Electric Charges and Fields CBSE Board Questio 1.6 Coulomb's Law (1 mark) G Wo identical conducting balls A and B have charges -Q and +3Q respectively. They are brought in contact with each other and then separated by a distance d apart. Find the nature of the Coulomb force between them. (AI 2019) 2. Two equal balls having equal positive charge ‘q coulombs are suspended by two insulating strings of equal length. What would be the effect on the force when a plastic sheet is inserted between the two? (AI2014) EM (2 marks) 3. Plotagraph showing the variation of coulomb force (F) versus ( 1 4). where ris the distance r between the two charges of each pair of charges : (IMC, 2uC) and (2uC, - 340), interpret the graphs obtained. (AI 2011) (5 marks) {4 Two identical point charges, q each, are kept 2 m apart in air. A third point charge Q of unknown magnitude and sign is placed on the line joining the charges such that the system remains in equilibrium, Find the position and nature of Q. (3/5, Delhi 2019) 1.8 Electric Field (3 marks) [BLA particle of charge 2 C and mass 1.6 g is moving with a velocity 4ims?. At t = 0 the particle enters in a region having an electric field B (in NC") = 80i+60j. Find the velocity of the particle at f= 5 s. (2/3, 2020) a LM (5 marks) Two point charges of +1 4C and +4 UC are kept 30 cm apart. How far from the +1 C charge on the line joining the two charges, will the net electric field be zero? (2/5, 2020) B® A thin circular ring of radius r is charged uniformly so that its linear charge density becomes A. Derive an expression for the electric field at a point P at a distance x from it along the axis of the ring. Hence, prove that at large distances (x >> r), the ring behaves as a point charge, (3/5, 2020) Consider a system of m charges 41, 42 --- n with position vectors 7,,7,,7,)...., Telative to some origin ‘O Deduce the expression for the net electric field E at a point P with position vector 7, due to this system of charges. (3/5, Foreign 2015) 1.9 Electric Field Lines (1. mark) 10. i (3marks) 12, 13. Draw the pattern of electric field lines when a point charge +q is kept near an uncharged conducting plate. (Delhi 2019) Why do the electrostatic field lines not form closed loops ? (AI2014, AI 2012C) Why do the electric field lines never cross each other ? (AI2014) Two electric field lines cannot cross each other. Also, they cannot form closed loops. Give reasons. (1/3, 2020) A point charge (+Q) is kept in the vicinity ofan uncharged conducting plate. Sketch the electric field lines between the charge and the plate. (1/3, Foreign 2014) 1.10 Electric Flux (1 mark) 14, Electric flux through a spherical surface shown in the figure, is o4qs (2020)6 (2 marks) WAG) Define the term ‘electric flux: Write its Slunit (ii), What is the flux due to electric field B=3«10°) N/C through a square of side 82 10.¢m, when it is held normal to £ : : (AI 20156) na uniform — electric field FE =5x10' NIC. Find the flux of this field through a square of 10 cm on a side whose plane is parallel to the y-z plane. What would be the flux through the same square if the plane makes a 30° angle with the x-axis? (Dethi 2014) (3 marks) PB Consider a uniform electric field E=3x10°/ N/C. Calculate the flux of this field through a square surface of area 10 cm? when (i) its plane is parallel to the y-z plane (ii) the normal to its plane makes a 60° angle with the x-axis. (Delhi 2013C) 1.11 Electric Dipole (1 mark) 18. Define the term electric dipole moment of a dipole. State its $.1. unit. (Foreign 2013, AI 2011) (3 marks) 19. Derive an expression for the electric field due to dipole of dipole moment P at a point on its perpendicular bisector. (2/3, Delhi 2019) Derive the expression for electric field at a point on the equatorial line of an electric dipole. (2/3, Delhi 2017) WENN (5 marks) 21. Derive an expression for the electric field at any point on the equatorial line of an electric dipole (2/5, Delhi 2019) 22. (a) Derive an ex ‘pression for the electric field E due to a dipole of le distant r from the centre axial line, ngth ‘2a’ at a point of the dipole on the CBSE Champion Physics Class 12 sr for r >> a. (3/5, AI 2017) 23. An clectric dipole of dipole moment P consists of point charges +q and ~q separated by a distance 2a apart. Deduce the (b) Draw a graph of E vers expression for the electric field E due to the dipole at a distance x from the centre of the dipole on its axial line in terms of the dipole moment j. Hence show that in the limit x>>a, B —> 2p i(4ne,x’). (3/5, Delhi 2015) 24, Find the resultant electric field due to an electric dipole of dipole moment 2aq (2a being the separation between the charges + q) at a point distance x on its equator. (2/5, Foreign 2015) 25. Define electric dipole moment. Is it a scalar or a vector quantity? Derive the expression for the electric field of a dipole at a point on the equatorial plane of the dipole. (3/5, Al 2013) 1.12 Dipole in a Uniform External Field (imark) i 26. An electric dipole placed in a non-uniform electric field can experience (a) a force but not a torque (b) a torque but not a force VF always a force and a torque (4). neither a force nor a torque (2020) Write the expression for the torque 7 acting ona dipole of dipole moment placed in an electric field B. (Foreign 2015) (2 marks) By 28, 27. Derive the expression for the torque acting on an electric dipole, when it is held in a uniform electric field, Identify the orientation of the dipole in the electric field, in which it attains a stable equilibrium. (2020) (3 marks) (BY depict the orientation of the dipole in (a) stable, (b) unstable equilibrium in a uniform electric field (1/3, Delhi 2017)Electric Charges and Fields 30. (i) Obtain the expression tor the torque t radius exp Qn! The ratio dipole Sf the surtace charge density of the inner uniform electric field, £ surface to that of the outer surface will (ii) What will happen if the field we not be (2020) uniform? (Dethi 2017) M. An electric dipole of dipole moment Pp 1.14 Gauss’s Law is placed in @ uniform electric field E. MEUEEME (1 mario Obtain the expression for the torque é experienced by the dipole. kdentity we pairs MBBIF the net eect of perpendicular and oute ius. iced by an electric dipale of moment > in flux through a closed tors in the expression surface is zero, then we can infer (Delhi 2015¢) (a) no net charge is enclosed by the surface 32. An electric dipole is kept ina uniform (b) uniform electric field exists within the electric field. Derive an exp surface ion for the net torque acting on it and write its direction, State the conditions under which the dipole is in (i) stable equilibrium »(©) electric potential varies from point to point inside the surfi and (ii) unstable |) charge is present inside the surface. 3 a 202 equilibrium, (Delhi 2012¢) | (2020) ‘The electric flux through a closed Gaussian {S marks) & surface depends upon 33. If dipole were kept in a uniform external (a) net charge enclosed and permittivity of electric field Ey, diagrammatically represent the medium the position of the dipole in stable and (b) net charge enclosed, permittivity of the unstable equilibrium and write the medium and the size of the Gaussian expressions for the torque acting on the surface dipole in both the cases. (c) net charge enclosed only (2/5, Al 2017 (4) permittivity of the medium only. (2020) GB) Define torque acting on a dipole of BB How does the electric flux due to a point dipole monieat''p Glace) ia aninen charge enclosed by a spherical Gaussian = face get affe c a electric field E, Express it in the vector form He Ne ada a oo and point out the direction along which it ‘i : 6, S AQ. What is the electric flux through a cube of i) What heppees if te fd & noc- side 1 cm which encloses an electric dipole? uniform? (Delhi 2015) (©) What would happen if the external field (A charge ‘q’ is placed at the centre of a cube E is increasing (i) parallel to P and of side I. What is the electric flux passing (ii) anti-parallel to p ? (Foreign 2016) through each face of the cube? (AI 2012) 35. Deduce the expression for the torque acting (3 marks) on a dipole of dipole moment p in the ee : : 7 ft cae Ae ® A hootiow cylindrical box of length 1 m and Liat aeheh ad (3/5, Al2014) area of cross-section 25 cm? is placed in a three dimensional coordinate system as 112 cA. aS a : ances om3 (Delhi 2013) State Gauss’ law in electrostatic. A cube with cach side‘a’ is kept in an electric field given by E = Cxi, (asis shown in the figure) where Cis a positive dimensional constant. Find out y Sa is. (i) the electric