cant work out what 2 Rewrite the partof the sentence in italics using a phrasal verb that keeps a similar meaning. Make ‘any other additions that are necessary. ‘They are trusting us to help them. courting ov ‘Thehelicopterhad to land in afield ‘The sun rose ust after sh o¢dock ‘The chldren finshed their dinner. He ctcies himself alot. We had to have ou dog killed. She just started to she me; don't know why. We decided to have dinner at home lastnight. He persuaded meto go Unit 4 1 What related phrasal nouns and adjectives are formed from these phrasal verbs? Write them in the correct column below. pasby/ speakout lookon watersthdown breakout (of war) _ weersth out sumup goon(=continue) standby (ofaperson) — putsbotf (= estract) Phrasal verb Phrasalnoun | Phrasal verb Phrasal adjective pa ty passerby 2 Agree with the first speaker in each dialogue, using a suitable phrasal verb, noun, or adjective. The government tried to hide thelr mistakes, dart they? ~ Yes, there was asove-up 1 Weren' your team eliminated? ~Yes, Im aftald they were 2 Weedidit eat everthing cid we? ~ No, we've sill got some “salad 3 Theminister was ving, wast he? ~Yes twas obviously a He’ firished, 4 Thepolce wl be thereto support you. ~ Yes, theyll provide plenty of 5. Youslways have aholiday don't you? ~ Yes, ket. every year 6 Youmustve been exhausted aftr that work. ~Yes, Iwas Aevebtoducontokiomsandpivaivets 17 5 | can describe character ‘A What are they like? Star Theatre For the Love of Alice~ Cast List ‘Gideon Beck: x army major. loves the sound of his own voice; doesn’t suffer fools gladly. Thought tobe tough as old boots Very protective of daughter, Alice Ale Beck Arteatve and charming on the surface, Alike to play i ool wth men but deep down, segue shy. Loves he father bu very ‘much under hie thumb, Jocelyn Beck: Gideon's wife Hae a quick temper ends think shes mad as a hatter. Andrew Elder Neighbour in love with Alice. Sadly, thik as two short planks. Glossary keylove the sound of pisareRovi talk too moch, usually without listening to other people your own voice not suffer fools gladly ‘not be polit or patent with people you think are es inteligent than you. (@s)tough as old boots Nery strong nd able to bear pain, criticism, etc. without complaining. ‘onthe surface ‘when you consider obvious things. oP deep down, playitcool | hide your feelings otha you sppear calm and controlled. ‘under sb thumb controlled or influenced by sb. have a quick temper become angryeaily and often, (@s)thiekastwo short planks N® (ofa person) very stupid Seti falieg 90 = wig ca en ig Gao on Heideslmnon Assen yee 1 Cirle the correct word. 1 Keep out of the new bosss way; apparently e's gota very quick fst temper 2 Lon Deep down, Joe's tue romantic It just doesnt lok that way onthe surface | op. 3 Thatwas a realy crazy thing to do. ~ Yeah, thought she was barking | hopping mad. 4 You find that Mr Waters doesn't suffer foosglaly| happily, so watch what you say. 5 Shes avery dominant woman; she certainly has her husband under he inger| thumb, 6 Myaunt' rough | tough as old boots, so Im sure shell get through the operation 2 Complete the second sentence so that it paraphrases the fist. 1 My brother furious about the money. In other words he's mad. 2 Johns ell stupid. In other words, hes thick as 3 Ela did show Luis her tru feelings. In other words she played 4 Ana adores horse-riding. nother words she's fc 5. Don justtalks and never tenn other words he loves the sound of his 6 ove Caz, but shes ray. In other words, shes mad 7 Mona does everything Pete tells her ton other words, shes under 8 Grandad can put up with anything. In other words he's tough B Noun phrases describing character Idiom Meaning ‘My sister goes to bed atexacty 10.30every | a creature of habita person wo likes to do the night she'sa creature of habit. same thing atthe same time on a regular bass. ‘Mostof the group are very quiet —we needa live wire like Jezto get us talking. "lve wire a person who is lely and full of energy ‘and enthusiasm. We could do with a bright spark hereto bring ' bright spark IN alively and intligent person, ‘Drug deoers are the scum of the earth innewideas. ‘2u0Nc = a person who has done sth stupid. ‘Some bright spark lft the door