NAME:

⦁ SAAD ASHFAQ

SUBMITTED TO:

DT TAHIR ABBAS SIAL

EX-FATA
( Federally Administered Tribal Areas )

The Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) in Pakistan were areas of Pakistan outside
The four provinces, comprising a region of some 27,220 km² (10,507 mi²). Miran Shah was
the tribal capital. Agencies are

⦁ Bajaur Agency
⦁ Khyber Agency
⦁ Kurram Agency
⦁ Mohmand Agency
⦁ Orakzai Agency
⦁ North Waziristan Agency
⦁ South Waziristan Agency

Geography of FATA :

EX- FATA is bordered by: Afghanistan to the west with the

border marked by the Durand Line, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa to the north and east, and
Balochistan to the south.

Seats In Parliament :

National Assembly = 12 seats

Senate = 8 seats

PEOPLES PRECEPTION ABOUT EX-FATA PROBLEMS

We conducted a survey online exclusively from the residents of EX-FATA.This the responses that we
got.
1:
FATA Present Status :
FATA was a semi-independent tribal region in the northwest part
of Pakistan since 1947. In 2018, under the twenty fifth amendment passed by the parliament
as well as the provincial assembly of KPK to the constitution of Pakistan. FATA became part
of KPK and it is termed as EX-FATA . It was personally ruled by the government of Pakistan
through a particular set of laws called the Frontier crimes regulations.

2:

Education:

FATA has approximately 6000 educational institutions out of which 4868 are
operative. Of these educational institutions, 77% are primary schools. During the year 2015-
2016, the directorate insisted to have enrolled 681,482 students. The amount of employed
teachers in FATA is 20,335. There are 37-degree colleges in FATA including 13 female
colleges with an enrollment of 15,143 students. The FATA region has only one university
which is known as FATA University. Keeping in view the current statistics, there is an
immediate need for improvement in the field of education. The literacy rate in FATA is 19.9%
and the literacy rate in boys is 34.2% and 5.75% for boys. According to the 2007 annual
report of education sectors in FATA, the statistics are given below.

Only 37% of girls attended school at the primary level and 5% attended at the secondary
level in 2017, according to the Fata annual education census, compared to 49% of boys at
the primary level and 17% of boys at the secondary level.

Women literacy in FATA:

According to a survey conducted by the FATA Secretariat
and the Bureau of Statistics two years back, only 7.8 percent of adult women in the region
were literate, compared to 45 percent of men.
Reason for low Literacy Rate

1. cultural and social constraints

2. local leaders disinterest in education of their communities
3. hostile attitude towards women’s liberation
4. very low budgetary allocations for the sector
5. poverty
6. on top of it, the menace of terrorism, still afflicting that region the most

3.
The situation of Fata is becoming stable in the recent years but still there is a situation due to
which no development projects are taking place in the area. TTP and other militant groups
are active again in the area.This problem can be solved only if the people of FATA are
united against terrorism and help army in every aspect.

4:
What was the most significant obstacle to development in ex-FATA?

The response from the people

was that 16.08 percent of them believe that a lack of health facilities is the most significant
impediment to development. According to 73.91, the greatest obstacle is a lack of education.
According to some of the 6.52 percent, a major obstacle to the development of newly tribal
districts is a lack of social awareness.

5:
Law and Order situation:
FATA is unstable in terms of law and order situation. The
FATA region became a refuge for hundreds of al-Qaeda-linked terrorists, who fled
Afghanistan to the mountainous tribal areas next door in Pakistan after the United States
launched a war against the Taliban regime in the wake of the 9/11 attacks. In December
2007, the local militants residing in the region of FATA launched the Tehrik-e-Taliban
movement which focused on combating Pakistan’s security. However, the Afghan Taliban’s
focused on combating US coalition forces. The Pakistani military launched operation Zarb-e-
Azab in December 2014 to root out the local militants residing in the region of FATA. Due to
such operations, the law and order situation in the region of FATA is improving in FATA, also
due to such operations the number of casualties taking place is decreasing, and also the
terrorist attacks have drastically decreased. However, FATA residents and outside experts
believe that there is still a long way to go for Pakistan to root out these militants from the
region of FATA.

Problems Of FATA

Problems:

FATA due to its backwardness has many problems. The major problems include:

1. Government and Politics

2. Health
3. Education
4. Economic conditions

Economic Conditions:

The economic conditions in the region of FATA are pitiful.