flux through the cube (ii) the net charge inside the cube. (Foreign 2012) HEMI 65 marks) 45. An electric field is uniform and acts along +x direction in the region of positive x. Itis also uniform with the same magnitude but acts in ~x direction in the region of negative x. The value of the field is E = 200 N C"! for x > 0 and E= -200 NC"! for x <0. A right circular cylinder of length 20 cm and radius 5 cm has its centre at the origin and its axis along the x-axis so that one flat face is at x = +10 cm and the other is at x = -10 cm, Find: (i) The net outward flux throu, (ii) Thenet charge igh the cylinder. Present inside the cylinder, (2/5, 2020) (a) Define electric flux. Is it a scalar or a vector quantity ? A point charge q is at a 4 distance of d/2 directly above the centre of a square of side d, as * shown in the figure, Use Gauss law to > obtain the expression for the electric flu: through the square, 5 47. (EBB .CBSE Champion Physics Class 12 (b) If th distance ‘d’ from the centre of the square and the side of the square is doubled, explain how point charge is now moved to a the electric flux will be affected (2018) Given the electric field in the region E=2xi, find the > electric flux through pile the cube and the charge enclosed by it. (2/5, Delhi 2015) Define electric flux. Write its $.1. unit “Gauss's law in electrostatics is true for any closed surface, no matter what its shape or size is”. Justify this statement with the help of a suitable example. (AI2015) Consider two hollow concentric spheres $; and S,, enclosing charges 2Q and 40. respectively as shown in figure. (i) Find out the ratio of the electric flux through them. How will the electric flux through the sphere 5, change if a medium of dielectric constant ‘e,’ is introduced in the space inside $, in place of ait? Deduce the necessary expression, (ii) 40 }s, (AI 2014) 1.15 Applications of Gauss's Law (1 mark) 49. 50. A metallic spherical shell has an_ inner radius R, and outer radius Rj. A charge Q is Placed at the centre of the shell. What will be the surface charge density on the (i) inner surface, and (ii) outer surface of the shell? (AI 2019) Does the charge given to a metallic sphere depend on whether itis hollow or solid. Give reason for your answer, (Delhi 2017)Blectric Charges and Fields GB Two charges of magnitudes -2Q and +Q are located at points (a, 0) and (4a, 0) respectively. What is the electric flux due to these charges through a sphere of radius 3a’ with its centre at the origin? (AI 2013) law to show that for a charged spherical shell, the electric field outside the shell is, as if the entire charge were concentrated at the centre, (12019) Giwo large parallel plane sheets have uniform charge densities +6 and -. Determine the electric field (i) between the sheets, and (ii) outside the sheets, (Al 2019) 54. A small metal Metal sphere carrying charge +Q is located at the centre of a spherical cavity inside a large uncharged metallic spherical shell as shown in the figure. Use Gausss law to find the expressions for the electric field at points Pyand Py (A12014) 55. Two concentric metallic spherical shells of radii R and 2R are given charges Q, and Q, respectively. The surface charge densities on the outer surfaces of the shells are equal. Determine the ratio Q, : Q;. (Foreign 2013) (3 marks) c i 56. ‘Two infinitely large plane thin parallel sheets having surface charge densities 6 and 62 (6, > 6) are shown in the figure. Write the magnitudes and directions of the net electric fields in the regions marked II and III. ii 0 B (Foreign 2014) 57. 58. (i) State Gauss'’s law. (ii) Athinstraightinfinitely long conducting wire of linear charge density ‘A’ is enclosed byacylindrical surface of radius'r’ and length ‘T. Its axis coinciding with the length of the wire. Obtain the expression for the electric field, indicating its direction, at a point on the surface of the cylinder. (Delhi 2012C) Using Gauss’s law obtain the expression for the electric field due to a uniformly charged thin spherical shell of radius R at a point ‘outside the shell. Draw a graph showing the variation of electric field with r, for r> Rand rR (3/5, 2020) (a) Use Gauss’ law to show that due to a uniformly charged spherical shell of radius R, the electric field at any point situated outside the shell at a distance r from its centre is equal to the electric field at the same point, when the entire charge on the shell were concentrated at its centre. Also plot the graph showing the variation of electric field with r, for rs Rand r2R (3/5, 2020) (a) Use Gauss’ law to derive the expression for the electric field (E) due to a straight uniformly charged infinite line of charge density 4 C m" (b) Drawa graph to show the variation of E with perpendicular distance r from the line of charge. (©) Find the work done in bringing a charge q from perpendicular distance r, to r (> 1) (201810 63. 