unlocked! How stupi. She always asks Dad for help with cash because | a soft touch INPa person from whom you can easly she knows he'sasoft touch, {get money because they are kind oF easy to deceive. ‘don't know ifAsh would be ightforthejob; | an unknown quantity a person or thing whose hea bit ofan unknown quantity. qualities are abilities are not yet known. ‘Ms Andrews runs the business and people | the salt ofthe earth a good, liable, honest person think he's the salt ofthe earth, ‘nr the scum ofthe earth ink INSULTING a person or ‘group considered to be extremely unpleasant or evi, “Hes tough, ambitious and hes nobody's fool— he's our best hope asa manager. nobody's fool a person who istoo clever tobe tucked by other people. six no foo. ‘hate dealing with Rupert; he’ a nasty plece cof work. "a nasty piece of work a person who is unpleasant, Unkind, or dishonest. Hes abit ofa cold fish, He hardly every speaks tousoreven smiles. ‘2 cold fish pisarpzoviN a person who shows ite ‘emotion or seems unfiendly. ‘the said he would help you, Fm sure he wil hhesaman of his word. "a man/woman of his/her word a person who ways does what he/she has promised to do. 3--Are these descriptions positive or negative? Write P or N. 1 Healive wire, 2 She's a nasty plece of work. 5. Hes the salt ofthe earth. 4 She a woman of her word, o He’ eal family man have to ake something and they get the'sa(2) Mrs Bolton’ been here for years and she nw approaching retirement She’ the salt ‘and wl do anything fr Andy But hingshave tobe ofthe (3) done ina paula wa ~ ‘Nis Boltons Way'shea (4) Mandy O'Neil new in this depart soa the momentse'abitfan 5. She's nobody’ foo 6 Which bright sparklef the light on? 7 Shes a cald fh, 8 He the scum of the earth, Complete the descriptions of Angela's colleagues. Then circle the full idioms. Andy Crockerisa great boss hanworking honest anda man ofhis oo and e adores hiskis They only touch, ‘ot habit 6 quantity She used tobe in sales, and my fend Sally sasshe'.abright (6) snd) fal [leservejadgementon her til get tokio berber, Tim Rchares- What can Isa? justcai stand hm. dont trust him tal think he’ a nasty) actualy 5 ABOUT YOU Can you think of five people that you know who could be described by any of the Idioms inthe table? Writ in your notebook, o talk to another student. People 19 6 | can describe people’s behaviour A Selfiess behaviour Best mum competition [Pees rite your application n nt mee than 120 words {All mums have the family’s bes interests at heart, and will go out fof thelr way to help thei ki, but what makes a great mum? Wel ‘urs has al the qualities, When things went wrong and Dad let us, ‘Mum went to great lengths tohold the family together. she was always there for us, but usted us to make our on decisions When we needed a shoulder to eryon, it was Mum we turned to, not our ‘tlds. But what sets her apart from the other mums i her concern for others. She's alvays giving someone or other a helping hand. We thank ourlucky stars that she's eur mur! (Patt, 16) Co Ihave sbi (best) interests at heart care abouts and want to improve thir situation. ‘90.0ut of your way (todosth) _dosth that you do not have odo and that involves making special effort tohelp or pleases ‘gotogreatlengthstodosth _trynadetermined way to achieve th hold sth together ‘Keep a group of people, a marriage, ee united in dificult circumstances, be there forsb be vallable and supportive fsb wants to tll: to you o needs your hap, ashoulderto cry on ‘person who gives you sympathy turn to sbisth 0 tosbisth forhep or advice. set sb apart (fromsb) ‘make sb diferent fom or better than others, give/lend (sb)ahelping hand helpsb thank your lucky stars feel very grateful and lucky about th 1 Put the words in order and add one more word. » them | way lout help |she | went| of to She went out of her wny bo lp ther, 1 help [lengths | dad |10 them | went to 2 writing | our | given helping | we | were || with 3 hold managed |their| they to| marriage 4 _best| have | heat |she | doesn't | your at, 5 healthy 1m | stars] thank] my that 6 on|a|she| to| needs| shoulder 2 Write phrase with the same meaning asthe words in italics. They helped me with the housework. ove me helsing nna 1 Who would you seek advice from ifyou had a problem? 