FATA only makes up 1.5% of Pakistan’s economy with a per capita income of only $663 in
2010, only 34% of the families managed to reach above the poverty level. The economy of
FATA primarily depends upon cattle and livestock with some agriculture. The total irrigated
land in FATA is approximately 1000 square kilometers. This area is a major center of opium
dealing, as well as smuggling and black marketing. Foreign aid to such a region is a different
argument, any state is not willing to provide aid to this area due to its bad picture in the
world. The region of FATA is hugely dependent on agriculture, trade, and transport. The job
market is narrowed in concerned professions due to unskilled labor. This low level of skill
forces the workers to get low-paid jobs in the fields of agriculture, industrial, and commercial
sectors. Backwardness, poverty, insufficient basic infrastructure, and prevailing conflict are
some of the major factors, which contribute to the economic and social deprivation of FATA.

EDUCATION POLICIES:
 The Education Policy 2009 considers education a categorical imperative for individual,
social and national development, one that should enable all individuals to reach their
maximum potential. The system should produce responsible, enlightened citizens that help
integrate Pakistan into the global framework of human-centered economic development.
However, the regions formerly part of Federally Administered Area of Pakistan (FATA) – now
made part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa – still struggle with the effects of the decade-long war on
terror, with education outcomes leaving a lot, really, to be desired. In the aftermath of 9/11,
terrorism emerged as a serious threat for Pakistan.

SECURITY SITUATION IN EX-FATA

The response to curb terrorism initiated a war on terror that was fought deep in the heart of
FATA.
Extremists
primarily exploited residents of the area in the name of religion and tribal culture.
For this purpose, they specifically targeted the uneducated faction of the society as they
could be misled quite easily, hence, winning them over to their side for their vested interests.
This eventually paved the way for the military to step into the area. Once the country’s
armed forces moved to reinstate the state’s writ, the entire social system of the Tribal Areas
collapsed. In a lengthy physical and mental battle between the armed forces and extremists,
millions faced internal displacement that dissolved almost all social institutions in the area,
including education.

In a lengthy physical and mental battle between the armed forces and extremists, millions
faced internal displacement that dissolved almost all social institutions in the area, including
education.

⦁ The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan has revealed that schools destroyed
by the extremists in the Tribal Areas “numbered 440, of which 130 were girls’ schools”. The
break-up shows that five schools were destroyed in North Waziristan Agency, 24 schools in
South Waziristan Agency, 85 schools in Kurram Agency and 62 schools were bombed in
Mohmand Agency”. In addition to Waziristan, military operations and terrorism also brought
the education sector in other tribal regions to a virtual standstill.
Last but not the least, the Federal Government’s ignorance and the absence of timely reform
policies for FATA have resulted in a decreased literacy rate in the Tribal Areas.

⦁ Heavy Price
Furthermore, an alternate education system for youth displaced by
the war was never put in place. The decade-long crisis and instability in the region has
affected almost the three generations of the tribal people. Not only have children paid a
heavy price, elders and women have equally suffered painstakingly the impact of terrorism.
Boomers became psychological patients, millennials fell prey to Talibanization and
unemployment, and school-going children were left out on the road. As a whole, the tribal
society has been pushed much closer to the Stone Age than it earlier was,Undoubtedly.
Introduction to Socio-Political Effects :

In 2018, significant changes were made to

the federal system of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The 25th amendment to the
constitution of Pakistan was ratified by the President of Pakistan on May 31, 2018, and Ex-
FATA is now formally a part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The tribal and settled parts of KP
province merged during the constitution-writing process. Before the merger, the ex-FATA
was under the supervision of the federal government (Boon, Huq, & Lovelace, 2018).
Following the merger, the KP province gained direct jurisdiction over the tribal belt. Systemic
change, political progress, and modifications to the nation's written constitution and federal
structure all contributed to this. The regional civilization, settled areas, and tribal belt may be
significantly impacted by the system shift.