65. 67. Use Gauss’s theorem to find the electric field due to a uniformly charged infinitely large plane thin sheet with surface charge density o. (2/5, AI 2017) Use Gauss’ law to find the electric field due to a uniformly charged infinite plane sheet. What is the direction of field for positive and negative charge densities? _ (3/5, AI 2016) Use Gauss’ law to prove that the electric field inside a uniformly charged spherical shell is zero. (3/5, Al 2015) A small conducting sphere of radius carrying a charge +4 is surrounded by a large concentric condricting shell of radius R on which a charge +Q is placed. Using Gauss's law derive the expressions for the electric field at a point ‘x’ () between the sphere and the shell (r 2x10 (801 +.60j) = (16x10 )a => G=100x10774+75x107j Now from equation of motion, =ti+ at = 41+ (100x107 +75 x10 )5 =451+0.375} 6 Let at point P, the net electric field is zero, then 4 Q=WC | PHC 30-x As ek =—4 5 x=100m * 30-x)7 1 (b) : Given radius = r, Circumference = 2m charge = dq = Adl dadl dE, = dEcos@ = hdl —_ a Ane, (r? +x?) 1 " hacdl . B, Sab cos =) ay ae aed aD ane, Gap? when x >> r, Then 8. Consider a system of m point charges q,, a» Gy having position vectors Fyn, with respect to the origin O. According to Coulomb's law, the force on charge test qy due to charge 4, is y Pare =—_ fio? An iay Pie where 7,, isa unit vector in the direction from % to Pand r,pis the distance between q, and P. Hence the electric field at point P due to charge g, is 7-5-4; Np 40 ARE nip Similarly, electric field at P due to charge qs is 1 MP 4ney 13, If B is the electric field at point P due to the system of charges, then by the principle of superposition of electric fields,2 \ 10. Flectrostatic field lines do not form closed loops due to conservative nature of electric field. 11, At the point of intersection of two field lines, there will be two directions for the resultant electric field, This is not acceptable. 12, Refer to answer 10 and 11. 13. Refer to answer 9. 14, The total electric flux through a surface, =, where Q is the charge enclosed by the surface. Here ¢= 21 15. (i) Electric flux: Total number ofelectric field lines crossing a surface normally is called electric flux. SI unit of electric flux is Nm? C*! (ii) The area of a surface can be represented as a vector along normal to the surface. Here E=3x10°i NC 2 Area of the square AS = 10 x 10 cm? AS = 100 cm? = 10? m? Since normal to the square is along x-axis, we have AS= 107i m? Electric flux through the square, = E-AS =(3x10°)-(10-/) 6=30NmC1 16. Here, E=5x10°7N/C Side of square = a = 10 m= 0.1 m Area of square, —ae S=a?= (0.1)? =0.01 m Case I: Area vector is along x-axis, ree S=0.01i m? : Be, Required flux, = £.5 - = 6=(6x10%1).0.01) > =50NmiIC (CBSE Champion Physics Class 12 Case II: Plane of the square makes a 30° angle with the x-axis. Here, angle between area vector and the electric field is 60°. ; So, required flux 6’ = E-Scos@ = (5 x 10°)(10) cos60° = 25 N m’ IC | 17. Given electric field E =3 x 10°) NC! Magnitude of area, S = 10 cm? = 1 x 10 m* (i) When the surface is parallel to y-z plane, the normal to plane is along x-axis. In this case 0 = 0; so electric flux, = E-8=(3x10%)-(1x107°7) = 3N mC! y — me > ste af e is, . ore a 5 (ii) Inthiscase 0 = 60°, so electric flux,@=E.Scos6 1 =3x 10? x 1 x 10° cos 60° = 3 x 2 =15Nm?C1. 18. Strength of an electric dipole is measured by its electric dipole moment, whose magnitude is equal to product of magnitude of either charge and separation between the two charges ie., P=q-(2a) and is directed from negative to positive charge along the line joining the two charges. Its SI unit isCm. Fe ¢#——-. 