2 Herposive attitude mokesherdfferent from her colleagues. 3 Sheneeds a sympathetic person toate about her problems. 4 Shes always avallable to talk tof need help 5. Dad always makes o speci effort to keep them amused 6 My sister tied very hardto get the medicine | needed. 7 Lam so grateful that Ihave such a great family. 8 Somehow Mur managed to keep the family united. 3 ABOUT YOU What would you write ina best mum, best dad, best sister, or best brother ‘competition? Write in your notebook, tlk to another student. 20° People B Selfish behaviour Do you suler from selfish or bossy siblings? tnt» Yeah. my sister always wants to have things her own way, so Ihaveto put my foot down with er, Sothink she can twist me round he itlefnger, but she ant! -svnon> Myboter’ yey sure of himetfand hellstop at nothing to get what he wants. He'd wall all, ‘over my parents fhe had the chance, “ae CARDEN» When we were kids my older sisters sed to push me around and pk on me because Iwas ~* mall Itook me years to eam stick up for myself ranted that well leat up afte er it were orm her room wuld be disgusting! hhave things/t(all) your own way get or do what you want, even when other people want sth diferent A rmoveam = My dre never its ing tp aind the bw st ta (also haveget your own way), put your foot down NF use your authority to stop sb doing sth, sure of yourself ‘rTEN DsaronoviNe very confident. stop at nothing do anything to get what you want, without caring about its fet om others walkall over sb In treat sb bal by alvays doing what you want todo, push sb around tiveshonders ina rude or unpleasant way pick on sb treat sb unfaily by blaming o rtcizng them. stick up for sb/yourself support or defend sbyoursel notlifta finger (todo sth) Inf do nething to help sb. ‘akeitforgranted that...) expectsth to happen because it usually dos. (Alo take sb for granted be ‘so accustomed tos tat you dont appreciate them) Eee you can wists round your litle finger mr, you can perasade them odo anything you want. Ifyou get ‘ound! sb, you persuade them to do what you want, ofen by being nice to them. Ifyou winsb over, you get their suppoctby persuading them you are eight 4 Truecor fase? Write Tor F. 1 fsomeone can stick p for themselves, they can defend themselves, 2 someone won'lif finger, they probably have an injury. 3 someone takes you for granted, they can persuade you todo anything they want. 44 fsomeone wins you over, they have persuaded you that they are right. 5 you have things all your own way, you do what everyone else wanls, 6 you wil stop atnothing, you wont do anything to help. 5 Complete the dialogues. 1 Jun has no self doubts and s very confident. ~ Yes, she's very 2 Dad refused very firmly to let us stay out late. ~ Ys, he put 3. She criticizes me, but not the others. I's nat fae ~ Yes, thnk he's you. 4 Hells me what to do and hes horrible about it. ~ Yes, he around. 5 sony nie tome because she wants my help.~ She jst ying to you. 6 7 a can make her do anything. Yes, you can twist Sie’ realybozry and hate. ~ Well ditt het you! Ed only wants todo what he wants. ~ Ys, he just wants to way. people 21 7 I can talk about relationships A Being married How to make your marriage work ‘You think you're made for each other, you tie the knot, then the hard work begins! SS You have to meet your partner halfway ~ compromise is everything, Don't let things like finance or household chores drive a wedge between you. ifyou're upset with each other, should you try to clear the air or walk away? Remember that things said in the heat of the moment can be hard to forgive ater.On the other hand, if you walk away, you may be storing up problems forthe future, My advice is: go for a short walk to calm down, then you can discuss the matter sensibly. » Don’t live in each other's pockets, You'll need to give each other space in the marriage. » All marriages go through a bad patch; use laughter to keep things in perspective. cman bemade for each other sur be perfect partners tiethe knot [nF get marred. SN get hitched INF meet sb halfway reach agreement with sb by giving them part of what they want drives wedge between people make the relationship between tw people or groups ser ‘See page 162) clear the air Amprove a dificult tense stustion by talking about it walkaway Jeavea bad situation, Intheheatofthemoment _atatime when you are too angry or excited to think careflly. store sthup do sth that will make a problem worse inthe future. livein each others pockets be oo emotionally lose or spend too much time together. ‘gothrough abad/sticky patch NF experience a dificult period in your lie. 1 Good news or bad news? Wite G or 1 Taking cleared the ar between us 5 They ted the knot last Saturday. 