EX-FATA MERGER IN KPK:

The question, "Are you aware of the Ex-FATA-KP merger
reforms?" was posed. The response was that 96.52 percent of those who answered the
question believe they have a basic understanding of the newly formed tribal districts. While
3.47 asserts that we are unsure, The question now is whether the collected data is
trustworthy or knowledgeable. According to the data, the respondents responded positively
and with confidence to the following questions. In order to analyse the data in this study, the
descriptive method was used. The strategy uses double hermeneutics, which means that the
interpretation process has two layers: first, each participant tries to determine how the FATA-
KP merger will affect them politically and socially, and second, the researcher tries to
understand each participant. Data from those students, who are from the tribal district of
North Waziristan, has been attempted to collect. because the researcher works in the same
field and a case study is another type of research that can be found here.

Socio-Economic Development of FATA:

A detailed development plan will be developed
during the early stages of this transition period. The ten-year development plan proposed by
FRC has been approved by the PM with an over Rs 110 Billion development package. Three
percent of gross federal divisible pool would be given to FATA every year in addition to Rs21
billion allocated for IDPs, as it is estimated that around 3,38,000 inhabitants of FATA are
displaced temporarily (TDPs) due to presence of militants and army’s strategic operations.
Furthermore, connectivity of FATA with CPEC will be ensured

The Possibility of Making FATA a Separate Province:

The aim of reforms and
mainstreaming, according to critics of the merger scheme for FATA, is to ensure the region's
long-term peace and development. Allies of consolidation contend that FATA is a limited
segment of land and its districts are not associated through the street so can't be managed
without any problem. Peshawar, the capital of KP province, would be able to easily manage
the remote parts of the newly created tribal districts, according to those who oppose the
merger of FATA and KP. They additionally contend that there is no social homogeneity
among the previous ancestral offices and they share all the more practically speaking with
the neighbouring KP area. FRC (FATA Changes Board) figured four change choices after
the 8-10 months in length consultative cycle as under:

1. Maintain a status quo with minor changes .

2. Granting special status to FATA like Gilgit-Baltistan.
3. Creating a separate province for FATA .
4. Integrating FATA into KP province.

Challenges and Limits:

Albeit the board was shaped in November, 2015 and accommodation of its report in ten
months is very palatable, still there are regions that need more noteworthy reasoning and
reevaluation on piece of government substances.

▪ In the event that we extensively take a gander at the significant advances endorsed by the
government bureau, the most vital phase in
FATA changes is the consolidation of FATA with KP territory. In any case, it's amazing that
government has supported association of a huge domain with KP region and no particular
job has been allocated to commonplace government all through impending progress period.
This will present more noteworthy difficulties to currently complex situation.

▪ One more mind boggling issue is the portrayal of FATA in KP get together. Amusingly this
is
proposed for races in 2018 without significant authoritative power of KP government in FATA
till the finish of five-year progress stage.

▪ It has been accounted for that couple of tribesmen have recorded a request guaranteeing
that thendiscussion process completed by the board of trustees was against constitution as
article 247 (6) of the constitution expects to hold an ancestral Jirga for requesting of
ancestral individuals. This may wait on the interaction for an impressive time frame period11
.
▪ Huge number of ancestral individuals including ladies and youngsters are damaged being
casualty to one of the most merciless robot crusade in history for over 10 years now. In this
way,restoration ought to be the fundamental concentration here rather than consolidations
and lawful changes. No such advances have been referenced in the boards of trustees'
report.

▪ Legitimate changes propose change of existing Jirga arrangement of FATA into a blend of
"Legal Framework" and "Ancestral Jirga Framework" and substitution of "FATA Violations
Guideline" with "Ancestral Regions Riwaj Act". Here the term Riwaj needs appropriate
definition and cautious drafting of lawful instruments which integrate "Riwaj" as a feature of
the legal interaction so as the changes are not conversely, with basic common freedoms and
other winning regulations.

▪ Deferring of Nearby body races till General Decisions one year from now is certainly not a
decent methodology as nearby administration should be set up and working preceding
beginning of real turn of events work. Moreover, KP government likewise leans toward the
neighborhood body races till the finish of 2017.
▪ Most importantly, security circumstance of the area will assume a significant part in the
interim. Through activities like "Zarb-E Azb" and "Rad Ul Fassad", the general security
circumstance is moved along. Notwithstanding, the truth will surface at some point how
economical are the aftereffects of these military.