2a Seah. 19. Electric field on the equatorial line of an electric dipole: Electric field at any point on the perpendicular bisector of an electric dipole at distance r from its centre is, Ene = 's = Ep, cos @ + Epg cos @ (Vertical component cancel each other OF Exe: = 2Ep, cos O (Epa = Eps)Electric Charges and Fields Boe = get go cane 4m (? a7) (? 4Q2y!? 1 2 Bet aa ane) +g 1 P gg 9 a or Amey (PF +a?) directed antiparallel to dipole moment. For short dipole, when r >>> a, then electric field at point Pis ate. Ane, 7? In vectorial form, the electric field intensity at point P on the perpendicular bisector of short electric dipole is then given by E 20. Refer to answer 19. 21. Refer to answer 19. 22. (a) Electric field at an axial point of an electric dipole. Let us consider an electric dipole consisting of charges +q and -q, seperated by distance 2a and placed in vacuum, Let P be a point on the axial line at distance r from the centre O of the dipole on right side of the charge +4. by -4 oO +4 : i «—— 24 ——-" ~—_— Electric field at an axial point of dipole i =e =P (towards left) Ane, (r +a) where p is a unit vector along the dipole axis from - to +q. Electric field due to charge +4 at point P is fags ot 1 gneg(r—a)? Hence the resultant electric field at point P is P (towards right) > 1 1 | ee 2 2 meg|(r—«) (ray 13 Here p = q x 2a = dipole moment For r> > a, a® can be neglected as compared to 2p» or = P (towards right) (b) 23. Refer to answer 22 (a). 24. Refer to answer 19. 25. Refer to answers 18 and 19. 26. (c):An electric dipole in a non-uniform electric field always experience a force and a torque. 27. ‘The torque % acting on a dipole of dipole moment P placed in an electric field E is given by =pxE ‘T= pE sind where @ = Angle between dipole moment and electric field. 28. Torque on a dipole in uniform electric field: When electric dipole is placed in a uniform electric field, its two charges experience equal and opposite forces, which cancel each other and hence net force on an electric dipole in a uniform electric field i hitasind 2a Cos 0 However these forces are not collinear, so they give rise to some torque on the dipole given by Torque = Magnitude of either force x Perpendicular distance between them 1 = Fr, = gE.2a sin = q2a. E sind or t= pEsinO where 0 is the angle between the directions of P and E4 In vectorial form, ¢= px E (a) When 0 = 0° or 180° then Tyyq = 0 (b) When 0 = 90° then Tax = PE ‘Thus, torque on a dipole tends to align direction of uniform elec ld. If the field is not uniform in tha: condition the net on electric dipole is not zev the forci When 0 = 0;t=Oand f and E are patalie: and the dipole is in a position of stable equilibrium. 29. (a) Refer to answer 28. iL (b) When 0 = 180%, t= 0 and f and E are antiparallel and the dipole is in a position of unstable equilibrium. 30. Refer to answer 28. 31. Refer to answer 28. t=pxE Pairs of perpendicular @ @A) —) @B) 32. Refer to answer 28 and 29, 33. Refer to answer 28. 34, (a) Suppose an electric dipole of dipole moment is placed along a direction, making an angle @ with the direction of an external uniform electric field E. Then, the torque acting on the dipole is defined as pE sin® or t= fx B. Its direction will be perpendicular to both p and E. (©) (i) E is increasing parallel to then 0 = 0°. So torque becomes zero but the net force on the dipole will be in the direction of increasing electric field and hence it will have linear motion along the dipole moment. (ii) E is increasing anti-parallel to P. So, the _ torque still remains zero but the net force on the dipole will bein the direction of increasing electric field which is opposite to the dipole moment, hence it will have linear motion opposite to the dipole moment. 