2 Isiditin the heat ofthe moment. 6 Weagreed to meet each ther halfway. 3. We're going through asticky patch. 7 Itdrove a wedge between us. 4 ‘Theyre made foreach other. 8 They/elving in each others pockets. 2. Putthe words in order and add one word. ‘of lit|1| the | moment] said in| the | est iin the hen of the monsent {or | Dom | are| Janet |other | and each ‘they |thin|hitehed| do | you | wil > bbe trouble | coud [ater | storing for| you argument | walk an | easy |i nit | to |from ‘marrage a through | went |bad| their teach] theyre | other’ in| ving 3 ABOUT YOU Lookat the advice in the text a the top. Do you agree with all the points? Why/buhy not? Write in your notebook, or talkto another student, 22 peop B Being single Is it Fun being singlet ‘Bozxj0r Ys! Youre fee - nothing's holding you back and no one nagungyou because the dishes are piling up in thesink. Youcan doas you please any time, day ornigh, [Not forme. bored and lone ex, you answer to noone but far sooner ‘elitionsip. give anything to mcethe right perso, My previousboyiend messed me around! lhe lt me down bly ly [Now that 've finished with hi, the thought of gong through the sie thing gun does bear thinking about I dont wantanother distressing break-up, can hold sb back stop sb being as successful as they shouldbe. pileup increase n quantity or amount doasyyouplease beable todo whatever you like. sx please yourset ‘answertosb (forsth) _haveto explain your actions or decisions to sb ‘mess sb around/about treat sb badly, especially by changing your mind alot or breaking promises. let sb down rot help or support sbas they had hoped or expected. finish with b end a romantic relationship with sb. rot bear thinking about betoo shocking or unpleasant to think about break-up the ending ofa lationship or marriage. break up (with sb) v 1 marin = ec) pba ere es ree ee ee ere ary as ac abt 4 Write the opposite using an idiom or phrasal verb. can do whatever want opp en’ do pense /plense wast 1 Her boytiend treated her realy wel. ov® Her boyiend 2 I don'thave to explain my actions to my boss. oPP Ihave to 5. There's less and less work. o7@ The work 4 Ve just started going outwith Pla oP? Fve just 5 He ida’ standin the way of my success. oer He 66 She gave me the help wes hoping for. or» She 5 Complete the texts with one word in each case. Then underline the full idioms, phrasal verbs, or phrasal nouns. Danny was quite possssive.so when I(1) vith him asrcivedthat t stTcould do a) pleased. But notlongaterthe (3) ofthe relationship was teribl lone and I rgreted wht fi done Now Td give (@) tohavehim back egy shout Donna. know 1(5). her down badly and fm sue she wassick me 6 he about. But the teat far (7) be single and be able t plese 6) inwhat do Ad geting marred just does (9) thinking about Fn fr 00 sels, Timur thes litlsgn above my head that say want to get married a give my right (10) © eet Mi Right! 6 ABOUT YOU Which speaker atthe top ofthe page do you agree with most, and why? Or do you have a different point of view? Write in your notebook, or talk to another student. People 23 8 I can talk about families A Why do families argue? ‘Whatisitabout your own flesh and blood! Ive gt two sisters they usedtofightlike cat and dog when they were \_ Kids and there's little love lost between them now: But as, ~ Son asa outside crcos ete f them the immediatly ‘lose ranks and turn on them sabi the same with me and nny wife When we're together we argue but when wee par, _wetemiserable as sin How do you account for ha? gucss living on top of each oer doesnt help, and im sure we take ‘eachother for granted lotofthetime But files are strange! your own flesh and blood a person or people that you are related 1, fight lke cat and dog (otto peopl) often have angry