Essentially Impacts of FATA Association with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa:

The organisation among F.A.T.A and KHYBER

PAKHTUNKHWA marks the beginning of a new age nearby with great expectations of
lauding possibilities for the weak local area as FATA political, monetary and Societal
adjustments. Despite the fact that attempts to address the monetary and institutional factors
of the battle for viable post-struggle recuperation would be more appropriate for the country
to deal with two dimensions. The first is the advancement of foundation and the second is
the reproduction of the disturbed or denied pieces of society. In this regard,F.A.T.A's
association with KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA is an amazing move that won't just convey
about infrastructural development nearby yet additionally work on the association among
F.A.T.A and KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA populaces with higher open doors for development .
Joint endeavour is the most attainable furthermore, practical choice for FATA the executives
approaches that can be OK to nearby individuals as well as the most liked decision for both
FATA and KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA native populaces.

Technical and Environmental Impact:

Industrialization and increased economic
activity would bring respectability and stability to the country. It has been agreed in this
respect that Industrial Sectors will be developed and promoted not only to entice business
from around the globe but also to build technological and management jobs for the
residents. To take advantage of these possibilities, the individuals will be given technical
training to allow them to become qualified and educated. Road links to China Pakistan
Economic Corridor (CPEC) will bring Chinese, Russian and Central Asian shareholders.
Forests play an important role in rural economy; it produces well-being for the residents,
provided food, energy and achieves the needs of firewood. Yet FATA's accelerated
deforestation is disrupting the ecosystem with damaging effects on the ecosystem. The
selling of timber, wild farming in the wheat fields and the use of wood for fueling has led to a
dramatic decline in forestation. The capability of the soil to preserve water has decreased,
leading to unforeseen flooding. It has impacted food quality and quantity. The green fields
deplete because of soil erosion and sustained hunger.In this respect, the opportunities of the
merger would be useful as schemes such as "Billion Tree Tsunami" in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
would be expanded to F.A.T.A in order to avoid soil erosion, control floods and enhance
forest management. FATA merger with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa will also introduce forestry laws
that will control deforestation issues.
 SOLUTIONS TO FATA PROBLEMS:

⦁ Mineral resource utilization:

Natural resources should be used in a responsible manner.
The concept of land ownership exists in tribal districts. that someone owns the mineral land;
The property owner owns all natural resources. The local customs and values must be taken
into consideration by the government.

⦁ Establishing Educational Facilities:

FATA University is the highest educational
institution in the entire tribal belt. It's surprising that it's not in the tribal region. None of the
seven districts contain a single university. Along with universities, the most important
technical educational institution and medical colleges must be established immediately.

⦁ Activism in politics:
After extensive military operations, extremist activities resurfaced in
the tribal belt. These threats can be mitigated through political awareness. People would not
even attempt to keep in touch with these radical elements as a result of this. With immediate
concerns, the stuck local government elections must be held for this purpose.
⦁ Media's Role:
The job of media can't be kept away from in such manner. The absence of
local media is a major factor in the region's insurgency. The media should have access to
opportunities and protection from the government so that they can report on all aspects of
reality.

⦁ Participation of People in Public Affairs:

The tribal people are accustomed to war and
economic crises in the past. and adhere to traditional values that date back a hundred years.
They are difficult to grasp with ease. The FATA-KP merger's sociopolitical effects must be
considered by the government: A Case Study of District North Waziristan 69 takes into
account the population in the area before any legislative action is taken. It could take the
form of a referendum, plebiscite.
⦁ Eliminate Extremism in Religion:
In the past, religious Madrassas have been used to
break the spirit of Islam. The majority of Madrassas are unregistered and subject to local
Mullah supervision. It could once more be the reason for the radical minds. Therefore, the
government ought to act immediately to register and regulate all Madrassas operating in
tribal areas. It might be helpful in reducing religious extremism.

7. Recruiting locals:
The tribal customs are well-known to the people who live in
settled areas. Officials from the tribal government must be brought into the tribal areas by
the government. The NMDs' affairs would also be easier for the government to manage.
⦁ Organizing Workshops and Seminars:
The generally ancestral individuals are not
persuaded to send their females to schools, schools and colleges. The government ought to
start something like the "Safeer-e-Baldiyat" program. The government ought to favor the
religious and tribal elite, and then it ought to hold seminars and workshops about the
significance of female education in every village in the tribal region.
⦁ Tourism promotion:
Any nation's economy can benefit from increased tourism. The
researcher has observed that thousands of people from settled areas traveled to South and
North Waziristan's beautiful locations in June and July. However, the tourist had a few
issues with the facilities. The economy of the entire region and the KP settle areas can only
be improved through the promotion of terrorism.