35. Refer to answer 28, 36, Let the charge on inner surface be 4, then (QEEED CBSE Champion Physics Class 12 in ‘Then charge on outer surface will be -q, then qe kes 7. (a):As $=—-,9=0=9q=0 37, (a):As o % 38. (a) 39. According to Gauss’ law, theelectric flux passing through —_/ a closed surface is given by | G8 aj = Senne £ When radius of spherical Gaussian surface is increased, its surface area will be increased but point charge enclosed in the sphere remains same. Hence there will be no change in the electric flux. 40. According to Gauss’ law, net flux through a closed surface, , = E-d5 fen 0 Total charge enclosed, qe, = 0 as net charge on dipole is zero. 0) oe 0 41. By Gauss’ theorem, total flux through whole of the cube, @=L =0 & where, q is the total charge enclosed by the cube As, charge is at centre, therefore, electric flux is symmetrically distributed on all 6 faces. Therefore, Flux through each face of the cube,len Electric Charges and Fields Given, B=50x7 and A= 25 em? 95 104m As the electric field is only along the x-axis, so, flux will pass only through the cross-section sf cylinder, Magnitude of electric field at cross-section A, 50x 1 = 50 NC Magnitude of electric ficld at cross-section B y= 50% 2=100NC? The corresponding electric fluxes are 64 = Ey = 50x 25 x 10 cos 180° 0.125 N mC E,-A = 100x 25 x 10 cos 0° ou So, the net flux through the cylinder, 9= 4 + Oy = -0.125 + 0.25 = 0.125 Nm? Cl (ii) Using Gauss’s law fi-dd=4 0.12524 _ £ 8.85x10-? = q=8.85 x 0.125 x 10-7 = 11x 10-2 43. Gauss’s law in electrostatics states that the total electric flux through a closed surface enclosing a charge is equal to + times the magnitude of that charge. * y fie >i 4 1 I< * ? o=G8-ds=4 £ (i) Net flux, @= 0; + 2 where 6, = 2aC dS cos 0° = 2aC x a” = 20°C 92 = aC x a? cos 180° = -a°C = 2@°C + (-aC) = aC Nm? Ct (ii) Net charge (q) = €y x $= a°C &y coulomb 44. (i) Given 1 = 20 cm, r= 5 cm = 0.05 m Net flux, @={E-dA+{E-dA=200m(0.05)* cos 0x2 =aNmC1 (ii) ‘The net charge enclosed,q = 6,¢, = RNmiC! x 8.85 x 102 C2N1 m2 27.789 x10? 45. (a) Electric flux linked with a surface is eters the number of electric E lines of force cutting § through a surface poet normally and is measured as surface integral of electric field over that surface S i.., o= [Eas Itis a scalar quantity. Let us assume that the given square be one face of the cube of edge dcm. As charge of q is at distance of d/2 above the centre of a square, so it is enclosed by the cube. Hence by Gauss theorem, electric flux linked with the cube is +4 8 d ot oe So, the magnitude of the electric flux through the square is a= (b) Here distance of point charge becomes doubled and also sides of square gets doubled. Same kind of symmetry is still here with sides of cube 2d, hence electric flux through the square will not be affected ie, O54 = ra 0 a Hence there will be no change in electric flux.16 46. E=2xi » So, flux passes through faces of cube which are perpendicular to x-axis, ‘The magnitude of electric field at the left face (x=0),E,=0 = ‘The tude of electric field at the right face, (x= a), So, net flux, d= E-AS E, As cos 180° + Ey As cos0” +2axa"=2a' Assume enclosed charge is 4. Use Gauss’ law, ¢ = £ 47. Electric flux linked with a surface is the number of electric lines of force cutting through the surface normally. It’s SI unit is N m? C*' or V m. On decreasing the radius of spherical surface to half there will be no effect on the electric flux. Let us take a charge Q inside a cube or a sphere. 48. (i) Charge enclosed by sphere S, = 2Q By Gauss law, electric flux through sphere S, is 1 = 2Q/€ Charge enclosed by sphere, S:=2Q+4Q=6Q 2 = 6QlEy ‘The ratio of the electric flux is 01:0) =2:6=1:3 (ii) When a medium of dielectric constant ¢, is introduced in sphere $,, the flux through S, would be 4 = 22 ce, 49. (i) Charge induced on a the inner surface = -Q hae Leas: 4nR? (i) Charge induced on the outer surface = +Q 50. No, the charge given to a metallic sphere does not depend on whether it is hollow or solid because all the charges will move to the outer surface of the sphere. Charge will be distributed uniformly over the surface of the sphere. 51. y (4a, 0) ; Ginside = 22 Electric flux @ = “inside & & 52. Using Gauss’s theorem at point P, fE-as ae & JE4nr? coso? = Qi & (" Eis constant throughout the surface) E=—2 Aner? This is same as electric field due to a point charge which can be assumed to be concentrated at the centre. 53. The direction ed 3 of electric field in => | ol various regions is ¢__ | Fi | | given as follows : zi a js mM I 1 B=Ey = 2€ Ege =1E, +B |= 4 2 = 2€) 28) CCT a paca ae 2€) 2€ 54, Using Gauss’s theorem, electric field at P, peeenG: AMEg 72 Again field at P,,Electric Charges and Fields Q 1 neq Because electric field inside a conductor is zero. Surface charge density, : = constant Charge Q, = 4nR?a Charge Q: = 4n(2R)'o 4nR’o 1 4nQRyo 4 56. 