ight there little/nolove lost between them = they dont lke eachother. lose ranks 1f people lose ranks they join together to protect thems, ‘specially when they are being criticized, tum on sb attacks suddenly and unexpectedly (@s) miserable assin INF used to emphasize that sb is very unhappy. ‘account for sth bbe the explanation or cause of sth take sbfor granted ‘beso accustomed to sb that you dont appreciate them, Th iol eh th yd eh her aoe ee He gets commission on top of his salary. =n addition to his salary. ‘The books were piled on op of ne another, on, over, or covering one another Replace the words in italics with an idiom or phrasal verb that keeps a similar meaning. 1 When she lft him, he was sounhappy. 2 Indio toalthe family problems, he spit up with his gen. 3 You can't abandon them they're members of your family. 4 She suddenly attacked me for no reason. 5 Hissurmame diferent from his brothers. How do you explain that? 6 Living sacle to one anather is problem, 7 My brothers argue bitterly al the time. 8 They don'ike eachother. 2 Complete the sentences. 1 Isittrue we fight more with our own and blood? fs0, why? 2 Did you ever ight ike cat and vith any of your brothers or sisters? 3. Doyou think members of your family would close ‘fertcieed? 4 Doyou ever feel your family are ving on ofeach other? '5 Have any members of your family ever turned you? Ifs0, why? 6 Doyouever any of your family for granted? Iso, wh? 3 ABOUT YOU Write your own answers to Exercise 2in your notebook, or talk to another student. 24 People B Being a middle child Middle child syndrome Being the mide child ofthe can raul idle child sycom! he firstborn offen gets the mosatteton and is put ona pedestal: the sti be born the baby andtend to get away with murder. ‘The me chil though, can fel negected, squeezed out by their siblings and starved of atetion. Some studies have backed this up sugsting that mide cikren who fel left out may distance ‘themselves from others and become ler. tiimportant therfore, that prentsmake a point of lavishing attention on the mide child and praising their achievements. Andon the postive side, studies show thatthe mile childs offen more cretve and artistic than the others, resultin sth cause a particular station t happen. putsbona pedestal admires so much that you do not see their faults. ‘getaway with murder 19F do whatever you want without being stopped or punished. squeezesb out (usually passive) Is is squeezed out, they are no anger included inst that hey ‘were previously involved in, starve sbisth of sth {usally pave) Ifyou ae starved of th, you do not have enough of th that you need. backsthisb up support sth; sy that what sb says or writes re, leave sb out not include sb. distance yourself from sth become es involed or connected with th. ‘make a pointof doing sth make special effort todo th. lavieh sth on sb ‘lve alo. often tno much, th tosh 4 One word s missing, Where doesit go? Write tat the end, > Itean result / serious problems. i= 1 They lavish ar too much money ther children, 2 There's danger that they will their son on e pedestal 3 She very naughty they lether get wth murder. 4 Since the divorce he’ distanced from his fay '5 No wonder the child was unhappy; she was of attention. 6 Try toa point of praising your mide chie'screativity. 5 Complete this story of one middle child. Iestruethat the firstborn isput ona) and the third child etsy with (2) butin my casei did (3) In me becomingan underachiver Quite the opposte. made a @. ofensurng that wasnt squeezed (5) ori6) ofatention, Infact, caved attention and fought really ard to excel in everything, [became an overachiever Now dof et (7) bbymy paren Wehavea very good relationship an fel they 6) ep in everthing do. Mind you, they sill(®) ‘moreattaton on ay Younger ser than me Bt don mind tht ov 6 ABOUT YOU Are you the middle child of three, or do you know any middle children? Ifso is there ‘any truth in what the text says? Write in your notebook, or talk to another student. People 25 9 I can describe my emotions A An emotional rollercoaster ‘no apparent reason. One minute im ontop ofthe world the next 'n atthe end of my tether ot ‘crying my eyes out at some sly romanticmovie Im soshort tempered - the sights thing winds me wp. ' guy inthe ofce was appingon the radiator eal and jus went off the deep end and screamed my head off athim, Poor man Ihave since apologized Pregnancy has stirred upfeings I didnt know existed! [sacha new experience gues just eed time to take all ‘without an abvius cause very happy or proud. ore down in the dumps 1. hhaving no patience or energy left to deal witha difficult situation. srs at your wits‘end, [nc in an uncontrolled way and be unable to stop. sve make sb angry o upset. off the deep end ne suddenly became very angry or emotional, scream/laugh/shout yourhead off screan/laugh/shout very loudly stirsthup make s feel or think st, eg anger, far, memories, take thin accept sth as eal or true (ca take i ll. 1 Rewrite the sentences using the word in capitals. The meaning must stay the same. > tm feating realy fed up, DOWN fel really dew in the dsp, 1 Thenevs so bad that | cant believe i TAKE 2 The boy was making alot of noise, HEAD 3. She couldnt stop crying, EYES 4 cat deal with the situation fm so upset. TETHER 5 6 7 8 He got angry and lst his temper. DEEP ‘The news made everyone angry. STR Please don't make her angry WIND Tm feeling extremely happy: WORLD 2 ABOUT YOU Complete the questions. Then write your answers in your notebook, or tak to ‘another student. 1 What kinds of things nif tend to wind you 7 2. What makes you fel down inthe 7 3 Doyouever fea at your wits 2 ifs0, why? 44 When did you ast augh your head and why? 5 When did youlast go off the fend at Someone, and why? 6 Doyou ever fee incredibly postive for no reason? 7 What memories would upto see your od school? 88 Which single thing would make you feel on ‘ofthe world ight now? 26 Prope B Keeping emotions under control Dealing with office disputes Ashead of department, have to dea with dspates up the wrong way.and flares upat the sighest, betwoen employes, an absolutely cannot take provocation, oft spend time ane with her des. ey toinvolve both parties in the dispute fooling her down, then bringin whoever she boutensure tht keepany meeting on an even. has upset. Isa sires jb, and have to Keep my eel That's easier sald than done, epecallyif emotions in check. When Igoe, [can pour my they're dying to havea goateachther Someone heart out omy husband: be doesnt mind al! Ike Zoe, for instanee, tends to rub her cllagues ea ‘onan even ket! ‘happening a calm way, with no sudden changes or disturbances. that’s easier said than done thats good idea, bt dificult to achieve. bbedying todosth/forsth iNPwant to do arhave sth very much havea goatsb in atack or cities, ub sbup the wrong way edo or systh that annoys or offends sb. flareup suddenly become angry (as above). 2 (of afr) suddenly start burning more righty «ool (sb) down ‘become or make sb calmer and less exited. 5 cain (sb) down, keep sthisbin check think we can get the carpet inthe carifwe rol tp 1 ve got another six months with this awful project. hope can 2. Weneed to see athe photos tthe same time, so youll ned to 3 This sir’ too short, butts easy enough to 4 That documents really important — why on earth did you 5 Theresa lot of workto be done, sits time to 6 Theresa lotof wate onthe floor. Could you 2 7 Hewasso weak he kept fling over. had to '8 When my brother did that avful dance at the wedding, ust 29 Review: People Unit 5 1 Read the text, then answer the questions. AMAZON ADVENTURE Asgroup leader yu have o choos four volunteers rom the ls below to accompany yuonathrce- week tek down the Aman, Iwill be hot. dificult, and yore not sure what © ‘expect You need people with nti who wilalbo work ‘well as team, Which four would yo chooseand why? And tvhy woul you choose the oer si? Amyabright spark Sy:tough sold boots ‘Mandy: acold fish (Ollie unknown quantity on: nobody oa live kes the sound ofhis own voice Bil thickastwo shor planks Brenda:salt ofthe arth sabe docs sur fools gladly Alec:acreatueofhabit | would choose | woulda choose the others because 2 Complete the phrases being defined 1 hopping very angry. 2 havea quick bbecome angry quickly and often, 3 anasty ‘of work avery unpleasant person. 4 alve Someone who islively and full of energy 5 asoft ‘someone you can easly get money from because theyre kind. 6 madasa strange orcray. 