4 m1 > Ey B In region II: The electric field due to the sheet of charge A will be from left to right (along the positive direction) and that due to the sheet of charge B will be from right to left (along the negative direction). Therefore, in region II, we have re & £9 E= +e, ~©) along positive direction 0 In region IIT: ‘The electric fields due to both the charged sheets will be from left to right, ie., along the positive direction. Therefore, in region III, we have B=%14 & & (6, +0;) along positive direction & 57. (i) According to Gauss’s law, total flux over a 1, closed surface $ in vacuum is — times the total & charge enclosed by closed surface $ o= $ E enclosed s & (ii) Electric field intensity due to line charge or infinite long uniformly charged wire at point P at distance r from it is obtained as : 17 Assume a cylindrical gaussian surface § with charged wire on its axis and point P on its surface, then net electric flux through surface is ites pi) J Eas.cos90° + J Eds cos” s upper curved plane surface fice +f Eds cos 90" lower lane or 6=0+EA+0 or = E2nrl But by Gauss’ theorem g = = & fy Where q is the charge on length | of wire enclosed by cylindrical surface $, and 2 is uniform linear charge density of wire. uM a Ex 2nrl= — or E= &y 2megr directed normal to the surface of charged wire. 58. Consider a thin spherical shell of radius R carrying charge q. To find the electric field outside the shell, we consider a spherical Gaussian surface of radius r (> R), concentric with given shell. The electric field E is same at every point of Gaussian surface and directed radially outwards (as is unit vector n so that @ = 0°) According to Gauss theorem,18 E 4q Aner? Vectorially, E = or Special cases (i) At the point on the surface of the shell, r= R 14 AME R (ii) If 0 is the surface charge density on the shell then q = 4nR’o (iii) If the point P lies inside the spherical shell then the Gaussian surface encloses no charge r centre (7) 59. Refer to answer 57. 60. Refer to answer 58. 61. Refer to answer 58. 62. (a) Refer to answer 57 (ii). 1 (O).since eat paler 2neor r ‘Therefore plot of E versus r will be as shown, = (©) As per the situation, charge q is kept at a distance r, from line charge. . a K and E’ GEIB CBSE Champion Physics Class 12 ” ces a at ® fine]? = m4 2MEy 20k, n y 63. Assume a cylindrical Gaussian surface cutting through plane sheet of charge, such that point Plies on its plane face, then net electric fhux through surface Sis ° fi d= f Bds+ J Eeds+ f Beds s leit curved right plane surface plane face fice or =f Edscoso? + f Edscos9"+ vet curved plane face surface J Fascoso right plane face or 0=FA+0+EA=2EA But by Gauss’ theorem = 4. = 94 ff where q is the charge in area A of sheet enclosed by cylindrical surface § and ¢ is uniform surface charge density of sheet 2£a= 9 ore &o 2 directed normal to surface of charged sheet ( away from it, if it is positively charged and (i towards it, if it is negatively charged. o 64. Refer to answer 63 65. Refer to answer 58. 66. (i) Consider a sphere of radius r with centre surrounded by a large concentric conducting sh of radius R.Gi) re) pell Electric Charges and Fields ‘To calculate the electric field intensity at any point , where OP = x, imagine a Gaussian surface with centre O and radius x, as shown in the figure The total electric flux through the Gaussian surface is given by o=fbds= Efds Now, fds = 4x? O=EX Ane oli) since the charge enclosed by the Gaussian surface wii) From (i) and (ii), we get Exam at fo (ii) To calculate the electric field intensity at any point P’, where point P’ lies outside the spherical shell, imagine a Gaussian surface with centre O and radius x’, as shown in the figure According to Gauss’s theorem, 19 E'(anx’?) = 12 £9 = f=1t@ 4megx” As the charge always resides only on the outer surface of a conduction shell, the charge flows essentially from the sphere to the shell when they are connected by a wire. It does not depend on the magnitude and sign of charge Q. 67. Refer to answer 58. 68. Refer to answer 58. 69. (i) Refer to answer 47. (ii) Refer to answer 54, (iii) The electric field lines due to the arrangement is shown in the figure. Charges will be uniformly distributed on the whole surfaces hence, all field lines will be uniformly separated. <<@>>>