7 under sb completely controlled by somebody else. 8 pyre hide your feelings so that you appear calm and controlled. 30 Aevew-Feple unit 6 1 Rewrite the sentences using the word in capital. Keep a similar meaning. 1 2 3 4 5 6 He never does anything to help FINGER Shell do anything to get what she wants. STOP They tried very hard to help us. LENGTHS Her generosity is what makes he diferent. SET Call me f you need a sympathetic friend, SHOULDER My sister assumes im always thereto help her. GRANTED 2 Complete the sentences. Does anyone ever pick you for na reason? Do you think you can stick ‘or yourself in most situations? Can anyone twist you ound their litle ? Who do you towhen you need a tocryont Wh do you usualy ask when you need someone to lend you a helping ? Does anyone ever put their ‘down to stop you getting what you want? (Can you remembera time when you went out of your tohelp someone? Isthere anyone you sometimes for granted? 3 ABOUT YOU Write your answers to Exercise 2In your notebook, or talkto another student. Unit 7 1 Complete the conversation. ‘axa UhearthatTina has (1) ith Graham. fm amazed they've been together fora couple of years havent they? ‘pom Yeah, but! thinkthe (2) was pretty inevitable, actualy axa WhyS that? ‘rom Well they've been yoing Unaugl eaticky 3) for awhie om, ad wo be honest dont think they're really (4) foreach other. ‘awa. Well Grahams not an easy person. He kes to please (5) what he does and frankly, hhesnot the kind of uy to (6) someone halfway ox Exactly. thinkTina felthet (7) her around long enough, and inthe end she decided to walk (8) ‘rom the whole thing. dont blame her. 2 Rewrite each sentence, starting with the words given. Keep the meaning the same, 1 2 a 5 6 Hes going to have to compromise with er. Hes going tohave tome" her noi funy Ithappened at time when they were too angry or excited o think carefully, Ithappened inthe heat It was money which caused them to disagree and argue 20 much Ie was money which drove Ie would be much nicer if you came alone. (afar Theyie just spending too much tine together ‘They just living inesch [hear they've decided to get marred lear they've decided to tie Td love to meet George Clooney. give evew-Peope 31 Unit 8 1 Tickthe correct sentence ending. “Theres no love lost between us: a) we'e great frends. (Jb) we ust dont get on.) He always makes @ point of helping: a) why ishe so selfish? 1b) why ishe so kind tous? “They stated paying and left Michae! outa) that made him sa¢.Cb) that made him feel special.) Dan backed me up because a) he knew Iwas wrong. (Jb) he knew I needed support.) Service was ontop of the maln charges, a} which made it more expensive.(1b) which wasnt so bad.C1 ‘They always close ranks when a) theres an external threat.C1b) they‘ higher up.) She turned on mea)! had expected that.1b) hadnt expected that L] ‘They take Mum for granted, nda) they shouldnt do that.C1b) she kes fC] 2. Rewrite the sentences using the correct form of the word in capitals. Keep the same meaning. ‘he didnt include me inthe plans LEAVE Sh eft ne out of te plans ‘Shan became less involved in the group, DISTANCE | gave my sona lat of ralse. LAVISH Dara doesn't get any affection from her parents. STARVE Hes a close relative of mine. FLESH She behaved badly and never ga caught, MURDER “Those kids argue all day long, CAT Unit 9 1 Are you happy or unhappy about these situations? Write H or U. 1 fmattheend of my tether 2. Shes on my side 3. He wound me up. 4 Thenews stited up ansety 5. mon topof the word 6 7 8 lehada goat me "im feeling a bit down inthe dumps He went ofthe deep end. 2. Complete the idioms and phrasal verbs being defined. 1 scream your off scream very loudly. 2 thats said than done =that’ a good idea, but dificult to achieve, 3 your heart out tell sball your problems and feelings. 4 take support one person and not another 5 sbupthewrongway in do orsay th that annoys sb. 6 forno reason Withoutan obvious cause 7 ayyour out eryinan uncontrolled way 8 be todosth nt want to sth very much. 32 view: People Unit 10 1 Use a phrasal verb to describe what you can see in each picture. hii. 1 shes 5 Somebody has 6 Shes 71m atm 2 Chee the correct definition. 1 you propup a company, you lp a company nifty inherit. 2 Ifyou rollup your sleeves you stp doing sth tart aia ask 3 fyou-screw sth up, you make amess of fret ow todo. 4 Hfyoueurl up withsth you become very angry embarassed 5 you stiek sth out you continue todo stfu or boing |youwork hard ats. 6 there are afew things to mop up, there are afew tings o remember | compete. een People 33 11. I can talk about money A Financial worries HiDad sotto Marin ys deo enbarased tly hi bt ha prety mach ving on i ‘breading tweet hhaloforkout sat ony onsen a x oth tellbe cen worse off where gore. The ng Ico nk hs gata ofall back on Telley my hanes nab 20a. bth et moth et yo is i To hearer rst pay bls own way bu wold yu wl bal mt ft ions or ent havea word with him without saying spoken o you? Thanks. Love Tacey pretty much/well xFalmost ‘onthe breadline very poor: with very litle money to live on. forksthout(onsth) NP spend alot of money on sth, usually money you dot want to spend. SIX pay sth out. be worse of, be poorer. unhappie, et than before. op” be better of fall backon sth Ihave sth to se when in fcity (in this ease money). lay/get your handls on sth find or get sth that you want or really need. paysth off finish paying money that is owed for sth pay your (own) way _pay for everything youself without relying on others ballsb out rescue b froma dificult station, usually wth money 1 Correct the mistake in each sentence. » Ive always paid my only way. ov. 1 Where at going to lay my hand on $5,000? 2 Thad to fork over £30 just to getinto the club 3 He still has to pay out most of his debts. 4 Alotof families are ving on the breadqueve. 5 Ifshe spends her salary shel have no money to fil ackon, 6 Now she’s got promotion, shell be better on 2 Complete the text. ‘When my daughter eft university shes sh'd son be ale o pay (1) baer debts, and then she'd o. ‘much beable to pay her own (3) But thing didnt work ut ike that. Aer shed) ‘almost al her sary on reat, rave and fod, she was (5) ‘offthan beforand as she hada saved anything at university, she had nothing t (6) ackon nothing, that except her parents We were naturally the ones who had to (7) heroat. 3 ABOUT YOU Complete the sentences. Then decide f you agree with them. Write your answers in your notebook or talkto another student. 1 Youshould always your debtsas soon as possible, 2 Once you leave home, you should way. 3 Hyouneedto hands on some money ast you should bertowitfromamember ‘of your family That's what families are fr:to ‘out when things are difut 4 Governments should give more to people who are on 34 Eset te B Financial investment TOP TIPS for investing in the stock market + Don'timvest more than youcan afford or you could land yourself in trouble + Dontimest off your own bat - seek prope financial adic fist + Erron the side of caution fyou donithave otf money to play with, + Dostletallthe jargon put you off youl ick it up as time goes by Once youve bought stocks hold onto them for ahi Fas trading can be expensive. + Donors toad on the es you will have to py: ths coud came to 34 percent, + Don'expect your investmentsto bear fruit immediately - you need patience. + Remember shares go down as wells up so go into it with your eyes open, Glossary land sb/yourselfin sth ‘vr get sblyourefint a dficlt situation. off your own bat INE Ifyou dost off your own bat itis your kea and you doit without ‘lp fom others. cerronthe side of caution ‘be careful and not take many risks hhave money/time, et to play with have enough money/ime, ec for doing th astime goesby astime pases, hold on to /onto sth $eep st; not give or sl th tsb else, addsth on (tosth) indude sth extra. add-on s. ‘come tosh aad up toa otal amount (Te bil eame to £50). bear fut havea successful result with your eyes open nowing that there could be problems in asituation, To sapere ang nade dn eso Bcc alain feagee sone oeec atonal eae a cama 4 Putthe words int correct sentences. the er |on| shoud] sie| you caution |of lees | wert th] open my into ‘he| an | own | his | account | bat | off | opened Could ene in| touble he snd she [het |shres |e on play | don't | much | with | money | we | to| have 5 Complete the texts, The shares were going o cos me jut under £300, butonce you) ‘onthe brokers feat 2 per

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